nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential perception of counselor behavior.

This study investigated questions raised by previous research by Barak and LaCrosse regarding perceptions of counselor behavior. Different groups of subjects viewed interviews given by Ellis, Perls, and Rogers and rated them on 36 bipolar items (Counselor Rating Form). Results indicated that the perceived dimensions of expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness were reliable as measured by the Counselor Rating Form and were moderately intercorrelated. Significant between- and within-counselor differences were found. Results were discussed in terms of perceived counselor behavior and questions were raised concerning the source of individuals' perceptions. In a recent study, Barak and LaCrosse (1975) tested Strong's (1968) hypothesis concerning the existence of perceived dimensions of counselor behavior, that is, expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Though the results of this study did not reveal total confirmation for Strong's approach, generally they tend to support the hypothesis. Specifically, these dimensions independently emerged on a factorial structure for two counselors used as stimuli for subjects' perceptions (i.e., Rogers and Perls) but not for the third one (Ellis). In the later case, expertness and trustworthiness loaded on the same factor, which may correspond to a more general dimension of credibility (Goldstein, Heller, & Sechrest, 1966; Ho viand, Janis, & Kelley, 1953). As proposed by Barak and LaCrosse, some questions remain to be answered, and these were the purposes of this study, that is, to assess the measurement instrument reliability, to test the capacity of the measured perceived dimensions to differentiate both between and within counselors, and to investigate the interrelationships among the dimensions.  Subjects One hundred twenty-seven undergraduate students (mostly freshmen) from introductory psychology classes served as subjects for which they received course credit. The distribution of male and female subjects was approximately equal.

Field of study: Psychology
A mechanism for ablation-induced spin-up.

A spin-change mechanisms that have been suggested in the past require a mass asymmetry, e.g. offset, in combination with an aerodynamic lifting force, generated either by a nonzero angle of attack on a symmetric vehicle" or by an ablation-induced nose asymmetry. For thermally expanding surfaces a spin change can occur without any (initial) e.g. offset, but a nonzero angle of attack is required. The present Note describes a mechanism for spin-up at zero angle of attack on a symmetric perfectly balanced vehicle (without e.g. offset or inertia-axes-misalignments). It has been argued by the present authors in an earlier paper that ablation-induced grooving or cross-hatching, or both, on a re-entering missile cannot cause any spin-up, but will work the opposite way for the following reason: The ablation-induced pattern on the vehicle surface will follow the local flow direction existing at the time of pattern production. That is, if the spin rate is p0, local body radius r, and vehicle velocity U,% the bias of the pattern flow angle is de(tQ) = P0r/U0. When l/o has decreased an amount A£7 during re-entry, the angular bias of the surface flow at a later time during the re-entry would be p0r/(U0 — AC/), if the spin rate remained constant. That is, the angular bias of the pattern "frozen" at time t0 will at a later time, t0 + t, be such that it causes a spin-down to a new equilibrium rate set by the inviscid net bias angle A6e. -CV] (1) SURFACE STREAMLINE (LAMINAR FLOW) VORTEX PATH

Field of study: Physics
Cleaning Method of RFID Data Stream Based on Kalman Filter

RFID technology is now widely used in many fields,such as supply chain,pharmacy monitoring.Whereas the unreliable data restricts the RFID technology from being farther developed.For effectively and efficiently supporting high-level RFID business logic processing,it is necessary to provide high-quality RFID data.For that case,it is critical to clean the original data.This paper proposed a cleaning method KAL-RFID based on Kalman Filter,to solve false negative and false positive reading from individual readers,and the transition time respond delay problem of mobile tags.In the end,as experiments shows that the KAL-RFID method improves the efficiency of data cleaning and produces more accurate data.

Field of study: Computer science
Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature by Christopher P. Iannini (review)

and have viewed it coundess times with both fascination at the strangeness of it all and shock at the hubris of Corbusian urbanism at its most clueless. It provides much food for hindsight. Strangest among the strange in the Plan Pilota, and a latecomer to the program, is Batista's Presidential Palace. It sits on its own across Havana Bay, sandwiched between two fortresses and backed by an escarpment. This imperial citadel could be locked down, sealed off, and defended in a twinkling. The residence itself represents a feeble attempt at some sort of cubanidad through a hypostyle of white concrete columns developed by Sert with Felix Candela; these were supposed to invoke die bosque of palm trees. However, what reads at best as delicate and light in drawings and model would have inevitably been ponderous at full scale. Any "constitutional" and "civil" intentions were overshadowed by the desires of a dictator client. And one can only wonder "What was Sert thinking?"

Field of study: History
A high-throughput and high-capacity IPv6 routing lookup system

With the growing number of routing entries, IP routing lookup has become the major performance bottleneck in backbone routers. In this paper, a complete hardware-based routing lookup system is proposed to achieve high-throughput and high-capacity for IPv6. The proposed system is a cache-centric, hash-based architecture that contains a routing lookup application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and a memory set. A hash function is used to reduce lookup time for the routing table and ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) effectively resolves the collision problem. The gate count of the ASIC, excluding the binary content addressable memory (BCAM), is about 5306 gates, using an in-house 0.18@mm CMOS single-poly six-metal standard cell library. The results of post-layout simulations show that the ASIC operates in 3.6ns so that the routing lookup system approaches 260 Mega lookups per second (Mlps), which is sufficient for 100Gbps networks. The memory density is good, with each routing entry requiring only 64bits. Moreover, the routing table only needs 10.24KB on-chip BCAM, 20.04KB off-chip TCAM and 29.29MB DRAM for 3.6M routing entries in the proposed system.

Field of study: Computer science
Preparation of monodispersed calcium alginate gel beads in high voltage electrostatic field

In this paper, the effect of operation parameters on t he monodispersity of calcium-alginate gel beads prepared in high-voltage electro static field were analyzed.The parameters included the applied potential (U) ,the distribution of electrostatic field, the frequency and the flow rate of so lution through the capillary. Furthermore, the process is analyzed with the the ory of jet break-up in electrostatic field. The result showed that the modifie d symmetrical electrostatic field was more advantageous in preparing the monodis persed gel beads than the traditional method. Meanwhile,gel beads with good mono dispersity(CV20%) and stability without aggregation were produced under a r ange of applied potential (U), frequency and flow rate of solution through t he capillary.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure enhances acoustic startle magnitude and disrupts prepulse inhibition in adult rhesus monkeys.

Prenatal alcohol exposure can contribute to a wide range of neurodevelopmental impairments in children and adults including behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders. In rhesus monkeys, we examined whether moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure would alter acoustic startle responses and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle. PPI is a highly quantifiable measure of inhibitory neural processes or sensorimotor gating associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.



Acoustic startle and PPI of the acoustic startle were tested in 37 adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) from 4 experimental conditions: (i) moderate-level prenatal alcohol-exposed, (ii) prenatally stressed, (iii) moderate-level prenatal alcohol-exposed + prenatally stressed, and (iv) sucrose controls.



Prenatal alcohol-exposed monkeys showed a higher magnitude of acoustic startle response and disrupted PPI compared with monkeys not exposed to alcohol prenatally. Monkeys in all conditions showed higher hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses after undergoing the startle procedure, but HPA responses were unrelated to startle response magnitude, latency, or PPI.



Finding altered PPI in monkeys prenatally exposed to a moderate dose of alcohol suggests that reduced sensorimotor gating is 1 effect of prenatal alcohol exposure. Because reduced sensorimotor gating is observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders, sensorimotor gating deficits could be an aspect of the comorbidity between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and mental health conditions.

Field of study: Medicine
Generation of Large Moments in a Spin-1 Chain with Random Antiferromagnetic Couplings

We study the spin-1 chain with nearest neighbor couplings that are rotationally invariant, but include both Heisenberg and biquadratic exchange, with random strengths. We demonstrate, using perturbative renormalization group methods as well as exact diagonalization of clusters, that the system generates ferromagnetic couplings under certain circumstances even when all the bare couplings are antiferromagnetic. This disorder induced instability leads to formation of large magnetic moments at low temperatures, and is a purely quantum mechanical effect that does not have a classical counterpart. The physical origin of this instability, as well as its consequences, are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Functional Principal Component Analysis of Density Families With Categorical and Continuous Data on Canadian Entrant Manufacturing Firms

This article investigates the evolution of firm distributions for entrant manufacturing firms in Canada using functional principal components analysis. This methodology describes the dynamics of firms by examining production variables, size, and labor productivity, and a financial variable, leverage (debt-to-asset ratio). We adapt the canonical functional principal components analysis to allow for the inclusion of qualitative information in the form of discrete variables, industry, and region, to capture market structure differences, which is shown to change the dynamics of firm size and labor productivity distributions only. We also perform various tests with the null hypothesis that the distributions are equal across time. When accounting for industry and regional categories, there is a substantial fall in the number of rejections of the null hypothesis of equality for size and labor productivity, which is not the case for leverage. These results show the importance of including qualitative information to account for potential heterogeneity when applying functional principal component analysis to firm-level data. Finally, the methodology finds a correlation between the evolution of variable distributions and macroeconomic factors. This article has supplementary material online.

Field of study: Mathematics
Metal pollution in surface sediments from Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): Toxic effects on marine organisms.

The Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (RFL - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) is a highly polluted and eutrophic lacustrine system, which has been often used for the practice of aquatic sports, including during the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. This study proposes the evaluation of metal concentrations in surface sediments from the RFL before and after urban interventions performed for the 2016 Olympics, as well as their toxicity to the benthic amphipod Tiburonella viscana and embryos of the sea-urchin Echinometra lucunter. Metal concentrations determined in 2017 were significantly higher than those obtained in 2015 (especially Cu, Cd and Ni), suggesting that the interventions performed to fulfill the requirements of the Olympics increased metal contents in sediments. The sediments from the northern sector of the RFL were muddier, more organically enriched, exhibited higher metal concentrations and were more toxic to T. viscana when compared to the sediments collected in the southern sector. This fact is particularly important since the practice of sports, including during the 2016 Olympics, has been preferably performed in the northern sector. Metal distribution was strongly correlated with organic matter and mud contents. The toxicity to E. lucunter embryos was high for both northern and southern sediments; most of the samples led to 100% lack or abnormal embryonic development. The integration of physical, chemical and ecotoxicological data indicates that the mortality to T. viscana was correlated with metal contents, whereas the toxicity to E. lucunter was apparently related to the release of ammonia from the sediment to water column. Finally, high metal concentrations and the toxicity to aquatic organisms evidence the ecological risks to the biota from RFL.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Solution to the Problem of the Country,Agriculture and Farmer is Transferring the Surplus Labour in the Country

Since the late of 1990s, the slow growth of farmer's income affected the process of Ch inese economic development severely. The cause of which income per farmer grew s o slowly is that there are too many farmers restricted in the country. Therefore , transferring surplus labor in the country and reducing agricultural population is the inevitable choice to increase farmer's income and to quicken the Chinese economic development.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The distribution of multiple subject constructions in Korean

It has often been observed in the literature that multiple subject constructions (MSCs) are acceptable only with stative predicates. While the notion of stativity can play a role in accounting for the distribution of MSCs, the analysis based on verbal aspect sometimes leads to incorrect predictions. In this paper, it is argued that in order to explain the acceptability of MSCs consistently, sentential aspect rather than verbal aspect must be considered, and also contextual factors must be taken into account. It is also pointed out that those contextual factors can be subsumed by the notion of characterization in Jang (1998). Meanwhile, MSCs beginning with a subject associated with location need a special treatment since it can be regarded as a locative phrase as well as a subject, and hence a double subject construction can be licensed even if its predicate belongs to activity predicates or characterization relation does not hold.

Field of study: Linguistics
Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 using PMF modelling coupled with 1-hr resolution online air pollutant dataset for Linfen, China.

The chemical species in PM2.5 and air pollutant concentration data with 1-hr resolution were monitored synchronously between 15 November 2018 and 20 January 2019 in Linfen, China, which were analysed for multiple temporal patterns, and PM2.5 source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) modelling coupled with online chemical species data was conducted to obtain the apportionment results of distinct temporal patterns. The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 124 μg/m3 during the heating period, and NO3- and organic carbon (OC) were the dominant species. The concentrations and percentages of NO3-, SO42-, and OC increased notably during the growth periods of haze events, thereby indicating secondary particle formation. Six factors were identified by the PMF model during the heating period, including vehicular emissions (VE: 26.5%), secondary nitrate (SN: 16.5%), coal combustion and industrial emissions (CC&IE: 25.7%), secondary sulfate and secondary organic carbon (SS&SOC: 24.4%), biomass burning (BB: 1.0%), and crustal dust (CD: 5.9%). The primary sources of PM2.5 on clean days were CD (33.3%), VE (23.1%), and SS&SOC (20.6%), while they were CC&IE (32.9%) and SS&SOC (28.3%) during the haze events. The contributions of secondary sources and CC&IE increased rapidly during the growth periods of haze events, while that of CD increased during the dissipation period. Diurnal variations in the contribution of secondary sources were mainly related to the accumulation and transformation of corresponding gaseous precursors. In comparison, contributions of CC&IE and VE varied as a function of the domestic heating load and peak levels occurred during the morning and evening rush hours. High contributions of major sources (CC&IE and SS&SOC) during haze events originated mainly from the north and south, while high contribution of a major source (CD) on clean days was from the northwest.

Field of study: Environmental science
HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES UNDER PULSING FLOW REGIME

For the gas and liquid superficial velocity ranging from 0.07—0.36?m·s -1 and 0.008—0.016?m·s -1 respectively,the significance of operating conditions on the macro-characteristic properties,such as liquid holdup,pressure drop,pulsing velocity and pulsing frequency etc ,are investigated through experiments.Based on the 130 dynamic liquid holdup data a new correlation is proposed for the dynamic liquid holdup as: β d=1.324· γ·Re l 0.057 ·Re g -0.332 ,and correlation of the pressure drop is shown as: Δ p Δ L=∑iA i(1-e) 2a 2 ve 3μ iu i+B i(1-e)a ve 3ρ iu 2 i ,where A l=3.84×10 -3 ,A g =9.33×10 -3 ,B l=7.0×10 -5 ,B g =1.59×10 -4 .A new type of corcentric ring conductance probe was used to measure the conductance fluctuation in the trickle bed reactor packed with 4—5?mm glass beads.The pulse velocity and frequency are calculated based on the time series data.Correlations of the pulse velocity and pulse frequency were obtained as V p =1.575u g 1.98 1-0.0864u g 12.01 (1-17.668U l)and f= -2.505 +5.113U g +2.04×10 2U l,respectively.All the correlations have high accuracy in predicting the parameters.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Study on the Integrated Effects of Cultivation Factors on Sharp Eyespot of Wheat and High-Yield and Disease-Control Cultivation Techniques

The effects of the five cultivation factors on sharp eyespot of wheat were studied by applying relational regression design.The results showed that the importance order of the effect of each factor on the disease index is nitrogen levelseeding timebasic seedingN fertilizing time ratio of ground and additional fertilizer.Among the factors,there are operative interactive effect. The interactive effect between density and N fertilizer was significant at the level of 0.05. Early sowing, high-density and large amount of N application were the three main causes of the disease. An optimized scheme of cultivation measure for the control of the disease was proposed according to the balancing optimization of high-yield and disease control.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Effects of Modification of Pain Protocol on Incidence of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting

A Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) care model applies a standardized multidisciplinary approach to patient care using evidence-based medicine to modify and improve protocols. Analysis of patient outcome measures, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), allows for refinement of existing protocols to improve patient care. We aim to compare the incidence of PONV in patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty before and after modification of our PSH pain protocol.  All total joint replacement PSH (TJR-PSH) patients who underwent primary THA (n=149) or TKA (n=212) in the study period were included. The modified protocol added a single dose of intravenous (IV) ketorolac given in the operating room and oxycodone immediate release orally instead of IV Hydromorphone in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The outcomes were (1) incidence of PONV and (2) average pain score in the PACU. We also examined the effect of primary anesthetic (spinal vs. GA) on these outcomes. The groups were compared using chi-square tests of proportions.  The incidence of post-operative nausea in the PACU decreased significantly with the modified protocol (27.4% vs. 38.1%, p=0.0442). There was no difference in PONV based on choice of anesthetic or procedure. Average PACU pain scores did not differ significantly between the two protocols.  Simple modifications to TJR-PSH multimodal pain management protocol, with decrease in IV narcotic use, resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative nausea, without compromising average PACU pain scores. This report demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring of PSH pathways and implementation of revisions as needed.

Field of study: Medicine
Informational and Psychological Influence on Student Youth in the Conditions of the Information-Psychological War

Peculiarities of informational and psychological influence on social consciousness as a destructive tool in the conditions of conducting the information-psychological war are considered in the article. The danger of informational and psychological influence on the citizens’ consciousness is that such influence changes the normal behavior of people, their reactions to the surrounding world. It makes the person's psyche vulnerable and encourages the individual to destructive actions against society. This is a danger not only for the psychological state of an individual member of society, but also for the whole country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of informational and psychological influence on social consciousness in the conditions of the information-psychological war. The research was conducted using the following methods: methods of mathematical statistics, experiment, prosopographical method. It was proved that the verification of information received from the media is not verifiable by representatives of student youth on the basis of the survey. Informational and psychological influence is an important tool for conducting the information-psychological wars and operations. It is seriously detrimental to social consciousness. Young people need special protection because the future of the country depends on them. It is noted that there is a need to develop mechanisms for protecting young people from negative informational and psychological influence. The media must submit proven information in a dosed form using a simple vocabulary. Government agencies should develop rules of work in the Internet space of the state, which will help to protect society as a whole, and student youth in particular, from the negative informational and psychological influence.

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Moulin work under glaciers

Statement of the Problem studied In glaciated regions I have several times encountered an aberrant and puzzling type of sculpture. Inclined surfaces, so situated that they can not have been subjected to postglacial stream scour, are sometimes carved in a succession of shallow, spoon-shaped hollows, and at the same time are highly polished. They resemble to a certain extent the surfaces sometimes wrought by glaciers on well-jointed rocks, where the hackly character produced by the removal of angular blocks is modified by abrasion; but they are essentially different. Instead of having the salient elements well rounded and the reentrant angular, they have reentrants well rounded and salients more or less angular; and they are further distinguished by the absence of glacial striae. An example appears in the foreground of plate 40, representing the canyon of the South fork of the San Joaquin river, in the heart of the glaciated zone . . .

Field of study: Geology