nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Coups and Countercoups in Greece, 1967-1973 (with postscript)

The military coup d'etat of April 21, 1967, set up an authoritarian no-party system of government in Greece which resisted internal and external pressures for a change toward a multiparty system but resulted in 1973 in the abolition of the monarchy and the formal establishment of a republic. After first giving a summary of the main political events in Greek affairs during the years from 1967 to 1973, this article goes on to indicate the principal gainers and losers from this series of events both within and outside Greece. In describing the serious problem created for Western governments and international organizations subscribing to the values of representative government by the emergence of an authoritarian regime in Athens, the article recounts Western European steps designed to bring about a change in Greece as well as the complications created in the relations between Greece and the United States. An effort then is made to explain the unprecedented durability of this era of authoritarian rule in Greece by reference to economic, social, and demographic factors. Furthermore, the article underlines the difficulties of restoring civilian control over the military in order to move toward a multiparty system, especially when efforts are exerted to combine a quasidictatorial chief execuitive with representative institutions. Finally, the article deals with the impact of the Greek situation on the polycentric communist sector of world politics.

Field of study: Political science
ARTICLES: Waveguide CO2/OsO4 laser with a frequency stability of 10-13

A high-pressure waveguide CO2 laser was stabilized using the resonance frequency of saturated absorption due to the A22P(46) transition in the ν3 band of 192OsO4 (28.46 THz). The laser had a preliminary frequency stabilization system based on a transmission resonance of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer, narrowing the emission spectrum to 1 kHz. An external absorption cell was used: it contained OsO4 vapor at a reduced pressure. The frequency instability was measured by comparison with the frequency of a low-pressure CO2/OsO4 laser stabilized using a resonance located at the center of the CO2 P(14) line. The relative instability of the frequencies of the lasers was 10−13(τ−1+2τ0) for values of τ from 1 msec to 400 sec. The long-term stability (flicker limit) of ~10−13 was probably governed by pulling effects arising, in particular, from parasitic reflections in the optical system.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Unique communities of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in saline lakes of Salar de Atacama (Chile): evidence for a new phylogenetic lineage of phototrophic Gammaproteobacteria from pufLM gene analyses.

Phototrophic bacteria are important primary producers of salt lakes in the Salar de Atacama and at times form visible mass developments within and on top of the lake sediments. The communities of phototrophic bacteria from two of these lakes were characterized by molecular genetic approaches using key genes for the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus in phototrophic purple bacteria (pufLM) and in green sulfur bacteria (fmoA). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the pufLM genes indicated high variability of the community composition between the two lakes and subsamples thereof. The communities were characterized by the dominance of a novel, so far undescribed lineage of pufLM containing bacteria and the presence of representatives related to known halophilic Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae. In addition, the presence of BChl b-containing anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and of aerobic anoxygenic bacteria was indicated. Green sulfur bacteria were not detected in the environmental samples, although a bacterium related to Prosthecochloris indicum was identified in an enrichment culture. This is the first comprehensive description of phototrophic bacterial communities in a salt lake of South America made possible only due to the application of the functional pufLM genes.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
The heart and stroke foundation of ontario.

The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario is a non-profit volunteer-driven organization that is active in supporting research and education programs with the ultimate goal of reducing death and disability from heart disease and stroke. The Foundation has over 65 chapters across the province, a full-time staff of 130, and over 70,000 volunteers involved in various programs and fund-raising activities. Several of the Foundation's programs offer direct assistance to family physicians and their patients. This review summarizes the major programs of the Foundation and specifies how they relate to the physicians of Ontario.

Field of study: Medicine
Metamorphoses of electronic structure of FeSe-based superconductors (Review Article)

The electronic structure of FeSe, the simplest iron-based superconductor (Fe-SC), conceals a potential of dramatic increase of Tc that realizes under pressure or in a single layer film. This is also the system where nematicity, the phenomenon of a keen current interest, is most easy to study since it is not accompanied by the antiferromagnetic transition like in all other Fe-SC's. Here we overview recent experimental data on electronic structure of FeSe-based superconductors: isovalently doped crystals, intercalates, and single layer films, trying to clarify its topology and possible relation of this topology to superconductivity. We argue that the marked differences between the experimental and calculated band structures for all FeSe compounds can be described by a hoping selective renormalization model for a spin/orbital correlated state that may naturally explain both the evolution of the band structure with temperature and nematicity.

Field of study: Physics
Kernels, Degrees of Freedom, and Power Properties of Quadratic Distance Goodness-of-Fit Tests

In this article, we study the power properties of quadratic-distance-based goodness-of-fit tests. First, we introduce the concept of a root kernel and discuss the considerations that enter the selection of this kernel. We derive an easy to use normal approximation to the power of quadratic distance goodness-of-fit tests and base the construction of a noncentrality index, an analogue of the traditional noncentrality parameter, on it. This leads to a method akin to the Neyman-Pearson lemma for constructing optimal kernels for specific alternatives. We then introduce a midpower analysis as a device for choosing optimal degrees of freedom for a family of alternatives of interest. Finally, we introduce a new diffusion kernel, called the Pearson-normal kernel, and study the extent to which the normal approximation to the power of tests based on this kernel is valid.

Field of study: Mathematics
Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary magnetostratigraphy of a continental sequence: Red Deer Valley, Alberta, Canada

The Red Deer Valley exposes a conformable 350 m thick late Campanian to Early Paleocene fluvial–deltaic coal-bearing sequence named the Edmonton Group. Systematic sampling and paleomagnetic analysis of the dominant lithologies (mudstones, sandstones, and shales) were carried out over five sections correlated by coal seams to provide some 500 sites (stratigraphic levels). Primary detrital remanent magnetization directions after alternating field cleaning produce a polarity reversal pattern correlatable to sea-floor magnetic anomalies 29–33.The Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, based upon the first appearance of Wodehouseia, and the Maastrichtian–Paleocene (Cretaceous–Tertiary) boundary, based upon an Ir anomaly associated with dinosaur and Cretaceous palynofloral extinctions, correlate closely magnetostratigraphically with the marine foraminiferal section at Gubbio, Italy. Radiometric dating of bentonites has indicated the ages of these boundaries to be approximately 71 and 64 Ma, respectively.

Field of study: Environmental science
BENDING-COLLAPSE BEHAVIOR OF AN INFLATATED CIRCULAR-CYLINDRICAL CANTILEVER BEAM

Considering the shortcomings of theories proposed previously about inflatable structures,an analytical relation between a wrinkling angle and a bending load is derived from a more reasonable wrinkling criterion that wrinkles are going to occur while the minor principal stress approaches to zero in an Euler-Bernoulli beam model.It is of importance to apply the relation to calculate its critical wrinkled load and collapse load.Further more,the range of the wrinkled region also can be sketched and used to predict the wrinkling tendency.Based on the computed example,we can draw some distinct conclusions:the collapse takes place at the odd point of the relation curve between the wrinkling angle and bending moment before the wrinkled region completely propagates around the circumference of the root cross-section;the projection of the sketched critical wrinkled boundary in the symmetrical plane is a curve but not a straight line.These calculation results keep a good consistency with the experiments which have been carried out.

Field of study: Engineering
STUDYING THE RELATION „BRAND – LEADERSHIP” ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF SEASIDE TOURIST DESTINATIONS

The leadership of a certain tourist destination on the international market is intrinsically related in customers’ minds to the identity and popularity of the destination, which have been formed as a result of a focused strategically intended behaviour on the target market audiences, both by the businesses providing tourist services (tour operators, tour agents, hotels, restaurants, aqua parks, museums), and by the government and municipal authorities. Namely, the interrelation between the image of the destination on the market and the customers’ preferences form the relation „brand – leadership” on the international tourism market. The present study is based on a questionnaire survey conducted in three countries providing seaside tourist packages (Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece), where respondents were 550 tourists of 5 nationalities. The study has shown that the brand positions the respective destination on the market, creates its reputation and wins customers’ loyalty over time on the basis of the vision, quality and invoked trust epitomized by the destination

Field of study: Business
Nutrient discharge from China’s aquaculture industry and associated environmental impacts

China?s aquaculture industry accounts for the largest share of the world?s fishery production, and provides a principal source of protein for the nation?s booming population. However, the environmental effects of the nutrient loadings produced by this industry have not been systematically studied or reviewed. Few quantitative estimates exist for nutrient discharge from aquaculture and the resultant nutrient enrichment in waters and sediments. In this paper, we evaluate nutrient discharge from aquacultural systems into aquatic ecosystems and the resulting nutrient enrichment of water and sediments, based on data from 330 cases in 51 peer-reviewed publications. Nitrogen use efficiency ranged from 11.7% to 27.7%, whereas phosphorus use efficiency ranged from 8.7% to 21.2%. In 2010, aquacultural nutrient discharges into Chinese aquatic ecosystems included 1044 Gg total nitrogen (184 Gg N from mariculture; 860 Gg N freshwater culture) and 173 Gg total phosphorus (22 Gg P from mariculture; 151 Gg P from freshwater culture). Water bodies and sediments showed high levels of nutrient enrichment, especially in closed pond systems. However, this does not mean that open aquacultural systems have smaller nutrient losses. Improvement of feed efficiency in cage systems and retention of nutrients in closed systems will therefore be necessary. Strategies to increase nutrient recycling, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and social measures, such as subsidies, should be increased in the future. We recommend the recycling of nutrients in water and sediments by hybrid agricultural-aquacultural systems and the adoption of nutrient use efficiency as an indicator at farm or regional level for the sustainable development of aquaculture; such indicators; together with water quality indicators, can be used to guide evaluations of technological, policy, and economic approaches to improve the sustainability of Chinese aquaculture.

Field of study: Environmental science
Repeated games with general discounting

We introduce a general class of time discounting, which includes time-inconsistent ones, into repeated games with perfect monitoring. A strategy pro le is called an agent subgame perfect equilibrium if there is no pro table one-shot deviation at any history. We characterize strongly symmetric agent subgame perfect equilibria for repeated games with symmetric stage game. We nd that the harshest punishment takes different forms given different biases. When players are future biased, the harshest punishment is supported by a version of stick-and-carrot strategy. When players are present biased, the harshest punishment may take a more complex form. In particular, the worst punishment path may need to be cyclical. We also nd that the worst punishment payoff is different from the stage game minmax payoff even when players are patient. For some class of discounting, we show that the worst punishment payoff is larger than the stage game minmax payoff with present bias and smaller than the stage game minmax payo with future bias. We also characterize the set of limit equilibrium payoffs as the length of periods converges to 0, without changing the intertemporal structure of biases.

Field of study: Economics
Changes of Clinical Signs, Peripheral Blood Properties, Plasma Estrogens and Progesterone during Periparturiental Period in Dairy Cows.

ホルスタイン種経産牛10頭について,胎子娩出前8日から娩出後3日までの臨床所見と血液性状の変化および末梢血中エストロン(E1),エストラジオールー17β(E2)およびプロジェステロン(P)濃度の消長を検討した.その結果,試験に供した10頭は,体温の38.5°C以下への下降,仙坐靱帯の3cm以上の弛緩,分葉核白血球数のリンパ球数に対する比の1.0以上への上昇,血中グルコース濃度の105mg/dl以上への上昇が,娩出前24~12時間に集中して認められたもの(I群),娩出前3日以前の早期から認められたもの(H群)および徴候がみられないか不規則に認められたもの(mm群)の3群に区分された.これら各群における血中性ステロイドホルモンの消長では,H,研群は1群と比べて,娩出前における血中ElおよびE2値の増加とP値の減少が緩慢なものの多いことが認められた.しかし,いずれの群においてもE2/P比は娩出前1日から急激に上昇し始め,娩出前12時間から娩出直後に最高値を示したことから,分娩の発来に大きく関与していることが示唆された.また,娩出前の体温の下降は血中P値の減少,仙坐靱帯の弛緩はE2/P比の上昇とそれぞれ密接な関連のあることが認められた.

Field of study: Biology
Effect of endogenous hormone on the abscission of cotton buds and bolls

The contents of endogenous hormones and the rates of cotton buds and bolls abscission of Wanan-qingdaling 2,GP75,Peru cotton and Shanbeiyin dwarf cotton under different growth days were studied.The re-sults show that endogenous hormones in cotton buds and bolls were highly correlate with abscission rates,and the interaction among different kinds of endogenous hormones also existed.In addition,the content of cytokinin(ZR),auxin(IAA),jasmonic acid(JA) and abscisic acid(ABA) in cotton buds and bolls were significantly correlated with abscission rates of the cotton buds and bolls.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
How language type influences patterns of motion expression in bilingual speakers

Expression of motion shows systematic inter-typological variability between language types, particularly with respect to manner and path components of motion: speakers of satellite-framed languages (S-language; e.g. German) frequently conflate manner and path into a single clause, while verb-framed language speakers (V-language; e.g. Spanish) typically express manner and path in separate clauses, a pattern that also becomes evident in bilinguals’ expression of motion events in each language type. However, less is known about intra-typological variability within each language type, particularly for the expression of motion events among bilingual speakers. In this study, we examine motion descriptions produced by two groups of bilinguals – with Polish as first language – learning a second language that belongs to the same (Polish–German) or a different language type (Polish–Spanish), in comparison to monolinguals in each language (German, Spanish, Polish). Our results, based on written descriptions of animated motion scenes, showed evidence for both inter-typological and intra-typological variation in the expression of motion, with greater attunement to first-language (L1) patterns in learning a language of the same type, and closer alignment to second-language (L2) patterns in learning a language that belongs to a different language type.

Field of study: Linguistics
Body fat percentage as a risk factor for atherosclerosis but not for inflammation for hemodialysis patients: differences between genders.

Atherosclerosis (AS) and malnutrition are 2 major causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A high body fat percentage (BFP) may be paradoxically associated with improved survival in chronic HD patients. We aimed to establish BFP profile of the HD patients by using bioimpedance analysis, body mass index (BMI), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) to find out their association with inflammation and AS.



In total, 125 HD patients (64 male, 51% mean age of 49.7 ± 12.3 years) were included in the study. Malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) has been used and supported with biochemical parameters: C-reactive protein, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, complete blood count, serum albumin, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, and triglyceride. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their BFP that were defined by bioimpedance analysis. We also compared these groups according to BMI percentiles. Independent variables affecting BMI and MIS were identified by logistic regression analysis.



AS was correlated with high BFP for our female HD patients, but not for the males. BFP, BMI, and WHR were significantly higher for females. Older age (P = .02), BMI (P < .01), WHR (P < .01), total leukocyte count (P = .02), serum iron (P < .01), and total iron-binding capacity (P = .02) were found significantly correlated with higher BFP for female HD patients, whereas only BMI (P < .01) and serum creatinine levels (P = .04) were significant for male patients. In logistic regression analysis, independent factors affecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) were gender, BFP, MIS, and lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio. Independent factors affecting MIS were gender, BFP, CVD, serum albumin level, and serum C-reactive protein.



BFP and male gender may be contributing factors for CVD; however, female HD patients with high BFP had higher risk of CVD than male counterparts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the pathophysiology of this discrepancy between genders.

Field of study: Medicine
Improving the glitch noise of Δ∑ D/A converter using the RTZ waveform

This paper discusses the analytical result of the glitch noise improvement in the multi-bit delta sigma D/A converter with Data-Weighted-Averaging (DWA). The DWA-DAC is effective for the improvement measure of SNR deterioration with element deviation. However, the DWA-DAC has the problem that the accuracy decreases by the glitch noise. The glitch noise occurs by the timing skew. So we propose to use RTZ waveform (fixed code) that is appropriate for the DWA-DAC. In this result, we obtain that the accuracy is able to improve 10dB when the timing-skew is 100ps.

Field of study: Computer science
Weakened constraints from b-->sgamma on supersymmetry flavor mixing due to next-to-leading-order corrections.

We examine the process B-->X(s)gamma in minimal supersymmetry (SUSY) with general squark flavor mix-ings. We include all relevant next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections and dominant NLO SUSY effects from the gluino. We find that gluino-squark corrections to down-type quark masses induce large NLO corrections to the dominant Wilson coefficients whose size is often similar to those at LO, es-pecially at large tan(beta. For micro>0, destructive interference and suppression by the renormalization group running lead to a "focusing effect" of reducing the size of gluino corrections to the branching ratio, and also of reducing the LO sensitivity to flavor mixings among squarks. Constraints from B(B-->X(s)gamma) on the SUSY-breaking scale can become significantly weakened relative to the minimal flavor violation case, even, at large tan(beta, for small flavor mixings. The case of micro<0 also becomes allowed.

Field of study: Physics
The Reinvention of Behavioral Health Services in the VA System

The Veterans Health Administration under the direction of Kenneth Kizer, M.D., has faced the challenge of providing high-quality health care while controlling costs. Under Dr. Kizer's direction, VA hospitals are moving toward managed patient centered primary care. Hospital organization, funding, and clinical practices have been changed. Reorganization has meant a variety of possibilities for psychologists employed in the VA system.

Field of study: Psychology
Multi-source Alert Verification on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Application

To reduce the false positive alerts and non-relevant positive of intrusion detection systems,a technique of Multi-source alert verification is proposed based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The technique broaches Intuitionistic Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to alert verification.And to the shortcomings of traditional methods which can not verify alerts,Multi-source and multi-level evaluation factor sets are established.Moreover,the paper proposes how the membership and nonmembership functions of evaluation factor sets are set up.At last,the validity and superiority of the technique proposed is checked with an classical instance.

Field of study: Computer science
The canadian association of internes and residents committee on family medicine.

Family medicine residents across Canada represent a unique body of physicians with exciting and different training experiences. Some 30 residents from each of the 16 university-administered Canadian family medicine programs meet twice annually as a subcommittee of the Canadian Association of Internes and Residents (CAIR), to exchange ideas and discuss issues of relevance to family medicine programs. The CAIR Committee on Family Medicine (CAIR-CFM) has direct liaison with the College of Family Physicians of Canada through its Board of Directors and various educational committees. CAIR-CFM has also been actively involved in other independent projects directly affecting the training of family medicine residents, including a review of every family medicine program, accreditation of programs, and policy recommendations.

Field of study: Medicine
A Team-Based Learning Course on Nutrition and Lifestyle Modification

To create, implement, and evaluate an elective team-based learning (TBL) course on nutrition and lifestyle modification for pharmacy students.  An elective course with 15 contact hours was developed for second-year pharmacy students based on the principles of TBL. Student knowledge gained and satisfaction with the course were measured. Assessment. Sixty-two students completed the course. Knowledge about nutrition and lifestyle modification was significantly improved by completing the course (59% and 91%, respectively, p=<0.001). The satisfaction survey instrument had a response rate of 97%, and the majority of students (>85%) responded favorably to the TBL components.  An elective course using TBL effectively delivered course content while teaching students communication and teamwork skills. The course was well received by students.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Variation of GGH15 Multilinear Maps

Recently, Coron presented an attack of GGH15 multilinear maps, which breaks the multipartite Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol based on GGH15. In this paper, we describe a variation of GGH15, which seems to thwart known attacks.  Multilinear maps, zeroizing attack, MPKE, witness encryption, LWE

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics