nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Eating Disorder Diagnoses and Symptom Presentation in Transgender Youth: a Scoping Review

This scoping review includes recent literature on eating disorder diagnoses and evaluation of eating disorder symptom presentation among transgender youth (ages 8–25). A total of 20 publications from the previous 5 years were identified, including case reports, retrospective chart reviews, and surveys. Significantly higher rates of eating disorder symptoms were documented in transgender youth compared to cisgender youth. Similarly, some studies reported transgender youth were more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than cisgender youth, though the proportion of youth with eating disorder diagnoses varied across studies. A consistent theme across case studies was engagement in food restriction and/or compensatory eating behaviors to prevent puberty onset or progression, suggesting that for some transgender youth, these behaviors may be understood as a means of coping with gender-related distress. Clinical care could be enhanced through establishment of best practices for screening in settings offering eating disorder treatment and gender-affirming care, as well as greater collaboration among these programs. Research is needed to validate eating disorder measures for use with transgender youth and evaluate the effects of eating disorder treatment and gender-affirming medical interventions on the well-being of transgender youth.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A study of oxygen interaction with high-temperature superconducting materials by the isotopic exchange method

The isotopic exchange method was used to determine the exchange rate of oxygen of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ , Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ , Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 1.6 Ca 2.4 Cu 3.4 O 10.2+δ and Pb 2 Sr 2 Y 0.5 Ca 0.5 Cu 3 O 8+δ with molecular oxygen. The measurements were made at temperatures of 600–1000 K and oxygen pressures of 3–15 Torr. The activation energy and the order of the gas-pressure dependence of the oxygen exchange reaction rate were determined.

Field of study: Materials science
Smart Sleeping Policies for Energy Efficient Tracking in Sensor Networks

We study the problem of tracking an object that is moving randomly through a dense network of wireless sensors. We assume that each sensor has a limited range for detecting the presence of the object, and that the network is sufficiently dense so that the sensors cover the area of interest. In order to conserve energy the sensors may be put into a sleep mode with a timer that determines the sleep duration. We assume that a sensor that is asleep cannot be communicated with or woken up. Thus, the sleep duration needs to be determined at the time the sensor goes to sleep based on all the information available to the sensor. The objective is to track the location of the object to within the accuracy of the range of the sensor. However, having sleeping sensors in the network could result in tracking errors, and hence there is a tradeoff between the energy savings and the tracking errors that result from the sleeping actions at the sensors. We consider the design of sleeping policies that optimize this tradeoff.

Field of study: Engineering
A pathway to high Tc and Jc with the hetero–nano interface of the Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10/Al heterostructure

For the first time, we report on a pathway to high Tc and Jc using the superconducting hetero–nano structures of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10/Al (Tl-2223/Al). A two-dimensional nano-stripe structure at the interface of Tl-2223/Al was fabricated using the room-temperature electrochemical complexing technique. The confinement of the charge transport along the stripes at the hetero–nano interface was studied at different temperatures ranging from 300 K to 77 K. The high Jc along the interface at different temperatures is explained on the basis of Andreev reflections from the interface followed by confinement of charge transport along the ab-plane (superconducting path) of the Tl-2223 unit cell. The model has been proposed to explain the mechanism of high Tc and Jc observed at the hetero–nano interface. The phenomenon of a pathway to high Tc and Jc using the Tl-2223/Al hetero–nano interface was ascertained as a result of destroying the interface by irradiating the heterostructure.

Field of study: Physics
Modular representations and branching rules for affine and cyclotomic Yokonuma-Hecke algebras

We give an equivalence between a module category of the affine Yokonuma-Hecke algebra (associated with the group $\mathbb{Z}/r\mathbb{Z}$) and its suitable counterpart for a direct sum of tensor products of affine Hecke algebras of type $A$. We then develop several applications of this result. In particular, the simple modules of the affine Yokonuma-Hecke algebra and of its associated cyclotomic algebra are classified over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ when $p$ does not divide $r$. The modular branching rules for these algebras are obtained, and they are further identified with crystal graphs of integrable modules for quantum affine algebras.

Field of study: Mathematics
Perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics are closely involved in the progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD). The preservation of functional mitochondria during toxic alcohol insults is essential for cell survival and is maintained by key processes known as mitochondrial dynamics, including fragmentation and fusion, which are regulated by mitochondria-shaping proteins (MSP). We have shown mitochondrial dynamics to be distorted by alcohol in cellular and animal models, but the effect in humans remains unknown.



Hepatic gene expression of the main MSP involved in the mitochondrial fusion and fragmentation pathways was evaluated in patients with alcoholic hepatitis by DNA microarray (n=15) and RT-PCR (n=32). The activation of Dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1) was also investigated in mitochondria isolated from liver biopsies of ALD patients (n=8). The effects of alcohol on mitochondrial dynamics and on MSP protein expression were studied in human precision cut liver slices (PCLS) exposed for 24 hours to increasing doses of ethanol (50-250mM).



A profound hyperactivation of the fragmentation pathway was observed in alcoholic hepatitis patients, with a significant increase in the expression of Drp1 and its adapters/receptors. The translocation of Drp1 to the mitochondria was also induced in patients with severe ALD and was affected in the PCLS with short-term exposure to ethanol but only mildly. The fusion pathway was not altered in ALD and this was confirmed in the PCLS model.



The present study reveals the role of mitochondrial dynamics in human ALD, confirming our previous observations in animal and cell culture models of ALD. Taken together, we show that alcohol has a significant impact on the fragmentation pathway, and we confirm Drp1 as a potential therapeutic target in severe ALD.

Field of study: Medicine
2,2,3,3-Tetracyano-7,8-dithiabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Structural studies

Abstract2,2,3,3-Tetracyano-7,8-dithiabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes were formed in the reaction of dithiocarboxyclic acid allyl and cinnamyl esters with tetracyanoethylene, and their structure was determined by a number of physico-chemical methods, including x-ray structural study.

Field of study: Chemistry
Use of ethylenediurea (EDU) to ameliorate ozone effects on purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea).

Purple coneflower plants (Echinacea purpurea) were placed into open-top chambers (OTCs) for 6 and 12 weeks in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) or twice-ambient (2x) ozone (O3) in 2003, and to CF, 2x or non-filtered (NF), ambient air in 2004. Plants were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) weekly as a foliar spray. Foliar symptoms were observed in >95% of the plants in 2x-treated OTCs in both years. Above-ground biomass was not affected by 2x treatments in 2003, but root and total-plant biomass decreased in 2004. As a result of higher concentrations of select cell wall constituents (% ADF, NDF and lignin) nutritive quality was lower for plants exposed to 2x-O3 in 2003 and 2004 (26% and 17%, respectively). Significant EDU x O3 interactions for concentrations of cell wall constituents in 2003 indicated that EDU ameliorated O3 effects on nutritive quality. Interactions observed in 2004 were inconsistent.

Field of study: Environmental science
East-west extension and Miocene environmental change in the southern Tibetan plateau: Thakkhola graben, central Nepal

East-west extensional basins are distributed across the southern half of the Tibetan plateau at an elevation of ∼4 km. These basins have generated much interest because of their potential implications for the regional tectonics and force distribution in the plateau. This study documents the sedimentology of the Miocene–Pliocene Thakkhola graben fill in order to reconstruct basin evolution and paleoenvironment. Analysis of depositional systems, paleodrainage patterns, and conglomerate clast provenance of the >1-km-thick graben fill sets limits on the timing of activity of the basin-bounding faults and the development of southward axial drainage in the basin. During the deposition of the oldest basin fill (Tetang Formation, ca. 11–9.6 Ma), probably in a restricted basin, minor motion occurred on the basin-bounding fault systems. An angular unconformity separates the Tetang and overlying Thakkhola Formations, where this contact can be observed in the southern part of the basin. Southward axial drainage was established by ca. 7 Ma with the onset of deposition of the Thakkhola Formation. Several episodes of damming of this drainage system are recorded by widespread lacustrine deposits in the southern part of the basin. Facies distribution and the progressive rotation of strata in the Thakkhola Formation indicate that the Dangardzong fault on the western edge of the basin was active at this time, and drainage ponding may have been related to displacement on normal faults associated with the South Tibetan detachment system to the south of Thakkhola graben. Contrasts between deposits of the Tetang and Thakkhola Formations provide evidence for environmental change in the basin. In the Tetang Formation, the abundance of lacustrine facies, the pollen record, and the absence of paleosol carbonate suggest that conditions were more humid than during subsequent deposition of the Thakkhola Formation. Environmental change in the Thakkhola graben coincided with environmental change observed in the Siwalik foreland basin sequence, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal at ca. 8–7 Ma. Although this climate change event has been previously attributed to intensification of the Asian monsoon in response to uplift of the Tibetan plateau, paleoaltimetry data indicate that this region had already attained a high elevation by ca. 11 Ma. Thus, the Thakkhola graben stratigraphic record suggests that uplift of the southern Tibetan plateau and the onset of the Asian monsoon as inferred from paleoclimatic indicators were not directly related in a simple way.

Field of study: Geology
Signal Processing for the NaI(Tl) Crystal Box Detector at LAMPF

A large aperture, modular NaI(Tl) detector, the Crystal Box, with 396 independent crystal modules is now in operation at LAMPF. Electronics matched to the excellent energy and time resolutions provided by this detector for y rays and electrons has been built and tested, and is described in this paper. Included are base circuit design, photomultiplier (PMT) signal distribution, energy and time measurement, provision of logic signals, and the control of data acquisition and preliminary data processing by a group of small computers.

Field of study: Physics
Intercepted Correspondence of William Penn, 1670

William "Penn^ 1670 In connection with the recent William Penn Tercentenary I learned by chance of some letters addressed to Penn in the Public Record Office, London, and secured photostats of them which are here transcribed and published. They do not appear to have been used by his biographers and they were not included in the Extracts from State "Papers Inflating to Friends 1654-1672  Supplements 8-11, 1913), though that volume has some other Penn items, notably his letter from the Tower to Lord Arlington in a form more original and much longer than the printed edition.1 Like various other Quaker letters in that volume these have been apparently intercepted by the censor. The young Penn was obviously suspect, and one of the letters, that from Philip Ford, with its reference to Friends' meetings held or to be held and to the shipment of Quaker books from Cork to Bristol, evidently aroused enough suspicion to be filed with a pr?cis endorsed by Secretary of State Sir Joseph Williamson. Otherwise the letters are inoffensive enough, purely personal, and with all their variety are of no small interest to the student of Penn or of early Quakerism. The letters all date from July or August, 1670, and hence belong to an important period of Penn's life and near other well-known episodes. Except the last they are addressed to him in Ireland, and should be studied with the Irish Journal2 in which he records his every day's doings from October 23, 1669, when he sailed from

Field of study: History
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY UTILIZED IN NATURAL GAS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

With large increases in natural gas reserves proven worldwide, it can be expected that natural gas will play an increasingly important role in energy and chemicals supplies in the 21st century. Methane is used as a fuel for industrial and residential heating, However, much more methane is produced than is required for this purpose and it may be commercially advantageous to convert methane into industrial chemicals. Selective activation of C-H bonds has been the goal of researchers in heterogeneous and homogenous catalysis for over 50 years. Selective reaction of saturated hydrocarbons like methane is difficult due to the similar high dissociation energy of activation. Plasma chemical processing is a promising route for synthesis of chemicals that have high activation energies, because very high energy can be supplied to the plasma and many kinds of reactive particles, electrons, free radicals, ions metastable species and photons, are produced in a plasma chemical processing system. This paper reviews the general situation on the thermal plasma decomposition of methane into acetylene,cold plasma catalytic conversion of methane into C 2, methanol and formaldehyde etc. The cold plasma utilized natural gas chemical engineering is discussed from process, reactor, concerted catalysis, reaction mechanisms and reaction dynamics in detail. However, the elucidation of the reaction mechanisms of reactions in the plasma is largely impeded due to the complex nature. Among all of the plasma generated species, free species are believed to be most important for chemical reactions. Extensive research has to be done in order to reasonably understand the elementary reactions.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
SU-E-T-205: Development of Institutional Consistency Metrics for the Prevention of Injurious and Reportable Radiation Delivery Errors.

Radiotherapy treatment techniques are too complex for humans to assess the reasonableness of machine settings. Contrary to conventional wisdom, generalized logical tests, such as comparison to institutional norms, can be applied to patient-specific machine settings. Such tests can be automatically applied to machine settings immediately prior to the point of treatment delivery and have a powerful potential to reveal and prevent potentially injurious errors.



We tested two consistency metrics, one each for conventional (Mc,conv) and IMRT (Mc, IMRT) treatments. The metrics assess the weighted, total number of monitor units in a proposed treatment. Refinement of the IMRT metric was tested for the larynx category and incorporated an optimized exponential. The performance of Mc,conv was tested using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis. A deviation of > 2σ was flagged as an error by the metric, and ground truth was determined by full dose calculation, with either 20% or 5% dose thresholds considered indications of significant errors. The ROC analysis was performed for purely dosimetric errors, as well as for a cadre of dosimetric and geometric errors.



The standard deviations in the metrics used for conventional and step-and-shoot IMRT treatments are less than 13%, and 17%, respectively. The optimized exponential in the IMRT metric reduced the standard deviation of the larynx population from 14 % to 6 %, thus improving the predictive power of the metric. ROC analysis indicates that the metrics sensitivity to dosimetric errors is strong at both the 20% and 5% dose threshold levels. Even when geometric errors are included, the metric retains good predictive power for maximum dose.



Comparison of patient-specific treatment delivery parameters to institutional norms can reveal dosimetric errors of less than 20%. These methods have the potential to prevent potentially injurious radiation therapy errors from propagating to treatment. Varian Corporation research grant.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Short Lattice-based One-out-of-Many Proofs and Applications to Ring Signatures

In this work, we construct a short one-out-of-many proof from (module) lattices, allowing one to prove knowledge of a secret associated with one of the public values in a set. The proof system builds on a combination of ideas from the efficient proposals in the discrete logarithm setting by Groth and Kohlweiss (EUROCRYPT ’15) and Bootle et al. (ESORICS ’15), can have logarithmic communication complexity in the set size and does not require a trusted setup.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF LATTICED CIRCULAR TUBES REINFORCED CONCRETE T-SHAPED COLUMNS

Special-shaped column structures might improve residential architectural space effectively,compared with traditional frame structures.However,the widespread special-shaped reinforced concrete(RC) columns present insufficient aseismic behavior with a high axial load ratio and sensitivity to the horizontal loading direction,and have strict limitations in aseismic behaviors,in respect to applicable building height and aseismic fortification intensity,which hampers further generalization and application of special-shaped columns in a high aseismic fortification zone.Special-shaped steel reinforced concrete(SRC) columns behave advantages on the aseismic behaviors over special-shaped RC columns.A kind of T-shaped steel reinforced concrete column with latticed steel tubes in the sectional branch components is introduced.Three series of experimental investigations on the axial,eccentric and hysteretic properties of the columns were conducted.Failure modes and mechanical properties of the specimens were investigated,and the mechanisms of the latticed steel tubes and their improvement for concrete failure mode were also studied.Experimental results reveal that: the tube skeleton bears load as integrity,restricts the bond-slip between the concrete and latticed tubes,and postpones the concrete damage to a certain extent.Compared with the RC columns,the SRC columns present enhancement in resistance and ductility under axial or eccentric loads,and improvement in resistance and energy dissipation capacity under hysteretic loads.

Field of study: Engineering
Philanthropic Classism: Americanization as a Controversial Rite of Passage in Anzia Yezierska’s Fiction

At the turn of the nineteenth century, eastern European Jewish families migrated to America aspiring to fulfil the discourses of upward mobility and religious tolerance widely spread throughout their Russian villages. The Polish-born American writer Anzia Yezierska offers unique sketches of what became one of the most controversial experiences of such a journey: the cultural clash between the already Americanized German Jewish elite and the newly-arrived Russian Jewish women. To gain access to the public space, Yezierska’s characters seek social acknowledgement by going through a rite of passage surveilled by German Jewish ladies, who had formerly arrived in the United States. Although the process of Americanization becomes apparently attainable through American philanthropic programs and charity institutions, Yezierska shows how their Americanizing strategies and the models of America n femininity advertised in the period eventually failed to succeed. By developing a hybrid identity, Russian Jewish characters manage to legitimate their cultural differences inside the urban public spaces and beyond the Lower East Side context.  A finales del siglo XIX, las mujeres inmigrantes judias provenientes de Europa del este dirigieron sus destinos hacia Estados Unidos tras recibir la influencia de los discursos de ascenso social y tolerancia religiosa difundidos a lo largo de las poblaciones rusas. Perteneciente a la segunda ola masiva migratoria hacia Estados Unidos la autora polaco-americana Anzia Yezierska rescata en su obra literaria fragmentos de uno de los dilemas mas controvertidos de su viaje: el choque cultural entre la elite alemana judia ya americanizada y las mujeres judias recien llegadas desde Rusia. Para acceder al espacio publico, sus personajes buscan el reconocimiento social a traves de un ritual iniciatico supervisado por las mujeres judias alemanas de mayor rango social, que habian migrado a Estados Unidos decadas antes. Aunque el proceso de americanizacion parece alcanzable a traves de sus programas filantropicos y las instituciones de caridad que regentan, Yezierska muestra como sus estrategias de americanizacion y los modelos de feminidad estadounidense finalmente fracasan. Las protagonistas encontraran su diferencia cultural legitimada en el espacio publico gracias a una identidad hibrida que les permitira sobrepasar los limites del gueto neoyorquino del Lower East Side.

Field of study: History