nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sociabilidad en Buenos Aires: Hombres, honor y cafes, 1862-1910 (review)

age in 1970 and left his post as army chief of staff after the first meeting of the Commission. Thus “it was never quite clear where the Grupo da Situação (the military side of the Commission) fit into the nebulous web of the Medici administration nor to what extent it represented the president” (p. 96). Indeed Candido Mendes, in an interview with the author, argued that “Muricy’s effectiveness was reduced because he had lost power upon retirement and therefore was not an ‘insider’ in the Medici government” (p. 97). Dom Eugênio likewise questioned the influence of the Commission vis-à-vis President Medici, and Serbin even notes that Muricy himself was unsure about the status and influence of the Commission. The author does provide a few specific examples of how the Bipartite dialogue led directly to the release of Catholic activists imprisoned by the regime. And yet, elsewhere in the book (pp. 106–12) he suggests that a principal goal of the military was to use the Commission to collect intelligence on Catholic leaders. As such, Serbin is left largely with the negative (and unverifiable) thesis that refusing “dialogue would have further increased tensions and sharply reduced the possibilities of mutual understanding and protection of human rights” (pp. 9–10). After all, the meetings were secret, and there is precious little evidence of Muricy’s ability to influence policymakers above him. Serbin writes well, and his book sparkles when he describes the little-known episode of the military’s torture and murder of four of its own soldiers in Barra Mansa in early 1972. In this case, he does succeed in demonstrating that pressure from the Bipartite Commission in part forced authorities to denounce the affair in public. His prose also presents deftly the larger narrative history of churchstate relations in Brazil, and the church’s public campaign against repression in the mid-1970s. Unfortunately, his prose alone cannot prove that the study of the Bipartite Commission is necessary for understanding this period of Brazilian history.

Field of study: History
Screening of Bacillus Natto for high efficient degradation of crude protein in corn gluten meal

Bacillus natto was mutagenized with ultraviolet, the plus -mutant NP -4 -170 was obtained by screening with transparent zone method and shaking culture method. Compared with the original strain, the ability of degradation of crude protein in corn gluten meal of the mutant NP-4-170 increased by 2.66%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Synthesis and 1H NMR Spectral Behavior of a Methano[20]annulenedione Derivative

A potential 18π-electron system, 11,16-dimethyl-12,14-bisdehydro-1,6-methano[20]annulene-7,20-dione was synthesized and its 1H NMR spectral behavior in CDCl3, CF3CO2D, and D2SO4 was studied. The energy barrier to the methylene flipping was highly dependent on the medium.

Field of study: Chemistry
Leukoma antiqua (Bivalvia) - A high-resolution marine paleoclimate archive for southern South America?

The Patagonian Sea in the SW Atlantic is one of the most productive marine ecosystems worldwide. Besides its economic relevance, this shelf sea serves as a major sink for atmospheric CO2 and thus plays a major role in global climate. Despite that, the marine climate dynamics in that region remain barely known. Instrumental records only cover the last 30 years or so and high-resolution climate archives are currently not available. Here, we explore the possibility to obtain seasonally to inter-annually resolved paleotemperature data from shells of the bivalve mollusk, Leukoma antiqua collected alive from the shallow subtidal zone of the San Jorge Gulf. Results demonstrate that this species grows during summer and – at least at slow rate – during winter at this locality and records nearly the full seasonal temperature amplitude (monthly averages) in the form of δ18Oshell. Furthermore, isotope-based climate reconstructions will be limited to the first 15 years of life, because growth rates are sharply reduced afterward which aggravates sampling. The oldest studied specimen attained an age of 34 years. Annual, fortnightly and lunar daily increments can potentially be used to determine the timing and rate of seasonal shell growth and help placing the shell record into precise temporal context. However, due to interferences with the shell microstructure, sub-annual growth patterns were only occasionally well developed. In this study, the temporal alignment of the growth record was therefore largely achieved by forcing Tδ18O to match the shape of the instrumental temperature curve. In some years it was possible to validate such temporal alignments with fortnight increments. Shell growth rate is strongly linked to primary production which attains a maximum in spring. For yet unexplained reasons, shell formation occurs with an offset of almost −1‰ (−0.9 ± 0.3‰) from expected oxygen isotopic equilibrium with the ambient water. When this offset is adjusted for, δ18Oshell can be used to compute past water temperature. Given the individual variability regarding δ18Oshell, it is advised to study a sufficient number coeval specimens to obtain more reliable information on the seasonal temperature range. Presumably, the overall life history and the isotopic offset is similar for L. antiqua specimens at other localities in southern South America. Since L. antiqua not only dominates modern nearshore benthic assemblages, but also occurs abundantly in Quaternary deposits along the Argentine Patagonian coast, this species can significantly contribute to a better understanding of natural baseline conditions and past climate dynamics in southern South America.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Performance Optimization of Mashup Through Data Flow Transformation

Mashup is a new kind of web2.0 applications created by aggregating and manipulating data from several web data sources.Mashup tools usually support visually designing data flows to create mashup.Because mashup developers are of varying degrees of technical expertise,the data flows may be of high cost because of inefficient design.This will definitely increase the response time and impair the QoS of mashup.In this paper,we target on enhancing the performance of mashup base on data flow transformation techniques such as operator merging,operator swapping,and operator parallelism.A new optimization method is presented for mashup,which models a mashup as a data flow graph,annotates operation semantics features and cost model for mashup component,generates semantics equivalent data flows by transforming rules and construct a partially ordered diagram based on the cost of these data flows for quickly optimal selection.Key implementation techniques are provided and efficiency improvement of mashup is demonstrated by experiments.

Field of study: Computer science
Shaping “Ears” in Planetary Nebulae by Early Jets

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical numerical simulations of planetary nebula (PN) shaping and show that jets that precede the ejection of the main PN shell can form the morphological feature of ears. Ears are two opposite protrusions from the main nebula that are smaller than the main nebula and with a cross section that decreases monotonically from the base of an ear at the shell to its far end. Only a very small fraction of PNe have ears. The short-lived jets, about a year in the present simulations, interact with the regular asymptotic giant branch wind to form the ears, while the later blown dense wind forms the main PN dense shell. Namely, the jets are older than the main PN shell. We also find that for the jets to inflate ears they cannot be too energetic, cannot be too wide, and cannot be too slow. A flow structure where short-lived jets precede the main phase of nebula ejection by a few years or less can result from a system that enters a common envelope evolution. The low mass companion accretes mass through an accretion disk and launches jets just before it enters the envelope of the giant progenitor star of the PN. Shortly after that the companion enters the envelope and spirals-in to eject the envelope that forms the main PN shell.

Field of study: Physics
Science and Human Behavior, dualism, and conceptual modification.

Skinner's Science and Human Behavior is in part an attempt to solve psychology's problem with mind-body dualism by revising our everyday mentalistic conceptual scheme. In the case of descriptive mentalism (the use of mentalistic terms to describe behavior), Skinner offers behavioral "translations." In contrast, Skinner rejects explanatory mentalism (the use of mental concepts to explain behavior) and suggests how to replace it with a behaviorist explanatory framework. For experiential mentalism, Skinner presents a theory of verbal behavior that integrates the use of mentalistic language in first-person reports of phenomenal experience into a scientific framework.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
4,4-Dimethyl-A-homoandrostane derivatives

5dealt with preparation and conformational properties of some A-homocholestane derivatives. In the course of the continuing work we be­ came interested in potential pharmacodynamic activity of compounds possessing a modified A-homo-androstane skeleton and we therefore prepared a series of com­ pounds derived from 4,4-dimethyl-A-homo-4a-androsten-3-one and 4,4-dimethyl­ -A-homo-S~androsten-3-one. 17~-Benzoyloxy-4-androsten-3-one 6 • 7 (I) was treated with diazomethane to give the A-homo derivative II in 35% yield. Mass spectrum of the benzoate II proved the molecular weight 406 as required by the formula C27H 340 3 • The infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic data showed the compound II to be a non-conjugated ketone and suggested thus the structure of 17~-benzoyloxy-A-homo-4a-androst en-3-one.

Field of study: Chemistry
Novice Teachers’ Well-Being at Work

Teachers’ first year at work after graduating is known to be challenging as the new teachers are developing their professionalism and finding their personal teaching styles. The purpose of this study was to analyze teachers’ well-being at work during their first work year; which factors strengthen and reduce their well-being. In addition, teachers’ perceptions of the connection between teacher education and well-being at work were studied.  This was a qualitative study and the data were obtained with the method of empathy-based stories (MES). Two frame stories were utilized for data collection. The research participants consisted of teachers (N = 14) who had worked from 1 to 4 years as classroom teachers. The data were analyzed with the content analysis methods.  Based on the results, the colleagues’ support and work community impacted the teachers’ well-being. Other important factors strengthening well-being were co-operation with parents and the size and features of the classroom. Successful teaching experiences also strengthened well-being. Well-being was weakened by difficulties in group management and school practices as well as the teachers’ fatigue. Pedagogical skills and abilities to develop one’s work provided by teacher education were seen to strengthen well-being.  The findings suggest that despite the teaching task, more preparation is needed to teachers’ other tasks too. Furthermore, teachers need support to build a more realistic work role and professional identity. Measures to support transition to work should be developed.  10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p177

Field of study: Education, Sociology
An optimal recovery approach to interpolation

A filter class is defined as a ball in an inner product space, and some standard results on inner product spaces are applied to filter classes. The filter design problem is addressed. The theory of optimal recovery is reviewed, and the interpolation problem is examined within an optimal recovery context. It is shown that the interpolation problem can be reduced to studying a hypercircle in an inner product space. The notion of the Chebyshev center of a set is introduced, and it is noted that the solution to the interpolation problem, from the optimal recovery viewpoint, is to find the Chebyshev center of the hypercircle. The interpolation filter is then the operator that transforms the vector of known samples into the center of the hypercircle. Some auxiliary results such as the linearity and time invariance of the interpolation filter are deduced. It is then shown that the estimation of an unknown sample is the same as the problem of approximating the representer of the unknown sample by a linear combination of the representers of the known samples. Hence the interpolation problem is equivalent to minimizing the L/sup 2/ norm of the error frequency response, from the filter design point of view.

Field of study: Engineering
Reconstructing gene trees from Fitch’s xenology relation

Two genes are xenologs in the sense of Fitch if they are separated by at least one horizontal gene transfer event. Horizonal gene transfer is asymmetric in the sense that the transferred copy is distinguished from the one that remains within the ancestral lineage. Hence xenology is more precisely thought of as a non-symmetric relation: y is xenologous to x if y has been horizontally transferred at least once since it diverged from the least common ancestor of x and y. We show that xenology relations are characterized by a small set of forbidden induced subgraphs on three vertices. Furthermore, each xenology relation can be derived from a unique least-resolved edge-labeled phylogenetic tree. We provide a linear-time algorithm for the recognition of xenology relations and for the construction of its least-resolved edge-labeled phylogenetic tree. The fact that being a xenology relation is a heritable graph property, finally has far-reaching consequences on approximation problems associated with xenology relations.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
A-DECS: Enhanced collaborative edge-edge data storage service for edge computing with adaptive prediction

Due to the rapid development of IoT and 5G technologies, end-users of the Internet are generating a sea of data, which burdens the cloud cores and data centers. The urgent traffic demand causes a bad quality of experience in the traditional reactive networks. With the improvement of hardware, the edge of the Internet can share some responsibility for cloud servers. In small-scale scenarios, offload computing and storage tasks to edge nodes can help improve the user experience and utilize resources of the edge network. In this paper, we propose a collaborative edge-edge data storage service with adaptive prediction called A-DECS based on our previous work DECS (Zhou and Chen, 2020) in local area scenarios. It manages nodes in the edge network and fully utilizes the limited resources in the cluster. A-DECS picks the most appropriate node to offload tasks. It can also proactively replicate popular data and generate forwarding rules in advance. A-DECS can reduce the read latency of cold-start and sudden peak flow situations. We compare it to state-of-the-art research. This experiment result proves that A-DECS is more suitable for edge clusters due to its lower latency and better resource utilization.

Field of study: Computer science
Genetic diversity of symbiotic Paraburkholderia species isolated from nodules of Mimosa pudica (L.) and Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) grown in soils of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica).

Some species of the genus Paraburkholderia that are able to nodulate and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes are called β-rhizobia and represent a group of ecological and biotechnological importance. We used Mimosa pudica and Phaseolus vulgaris to trap 427 rhizobial isolates from rhizospheric soil of Mimoseae trees in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Eighty-four representative strains were selected according to the 16S rRNA haplotypes and taxonomically characterized using a concatenated 16S rRNA-recA phylogeny. Most strains were assembled in the genus Paraburkholderia, including Paraburkholderia sabiae and Pa. nodosa. Mesorhizobium (α-rhizobia) and Cupriavidus (β-rhizobia) were also isolated, but in smaller proportions. Multilocus sequence analysis and BOX-PCR analyses indicated that six clusters of Paraburkholderia represent potential new species. In the phylogenetic analysis of the nodC gene, the majority of the strains were positioned in the same groups as in the 16S rRNA-recA tree, indicative of stability and vertical inheritance, but we also identified horizontal transfer of nodC in Pa. sabiae. All α- and β-rhizobial species were trapped by both legumes, although preferences of the host plants for specific rhizobial species have been observed.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
PRECAMBRIAN CLASSIFICATION AND CORRELATION IN THE CANADIAN SHIELD

Grout et al. (1951) concluded that the Precambrian formations of Minnesota were deposited during three eras which they named Earlier, Medial, and Later; and James (1955) proposed Lower, Middle, and Upper divisions for the Precambrian of northern Michigan. These threefold classifications apparently are meant to replace the dual classification so long in use in the Lake Superior region and although possibly not so intended imply by the use of the word Precambrian that they are applicable to the whole Canadian Shield. Although there is much too little information as yet for certainty, probably not more than one recognizable major unconformity is sufficiently extensive in the shield to permit the division of Precambrian time into more than two eras by means of stratigraphical investigation. Only a tentative dual classification of the rocks of the shield according to their relationship to the great unconformity beneath the (Huronian) Cobalt Series on Lake Timiskaming has been attempted. Formations beneath this unconformity in the Timiskaming and Grenville subprovinces and less positively in the north or northwest subprovince are classed as Archean (Early Precambrian), those above as Proterozoic (Late Precambrian). Rocks in the northern part of the shield are either assigned on lithological and structural evidence to the Archean or Proterozoic or are unclassified under the designation Archean and/or Proterozoic. In places, the Archean classification of formations has been confirmed by physicochemical age determinations of minerals. The Canadian Shield is divided by geographical and geological barriers into provinces and subprovinces. The subprovinces delimit the territory to which direct serial correlations can be extended with reasonable certainty. At the present the use of most serial names in more than one subprovince isunwarranted.

Field of study: Geology
Relationship between cerebral blood flow and the development of swelling and life-threatening herniation in acute ischemic stroke.

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to determine whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements in acute stroke could be correlated with the subsequent development of cerebral edema and life-threatening brain herniation.



Twenty patients with aggressively managed acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory strokes who underwent xenon-enhanced computerized tomography (Xe-CT) CBF scanning within 6 hours of onset of symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship among CBF and follow-up CT evidence of edema and clinical evidence of brain herniation during the 36 to 96 hours following stroke onset was analyzed. Initial CT scans displayed abnormal findings in 11 patients (55%), whereas the Xe-CT CBF scans showed abnormal findings in all patients (100%). The mean CBF in the symptomatic MCA territory was 10.4 ml/100 g/minute in patients who developed severe edema compared with 19 ml/100 g/minute in patients who developed mild edema (p < 0.05). The mean CBF in the symptomatic MCA territory was 8.6 ml/100 g/minute in patients who developed clinical brain herniation compared with 18 ml/100 g/minute in those who did not (p < 0.01). The mean CBF in the symptomatic MCA territory that was 15 ml/100 g/minute or lower was significantly associated with the development of severe edema and herniation (p < 0.05).



Within 6 hours of acute MCA territory stroke, Xe-CT CBF measurements can be used to predict the subsequent development of severe edema and progression to clinical life-threatening brain herniation. Early knowledge of the anatomical and clinical sequelae of stroke in the acute phase may aid in the triage of such patients and alert physicians to the potential need for more aggressive medical or neurosurgical intervention.

Field of study: Medicine
RETHINKING AGENCY THEORY IN COMPANIES WITH CONCENTRATED OWNERSHIP

This article aims to provide a commentary on the need of alternative theories on corporate governance in companies with concentrated ownership with the aim to identify the gap in this field. The main argument of the article is that concentrated ownerhip gives rise to agency problems when a manager who has superior information acts on behalf of a group of shareholders and neglecting the others. Thus, this kind of agency conflicts require different solutions from conflicts that appear in dispersed ownership. Since the agency conflicts in concentrated ownership renders the assumption that concentrated ownership reduces agency conflicts ineffective, it is neccessary to employ alternative theories to better understand agency conflicts in these companies.

Field of study: Business
The Mason-Dixon Survey at 250 Years: Recent Investigations

The year 2013 marked the 250th anniversary of the 1763 start to the iconic land survey by Jeremiah Dixon and Charles Mason. This survey culminated in the border along the southern edge of Pennsylvania, now known as the Mason-Dixon Line. There has been little to report in the way of new information about the Mason-Dixon Survey—that is, until recently, when the exact location of the first survey point was re-established. Research involving the original 1700s property deeds, insurance surveys, journal entries by Charles Mason, and City of Philadelphia Commissioners Reports, along with modern re-surveying of the area by professional surveyors, mathematical calculations by these same surveyors, and global positioning satellite (GPS) technology, combined to allow the recovery of the first survey point calculated by Mason and Dixon. It was from this point that they proceeded to establish the Mason-Dixon Survey.

Field of study: History
Tunneling characteristics of graphene

Negative differential conductance and tunneling characteristics of two-terminal graphene devices are observed before and after electric breakdown, respectively. The former is caused by the strong scattering under a high E-field, and the latter is due to the appearance of a tunneling barrier in graphene channel induced by a structural transformation from crystalline graphene to disordered graphene because of the breakdown. Using Raman spectroscopy and imaging, the presence of nonuniform disordered graphene is confirmed. A memory switching effect of 100 000% ON/OFF ratio is demonstrated in the tunneling regime, which can be employed in various applications.

Field of study: Physics
Two-sided filters for frame-based prediction

A linear prediction model, based on a two-sided predictor which predicts on the basis of past and future samples within a frame, is presented. The linear prediction model may be applied wherever frame-based prediction is used. A stable synthesis procedure is derived by casting the prediction equation as a cyclic convolution in the time domain. When the filter order is the maximum possible, the synthesis filter is shown to have a frequency response proportional to the squared magnitude of the DFT of the frame. A symmetric two-sided predictor which has only half the number of coefficients to be coded as compared to a one-sided predictor of the same order is described. Two-sided prediction showed at least 5-dB improvement in prediction gain over one-sided prediction in simulations on speech data.

Field of study: Engineering