nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spatial Communication Model for Ubiquitous Computing Services

The paper presents an approach for location-aware communications in ubiquitous computing environments. It is constructed on a symbolic location model, which links everyday objects, including non-smart objects and places, with counterpart objects, which are executable software components that are dynamically organized like a tree based on geographical containment, such as in a user-room-floor-building hierarchy. The approach enables physical entities and places to communicate with one another through their counterpart objects, even when the entities and places are not smart. It supports a mechanism to detect objects and communicate with them according to their locations. This paper presents the design for the approach and describes an implementation of it

Field of study: Computer science
Surface acoustic wave unidirectional transducers for quantum applications

The conversion efficiency of electric microwave signals into surface acoustic waves in different types of superconducting transducers is studied with the aim of quantum applications. We compare delay lines containing either conventional symmetric transducers (IDTs) or unidirectional transducers (UDTs) at 2.3 GHz and 10 mK. The UDT delay lines improve the insertion loss with 4.7 dB and a directivity of 22 dB is found for each UDT, indicating that 99.4% of the acoustic power goes in the desired direction. The power lost in the undesired direction accounts for more than 90% of the total loss in IDT delay lines, but only ?3% of the total loss in the floating electrode unidirectional transducer delay lines.

Field of study: Physics
Hydroformylation of 1-Hexene over Rhodium Supported on Active Carbon Catalyst

Hydroformylation of 1-hexene on rhodium catalyst was studied under mild reaction conditions (P=3.0 MPa, CO/H2 = 1/1, T=403 K). Its hydroformylation performances were investigated in a variety of solvent. It was found that the excellent activity for the heterogeneous catalyst was showed in the n-octane solvent, while poor activity in the alcoholic and H2O solvent.

Field of study: Chemistry
The Biodiversity Promotion Areas: effectiveness of agricultural direct payments on plant diversity conservation in the semi-natural grasslands of the Southern Swiss Alps

An agro-environmental payment for the management of the so-called ‘Biodiversity Promotion Areas’ (BPA) has been used to accomplish biodiversity conservation goals in Switzerland. These areas have been managed according to specific limitations on mowing dates and fertilizers. We assessed the regional-scale effectiveness of BPA implementation within Ticino Canton by answering the following questions: (i) is plant species diversity higher in BPA than in conventionally managed grasslands (CMG)? (ii) which are the differences between BPA and CMG in terms of climatic, topographical, ecological, and vegetation variables? (iii) which vegetation types, functional groups, and plant species are specifically related to BPA? A total of 242 vegetation surveys (64 in BPA and 178 in CMG, respectively) was carried out in 55 farms and the main climatic and topographic features were assessed. Differences in terms of plant diversity, ecological indicator and pastoral values, species functional groups, vegetation types, and indicator species between BPA and CMG were assessed. The BPA harboured a higher plant diversity. They were located in steeper areas, at higher elevations, and characterised by lower soil nutrient content, mowing tolerance, and pastoral value than CMG. Dry meadow species number and cover were higher in BPA, while nutrient-rich meadow species number was higher in CMG. The species associated to BPA belonged to a wider range of functional groups and 38% of them belonged to the national list for biodiversity promotion in agriculture, whereas no species associated to CMG belonged to that list. Thus, our results confirmed the effectiveness of BPA for biodiversity conservation for the Southern Swiss Alps.

Field of study: Environmental science
Can Identity Conflicts Impede the Success of Ethnic Minority Students? Consequences of Discrepancies Between Ethnic and Ideal Selves

Because of stigma and underrepresentation, many ethnic minority students may find it difficult to align their ethnicities with their ideal selves. However, these difficulties and their potential consequences have been empirically neglected. To inform this gap in the literature, we propose that the novel concept of ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies (i.e., perceived mismatches between who a person aspires to be and this person’s conception of their ethnic self) is associated with the academic outcomes of ethnic minority students. As hypothesized, large ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies predict high academic disengagement, according to cross-sectional data from Study 1 (n = 147) and Study 2 (n = 105), as well as high academic disengagement 2 months later according to half-longitudinal data from Study 2 (n = 78). In Study 3 (n = 99), ethnic minority students experimentally induced to perceive high ethnic/ideal self-discrepancies reported significantly higher academic disengagement than ethnic minority students in a low discrepancy condition.

Field of study: Psychology
Palaeoenvironments and evolution of the upper Maastrichtian platform in the Betic continental margin, SE Spain

In the Betic passive margin (SE Iberia) the latest Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) was a period of great tectonic activity that resulted in the reactivation of major NE-SW trending listric faults. In this unstable setting, a narrow (tens of km wide) but long (hundred of kilometres) mixed carbonate-siliciclastic platform developed over a “middle” Maastrichtian tectonically-induced unconformity. The environments developed in this platform and the changes they underwent during its evolution are interpreted and their facies and biotic associations described. These environments include: (1) the coastal lakes, which formed freshwater to hyposaline, shallow lacustrine systems; (2) the tidal flats, developed in a narrow coastal area under conditions of low turbulence and high freshwater influence; (3) the lagoon, characterized by normal marine salinity and by a variety of subenvironments, including radiolitid patches; (4) the platform edge, the dominant features of which developed under high-energy conditions, varying from mainly siliciclastic shoals to carbonate reef complexes, depending on the terrigenous influx; (5) the mid platform, corresponding to the shallower areas below fair-weather wave base, in which the fossil assemblages are still dominated by benthic forms; and (6) the outer platform, characterized by hemipelagic sedimentation. The evolutionary history of the platform comprises four main successive episodes: (1) Installation of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp, after an initial rapid transgressive event; (2) Evolution of the mixed ramp into an incipient rimmed carbonate shelf, induced by the accretion of the edge of the platform during an aggradational-progradational episode; (3) Interruption of the platform's evolution by a regional tectonic event that caused a minor transgressive pulse accompanied by a new arrival of abundant terrigenous material into the platform; (4) Reconstruction of the carbonate platform during a second progradational-aggradational episode. The end of the platform was controlled by the latest Maastrichtian regional tectonic event that caused strong changes in the palaeogeography and in the basinal configuration.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
243 : Evaluation of the neonatal cytokine response: Basic mechanisms of activation via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in monocytes from term and preterm healthy newborns

The immaturity of the neonatal immune system has been suggested as the underlying factor for the susceptibility to infections. An efficient neonatal T-cell response requires the activation of antigen-presenting cells, which is triggered upon Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation. The aim is to evaluate the response of monocytes from umbilical cord blood of healthy adequate-for-gestational-age term and preterm newborns, after ex-vivo TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulation. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) from preterm

Field of study: Medicine
Effect of additives in soup on improving the quality of fried-free instant noodle

Fried-free instant noodle was dehydrated by hot air after steaming. The products have inferior property of rehydration and taste, because of the close-grained texture. The effects of emulsifiers and thickeners in soup on improving the quality of fried-free instant noodle were studied, and the optimum mixed improver was obtained by orthogonal design method. By using it, the time of rehydration was obviously shortened, the soup was thickening and the quality of noodle was improved.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
CD4 Count and Physical Symptoms Among Urban African American Mothers with HIV: An Examination of the Role of Optimism and Depressive Symptoms

The current study examined the link between immune functioning (CD4 count) and physical symptoms, as well as the moderating role of optimism and depressive symptoms, in a sample of 99 low income, inner city African American women with HIV. Although there was no main effect of CD4 count on physical symptoms, depressive symptoms moderated the association between CD4 count and physical symptoms. More compromised immune functioning (lower CD4 count) was associated with more physical symptoms under conditions of higher levels of depressive symptoms, but not lower levels of depressive symptoms. This finding was observed using both a self-report measure and a clinician-rating of women’s depressive symptoms. There were no main or interactive effects for optimism. Clinical implications and future research directions are presented.

Field of study: Psychology
Immunological effects of mercury (IUPAC Technical Report)

Various chemical species of mercury differ considerably with regard to their route of absorption and their distribution in the body, yet many of them and their metabolites exhibit high-affinity binding to sulfanyl groups of proteins. Among all metals, mercury appears to have the most diverse effects on the immune system. Depending on the animal species and experimental conditions, mercury compounds may cause immunosuppression or immunostimulation, autoimmune reactions, or hypersensitivity. Mercury-sensitive strains of rats and mice are often used as model organisms to study the time course and events in autoimmunity. Within about 14 days after onset of oral mercury(II) exposure, levels of immunoglobulins E and G (IgE and IgG) increase, including autoantibodies to biomolecules such as laminin and fibrillarin. Antigen-antibody complexes are formed and are the cause of subsequent autoimmune diseases of blood vessels and organs. Mercury may induce local mercury hypersensitivity in humans, but the evidence for a role of mercury in autoimmune disease of humans is at best weak. Models for the immune effects of mercury are presented on the basis of current knowledge.

Field of study: Chemistry
A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Sequence Related to the Core Structure of the Asparagine-linked Type Glycoproteins by Using a Chitobiose Derivative as a Key Starting Material

Allyl 2-acetamido-3-O-benzyl-4-O-(2-acetamido-3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) was efficiently prepared from chitobiose octaacetate in high yield. Coupling of 5 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-fucopyranosyl bromide by the halide ion-catalyzed glycosidation reaction afforded the protected trisaccharide intermediate in 58% yield. Deallylation followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis gave 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-6-O-(α-L-fucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose.

Field of study: Chemistry
ESTIMATION OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY DISSIPATION RATE IN CHANNEL FLOW BY PIV

Accurate estimation of turbulence dissipation rate is very important for engineering and academic study of turbulence.It is challenging to measure the dissipation rate due to its complex definition. The measurement of the turbulence flow in a horizontal channel was performed by using PIV, and thus the method of using SGS model to estimate the turbulence dissipation rate was introduced and the advantage of such method was analyzed.All the estimation results were compared with the DNS’s results.The outcome of the corrected Smagorinsky model fitted the DNS’s results best.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The effectiveness of wave barriers on the dynamic stiffness coefficients of foundations using boundary element method

A comprehensive numerical investigation has been carried out to indicate the influence of wave barriers on the complex dynamic stiffness coefficients of the surface supported foundations under dynamic loads. In the considered problems the underground is regarded as an elastic homogeneous half-space and as a layer on the top of a rigid bedrock. The results of the present numerical simulation are obtained by using the substructure approach in the frequency domain which is formulated on basis of the boundary element method (BEM). The validations of the numerical results are shown through comparison with published numerical data. The results point out that using an open trench barrier with appropriate distance surrounding the vibration source, a notable reduction level can be achieved.

Field of study: Mathematics
Control of competence by related non-coding csRNAs in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6

The two-component regulatory system CiaRH of Streptococcus pneumoniae is involved in β-lactam resistance, maintenance of cell integrity, bacteriocin production, host colonization, virulence, and competence. The response regulator CiaR controls, among other genes, expression of five highly similar small non-coding RNAs, designated csRNAs. These csRNAs control competence development by targeting comC, encoding the precursor of the competence stimulating peptide, which is essential to initiate the regulatory cascade leading to competence. In addition, another gene product of the CiaR regulon, the serine protease HtrA, is also involved in competence control. In the absence of HtrA, five csRNAs could suppress competence, but one csRNA alone was not effective. To determine if all csRNAs are needed, reporter gene fusions to competence genes were used to monitor competence gene expression in the presence of different csRNAs. These experiments showed that two csRNAs were not enough to prevent competence, but combinations of three csRNAs, csRNA1,2,3, or csRNA1,2,4 were sufficient. In S. pneumoniae strains expressing only csRNA5, a surprising positive effect was detected on the level of early competence gene expression. Hence, the role of the csRNAs in competence regulation is more complex than anticipated. Mutations in comC (comC8) partially disrupting predicted complementarity to the csRNAs led to competence even in the presence of all csRNAs. Reconstitution of csRNA complementarity to comC8 restored competence suppression. Again, more than one csRNA was needed. In this case, even two mutated csRNAs complementary to comC8, csRNA1–8 and csRNA2–8, were suppressive. In conclusion, competence in S. pneumoniae is additively controlled by the csRNAs via post-transcriptional regulation of comC.

Field of study: Biology
Effect of Arc Spraying Power on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pb-Sn Coating Deposited onto Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

In this study, Pb-Sn coatings were deposited on carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFRE composites) by means of plasma spraying as a permeation barrier in the applications of composite pressure vessels. The bonding strength of the Pb-Sn coatings-substrates with different plasma spraying power was tested on a RGD-5 tensile testing machine. The microstructures of the as-sprayed coatings have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The result showed that the melting extent and the bond strength of the coatings were evidently improved with the increasing of spraying power. Observation of fracture surfaces shows that carbon fiber bundles can bond well with Pb-Sn coatings using 42 kW spraying power.

Field of study: Materials science
Superconducting BaHfO3–GdBa2Cu3O7 Nanocomposite Thin Films: Influence of Growth Temperature and Deposition Rate on Transport Properties

Superconducting GdBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> films with 2.5 wt% of BaHfO<sub>3</sub> were deposited by pulsed laser deposition using an Nd:YAG laser (<italic>λ</italic> = 355 nm), and their structural and electrical properties were investigated in dependence of substrate temperature <italic>T</italic><sub>sub</sub> and deposition rate (i.e., laser repetition rate <italic>v</italic><sub>dep</sub>). The irreversibility lines show the strongest shift toward higher magnetic fields at intermediate <italic>T</italic><sub>sub</sub> and lower <italic>v</italic><sub>dep</sub>. The self-field <italic>J</italic><sub>c</sub> decreases by a factor of 2 compared with the pristine sample, but the situation improves in the high field region. The angular dependence of <italic>J</italic><sub>c</sub> at 1, 5, and 9 T shows a large <italic>c</italic>-axis peak at 180<sup>o</sup>, which indicates strongly correlated pinning at BHO nanocolumns.

Field of study: Physics
Properties of HTS step-edge SNS junctions

The critical current and current-voltage characteristics of step-edge HTS SNS junctions are discussed theoretically. In accordance with the experimental data it is assumed that the current transport through both NS interfaces takes place in ab-direction. In the bottom interface ((001) surface of YBCO) the ab-coupling may occur due to atomic steps which play a role of constrictions for the current flow. Therefore the contact is modelled as SNS structure with system of constrictions located at both interfaces. The IcRN product and the excess current Iex are calculated as a function of temperature, interface transparency and N layer thickness. It is shown that in accordance with the experimental data the Iex and Ic are of the same order of magnitude in a broad parameter range.

Field of study: Physics
Enaminbildung aus 2‐Phenyl‐1,3‐indandionen und 1‐Phenylethylamin

Enamine Formation from 2-Phenyl-1,3-indandiones and 1-Phenylethylamine 
 
 
 
The acid-catalyzed condensation of 4-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-indandione (3b) and (R)-1-phenylethylamine yields the regioisomeric enamines 4b and 5 in a ratio of 75:25. The structure 4b is assigned to the major isomer by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis.

Field of study: Chemistry
Can a Teacher Intervention Improve Classroom Practices and Student Motivation in Mathematics

Classroom practices believed to affect student motivation were assessed for 24 upper elementary school teachers during a unit on fractions. Two groups of mathematics “reform-minded” teachers participated in professional development programs—in either an intensive intervention or an intervention involving primarily teacher support. A 3rd group of teachers implemented traditional, textbased instruction and was not involved in any intervention. For most practices assessed, the 2 reform-minded groups of teachers did not differ significantly from each other, but both differed from the traditional teachers. The reform-minded teachers emphasized effort, mastery, and understanding more; encouraged student autonomy more; and created a psychologically safer environment than the traditional teachers did. The teachers in the intensive intervention, which included training in motivation, made more accurate judgments of students' motivation than the other reform-minded teachers did. There was modest evidence t...

Field of study: Education
Loss of monocyte membrane receptors in patients with SLE.

Following an 80-min cold treatment of monocytes and their subsequent heating at 37 degrees C a part of the Fc and C3 receptors is shed from the cells into the serum-free medium. However, while the reduced expression of cell membrane Fc receptors is regenerated at 37 degrees C in 4-8 hr, that of the C3 receptors is not. Initially, the Fc receptor expression of monocytes for patients with SLE is greater than that of controls and after shedding it increases to the level of controls at 37 degrees C in 4-8 hr. The expression and the regeneration of C3 receptors are equivalent to those of controls. The phagocytic ability of patient monocytes is lower than that of controls and the difference also remains after heat treatment.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Extraction method for source series resistance and transverse field mobility reduction coefficient using the MOSFET saturation region

A new extraction method for source series resistance and mobility reduction coefficient with transverse field, based on the MOSFET transconductance modeling in the saturation region, is reported. The simple associated transconductance model also appears to be extremely useful for optimal parameter extraction. The proposed method is validated on partially depleted SIMOX MOSFETs.

Field of study: Engineering
Evaporite diapirs in the La Popa basin, Nuevo León, Mexico

Reconnaissance mapping and stratigraphic work in the La Popa basin of Nuevo Leon, northern Mexico, has revealed two large structural features with cores of gypsum and anhydrite at the surface. These features are interpreted to be the surface expression of evaporite diapirs. They are exposed in folded sedimentary rocks belonging to the Potrerillos Formation of the Difunta Group of Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous). Sandstone units within the Potrerillos Formation pinch out toward the piercement features. Carbonate lentils composed of rudistid reefs and associated carbonate clastics flank the features and pinch out away from the features into marine shale members of the Potrerillos Formation. Most carbonate lentils occur in the immediate vicinity of the evaporite features and are interpreted to be genetically related to the diapirs. Syndiapiric sedimentary-facies patterns can be documented over 4,000 vertical feet (1,200 m) of section within the Potrerillos Formation. The large vertical extent of facies peculiarities near the piercement features indicates that the features were active for an extended period corresponding to at least two regressive-transgressive cycles during Maastrichtian time. A radial drainage pattern away from the northern feature indicates that the features are probably active today. A limestone inclusion from within one of the features has been dated as Kimmeridgian in age (Zuloaga or Smackover equivalent) and suggests that the evaporites are probably derived from the Jurassic Minas Viejas Formation. It is not known at present whether salt underlies the surface crust of gypsum and anhydrite. At the time that the first syndiapiric sediments of the Potrerillos Formation were deposited, the Minas Viejas Formation was buried at an estimated depth of 17,000 ft (5,200 m). The thick pre-Laramide cover, the pre-Laramide age of at least some of the syndiapiric sedimentary features, and the location of stocks away from major anticlines indicate that the emplacement of the diapirs is not related to Laramide compression. Geostatic loading is considered to be the most important mechanism for emplacement of the domes.

Field of study: Geology