nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Key Die Design of Medicine Box Stamping

Aiming at the forming difficulty of medicine box parts,its process parameters were analyzed and calculated,and a process including three-time deep drawing,reverse drawing and then punching,burring,reshaping and trimming was designed.Through simulating drawing procwss,the process parameters were optimized.Finally,the die for reverse drawing was designed,which can realize the stamping forming of medicine box.

Field of study: Materials science
Polarization effects in semiconductor superlattices

The polarization dependence of the photoluminescence of GaAs-AlAs superlattices with different well and barrier widths has been investigated. In wide-well superlattices (10-15 nm) the luminescence signal of free excitons has the largest degree of polarization (20-25%). In short-period superlattices, however, the recombination is dominated by indirect, localized excitons (X- Gamma ), which are exposed to anisotropic perturbations along the (110) crystallographic axis. This results in an anomalous detection angle dependence of the polarization.

Field of study: Materials science
Optimum Co-Design for Spectrum Sharing between Matrix Completion Based MIMO Radars and a MIMO Communication System

Spectrum sharing enables radar and communication systems to share the spectrum efficiently by minimizing mutual interference. Recently proposed multiple-input multiple-output radars based on sparse sensing and matrix completion (MIMO-MC), in addition to reducing communication bandwidth and power as compared with MIMO radars, offer a significant advantage for spectrum sharing. The advantage stems from the way the sampling scheme at the radar receivers modulates the interference channel from the communication system transmitters, rendering it symbol dependent and reducing its row space. This makes it easier for the communication system to design its waveforms in an adaptive fashion so that it minimizes the interference to the radar subject to meeting rate and power constraints. Two methods are proposed. First, based on the knowledge of the radar sampling scheme, the communication system transmit covariance matrix is designed to minimize the effective interference power (EIP) at the radar receiver, while maintaining certain average capacity and transmit power for the communication system. Second, a joint design of the communication transmit covariance matrix and the MIMO-MC radar sampling scheme is proposed, which achieves even further EIP reduction.

Field of study: Engineering
实时荧光PCR快速检测沙门菌

60份食品样本同时用常规国标法、科玛嘉平板分离法和实时荧光PCR法进行沙门菌检测研究.按国标GB/T4789.4-2003对60份食品样本进行沙门菌检测,在分离培养的同时将增菌液划线于科玛嘉沙门菌显色平板,挑可疑菌落(紫色或紫红色)进一步试验,所有分离菌株用SENSITITRE微生物鉴定分析系统进行生化鉴定.用Invitrogen提取试剂盒提取细菌DNA,具体方法按说明书操作,鼠伤寒沙门菌作为参考菌株经纯培养后制成菌悬液,同时提取DNA。

Field of study: Biology
New trend of Japanese sports policies——An analysis of the Basic Plan for Sports Rejuvenation

As the law of sport,the Japanese Basic Plan for Sports Rejuvenation clearly specifies the overall objec-tives,specific contents and implementation rules with respective to the development of Japanese sport between 2001 and 2010. It reflects new changes of Japanese sports policies in the new century,emphasizes harmonious develop-ment of mass sport and competitive sport,and makes new breakthroughs in speeding up the development of com-petitive sport in terms of policy. A series of new measures ware established in the Basic Plan for Sports Rejuvena-tion,among which such two measures as establishing comprehensive regional sports clubs and pan-regional sports centers as well as establishing an all-in-one training system will produce a profound impact on Japanese sport. Japan won 16 gold medals in Athens Olympic Games 2004,fulfilling its gold meal goal in the plan ahead of time,and its mass sport is also developed more rapidly,which have already shown the effect of implementing this plan.

Field of study: Education
Once upon a Time There Was PANAF: Liberation Movements and Cultural Representations of African Dreams

A few years after achieving its independence in 1962, Algeria, under the umbrella of the Organization of the African Union, organized the first Pan-African Cultural Festival, referred to as PANAF. The festival it took place in Algiers in July 1969 during a time when a few African countries were still fighting against colonialism for their national emancipation. PANAF remained unique because of the gathering of thousands of professional artists from Africa and the African diaspora, but ordinary African citizens also came from their villages to perform for the comeback of Africa on the international scene. Many artists came directly from the bush and were transported in conditions worthy of a spy movie. Miriam Makeba, for example, an antiapartheid icon for the African National Congress (ANC), appears repeatedly with Marion Williams, Archie Shepp, or Nina Simone. PANAF was conceived of as a continental celebration that would be opened up for the first time to the African diaspora living abroad, "brought together … in a militant cultural gathering and strongly marked by the search for identity." William Klein's film, The Pan-African Festival of Algiers, endures as a living witnessing of the African and African American liberation movements taking place in Algeria during this time.

Field of study: Art
Atmospheric circulation patterns which promote winter Arctic sea ice decline

The impact of winter atmospheric blocking over the Ural Mountains region (UB) coincident with different phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the sea ice variability over the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) in winter is investigated. It is found that the UB in conjunction with the positive phase of the NAO (NAO+) leads to the strongest sea ice decline. During this phase composites and trajectory analyses reveal an efficient moisture pathway to the BKS from the mid-latitude North Atlantic near the Gulf Stream Extension region where water vapor is abundant due to high sea surface temperatures. The NAO+-UB combination is an optimal circulation pattern that significantly increases the BKS water vapor that plays a major role in the BKS warming and sea ice reduction, while the increased sensible and latent heat fluxes play secondary roles. By contrast, much fewer dramatic impacts on the BKS are observed when the UB coincides with the neutral or negative phases of the NAO. Our results present new insights into the complex processes involved with Arctic sea ice reduction and warming. The mechanisms highlighted here potentially offer a perspective into the mechanisms behind Arctic multi-decadal climate variability.

Field of study: Environmental science
Silicon grating foil used to analyze the image transfer function in XUV radiography system

The image transfer function is used to judge the precision of XUV radiography system and silicon grating foils are prepared to measure the image transfer function. Using photoetching and ion beam etching processes, the silicon grating foils with check and stripe pattern were prepared on thin silicon foil. The thickness of thin silicon foil was 3 to 4 μm and the pattern's etching depth was about 1 μm. The size of check pattern was 25 μm×25 μm and the width of stripe pattern was 5 μm. The parameters of photoetching and ion beam etching processes were studied to control the precision of patterns. And silicon grating foils were used to measure the image transfer function by XUV radiography system on "Shenguang Ⅱ" high power laser facility in 2000.

Field of study: Physics
Culture and Well-Being: The Cycle of Action, Evaluation, and Decision

Two studies were conducted to examine how European and Asian Americans experience and remember their task performance, make a decision about a future task, and how that decision affects enjoyment of the task. In Study 1, although Asians solved as many anagrams as European Americans, Asians remembered solving fewer than did European Americans at Time 2. European Americans' Time 2 choice of task was predicted from Time 1 performance, but Asians' Time 2 choice was not. In Study 2, European Americans chose the same task if they had previously done well and a different task if they had not. Their actual enjoyment of the Time 2 task, furthermore, was significantly higher than at Time 1. In contrast, there was no change in actual enjoyment of the task at Time 2 among Asians because their choice was not based on their performance at Time 1.

Field of study: Psychology
Analyzing the Effects of Intrauterine Hypoxia on Gene Expression in Oocytes of Rat Offspring by Single Cell Transcriptome Sequencing

Intrauterine hypoxia is one of the most frequently occurring complications during pregnancy, and the effects of antenatal hypoxia in offspring are not restricted to the perinatal period. Previous studies have reported on this phenomenon, which is usually described as multigenerational or transgenerational inheritance. However, the exact mechanism of this type of inheritance is still not clear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the alteration in the gene expression of oocytes, derived from intrauterine hypoxia rats and their offspring, by transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that 11 differentially expressed genes were inherited from the F1 to F2 generation. Interestingly, these differentially expressed genes were enriched in processes predominantly involved in lipid and insulin metabolism. Overall, our data indicated that alteration in the gene expression of oocytes may be associated with some metabolic diseases and could potentially be the basis of transgenerational or multigenerational inheritance, induced by an adverse perinatal environment.

Field of study: Biology
The Problems Existing in University on How to Improve Teacher's Ability at Present

In recent years,along with the great investment on the national educatio n continuously enlarge-ment,the competition between the un iversities;is becoming fieree.The cosmopolitan economy brings to university enormous impac t.How to make developments of good te acher troops at the competition with pound is an importa nt problem.This tpaperxt analyses t he teacher' s quanti-ty,synthesizes the ability,educational background,teachers virtue,and the mechanism of ap-pointing the teachers and brings up t he problem -solving counterplans an d suggestions.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Post-traumatic syndrome

Post-traumatic syndrome is a constellation of symptoms that developed in a person usually following a relatively minor head injury. It can grossly in capacitating for the patient and can develop a chronicity that makes it almost a change in personality. The commonest symptoms are headache, and dizziness; but impairment of sleep, decreased concentration and libido, anxiety, depression, irritability and sensitivity to noise are also seen. The cause of the syndrome is a ,contentious issue. The question whether it is primarily of psychological or organic origin remains unanswered in many cases. Organic or phychogenic, each symptom by itself is of little consequence, but in combination they may be disabling enough to prevent useful employment. Furthennore, the development of the syndrome of any head injury is not easy to be predicted.  post-traumatic syndrome headache neurotic personality depression amnesia

Field of study: Medicine
Lake Bungunnia — A Plio-Pleistocene megalake in southern Australia

Between 2.5 Ma and 0.7 Ma a Plio-Pleistocene megalake, Lake Bungunnia, existed in the western Murray Basin, Australia. Study of hydrologic and geologic constraints on this lake has enabled the climate of southeastern Australia during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene to be partly quantified. Modelling shows that Lake Bungunnia could not exist under current climatic conditions, and that an average rainfall of at least 500 mm yr −1 over the catchment of the Murray-Darling river system was likely, considerably more than at present. Minor changes in climate caused large fluctuations in the shoreline of the shallow lake, which are reflected in the geologic record. Possible histories for Lake Bungunnia are suggested in the light of this evidence. Demise of the megalake heralded the onset of aridity in southern Australia, and modern landforms date from that time. Salt lakes in part of the western Murray Basin may have directly descended from Lake Bungunnia.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Tensor Estimation with Nearly Linear Samples

There is a conjectured computational-statistical gap in terms of the number of samples needed to perform tensor estimation. In particular, for a low rank 3-order tensor with $\Theta(n)$ parameters, Barak and Moitra conjectured that $\Omega(n^{3/2})$ samples are needed for polynomial time computation based on a reduction of a specific hard instance of a rank 1 tensor to the random 3-XOR distinguishability problem. In this paper, we take a complementary perspective and characterize a subclass of tensor instances that can be estimated with only $O(n^{1+\kappa})$ observations for any arbitrarily small constant $\kappa > 0$, nearly linear. If one considers the class of tensors with constant orthogonal CP-rank, the "hardness" of the instance can be parameterized by the minimum absolute value of the sum of latent factor vectors. If the sum of each latent factor vector is bounded away from zero, we present an algorithm that can perform tensor estimation with $O(n^{1+\kappa})$ samples for a $t$-order tensor, significantly less than the previous achievable bound of $O(n^{t/2})$, and close to the lower bound of $\Omega(n)$. This result suggests that amongst constant orthogonal CP-rank tensors, the set of computationally hard instances to estimate are in fact a small subset of all possible tensors.

Field of study: Computer science
Unclosing maze of history and exploiting future of sports ——Study on the relation between sports and politics

This paper summarizes the different views of domestic scholar about the relation between sports and politics based on the relation since the 1950s, reveals the reason why the sports has a direct bearing on the politics, shows the advantages and disadvantages of close relation between sports and politics, and illustrates own views of how to deal with the relation between sports and politics correctly.

Field of study: Education
Study on the purification of extensin from the cell wall of carrot root

The extensins from the cell wall of carrot root were purified by CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Two components were received from the cell wall proteins of carrot root. The amount of amino acid and molecular mass of these components were determined through amino acid analysis instrument and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The compound belonging to extensin was identified according to the amount of amino acid and molecular mass of these components.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
An evaluation of population projection errors for census tracts.

"In this article we evaluate the accuracy and bias of projections of total population and population by age group for census tracts in three counties in Florida. We use [U.S. census] data from 1970 and 1980 and several simple extrapolation techniques to produce projections for 1990; we then compare these projections with 1990 census counts and evaluate the differences. For the total sample, we find mean absolute errors of 17%-20% for the three most accurate techniques for projecting total population and find no indication of overall bias. For individual age groups, mean absolute errors range from 20%-29%." This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 1993 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.

Field of study: Mathematics
ICA algorithm based on recursively updating of feature space and application to fermentation process monitoring

Updating the monitoring model timely to address the time-variant characteristics has vital significance in detecting abnormalities of chemical process and equipment breakdown exactly.The conventional ICA-based methods used to update the model have a high computational load and low efficiency.ICA algorithm was proposed to model and monitor a fed-batch penicillin fermentation process on line.Compared with conventional ICA methods,the proposed method reduced the false alarm rate to 1.67% and basically overcame alarm failures.Compared with other methods,the algorithm could greatly decrease the computation time by about 54.1%,and saved the memory.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Critical Assessment of Electricity and Natural Gas Deregulation

Economic deregulation of electric and gas utilities has failed to achieve its proposed objectives of lowering price, promoting greater consumer choice, constraining market power, and improving infrastructure performance. Concentration has grown, deregulated price increases exceed prices where regulation was maintained, and supposedly free markets do not assure control of market power or cost effectiveness in achieving environmental protection. An agenda for re-regulation is proposed. These reforms would continue the work of Institutional economists in the field of public utility economics.

Field of study: Economics
Real-time monitoring of trace-level VOCs by an ultrasensitive lamp-based VUV photoionization mass spectrometer

In this study, we report on the development of a lamp-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer (VUV-PIMS) in our laboratory; it is composed of a radio-frequency-powered VUV lamp, a VUV photoionizer, an ion-migration lens assembly, and a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By utilizing the novel photoionizer consisting of a photoionization cavity and a VUV light baffle, the baselines of the mass spectra decreased from 263.6 ± 15.7 counts to 4.1 ± 1.8 counts. A detection limit (2σ) of 3 pptv was achieved for benzene after an acquisition time of 10 s. To examine its potential for real-time monitoring applications of samples, the developed VUV-PIMS was employed for the continuous measurement of urban air for 6 days in Beijing, China. Strong signals of trace-level volatile organic compounds, such as benzene and its alkylated derivatives, were observed in the mass spectra. These initial experimental results reveal that the instrument can be used for the online monitoring of trace-level species in the atmosphere.

Field of study: Environmental science
Profile of patients diagnosed as sepsis (ICD X: A41.9) in the Internal Medicine Ward Sardjito Hospital in 2002

Sardjito Hospital as the top referral hospital for the Yogyakarta Special Province and the southern part of Central Java has a mortality rate of 56.83% of patients diagnosed as sepsis (ICD X A41.9). The overall hospital sepsis case in the year 2002 was 275, with 50.54% (139) of which was treated in the Internal Medicine ward. Out of the 139 cases, 44.60% was man and 55.40% was woman.  This study was focused on the identification of demographic and clinical factors of patients diagnosed as sepsis (ICD X A41.9) in Internal. Medicine ward Sardjito Hospital in 2002. Demographic data include sex, age, system of hospital admission (referral or self admitioni€´. Clinical data include the concomitant disease(s), causes of death, and type of cultured microorganism(s). The identification of these factors may be beneficial for designing an early warning system for fatal cases of patients with sepsis  Only 120 (86.33%) out of 139 medical records were eligible for further analysis. Seventy-one (59.17%) patients died in the hospital, whereas 49 (40.83%) were discharged from the hospital, but mostly were forced leave (only 6 patients were discharged in a good condition). The median Â± SD age was 53.5 Â± 15.99 years old with the youngest age was 17 and the oldest was 98. More than 50% of patients were above 50 years old. As many as 72 (60%) patients were admitted to the hospital referred by other hospitals (a few numbers were referred by private physicians), and only 48 (40%) patients were self-admitted. The average length of hospitalization was 6.96 Â± 5.43 days, with the range of 1-25 days. The cause of death of these patients were mostly septic shock (61.97%), followed by respiratory failure (19.72%), intracranial process (14%), cardiac arrest (2.8%) and MOFS (1.4%). The underlying/concomitant diseases are:. gastrohepatology (mostly hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma); hematology (acute leukemia, multiple myeloma), pulmonology (TB, COPD, pneumonia), oncology (Ca mammae, Ca cervix); endocrinology (DM type 2 with ulcus diabeticum), nephrology (chronic renal failure), cardiology (congestive heart failure), obsgyn (septic puerpuralis) and trop-med (urinary tract infection, malaria), etc.  We report here research on medical record of patients diagnosed as sepsis (ICD X: A41.9) in Internal Medicine ward Dr. Sardjito Hospital in 2002. There were 139 cases with only 120 were eligible for analysis. Mortality reached 59.17% of cases with median of age 53.5 years and average length of hospitalization of 6.96 days. The most common cause of death was septic shock and gastrohepatology as the most common comorbid disease.  sepsis-demographic-clinical presentation-cause of death

Field of study: Medicine
Design and implementation of S-MARKS: A secure middleware for pervasive computing applications

As portable devices have become a part of our everyday life, more people are unknowingly participating in a pervasive computing environment. People engage with not a single device for a specific purpose but many devices interacting with each other in the course of ordinary activity. With such prevalence of pervasive technology, the interaction between portable devices needs to be continuous and imperceptible to device users. Pervasive computing requires a small, scalable and robust network which relies heavily on the middleware to resolve communication and security issues. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of S-MARKS which incorporates device validation, resource discovery and a privacy module.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Knowledge Sharing Challenges during Post-Merger Integration: The Role of Boundary Spanners and of Organizational Identity

When organizations merge, information systems (IS) need to be integrated to span the demarcations between the previously independent entities, be to bridge the pre-merger ISs or as new, single IS. Although research stresses the important role played by ISs in support of the combined organizations, there is a paucity of studies on the process of IS integration. Grounded in the practice perspective of knowledge and on the concept of organizational identity, we first propose a conceptual framework that conjectures about effective knowledge sharing processes, boundary objects and the role that boundary spanners are expected to play if they are to be effective. Then, we assess the relational dynamics suggested by our framework in four existing case studies from the academic literature that present rich post-merger IS integration data.

Field of study: Business
A Lack of Depth: One Preservice Teacher's Experiences in a Post-NCLB World

As a graduate student in a teacher-training program, I saw firsthand the gulf between the methods suggested by my professors and classroom practices that are didactic and lack depth. My concern over these issues has led me to examine research related to them, and the findings suggest that the perception that social studies is in trouble is very real and that there are many teachers who do not attempt to teach social studies in a relevant, thought-provoking way. Researchers are not in agreement on the reasons for the decline in both the quantity and quality of social studies lessons. Many blame the restrictions placed on teachers by high-stakes testing, while others blame teachers themselves, and others blame teacher-training programs for inadequately preparing new teachers to present in-depth lessons. This article looks at research on these issues and considers what can be done to address the decline in the quantity and quality of social studies lessons.

Field of study: Sociology