nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Successes and Limitations of Inquiry-Based Laboratories on Affective Learning Outcomes for Deaf, Hard-of-Hearing, and Hearing Signing Students.

Active learning pedagogies such as inquiry-based learning have the potential not only to improve students’ science literacy but also promote affective learning and interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Moreover, a focus on affective learning may be key to improve recruitment in STEM. Yet, we know little about how participation in inquiry-based courses can impact college students’ affective learning. Here, we present results from a comparative analysis of two affective learning outcomes, attitudes toward science and science identity, after participation in inquiry-based laboratory courses. Then, we synthesize what we have learned about successes and limitations to promoting growth in positive attitudes toward science and science identity after participation in these courses. Our work focuses on non-science majors who are deaf, hard-of-hearing and hearing signers in bilingual (American Sign Language and written English) inquiry-based biology laboratory courses. We concentrate on the Deaf Community because deaf individuals often face challenges regarding access in STEM education. Our results indicate that participation in inquirybased laboratory courses has the potential to positively influence students’ attitudes toward science via repeated engagement with hands-on, student-driven experimentation, peer collaboration, and a welcoming classroom environment. However, participation in these classes had a limited impact on students’ science identities. Some students saw themselves as scientists during laboratory classes, however, their science identities beyond the classroom remained unchanged. While inquiry-based laboratories successfully promote one aspect of affective learning, work is needed to improve students’ science identities and increase interest in STEM careers to more effectively recruit students in these courses.

Field of study: Education
Sequence analysis of the F genes from human metapneumovirus recently isolated from children in Beijing

A novel paramyxovirus,human metapneumovirus(hMPV) was recently isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from infants and young children with acute respiratory infections in Beijing.To understand the characteristic of these newly discovered hMPV in Beijing,the F genes from two hMPV which were in two different gene clusters from previous investigation were analyzed. Full length of F genes from hMPV was amplified from two specimens,BJ1816 and BJ1887 collected from children hospitalized for acute respiratory infections in November 2002 by reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The two PCR amplicons were sequenced after cloning into pBS-T vector and the sequences were compared with the F genes from other hMPV in GenBank. The F genes amplified from BJ1816 and BJ1887 were 1620 bp in length.The deduced F proteins were 539 amino acids in length.The identities of nucleotide and amino acid between BJ1816 and BJ1887 were 83.8% and 94.4%,respectively.These two hMPV shared high homology with those within the same cluster(98.3%-99.6%).It was revealed that F proteins of these two hMPV shared typical fusion protein characteristics with those described for the F proteins of other hMPV and other paramyxoviridae members.The inactive precursors(F0) of the F proteins were cleaved by host cell proteases to generate N-terminus F2 subunites and Large C-terminus F1 subunits.F proteins of these two hMPVs shared the similar cleavage sites with other hMPVs,containing the residues RQSR.The sequence similarity of F2 subunits between BJ1816 and BJ1887 displayed a higher degree than F1 subunits(96.9% vs 93.8%).Except the membrane anchor domain and the region of intra-cellular at the C-terminus F1 subunits,the rest of F1 subunits of the two hMPVs showed high sequence identity(95.4%).The potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the F proteins of BJ1816 and BJ1887 were shared with other hMPVs,including two shared with APV and one unique.Phylogenetic analysis showed that BJ1816 and BJ1887 fell into two distinct genetic clusters. The sequence analysis of the complete F genes from two samples confirmed that like the results of the gene sequence analysis from other genes,BJ1816 and BJ1887 belong to two different clusters.F protein of hMPV may play a very important role in the infection and immunity by hMPV.

Field of study: Biology
Dynamical constraints on a dark matter density spike at the Galactic Centre from stellar orbits

In this work, we use current astrometric and spectroscopic data on the S2 star at the Galactic Centre to derive specific constraints on the size of a dark matter density spike around the central supermassive black hole Sgr A*. Our limits are the best direct constraints on a DM spike at the GC for non-annihilating dark matter and exclude a spike with radius greater than a few pc for cuspy outer halos and a few hundred pc for cored outer halos.

Field of study: Physics
The Cenomanian–Turonian Eagle Ford Group of South Texas: Insights on timing and paleoceanographic conditions from geochemistry and micropaleontologic analyses

The interbedded organic-rich marls and limestones of the Eagle Ford Group of South Texas were deposited on the shelf of the Central Texas Platform during the upper Cenomanian through the Turonian. Micropaleontological analyses of thin-sections and residue samples from subsurface cores taken in Atascosa and Karnes counties yielded 13 biostratigraphic datums, which were integrated with calcareous nannofossil datums, stable carbon isotopic and bulk inorganic geochemical analysis to gain an understanding of the paleoceanographic conditions of the study area and their relationship to regional and global events. The paired thin-section/residue sampling was necessitated by poor recovery of planktonic foraminifera in washed samples, which were, however, abundant in most thin-sections. Lower Eagle Ford marls were deposited under euxinic conditions produced by a stratified water column. Periodic enhanced water column mixing increased oxygen levels and surface-water primary productivity, which promoted calcite diagenesis and generation of limestones containing calcispheres and radiolaria. An oxygenated bottom water mass entered the basin in the uppermost Cenomanian prior to the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 2, causing a spike in benthic foraminiferal diversity and decreasing preservation of organic matter. Although the lower portion of the upper Eagle Ford is age-equivalent to OAE2 as indicated by positive shift in δ13Corg, it contains less organic matter and evidence of more oxygen than the lower Eagle Ford, so deposition of the Eagle Ford black shales is not contemporaneous to OAE2.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Twisted representation rings and Dirac induction

Extending ideas of twisted equivariant K-theory, we construct twisted versions of the representation rings for Lie superalgebras and Lie supergroups, built from projective Z 2 -graded representations with a given cocycle. We then investigate the pullback and pushforward maps on these representation rings (and their completions) associated to homomorphisms of Lie superalgebras and Lie supergroups. As an application, we consider the Lie supergroup Π ( T * G ) , obtained by taking the cotangent bundle of a compact Lie group and reversing the parity of its fibers. An inclusion H ↪ G induces a homomorphism from the twisted representation ring of Π ( T * H ) to the twisted representation ring of Π ( T * G ) , which pulls back via an algebraic version of the Thom isomorphism to give an additive homomorphism from K H ( pt ) to K G ( pt ) (possibly with twistings). We then show that this homomorphism is in fact Dirac induction, which takes an H-module U to the G-equivariant index of the Dirac operator / ∂ ⊗ U on the homogeneous space G / H with values in the homogeneous bundle induced by U.

Field of study: Mathematics
SU‐E‐T‐573: Monte Carlo Simulated Peripheral Doses in SRS of the Brain

In arc based brain Stereotactic Radiation Surgery (SRS), a major concern is the accuracy of the peripheral doses to organs close to the treated lesions. This concern is more pronounced when planning software utilizes Pencil Beam algorithm. To evaluate the out‐of‐target radiation doses to Organs At Risk (OAR) the predicted organdoses by BrainLab Treatment Planning System (TPS) were compared with doses acquired by a Monte Carlo simulation.  An arc based brainSRStreatment plan was developed in BrainLab® TPS to be treated on the Novalis® Varian linear accelerator, using 6 MV photon arcs with a 20 mm cone. The doses to different points of interest, representing major OAR were investigated. The photon spectrum in air for 20 mm cone at 100 SSD was designed and verified for the simulation with EGSnrc Monte Carlo particle transport code (DOSRZnrc user code). The resulting Percent Depth Dose (PDD) and dose profile at 75 mm depth were confirmed with respective measurements in a water phantom. Each arc will be approximated by summing simulated discrete angled beams following the arc path and accounting for the difference of their depths to the target. The doses of both calculations will be normalized to an ion chamber measurement at the isocenter.  The greatest difference in the PDD was less than 1%. MC simulated profile at 75 mm depth appeared to be less than 1mm wider than the measured data in the penumbra region.  A method for simulating peripheral doses in SRS was developed. The agreement in the measured and simulated PDD and profile provide a basis for successfully utilizing this method and comparing the calculated peripheral doses by the TPS and the simulated doses by the Monte Carlo technique.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Path Optimization for Seedling Transplanting Based on TPCG Strategy

In facility agriculture, automated transplanter is used to transplant the healthy seedlings in vacant cells to replace the bad ones. It can make full use of space and nutrition. And the working efficiency could be improved by selecting a shorter transplanting path length. In this paper, a path optimization strategy based on tray position control and greedy algorithm (TPCG) was introduced. 260 samples with randomly location vacant holes tray were used to do transplanting path planning simulation. And TPCG was compared with fixed sequence (FS). The results showed TPCG could shorten over 18% of the path length for 32 cell trays, and more than 16% of path length for 128 cell trays. The transplanting efficiency was improved and the operation time was 0.302s which could meet the real-time requirement of transplanting task.

Field of study: Engineering
Characteristics of Yield Component and Dry Matter Production of Three-line Rice Teyou 679 and Its High Yield Cultivation Technology

Field experiment was conducted to explore the characteristics of yield component and dry matter production of three-line rice Teyou 679 with Guiliangyou 2 and Teyou 63 as the control in 2011.Results indicated that compared with Guiliangyou 2 and Teyou 63,Teyou 679 revealed more effective panicles,less grains per panicle and harmony yield component,and showed less dry matter accumulation,greater dry matter transportation after heading and greater harvest index.Teyou 679 had equal yield with Guiliangou 2 and 12.7% more yield than Teyou 63.However,the differences of grain yield among varieties were not significant.Finally,high yield cultivation technology of Teyou 679 was proposed according to its characteristics of yield component and dry matter production.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Joint routing and scheduling in multi-Tx/Rx wireless mesh networks with random demands

Multiple transmit or receive (MTR) capability is a promising approach that significantly improves the capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). A fundamental problem is deriving a minimal link schedule or superframe that satisfies traffic demands. Existing MTR link schedulers or works that jointly consider routing and scheduling in wireless networks assume traffic demands are known in advance and are fixed. However, in practice, traffic demands are likely to be uncertain. Consequently, any computed solution will lead to either idle slots or congestion. Moreover, uncertain demands may cause a network operator to compute and install a new routing and superframe frequently; this is likely to incur high signaling overheads, especially in large scale multi-hop WMNs. Henceforth, in this paper, we consider random traffic demands characterized by a polyhedral set. We model the problem as a semi-infinite Linear Program (LP). We then propose a novel heuristic algorithm, called Algo-PolyH, that jointly considers both routing and superframe generation to produce a robust solution that is valid for all random demands that belong to a given polyhedral set. This fact is confirmed in our evaluation of Algo-PolyH in networks with varying number of degrees, number of flows, number of nodes and number of paths.

Field of study: Computer science
Targeting the Difficult-to-Drug CD71 and MYCN with Gambogic Acid and Vorinostat in a Class of Neuroblastomas.

Although neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous cancer, a substantial portion overexpresses CD71 (transferrin receptor 1) and MYCN. This study provides a mechanistically driven rationale for a combination therapy targeting neuroblastomas that doubly overexpress or have amplified CD71 and MYCN. For this subset, CD71 was targeted by its natural ligand, gambogic acid (GA), and MYCN was targeted with an HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat. A combination of GA and vorinostat was then tested for efficacy in cancer and non-cancer cells.



Microarray analysis of cohorts of neuroblastoma patients indicated a subset of neuroblastomas overexpressing both CD71 and MYCN. The viability with proliferation changes were measured by MTT and colony formation assays in neuroblastoma cells. Transfection with CD71 or MYCN along with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect expression changes. For pathway analysis, gene ontology (GO) and Protein-protein interaction analyses were performed to evaluate the potential mechanisms of GA and vorinostat in treated cells.



For both GA and vorinostat, their pathways were explored for specificity and dependence on their targets for efficacy. For GA-treated cells, the viability/proliferation loss due to GA was dependent on the expression of CD71 and involved activation of caspase-3 and degradation of EGFR. It relied on the JNK-IRE1-mTORC1 pathway. The drug vorinostat also reduced cell viability/proliferation in the treated cells and this was dependent on the presence of MYCN as MYCN siRNA transfection led to a blunting of vorinostat efficacy and conversely, MYCN overexpression improved the vorinostat potency in those cells. Vorinostat inhibition of MYCN led to an increase of the pro-apoptotic miR183 levels and this, in turn, reduced the viability/proliferation of these cells. The combination treatment with GA and vorinostat synergistically reduced cell survival in the MYCN and CD71 overexpressing tumor cells. The same treatment had no effect or minimal effect on HEK293 and HEF cells used as models of non-cancer cells.



A combination therapy with GA and vorinostat may be suitable for MYCN and CD71 overexpressing neuroblastomas.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Orientation and lever responding in auditory discriminations in squirrel monkeys.

Head orientation during auditory discriminations was studies in squirrel monkeys using a two-lever trial-by-trial procedure. Animals were studied using auditory discriminations based on the position of the sound and on the spectral content differences between a pure tone and a noise. After the percentage of correct responses reached asymptote, head orientation was measured using videotape recordings. Orientation occurred on virtually every trial and was under the control of the position of the sound under all conditions. Lever responding was controlled by the same parameters of the sound under some conditions, and by different parameters in others. Orientation and lever responding were correlated (a level response could be predicted from the direction of orientation) when both responses were under the control of the same parameters of the sound. The two responses were uncorrelated when they were controlled by different parameters of the sound. Orientation and lever responding were not functionally related.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Palaeoecology in a mud-dominated epicontinental sea: A case study of the Ordovician Elnes Formation, southern Norway

The Ordovician (Darriwilian to locally Sandbien) Elnes Formation of the Oslo Region, Norway, is dominated by dark grey, often marly and partly graptolite bearing mudstones. These were formed in a mid- to outer shelf environment at water-depths from perhaps less than 50 to over 200 m. More than 23,000 fossils have been systematically collected from three sections through the formation and seven fossil associations are recognised comprising the Endoceratid, Plectorthid– Diplotrypa, Asaphus –orthid, Asaphid–trinucleid (including the Raphiophorid–nileid and Alwynella –trinucleid sub-associations), Cathrynia –lingulid, Alwynella –lingulid and the Graptolite–lingulid associations. These correlate with specific lithofacies and reflect a depth transect. The ecological preferences inferred for each of the faunal groups agree well with studies of other Ordovician faunas, clearly supporting the note of a general similarity in the eco-faunal composition on a global scale. Changes in palaeo-depth during deposition of the Elnes Formation are to some extent out-of-phase with the eustatic sea level changes inferred for this time interval, probably reflecting ongoing local tectonic processes in the Oslo area. This is ascribed to the development of distal foreland conditions in the Oslo Region, heralding the Caledonian Orogeny.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Bulimic Symptomatology, Body-Image, and Personality Characteristics of University Men

This study examined the relationships, using regression analysis, among bulimic symptomatology, body-image characteristics, and personality factors in a nonclinical sample of 46 undergraduate university men. They completed the Bulimia Test—Revised (a measure of bulimic symptomatology), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised (a measure of personality characteristics), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (a multidimensional measure of body-image parameters). Statistically significant relationships were identified among Appearance Evaluation, Neuroticism and Psychoticism, and the BULIT-R scores.

Field of study: Psychology
[Certain biochemical blood markers in the process of cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer's disease].

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated in blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during therapy with amiridine and gliatiline. It was found that the therapy was accompanied by inhibition of AChE activity. A significant correlation was observed between clinical efficiency and changes of AChE activity. AD was characterised by essential changes in LPO parameters: the level of the primary products of oxidation was increased three times with a sharp increase (seven times) of total unsaturation of lipids. A significant correlation was found between AChE activity and the level of the primary products of oxidation in blood erythrocytes of AD patients before and after therapy with amiridine and gliatiline.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A new approach for making electrically conductive interconnections between small contacts in failure analysis

We have investigated two new methods to establish an electrically conductive interconnection between two contacts on a semiconductor device inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Both methods use a nanowire that is transported to the contacts. The first interconnection is made using a glue that can be hardened inside the SEM to fix the nanowires at the contacts. The other approach makes use of a microsoldering unit that is mounted on a micromanipulator and can be heated up to 200 °C. A special solder is used to make a low ohmic connection between the contacts.

Field of study: Engineering
Challenges to Vernacular Learners (L1) in Acquisition of English Language (L2) at U.G. Level in Hyderabad Region

Majority of students in the Hyderabad region of India, are found to be in a perplexed state in an ESL Classroom at UG level. An attempt is made in this research paper to explore the extent of socio-cultural and vernaculars’ influence on learners in acquisition of reasonable knowledge and skills in English, a Second language (L2) of the select region. It also identifies the inherent problems and challenges confronted by the students of vernacular medium background. In addition, it also suggests some practical measures to be adopted at the target level of teaching-learning scenario in a systematic and workable manner.  Socio-cultural – Language acquisition-Vernacular influence

Field of study: Education
Constraints on coordination in English

This paper examines various types of coordination structures in English. Unlike regular coordinate structures, some data show that the coordinately conjoined elements are syntactically different categories, thus violating Chomsky's same type condition and Williams's Law of the Coordination of Likes. I show that the coordination of the unlike categories dubbed as CUCs in the literature can best be accounted for by a semantically oriented condition such that constituents can be coordinately conjoined if they are semantically connected with each other.

Field of study: Linguistics
Molecular basis of biodiversity, conservation, and sustained innovative utilization (IUPAC Technical Report)

In this Technical Report, recommendations are presented for international cooperation between academia and industry on molecular biodiversity. The recommendations are based on discussions in workshops/meetings held in Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), Bangkok (Thailand), Kunming (China), and Antalya (Turkey) involving national and international representatives of relevant organizations.

Field of study: Chemistry
An Approarch the Dnamic User-Optimal Route Choice Problem in Intelligent Transportation System

This paper gives an approarch to solving the Dynamic User-Optimal Choice Problem in Intelligent Transportation System(ITS). We built up a Variational Inequality (VI) model for the problem at first. To overcome the difficulty of getting the real-time Origin-Destination (O-D) matrix, the Maximum Entropy Model was employed to estimate the O-D matrix, according to the prior O-D matrix and the real-time traffic count. Then the diagonalization technique is used to solve the VI model. At last, a simple network is used to test the methods.

Field of study: Computer science