nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Devonian age for the Sarhlef Formation (Jebilet Massif, Morocco) – evidence from new biostratigraphic data based on metamorphosed conodonts

The Sarhlef Formation, which hosts the massive sulphide deposits of the Moroccan Meseta, has been considered as Carboniferous in age. Moreover, palynological analysis of the black shales hosting the Draa Sfar deposit (Central Jebilet) has allowed to restrict the age of the Sarhlef Formation to the late Visean (Asbian). However, this age is not compatible with geochronological data of various magmatic intrusions present in Central Jebilet. New biostratigraphic results based on metamorphosed conodonts from 34 samples (three cores, DS170, DF306 and DS125) of the Draa Sfar deposits provide a new biostratigraphic framework of the Sarhlef Formation. The collected fauna is affected by pyritization, silicification and tectonic deformation. Some non-pyritised or partially pyritized conodonts show a conodont color alteration (CAI) change varying from black to translucent (CAI 5 to CAI 8). The conodont fauna comprise representatives of the genera Icriodus, Polygnathus, Ancyrodella, Palmatolepis, Ancyrognathus, Ancyroides, and Palmatolepis showing that age spans from the Frasnian to Late Famennian. This age is more compatible with the radiometric data of the intrusive magmatic rocks. In core DS170, the Upper Kellwasser Horizon at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary has been identified by lithological characteristics and stratigraphy. The proposed Late Devonian age of the Sarhlef Formation provides new insights on the geological evolution and stratigraphy of the entire region.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios of vesicomyid clams and a vestimentiferan tube worm in the subduction zone east of Japan

The 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N ratios were measured for a vesicomyid clam, Calyptogena phaseoliformis collected at a depth of 5960 m in the Japan Trench, and the vesicomyid clam C. soyoae and a vestimentiferan tube worm Lamellibrachia sp. collected at a depth of 1170 m in Sagami Bay. The 13 C/ 12 C of clams varied from −35.9 to − 38.7% in C. phaseoliformis and from − 34.3 to − 35.5% in C. soyoae . 13 C/ 12 C of the tube worm (−19.9% in tube, and −25.8% in trophosome) differed markedly from that of C. soyoae collected at the same location. 15 N/ 14 N of the clams varied from −3.3 to + 0.8% in C. phaseoliformis and from −4.1 to +9.6% in C. soyoae . 15 N/ 14 N of the tube worm were −3.6% in tube, and − 4.1% in trophosome. In Calyptogena , gills showed the lowest 13 C/ 12 C and 15 N/ 14 N ratios. The 15 N/ 14 N of the gill of C. soyoae reported here was the lowest (−9.6%) ever reported for animals in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. A possibility of seepage of isotopically depleted ammonium is briefly discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Lifelong Learning Tendencies of Prospective Teachers

Stunning developments in this era have brought different meanings in both educational conditions and time and space in education. Developing technologies have made education applicable everywhere. In other words, education has been taken outside of the known space (classic school walls). Individuals’ constant innovation has caused the development of the concept of “lifelong learning”, which is among the primary concepts in today’s educational studies. However, teachers play a key role in accepting and accurately perceiving this approach. Because approaches and tendencies of teachers concerning this subject will be effective upon forming a relevant perception in their environment. Education received by teachers in the preservice period plays an important role in the formation of a positive or a negative tendency. Thus, the determination of lifelong learning tendencies of prospective teachers is very important in terms of educational strategies to be developed in this direction. The objective of this study is to determine lifelong learning tendencies of prospective teachers according to different variables. Target population of the study consisted of students studying in different grades of Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education. As the group where the study data would be collected was very intense; no sample was selected to represent the population. In this context, 350 students studying in different grades were included in the sample. In the study, the data were collected via a scale that was developed by Coskun Diker (2009). The collected data were analyzed and tabulated via the SPSS package software. Examining the data; it was observed that lifelong learning tendencies of prospective teachers differed according to gender, academic achievement, grade and the state of participating in a personal development course.  Lifelong Learning, Lifelong Learning Tendency, Prospective Teacher, Teacher Training, Continuing Education

Field of study: Education
MicroRNA Control of Invasion and Metastasis Pathways

Despite recent advances, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In developed countries, the incidence of colorectal and breast cancer has been stable, but no improvement in prognosis has been observed if the patient presents with metastases at diagnosis. This fact highlights the importance of therapeutic approaches targeting cellular invasion and metastasis programs as the next step in cancer treatment. During carcinoma progression a process called epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) results in enhanced invasion and motility which is directly linked with loss of epithelial polarity and epithelial junctions, migration permissive cytoskeleton alterations, and the acquisition of mesenchymal properties. The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) controlling key cellular pathways has opened a new era in understanding how EMT pathways are modulated. In this review, we classify EMT regulating proteins according to their cellular localization (membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear), and summarize the current knowledge on how they are controlled by miRNAs and propose potential miRNAs for the transcripts that may control their expression.

Field of study: Biology
The Lingering Death of Indian Tribute in Ecuador

ERUVIAN social critic Manuel Gonzalez Prada once posed the following question: "Does the Indian suffer less under the Republic than under Spanish rule?" His rhetorical reply strongly suggested that the Indian's condition deteriorated after Indepen-dence. Though the oppressive colonial institutions of corregimientos and encomiendas were gone, the Indian was still the victim of inhumane systems of forced labor and conscription. "We keep him in ignorance and seifdom," wrote Gonzalez Prada. "We debase him in our barracks; we brutalize him with alcohol; we hurl him to his destruction in our civil wars."1 In the neighboring Andean republic of Ecuador the same question has been posed and answered similarly many times. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado, Ecuadorian humanitarian and publicist, once declared that Independence from Spain was harmful to the native peoples of his nation.2 Though Jaramillo relied chiefly on vigorous assertion to support his indictment, he could easily have cited the testimony of early nineteenthcentury witnesses. In 1835, for example, Liberal President Vicente Rocafuerte declared that the tribute-paying Indian "groans under a shameful feudalism more unfortunate than that of Russia."3 Eleven years later, the members of a constituent congress of Ecuador justified a reduction in tribute rate with the assertion that the living standard of "the miserable class of indigenas has declined visibly since Independence."4 Foreign travelers who visited Ecuador between 1830 and 1856 almost invariably

Field of study: History
An alternative approach for screening active bam HI variants: overexpression in T-7 RNA polymerase based system.

The type II restriction endonuclease, Bam HI, has been overexpressed in E. coli by cloning the Bam HI gene in frame with an E. coli Ribosome Binding Site (RBS) under the T7 promoter of an E. coli expression vector pRSET A. The expression level of Bam HI endonuclease using this construct was found to be higher than that reported of the overexpressing clone pAEK14. Our overexpressing clone, pAABRw in BL21 cells in presence of Bam HI methylase in pMAP6 following induction with IPTG yields about 9.2 x 10(6) units per gram wet cell paste. In vivo activity of the recombinant endonuclease could be confirmed by the SOS induction assay in JH139 cells even in the absence of T7 polymerase and cognate Bam HI methylase because of leaky expression in E. coli. This provides an alternate way to screen the active endonuclease and its variants.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
On the Rogosinski radius for holomorphic mappings and some of its applications

The well known theorem of Rogosinski asserts that if the modulus of the sum of a power series is less than 1 in the open unit disk: |∞n=0 anz| < 1, |z| < 1, then all its partial sums are less than 1 in the disk of radius 1/2: ∣∣ k ∑ n=0 anz n ∣∣ < 1, |z| < 1 2 , and this radius is sharp. We present a generalization of this theorem to holomorphic mappings of the open unit ball into an arbitrary convex domain. Other multidimensional analogs of Rogosinski’s theorem as well as some applications to dynamical systems are considered. 1. Preliminaries. Let Ω be a domain in Cn. By Hol(Ω,C) we denote the space of holomorphic functions in Ω with the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets. Let {φk(z)}k=0 be a given basis in Hol(Ω,C). Definition 1.1. The Bohr radius B(Ω, {φk}) is the largest number r > 0 such that if f ∈ Hol(Ω) has the expansion ∞ ∑ k=0 ckφk(z) = f(z) and if |f(z)| < 1 in Ω, then ∞ ∑ k=0 |ckφk(z)| < 1 in Ωr = rΩ, homothety of Ω. Definition 1.2. The Rogosinski radius R(Ω, {φk}) is the largest number r > 0 such that, under the conditions of the previous definition, the 2000

Field of study: Mathematics
Frail Elderly Adults: Concerns and Recommendations

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Multidisciplinary team works are needed to perform research on assessments and intervention programs to prevent or postpone frailty  Frailty is a multi-dimensional syndrome; the most common domains assessed include physical function, gait speed or mobility, and cognition (1, 2). Most assessment methods allow for subcategories that reflect the degree of frailty, including non-frail, pre-frail, and frail (3-5). As reported previously, the overall prevalence of frailty is around 4.1 – 14% in those aged 65 and over in Europe, UK, and USA (2, 6, 7). Frailty is the precursor of functional degeneration in elderly persons, and is the intermediate stage between independent living and death (8). Numerous studies have indicated that frailty decreases the activity and living quality and causes cognitive function impairment (3, 8, 9). In addition, it is associated with daily living function disability, falls, and elevated risks of institutionalization or hospitalization, and may even lead to death (10). Academics have opinions on development factors, clinical definitions, and evaluation methods for frailty and no standardized or consistent concept has been developed. The significance of frailty for the aging in health care is being acknowledged and proponed (2-4). Meanwhile, most assessment methods involve retrospective evaluation that require elderly persons to recall weight variations during the past year or physical activity in the past week (2, 3, 10). These methods are prone to creating biased memories, and are not feasible for screening high-risk patients. Therefore, the assessment of physical fitness is an objective evaluation tool for determining frailty. Objective assessments of elderly persons’ physical abilities and fitness are highly predictive for frailty and level of disability (3, 11). Therefore, objective evaluation of physical fitness status enables early detection for frailty. This enables the further supplementation of relevant guidance and health care interventions to prevent further frailty or mortality. Consequently, multidisciplinary team including physicians, nursing staff, social workers, psychologists, nutritionist, and rehabilitation therapist should focus on this high-risk population and actively perform research on assessments and intervention programs to prevent or postpone frailty (12)

Field of study: Medicine
Using Real-Life Activities in an Interactive Engagement Manner in the Teaching and Learning of Newton’s First Law of Motion in a Ghanaian University

Most Ghanaian university physics students depend on rote learning and rote problem solving, without having the conceptual knowledge of concepts that are being studied. This is so because the Ghanaian style of setting and answering of questions favour those students who have the ability to do rote memorization of learning. The instructors start physics (mechanics) teaching by first introducing the topic and lecturing on general principles. They then use the principles to derive mathematical models, show illustrative applications of the models and give students some practice question(s) in similar derivations and finally test their ability to do the same during examination. Little or no attention is paid to the question why any of that is being done, what real world phenomena the models can explain and which practical problems can be used to solve them. Ghana cannot afford to follow this trend, where the youth seem to lose their interest for understanding the concepts of physics and other science subjects in our universities and schools. The advances in physics provide human beings with the ability to achieve greater and more in-depth understanding of nature. In this study, real-life activities were used in an interactive engagement manner in the teaching and learning of Newton’s first law of motion in a Ghanaian lecture room. The analyses of teaching and learning processes that were videoed and transcribed showed that students’ involvement or interactive engagement in class led to enhance their conceptual understanding of the concepts of Newton’s first law of motion.

Field of study: Education
Program Design for Prediction of Parameters of Model of Control Object in Thermal Process

On the basis of the Method of Nelder-Mead and nonlinear least square method,a program was designed to predict parameters of the model of control object in thermal process. The program was tested by prediction of parameters of several typical model in thermal control process. The result indicated that parameters which were predicted by the program agreed well with actual process. It showed that the program could be used for parameter setting of thermal process control.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Survival of acid adapted and non-acid adapted Salmonella Typhimurium in pasteurized orange juice and yogurt under different storage temperatures

The survival capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium acid adapted and non-acid adapted cells was monitored in pasteurized yogurt (pH 4.1) and orange juice (pH 3.6) during storage at different temperatures (4, 10, 25 and 37 ℃). Acid adapted and non-acid adapted cells were obtained by means of their growth for 36 h in Brain Heart Infusion broth acidified at pH 4.8 with citric acid and buffered (pH 7.0) Brain Heart Infusion broth, respectively. S. typhimurium showed a great ability to survive in both foodstuffs and, especially, in yogurt, where both acid adapted and non-acid adapted populations suffered only a reduction of about 1.3–1.9 log10 cycles after 43 days of storage in the range of temperatures 4–25 ℃. At 37 ℃ a higher bacterial inactivation was observed (4.0–4.4 log10 cycles). In orange juice, a different behaviour was observed for acid-adapted and non-acid adapted cells. Whereas non-acid adapted cells survived better than acid adapted cells at 4 and 10 ℃, acid adapted cells showed enhanced survival abilities at higher temperatures (25 and 37 ℃). Thus, the times required to achieve a 5 log10 cycles reduction for non-acid adapted and acid adapted cells were 10.2 and 6.0 (4 ℃), 6.3 and 4.2 (10 ℃), 0.6 and 1.0 (25 ℃) and 0.10 and 0.15 (37 ℃) days, respectively. Evidence found in this study demonstrates that refrigeration temperatures protect S. typhimurium from inactivation in acid foods and indicates that S. typhimurium acid tolerance response (ATR) is determined by storage temperature and food composition.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Annealing of Schottky contacts deposited on dry etched AlGaN/GaN

The influence of annealing on properties of Pt Schottky contacts deposited on the electron cyclotron resonance plasma etched surface of an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure has been investigated. It is found that rapid thermal annealing (450 °C and 40 s in nitrogen gas), performed after metal deposition, allows for the preparation of Schottky contacts with similar or better properties than those obtained on a non-etched surface. This procedure is suitable for the realization of recessed high-quality Schottky contacts of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.

Field of study: Materials science
Projected image correction technology research on autonomous-perception anisotropic surfaces.

In this paper, a projection correction method is proposed for autonomous-perception depth anisotropic surfaces, in order to improve the adaptive perceptual projection of the projection equipment under different circumstances. During the parameter calibration process of a projector-camera system with low recognition precision, as well as low noise resistance at angular points, an angular-point subpixel detection algorithm based on color information guidance was proposed to effectively improve the identification precision of the angular-point detection. Meanwhile, the projection geometry correction algorithm was proposed, which was based on the topology analysis, in order to analyze the spatial topology distribution of the depth anisotropic surface and also to solve the homography matrix in the different regions of the anisotropic surface. Eventually, the homography matrix was used for the geometric distortion correction of the projection distortion image. The experimental analysis showed that the identification accuracy of the proposed method achieved 0.25 pixels, with simultaneous high planar parallelism and liner perpendicularity. Through utilizing the method proposed by us for the projection correction of the depth anisotropic surface, it was confirmed that the geometric distortion correction precision of the proposed method had reached the subpixel level, and the consistency level of the imaging picture was also confirmed.

Field of study: Physics
Influence of pyridoxine & protein on isoenzymes of l-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in rat tissues.

Weanling male Wistar rats weighing 40 to 50 g were fed to appetite on pyridoxine-deficient diets containing vitamin-free casein 80 or 180 g/kg; pyridoxine supplement, when given, was 10 mg/kg diet. After 7 days aspartate aminotransferase activity was 50 to 60% higher in liver mitochondria of rats on high-protein diet than in those on low-protein diet; pyridoxine supplements did not affect the enzyme activity at either protein level. Liver supernatant aspartate amino-transferase was enhanced by pyridoxine supplementation at either dietary protein level, but the higher level of protein alone did not affect the supernatant enzyme activity. Aspartate aminotransferase activities of heart mitochondria and supernatant were both enhanced only by pyridoxine supplementation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with PTR-MS at an urban site of India: Role of emissions, meteorology and photochemical sources.

Within the outline of air quality studies at metropolitan city, the mixing ratios of seven selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during December 2015 (winter) at an urban site of Pune. The measurement of VOCs was conducted using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS). The study represents daily variability of ambient VOCs and their various associated emission sources. Diurnal profiles have differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of different meteorological parameters (i.e. solar radiation, temperature) and planetary boundary layer height (PBL-H). The hourly mixing ratios of Oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics were in the ranges of 0.6-29 ppbv and 0.13-14 ppbv, respectively with OVOCs accounted for up to 75% of total measured VOCs. The role of long-range transport from the clear Thar Desert and polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was observed during the episodes of 1-15 and 17-31 December 2015, respectively. VOCs showed the strong diurnal variations with peaks during morning and evening hours and lowest in the afternoon. In the evening period, high levels of aromatics coincided with the lowest OVOCs suggests the role of fresh vehicular emissions. Emission ratios of various VOCs as a function of temperature showed the role of different sources including the biogenic and photochemical production as well as the anthropogenic sources, respectively. The higher emission ratio of Δmethanol/Δacetonitrile at the study site suggests the long range transport of biomass burning plumes from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the 17-31, Dec. 2015. In addition to the pattern of emission, the diurnal and day-to-day variations of VOCs were influenced by the local meteorological conditions and depth of planetary boundary layer (PBL-H).

Field of study: Environmental science
On the linear driving force approximation for adsorption cooling applications

This paper aims to address the effect of using classical Linear Driving Force (LDF) model on the performance of adsorption chillers. A comparative study between the well known LDF equation and the Fickian diffusion (FD) model has been conducted. Two adsorbent/refrigerant pairs namely, RD silica gel/water and “CaCl2 confined to KSK silica gel”/water pairs have been used. Relative and absolute errors between adsorption uptakes estimated by both models have been estimated. It is found that the LDF model has numerous errors at relatively shorter adsorption times which imply that using LDF equation may lead to incorrect evaluation of the performance of adsorption chiller especially at short cycle times. This study also presents an improved form of LDF model considering the dependency of the particle mass transfer coefficient on the dimensionless time. Theoretical calculations show good agreement between the improved LDF approximation and the FD model.

Field of study: Engineering