nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Issues in the Paraphilias

Purpose of ReviewTo examine the empirical bases underlying the diagnoses of the paraphilias. We address issues concerning the reliability of these diagnoses and their implications for etiology, treatment, and prognosis.Recent FindingsResearch on these issues with the paraphilias is quite limited except for those paraphilics whose interests lead them to sexually offend. Even among these clients, research has, for the most part, failed to distinguish those who meet criteria for a paraphilia from those who do not, thereby limiting the possibility of drawing firm conclusions regarding the value of a paraphilic diagnosis.SummarySpeculations regarding the etiology of the paraphilias are for the most part limited to those who sexually offend and these theories do not distinguish those who do, or do not, meet paraphilic criteria. Treatment of sex offenders, when effective, appears to have the same impact regardless of whether or not clients meet criteria for a paraphilia. In terms of prognosis, it was only among untreated child molesters that a paraphilic diagnosis (in this case “pedophilia”) predicted long-term outcome. In the face of these problems, we suggest a dimensional approach to diagnoses may represent an improvement over the current categorical model.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF S-ALKENYL DERIVATIVES OF 8-QUINOLINETHIOL

8-Vinyl-, styryl-, (1-propenyl)thioquinolines, 8-quinoline vinyl sulfoxide, and 8-quinoline vinyl sulfone have been synthesized. Their structures have been studied by molecular mechanics and quantum chemistry. Authors: D. G. Kim, R. M. Arslambekov, Yu. O. Subbotina, and A. V. Belik.  Translation in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , 1999, 35 (11), pp 1325-1328 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02252002

Field of study: Chemistry
Analysis of bacterial composition in marine sponges reveals the influence of host phylogeny and environment

Bacterial communities associated with sponges are influenced by environmental factors; however, some degree of genetic influence of the host on the microbiome is also expected. In this work, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed diverse bacterial phylotypes based on the phylogenies of three tropical sponges (Aplysina fulva, Aiolochroia crassa and Chondrosia collectrix). Despite their sympatric occurrence, the studied sponges presented different bacterial compositions that differed from those observed in seawater. However, lower dissimilarities in bacterial communities were observed within sponges from the same phylogenetic group. The relationships between operational taxonomic units (OTUs) recovered from the sponges and database sequences revealed associations among sequences from unrelated sponge species and sequences retrieved from diverse environmental samples. In addition, one Proteobacteria OTU retrieved from A. fulva was identical to sequences previously reported from A. fulva specimens collected along the Brazilian coast. Based on these results, we conclude that bacterial communities associated with marine sponges are shaped by host identity, while environmental conditions seem to be less important in shaping symbiont communities. This is the first study to assess bacterial communities associated with marine sponges in the remote St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. &NA;  Linking sponge phylogeny to associated bacteria.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Direct formation of A15 phase through RHQ treatment in RIT processed Nb/Al-Cu precursor wire

In Nb/sub 3/Al wire with 2.5at% added copper, the Nb/sub 3/Al filaments form directly during a RHQ (rapid heating and quenching) treatment and show excellent superconducting properties. The Nb/sub 3/Al filaments appear to form rapidly during the quenching, because many stacking faults are observed. We found that two different transformation conditions yielded excellent superconducting properties. At high temperature, the Cu-added Nb/sub 3/Al wire showed T/sub c/ of 18.3 K, B/sub irr/ (4.2 K) of 29.3 T, and J/sub c/ (4.2 K, 20 T) of 800 A/mm/sup 2/, while at lower temperature these values were 18.2 K, 29.4 T, and 710 A/mm/sup 2/. Although the resultant properties are similar, the latter processing conditions produced a significant quantity of /spl sigma/-phase particles. The net J/sub c/ (4.2 K) of Nb/sub 3/Al phase in this latter wire is very high, e.g., 1760, 1180, and 700 A/mm/sup 2/ at 18, 20 and 22 T respectively.

Field of study: Physics
Assessment of serum level of corticotropin-releasing factor in primary nocturnal enuresis.

Primary nocturnal enuresis is one of the sleep related phenomena characterized by disruption in the relationship between arousal and urination. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neurohormone released from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus into the median eminence to elicit release of adrenocorticotrophin from the anterior pituitary. It may act to modulate autonomic function and behavior in concert with the endocrine effects. Conflicting animal studies about the role of CRF in micturition, either facilitating or inhibiting, have been raised. It was suggested to be a novel target for treatment of urinary disorders based on the finding that manipulation of CRF in the pontine micturition circuit could affect urodynamic function.



The aim was to throw light on the possible role of CRF in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis by assessing its serum level.



Twenty-nine children aged 8-14 years complaining of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy children with good toilet control day and night were recruited to the study. History taking, clinical examination, and assessment of serum CRF levels in the morning and evening (9 a.m. and 9 p.m.) were carried out for all patients and controls.



A positive family history of enuresis was detected in 82.8% of enuretic patients. Serum levels of CRF (both morning and evening) were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Several animal studies suggested that CRF in descending projections from Barrington's nucleus to the lumbosacral parasympathetic neurons is inhibitory to micturition, which supports our results and the assumption that reduction of the evening serum CRF level could have a role in the occurrence of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. No significant difference was found between morning and evening CRF serum levels in either cases or controls, which negates our assumption of having a rhythmic pattern of release (figure). No correlations with age were found. According to their history, all our enuretic patients were deep sleepers. Deep sleep and difficult arousal were found to have a major role in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. It was proposed that CRF function may allow arousal to occur before micturition to facilitate preparative behaviors. A lower CRF level may explain deep-sleep pattern in children with enuresis.



CRF was deficient in our enuretic children, which may draw attention to the possible pathophysiological implications in primary nocturnal enuresis (either at the level of loss of inhibitory effect on micturition or lack of arousal in response to bladder distension). Further proof studies are recommended.

Field of study: Medicine
Constraining the Symmetry Parameters of the Nuclear Interaction

One of the major uncertainties in the dense matter equation of state has been the nuclear symmetry energy. The density dependence of the symmetry energy is important in nuclear astrophysics, as it controls the neutronization of matter in core-collapse supernovae, the radii of neutron stars and the thicknesses of their crusts, the rate of cooling of neutron stars, and the properties of nuclei involved in r-process nucleosynthesis. We show that fits of nuclear masses to experimental masses, combined with other experimental information from neutron skins, heavy ion collisions, giant dipole resonances and dipole polarizabilities, lead to stringent constraints on parameters that describe the symmetry energy near the nuclear saturation density. These constraints are remarkably consistent with inferences from theoretical calculations of pure neutron matter, and, furthermore, with astrophysical observations of neutron stars. The concordance of experimental, theoretical and observational analyses suggests that the symmetry parameters S v and L are in the range 29.0‐32.7 MeV and 40.5‐61.9 MeV, respectively, and that the neutron star radius, for a 1.4 M star, is in the narrow window 10.7 km < R < 13.1 km (90% confidence). We can also set tight limits to the size of neutron star crusts and the fractional moment of inertia they contain, as well as the overall moment of inertia and quadrupole polarizability of 1.4 M stars. Our results also have implications for the disk mass and ejected mass of compact mergers involving neutron stars.

Field of study: Physics
A carbon-source-responsive element is required for regulation of the hypoxic ADP/ATP carrier (AAC3) isoform in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by three genes that are differentially expressed under different physiological conditions. We investigated the transcriptional control of AAC3, an oxygen-repressed isoform. By deletion analysis, DNA electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, DNase I footprinting and site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified a promoter region (upstream repressing sequence 1, URS(1)) involved in a carbon-source-dependent repression of AAC3. It is different from the previously characterized oxygen-dependent ROX1 (regulation by oxygen 1) repressor-binding region (URS(2)). The complex character of URS(1) includes the presence of two different cis-acting sequences: (i) a RAP1 (repressor activator protein 1)-binding site that is capable of binding the RAP1 protein in vitro and (ii) two putative ethanol-repression sequences, the modification of which derepresses the AAC3 gene. These findings demonstrate that the hypoxic AAC3 gene is regulated by two upstream repressor sites; one controlled by oxygen and haem, the other by the carbon source. Both sites function to completely switch off the expression of the AAC3 isoform when ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation, and they modulate AAC3 expression when import of glycolytic ATP into mitochondria is required.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Model Simplification Based on Blend Surface Reconstruction

Model simplification plays an important role in improving speed and quality of generating finite element mesh. Blend feature is one common feature of the geometry modeling. The present simplification methods are that the blend feature is removed directly from the model. However,these methods can achieve the model simplification,and destroy the original external shape. This paper proposes a novel model simplification method based on blend surface reconstruction,which blend surface is decomposed by the medial axis,after decomposition,reconstruction is made for blend and its adjacent faces for model simplification purpose. Compared with other methods,it can reduce the number of boundary surfaces on the basis of not changing external shape of the model so that it can expect model simplification. With adoption of the same mesh generation algorithm and controls parameter,the number of finite element mesh of the simplified model is far less than that of the original model.

Field of study: Computer science
The Interaction Between Asthma and Anxiety: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Young People’s Experiences

Asthma and anxiety are highly co-morbid, and their interaction leads to exacerbations for both conditions. This study explored the interplay between these two conditions from the perspective of children and adolescents. The objective was to identify potential mechanisms of interaction between asthma and anxiety, and to derive improvements for prevention and treatment. Eleven semi-structured interviews of young people (aged 11–15), who met criteria for both asthma and anxiety, were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Well-established qualitative research recommendations were followed to promote credibility and rigour in the findings. Eight themes emerged that were organised in three domains: (i) asthma affecting anxiety by inhibiting coping activities or developmental tasks and by triggering unhelpful thinking and behaviour; (ii) anxiety affecting asthma by impairing self-care and triggering hyperventilation; (iii) interactions between asthma and anxiety, including self-perpetuating feedback cycles and symptom confusion. The proposed mechanisms could help tailor cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce anxiety and asthma complications.

Field of study: Psychology
MRI Functional Evaluation of Children with Renal Dysfunction: First Clinical Experience

This survey communicates the first experiences with absolute quantification of the glomerular filtration rate using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in children with renal dysfunction.  The study included 8 children (5-13 years) who were hospitalized for scientigraphic evaluation, all presenting with congenital urinary or renal disorders. MRI renography was acquired with a clinical MRI system using: 1) a dynamic contrast-enhanced multi-sequence in parallel with an iv bolus of the MRI contrast agent Gd-DTPA (0.05 mM/kg), and 2) MRI volumetry obtained with a morphological multislice sequence covering both kidneys. MRI-GFR was calculated by novel mathematical approaches, based on pixel-wise GFR calculation and measured renal parenchymal volume. Reference-GFR values were found by scientigraphy (gamma emission counting in blood samples withdrawn 0-4 hours following injection of 99mTc-DTPA).  The table shows calculated values of GFR based on MRI and radioisotope techniques. Two patients failed to successfully undertake the entire examination protocol. In 5 patients, we demonstrated MRI-GFR values comparable to the reference technique (see Table).  Although differences were observed between MRI and reference methods, this initial experience in children advocates contrast-enhanced MRI as a potential technique for non-invasive measurements of GFR, both on a regional and whole kidney basis. Further patients should be evaluated to reveal whether this approach may become attractive in daily urological or nephrological diagnosis. Table 1 . Patient # GFR MR GFR MR ml/min ml/min 1 103 72 2 93 104 3 106 118 4 87 89 5 75 79 6 97 102

Field of study: Medicine
Architecture of Streptococcus mutans biofilms

To observe the architecture of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) biofilms utilizing of an experimental model of S.mutans biofilms in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).  S.mutans biofilms were formed on glass slices in 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 h respectively. The scanning picture, depth and the area of green and red light per layer of biofilms were observed by CLSM. Bacterial density and the percentage of vital bacteria were calculated. The three-dimensional reconstruction of biofilm pictures were obtained by special software of scanning data of biofilms.  It was shown that S.mutans biofilm had three-dimensional spatial architecture with various forms. A lot of vital and dead bacteria gathered densely in biofilms. Bacteria were embeded in rich extracellular polymers. There were abundant channels in biofilms. Among all the biofilms at every time slot we observed, those of 24 h were the thickest in terms of average level. Bacterial density was higher at both the interior and middle layers than at the outer layer. As for the biofilm within 72 h, the percentage of vital bacteria at every time slot increased from the inner layer to the outer.  S.mutans biofilm had a certain degree of thickness. Its structure was three-dimensioned, heterogeneous, openness and of various forms.

Field of study: Biology
Learning Piece-wise Linear Models from Large Scale Data for Ad Click Prediction

CTR prediction in real-world business is a difficult machine learning problem with large scale nonlinear sparse data. In this paper, we introduce an industrial strength solution with model named Large Scale Piece-wise Linear Model (LS-PLM). We formulate the learning problem with $L_1$ and $L_{2,1}$ regularizers, leading to a non-convex and non-smooth optimization problem. Then, we propose a novel algorithm to solve it efficiently, based on directional derivatives and quasi-Newton method. In addition, we design a distributed system which can run on hundreds of machines parallel and provides us with the industrial scalability. LS-PLM model can capture nonlinear patterns from massive sparse data, saving us from heavy feature engineering jobs. Since 2012, LS-PLM has become the main CTR prediction model in Alibaba's online display advertising system, serving hundreds of millions users every day.

Field of study: Computer science
Production of intense low-energy positron beams with synchrotron radiation.

A low-energy positron beam is a unique probe of Fermi surfaces, defects, surfaces and interfaces. In high-energy electron and positron storage rings (E > 6 GeV) it is possible to generate intense synchrotron radiation with 1-3 MeV photons by installing a high-field superconducting wiggler. The strength of the wiggler should be ~8-12 T. High-energy photons are emitted from the wiggler and converted to low-energy positrons by using a suitable target-moderator system. For an 8 GeV electron storage ring at a beam current of 100 mA, final yields are estimated to be ~10(10)-10(12) (slow-e(+) s(-1)) with the size of positron source ~10(2)-10(3) cm(2). The possibility of increasing the brightness of the low-energy positron beam is discussed. Advantages of using synchrotron radiation for producing positrons are pointed out. The effect of a superconducting wiggler on the stored electron beam is also discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Suppression of Enteric Bacteria by Bacteriophages: Importance of Phage Polyvalence in the Presence of Soil Bacteria.

Bacteriophages are widely recognized for their importance in microbial ecology and bacterial control. However, little is known about how phage polyvalence (i.e., broad host range) affects bacterial suppression and interspecies competition in environments harboring enteric pathogens and soil bacteria. Here we compare the efficacy of polyvalent phage PEf1 versus coliphage T4 in suppressing a model enteric bacterium (E. coli K-12) in mixtures with soil bacteria (Pseudomonas putida F1 and Bacillus subtilis 168). Although T4 was more effective than PEf1 in infecting E. coli K-12 in pure cultures, PEf1 was 20-fold more effective in suppressing E. coli under simulated multispecies biofilm conditions because polyvalence enhanced PEf1 propagation in P. putida. In contrast, soil bacteria do not propagate coliphages and hindered T4 diffusion through the biofilm. Similar tests were also conducted under planktonic conditions to discern how interspecies competition contributes to E. coli suppression without the confounding effects of restricted phage diffusion. Significant synergistic suppression was observed by the combined effects of phages plus competing bacteria. T4 was slightly more effective in suppressing E. coli in these planktonic mixed cultures, even though PEf1 reached higher concentrations by reproducing also in P. putida (7.2 ± 0.4 vs 6.0 ± 1.0 log10PFU/mL). Apparently, enhanced suppression by higher PEf1 propagation was offset by P. putida lysis, which decreased stress from interspecies competition relative to incubations with T4. In similar planktonic tests with more competing soil bacteria species, P. putida lysis was less critical in mitigating interspecies competition and PEf1 eliminated E. coli faster than T4 (36 vs 42 h). Overall, this study shows that polyvalent phages can propagate in soil bacteria and significantly enhance suppression of co-occurring enteric species.

Field of study: Environmental science
High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Genetic Changes in BRCA1/2 gene

Conventional mutation analysis requires a separation step and include single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, heteroduplex analysis, denaturing HPLC, and temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis These methods require separation of PCR products on a gel or other matrix, often take hours to perform, and increase the risk of contamination in future reactions because PCR products are exposed to the environment. High Resolution Melting (HRM) can simplify the mutation scanning  analysis in BRCA 1/2 gene. DNA from affected patients and family members were amplified with Real-Time PCR reaction and followed by Sanger Sequencing to reconfirm the mutation status if mutation obtained by HRM Method. HRM Method was able to show distinction in differential curves of mutated BRCA 2 gene c.4600T>C, with codon modification of CAT>TAT, when compared to wildtype. To determine point mutation in a sample, this method requires two groups of experimental standards and standard curves. The first standard produced by using samples without mutation (wildtype/negative control) and the second standard produced by using samples with mutation (positive control), that have been confirmed with Sanger Sequencing. The sequencing analysis of the affected patient and the family members showed that a mutation occurred (BRCA2 c.4600T>C) and was segregated in the family history. This mutation caused amino acid alteration in BRCA2 protein (p.H1458Y). HRM Method is an excellent tool to analyze genetic modification of BRCA1/2 genes, especially to investigate co-segregation of mutated genes among family members of affected patient. This method can provide more sensitive results to determine mutation in patient, before using Sanger Sequencing analysis.  BRCA, HRM, Gene Mutation

Field of study: Medicine
Modeling and performance analysis of QoS-aware load balancing of Web-server clusters

This paper introduces mechanisms to correlate contents and priorities of incoming HTTP requests used for server process scheduling with the load balancing policies for Web-server clusters. This approach enables both load balancing and Web quality of service (QoS). Another contribution is a modeling and analysis technique based on stochastic high-level Petri net methods for QoS-aware load balancing. We propose an approximate analysis technique to reduce the complexity of the model.

Field of study: Computer science
Photographic Analysis of Certain Letter Forms with Respect to Speed Changes and Stability

The photographic method of analyzing hand writing has been adapted to the purposes of this experiment. It has the advantage of being the most exacting and quantitatively suitable technique for the analysis of stability and speed. Some of the major specific measures in the determination of these characteristics are: duration and number of pauses, duration and speed of strokes and forms, percent of time to contact strokes, and percent of time to air strokes within the form. Stability in writing, meaning no change, deter ioration, or improvement of writing over a period of time, is measured in terms of changes in these specific measures.

Field of study: Education