nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonneutralizing human IgM monoclonal antibody inhibiting hemagglutination of H3N2 influenza A strains.

A mouse-human hybridoma has been produced by fusing human splenocytes from a Cooley's anemia patient with the murine myeloma P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1. The hybridoma is stable after 18 months and secretes human IgM. The antibody reacts with some H3N2 influenza A strains and detects an epitope that is part of the hemagglutinin antigen, but does not affect virus infectivity.

Field of study: Biology
Factors Influencing the Accuracy of the Feeling-of-Knowing

The accuracy of the feeling-of-knowing was assessed with regard to recall and recognition under three conditions: advanced or non-advanced organizers; learned or non-learned information; and sex differences. Twenty subjects learned pair-associates and were tested for recall and recognition accompanied by ratings of feeling-of-knowing strength. The lack of differences between feeling-of-knowing hits and feeling-of-knowing misses found in other studies was attributed on a statistical basis to population differences. The feeling-of-knowing was not accurate for recall of information; however, it was for recognition. The degree of information storage significantly affected the feeling-of-knowing; sex did not. Finally, advanced organizers facilitated the recognition of information but had no effect on the feeling-of-knowing.

Field of study: Education
Preparations of zeolite ZSM-35 zembranes on porous α-Al_2O_3 tubes

Respectively in the systems of pyrrodine and 1-Butylamine as templates, ZSM-35 type zeolite membranes were hydrothermally synthesized originally in situ on the outer surface of porous α-Al_2O_3 tubes with pore size of 3—5μm.Characterization of the as-prepared membranes with XRD and SEM showed that the prepared membranes were typical zeolite ZSM-35 membranes, on which the zeolite crystals grew interlockedly and compactly and covered completely the outer surface of the ceramic tubes with thickness of about 12—18 μm, and that templates with different structures influenced apparently the morphology of the as-prepared membranes; calcinations of as-synthesized membranes at different temperatures indicated the orientation of crystals on the as-prepared membranes tended to be along (h 0 0) direction with increasing calcination temperatures; and at ambient temperature,H_2, N_2 and C_3H_8 single component permeance tests of the membranes reached the order of magitude 10 -6 with H_2/N_2 and H_2/C_3H_8 selectivity factors respectively above their corresponding ideal Knudsen diffusion factors.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Do generic firms and the Spanish public purchaser respond to consumer price differences of generics under reference pricing?

To assess the impact of competition on the consumer price and the average price paid by the National Health System (NHS) under reference pricing in the Spanish generic market.



Descriptive analysis of the time trend in consumer prices before and after the application of reference pricing for the eight most sold active ingredients from 1997 to 2009.



The entry of a generic at a lower consumer price than that of the brand-name pharmaceutical or the first generic does not cause a voluntary reduction in the consumer price of either the brand drug or the first generic, either before or after the application of RP. Generic entry at a lower consumer price than previously existing pharmaceuticals always causes a slight reduction in the average price paid by the NHS; however, the average price paid by the NHS is always notably higher than the lowest, the difference being greater in relative terms under reference pricing.



The Spanish RP system results in very little consumer price competition between generic firms, price reduction thus being limited to regulatory measures. NHS purchases show little sensitivity to price differences between equivalent drugs priced at or below the reference price.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Mechanische Momente von171,173YB, Quadrupolmoment von173Yb und Häufigkeitsverhältnis von173Yb171Yb

ZusammenfassungAus der Analyse der Hyperfeinstrukturbilder der drei Yb I-Linienλ 6489, 6799, 7699 hat sich folgendes ergeben: das mechanische Moment von171Ybi=1/2, von173Ybi=5/2, also Sprung um 2 Einheiten. — Die Terme von173Yb liegen umgekehrt. — Das Quadrupolmoment von173Yb istq=+ 3,9 · 10−24 cm2 (verlängerter Kern). — Dieses Quadrupolmoment ist nach175Cp von den bisher bestimmten Quadrupolmomenten das grö\te. Aus Tabelle 1, die alle bekannten Quadrupol-momente wiedergibt, lassen sich gewisse Gesichtspunkte Über die Systematik im Kern entnehmen. — Das Häufigkeitsverhältnis der Isotope173Yb/171Yb wird zu 1,14 bestimmt, im Gegensatz zu den bisher vorliegenden Schätzungen von Aston, aus denen sich der Wert 1,89 ergibt.

Field of study: Physics
Anhui's Leapfrog Development and Construction of Socialist Civil Society

The leapfrog development is a kind of non-conventional development which makes Anhui display advantage of backwardness,explore the innovation mechanism,surpass developed province and realize the economy soaring.Construction of a new socialist civil society provides the important social environment for construction of harmonious Anhui and realization of Anhui's leapfrog development.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Xenon: Oscillator strengths and photoionization

Electron energy loss spectra of Xe have been analyzed by means of Fano and Lu's collision theory of spectra. A new and improved set of empirical parameters has been determined,eigenquantum defects, orthogonal transformation matrix, anddipole matrix elements. These data have been used to calculate the autoionized profile and the asymmetry parameterβ of the angular distribution of photoelectrons. The autoionization profile is in agreement with the measurements of Huffman, Tanaka, and Larrabee. In addition, the theory predicts a distinct interference effect betweens andd excitation. The energetic shifting between the measured and calculated asymmetry parameterβ observed previously is removed. Nevertheless, deviations concerning the magnitude ofβ nears state excitation are still left unexplained. They are probably due to insufficient resolution of the photoelectron measurement.

Field of study: Physics
Composing Community in Late Medieval Music: Self-Reference, Pedagogy, and Practice. Jane D. Hatter. Music in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. xviii + 282 pp. $99.99.

the polemics stimulated by the public letters of Descartes’s friend Guez de Balzac, together with brief mention of Descartes’s own intervention in the quarrel on his friend’s behalf. Similarly, in a discussion of Descartes’s correspondence with Elisabeth of Bohemia, Gilby considers whether Descartes’s moral and metaphysical views prevented him from seeing what contemporaries would have regarded as the genuine philosophical significance of tragic theater. Gilby counters the argument by showing how Pierre Corneille’s tragedies of the 1640s end (more or less) happily, thereby supporting Descartes’s counsels to Elisabeth on how to turn the tragic happenings in her own life to profitable moral use. Gilby’s commendable desire to anchor Descartes’s fictional procedures in period context seems, then, to have eclipsed sustained engagement with Descartes’s fictions themselves. One result is a good deal of learned and at times illuminating discussion of issues that are nonetheless tangential to Descartes’s enterprise taken on its own terms. Another is a tendency to force matters. Thus, in the introduction and chapter 1, Gilby tries to align Descartes’s strictures on the need for steely eyed attention in philosophical thought with Jean Chapelain’s views on the role verisimilitude plays in holding readers’ and spectators’ attention to the often credulity-straining events portrayed in prose romance and tragicomic drama. It is true that attention is involved in both cases. However, where Descartes points to the intense mental self-discipline demanded by the philosophical search for truth, Chapelain worries about the risk of losing an audience intent on worldly entertainment. Nor is the kind of verisimilitude required to sustain belief in, say, the Cartesian theory of vortices or the ontological proof of the existence of God the same as the kind the willing suspension of disbelief demanded of theatergoers.

Field of study: History
Fabrication and tunneling measurements of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x//CaF/sub 2//Nb thin film tunnel junctions

The heteroepitaxial growth of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/(YBCO)/CaF/sub 2/ has been studied and this structure has been applied to tunnel junctions. The CaF/sub 2/ thin film were epitaxially grown with [111] orientation on YBCO[110] films. The tunneling measurements of YBCO[110]/CaF/sub 2//Nb junctions exhibited that the differential conductance curves have pronounced gap-like structures with sharp peaks at the energy gap edge. The temperature dependence of the energy gap was well fitted to the scaled BCS curve. The 2 Delta /kTc of about eight was derived from the energy gap of 15 meV and T/sub c/ of 45 K obtained by the fitting. This 2 Delta /kTc value was consistent with the infrared reflectivity data reported for the direction parallel to the Cu-O planes.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Research of Multipoint Real Stream Distribution P2P-SIP Architecture

To solve the problem of the deficiency of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) for multipoint session,a design of SIP combined with P2P multipoint real time stream session mechanism is presented in this paper. To transmission the real time stream among the multipoint,new application layer multicast tree construction algorithm and real time stream distribution algorithm are put forward. In this application layer multicast tree,the two key factors of both bandwidth and delay in streaming media are taken into considered. The simulation and the experiments show that the design is practical and has a great improvement on the quality of real time service.

Field of study: Computer science
Preparation of Magnesium-base Amorphous Materials

Two kinds of Mg-Ni base amorphous strips were prepared by melt-spun in atmosphere condition. It showed that Mg-Ni alloy containing calcium had better capability of forming non-crystalline compared with (Mg-Ni) alloy containing RE, both of the two strips had very good stability at ambient temperature and could be used to prepare further non-crystalline or nanocry-stalline powers, et al.

Field of study: Materials science
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension.

To identify the genetic variants of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) gene in a Chinese population and to determine whether the AT2R gene polymorphisms are associated with essential hypertension (EH).



The detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in 19 subjects by a direct DNA sequencing. Two hundred fifty patients with EH and 250 nomortensive controls were included in the study to assess the contribution of polymorphism of AT2R gene to hypertension.



We identified 9 SNPs in the promoter, intron, exons and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of AT2R gene; among them 5 SNPs were novel molecular variants. A case-control study using a most frequent SNP (1334T/C) in the promoter region, showed a significant increase in allele frequency of C1334 in male hypertensive subjects (17.5 % vs 10.3 % for normotensive subjects, P<0.05).



The catalogue of SNPs of AT2R gene in Chinese population showed ethnic difference in DNA sequence variation. A polymorphism in the promoter region (1334T/C) of AT2R gene might be involved in the development of hypertension in Chinese population.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Extracellular HMGB1 Modulates Glutamate Metabolism Associated with Kainic Acid-Induced Epilepsy-Like Hyperactivity in Primary Rat Neural Cells

Neuroinflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizure/epilepsy. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone DNA binding protein, behaves like an inflammatory cytokine in response to epileptogenic insults. Kainic acid (KA) is an excitotoxic reagent commonly used to induce epilepsy in rodents. However, the molecular mechanism by which KA-induced HMGB1 affords the initiation of epilepsy, especially the role of extracellular HMGB1 in neurotransmitter expression, remains to be elucidated.  Experimental early stage of epilepsy-related hyperexcitability was induced in primary rat neural cells (PRNCs) by KA administration. We measured the localization of HMGB1, cell viability, mitochondrial activity, and expression level of glutamate metabolism-associated enzymes.  KA induced the translocation of HMGB1 from nucleus to cytosol, and its release from the neural cells. The translocation is associated with post-translational modifications. An increase in extracellular HMGB1 decreased PRNC cell viability and mitochondrial activity, downregulated expression of glutamate decarboxylase67 (GAD67) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1/2), and increased intracellular glutamate concentration and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) level.  That a surge in extracellular HMGB1 approximated seizure initiation suggests a key pathophysiological contribution of HMGB1 to the onset of epilepsy-related hyperexcitability.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
The pachypleurosaurid Dactylosaurus schroederi (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Redescription of the small pachypleurosaurid nothosaur Dactylosaurus schroederi Nopsca, 1928, from the Muschelkalk of Upper Silesia (Gorny Slask), Poland, indicates that it closely resembles Neusticosaurus but differs from the latter in a number of features. The forelimb, especially the antebrachium, is very gracile. Dactylosaurus achieves a high degree of ossification at a much smaller body size than other Pachypleurosauridae. The pattern of interzygapophyseal articulation in the trunk region suggests that lateral flexion was largely suppressed. The Pachypleurosauridae represent a distinct radiation of Triassic sauropterygians and combine certain resemblances to plesiosaurs with a number of plesiomorphous features.

Field of study: Environmental science
Research on Effects of Enterprises' Social Responsibilities on Enterprises' Value from Finance's Viewpoint

Along with the economic and social development, people are giving more and more attention to the issue of enterprises' social responsibilities. Enterprises shouldering social responsibilities has become an intrinsic driving force for their own sustainable development. It would not add up to their operation costs. On the contrary, it would increase their value in the long term. This article , first of all, points out that enterprises putting social responsibilities into their strategic plans would help increase their value; Then, it makes a case analysis on the theory, sets up a model, and further explores the conditions for increasing enterprises' value through their shouldering social responsiblities.

Field of study: Economics
The People's Health Movement: A People's Campaign for "HEALTH FOR ALL—NOW!"

The People's Health Assembly and the People's Health Movement have been a civil society effort to counter the ill effects of globalization on health and health care. The Assembly, through an interactive dialogue, developed the People's Charter for Health as a tool for advocacy and a call for radical action. Consisting of a wide range of action initiatives, the People's Charter for Health, now translated into over forty languages, is helping to promote a movement that involves geographical circles of health professionals and activists that organize street-level rallies, policy debates and dialogues, and public education. The movement's advocacy efforts with the WHO and other major international health players and health campaigns are all focused on the goal of "Health for All—Now!"

Field of study: Political science
[Establishment of the human papillomavirus type 31 positive cervical cancer cell line].

The establishment of in vitro model will provide optimal conditions for the study of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer. In this study, E6 and E7 gens of HPV31 were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant proteins were purified and used as antigens to immunize mice for the production of polyclonal antibody. Mammalian expression plasmid pBudCE4. 1-HPV31-E6/E7 was also constructed and transfected into C33A cells. The transfected cells were then selected by Zeocin. The expressions of the E6 and E7 mRNAs and proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. A stable cervical cancer cell line was established as an in vitro model for the study of human papillomavirus type 31(HPV31) associated cervical cancer.

Field of study: Biology
Phytoavailability and mechanism of bound PAH residues in filed contaminated soils.

Understanding the phytoavailability of bound residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils is essential to assessing their environmental fate and risks. This study investigated the release and plant uptake of bound PAH residues (reference to parent compounds) in field contaminated soils after the removal of extractable PAH fractions. Plant pot experiments were performed in a greenhouse using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to examine the phytoavailablility of bound PAH residues, and microcosm incubation experiments with and without the addition of artificial root exudates (AREs) or oxalic acid were conducted to examine the effect of root exudates on the release of bound PAH residues. PAH accumulation in the ryegrass after a 50-day growth period indicated that bound PAH residues were significantly phytoavailable. The extractable fractions, including the desorbing and non-desorbing fractions, dominated the total PAH concentrations in vegetated soils after 50 days, indicating the transfer of bound PAH residues to the extractable fractions. This transfer was facilitated by root exudates. The addition of AREs and oxalic acid to test soils enhanced the release of bound PAH residues into their extractable fractions, resulting in enhanced phytoavailability of bound PAH residues in soils. This study provided important information regarding environmental fate and risks of bound PAH residues in soils.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hybrid Quantum-inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for Knapsack Problem

To tackle the shortcoming of deficient using of feedback information in quantum-inspired evolutionary computing,a novel algorithm based on quantum-inspired evolutionary computation and ant colony optimization,hybrid quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm(HQEA) is proposed in this paper.Solution is represented by quantum chromosome.Quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm is adopted firstly.Ant colony optimization is employed to give the precision of the solution.An intelligent ant colony network is proposed.The characteristic of quantum bit is chosen to present the probability of choosing a path by intelligent ant.Theoretical analyses show that HQEA converges to the global optimum.At last,knapsack problem is used to test the algorithm.

Field of study: Computer science
UHV CAFM characterization of high-k dielectrics: Effect of the technique resolution on the pre- and post-breakdown electrical measurements

In this work, a Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM) working in contact mode has been used to compare the measured electrical properties and breakdown (BD) on ultra thin high-k dielectrics, when different environmental conditions are used. In particular, the effect of the environment on the conductivity measurements, the lateral resolution in current images and the lateral propagation of the BD event will be analyzed in air, dry nitrogen (N 2 ) and Ultra High Vacuum (UHV).

Field of study: Engineering
Energie = energie? Die ware verhaal : produksie

Energie is die belangrikste voedingstof vir die lakterende melkkoei. Dit is daarom belangrik om die energiewaarde van voerbestanddele, en konsentrate te weet. Energiewaardes word gebruik in dieetformulering en ook in die vergelyking van voerbestanddele, konsentrate en diete. Direkte vergelyking van energiewaardes, byvoorbeeld tussen twee konsentrate, kan egter misleidend wees. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die waarheid oor energiewaarde van naderby te bekyk.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Identifying vulnerable populations through an examination of the association between multipollutant profiles and poverty.

Recently, concerns have centered on how to expand knowledge on the limited science related to the cumulative impact of multiple air pollution exposures and the potential vulnerability of poor communities to their toxic effects. The highly intercorrelated nature of exposures makes application of standard regression-based methods to these questions problematic due to well-known issues related to multicollinearity. Our paper addresses these problems by using, as its basic unit of inference, a profile consisting of a pattern of exposure values. These profiles are grouped into clusters and associated with a deprivation outcome. Specifically, we examine how profiles of NO(2)-, PM(2.5)-, and diesel- (road and off-road) based exposures are associated with the number of individuals living under poverty in census tracts (CT's) in Los Angeles County. Results indicate that higher levels of pollutants are generally associated with higher poverty counts, though the association is complex and nonlinear. Our approach is set in the Bayesian framework, and as such the entire model can be fit as a unit using modern Bayesian multilevel modeling techniques via the freely available WinBUGS software package, (1) though we have used custom-written C++ code (validated with WinBUGS) to improve computational speed. The modeling approach proposed thus goes beyond single-pollutant models in that it allows us to determine the association between entire multipollutant profiles of exposures with poverty levels in small geographic areas in Los Angeles County.

Field of study: Environmental science
A network traffic forecasting method based on SA optimized ARIMA-BP neural network

Network traffic forecasting provides key information for network management, resource allocation, traffic attack detection. However, traditional linear and non-linear network traffic forecasting models cannot achieve enough prediction accuracy for future traffic prediction. In order to resolve this problem, a network traffic prediction method based on SA (Simulated Annealing) optimized ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model)-BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network) is proposed in this paper, which makes comprehensive use of linear model ARIMA, non-linear model BPNN and optimization algorithm SA. With enhancement of the BPNN global optimization ability, it can fully realize the potential of mining linear and non-linear laws of historical network traffic data, hence improving the prediction accuracy. This paper selects the historical network traffic data of two different sampling points in the WIDE project to predict, and utilizes the MAE(Mean Absolute Error), RMSE(Root Mean Square Error), and the MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error) as the evaluation index of the prediction effect. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperformed traditional network traffic prediction model, with several improvements in network traffic prediction accuracy.

Field of study: Computer science