nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Similarity-based large-scale distribution mapping of orchids

The expected presence/absence of a target species outside the area of actual observations is commonly estimated using statistical models or decision criteria. This investigation demonstrates a similarity-based solution for predictive mapping as an alternative to generalizing models. The maps of the expected distribution of 12 orchids were created using find sites from field observations and absence sites generated onto the observation track. The expected presence/absence of a species in a location was calculated according to the similarity between the location and selected examples of presence and absence sites. A machine learning system selected the best predictive sets for each species out of 161 cartographic and remote sensing features. The usefulness of the predictive distribution maps was expressed as the ratio of the density of find sites per track in the predicted presence area relative to the density per track in the predicted absence area. The predictive mapping was more efficient for Dactylorhiza incarnata, D. russowii, Gymnadenia conopsea, and Goodyera repens. Soil properties and the proportion of find sites for the other species in the vicinity were the most indicative site characteristics. The rarer species were found to be better indicators of the occurrence of the other species than were the more common orchids. The proposed approach—to direct subsequent field observations to sites where the occurrence of the target species was predicted but has not yet been recorded—helped discover new populations of orchids and enhance the representativeness of absence sites.

Field of study: Environmental science
Different Geospatial Data on Hybrid Map Application

Nowdays, there are many map applications that can be accessed through the web . All these applications are accessing different geospatial data stored on server only. The approach to display different geospatial data type, format, and source from local system becomes new topic in hybrid application for Smartphone. File protocol in XMLHttpRequest can be used to access a file from local system in hybrid application. Another approach is using File API provided by Native Application Framework. To incorporate this API, we create two new classes i.e. URI and HybridFileAPI , as a protocol and request class. These classes utilize File API to access a file in Smartphone local system. We starts the discussion with hybrid map application and system architecture to get understanding about components and processes involved in hybrid map application for Smartphone

Field of study: Computer science
On a General Existence Theorem for Marginal Cost Pricing Equilibria

We report a generalization of recent results on the existence of marginal cost pricing equilibria (MCPE) in economies with an increasing returns to scale industry. Our result makes no ad hoc assumptions which force the equilibrium to be on the efficiency frontier of the aggregate production possibility set. We also present an additional condition under which our MCPE are productivity efficient in the aggregate.

Field of study: Economics
The Role of the Entorhinal Cortex in Paraphrenia

Evidence derived from postmortem brain studies has implicated the uncal cortex in paraphrenia. In the present review, we expand on the anatomic and physiologic nuances endogenous to this region that make entorhinal cortex pathology an important clinicopathological correlate to paraphrenia. First, we summarize the anatomic landmarks and histologic features that will allow the reader to define the entorhinal region in future research studies. As cortical regions usually project to neighboring cortices, inferences will be drawn as to the function of the entorhinal region based on the surrounding cortical regions. The results will help explain why patients with paraphrenia may exhibit amnestic deficits that stand in contrast to a well-preserved thought process and personality. We also review the results of surgical ablation studies in animals. These studies suggest that some risk factors currently associated with paraphrenia (eg, social isolation) may in reality be an early manifestation of entorhinal pathology. Finally, the author provides a parallelism between the hallucinations observed in some paraphrenic patients and the results of electrical stimulation of the uncal cortex. The results will help explain why hallucinations in paraphrenia are usually limited to the patient’s surroundings.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The incorporation of long-chain fatty acids into phospholipids of respiring slices of rat cerebrum.

1. Respiring slices of adult rat cerebrum have been shown to incorporate long-chain (14)C-labelled fatty acids into phospholipid. 2. Labelling was almost entirely confined to lecithin and ethanolamine phospholipid, only traces being present in serine phospholipid. 3. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were incorporated more actively into lecithin than into ethanolamine phospholipid, but the converse was found with stearic acid. 4. All four acids labelled the 1- and 2-positions of both lipids; palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were approximately evenly distributed, but stearic acid was incorporated predominantly at the 1-position. 5. It is considered that incorporation is most likely brought about through acylation of endogenously derived lysophosphatides. 6. The possible implications of this pathway of lipid metabolism in nervous tissue are discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the motor domain of human kinetochore-associated protein CENP-E using an automated crystallization procedure.

Human centromere-associated protein E, a member of the kinesin superfamily, is a microtubule-dependent motor protein involved in cell division that has been localized transiently to the kinetochore. The protein is thought to be responsible for the correct attachment and positioning of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle during the metaphase. The 312 kDa protein comprises four different domains. In this study, the focus was on the N-terminal motor domain, which includes the ATP-binding site and a region for microtubule binding. Crystals of the CENP-E motor domain have been obtained by high-throughput crystallization screening using an automated TECAN crystallization robot. The crystals (737 x 132 x 79 microm) belong to the space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 49.35, b = 83.70, c = 94.16 angstroms, beta = 103.05 degrees. They diffract to 2.1 angstroms resolution using synchrotron radiation.

Field of study: Chemistry
54: Role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in CD8+ T cells in mucosal anti-viral immune responses

Under steady-state, the gut balances regulatory and inflammatory processes in order to preserve membrane integrity while preventing autoimmunity or inappropriate inflammation to commensal bacteria and innocuous food antigens. However, the vast majority of sexually transmitted infections also occur via a tolerogenic mucosal barrier. In such infections, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is often “too late and too little” to induce protective immunity in most individuals. Transforming growth factor (TGF)β is highly abundant in the intestinal milieu. The decision to break tolerance in favor of immunity in mucosal tissues is likely regulated by a balance between levels of TGFβ and inflammatory cytokines. Our work demonstrates that immunosuppressive effects of TGFβ are subdued in the presence of high inflammatory signals; however, in the absence of strong inflammation and co-stimulatory signals, TGFβ inhibits proper T cell activation. The innate and adaptive immune responses are most likely dampened during sexual transmission of pathogens, in part due to high concentrations of TGFβ in mucosal tissues. To study the role of TGFβ signaling in mucosal anti-viral immunity, we established a rectal viral transmission model in mice using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Compared to systemic infections, the kinetics and the magnitude of the CD8 T cell response are much reduced upon rectal LCMV infection. To assess the role of TGFβ in mucosal immunity generated during rectal LCMV infection, we adoptively co-transferred LCMV-specific CD8 T cells (P14), carrying wildtype TGFβ receptor II (TGFβRII WT) and those deficient in this receptor (TGFβRII KO), into wild type hosts. The animals were then infected rectally with LCMV. We will present data on the mechanism by which TGFβ affects activation and expansion of effector CD8 T cells, their migration into the gut tissues, as well as their ability to perform cytolytic function and become tissue-resident memory T cells.

Field of study: Medicine
Annular Long Josephson Junctions in a Magnetic Field: Engineering and Probing the Fluxon Interaction Potential

The interaction of a Josephson fluxon with an externalmagnetic field-induced potential in a long Josephson junctionis investigated experimentally. The thermal activation of thefluxon from a potential well is observed and experimentsprobing its predicted quantum properties are discussed. Amethod for engineering a magnetic double-well potential for afluxon is proposed and the use of the coupled fluxon statesfor quantum computation is suggested.

Field of study: Physics
Wall extensibility and gravitropic curvature of sunflower hypocotyls: correlation between timing of curvature and changes in extensibility.

Gravitropic curvature results from unequal growth rates on the upper and lower sides of horizontal stems. These unequal growth rates could be due to differences in wall extensibility between the two sides. To test this, the time course of curvature of horizontal sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hypocotyls was determined and compared with the time courses of changes in Instron-measured wall extensibility (PEx) of the upper and lower epidermal layers. As gravicurvature developed, so did the difference in PEx between the upper and lower epidermis. The enhanced growth rate on the lower side during the period of maximum increase in curvature was matched by PEx values greater than those of the vertical control, while the inhibited growth rate on the upper side was accompanied by PEx values below that of the control. The close correlation between changes in growth rates and alterations in PEx demonstrates that changes in wall extensibility play a major role in controlling gravicurvature.

Field of study: Environmental science
Joint 2-D DOA Estimation and Phase Calibration for Uniform Rectangular Arrays

A precise model of the array response is required to maintain the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. When modeling errors are present or the sensor environment is time-varying, autocalibration becomes necessary. In this paper, the problem of phase autocalibration for uniform rectangular array (URA) geometries is considered. For the case with a single source, a simple and robust least-squares algorithm for joint 2-D DOA estimation and phase calibration is presented. When performing phase autocalibration with a URA, the phase and DOA parameters cannot be identified together without ambiguity. This problem is discussed and a suitable remedy is suggested. An approximate Cramér-Rao bound and analytical expressions for the mean squared error performance of the proposed estimator are presented. The proposed algorithm for phase autocalibration is extended for the case with multiple sources. The results are evaluated using a representative body of simulations.

Field of study: Engineering
Corrigendum to the minimum bounds for future sea-level rise in " Bounding sea level projections within the framework of the possibility theory "

Figures 3 and 4 of the article ‘Bounding probabilistic sea-level projections within the framework of the 
possibility theory’ display a minimum value for sea level rise of 15 cm by 2100 with respect to the 
1986–2005 mean for the RCP 8.5. The value of 15 cm is consistent with sea level rise rates dropping 
back to velocities observed during the 20th century according to recent studies, but not to the current 
sea level rise velocity of 3.4 mm yr−1, as incorrectly stated in the article. This error has no impact on the 
rest of the article, including its arguments and conclusions, but it is potentially confusing for scientists 
willing to reproduce the left side of figures 3 and 4. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Field of study: Environmental science
Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of aloe polysaccharide form aloe leaves

The extracting technology of Aloe polysaccharide from Aloe with micro wave was studied using the orthogonal test. Results of tests showed that the optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions included: ethanol concentration of 90%, extraction time of 20 minutes, the power of microwave of 480 W, solid/liquid ratio of 1∶8. Under this conditions the extraction rate of Aloe polysaccharide was 0.0765%. Compared to traditional extraction method, this method has the advantage of simple procedure and improving extraction yield.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Online Order Priority Evaluation Based on Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm of Optimized Support Vector Machines

To make production plan, online order priority evaluation is the current priority weakness of online order evaluation model. This thesis proposes an online order priority evaluation model based on hybrid harmony search algorithm of optimized support vector machine (HHS-SVM). Firstly, an online order priority evaluation index system is build, and then support vector machine is adopted to build an online order priority evaluation model; secondly, harmony search algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of support vector machine; what's more, in the parameter optimization process the foraging behavior of AFSA is introduced to improve the ability and convergence speed of algorithm escaping from the local optimal solution; finally, simulation test is used to test the performance of the model. The simulation results show that HHS-SVM improves the accuracy of the online order priority evaluation relative to the comparison model. What's more, the online order priority evaluation model is feasible and effective.

Field of study: Computer science
Experimental research on the beach soft volleyball

The author makes a research analysis on the characters and affects of the rising beach soft volleyball, to explore the feasibility of the beach soft volleyball undertaking in the national fitness. The result shows that the beach soft volleyball' s character is lower technology, more pleasure, easier accessing to the nature, easier organizing competitions, been liked strongly by people .It s a fit national fitness sport. The beach soft volleyball s developing is benefit to national fitness program progressing.

Field of study: Education
Knowledge and the Public Interest, 1575–1725. Vera Keller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. x + 350 pp. $99.99. (Book Review)

In this intriguing and impressive book, Vera Keller presents a history of the desiderata that appeared in early modern Europe. These wish lists responded to public interest by pursuing projects likely to advance the common good. Among the favorite desired things, recurring across two centuries, were perpetual lamps, flexible glass, diving bells, the philosopher’s stone, the Alkahest (or universal solvent), and perpetual motion. During the same period, some of these were cited as impossibilities by other list makers, thereby contrasting the promises of charlatans with more considered inventories of things objectively needed by society or lacking in a branch of knowledge. At the start of the 1600s, desiderata mainly comprised lost inventions and natural processes: for example, Guido Pancirolli’s Two Books of Things Lost and Things Found (1599–1602) encouraged the idea that lost ancient knowledge could be restored by the moderns (see his sixty-five lost things on 48–49). Later, desiderata set out the direction of future, increasingly specialized, research that would discover new knowledge.

Field of study: History
Christian Higher Education: The Gospel in the Context of Terrorism and Persecution

Education is central to any society’s civilization, growth, development, security, stability, and sustainability. That is why all progressive societies give it priority. Christian higher education meets these needs and beyond. It is rooted in God’s moral vision and perspective. Its primary aim is to inculcate moral and ethical values and knowledge, which can guarantee societal security and stability as well as foster skills and opportunities that are of benefit to the Gospel of the kingdom of God and human flourishing. This paper, therefore, primarily focuses attention on the issue of Christian higher education in the context of insecurity and instability.  education, ethnicity, politics, religion, corruption, self-interest, power, and intellectual virtues.

Field of study: Education
Selective deposition of TiSi2 on oxide patterned wafers using low pressure chemical vapor deposition

The selective deposition of titanium disilicide was investigated using a cold-wall, low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technique with silane and titanium tetrachloride as the silicon and titanium sources, respectively. In-situ hydrogen plasma effectively cleaned the silicon wafer surface for deposition of C54 TiSi2 at 760‡ C with full selectivity. A new method using a plasma only at the beginning of the deposition of the silicide further decreased the temperature to 680‡ C without losing selectivity. The result was a fine grained film probably due to the enhanced nucleation rate of the silicide. Cross-sectional TEM studies showed that the silicide grew into the silicon substrate, suggesting significant silicon consumption. The silicon substrate, consequently, seems to play a major role in the silicide formation. Silane, on the other hand, plays a minor role as a silicon source but does act as a scavenger of HC1 in the gas or on the silicide surface.

Field of study: Materials science
Iterative interlacing approach for synthesis of computer-generated holograms.

An approach for optimizing computer-generated holograms is discussed. The approach can be summarized most generally as hierarchically designing a number of holograms to add up coherently to a single desired reconstruction. In the case of binary holograms, this approach results in the interlacing technique (IT) and the iterative interlacing technique (IIT). In the IT, a number of subholograms are designed and interlaced together to generate the total binary hologram. The first subhologram is designed to reconstruct the desired image. The succeeding subholograms are designed to correct the remaining error image. In the IIT, the remaining error image after the last subhologram is circulated back to the first subhologram, and the process is continued a number of sweeps until convergence. Both techniques can be used together with most computer-generated-hologram synthesis algorithms and result in a substantial reduction in reconstruction error as well as an increased speed of convergence in the case of iterative algorithms.

Field of study: Physics
Forbearance coping, identification with heritage culture, acculturative stress, and psychological distress among Chinese international students.

Based on Berry's (1997) theoretical framework for acculturation, our goal in this study was to examine whether the use of a culturally relevant coping strategy (i.e., forbearance coping, a predictor) would be associated with a lower level of psychological distress (a psychological outcome), for whom (i.e., those with weaker vs. stronger identification with heritage culture, a moderator), and under what situations (i.e., lower vs. higher acculturative stress, a moderator). A total of 188 Chinese international students completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical regression indicated a significant 3-way interaction of forbearance coping, identification with heritage culture, and acculturative stress on psychological distress. For those with a weaker identification with their heritage culture, when acculturative stress was higher, the use of forbearance coping was positively associated with psychological distress. However, this was not the case when acculturative stress was lower. In other words, the use of forbearance coping was not significantly associated with psychological distress when acculturative stress was lower. Moreover, for those with a stronger cultural heritage identification, the use of forbearance coping was not significantly associated with psychological distress regardless of whether acculturative stress was high or low. Future research and implications are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Quorum-sensing effects in the antagonistic rhizosphere bacterium Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48.

The rhizosphere-associated bacterium Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48 is not only able to suppress symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens but is also able to stimulate growth of plants. Detailed knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and regulation are crucial for the application in biocontrol strategies. To analyse the influence of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated communication on the biocontrol activity, the AHL-degrading lactonase AiiA was heterologously expressed in the strain, resulting in abolished AHL production. The comparative analysis of the wild type and AHL negative mutants led to the identification of new AHL-regulated phenotypes. In the pathosystem Verticillium dahliae-oilseed rape, the essential role of AHL-mediated signaling for disease suppression was demonstrated. In vitro, the regulatory function of AHLs in the synthesis of the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid is shown for the first time. Additionally, swimming motility was found to be negatively AHL regulated. In contrast, production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes is shown to be positively AHL-regulated. HRO-C48 emits a broad spectrum of volatile organic compounds that are involved in antifungal activity and, interestingly, whose relative abundances are influenced by quorum sensing (QS). This study shows that QS is crucial for biocontrol activity of S. plymuthica and discusses the impact for the application of the strain as a biocontrol agent.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
A Study of Economic Driving Force of CSR by Clothing Enterprises

To fulfill corporate social responsibility has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the apparel industry. Based on the concept of corporate social responsibility and the introduction of grading,the different types of clothing enterprises should actively fulfill their social responsibilities according to their capability. Based on the analysis of dynamic mechanism of social responsibility,the paper focuses on the economic driving force by clothing enterprises.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Extension operators on balls and on spaces of finite sets

We study extension operators between spaces $\sigma_n(2^X)$ of subsets of $X$ of cardinality at most $n$. As an application, we show that if $B_H$ is the unit ball of a nonseparable Hilbert space $H$, equipped with the weak topology, then, for any $0<\lambda<\mu$, there is no extension operator $T: C(\lambda B_H)\to C(\mu B_H)$.

Field of study: Mathematics