nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent aspects of single ion transfer properties

Gibbs energies, entropies and enthalpies of transfer for several cations and anions from acetonitrile into various solvents formed the basis for investigations on general trends in the interactions of solvent molecules with positively and negatively charged ions. Gibbs energies of transfer for Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Cuff T1+ and Ag+ obtained from different assumptions, experimental techniques and research groups together with a large number of recen ly pu lishe energies of transfer for Li+, Ba2+, Cu", Zn9+, Cd9+,GiHbgb5+ and Pb2+ based on the bis (bipheny1)chromium assumption - were employed to study the interactions of hard and soft donor solvents with hard, soft and borderline cations. Solvent effects on anions were deduced from the Gibbs energies of transfer for Cl', Br-, I- and SCN-. Parameters proposed to account for hard and soft donor properties or for acceptor properties of the solvents were compared with the Gibbs energies of transfer. Parameters representing hard donor properties of solvents correlated with Gibbs energies of transfers for cations into hard solvents, but transfer properties of soft and borderline cations into soft solvents called for a different solvent parameter. The Gibbs energies of transfer for anions related to such solvent parameters that characterized acceptor properties. The solvent induced changes in the Gibbs energies of transfer of hard and soft cations as well as the respective data for anions were explained within the framework of a donor-acceptor model of ion-solvent interactions, including the principle of hard and soft acids and bases. The current status on enthalpies and entropies of transfer is discussed.

Field of study: Chemistry
Dynamics of twin-condensate configurations in an open chain of three Bose-Einstein condensates

The dynamics of a mean-field model of three coupled condensates is studied for initial states characterized by twin condensates. Condensates occupy an open three-well chain, where the central potential-well depth is an independent parameter. Despite its diversity from the closed-chain symmetric model, such a model is shown to have an integrable regime involving a predictable evolution for twin-condensate initial states. After establishing the dependence of the phase-space topology on the model parameters, the latter are shown to allow control of various macroscopic effects, such as rapid population inversions, pulsed phase changes, self-trapping, and long-duration periodic oscillations. Finally, based on quantizing the system in terms of suitable microscopic canonical variables, the stability conditions of the integrable regime are related to the su(1,1) structure of the Hamiltonian spectrum.

Field of study: Physics
The impact of the 2004 NICE guideline and 2003 General Medical Services contract on COPD in primary care in the UK.

The introduction of the NICE guideline on COPD and the inclusion of COPD in the new Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) were designed to improve the care of people with COPD in primary care in the UK.



We have investigated whether these initiatives have had an impact on the prevalence of COPD, the recording of spirometry data and the use of combined inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist inhalers.



We analysed data from The Health Improvement Network for the year before and after the introduction of the NICE guideline.



Data were analysed using logistic regression.



The prevalence of COPD in 2003 was 1.27%, and this increased by 14-1.45% in 2005. The risk of COPD was strongly related to age, male gender, socioeconomic disadvantage and living in the North of England, Scotland and Wales. People with COPD had an increased mortality (adjusted rate ratio for 2003 is 2.38, 95% confidence interval 2.30-2.47). The presence of recorded spirometry data in people with COPD increased from 18% in 2003 to 62% in 2005, and FEV1 was consistently a strong predictor of survival. The use of combination inhalers in people with moderate to severe COPD also increased markedly during the study.



Following the introduction of the NICE guideline for COPD and the new QOF, there has been an increase in the prevalence of COPD in general practice and a large increase in spirometry data and prescriptions for combination inhalers. This represents significant progress for people with COPD.

Field of study: Medicine
Species differences in human and rat islet sensitivity to human cytokines. Monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) influences on direct and indirect IL-1-mediated islet effects.

Species differences in sensitivity to human recombinant cytokines were observed when human or rat islets were co-cultured with human recombinant cytokines for 6 days. Suppression of both human and rat islet insulin secretion resulted from co-culture with recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) or interleukin-1 beta (rIL-1 beta); however, direct rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta cytotoxicity was seen with rat islets but not with human islets. Human islet insulin secretion was also suppressed during co-culture with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) or interferon (rIFN), but not with lymphotoxin (rLT) or rIL-6; rat islet insulin secretion was not suppressed by any of these cytokines. No direct cytotoxic effects resulted from co-culture of human islets with rLT, rTNF, rIFN, or rIL-6; rLT was slightly cytotoxic for rat islets. Human islet cytotoxic synergy occurred between rLT and rIL-1 alpha, rIL-1 beta, or rIFN; synergy in suppression of human islet insulin secretion occurred between rLT and rIL-1 beta, and between rIFN and rTNF. Pretreatment of rIL-1 with monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for non-crossreactive epitopes on rIL-1 alpha (H43 and H12) or rIL-1 beta (H34 and H21) prevented islet cytotoxic synergy between rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta, respectively, and rLT. Although all four mAb's neutralize the thymocyte and fibroblast stimulatory activities of rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta, mAb H21 does not neutralize rIL-1 beta activity against rat islets. Implications for cytokine-mediated islet cytotoxicity and suppression of insulin secretion are discussed.

Field of study: Medicine
Characterization of Electron Pair Velocity in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\textit{$\delta $}}$ Thin Films

The superconducting phase transition in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\textit{$\delta $}}$(YBCO) thin film samples doped with non-superconducting nanodot impurities of CeO$_{2}$ are the focus of recent high-temperature superconductor studies. Non-superconducting holes of the superconducting lattice induce a bound-state of circulating paired electrons. This creates a magnetic flux vortex state. Examining the flow of free-electrons shows that these quantized magnetic flux vortices arrange themselves in a self-assembled lattice. The nanodots serve to present structural properties to constrict the "creep" of these flux vorticies under a field response in the form of a pinning-force enhancing the critical current density after phase transition. In this work, a model for characterizing the superconducting phase by the work done on electron pairs and chemical potential, following the well-known theories of Superconductivity (Bardeen-Cooper-Scheifer \& Ginzburg-Landau), is formulated and tested.A solution to the expression for the magnetic flux, zero net force and pair velocity will generate a setting for the optimal deposition parameters of number density, growth geometry and mass density of these nanodot structures.

Field of study: Physics
[Molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in Guangdong from 2005 to 2008].

To study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in Guangdong, we collected fecal and anal swabs specimens from 24 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis from 2005 to 2008 to detect norovirus. Specimens were detected by RT-PCR and then sequenced. The descriptive data were also collected. According to our research, 19 of 24 outbreaks of gastroenteritis were positive for norovirus. The occurrence time was from October to next February mainly. The strains in 2005 belonged to G II-3 genotype and all outbreaks occurred in kindergarten and school. But from autumn of 2006, the outbreaks were all caused by G II-4/2006b variant and occurred in universities and community. The number of outbreaks in 2007 increased greatly and covered all over province. The nucleotide sequences of Guangdong strains in some sites showed high regional identity. Our results showed that with the shift of genotype from G II-3 to G II-4, occurrence of norovirus outbreaks increased greatly. The outbreaks of norovirus caused by G II-4/2006b variant spreaded widely and the involved population covered children and adult, indicating the strong invasiveness of this variant.

Field of study: Biology
The GlxR regulon of the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum: Detection of the corynebacterial core regulon and integration into the transcriptional regulatory network model.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrially important producer of amino acids and an emerging model system for the Corynebacterineae. The glxR gene of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 encodes a DNA binding transcription factor of the Crp-Fnr protein family. Available data indicated a prominent role of GlxR in the transcriptional regulatory network of C. glutamicum. We have used recently published whole-genome annotations of several corynebacteria to derive further evidence for GlxR-mediated transcriptional regulation from a comparative genomics approach. A bioinformatic strategy detected 22 genes belonging to a proposed GlxR core regulon in corynebacteria. Binding of purified GlxR protein to 40-mer oligonucleotides representing predicted GlxR binding sites in the upstream region of core genes from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was verified in vitro by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Based on current data, a reliable genome-scale prediction of GlxR binding sites was performed, indicating that about 14% of the annotated C. glutamicum genes might be under direct transcriptional control by GlxR. Integration of GlxR-mediated regulatory interactions with the data stored in CoryneRegNet enabled the reconstruction of a refined transcriptional regulatory network model for C. glutamicum. This network model exhibited a hierarchical and modular structure and is characterized by the presence of master regulators in each functional module, with GlxR serving as the dominating regulatory hub.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Molecular characterization of isolates of Metarhizium from locusts and grasshoppers

The relationships between 30 strains of Metarhizium were investigated by isoenzyme analysis, PCR-RAPDs, and protease production. The strains included representatives of M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride var. flavoviride and M. flavoviride var. minus. Thirteen isolates conforming to M. flavoviride from acridoid hosts and pathogenic to locusts and grasshoppers were shown to be a single, distinctive genotype with a pan-tropical distribution. In addition, the separation of M. flavoviride var. minus as a host specific taxon distinct from European isolates of M. flavoviride was also supported. The possibility of coevolution within some insect pathogenic populations is discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Corruption and Literacy in the Basic Education Schools in Onueke Education Zone of Ebonyi State

The paper focuses on Corruption and Literacy in the Basic Education in Onueke Education Zone of Ebonyi State. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A purposive sample was used to select a sample of 462 Basic Education Teachers (230 male and 232 females) in all the 56 schools in the Education Zone. A questionnaire titled Corruption and Basic Education Literacy Questionnaire (CLBEQ) was used. The instrument was validated by experts in the field and all the input they made were taken into consideration. The instrument was further subjected to reliability test in a test retest using 20 teachers that were outside the area of study. An index of 0.81 was obtained using Crombach Alpha method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Z-test was used to test the hypothesis. The findings indicated that corruption deeply affected literacy lives of pupils as there were no new provision of new buildings, human and material resources and non rehabilitation of the few existing ones and all these adversely affect literacy lives of pupils and teachers. It was also discovered that no significant difference existed in the responses of male and female teachers on how corruption adversely affected the lives of pupils. Based on the findings some of the recommendations were: 1. Peoples especially those in sensitive positions of higher authorities in handling fund meant for literacy should shun greed. 2. The government at all levels should Mount Massive campaign against corruption. Both government, non-governmental organizations and individuals should embark on provision of facilities, materials and funds to improve the education system and better the literacy lives of pupils and teachers for a better society.  Corruption, Literacy, Education, Facilities, Fund, Teachers DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-9-25 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Field of study: Education
On the impact of routing matrix inconsistencies on statistical path monitoring in overlay networks

Overlay networks can be used to find working paths when direct underlay paths are anomalously slow, e.g. because of a network fault. Overlay paths should not use links that are involved in a fault, so choosing which overlay path to use often requires path monitoring, which introduces an overhead. By using a routing matrix 'M' to define which links are used in each path, and sorting the matrix according to the degree of independence of paths, we can choose a reduced set of paths to monitor, and so reduce overheads. The state of the unmonitored paths are then predicted using statistical estimation techniques based on information inferred from the monitored paths. However, such methods assume knowledge of routing matrix. We investigate the impact on such methods when knowledge of the routing matrix is only approximate, e.g. as obtained using simple tools like traceroute which have been previously blamed for incorrect mapping of the topology of real world IP networks. This paper investigates the impact of routing matrix errors on such statistical path estimation approaches. We show that mitigation or removal of such errors leads to improved path metric prediction and anomaly detection.

Field of study: Computer science
Temperature and Microstructural Effects on the Superconducting Properties of Niobium Thin Films

Superconducting thin films have a wide range of dc and RF applications, from detectors to superconducting radio frequency. Amongst the most used materials, niobium (Nb) has the highest critical temperature (TC) and highest lower critical field (HC1) of the elemental superconductors and can be deposited on a variety of substrates, making Nb thin films very appealing for such applications. Here, we present temperature-dependent dc studies on the critical temperature and critical fields of Nb thin films grown on copper and r-plane sapphire surfaces. Additionally, we correlate the dc superconducting properties of these films with their microstructure, which allows for the possibility of tailoring future films for a specific application.

Field of study: Physics
The technology of medium temperature α-amylase hydrolyze Huaiqing yam

This paper studied the technological conditions of medium temperature α-amylase hydrolyze Huaiqing yam.With yield rate of soluble solids,on the base of single test factors,it determined the optimum technological conditions of medium temperature α-amylase by orthogonal experiments.The results show that temperature was the most important factor affected the result,following with pH and the amount of enzyme.The effect of time was not obvious in our study.The optimal conditions:dosage of enzyme 0.060 mg/mL,pH 7,temperature 80 ℃ and time 20 min.Under this condition,the yield of soluble solid was 24.259%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Cooperant Congestion Control Protocol Study Based on Pipeline Flux Leak Monitoring Sensor Networks

Flow against pipeline leakage and the pipe network sudden burst pipe to pipeline leakage flow for the application objects,A cooperant congestion control protocol design flow used in pipeline leak monitoring. This paper presents a cooperant congestion control protocol (C3P) that use S1bit routers' explicit feedback predicted information and delay signals to adjust the congestion windows appropriately. Simulation results show that C3P can efficiently improve the bandwidth utilization,TCP (transmission control protocol) friendliness,RTT (round trip time) fairness and reduce the packet drop rate in high bandwidth delay product networks.

Field of study: Computer science
Ground-based remote sensing of tropospheric water vapour isotopologues within the project MUSICA

Within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water), long-term tropospheric water vapour isotopologue data records are provided for ten globally distributed ground-based mid-infrared remote sensing stations of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). We present a new method allowing for an extensive and straightforward characterisation of the complex nature of such isotopologue remote sensing datasets. We demonstrate that the MUSICA humidity profiles are representative for most of the troposphere with a vertical resolution ranging from about 2 km (in the lower troposphere) to 8 km (in the upper troposphere) and with an estimated precision of better than 10%. We find that the sensitivity with respect to the isotopologue composition is limited to the lower and middle troposphere, whereby we estimate a precision of about 30‰ for the ratio between the two isotopologues HD16O and H216O. The measurement noise, the applied atmospheric temperature profiles, the uncertainty in the spectral baseline, and the cross-dependence on humidity are the leading error sources. We introduce an a posteriori correction method of the cross-dependence on humidity, and we recommend applying it to isotopologue ratio remote sensing datasets in general. In addition, we present mid-infrared CO2 retrievals and use them for demonstrating the MUSICA network-wide data consistency. In order to indicate the potential of long-term isotopologue remote sensing data if provided with a well-documented quality, we present a climatology and compare it to simulations of an isotope incorporated AGCM (Atmospheric General Circulation Model). We identify differences in the multi-year mean and seasonal cycles that significantly exceed the estimated errors, thereby indicating deficits in the modeled atmospheric water cycle.

Field of study: Environmental science
Les paramètres géométriques optima d'un éjecto-compresseur frigorifique

Resume Les performances d'un ejecteur supersonique fonctionnant avec du R11, ont ete etudiees dans un tres large domaine du module φ, rapport des sections du melangeur et du col sonique. Dans le plan donnant le taux d'entrainement U en fonction du rapport moteur ξ, pour un taux de compression r fixe, il est mis en evidence une enveloppe des maxima des courbes a φ constant, maxima de U auxquels correspondent ξoptφ. De plus, il existe sur cette enveloppe une valeur φ optimale a laquelle correspond un ξoptAB realisant le maximum absolu de U, c'est-a-dire l'efficacite frigorifique ϵf, max. Ces resultats le dimensionnement optimal du systeme en fonction des temperatures des sources.

Field of study: Engineering
Section across Keweenawan lavas at Duluth, Minnesota

The northwest coast of Lake Superior in Minnesota presents an almost unbroken line of rock exposure. It forms the southeast boundary of a great half-moon 1 of Keweenawan rocks whose convex margin points northwest. The elongated structural basin of Lake Superior is truncated by the shore line in such a way that the latter trends more or less parallel to the strike of the bedded rocks near the middle, but toward the ends it intersects the strike. Over that portion of the shore line covered by this study namely, from southwest of Duluth to Two Harbors , a distance of about 40 miles, the shore intersects the strike of the east- to southeastward-tilted Keweenawan strata at angles of from 50 to 15 degrees, exposing the eroded edges of the beds along the lake front (Pl. 4, fig. 1). This makes it possible to run a linear . . .

Field of study: Geology
Induction of cardiac fibroblast lysyl oxidase by TGF-β1 requires PI3K/Akt, Smad3, and MAPK signaling.

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a key extracellular enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification of collagens I and III to form mature fibrillar collagen. Increased expression of LOX is associated with fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction, yet little is known about the regulation of LOX in the heart. In this study, the cell signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of LOX expression by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were assessed. Adult cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts by enzymatic digestion. Fibroblasts were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS until approximately 80% confluent, growth arrested for 24h, and then treated with TGF-β1 (0-10 ng/ml), in the absence or presence of inhibitors of (1) PI3K (wortmannin), (2) Smad3 (SIS3), (3) p38-MAPK (PD169316), (4) JNK (SP600125) and (5) ERK1/2 (PD98059). TGF-β1 treatment significantly upregulated LOX mRNA and protein expression in cardiac fibroblasts, as well as activity in the cell-conditioned media. Concomitant increases in collagen types I and III, and bone morphogenic protein (BMP-1) expression were found in response to TGF-β1. The increase of LOX protein in response to TGF-β1 was prevented by inhibitors of PI3K, Smad3, p38-MAPK, JNK and ERK1/2. Blockade of PI3K also decreased TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of Smad3, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt and Smad pathways may be integrated in TGF-β1 signaling. Further studies are warranted to address the regulation of LOX in the normal and diseased heart, and how this critical extracellular enzyme may be targeted for clinical benefit.

Field of study: Medicine
Performance analysis of upgrading optical klystron for FEL

The parameters of an upgraded optical klystron (OK) were given by 3-dimensional finite element electromagnetic computation for free electron laser (FEL) research in Hefei electron storage ring. The Hefei Light Source (HLS) is routinely operated at 800 MeV by ramping up the injected 200 MeV electron beam. In order to match the routine operated energy of HLS and get more FEL photos, the symmetry OK is being upgraded to asymmetry structure for harmonic generation (HG) FEL experiments. Several HG FEL experimental groups of matched parameters of the upgraded OK were listed at the HLS injected energy as well as the maximum experimental energy. Primary computation shows that the energy spread of HLS in FEL experiments is below 2.05×10~(-4), the correction factor due to it for FEL radiation is over 0.96, which can be nearly neglected.

Field of study: Physics
An Explicit Description of the B(\infty) Crystal For Generalized Quantum Groups of a Family of Comet Quivers

Tristan Bozec gave a definition of generalized quantum groups that extends the usual definition of quantum groups to finite quivers with loops at vertices, and he introduced a theory of generalized crystals for this new family of Hopf algebras. We explicitly characterize the generalized crystal $\mathcal{B}(\infty)$ associated to a certain family of quivers with multiple loops by providing a complete set of relations among the Kashiwara operators themselves.

Field of study: Mathematics