nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
CONTACT STRESS ANALYSIS OF PINNED CONNECTION

Pinned connection is one of the most popular load transfer structures in structural engineering. Accurate analysis of the contact stress between components of the pin connection and study concerning the effect induced by various parameters on the magnitude and distribution of contact stress are very important to better design and application of pinned connections. The Dongping Bridge in Foshan was chosen as a case study, after validation of the contact parameters of finite element model, the contact stress in pinned connection of Dongping Bridge in support dismantling condition was computed. Through the stress values measured in the field, the computed results can correctly reflect the magnitude and distribution of contact stress in comparison, which proved the reliability of finite element model. Based on these results and comparison, some parameters such as lifting-force value, material constitutive relation, have been studied also by investigating their effects on the contact stress of pinned connections, the following conclusions can be drawn that: the constitutive relation of the structural materials and the lifting-force value are the key factors that influence the magnitude and distribution of contact stress in pinned connections; the friction coefficient of the contact region is negligible.

Field of study: Engineering
Design of Infrared Alarm System Based on RS-485 Bus

Introduces an infrared alarm system based on RS-485 bus.Discusses the system's principle and the hardware's design.And presents the structure diagram of hardware and the software flow.The system could make spot fortify and audible and visual alarm,also,it can realize remote monitoring and computer alarming.The alarm is small,long-distance communication,easy to expand as a switchboard advantages of multi-point alarm system.After repeated testing,the alarm is reliable and has high practical value.

Field of study: Computer science
Fats and oils as oleochemical raw materials

Vegetable oils and fats are important constituents of human and animal foodstuffs. Certain grades are industrially used and, together with carbohydrates and proteins, are important renewable resources compared to fossil and mineral raw materials, whose occurrence is finite. In concepts for new products, the price, performance, and product safety criteria are equally important and have a correspondingly high importance right at the start of product development. To ensure a high degree of product safety for consumers and the environment, renewable resources have often been shown to have advantages when compared with petrochemical raw materials and can therefore be regarded as being the ideal raw material basis. Results from oleochemistry show that the use of vegetable fats and oils allows the development of competitive, powerful products, which are both consumer-friendly and environment-friendly. Recently developed products, which fit this requirement profile, are the anionic surfactants cocomonoglyceride sulfate and the nonionic sugar surfactant alkyl polyglycoside. These products are used especially as mild surfactants in cosmetic formulations. In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols, and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector fatty acid-based esters have proven to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products.

Field of study: Chemistry
Clinical Significance of Serum Kallistatin and ENOX1 Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Kallistatin and ENOX1 are regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress which are typical pathological reactions in atherosclerosis. However, there is limited information of kallistatin and ENOX1 in coronary heart disease (CHD).  Fifty healthy controls, 56 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, and 47 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients were included in this study. Levels of kallistatin and ENOX1 in serum were measured by ELISA. χ2 test was performed to analyze categorical data. ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the numerical data. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the diagnostic value of kallistatin in CHD.  Among the 153 participants, 59.5% were male and the average age was 63.8 ± 11.39 years. Compared with the control group, kallistatin expression was decreased in the SAP and ACS groups while expression of ENOX1 was increased in the ACS group (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the kallistatin level was negatively correlated with the Gensini score (r = −0.210, p < 0.01), white blood cell (WBC) count (r = −0.283, p < 0.001), and triglyceride levels (r = −0.242, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with age (r = 0.353, p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.310, p < 0.001). ENOX1 expression was positively correlated with WBC count (r = 0.244, p < 0.01), international normalized ratio (r = 0.177, p < 0.05), and Gensini score (r = 0.201, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that Cr, alanine transaminase, glucose, and kallistatin are independent predictors for Gensini score. The ROC curve showed that kallistatin had the highest diagnostic significance (p = 0.007) when the area under curve was 0.636, with a sensitivity of 0.735 and a specificity of 0.495.  Expression of kallistatin was decreased in CHD patients and that of ENOX1 was increased in ACS patients. Kallistatin and ENOX1 were closely connected with the severity of CHD, and kallistatin may be helpful in the diagnosis of CHD.

Field of study: Medicine
Commercial Soil Stabilizers for Temporary and Wind-Erosion Control

A GRICULTURAL crops are most vulnerable to damage by blowing soil immediately after seeding and during early growth (Lyles and Woodruff 1960, Skidmore 1966). Damage ranges from "blowouts" before emergence to complete destruction by abrasion after emergence. The risk of damage from windblown soil prevents direct seeding of tomatoes in some areas. (Wittmeyer 1974) One feasible approach toward preventing wind erosion for 5 to 7 wks (or until the crop establishes a canopy to protect the soil surface) is to spray the soil surface at seeding time with commercially available stabilizers. In a field study Lyles et al. (1969), evaluating four materials soon after application, showed that per-acre costs could be reduced by using higher water-dilution ratios at manufacturers' recommended total volumes, or by using lower total volumes at recommended dilution ratios and applying the material with fine-spray nozzles. Armbrust and Dickerson (1971), who tested 34 materials in the laboratory, used recommended water-dilution ratios but tested lower total volumes applied through fine-spray nozzles. Because of plugging, finespray nozzles could not be used with some of their products. They suggested six stabilizers, based on certain criteria, that would cost $50 or less per acre (material cost only) and provide temporary wind-erosion control. Our study extends previous research by including rainfall effects in laboratory-screening tests and by including field trials of selected soil stabilizers found effective in laboratory tests.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A Broadband Adjustable Filter Based on Metamaterial

The traditional filter requires a filter combination of different central frequencies to realize the adjustable frequency. In this paper, based on the principle of metamaterial phase compensation, miniaturization and high integration filter are designed. And by using the varactor diode loading technology to change the electromagnetic parameters, the filter can be tuned in frequency. A square loop metamaterial filter is designed in this paper. The filter can be continuously tunable in the X band by loading varactor diode on the unit structure. The measured results show that: when the varactor diode increases from 0.15pF to 0.70pF, the center frequency of the filter is decreased from 11.7GHz to 10.3GHz, the bandwidth is 17.2% (10.1GHz-12.0GHz), and the return loss minimum is 25dB, the insertion loss maximum is

Field of study: Engineering
Can the value choices in DALYs influence global priority-setting?

The "disability adjusted life years" (DALYs) are increasingly used as a tool for decision-making and for describing the distribution of the Global Burden of Disease. The "DALY" combines information about mortality and morbidity, with several value choices such as disability weighting, age-weighting and discounting. These value choices imply that life years are assigned different value, depending on the age and the health state they are in. How robust is the distribution of DALYs to changes in these value choices, and are the choices transparent at the point of use? We calculated the burden attributed to "developmental disability due to malnutrition" and "major depression" with alternative value choices in a simple sensitivity analysis. In particular, we explored the relation between disability weight, health state description and incidence rate. The formulae and information needed was found in the World Health Organisation (WHO) publications using DALYs, and in a survey among international health workers. We found that alternative age-weights, disability weights and discount rate led to an inversion in the ranking of the burden of the two conditions. The DALY loss attributed to "developmental disability due to malnutrition" increased from 14 to 90%, while that of "major depression" sunk from 86 to 10%. The value choices currently used, tend at underestimating the disease burden attributed to young populations and to communicable diseases and this goes against the renewed efforts of the WHO of targeting diseases that are typical of poor populations. While the value choices may be changed, lack of transparency is a more profound problem. At the point of use, the number of DALYs attributed to a condition cannot be fully disaggregated. Hence, one cannot know which part of a DALY loss reflects the age group affected, the prevalence, the mortality rates, the disability weight assigned to it, or to how the condition has been defined. A more transparent and useful approach, we believe, would be to present the years lost due to a disease, and the years lived with a disease separately, without disability weights, age-weights and discounting. This would keep the best of the DALY approach and come closer to the aim of disentangling science from advocacy.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Assessment of Teaching Strategies Adopted for Effective Implementation of Science Subjects and Trade Modules Curriculum in Nigerian Technical Colleges

The study assessed the teaching strategies adopted for effective implementation of science subjects and trade modules’ curriculum in Nigerian technical colleges. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of the various teaching methods adopted for implementing the content of the science subjects and trade modules in Nigerian technical colleges. The study employed descriptive research design of survey type. The sample for the study consisted of 180 technical college science teachers and trade teachers selected from Ekiti, Ondo and Osun state technical colleges using multistage sampling technique. Teaching Strategies Rating Scale (TSRS) with reliability coefficient of 0.76 was used to collect necessary data. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that projects are well selected and planned for the students and students are encouraged to always work on their own rather than group work. The group method, field trip and E-learning/ICT method are not always employed by science and trade teachers in imparting the content of the curriculum. It was concluded that the implementation of the content of technical education curriculum faces some set back due to the lecture method adopted by the teachers which made them to be more theoretical in their practice. It was recommended that the teaching strategies adopted for implementing the science subjects and trade modules in Technical Colleges should be revisited in line with the complexity of the content of the curriculum. The teachers should embark on the use of: group method, field trip method, project method and ICT method recommended for the teaching and learning of Science and trade subjects. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n6p391

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Monitoring contemporary student flows and characteristics: secondary analyses using the Labour Force Survey and the General Household Survey

This paper examines trends in the participation in higher education by disadvantaged social groups over the recent period of higher education expansion and reform. It has been suggested that disadvantaged groups can recoup by participation at mature ages and this question is examined. The data sources used are the Labour Force Survey (1986-1995), which yielded 13384 students (6747 men and 6637 women), and the General Household Survey (1984-1992), which yielded 1936 students (982 men and 954 women). From a perspective of equal opportunities, the relative participation of young people from manual and non-manual origins does not appear to have changed over the period considered, but there is some evidence of increased relative participation by people from manual class origins as mature students. Mature students from such origins were older than those from non-manual class origins, as were mature women than mature men, with consequences for employability. From a perspectiie of lifelong learning, the recent expansion has been successful, with more entrants from the unemployed. Considerable percentages of women also enter from full-time housework, and increasing percentages from manual work. However, as in the past, many entrants had been successful in becoming employed before entry, some being seconded by employers. Despite these changes, the greatest absolute take-up has been from middle class youth. Early employment outcomes were examined and suggest some discrimination against mature students. It is possible that the increased cost of higher education, in the context of an expanded labour market of graduates, may deter some mature students.

Field of study: Mathematics
Evaluation of a single-session brief motivational enhancement intervention for partner abusive men.

The current study evaluated the efficacy of a single-session brief motivational enhancement (BME) interview to increase treatment compliance and reduce recidivism rates in a sample of 82 recently adjudicated male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Batterer intervention program attendance and completion as well as re-arrest records served as the primary outcome measures and were collected 6 months post-adjudication. Results indicated that BME was associated with increases in session attendance and treatment compliance. BME was not directly associated with reductions in recidivism. The relationship between BME and treatment compliance was moderated by readiness to change such that BME participants with low readiness to change attended more sessions and were more likely to be in compliance with the terms of a treatment than control participants with low readiness, while participants with high readiness attended sessions equally, regardless of study condition. Results indicate that outcomes may be improved through treatment efforts that consider individual differences, such as one's readiness to change, in planning interventions for IPV perpetrators.

Field of study: Psychology
MEASUREMENT AND CORRELATION OF TAXOL SOLUBILITY IN METHANOL,ETHANOL AND METHANOL-WATER SYSTEMS

Taxol is a unique antitumor drug that appears to exert its activity as a result of interference with microtubular structure and function. The Taxol solubility of in methanol, ethanol and methanol-water was measured by the equilibrium method in this paper. The data obtained were correlated by the regress equation and ANN model. The results showed that the both were in excellent agreement with the experimental data and the ANN model was more convenient than the regress equation.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
First human experience with autologous Schwann cells to supplement sciatic nerve repair: report of 2 cases with long-term follow-up.

Long-segment injuries to large peripheral nerves present a challenge to surgeons because insufficient donor tissue limits repair. Multiple supplemental approaches have been investigated, including the use of Schwann cells (SCs). The authors present the first 2 cases using autologous SCs to supplement a peripheral nerve graft repair in humans with long-term follow-up data.  Two patients were enrolled in an FDA-approved trial to assess the safety of using expanded populations of autologous SCs to supplement the repair of long-segment injuries to the sciatic nerve. The mechanism of injury included a boat propeller and a gunshot wound. The SCs were obtained from both the sural nerve and damaged sciatic nerve stump. The SCs were expanded and purified in culture by using heregulin β1 and forskolin. Repair was performed with sural nerve grafts, SCs in suspension, and a Duragen graft to house the construct. Follow-up was 36 and 12 months for the patients in Cases 1 and 2, respectively.  The patient in Case 1 had a boat propeller injury with complete transection of both sciatic divisions at midthigh. The graft length was approximately 7.5 cm. In the postoperative period the patient regained motor function (Medical Research Council [MRC] Grade 5/5) in the tibial distribution, with partial function in peroneal distribution (MRC Grade 2/5 on dorsiflexion). Partial return of sensory function was also achieved, and neuropathic pain was completely resolved. The patient in Case 2 sustained a gunshot wound to the leg, with partial disruption of the tibial division of the sciatic nerve at the midthigh. The graft length was 5 cm. Postoperatively the patient regained complete motor function of the tibial nerve, with partial return of sensation. Long-term follow-up with both MRI and ultrasound demonstrated nerve graft continuity and the absence of tumor formation at the repair site.  Presented here are the first 2 cases in which autologous SCs were used to supplement human peripheral nerve repair in long-segment injury. Both patients had significant improvement in both motor and sensory function with correlative imaging. This study demonstrates preliminary safety and efficacy of SC transplantation for peripheral nerve repair.

Field of study: Medicine
Popularization and Application of the Yi Character Input Method's Free Split Mode

Makes the summary and the discussion on the code optimization program of Yi input method,which is based on the free split mode.Uses the font style code mode by the free split mode,compares and analyses the criterion Yi character and some minority languages script in Yunnan by demonstrating the structural features of the character font to explore their commonalities and to achieve the promotion and the application of free-coding schemes of minority languages script in Yunnan.It provides the reference of method and content to the study on the ethnic minority character informationization processing in Yunnan.

Field of study: Computer science
Ein Bandenspektrum des Se2

ZusammenfassungDie Rotationsstruktur der Selenbanden im Gebiete λλ 3700 bis 3900 Å deuten ein1∑u+ →1∑g+-System an. Prädissoziation und Isotopieeffekt werden kurz beschrieben. Se80 hat keinen Kernspin. Eine verbesserte Kantenformel wird aufgestellt.

Field of study: Physics
Correlation of two Helikian peralkaline granite – volcanic centres in central Labrador

Recent mapping in central Labrador has resulted in the recognition and correlation of two Neohelikian peralkaline silicic igneous centres. The Flowers River igneous suite is circular in shape, covers an area of approximately 1720 km2, and consists of undeformed comenditic granite in contact with extrusive equivalent porphyry, felsite, tuff, and breccia. The Letitia Lake volcanic complex has been deformed by the Grenvillian Orogeny into an elliptical structure that covers approximately 450 km2. The complex consists of comenditic granite and syenite of the Arc Lake intrusive suite and related porphyry, rhyolite, tuff, and volcanogenically derived sediments of the Letitia Lake Group. Undersaturated aenigmatite–nepheline gneisses and syenites of the Red Wine alkaline complex are associated in space and time with the peralkaline silicic rocks of the Letitia Lake complex. The two centres are separated by 175 km and are an integral part of a Neohelikian period of uplift and continental rifting that involved form...

Field of study: Environmental science
Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Mixed-valence Pentaamminechlororuthenium(III) Hexacyanoruthenate(II) Coordination Compound Self-assembled Film

Functional self-assembled film of a class II mixed-valence coordination compound, pentaamminechlororuthenium(III) hexacyanoruthenate(II) (Na[NH3]5Ru(III)-CN-Ru(II)(CN)5), was fabricated and charact...

Field of study: Chemistry
An advanced area scaling approach for semiconductor burn-in

In semiconductor manufacturing, early life failures are avoided by putting the produced items under accelerated stress conditions before delivery. The products’ early life failure probability p is assessed by means of a burn-in study, in which a sample of the stressed items is investigated for early failures. The aim is to prove a target failure probability of the produced devices and release stress testing of the whole population. Given the failure probability level on a reference product, the failure probabilities of so-called follower products with different chip sizes are then obtained by means of area scaling. Classically, area scaling is done with respect to the whole area of the chips. Nevertheless, semiconductors can be partitioned into different chip subsets, which can have different likelihoods of failures. In this paper, we propose a novel area scaling model for the chip failure probability p, which enables us to scale the chip subsets separately from each other. The main idea is to adapt the classical estimators of the failure probabilities of the chip partitions according to the number of failures on the different chip subsets. This leads to a more appropriate estimation of the failure probabilities of the follower products and helps to improve the efficiency of burn-in testing.

Field of study: Engineering
Measurements of the turnover rate of glutamine in normal and acidotic rats.

The turnover of glutamine was measured in rats with [1-14C]glutamine. Rates of turnover measured by constant infusion of the label were 130 mumol/h per 100g body wt. in control rats and were not changed in chronic metabolic acidosis. These rates of turnover of whole-body glutamine were about 13-26% of the rate of net glutamine release into the bloodstream, indicating that the bulk of glutamine turnover in vivo is concerned with intracellular processes rather than inter-organ fluxes.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Advance Organizers as Aids for Reading: Nature of the Learner and the Learning.

Research on advance organizers has yielded mixed conclusions about their instructional value. Most published studies of advance organizers have used college adults as subjects, but less able students may be the ones who can gain the most from such devices. This investigation examined advance organizer effectiveness for disadvantaged seventh-grade students. It assessed the influence of the organizer under two testing formats: recall and recognition. The advance organizer improved retention of a social studies passage by 22% over what occurred when a general interest introduction of similar length preceded the passage. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the advance organizer was clear regardless of testing conditions.

Field of study: Education