nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose metabolism, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 after alcohol withdrawal.

Alcohol abusers often present with deteriorated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Changes in other glucoregulators, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) may also be related to alcohol abuse. We studied the effects of alcohol withdrawal on blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide, and plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels in 27 noncirrhotic male alcoholics aged 43 +/- 9.0 (mean +/- SD) years on four consecutive days immediately after withdrawal. A 4-day monitoring period was conducted in four healthy nonalcoholic control men. The groups were similar in age and body mass index. Glucose, insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 did not differ significantly between the groups at the baseline, but C-peptide was higher in alcoholics (p < 0.01). After alcohol withdrawal, serum insulin and C-peptide levels increased in close correlation with each other (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). During the 4-day observation period in alcoholics, IGFBP-1 levels declined by 59%, whereas IGF-I increased by 41% (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The change in insulin correlated inversely with the change in IGFBP-1 levels (r = -0.39, p < 0.05). In the control group, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 remained unchanged during the 4-day monitoring period, whereas some reduction was observed in C-peptide. In conclusion, alcohol withdrawal enhances insulin production, as seen in increased C-peptide levels. An inverse correlation between the changes in insulin and that in IGFBP-1 might suggest that inhibition of IGFBP-1 by insulin remains largely unchanged during the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal.

Field of study: Medicine
Toward Greater Implementation of Motivating Factors for a Better Quality of School: Case in Kosovo

Changes in recent years in the field of education show that our country seems to be reformed based on European standards, making it comparable to other countries education system. However the experience in practice shows the gaps which limit creation of an environment that promotes and motivates human society best values.This paper is focused on factors which facilitate/obstruct development of quality in the field of education by offering examples which allow solution.In this case, the paper presents factors that contribute to more successful and safer school development, starting from the reasons which obstruct/facilitate success, such as improper application of teaching methods, teacher and parent accountability towards students, punitive and preventive measures for different occurrences such as school drop-outs, low social-economic levels, closer cooperation between MEST and schools, faster and wider application of the ICT, etc.The essence of the request for greater integration of all these factors toward student motivation in aiding school work is a need for conditions which currently should be entwined in our schools in the service of placing better quality, systematic, selected and functional education in our schools by creating the circumstances for the students to have an internal push to work on activities and tasks which enrich their spiritual and intellectual knowledge. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p545

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Basic Study on Development of Early Diagnosis for Dementia

Recently, people of advanced age is increasing rapidly and following this the number of dementia is also increasing. The present study aimed to examine whether working memory task (1 back task) is available for an early diagnosis of dementia and to develop the early diagnostic method of dementia, by noticing that the prefrontal cortex is related to dementia and working memory. There was positive significant correlation between a number of right answer for working memory task and score of Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale (HDS-R). In EEG coherent results, there was significant correlation between coherence of EEG and the score of HDS-R, especially in beta wave. The present results suggested that diagnosis using working memory task might be effective in detecting the presence of pre-stage of dementia.

Field of study: Computer science
INFORMATION SYSTEMS OUTSOURCING DRIVERS AND SERVICE DELIVERY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Information system is key in the operations of commercial banks. The study was aimed at establishing IS outsourcing drivers and service delivery of commercial banks in Kenya. It was specifically aimed to establish ways that need for quality, cost, flexibility, access to technology and risk of obsolesce drives firms to adopt IS outsourcing drivers of commercial banks in Kenya. The study used descriptive research design in its methodology. The study was guided by Resource based view Theory and transactional cost theory. The study used primary data which was collected and was affected by use of structured questionnaires. Head of departments and the equivalents were the targeted population from the 44 commercial banks Kenya. These questionnaires were issued through drop and pick method, coded, keyed and analyzed using both descriptive and regression analysis. Information system outsourcing drivers which were cost, quality, flexibility, need to reduce obsolesce and access technology was the independent variables while service delivery was the dependent variable which was measured by number of new accounts opened, customer satisfaction, timeliness in service delivery. The study findings on objective one on the IS outsourcing drivers indicated that to a great extent cost was a driver of IS outsourcing as indicated by a mean value of 4.0, Flexibility to a moderate extent as indicated by a mean value of 3.7, focus on strategic issues indicated a mean of 3.8, access to technology indicated a mean value of 3.6, reduce risk of obsolesce to a moderate extent:3.6 and quality to a moderate extent:3.7. This indicated that to a moderate to a large extent all the IS outsourcing drivers had been implemented as IS outsourcing drivers of commercial banks in Kenya. The findings on objective two on the effect of IS outsourcing drivers on service delivery indicated that IS outsourcing drivers have a positive impact on service delivery of commercial banks in Kenya. 60 percent of variations in service delivery in commercial banks was affected by IS outsourcing drivers. The major limitation of the study is that it was based on commercial banks only. Other future academicians should research on IS outsourcing drivers in other firms. There is need to study on IS outsourcing drivers and performance of other sectors other than commercial banks.

Field of study: Business
Mapping Associations between Interests and Personality: Toward a Conceptual Understanding of Individual Differences in Vocational Behavior.

This study tested the hypothesis that previously reported associations between personality traits and vocational interests can be accounted for by associations between lower order personality traits and interests. Personality traits were explored using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992b), which measures the personality types of the five-factor model (e.g., P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992a) as well as 30 lower order personality facets. Interests were defined using J. L. Holland's (1997) RIASEC types as well as basic interest factors ( 1995). Results suggested several interest-personality associations at the facet level that lend support to emerging theories of the role of individual differences in vocational development.

Field of study: Psychology
The influence of stellar objects mass distribution on their gravitational fields.

We study the influence of the astronomical objects masses randomness on the distribution function of their gravitational fields. Based on purely theoretical arguments and comparison with extensive data, collected from observations and numerical simulations, we have shown that while mass randomness does not alter the non-Gaussian character of the gravitational fields distribution, it changes the dependencies of mean angular momenta of galaxies and clusters on their richness. The specific form of above dependence is determined by the interplay of mass distribution character and different assumptions about cluster morphology. We trace the influence of masses distribution on the time evolution of stellar objects angular momenta in CDM and $\Lambda$CDM models. Our theoretical predictions are in very good coincidence with the statistical results derived both from observational data and numerical simulations.

Field of study: Physics
Robust mean‐squared error estimation for poverty estimates based on the method of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw

The method of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (ELL) is the small area estimation method developed by the World Bank for poverty mapping and is widely used in developing countries. However, it has been criticized because of its assumption of negligible between-area variability when used to calculate small area poverty estimates. In particular, the mean-squared errors (MSEs) of these estimates are significantly underestimated when this between-area variability cannot be adequately explained by the model covariates. A method of MSE estimation for ELL-type estimates is proposed which is robust to significant unexplained between-area variability. Simulation results show that the method proposed performs better than standard ELL MSE estimators when the area homogeneity assumption is violated. An application to a Bangladesh poverty mapping study provides some empirical evidence for this robustness.

Field of study: Mathematics
Offline Witness Encryption

Witness encryption (WE) was introduced by Garg et al. [GGSW13]. A WE scheme is defined for some NP language L and lets a sender encrypt messages relative to instances x. A ciphertext for x can be decrypted using w witnessing \(x\in L\), but hides the message if \(x\notin L\). Garg et al. construct WE from multilinear maps and give another construction [GGH+13b] using indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) for circuits. Due to the reliance on such heavy tools, WE can currently hardly be implemented on powerful hardware and will unlikely be realizable on constrained devices like smart cards any time soon.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
The Proliferating Rebellion in South Sudan: Its Explanations and Implications

ust a few years following independence, South Sudan struggles to form as a state. While the economy rapidly sinks, politically motivated insurrections and ethnic feuds seem to be on the rise countrywide. Since the outbreak of the 2013 war, poverty, as well as street banditry, have become increasingly prevalent, especially in major towns and along the highways. Some observers and South Sudanese alike suggest the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCISS) that was reached between the government and the major rebel group, the SPLM-IO, in August 2015, and which was hoped to alleviate these circumstances, has collapsed. The July State House violence, which forced Dr. Riek Machar out of Juba and his replacement with Gen. Taban Deng Gai as First Vice President of the Republic, for example, are readily referenced as significant impediments to the agreement.

Field of study: Political science
Regularization Path of Cross-Validation Error Lower Bounds

Careful tuning of a regularization parameter is indispensable in many machine learning tasks because it has a significant impact on generalization performances. Nevertheless, current practice of regularization parameter tuning is more of an art than a science, e.g., it is hard to tell how many grid-points would be needed in cross-validation (CV) for obtaining a solution with sufficiently small CV error. In this paper we propose a novel framework for computing a lower bound of the CV errors as a function of the regularization parameter, which we call regularization path of CV error lower bounds. The proposed framework can be used for providing a theoretical approximation guarantee on a set of solutions in the sense that how far the CV error of the current best solution could be away from best possible CV error in the entire range of the regularization parameters. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that a theoretically guaranteed choice of a regularization parameter in the above sense is possible with reasonable computational costs.

Field of study: Computer science
Radionuclide migration in groundwaters: Review of the behaviour of actinides (Technical Report)

The most likely process that can lead to the release of radionuclides from a radioactive waste repository in a geological formation is transport by groundwaters. Because of this, the migration of radionuclides in groundwaters is extensively studied ; consequently works and studies to be performed in the evaluation of this phenomenon must deal with aqueous chemistry, geochemistry, hydrology, physics and modeling. The current state of the art concerning actinide migration is given in this report in order to highlight the various aspects of the subject and to point out the research required to bridge the gaps in our current knowledge.  The safety of a radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel repository is related to its capacity to confine radioactivity and isolate it from the biosphere. The most likely process that can lead to the release of radionuclides from a repository to the geosphere is transport by groundwater. Consequently, waste disposal-related safety analyses must assess the importance of the migration of radionuclides (i.e., their mobility) in the conservative assumption of leaching by groundwater (i.e., after the destruction of the engineered barriers). The evaluation of the mobility of radionuclides in groundwaters requires : Knowledge of their mobile species, i.e., knowledge of radionuclide aqueous chemistry and knowledge of the environmental waters, which condition the nature and concentration of their soluble species. This study can be carried out with a thermodynamic approach, which considers the system at steady state (reasonable approximation, taking into account the very low water velocity expected in the vicinity of a geological repository). The chemical species are calculated (with the assistance of computer based methods) by solving the equilibrium reactions which can occur between the water constituents and the nuclides. This procedure assumes that reliable thermodynamic data are available for every major reaction, including data for conditions that differ greatly from standard conditions (such as temperature up to 200°C in the near field of vitrified waste disposal and ionic strengths different from zero). Unfortunately, these data are not always available., . Knowledge of transport processes and their kinetic, convection and diffusion characteristics within the water, of sorption and of desorption from rocks and minerals in contact with the aqueous phase. The effect of these processes on radionuclide mobility and changes in sorption behaviour, as a function of time due to rock aging phenomena, are also required. Research in this field has led to both

Field of study: Chemistry
Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) brachiopod biogeography in the western Tethys: The Euro-Boreal and Mediterranean faunal provinces revised

The Pliensbachian brachiopod biogeography of the western Tethyan region and the Euro-Boreal vs. Mediterranean faunal provinciality is evaluated. The data base was developed from improved and mostly revised taxonomical data of 25 Pliensbachian brachiopod localities selected from Europe and North Africa. The revised list and presence-absence data of 405 Pliensbachian brachiopod species formed the taxonomic units of the numerical analysis based on similarity coefficients. Cluster analysis (hCA) carried out from the Jaccard and Raup-Crick coefficient data showed clear dichotomy between the Euro-Boreal and Mediterranean brachiopod biochores. Principal coordinates (PCO) technique and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS), complemented with the minimal spanning trees, resulted in similar grouping of the Pliensbachian brachiopod faunas. In de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA), besides the clearly separated Euro-Boreal and Intra-Mediterranean units, the Peri-Mediterranean assemblage formed a discrete scatter between the two major biochores. The three Algerian faunas (Ouar, Trar, Ksou) appear in a somewhat marginal position within the Euro-Boreal province. The above Pliensbachian brachiopod biochores reveal very high degree of endemicity, probably related to the limited dispersal potential of brachiopods. From the complete data set distinctive Euro-Boreal and Mediterranean species, ten from both provinces, were selected. Ribbed spiriferinid morphotypes are frequent among the distinctive Euro-Boreal species, whereas, besides smooth spiriferinids, some rhynchonellid and terebratulid morphotypes with expanded anterior margins are common among the distinctive Mediterranean species. In the Early Jurassic Tethyan palaeogeography, the marked dichotomy between the Euro-Boreal and Mediterranean provinces is interpreted in terms of deep-sea/oceanic barriers, which isolated the intra-Tethyan microcontinent from the European and African shelf regions. Geographical position and local environmental factors caused the differentiation of the Peri-Mediterranean subprovince along the north-western margin of the microcontinent. This palaeobiogeographical unit formed an interface between the Intra-Mediterranean and the Euro-Boreal biochores.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Ecogenomics reveals community interactions in a long-term methanogenic bioreactor and a rapid switch to sulfate reducing conditions.

The anaerobic digestion of wastes is globally important in the production of methane (CH4) as a biofuel. When sulfate is present, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are stimulated, competing with methanogens for common substrates which decreases CH4 production and results in the formation of corrosive, odorous hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). Here we show that a population of SRB within a methanogenic bioreactor fed only butyrate for years immediately (within hours) responded to sulfate availability and shifted the microbial community dynamics within the bioreactor. By mapping shotgun metatranscriptomes to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we shed light on the transcriptomic responses of key community members in response to increased sulfate provision. We link these short-term transcriptional responses to long-term niche partitioning using comparative metagenomic analyses. Our results suggest that sulfate provision supports a syntrophic butyrate oxidation community that disfavors poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage and that hydrogenotrophic SRB populations effectively exclude obligately hydrogenotrophic, but not aceticlastic, methanogens when sulfate is readily available. These findings elucidate key ecological dynamics between SRB, methanogens, and syntrophic butyrate oxidizing bacteria which can be applied to a variety of engineered and natural systems.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS. OPTOELECTRONICS: Some characteristics of formation of volume dynamic holograms by concurrent waves propagating in resonant atomic media

An investigation was made of the transient process of formation of volume dynamic holograms by light within the spectral limits of the D2 resonant absorption line of sodium. The observed asymmetry of the spectral distribution of the gain of the signal waves in the case of a concurrent interaction between four beams was attributed to different mechanisms of the interaction, the main of which were a four-wave interaction in the long-wavelength wing and transient two-beam energy transfer in the short-wavelength wing. The results obtained were used to recommend an experimental method for the determination of the relative contributions of these processes to the amplification of signal waves.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Book-Review - the Invisible Universe - Probing the Frontiers of Astrophysics

As Galileo's discovery of the telescope revolutionized mankind's perception of his visible outermost surroundings, so the past twenty years have irrevocably altered our view of the invisible cosmos. In The Invisible Universe, Eric Chaisson, author of Cosmic Dawn and George Field, former director of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, discuss stars and galaxies, and especially the ''hidden matter'' among them - summarizing discoveries made in our Golden Age of astronomy. The book's major emphasis is on the translation of non-visible data into visible pictures, with data-collecting telescopes that transmit information from space to earth via radio. This technology is demonstrated in the book's color photographs, which are computer-enhanced digital images representing a cross-section of the image processing in radio, infared, optical, ultraviolet and x-ray astronomy.

Field of study: Physics
Anti-monopoly Law Regulations on the Merger of Enterprises

The merger of enterprises would be good to achieving economies of scale, but without well control, some enterprise may take advantage of the chance of merger to restrict other rivals to enter the market, and attain the market monopoly. This paper points out that there lie three problems in the merger regulations in China's anti-monopoly legislation: the exemption rules are unreasonable, declaration standard is not defined clearly and the structure of lawenforcement agencies is not well-framed. To solve these problems, we need to perfect the exemption rules, make a clear quantitative criterion and ensure the independence anti-monopoly enforcement authority.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Team Effectiveness: A Case Study of a Fast-Growing Private Educational Organization in the UAE

This study attempts to investigate the effectivenes s of grade-level teams within Emirates Internationa l Academy ‐ EIA (pseudonym), a fast-accelerating private educ ational organization in the UAE, using a questionna ire survey. In order to determine the characteristics a nd elements of an effective team and, thus, formula te specific research questions, Mickan and Roger (2000) is adopted for further study and compared with other liter ature prior to conducting the empirical study. This resea rch is quantitative in nature and arrives at conclu sions in an inductive manner, thus generalize the findings on s imilar organizations operating in the UAE. It is ob served that the grade-level teams within EIA achieve goals that link with the purpose of the Academy and most of t he teams, in general, are effective but do not have sufficien t performance feedback opportunities for development. In order to increase the overall team effectiveness, senior leadership and team leaders are recommended to provide and encourage opportunities for teams to reflect upon s elf- and group- performance.

Field of study: Education
Is a wider choice conducive to stability? : (A Comment on "Money, National Debt, and Economic Growth" by John Z. Drabicki and Akira Takayama)

In their recent article ( (1984), 356–367), J. Z. Drabicki and A. Takayama suggest that the additional flexibility afforded by the introduction of a third asset in Tobin's two assets model leads to the reversal of saddle-point instability into local stability. The present comment questions that suggestion and discusses the seemingly objectionable derivation of this result from Samuelson's correspondence principle. It shows that, when the correspondence principle is correctly applied, the stability result is only ensured by parameter values which can be interpreted as indicating a sufficient sluggishness in stock and price adjustments. Friction, not choice, is the stabilizing factor.

Field of study: Economics