nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Occupational Stress and Burnout on Turnover Intentions among Senior High School Teachers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Despite the increasing concern about occupational stress, burnout and turnover intentions in society and in social service organisations especially among teachers in schools, results give evidence that teachers encounter several grades of stress and burnout in their occupation. This causes teachers to sometimes or most times harbour the intention to leave their job for other occupations. This study assessed the impact of occupational stress and burnout on turnover intentions among senior high school teachers in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The study again looked at the relationships that exist among occupational stress, burnout, job dissatisfaction and turnover intentions among Senior High School teachers in Cape Coast Metropolis. The study employed the descriptive survey design and made use of both descriptive and inferential data analysis approaches. The population comprised teachers from the 15 Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast metropolis of the Central Region of Ghana. The study employed a multi-stage sampling technique. The study further employed a census method to include all the teachers from the ten selected schoolsResults: The study revealed that occupational stress and burn out had significant impact on turnover intention among Senior High School teachers in Cape Coast Metropolis. F (2, 517) = 9.898, p < 0.05.  Also, the results of the study indicated that generally job dissatisfaction had statistically significant impact on turnover intention of the participants. F (1, 518) = 82.163                  p < 0.05.Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: It was recommended that heads of senior high school institutions can organize effective programs such as a professional development programme for staff, organize workshops or talks on stress management, motivation, and awareness-raising for teachers. Teachers’ working conditions and wellbeing are adequate catered for by their employers. Schools should constantly design programme such as in-service training, workshops and reinforcing compensation package that would arouse and sustain teachers to stay on their job in spite of any daunting challenges that they may face.

Field of study: Education
Effect of High-voltage Inverter to Motor Differential Protection

Fan installed high voltage frequency converter,based on Fourier method traditional microcomputer differential protection once maloperation will cause fan to trip.To avoid this situation,this paper analyzes the reason causing differential circuit current appearing from running high voltage frequency converter and its estimation methods,points out that the solution should be optimizing differential protection or exiting the differential protection when in frequency-converting to prevent misoperation.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Improved cloud detection over sea ice and snow during Arctic summer using MERIS data

The historic MERIS sensor onboard Envisat (2002–2012) provides valuable remote sensing data for the retrievals of the summer sea ice in the Arctic. MERIS data together with the data of recently launched successor OLCI onboard Sentinel 3 (2016 onwards) can be used to assess the long-term change of the Arctic summer sea ice. An important prerequisite to a high-quality remote sensing dataset is an accurate separation of cloudy and clear pixels to ensure lowest cloud contamination of the end product. The presence of 15 VIS and NIR spectral channels of MERIS allow high quality retrievals of sea ice albedo and melt pond fraction, but make cloud screening a challenge as snow, sea ice and clouds have similar optical features in the available spectral range of 412.5–900 nm. In this paper, we present a new cloud screening method MECOSI (MERIS Cloud screening Over Sea Ice) for the retrievals of spectral albedo and melt pond fraction (MPF) from MERIS. The method utilizes all 15 MERIS channels, including the oxygen A absorption band. For the latter, a smile effect correction has been developed to ensure high quality screening throughout the whole swath. Three years of reference cloud mask from AATSR (Istomina et al., 2010) have been used to train the Bayesian cloud screening for the available limited MERIS spectral range. Whiteness and brightness criteria as well as normalized difference thresholds have been used as well. The comparison of the developed cloud mask to the operational AATSR and MODIS cloud masks shows a considerable improvement in the detection of clouds over snow and sea ice, with about 10 % false clear detections during May–July and less than 5 % false clear detections in the rest of the melting season. This seasonal behaviour is expected as the sea ice surface is generally brighter and more challenging for cloud detection in the beginning of the melting season. The effect of the improved cloud screening on the MPF/albedo datasets is demonstrated on both temporal and spatial scales. In the absence of cloud contamination, the time sequence of MPFs displays a greater range of values throughout the whole summer. The daily maps of the MPF now show spatially uniform values without cloud artefacts, which were clearly visible in the previous version of the dataset. The resulting cloud mask for the MERIS operating time, as well as the improved MPF/albedo datasets are available as swath data and daily means on the ftp server of the University of Bremen https://seaice.uni-bremen.de/data/meris/gridded_cldscr/ .

Field of study: Environmental science
Temperature field analysis of single-layer TiO2 films.

A method is presented to evaluate optical absorption at a random wavelength by calculating temperature distribution in single-layer TiO(2) films. Temperature distribution in single-layer TiO(2) films was analyzed based on temperature field theory. Through our calculations, optical absorption variation was obtained to be similar to that of surface temperature rise in films. The surface temperature rise depends on film thickness, refractive index, extinction coefficient, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the optical absorptions of the same single-layer TiO(2) film at different wavelengths were deduced. As an example, the surface temperature rises were calculated for the 19 single-layer TiO(2) films, which had been prepared by 12 different laboratories for the annual meeting of the Optical Society of America in 1986. The results agree well with the measured optical absorptions.

Field of study: Physics
Nature and regional significance of unconformities associated with the Middle Ordovician Hagan K-bentonite complex in the North American midcontinent

Stratal patterns of the Middle Ordovician Hagan K-bentonite complex and associated rocks show that the Black River–Trenton unconformity in the North American midcontinent formed through the complex interplay of eustasy, sediment accumulation rates, siliciclastic influx, bathymetry, seawater chemistry, and perhaps local tectonic uplift. The unconformity is diachronous and is an amalgamated surface that resulted from local late Turinian lowstand exposure followed by regional early Chatfieldian transgressive drowning and sediment starvation. The duration of the unconformity is greatest in southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and northern Indiana, where the Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonite Beds converge at the unconformity. On the basis of published isotopic ages for the Deicke and Millbrig beds, it is possible that in these regions erosion and nondeposition spanned a period of as much as 3.2 m.y. Two broad coeval depositional settings are recognized within the North American midcontinent during early Chatfieldian time. (1) An inner shelf, subtidal facies of fossiliferous shale (Spechts Ferry Shale Member and Ion Shale Member of the Decorah Formation) and argillaceous lime mudstone and skeletal wackestone (Guttenberg and Kings Lake Limestone Members) extended from the Canadian shield and Transcontinental arch southeastward through Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri. (2) A seaward, relatively deep subtidal, sediment-starved, middle shelf extended eastward from the Mississippi Valley region to the Taconian foreland basins in the central and southern Appalachians and southward through the pericratonic Arkoma and Black Warrior basins. In the inner shelf region, the Black River–Trenton unconformity is a composite of at least two prominent hardground omission surfaces, one at the top of the Castlewood and Carimona Limestone Members and the other at the top of the Guttenberg and Kings Lake Limestone Members, both merging to a single surface in the middle shelf region. The inner and middle shelves redeveloped later in approximately the same regions during Devonian and Mississippian time.

Field of study: Geology
The Balanced Ideological Antipathy Model

We introduce the balanced ideological antipathy (BIA) model, which challenges assumptions that right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) predict inter-group antipathy per se. Rather, the effects of RWA and SDO on antipathy should depend on the target’s political orientation and political objectives, the specific components of RWA, and the type of antipathy expressed. Consistent with the model, two studies (N = 585) showed that the Traditionalism component of RWA positively and negatively predicted both political intolerance and prejudice toward tradition-threatening and -reaffirming groups, respectively, whereas SDO positively and negatively predicted prejudice (and to some extent political intolerance) toward hierarchy-attenuating and -enhancing groups, respectively. Critically, the Conservatism component of RWA positively predicted political intolerance (but not prejudice) toward each type of target group, suggesting it captures the anti-democratic impulse at the heart of authoritarianism. Recommendations for future research on the relationship between ideological attitudes and inter-group antipathy are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Uptake and metabolism of nonylphenol in plants: Isomer selectivity involved with direct conjugation.

Nonylphenol (NP), an environmental estrogen, is actually a complicated mixture of isomers, although it is commonly considered to be a single compound. There are many routes for crops to come into contact with NP; however, little is known about the plant uptake and metabolism of NP, especially at the isomer level. This study comparatively evaluated the uptake and in-planta metabolism of 4-n-NP and its 10 isomers using both carrot cells and intact plants. The rapid metabolism of 4-n-NP was observed in the callus tissues and intact plants with half-lives of 2 h and 4.72 d, respectively. Six conjugates of 4-n-NP were identified in the cell extracts using high resolution mass spectrometry. The primary transformation pathway was found to be the direct conjugation (Phase II metabolism) with the parent compound at the hydroxyl. Furthermore, 4-NP isomers with short side chains and/or bulky α-substituents were more resistant to plant metabolism and showed a greater tendency for accumulation. The influence of the side chains to the isomer selectivity was verified by the molecular docking between glycosyltransferase and 4-NP isomers. This study highlighted the necessity to consider isomer-specificity in the plant accumulation of NP and the environmental and human health implications of NP conjugates.

Field of study: Environmental science
IgA肾病患者血液中Mpe的分离检出

1999年,Ya(n)ez等[1]首次从抗磷脂综合征患者的血液、口腔黏膜和支气管标本中分离到穿透支原体(Mpe,HF1～3),我们曾从肿瘤患者的血液与肿瘤组织中分离到Mpe[2],提示Mpe可从非HIV感染人群分离.近年来的研究表明,诸如肺炎支原体(Mp)、解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)、Mpe、发酵支原体(Mf)等人类致病性支原体的感染与多种自身免疫病相关[3].IgA肾病是一组多病因引起的以系膜区IgA沉积为免疫病理特征的自身免疫病,如临床上以血尿为主要表现的原发性肾小球肾炎.目前尚未见支原体感染与IgA肾病的相关报道,亦未曾从IgA肾病患者血液中分离到Mpe.

Field of study: Biology
Gender Differences in Participation in Elective Mathematics of Senior Secondary School Students in Ghana

This paper aims at contributing to the body of knowledge that exists in the area of differences in participation in elective mathematics, between boys and girls in Secondary Schools in Ghana. A sample of 738 respondents from five Secondary Schools was purposively selected using purposive sampling technique. All the respondents were final year students and had studied extensively more than a half of the elective mathematics syllabus. The selected schools were made up of two single-sex female schools, one single-sex male school and one mixed-sex schools from Cape Coast municipality in the central region and one mixed-sex school, from Sekondi in the western region of Ghana. Relevant data were gathered using a set of questionnaire and an interview schedule prepared by the researchers. The analysis of the personal interviews with some of the female respondents revealed various reasons why some females were attracted to the study of elective mathematics. The study revealed that the participation of males in elective mathematics was 50.5% while that of females was 27.2% giving an indication that females participated in elective mathematics less often than their male counterparts. Suggestions for increasing female participation in senior secondary school elective mathematics were made and areas for further research on the topic have also been suggested.

Field of study: Education
What Should Primary Care Providers Know About the Changes in DSM-5?

Primary care providers are increasingly involved in the management of patients with mental disorders, particularly as integrated models of care emerge. The recent publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) represents a shift in the classification of several mental disorders commonly encountered by primary care providers. With the advent of ICD-10 and the movement toward diagnostic specificity, it is crucial that primary care providers understand the rationale behind these changes. This paper provides an overview of the changes in the classification of mental disorders in DSM-5, a description of how these changes relate to frequently used screening tools in the primary care setting, and a critique of how these changes will affect mental health practice from a primary care perspective.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Reduced-order modeling approach for blisks with large mass, stiffness, and geometric mistuning

Deviations to the cyclic symmetry of turbomachinery blisks are common due to manufacturing, general wear, or foreign object damage. These deviations, called mistuning, can lead to dramatically increased forced responses of a few of the blades. The high computational cost associated with predictions for mistuned blisks has led to the development of various reduced-order modeling techniques. This paper introduces a new reduced-order modeling approach for both large and small mistuning. This approach makes use of a pristine-rogue-interface modal expansion (PRIME). The PRIME basis is a new basis composed of modes computed only from cyclic symmetry analyses.Bystrategicallyprojectinga finiteelementmodelfromthephysicalspaceontothenewbasis,itispossibleto accurately and efficiently model large mistuning. In addition, the new method can account for both large and small mistuning simultaneously, using an extension of the component mode mistuning approach. The methodology requires only sector-level calculations and therefore can be applied to highly refined, realistic models of industrial size.

Field of study: Physics
A step toward standardization: development of accurate measurements of X-ray absorption and fluorescence.

This paper explains how to take the counting precision available for XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) and attenuation measurements, of perhaps one part in 10(6) in special cases, to produce a local variance below 0.01% and an accuracy of attenuation of the order 0.01%, with an XAFS accuracy at a similar level leading to the determination of dynamical bond lengths to an accuracy similar to that obtained by standard and experienced crystallographic measurements. This includes the necessary corrections for the detector response to be linear, including a correction for dark current and air-path energy dependencies; a proper interpretation of the range of sample thicknesses for absorption experiments; developments of methods to measure and correct for harmonic contamination, especially at lower energies without mirrors; the significance of correcting for the actual bandwidth of the beam on target after monochromation, especially for the portability of results and edge structure from one beamline to another; definitions of precision, accuracy and XAFS accuracy suitable for theoretical model analysis; the role of additional and alternative high-accuracy procedures; and discusses some principles regarding data formats for XAFS and for the deposition of data sets with manuscripts or to a database. Increasingly, the insight of X-ray absorption and the standard of accuracy needed requires data with high intrinsic precision and therefore with allowance for a range of small but significant systematic effects. This is always crucial for absolute measurements of absorption, and is of equal importance but traditionally difficult for (usually relative) measurements of fluorescence XAFS or even absorption XAFS. Robust error analysis is crucial so that the significance of conclusions can be tested within the uncertainties of the measurements. Errors should not just include precision uncertainty but should attempt to include estimation of the most significant systematic error contributions to the results. This is essential if the results are to be subject to deposition in a central accessible reference database; it is also crucial for specifying a standard data format for portability and ease of use by depositors and users. In particular this will allow development of theoretical formulations to better serve the world-wide XAFS community, and a higher and more easily comparable standard of manuscripts.

Field of study: Physics
Patogenesis Diabetes Mellitus Tidak Bergantung Insulin (Non-/fain/in Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

The paper described a Short review of mechanism of glucose intolerance in most non-innilin dependent diabetics which is now clear that is not caused by defect in insulin secretion.alone. Genetic predisposition, impaired glucose-mediated insulin secretion, excessive basal hepatiC gluciase production (HGP) and cellular resistance to insulin action have been docuthented in NIDDM: The increase in basal HGP is the primary factor responsible for fasting hyperglycemia, where as both insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and relative defective insulin secretion contribute to the impaired glucose disposal following oral or intravenous glucose administration. Both receptor and post-receptor defects contribute to the insulin resistance observed in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The heterogeneity' of NIDDM may present as insulin "resistant or insulin sensitive variety: Key Words: NIDDM -- insulin secretion --hepatic glucose produCtion -- insulin resistance type -- insulin sensitive type,

Field of study: Medicine
The Analysis of Automobile Enterprises Based on Outsourcing

The Automobile Logistics Enterprises plays an important role in enhancing core competition strength of an enterprise ,improving added-value service, reducing cost of logistics and optimizing enterprise resources etc., but whether the above aims can be achieved depends on the ability and service of logistics vendors. It is of critical importance to the success of enterprise's outsourcing to choose an appropriate Automobile Logistics Enterprises vendor. While currently in China, the evaluating method we adopt are relay on analyzing the financial guideline of Automobile Logistics Enterprises evaluated by experts so as to ensure the final Automobile Logistics Enterprises. This method is not only too objective but also dissevers the connection between the biddings. Based on the construction of the index system for Automobile Logistics Enterprises classification, a method of classifying Automobile Logistics Enterprises is presented in this paper applying the cluster method of multivariate statistical analysis. It can be regarded as an important method for classifying Automobile Logistics Enterprises. Moreover, this method not only conquers the above drawbacks but also contributes to the selection of the Automobile Logistics Enterprises vendors on the basis of some objective information provided by this method.

Field of study: Engineering
Graph Networks with Spectral Message Passing

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are the subject of intense focus by the machine learning community for problems involving relational reasoning. GNNs can be broadly divided into spatial and spectral approaches. Spatial approaches use a form of learned message-passing, in which interactions among vertices are computed locally, and information propagates over longer distances on the graph with greater numbers of message-passing steps. Spectral approaches use eigendecompositions of the graph Laplacian to produce a generalization of spatial convolutions to graph structured data which access information over short and long time scales simultaneously. Here we introduce the Spectral Graph Network, which applies message passing to both the spatial and spectral domains. Our model projects vertices of the spatial graph onto the Laplacian eigenvectors, which are each represented as vertices in a fully connected "spectral graph", and then applies learned message passing to them. We apply this model to various benchmark tasks including a graph-based variant of MNIST classification, molecular property prediction on MoleculeNet and QM9, and shortest path problems on random graphs. Our results show that the Spectral GN promotes efficient training, reaching high performance with fewer training iterations despite having more parameters. The model also provides robustness to edge dropout and outperforms baselines for the classification tasks. We also explore how these performance benefits depend on properties of the dataset.

Field of study: Computer science
Unlock efficiency : production - research column

The need to adopt management practices and technologies that improve productive efficiency to meet increasing product demand while minimising the environmental impact of dairy production is becoming increasingly important. We can evaluate the environmental impact of a system by assessing the global warming potential (GWP) in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions and resource use (for example, land use) associated with production. The land use associated with a dairy system reflects the cow's requirement for food.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Forest drought resistance distinguished by canopy height

How are the survival and growth of trees under severe drought affected by their size? While some studies have shown that large trees are more vulnerable to drought than smaller trees, others found that small trees are the more vulnerable. We explored the potential relationships between canopy height and forest responses to drought indicated by tree mortality, tree ring width index (RWI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the southwestern United States  In that year many trees had zero tree ring growth due to mortality and dieback, presumably related to drought-stress. With RWI data from a tree ring data base and climate data co-located with the field measurements, we found size-dependent linear correlations between these forest responses and canopy height in SWUS under severe drought condition. During that drought period, both trunk growth (RWI) and leaf growth (NDVI) were positively correlated with canopy height of the smaller trees (less than 18 m) and negatively correlated with canopy height of greater than 18 m. Tree mortality was negatively correlated with canopy height up to 15 m. Both local-scale and regional-scale data are consistent in showing that forests with medium canopy height (around 18 meters) showed the greatest resistance to severe drought. We suggest that negative impacts of severe drought on forests could be modified with active management of canopy structure.

Field of study: Environmental science