nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Immune status in children with psychomotor development disturbances].

Leukocyte elastase (LE) activity and autoantibodies to nerve growth factor (NGF) level as indexes of innate and adaptive immunity have been studied in children with psychomotor development disturbances of cerebral organic origin. LE activity was elevated in mild and moderate degrees of psychomotor disturbances caused by perinatal encephalopathy. In psychomotor disturbances of cerebral organic origin, higher LE activity was accompanied by a significant increase of autoantibodies to NGF titers. Correlations between immunological parameters and some clinical symptoms were found. The results obtained suggest involvement of innate and adaptive immune system links in pathophysiology of psychomotor development disturbances in children.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Differential Evolution Feature Selection by Using Neighborhood Rough Set Model

When this paper applies a binary differential evolution algorithm with Hybrid Encoding to the feature selection,neighborhood rough set model is introduced to make full use of neighborhood local information and also can avoid the discrete process of numerical attributes.In order to evaluate the feature set better,weighted neighborhood recognition rate is proposed to overcome the possible problems of dependency measure and neighborhood recognition rate measure.The experimental results with UCI data set show that this method is effective and efficient.

Field of study: Computer science
Origin of the Quaternary Basalts from the Black Rock Desert Region, Utah: Strontium Isotopic Evidence

The basalts of the Black Rock Desert region in Utah have Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratios that vary from 0.7044 to 0.7059. Although this variation may be explained by derivation from inhomogenous mantle, it is also broadly compatible with a fractionation-assimilation model proposed for these basalts. Basalts of the Ice Spring field show an increase in Sr 87 /Sr 86 with decreasing Rb and Rb/Sr as a function of eruptive age. Such a trend may be explained by mixing of magmas having different differentiation-assimilation histories.

Field of study: Geology
Some basic concepts and thoughts on the space-time-analysis of rocks and mineral deposits in orogenic belts

The basic concepts and thoughts presented here are based on observations made during the past fifteen years in orogenic belts of the Alps, the Cordillera of South and North America, the Appalachians, and in the stable areas of the Canadian Shield and the Middle West of the United States.The constant repetition of the same pattern of problems with regard to space and time criteria in both, rock and ore genesis in all areas and all periods considered, suggests that a more fundamental approach than found so far in the literature may yield some results. This approach tends to separate observations and interpretations more rigidly, and it led to the conclusion that the present bewildering discrepancies of interpretation in rock and ore genesis are essentially due to a fundamental axiomatic difference of approach. The diverging interpretations reveal certain basically different patterns of thought with regard to the origin and evolution of matter in space and time. A brief sketch of the historical development of the present state of theories on rock and ore genesis is offered. Some light is shed on external reasons for the historical developments, and finally an attempt is made to understand the inherent, mostly subconscious reasons for this development and the present situation.It is suggested that in addition to detailed observations and experiments, we need also an integrated approach. The term “integrated” is defined as a constant inclusion of contemporary knowledge of other fields of science and of philosophy and psychology. It does not appear to be possible to reach a modern theory in the field of rock and ore genesis, or in any other field of science and humanities without breaking the dissociation and isolation between the different fields of human endeavour.

Field of study: Environmental science
Intellectual Differences in Negro and White Mental Defectives

Scores of 199 Southern Negro and white children whose Full Scale IQ was 69 or below were compared for the verbal and performance tests of the WISC. A multivariate test of the hypothesis of no mean racial differences resulted in the hypothesis being rejected for both sexes. A discriminant function determined from the tests classified 73% of the original Ss into their correct racial group and 63% of a cross-validation sample of 141. Examination of the function weights and test mean differences yielded the conclusion that while the whites had the typical pattern of intellectual performance found in other studies with retardates, the score pattern for Negroes resembled that of gifted children in that their verbal test scores were generally higher than their performance test scores. Implications of this finding for diagnostic and educational procedures are mentioned.

Field of study: Psychology
Structure of human translin at 2.2 A resolution.

The structure of human translin at 2.2 A resolution is reported in space group C222(1). Translin forms a tetramer in the asymmetric unit. Although the monomer structure is almost the same as the crystal structure of murine translin in space group P2(1)2(1)2, the relative positions of the tetramers differ between the human and murine translins. This suggests that the multimerization of translin is flexible; the flexibility may be related to the binding to DNA/RNA.

Field of study: Chemistry
Determination of absolute emission cross sections for electron-impact-induced line radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet.

A method and an experimental setup have been developed for measuring absolute photoemission cross sections for electron-impact-induced line radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). Unparalleled low uncertainties for the cross sections were achieved mainly from the use of the Berlin electron storage ring as a primary standard source in the VUV for the determination of the responsivity of the spectrometer-detector system used and from the use of a spinning rotor gauge as a secondary standard for the determination of the target gas density. As the first result we present a photoemission cross section for the Ar II 3s3p(6)(2)S(½)-3s(2)3p(5)(2)p?(3/2) transition at 91.98 nm for 2-keV electron-impact energy of 1.167 × 10(-18) cm(2) with a relative uncertainty of 4.4% (√3σ value). This low uncertainty demonstrates the suitability of the setup for further cross-section measurements.

Field of study: Physics
Poultry environment and production control and optimization : A summary of where we are and where we want to go

In this article, we discuss the problem of monitoring and control in the poultry housing environment. First, we 
give an overview of historic developments in this area and review the different control strategies which have been 
proposed in the literature. Then, we discuss reasons why it is becoming important to develop and adopt more effective 
monitoring and control techniques in the poultry industry and propose recommendations for improved control of the 
poultry housing environment.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Slow state characterization by measurements of current-voltage characteristics of MOS capacitors

Slow current transients in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors have been observed and related to slow states located in the oxide within tunneling distance of the silicon. This paper describes slow-state related current transients induced by voltage stepping as the basis of the recently developed technique for both energy-level and time-response characterization of the slow states. The voltage stepping measurements are compared to the standard linear voltage ramping technique.

Field of study: Engineering
Calcareous Nannofossil Paleoecology of the mid-Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway and Evidence of Oligotrophic Surface Waters during OAE2

Analysis of calcareous nannofossils, total organic carbon(TOC) values, and carbon isotope records from outcrop and drill cores in the central (Colorado and Kansas) and southern (Texas) Western Interior Basin (WIB) indicates predominantly oligotrophic surface water conditions during the late Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2(OAE2). High-resolution bio-chemostratigraphy of this interval allows for detailed correlation of changes in nannofossil assemblages and TOC across the WIB and aids comparison with other global records. Prior to and at the onset of OAE2, the A interval in the δ13C positive excursion identified by Pratt and Threlkeld (1984), mesotrophic to eutrophic nannofossil taxa Biscutum and Zeugrhabdotus are relatively high in abundance and foraminiferal assemblages record a high diversity “benthonic zone”. TOC sharply declines at the start of OAE2 despite evidence of high surface productivity and benthic diversity, implying that the seafloor was briefly oxygenated during a period of enhanced mixing in the expanding Western Interior Seaway. During the latter two thirds of OAE2 (intervals B and C in the excursion) TOC periodically increases, suggesting that anoxic conditions returned at the substrate, despite persistently low abundances of Biscutum and Zeugrhabdotus, implying oligotrophic surface water conditions. The divergence of these two proxies suggests a highly stratified water column in the WIB, not higher productivity, which resulted in anoxic conditions during OAE2. If productivity was not the primary cause of increased carbon burial in the WIB it is probable that increased terrestrial runoff and incursion of warm, saline Tethyan waters from the south led to salinity stratification. In the absence of mixing, warm and saline bottom waters would have been isolated from freshened Boreal currents and become stagnant, allowing for preservation of greater amounts of organic material in the substrate. Nannofossil records from Cuba, KS are an exception, and reveal relatively high productivity throughout, suggesting that occasional mixing of nutrients to the surface may have continued along the eastern margin of the central WIB.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Environmental factors influencing diatom communities in Antarctic cryoconite holes

Cryoconite holes are ice-bound habitats that can act as refuges for aquatic and terrestrial microorganisms on glacier surfaces. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, these holes are often capped by an ice lid that prevents the exchange of material and gases with the surrounding atmosphere and aquatic environment. Diatoms have been documented in cryoconite holes, and recent findings suggest that these habitats may harbour a distinctive diatom flora compared to the surrounding aquatic environments. In this study, we examined diatom community composition in cryoconite holes and environmental correlates across three glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The diatom communities were dominated by two genera, Muelleria and Diadesmis, both of which had high viability and could have been seeded from the surrounding ephemeral streams. The location of the cryoconite hole within the valley was a key determinant of community composition. A diatom species richness gradient was observed that corresponded to distance inland from the coast and co-varied with species richness in streams within the same lake basin. Cryoconite holes that were adjacent to streams with higher diversity displayed greater species richness. However, physical factors, such as the ability to withstand freeze–thaw conditions and to colonize coarse sediments, acted as additional selective filters and influenced diatom diversity, viability and community composition.

Field of study: Environmental science
A differential game theoretical analysis of mechanistic models for territoriality

In this paper, elements of differential game theory are used to analyze a spatially explicit home range model for interacting wolf packs when movement behavior is uncertain. The model consists of a system of partial differential equations whose parameters reflect the movement behavior of individuals within each pack and whose steady-state solutions describe the patterns of space-use associated to each pack. By controlling the behavioral parameters in a spatially-dynamic fashion, packs adjust their patterns of movement so as to find a Nash-optimal balance between spreading their territory and avoiding conflict with hostile neighbors. On the mathematical side, we show that solving a nonzero-sum differential game corresponds to finding a non-invasible function-valued trait. From the ecological standpoint, when movement behavior is uncertain, the resulting evolutionarily stable equilibrium gives rise to a buffer-zone, or a no-wolf’s land where deer are known to find refuge.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders: Co-occurrence and Clinical Issues

The co-occurrence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and anxiety disorders has been now well established. This association is frequent and can be explained by three models: the shared vulnerability factors model, the self-medication model, and the substance-induced model. General population epidemiological studies provide strong evidence of the frequency of the association for the most used substances: tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and to a lesser extent sedatives, opiates, and cocaine. For substances that are less commonly used in the general population, the frequency of the co-occurrence can more precisely be studied in clinical samples. We provide the most recent literature results on the association of SUDs and anxiety, and evidence for one explicative model or the other when available. For substances with sedative properties (alcohol, benzodiazepines, cannabis, opioids), both evidence for a self-medication and for a toxic effect exist. For substances with psychostimulant properties (tobacco, cocaine, and amphetamines), the literature favors the toxic hypothesis to explain the association with anxiety disorders. We give practical steps for the recognition of these dual diagnoses and present therapeutic issues, although the strategies are rarely evidence based.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Electron Capture by Protons and Deuterons

Cross section measurements are reported for electron capture into the 3s state by 20-150 keV protons and deuterons incident on molecular hydrogen and deuterium. Conventional wisdom indicates that these cross sections should be nearly identical at equivalent velocities and researchers routinely use deuteron projectiles to extend proton excitation curves downward in velocity. This practice has been questioned on theoretical grounds and some investigators have reported consistent differences in cross sections for the two isotopes, however, nearly always within the experimental uncertainty of the measurements. We have made a systematic study of the 3s electron capture cross sections described above to check for isotopic effects. These cross sections are then compared to previous measurements reported in the literature.

Field of study: Physics
Universal derived equivalences of posets of cluster tilting objects

We show that for two quivers without oriented cycles related by a BGP reflection, the posets of their cluster tilting objects are related by a simple combinatorial construction, which we call a flip-flop. 
We deduce that the posets of cluster tilting objects of derived equivalent path algebras of quivers without oriented cycles are universally derived equivalent. In particular, all Cambrian lattices corresponding to the various orientations of the same Dynkin diagram are universally derived equivalent.

Field of study: Mathematics
Capital Structure Determinant's of North American Banks and the Compensation Executive Program-An Empiric Study on the Actual Systemic Crisis

The works related to the capital structure of banks consider the requirements for minimum regulatory capital, established by the Basel agreements, as their key determinant. However, recent studies suggest that standard determinants of non-financial institutions – size, profitability, growth opportunity, tangible assets and payment of dividends, also have the power of explaining the leveraging level of banks. Thus, this work was aimed at checking whether, for those banks that hold own capital above the minimum regulatory value, the predictive capacity of standard determinants also applies to American banks that have business portfolio. As an original contribution, the work evaluated the role of the compensation program for executive managers in order to determine the capital structure of banks. The final sample was comprised by 30 banks, which observations refer to the period before (2003 to 2006) and during (2007 to 2010) the systemic crisis. The dynamic regression model with panel data confirmed the key assumption mentioned by means of the significance of the independent variables profitability and growth opportunity. At last, the variable of compensation program for executive managers has been evidenced as significant in the definition of bank leveraging, but with sign opposite to the expected one by the finance theory.

Field of study: Business
Pressure Differential Gate Valve

A 1 1/2 in isolation gate valve was designed and built to prevent vacuum vessel letup to atmosphere in the event of ion source component failure. To assure no effect on existing beam geometry, the valve thickness was held to 1 1/8 in. The valve gate consists of two disks separated by a short length of bellows. One disk, moving with the expansion and contraction of the bellows, contains the gasket in its outer face. The other disk contains a leak path from its edge to the interior of the bellows. The shaft is welded to the disk containing the leak path and exposes the leak path, through its hollow center, to the exterior of the valve housing. Evacuation of the bellows through the center of the shaft permits linear motion of the valve, by manual push or pull, to closed or open position. Letup of the bellows' interior to atmosphere holds the valve gate in the position it was placed manually.

Field of study: Physics
Application of Value of Point of Geometer's Sketchpad in Teaching Process

Discusses Geometer's Sketchpad inquiry-based learning which seeking relationship between variables of the movement process by using Value of Point of the Geometer's Sketchpad.Starting from the actual examples,experiment with Geometer's Sketchpad,analysis and validation,discover the law,making a guess,assumptions,and to further seek the development.

Field of study: Computer science
Performance Analysis of Bio inspired Particle Swarm Optimization based Routing Protocols using QoS Parameters

VANET is new technology for integrating ad hoc network WLAN and cellular technology which is abbreviated as Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. The concept of VANET is to achieve efficiency intelligent vehicle to vehicle communication, inter-vehicle communication and improve road traffic safety and efficiency. Routing protocols are classified as topology based and position based routing protocol depending on type of information used for routing. To improve the data delivery performance in large scale network we propose the combination of SIFT and DREAM. We have also analyzed the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique on SIFT & DREAM protocol so as to improve the performance of routing protocols considering different parameters. PSO is a population based optimization technique use for finding optimum solution. PSO technique is originated from social behavior bird flocking. In PSO optimum solution is obtained from the behavior of bird. Since PSO uses for network centric localization purpose, this approach generate network navigational decisions by centralized control obviating thereby reducing the congestion and delay. KeywordsVehicular ad hoc network, DSDV, Trajectory based routing, Topology based routing, position based routing, Trajectory based forwarding, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

Field of study: Engineering
Adaptive Proportional-Differential Power-Level Control for Pressurized Water Reactors

It is well known that the pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the most widely utilized nuclear fission reactor whose safe, stable and efficient operation is meaningful to the nowadays renaissance of nuclear energy industry. Power-level regulation is a significant technique for guaranteeing operational stability and efficiency of nuclear reactors. Since every nuclear reactor is a complex nonlinear system with high parameter uncertainties, it is necessary to develop the adaptive power-level control technique that strengthens closed-loop stability, guarantees load-following performance and is un-sensitive to the parameter uncertainties. In this paper, an adaptive proportional-differential (PD) control law is proposed for the power-level regulation of the PWR, which is proved theoretically to be globally asymptotically stabilizable and can be tuned online with an adaptation law. Moreover, numerical simulation results show not only the feasibility of this newly-built regulator but also the relationship between control performance and the parameter of the adaptation law.

Field of study: Physics
A field study on the effects of combined biomanipulation on the water quality of a eutrophic lake.

Lake eutrophication has become a serious environmental problem in China. Manipulations covering more elements of trophic pyramid are methods for lakes to obtain clear water state and should be studied in detail. In the present study, Meishan Dongpo Lake was divided into two parts, and a combined biomanipulation project was conducted in one part (RLake), and the other part was used as a control (CLake). Species of submerged-plant, fish, macrobenthos, and zooplankton were screened and a certain number of them were added to adjust the eco-chain in RLake. After restoration, the coverage of submerged macrophytes reached >85%; zooplankton greater than 0.6 mm in size increased in number, and the ratio of zooplankton biomass to chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration increased. The dominant fish species changed, and disturbance of the sediment was reduced. The average density of mollusks in RLake was 111.5 ± 19.8 ind m-2, which was much higher than that in CLake (36.7 ± 2.1 ind m-2). Water quality and clarity were substantially improved, and nutrient concentrations, particularly total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and Chl-a were significantly reduced. The aquatic community parameters were negatively correlated with the nutrient parameters and Chl-a. The ecological restoration have adjusted the aquatic ecosystem in RLake, and many positive feedback effects among the aquatic communities made them remove internal nutrients and Chl-a more efficiently.

Field of study: Environmental science
From Pearl Harbor to the “Asian Pivot”: Contours of us Imperialism in the Pacific

This article explores the long trajectory of United States imperial strategy in the Pacific, spanning the first conquest of Hawaii in the 1890s through the naval buildup, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the protracted war of annihilation against Japan that followed, American establishment of its postwar hegemony over Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and other parts of Asia, to the present-day “Asian Pivot” (including the Trans-Pacific Partnership) linking 12 nations in trade relations with efforts to contain the Chinese economic juggernaut. I argue that this will become a centerpiece of global politics heading into the future.

Field of study: Political science
Eneas Silvius Piccolomini.Historia Austrialis. 2 vols. Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova series 24. Ed., Martin Wagendorfer and Julia Knödler. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2009. ccvi + 987 pp. index. tbls. €115. ISBN: 978–3–7752–0224–4.


Field of study: History
ISEcp1-1ike插入序列与CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶的水平播散

20世纪90年代后，中国多个地区不断发现产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶（CTX-M-ESBL）肠杆菌科细菌的流行。近年，在4组CTX-M-ESBL（CTX-M-1、CTX-M-2、CTX-M-9和CTX-M-25）基因上游均发现存在ISEcp1-1ike插入序列，其对CTX-M-19、CTX-M-2以及氨基糖苷类耐药基因rmtC的转移能力亦得到证实。目前CTX-M-ESBL在我国临床菌株中的传播与ISEcp1-like插入序列的关系尚不清楚。本文旨在探讨ISEcp1-like序列与CTX-M-ESBL在肺炎克雷伯菌临床株中传播的关系进行研究。

Field of study: Biology