nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure activity modeling of essential oils compounds and plant secondary metabolites: a Mini review of Antimicrobial Activity

The increasing incidence of microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics has continuously become a scientific community concern. Many essential oil components and plant secondary metabolites are known to possess broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against antibiotic resistant bacteria. These compounds may be a useful source of new and novel antimicrobials. However, there is limited research on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of essential oil compounds, which is important for a target identiﬁcation and lead optimization. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR or SAR) have helped scientists to establish mathematical relationships between molecular structures and their biological activities. This study aimed to elucidate SARs of essential oil components from experimental and literature sources. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of essential oil components were collected against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and then compared to those published in literature for identify or predict the best model for describing the antibacterial activity of new biologically active agents in the plant.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Charge-Transfer Dynamics Control by Manipulating Dielectric Constants with Hyperbolic Metamaterial Structures as Solvent Analogues

Charge transfer (CT) is essential to numerous fields including biology, physics and chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that multi-layered hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) substrates alter CT dynamics. With triphenylene:perylene diimide dyad supramolecular self-assemblies, we show that both charge separation and recombination characteristic times are increased by factors of 2.5 and 1.6, respectively, resulting in longer-lived CT states. We successfully rationalise the experimental data by introducing dipole image interactions in Marcus theory to tune the driving force. The number of metal-dielectric pairs induces a non-local effect near the HMM structure formalised in the dielectric permittivity, and is presented as a solid analogue to local solvent polarizability effects. The model and PH3T:PCBM data show the phenomenon generality and that molecular and substrate engineering offer a wide range of kinetic tailoring opportunities. This work opens the path toward novel artificial substrates designed to control CT dynamics with potential applications in fields including optoelectronics and chemistry.

Field of study: Physics
A 1500-year reconstruction of annual mean temperature for temperate North America on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales

We present two reconstructions of annual average temperature over temperate North America: a tree-ring based reconstruction at decadal resolution (1200–1980 CE) and a pollen-based reconstruction at 30 year resolution that extends back to 480 CE. We maximized reconstruction length by using long but low-resolution pollen records and applied a three-tier calibration scheme for this purpose. The tree-ring-based reconstruction was calibrated against instrumental annual average temperatures on annual and decadal scale, it was then reduced to a lower resolution, and was used as a calibration target for the pollen-based reconstruction. Before the late-19th to the early-21st century, there are three prominent low-frequency periods in our extended reconstruction starting at 480 CE, notably the Dark Ages cool period (about 500–700 CE) and Little Ice Age (about 1200–1900 CE), and the warmer medieval climate anomaly (MCA; about 750–1100 CE). The 9th and the 11th century are the warmest centuries and they constitute the core of the MCA in our reconstruction, a period characterized by centennial-scale aridity in the North American West. These two warm peaks are slightly warmer than the baseline period (1904–1980), but nevertheless much cooler than temperate North American temperatures during the early-21st century.

Field of study: Environmental science
Transition from the lithospheric to asthenospheric mantle-derived magmatism in the Early Jurassic along eastern Bangong–Nujiang Suture, Tibet: Evidence for continental arc extension induced by slab rollback

Table S1: Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of the early Jurassic mafic rocks from the Kaqiong microblock; Table S2: Zircon LA-ICP-MS REE (ppm) data of the early Jurassic mafic rocks from the Kaqiong microblock; Table S3: Whole-rock major (%) and trace (ppm) element data of the early Jurassic mafic rocks from the Kaqiong microblock; Table S4: Zircon LA-MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf data of the early Jurassic mafic rocks from the Kaqiong microblock;  Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic data of the early Jurassic mafic rocks from the Kaqiong microblock.

Field of study: Geology
Oral Health among 35- to 44-Year-Old Iranians

To investigate the oral health status of 35- to 44-year-old Iranians in relation to gender, place of residence and education.  In 2002, data (n = 8,301) were collected as part of a national survey using WHO criteria for sampling and clinical diagnoses across 28 provinces by 33 calibrated examiners who performed examinations under a dental light with a WHO probe. The study sample was 8,301; male: 3,625 and female: 4,676; urban: 4,854 and rural: 3,447. Oral health status was assessed by number of decayed (DT), filled (FT) and missing (MT) teeth and by DMFT and need for periodontal treatment [community periodontal index for treatment needs (CPITN)] indices. Gender, age, place of residence and level of education served as socio-demographic information. Estimates were adjusted for the 35- to 44-year-old provincial population. ANOVA, χ2 test and logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were the methods of statistical evaluation used.  The mean number of teeth was 21.5 ± 6.2, with DMFT: 11.0 ± 6.4, DT: 2.6 ± 2.7, and FT: 1.8 ± 3.2. DT existed in 6,080 (73%) of the subjects and FT in 3,209 (41%). The mean number of FT was greater (p < 0.001) among urban residents, women and those with a higher level of education. Only 1% had a CPITN of 0; 6% exhibited bleeding, 40% had calculus, 43% shallow and 10% deep pockets. Illiterate subjects were more likely to have DT (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4–1.8) and calculus or periodontal pockets (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 5.1–7.8).  The findings indicate an impaired oral health status in Iranian adults, particularly those of low social status and educational level.

Field of study: Medicine
EMI Shielding Effectiveness of Copper/Epoxy Composites

Samples of shaped and treated copper (Cu) fibre/brittle matrix composites have been fabricated with a variety of fibre shapes, treatments, diameters, and powder inclusions and tested for shielding effectiveness (SE) using the ASTM standard D4935-99 method over the frequency range 200 to 1500 MHz. A small amount of nickel (Ni) powder was included in some specimens to evaluate the effect of magnetic permeability on SE. Most tests were conducted at constant (15 vol%, “v%”) fibre volume fraction. Results show that a smaller fibre diameter results in significant SE improvements. SE was also substantially improved by relatively minor fibre shaping (which changes along the fibre length) or by fine-scale roughening via chemical treatment. Addition of small amounts of Cu powder leads to major improvements in SE. Most of the improvements are presumably due to the establishment of conductive networks, although fibre shaping or treatment allows greater scattering and thus more internal reflections with attendant absorption. The smaller diameter fibres consistently gave better SE. When a continuous fibre mesh was used, high SE resulted, showing the dominance of fibre connectivity for such materials; the surface condition of the mesh is relatively unimportant. The improvements in SE can be achieved with essentially identical mechanical properties, leading to an effective multifunctional material, although most of the SE values achieved so far are modest. Ni powder results in overall improvement in SE as well as a cyclic dependence of SE on frequency, which indicates phase interference at a scale of particle size not previously seen.

Field of study: Materials science
単一モードによる低ノイズ青色発生LD励起Cr:LiSAF-SHGレーザ;単一モードによる低ノイズ青色発生LD励起Cr:LiSAF-SHGレーザ;Low Noise Blue Light Generation of Intracavity Frequency Doubled LD Pumped Cr:LiSAF Laser by Single Mode Method


Field of study: Computer science
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Alloy

The effecting of heat treatment on mechanical properties of TC4 alloy was studied.The results show that heat treat- ment and the resulting microstructure have a signicicent effect on mechanical properties of TC4 alloy. The α+βmicrostructure is characterized by high tensile properties and low fracture toughness, while βmicrostructure is characterized by high fracture tough- ness and fatigue property.

Field of study: Materials science
EFFECT OF OLEATES AS EMULSIFIERS ON GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF AM-AA ON STARCH IN INVERSE EMULSION

The effect of oleates as emulsifiers on graft copolymerization of starch with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) in the inverse emulsion system is studied in this paper .The effect of the kinds of emulsifiers, the proportion of mixed emulsifiers, the dosage of emulsifiers as well as the preparation methods of water-in-oil emulsion on monomer conversion, grafting ratio, and specific viscidity is discussed. The result indicates that calcium oleate or magnesium oleate as the emulsifier is better than sodium oleate or potassium oleate, and the mixture of oleic acid and its salt is better than any single compound.It is also concluded that monomer conversion reaches 99.7% and grafting ratio reaches 98.4% when m(oleic acid)/m(oleate sodium) is 60/40,m(starch)/m(monomers) is 1/1(among the monomers m(AM)/m(AA) is 4/1),v(oil phase)/v(water phase) is 1.2/1, initiator concentration is 2.4×10 -4mol·L -1,reaction temperature is 45～50℃,and reaction time is 6 hours.When mixed emulsifers concentration is 6%, the intrinsic viscidity reaches 1100ml·g -1.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Fourier wavelet series solution of partial differential equation through the separation of variables method

In the present study, a new approach such as Fourier wavelet series solution of partial differential equation through the method of separation of variables has been discussed. This approach includes the process by which the Fourier-wavelet coefficients are calculated, and how these coefficients are used in place of Fourier coefficients to attain the solution. Also, the bounds of these coefficients have been estimated. Convergence analysis and the existence of the Fourier-wavelet series are discussed here. Moreover, it is clearly shown that if the proposed series is exactly convergent, then the Fourier-wavelet and Fourier coefficients coincide. Additionally, the existence of the difference of two equivalent Fourier-wavelet series has been computed. Four illustrative examples have been included to certify the proposed method, which shows incredible performance.

Field of study: Mathematics
Improved patient survivals with colorectal cancer under multidisciplinary team care: A nationwide cohort study of 25,766 patients in Taiwan.

The evidence of improved survival in patients of colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving multidisciplinary team (MDT) care remains inconclusive.



All patients with incident CRC but no prior cancer history in 2005-2008 were included and followed till 2010. A logistic regression model was used to predict the associated factors to participate in the MDT care model. The propensity score method was included under Cox proportional hazards model to reduce potential bias and to conduct survival analyses.



In total, 25,766 patients were included; the mean follow-up period was 35.1 months. The factors associated with participating in MDT included receiving treatments at regional hospitals, at private hospitals, and stage III cancer (all p values <0.001). The favorable survival factors included participating in MDT (HR=0.91, p=0.001), age of 45-75, top-ranked income group, receiving treatments at district hospitals, or at hospitals or with doctors that had higher service volumes (all p values <0.05). Regarding individual stages, the risk of mortality was significantly lower at stage IV (HR=0.88, p=0.002).



Colorectal cancer patients with participation in MDT have a lower mortality risk; the improvements of survival exist in all colorectal cancer patients, especially in those with stage IV disease.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
[Effectiveness and safety of rufinamide at treatment of epilepsy with complications and drug-resistant epilepsy (according to meta-analysis data)].

Meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate rufinamide safety and effectiveness in numerous heterogeneous groups of patients with severe and drug resistant epileptic disorders.



There were 164 relevant articles available via medico-clinical periodic databases, but only 15 have been chosen suitable for meta-analysis. All together 1847 participants were included into common massive, with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and similar encephalopathy syndromes, and with drug-resistant partial epileptic forms. 1169 were administered rufinamide additionally to typical anti-epileptic medications (experimental group). 686 received treatment with common practice drugs without rufinamide (control group).



Patient with more than 50% seizures reduction were more numerous in rufinamide group (χ2=89.7 with р=0.000...; ОR=2.9 with 95% CI 2.3-3.7). Most frequent and statistically reliable complications of rufinamide use were headache/dizziness and nausea/vomiting. Rufinamide is safe and effective for treatment of different epilepsies including LGS and drug-resistant partial seizures. Rufinamide may be used as second-line adjuvant for routine neurologic practice.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Baroque Antiquity: Archaeological Imagination in Early Modern Europe. Victor Plahte Tschudi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. xv + 300 pp. + 8 color pls. $99.99.

scholarly attention from the church’s painted decorations to the tombs lining the floor. Expressions of the brotherhood’s ideals, the epitaphs employed a “rhetoric of humble nobility,” extolling the deceased for supposedly repudiating worldly acclaim (113). In one striking example, a “gentleman-in-waiting to Don Juan of Austria” was commemorated for choosing to be interred where “all would step on him” (109). Wunder’s culminating chapter considers the rebuilding of Seville’s oldest church: San Salvador, a converted ninth-century mosque. In contrast to Santa María la Blanca, San Salvador was reconstructed through small contributions collected over decades. Builders worked for free, and locals offered household goods such as furniture and clothing. Although the austerity of San Salvador’s exterior was a function of financial constraints, it ultimately contributed to the imposing character of the church and its surrounding plaza. While focused on Seville, this exemplary study will be of value to anyone interested in the material aspects of early modern civic culture. Wunder’s attention to craftsmanship is appropriately matched by the high production quality of the book itself, whose illustrations bring seventeenth-century Seville vividly to life.

Field of study: History
Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectonic Aspects of the Atlantic Coastal Margin

Data from the middle and northern Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States and continental slope show that the dominant filling of the Atlantic margin geosyncline occurred in pre-latest Cretaceous time with only thin additions of Cenozoic strata. The influx of significant amounts of detrital material into the offshore areas had largely ceased by latest Cretaceous time, was essentially absent in the early Cenozoic, but increased considerably in the Miocene, indicating a rejuvenation of the Appalachian source area. Basin migration continued throughout the Cenozoic, and the Miocene and Eocene strata are used to illustrate the shifting of the loci of deposition. The distributions of the strata indicate that local to regional tectonic movements are responsible. Comparison with the Gulf Coast geosyncline shows that, although features such as sedimentary thickness, evaporites, and volcanic materials are generally similar between the two margins, major differences in time of filling and regional tectonic movements exist.

Field of study: Geology
Geotechnical Analysis and Assessment of Soil Properties in Irepodun Local Government Area in Kwara State

1 COREN Regd, MNSE, MNICE, Istructe London (U.K), ICE London (U.K), Civil Engineering Department College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State. 2 Civil Engineering Department, College of Science and Engineering,Landmark University Omu-aran Kwara State AbstractThis study deals with the geotechnical analysis and assessment of soil samples within some major towns in Irepodun Local government area of Kwara State. The soil under consideration was assessed base on their properties, experimental and laboratory investigations such as particle size analysis test, Alterberg limit test, specific gravity test, and compaction test. The Recommendation and the conclusion drawn provides a final clear verdict for any construction work within the chosen areas in the Local government. Geotechnical Analysis, soil assessment properties, Irepodun local government.

Field of study: Engineering
Developing Network Domain Security (NDS) Model for IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

In this research article we discuss the protocols, architecture and propose the design of Network Domain Security (NDS) model for IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The IMS is standardized by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and 3GPP2 as next generation service delivery platform developed for IP technology on top of all access networks including mobile and fixed networks. The architecture of IMS-NDS is based on Network Domain Security/Internet Protocol (NDS/IP) which is deployed by Domain Security Gateways (SEGs). NDS/IP utilizes IP Security (IPSec) to implement security domain services. 3GPP Authentication Framework is introduced to authenticate the Security Gateways using NDS/IP that utilizes cryptographic security mechanisms and security protocols provided by the IP Security (IPSec) protocol. PKI is used to generate, manage and distribute digital certificates and keys in NDS/IP environment.

Field of study: Computer science
Rapid single flux quantum random access memory

A new design concept for the Josephson-junction random access memory (RAM) has been developed. In contrast to previous RAMs based on single flux quantization (SFQ), in our system READ and WRITE operations employ ballistic transfer of SFQ pulses along bit lines (either Josephson transmission lines, or passive superconducting microstrip lines, or their combination). The basic memory cells are the single-junction SQUIDs, connected serially by the bit lines and inductively coupled to word lines. READ and WRITE operations are performed by sending SFQ pulses in appropriate directions along bit lines, and DC currents of appropriate polarity into word lines. This approach allows design of very dense memories with n/spl les/2 Josephson junctions per bit, memory cell area smaller than 80 /spl lambda//sup 2/ (where /spl lambda/ is the minimum feature size), and the critical parameter margin well above /spl plusmn/20%. In this paper we present the general structure of the RSFQ RAM, as well as design and results of testing of the basic memory cell and decoder circuitry using Hypres' 3.5-/spl mu/m, 1-kA/cm/sup 2/ Nb-trilayer technology.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Mrs. Thatcher and Mrs. Woolf

This essay addresses the implications of Margaret Thatcher's explicit criticism of Bloomsbury in her memoir, The Path to Power. Thatcher and Woolf circulate as icons of opposing cultural politics in a struggle that has persisted from the 1920s until now. Woolf's attitudes to middlebrow culture, exemplified by the representation of London suburbs in her writings, are antagonistic to Thatcherite thinking, a worldview that holds sway not only in critical attitudes to Woolf and Bloomsbury but also in the public posture of American politicians. Woolf's attitudes to class form a resistance to such postures.

Field of study: Art
Research on unsaturated lactones. 49. Synthesis of thiazolidines that contain an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactone ring

The corresponding thiazolidines containing a lactone ring and their hydrochlorides and N-benzoyl derivatives were obtained by the reaction of 2-acetyl-3,4,4-trimethyl-2-buten-4-olide with thioglycolic or mercaptosuccinic acids and ammonium carbonate.

Field of study: Chemistry
Significance of late Precambrian turbidite sequences bordering the East Antarctic Shield

ZusammenfassungAus dem Nord-Viktoria-Land, Antarktis, wird eine spätkambrische Turbiditfolge mit ihren sedimentologischen, biologischen und tektonischen Kriterien beschrieben. Ähnliche Sequenzen, die quer durch den ganzen Kontinent im Zuge des Transantarktischen Gebirges vorkommen, werden diskutiert. Die geotektonische Bedeutung dieses Flysch-Gürtels wird analysiert in seiner Beziehung zum ostantarktischen Schild, zum Gondwana Kraton und zu einem Proto-Pazifik.AbstractA late Precambrian turbidite succession is described from North Victoria Land, Antarctica, in its sedimentological, biological and tectonic aspects. Similar sequences occurring across the whole continent along the present Transantarctic Mountains are discussed. The geotectonic significance of this flysch belt is analysed in its relation to the East Antarctic Shield, the Gondwana craton and a proto-Pacific.RésuméL'auteur décrit, avec ses critères sédimentologiques, biologiques et tectoniques, une série de turbidites du Précambrien supérieur dans le Nord de la Terre Victoria de l'Antarctique. Il discute des séries analogues se présentant dans tout le continent suivant la présente Chaîne transantarctique. Il analyse la signification géotectonique de cette ceinture de flysch dans sa relation avec le bouclier de l'Antarctique oriental, du craton du Gondwana et d'un Proto-Pacifique.Краткое содержаниеОписана свита поздни х докембрийских турб идов, залегающих на севере Земли Виктории, Антар ктида. Их присутствие установлено на основ ании седиментологич еских, тектонических и биол огических критериев, а их распространение прослеживается в раз личных частях матери ка. Анализируют геотект оническое значение этих флишев ых поясов и их связь с восточно-антарктиче ским щитом, с кратоном Гонд ваны и с предшевствен ником Великого океана.

Field of study: Environmental science
Aggregating TiO2 (B) nanowires to porous basketry-like microspheres and their photocatalytic properties

Porous basketry-like TiO 2 (B) microspheres consisting of nanowires were fabricated via hydrothermal and spray-drying process. The calcined microspheres exhibited effective photocatalytic performance on photodegradation of organic pollutant. In addition, it was very easy to recycle the TiO 2 (B) nanowire microspheres for reuse.

Field of study: Chemistry
The equity and efficiency principle in the financing system of the NHS in Portugal.

The public financing systems of primary health care services and hospital services in Portugal have traditionally been separated. In the United Kingdom where a similar separation exists, inefficient transfers of services take place from the hospital services to the primary care services. In this article a new way of financing of the NHS is proposed which will try to combine the efficiency principle existing in the financing of hospital services with an equity principle reflected in a ceiling on target expenditure for each district.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science