nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Genetic characterization analysis on epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007 to 2012].

To analyze the genetic characterization of epidemic rubella virus strains isolated in Liaoning from 2007-2012, a total of 145 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero/Slam cell line from the patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics cases in Liaoning Province from 2007 to 2012. Fragments of 945 nucleotides containing 1E gene from 145 rubella virus isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Based on the 739 nucleotides of 1E gene, the phylogenetic trees were constructed with 32 WHO rubella reference strains of 13 genotypes downloaded from GenBank and 145 rubella virus strains. The results showed that the 145 rubella virus strains in 2007 -2012 belonged to genotype 1E, nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 97.2%-100.0% and 97.6%-100.0%, respectively. Compared to the 1E reference strains(Rvi/ Dezhou.CHN/02, RVi/MYS/01), the nucleotide acids and amino acids similarities were 96.6%-99.2% and 98.2%-100.0%, respectively except for one amino acid change (Val246-Ala246) of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/13, and Asp262-Asn262 of RVi/Shenyang. Liaoning. CHN/13.11/4 and RVi/Liaoyang. Liaoning. CHN/26. 11/2. there had no change found in the important antigenic epitope sites, the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes of the other rubella viruses. All the 145 strains isolated had the same amino acid change (Leu338--Phe338) in E1 protein. These findings suggested that genotype 1E of rubella virus was the predominant genotype in Liaoning province. the rubella prevailed in recent six years was mainly caused by rubella viruses genotype 1E with multi-transmission routes.

Field of study: Biology
Resummation of in-medium ladder diagrams: s-wave effective range and p-wave interaction

A recent work on the resummation of fermionic in-medium ladder diagrams to all orders is extended by considering the effective range correction in the s-wave interaction and a (spin-independent) p-wave contact-interaction. A two-component recursion generates the in-medium T-matrix at any order when off-shell terms spoil the factorization of multi-loop diagrams. The resummation to all orders is achieved in the form of a geometrical series for the particle-particle ladders, and through an arctangent-function for the combined particle-particle and hole-hole ladders. One finds that the effective range correction changes the results in the limit of large scattering length considerably, with the effect that the Bertsch parameter ξn nearly doubles. Applications to the equation of state of neutron matter at low density are also discussed. For the p-wave contact-interaction the resummation to all orders is facilitated by decomposing tensorial loop-integrals with a transversal and a longitudinal projector. The enhanced attraction provided by the p-wave ladder series has its origin mainly in the coherent sum of Hartree and Fock contributions.

Field of study: Physics
INVERSION OF P-WAVE ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERS FROM CROSSWELL SEISMIC DATA

The Quadratic/Linear Traveltime Interpolation (QLTI) ray tracing method is adopted to get the P-wave traveltime of crosswell seismic tomography in this paper. The Niche Genetic Algorithm is applied to the inversion of vertical velocity and anisotropic parameters. The sharing function is used in the population evolutionary process to select the individuals, which can well maintain the individual variety and keep off trapping in local minima to some extent. The numerical simulation shows that the precise anisotropic parameters and high stabilization can be obtained by using this inversion method. The multi-scale inversion can improve the precision of inverted results even in short offset.

Field of study: Engineering
Effect of bivalent cations on the adenosine triphosphatase of actomyosin and its modification by tropomyosin and troponin.

1. After removal of tropomyosin and troponin from the ;natural' actomyosin complex, the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the resulting ;desensitized' actomyosin is stimulated to the same extent by various bivalent cations with an ionic radius in the range 0.65-0.99å when tested at optimum concentration of the metal ion in the presence of 2.5mm-ATP at low ionic strength and pH7.6. Under identical conditions the adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin alone is stimulated to an appreciable extent only by Ca(2+) (ionic radius 0.99å). 2. Tropomyosin narrows the range of size of the stimulatory cations by inhibiting specifically the adenosine triphosphatase activity of ;desensitized' actomyosin when stimulated by Ca(2+) or the slightly smaller Cd(2+) (ionic radius 0.97å). Tropomyosin has no effect on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of ;desensitized' actomyosin when stimulated by the smaller cations, nor on the Ca(2+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin alone. 3. The adenosine triphosphatase activity of the ;natural' actomyosin system (containing tropomyosin and troponin) stimulated by the smallest cation, Mg(2+) (ionic radius 0.65å), is low when the system is deprived of Ca(2+) but high in the presence of small amounts of Ca(2+). This sensitivity to Ca(2+) seems to be a unique feature of the Mg(2+)-stimulated system. 4. The changes in specificity of the myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in its requirement for bivalent cations caused by interaction with actin, tropomyosin and troponin primarily concern the size of the metal ions. The effects on enzymic properties of myofibrils due to tropomyosin and troponin can be demonstrated at low and at physiological ionic strength.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
The Use of Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty and Humeral Head Resurfacing: A Review of Current Concepts

Since Neer’s early work in the 1950s shoulder arthroplasty has evolved as a treatment option for various glenohumeral joint disorders. Both hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder prostheses have associated problems. This has led to further work with regards to potential resurfacing, with the aim of accurately restoring native proximal humeral anatomy while preserving bone stock for later procedures if required. Hemiarthroplasty remains a valuable treatment option in the low demand patient or in the trauma setting. Additional work is required to further define the role of humeral resurfacing, with the potential for it to become the gold standard for younger patients with isolated humeral head arthritis.

Field of study: Medicine
Ichnology of a Paleopolar, River-Dominated, Shallow Marine Deltaic Succession in the Mackellar Sea: The Mackellar Formation (Lower Permian), Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

The Lower Permian Mackellar Formation in the Beardmore Glacier Area of the Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, was deposited between 80 and 85°S paleolatitude. Previous studies suggest that Mackellar Formation strata were deposited in either a large glacial lake or inland sea. Our study identified 30 ichnogenera from Turnabout Ridge and Buckley Island of which: 1) none are exclusively freshwater forms; 2) 20 ichnogenera are found in freshwater, brackish, and marine settings; and 3) 10 ichnogenera are exclusively found in marine settings. Combining ichnologic evidence with sedimentologic observations suggests that the Mackellar Formation was deposited in a river-dominated delta in a fully marine to brackish-marine setting. Trace-fossil associations are grouped into the Arenicolites – Phycodes , Lingulichnus , Arenicolites – Planolites , Kouphichnium , Phycodes – Teichichnus–Arenicolites , and Planolites – Teichichnus – Phycodes ichnocoenoses of a mixed Skolithos–Cruziana ichnofacies. These associations are characteristic of epi- and endobenthic worms arthropods, and mollusks, with the vast majority of the traces being diminutive in diameter and length, and exhibit shallow (≤ 10 mm) penetration depths. These ichnocoenoses occur in paleoenvironments that include the prodelta, distal to proximal delta front including mouth bars, and subaqueous terminal distributary channels. The diminutive morphology, shallow penetration depth, low bed ichnodiversity, high overall ichnodiversity, and sedimentologic characteristics are indicative of benthic organisms in a marine deltaic environment with short-lived communities composed of small-bodied organisms stressed by high freshwater input and high sedimentation rates.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Simulation of Pseudorandom Sequence in Lossy Layered Media and Its Application

Presents a frequency model in lossy layered media, with the character of the pseudorandom sequence, makes a simulation which is propagated in lossy layered media with the software of MatLab, the result is inosculated with the theory of model. This simulation method provides an effective means for the application of industrial detection and exploration and so on.

Field of study: Computer science
Generalization of the Divisia Price and Quantity Indices in a Stochastic Model with Continuous Time

In this article, we present and discuss original price and quantity index formulas being a next step in Francois Divisia's index approach. We assume that prices and quantities of the given commodities are stochastic processes and we consider a continuous-time model. As a consequence, we obtain very general index formulas being random variables for any fixed time interval of observations. We present basic properties of the discussed formulas and show that, in the deterministic case, the general formulas lead to known classic Divisia indices.

Field of study: Mathematics
[Dynamics of mortality rates in different types of stroke in the territories included in the Federal program of reorganization of care for stroke patients].

To study and analyze the dynamics of one-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates in different types of stroke.



The retrospective study was based on the data of the territorial population register for 2009-2016 from seven territories of the Russian Federation in which the Federal program of reorganization of care for stroke patients came into force in 2009. The study population included men and women, aged 25 years and older, registered in the study area. A total of 29.779 stroke cases were identified. The mortality rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of stroke cases that ended fatally to the number of stroke cases per year. The dynamics of the mortality rate of the following types of stroke was analyzed: subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS).



Between 2009 and 2010, there was an increase in SAH one-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates and in ICH one-day, 7-day mortality rates. In the period from 2009 to 2010, the increased ICH 28-day mortality rates tended to increase, while the IS one-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates decreased. One-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates in SAH, ICH, IS had a declining trend from 2010 to 2016. A slight increase in SAH one-day mortality rate in 2014 and 2015 and SAH 7-day mortality rate in 2013 was observed. The same trend was noted for ICH mortality rates in 2013 and 2016 and in 2013, respectively. The IS one-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates slightly increased in 2014.



According to the territorial-population register from 2009 to 2016, a significant decrease in one-day, 7-day and 28-day mortality rates in all types of stroke in the studied territories was registered. There is no doubt that this is due to the successful implementation of the Federal program of reorganization of care for stroke patients carried out in this period in the territories included in the study.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Modeling the influence of raindrop size on the wash-off losses of copper-based fungicides sprayed on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves

Modeling the pesticide wash-off by raindrops is important for predicting pesticide losses and the subsequent transport of pesticides to soil and in soil run-off. Three foliar-applied copper-based fungicide formulations, specifically the Bordeaux mixture (BM), copper oxychloride (CO), and a mixture of copper oxychloride and propylene glycol (CO-PG), were tested on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves using a laboratory raindrop simulator. The losses in the wash-off were quantified as both copper in-solution loss and copper as particles detached by the raindrops. The efficiency of the raindrop impact on the wash-off was modeled using a stochastic model based on the pesticide release by raindrops. In addition, the influence of the raindrop size, drop falling height, and fungicide dose was analyzed using a full factorial experimental design. The average losses per dose after 14 mm of dripped water for a crop with a leaf area index equal to 1 were 0.08 kg Cu ha−1 (BM), 0.3 kg Cu ha−1 (CO) and 0.47 kg Cu ha−1 (CO-PG). The stochastic model was able to simulate the time course of the wash-off losses and to estimate the losses of both Cu in solution and as particles by the raindrop impacts. For the Cu-oxychloride fungicides, the majority of the Cu was lost as particles that detached from the potato leaves. The percentage of Cu lost increased with the decreasing raindrop size in the three fungicides for the same amount of dripped water. This result suggested that the impact energy is not a limiting factor in the particle detachment rate of high doses. The dosage of the fungicide was the most influential factor in the losses of Cu for the three formulations studied. The results allowed us to quantify the factors that should be considered when estimating the losses by the wash-off of copper-based fungicides and the inputs of copper to the soil by raindrop wash-off.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Consolidation Chemotherapy Prevents Relapse by Indirectly Regulating Bone Marrow Adipogenesis in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Chemotherapy is still the main strategy used to prevent the relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). As the most abundant stromal component in bone marrow (BM), marrow adipocytes have been previously shown to promote leukaemogenesis. The present study was designed to further validate whether marrow adipocytes exert synergistic effects on strengthening chemotherapeutic efficacy and evaluate the underlying mechanism.  A retrospective study of BM biopsies from 80 patients with AML in remission and 71 control subjects was applied to quantitatively analyse the marrow adipocyte volume. Toxicity tests were used to assess the effect of chemotherapy drugs on BM cells. The possible mechanisms by which chemotherapy regulated the reduced marrow adipocyte content were investigated using antibody neutralization experiments, with an emphasis on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15).  In our study, the marrow adipocyte content was obviously reduced in the AML- complete remission (CR) group compared with the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, patients with a reduced adipocyte content exhibited longer relapse-free survival (RFS) (P<0.001). We also confirmed that GDF15 was overexpressed in mononuclear cells (MNCs) after treatment with chemotherapy drugs and partially blocked mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adipogenesis. Intriguingly, this inhibitory effect on adipogenesis was rescued by treatment with a neutralizing anti-GDF15 antibody.  Chemotherapy indirectly inhibited adipogenesis by promoting GDF15 secretion from BM MNCs, subsequently strengthening the efficacy of consolidation chemotherapy in patients with AML during CR.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Correlation between Shapley values of rooted phylogenetic trees under the beta-splitting model

In recent years, several different versions of the Shapley value have been introduced in phylogenetics for the purpose of ranking biodiversity data in order to decide whether to preserve the data or not. Two of these Shapley values are the rooted and unrooted Shapley value which have been compared with the fair proportion index since this index is easier to compute. In particular, it was proved for the former that it is identical with the fair proportion index and numerical data was presented by several authors that the latter is strongly correlated with the fair proportion index. In this paper, we will prove a theoretical result which supports this observation. More precisely, we will prove that in random phylogenetic trees under the $$\beta $$ β -splitting model, the correlation coefficient between the unrooted Shapley value and the fair proportion index indeed tends to one for all $$\beta $$ β with $$\beta >-\,1$$ β > - 1 . We also present data which suggests that the convergence worsens as $$\beta $$ β is approaching $$-\,1$$ - 1 .

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
The confirmation of phase equilibria in the system ZrOCeO2 below 1400°C

Critical review of the phase diagrams proposed previously suggested incomplete establishment of the phase equilibria in the system ZrO2-CeO2 below 1400°C. Application of hydrothermal techniques enabled us to attain the equilibria in this system. The tetragonal SS (solid solution) was no longer stable below 1000°C, where it decomposed into the stable monoclinic SS and cubic SS. The solubility limit of the tetragonal or cubic SS was 23 wt%(18 mol%) CeO2 or 79 wt%(73mol%) CeO2, respectively at 1400°C. That of the monoclinic or cubic SS was 5 wt%(3.5 moI%) CeO2 or 96 wt%(95mol%) CeO2, respectively at 800°C. Thermochemical calculation appears to make it possible to predict true equilibria in this system.

Field of study: Materials science
Leakage losses with a rolling piston type rotary compressor. II. Leakage losses through clearances on rolling piston faces

The present Paper is concerned with a rolling piston type rotary compressor for air conditioning use. The leakage through clearances between rolling piston faces and cylinder head walls is analysed theoretically and experimentally. The leakage decreases volumetric efficiency and increases power consumption of the compressor.

Field of study: Engineering
Perception of Entrepreneurial training beyond the domain of undergraduate programme in Estate Management and Valuation

Undergraduates at the Federal Polytechnic Idah in Nigeria are trained in vocations outside their domain programmes in connection with the entrepreneurship development course as pre-requisite for their graduation. This study assessed students' perception of entrepreneurship training in vocations beyond those taught within the core estate management and valuation curriculum. Unit of analysis was the 2014/2015 HND II estate management and valuation class. Questionnaires were administered to a stratified random sample of 40 students drawn from a sample frame of 70 students. Data harnessed from administered questionnaire were analyzed using percentiles, mean score of ordinal responses, one-way ANOVA and the chi-square test of goodness of fit. A consensus among the students towards combining a vocational trade with a career in estate management and valuation was affirmed from the chi-square test of hypothesis. Contrary to generic skills like product/services marketing, self-confidence, and motivation, the study found that vocational skills tutors place little emphasis on the teaching of problem solving, and teamwork and collaboration. These vocational skills tutors were urged to accord more importance to the teaching of these generic skills in order to provide emerging entrepreneurs with value-added transferrable skills.  Entrepreneurship, Estate management and valuation, Generic skills, Undergraduate, Vocational skill

Field of study: Education
Who Gets Social Support, Who Gives It, and How It’s Related to Recipient’s Mood

We sought to identify personal characteristics associated with receiving and perceiving social support, and characteristics of support providers who give the most support and are perceived as the most available. In samples of students (n = 755) and community adults (n = 430), we found that people who were younger, female, more extraverted, more conscientious, and more open received and perceived more support. Female providers and romantic partners were associated with more support whereas coworkers were associated with less. In many cases, social support mediated associations between these characteristics and recipient mood. For instance, recipients reported they experience more positive mood and less negative mood when interacting with female providers. These associations were partly explained by increased received and perceived support from female providers. Notable differences emerged between received support and perceived support, and between the student and community samples. Implications for increasing support for poorly supported individuals are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides

Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL‐toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL‐toxin is toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL‐toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase‐like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle ...

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Age constraints on the Paleoproterozoic tectonometamorphic history of the Committee Bay region, western Churchill Province, Canada: evidence from zircon and in situ monazite SHRIMP geochronology

In situ U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of monazite from upper amphibolite-facies paragneiss of the Committee Bay supracrustal belt, central Rae domain, Canada, reveal three age populations: ca. 2350, 1850, and 1780 Ma. The ca. 1850 Ma age also corresponds to growth of low Th/U zircon as indicated by U-Pb SHRIMP analyses of zircon separates from melanosome and leucosome. The contextual advantage of the in situ monazite analysis allows evaluation of the geochronological data in terms of the regional structural and metamorphic evolution. The region is dominated by a northeast-striking S2 (±S1) fabric, axial planar to tight, northwest-vergent F2 folds. Early garnet is enveloped by this biotite-sillimanite ± cordierite S2 fabric. GarnetI hosts ca. 1850 Ma monazite inclusions (with ca. 2350 Ma cores), placing a maximum age on garnetI growth and S2 development. D2 metamorphic conditions progressed through ∼3.5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) and 600 °C to near-peak conditions of ∼5 kbar and 675 °C. A minimum age for S2 is provided by unstrained ca. 1820 Ma monzogranite that locally, and regionally, truncates S2. Dominantly ca. 1780 Ma matrix monazite is interpreted to date post-S2 garnetII and cordierite, which record ∼5 kbar and 675 °C. These data indicate that the Committee Bay region experienced penetrative D2 tectonometamorphism at ca. 1850–1820 Ma, with a subsequent static overprint. The absence of a ca. 1.85 Ga plutonic suite in the region suggests that low-pressure metamorphism was a response to thick-skinned crustal thickening initiated at ca. 1870 Ma. The new data highlight the importance of Paleoproterozoic reworking of the central Rae domain in the hinterland of the Trans-Hudson orogen.

Field of study: Environmental science