nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed subchannel assignment in a two-hop network

This paper studies distributed subchannel allocation in a two-hop network comprising multiple source nodes, one multi-channel relay node and one destination node. The underlying subchannel allocation problem in a relay network, when posed as a centralized allocation problem, is formulated as a three-dimensional assignment problem. Distributed subchannel allocation is studied using noncooperative game theory. A sequential game model is formulated where in first stage source nodes opportunistically select their transmission resources after which in second stage a channel-aware relay node assigns the resources in a way that maximizes the sum of utilities at the destination node. The subchannel allocation game is a potential game, possessing an implicit joint objective (potential) of the players. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of opportunistic channel allocation in an OFDMA system. Using the sequential scheme, noncooperative allocation in first link implies performance similar to that obtained by solving two consecutive assignment problems, first optimizing the allocation of subchannels in source-relay link and second in relay-destination link. Auction-based solutions to noncooperative subchannel allocation, both with fixed and variable transmit power, are presented to obtain approximate solutions to the underlying centralized resource optimization problems.

Field of study: Computer science
[Effects of l-stepholidine on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems].

l-Stepholidine (SPD) is one of the analogs of l-tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPB). It has been shown that SPD is a dopamine receptor antagonist. In this work, it was further demonstrated that SPD antagonized apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats and apomorphine-induced vomiting in dogs. SPD produced a transient catalepsy in mice, and it caused a marked decrement of Ach level in the caudatum. All the results support the view point that SPD is an antagonist of dopamine receptors. 
On spontaneously activity in mice, SPD exhibited a diphasic action on amphetamine-effect. Following a brief antagonism, the potential effect of SPD on amphetamine was observed. 
In the anesthetized dogs given SPD 40 mg/kg, a decrement of arterial blood pressure by 63% within 10 min and a marked reduction of total peripheral resistance were observed stimutaneously, but without any adverse effect on heart.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Integration of GOCI and AHI Yonsei Aerosol Optical Depth Products During the 2016 KORUS-AQ and 2018 EMeRGe Campaigns

This subject is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as "Public Technology Program based on Environmental Policy (2017000160001)". This work was also supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-2020-01-02-007). This research was also supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT), the Ministry of Environment(ME), and the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) (NRF-2017M3D8A1092022). We thank all members of the KORUS-AQ science team for their contributions to the field study and the data processing 
(doi:10.5067/Suborbital/KORUSAQ/DATA01).

Field of study: Environmental science
Context design and critical language/media awareness: Implications for a social digital literacies education

Our starting point is the growing concern around the role of Facebook in spreading (dis)information and polarising political opinion, and subsequent debates around the need for enhanced critical digital literacies. The article reports on a study which drew on elicited data from Facebook users to explore their critical awareness of the communicative norms and social networks shaping their use of the site. Our analysis makes two key contributions. Firstly, we theorise the connection between our interviewees’ online practices and their critical language/media awareness through the concept of context design, which explains the dynamic ways in which people frame their interactions, based on unfolding understandings of the social space. Secondly, in tackling issues around disinformation and political polarisation, we highlight the need for critical digital literacies programmes at higher education institutes, which typically focus on information literacies, to take account of the social or interpersonal nature of much contemporary internet use.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Human-power capital and the employment of graduates correlation——Based on 2003,2004 graduates' investigated research

Human-power capital is very important to promote graduates employment. Investigated research show that graduates' human-power capital of all aspects have different effect in the position acquirement opportunity and the quality of the position acquirement. Appearance and specialty only have outstanding effect on acquiring the position opportunities, and work experience and work capacity have outstanding effect on both the position acquirement opportunity and the quality. Therefore, colleges and universities, only by enlarging specialty scope to cultivate comprehensive talent, only by actively developing economy to enhance the capacity of accepting graduates and strengthening the construction of labor market, could they promote to solve the question of the employment of graduates effectively.

Field of study: Education
Natural (13) C distribution in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and consequences for allocation pattern.

Oil palm has now become one of the most important crops, palm oil representing nearly 25% of global plant oil consumption. Many studies have thus addressed oil palm ecophysiology and photosynthesis-based models of carbon allocation have been used. However, there is a lack of experimental data on carbon fixation and redistribution within palm trees, and important C-sinks have not been fully characterized yet. Here, we carried out extensive measurement of natural (13) C-abundance (δ(13) C) in oil palm tissues, including fruits at different maturation stages. We find a (13) C-enrichment in heterotrophic organs compared to mature leaves, with roots being the most (13) C-enriched. The δ(13) C in fruits decreased during maturation, reflecting the accumulation in (13) C-depleted lipids. We further used observed δ(13) C values to compute plausible carbon fluxes using a steady-state model of (13) C-distribution including metabolic isotope effects ((12) v/(13) v). The results suggest that fruits represent a major respiratory loss (≈39% of total tree respiration) and that sink organs such as fruits are fed by sucrose from leaves. That is, glucose appears to be a quantitatively important compound in palm tissues, but computations indicate that it is involved in dynamic starch metabolism rather that C-exchange between organs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effect of mechanical loading on the I/sub c/ degradation behavior of Bi-2223 tapes

During the winding process of HTS coils the tapes of Bi-2223 are subjected to the influence of bending strain, axial strain, compressive force and torsional deformation resulting in I/sub c/ degradation. In the literature the effects of the individual strain components are separately analyzed in spite of during coil winding and energizing the strain-stress effects are combined. In this work using commercial tapes of Bi-2223 Ag/AgMg with and without stainless steel reinforcement several samples were wound on cylindrical FRP G-10 holder in which different combined strains are applied. Measurements of I-V characteristic curves are done to determine the degree of critical current degradation and the operational limits. The results are compared with the I/sub c/ values of short samples and other specimens subjected to deformation generated by loading types such as tensile and bending strain.

Field of study: Physics
Comparative Study of Rosuvastatin as Monotherapy Versus Rosuvastatin with Ramipril in Dyslipidemia and Their Effects on Atherosclerosis

To evaluate the effect of Rosuvastatin as monotherapy versus combination therapy of Rosuvastatin with Ramipril on the Intimo-Media Thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries in patients of dyslipidemia.  Statins have shown to improve the lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. These have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. The statins may have also antiatherosclerotic action. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown to prevent the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. This antiatherosclerotic effects of ACE inhibitors is due to their multitask actions viz. ACE inhibition, antiproliferative action as well as inhibitory to the smooth muscle cell accumulation at the site of atherosclerotic lesion.  88 patients of newly diagnosed dyslipidemia, aged 30-70 years, were randomized into two groups. Group I, was allocated Rosuvastatin (as monotherapy) and Group II, Rosuvastatin with Ramipril (Combination therapy). Patients were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks for carotid arteries for IMT and plaque size by B-mode ultrasound, and other parameters were also assessed.  In group I and group II, mean percentage change in TC, LDL, TG and HDL was highly significant (p 0.05) versus -0.0704% (p>0.05) and +0.006% (p>0.05) versus -4.554% (p>0.05) respectively in group I and group II at 12 weeks while these changes were statistically insignificant between both the groups. Mean IMT and Plaque size reduction were more in group II.  Both the therapies effectively improved the lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. But combination therapy of Rosuvastatin with Ramipril reduces IMT and plaque size more than the rosuvastatin monotherapy. This shows that antiatherosclerotic action of combination therapy occurs due to its action on different risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Field of study: Medicine
Study of non-contact nano-probing technique using FIB

As the LSI feature is miniaturized, the evaluation of the fault transistor characteristic within an integrated circuit becomes a critical factor in the failure analysis. In this paper, the possibility of the probing technique using the charged-particle beam as a probe which had a smaller diameter than that of mechanical probe used in a conventional technique was examined. Focused ion beam (FIB) was used as a probing beam. The measurements of the transistor characteristics were tried by injecting the charge of FIB into the drain electrode of the transistor. And it was demonstrated that the application of the new probing technique to the measurement of the transistor characteristic was very useful.

Field of study: Engineering
Stimulation of Superconductivity in Submolecular Structures With Weakly Coupled Superconducting Layers

Electromagnetic and superconducting properties are considered in superconducting layers separated by interlayer with the thickness of the oxide layer 10-20 A (the so-called multilayer lattices of (S-D-S) n-type). In particular, the phenomenon of stimulation of superconductivity is expounded and specific dependence on the number of oxide evaporated layers and their thickness is obtained. The Josephson array defectivity is considered with the frustration parameter. The number of states in these models shows a wide variety of critical behavior as a function of the frustration f(0 <; f <; 1). The characteristics defined densities of electronic states of superconducting and normal-metal layers in S/N superlattice are presented. It is clear that even with the constant interaction conservation between the nearest layers, which in the same for all the layers, the frustration introduction over the layers result in a hysteresis in T_c (n), i.e., in the irreversibility phenomena so characteristic of high-temperature superconductors. The connection of this result with tunneling spectra of high-Tc superconductors such as Yba_2Cu_3O_(7-d), (YBCO) thin films deposited on LaAlO_3 substrates is observed.

Field of study: Physics
Application of SWAT and APEX Using the SWAPP (SWAT-APEX) Program for the Upper North Bosque River Watershed in Texas

Environmental models are used to assess and evaluate various best management practices (BMPs) at field (e.g., Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender, APEX) and watershed (e.g., Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) levels. However, models such as SWAT and APEX are only capable of simulating, mechanistically, a limited number of BMP scenarios individually. Therefore, this study was conducted to: (1) develop an automated program referred to as SWAPP to convert SWAT files to and from APEX format and simulate SWAT and APEX simultaneously, and (2) to evaluate this program using measured data from the upper North Bosque River watershed in central Texas. In this study, SWAT (version 2000) and APEX (version 2110) were utilized within SWAPP. Simulations from SWAT alone (SWAT-A) and the combined SWAT and APEX models in SWAPP were compared with the historical measured data collected in the upper North Bosque River (UNBR) watershed. In the first phase of this study, SWAT-A was applied to simulate all land uses in the UNBR watershed. In the second phase, stream flow and losses of sediment and nutrients from all crop and pasture lands within the UNBR watershed were simulated by APEX. The results obtained from APEX, and remaining land uses in the UNBR watershed (e.g., urban) simulated by SWAT, were then routed to the outlet of the watershed using the SWAT routing function. The measured flow, sediment, and nutrients at three sites within the UNBR watershed were simulated by SWAT-A and the combined SWAT and APEX within SWAPP for the period of January 1994 through July 1999. The results obtained from the three sites within the UNBR watershed indicate that the pattern (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies, E) and average monthly values of flow and loadings predicted by the combined SWAT and APEX within SWAPP were similar, and in some cases (mainly for sediment and nutrients loadings) closer to the measured values, as compared to SWAT-A. For instance, the E values for flow obtained from SWAPP ranged from 0.65 to 0.74, while those from SWAT-A ranged from 0.55 to 0.75. The E value for sediment loading at three sampling sites ranged from 0.55 to 0.74 for SWAPP, as compared to 0.41 to 0.72 for SWAT-A, and the E values for nutrient loadings ranged from -0.04 to 0.88 for SWAPP, compared to -0.74 to 0.82 for SWAT-A. The results obtained from this study indicated that the SWAPP program not only improved the modeling results, but also provides an opportunity to utilize APEX within the SWAPP program for simulating management practices, such as multicropping or filter strips, at the field level, whereas SWAT alone currently has limited capability to simulate these practices. In addition, SWAPP can be used to rapidly convert SWAT data files, generated from Geographical Information System (GIS) layers, to APEX data file format.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Current Situation,Problem and Countermeasures of Jinzhai Tea

The article analyses industrialization current situation in systematic way,putteg fonoard the follouiong: Produang industrialization should make market as the leadong,benefit as the mainly,finacial revenue and peasants' wealth as the aim,auordong to the progress of the scienee and teehnology, derelopong in producing area, famous brands ,and deeply process.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Alpha-Tocopherol Reduces Brain Edema and Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

This study was conducted to examine the neuroprotective effects of α-tocopherol against edema formation and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.  Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 major groups (n = 32 in each), namely the sham, and control and α-tocopherol-treated (30 mg/kg) ischemic groups. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (90 min) was induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. At the end of the 24-hour reperfusion period, the animals were randomly selected and used for 4 investigations (n = 8) in each of the 3 main groups: (a) assessment of neurological score and measurement of infarct size, (b) detection of brain edema formation by the wet/dry method, (c) evaluation of BBB permeability using the Evans blue (EB) extravasation technique, and (d) assessment of the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography methods.  Induction of cerebral ischemia in the control group produced extensive brain edema (brain water content 83.8 ± 0.11%) and EB leakage into brain parenchyma (14.58 ± 1.29 µg/g) in conjunction with reduced GSH and elevated MDA levels (5.86 ± 0.31 mmol/mg and 63.57 ± 5.42 nmol/mg, respectively). Treatment with α-tocopherol significantly lowered brain edema formation and reduced EB leakage compared with the control group (p < 0.001, 80.1 ± 0.32% and 6.66 ± 0.87 µg/g, respectively). Meanwhile, treatment with α-tocopherol retained tissue GSH levels and led to a lower MDA level (p < 0.01, 10.17 ± 0.83 mmol/mg, and p < 0.001, 26.84 ± 4.79 nmol/mg, respectively).  Treatment with α-tocopherol reduced ischemic edema formation and produced protective effects on BBB function following ischemic stroke occurrence. This effect could be through increasing antioxidant activity.

Field of study: Medicine
Distributions of positive signals in pyrosequencing

Pyrosequencing is one of the important next-generation sequencing technologies. We derive the distribution of the number of positive signals in pyrograms of this sequencing technology as a function of flow cycle numbers and nucleotide probabilities of the target sequences. As for the distribution of sequence length, we also derive the distribution of positive signals for the fixed flow cycle model. Explicit formulas are derived for the mean and variance of the distributions. A simple result for the mean of the distribution is that the mean number of positive signals in a pyrogram is approximately twice the number of flow cycles, regardless of nucleotide probabilities. The statistical distributions will be useful for instrument and software development for pyrosequencing and other related platforms.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Improved Matrix Fraction Approximation of Aerodynamic Transfer Matrices

Linearized aeroelastic stability and response analyses in the state domain may require the identification of an asymptotically stable finite-state aerodynamic subsystem from available aerodynamic transfer matrices, related to structural motions and gusts. To such an aim, the paper develops an improved rational matrix approximation, combining three nonlinear least squares identification techniques with a system reduction based on a double dynamic residualization. An alternative gust formulation is also presented that, by reconstructing generalized gust forces through the use of special structural motion-like modes called gust modes, makes it possible to determine a gust response even without the usual gust-penetration model in the frequency domain. Examples are presented to demonstrate the behavior of the proposed approaches applied to sample flutter and gust/turbulence response analyses.

Field of study: Physics
A division problem in the space of entire functions of exponential type

The surjectivity of convolution operators and in particular of linear partial differential operators with constant coefficients is often equivalent to a problem of division in an appropriate space of entire functions of exponential type. In this frame Malgrange citel3 proved that for each convex domain G in R N each partial differential operator on E(G) and each convolution operator on A(C N) is surjectire. Ehrenpreis [4] characterized the surjective convolution operators on E(R N) by means of lower bounds of its symbol. HSrmander [7] extended this result to convolution operators ~(G2)----~(G1) where G~, i--1, 2 are convex domains in R N. Martineau  extended Malgrange's result proving that for each convex domain G in C N each partial differential operator of infinite order on A(G) is surjective. After these early papers, in the sequel several authors extended Ehrenpreis' result to convolution operators on spaces of ultradifferentiable functions $~(RN), Chou [2], Cioranescu , Meise, Taylor, Vogt , and Momm [18]. Others considered convolution operators A(G2)----~A(G1) for convex domains Gi, i=1, 2 in C N, KorobeYnik [9], Epifanov [5], , Tka~enko [29], [30], Napalkov [23], [24], Meril, Struppa [16], Morzhakov [21], [22], Sigurdsson [28], and recently Krivosheev [11] with the complete solution of this problem. There are many further results on this subject which cannot be mentioned here.

Field of study: Mathematics
Isotopic Ratio, Isotonic Ratio, Isobaric Ratio and Shannon Information Uncertainty

The isoscaling and the isobaric yield ratio difference(IBD) probes, both of which are constructed by yield ratio of fragment, provide cancelation of parameters. The information entropy theory is introduced to explain the physical meaning of the isoscaling and IBD probes. The similarity between the isoscaling and IBD results is found, i.e.,the information uncertainty determined by the IBD method equals to β- α determined by the isoscaling(α(β) is the parameter fitted from the isotopic(isotonic) yield ratio).

Field of study: Physics
On Double Shehu Transform and Its Properties with Applications

In the current paper, we have generalized the concept of one dimensional Shehu transform into two dimensional Shehu transform namely, double Shehu transform (DHT). Further, we have established some main properties and theorems related to the (DHT). To show the efficiency, high accuracy and applicability of the proposed transform, we have implemented the new transform to solve integral equations and partial differential equations.

Field of study: Mathematics
De blinde vlek in praktijk en discussie rond orgaandonatie

Transplantatie en donatie van organen en weefsels kunnen vandaag (zeker in Bel‐ gië en Nederland) rekenen op een brede maatschappelijke  Over de jaren is de vraag naar transplantatie van organen almaar stijgende en de tekorten raken niet weggewerkt, zelfs niet in een land als België, nochtans een van de kop‐ lopers in Europa in orgaandonatie en transplantatie. Op diverse manieren pro‐ beerde en probeert de medische wereld dan ook de beschikbaarheid van organen te verhogen. Afgezien van levende orgaandonatie, vooral tussen familieleden of bekenden, is er uiteraard de postmortale orgaandonatie. Het verhogen van post‐ mortale orgaandonatie gebeurde en gebeurt onder meer via allerlei nieuwe juridi‐ sche regelingen, bijvoorbeeld via nieuwe definities van de dood (zoals de hersen‐ dood), of via omschakeling van een ‘opting in’systeem naar een ‘opting out’sys‐ teem (dit laatste systeem fungeert in België al sinds 1986).2 Of de almaar stij‐ gende vraag tot een blijvend tekort aan organen nen zijn, maar was er toen ik het raadpleegdezal leiden, hangt zeker ten dele af van andere dan louter juridische maatregelen, zoals demografische ontwikkelingen, betere preventie van bepaalde ongevallen en betere behandeling van trauma’s, of nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de

Field of study: Philosophy