nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-model Combination Housing Price Forecasting Based on Web Search Data

In the background of large data, taking the housing price in Xi'an as an example, this paper extracts the relevant search words data from Baidu Index and builds the neural network, support vector machine and random forests model, according to the purchase information inquired by the consumers in Baidu. The gradient boosting decision tree model is established by forecast results of the three single model to achieve a combination of housing prices forecast to determine the final residential sales price index forecast. The result shows that the fitting degree of the combined model is 0.995, and the prediction accuracy is 10.4% higher than the optimal single forecasting model. This method can calculate the new commodity housing price index two weeks in advance than the National Bureau of Statistics. In future studies, this approach will be applied to many types of market forecasts to help companies and consumers make the best decisions.

Field of study: Engineering
Effects of lesions of the ventral ventral median preoptic nucleus or subfornical organ on drinking and salt appetite after deoxycorticosterone acetate or yohimbine.

Lesions of the ventral ventral median preoptic nucleus (VVMnPO) enhanced daily salt appetite induced by subcutaneous (sc) injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) but did not affect acute salt appetite or water intake after sc injections of 5 mg/kg of the alpha-2-adrenoreceptor blocker yohimbine. Lesions of the subfornical organ (SFO) or its rostral fiber pathways had no effect on fluid intakes during DOCA treatments but significantly reduced water intake after yohimbine. These findings extend those of a previous report (Fitts, Tjepkes, & Bright, 1990) of enhanced DOCA-induced saline intake in VVMnPO-lesioned rats and demonstrate that the effect is specific to lesions of the VVMnPO. The mechanism of the thirst and salt intake elicited by yohimbine is still unclear, but the SFO and its fiber pathways appear to be important for the expression of the water drinking component. Neither lesion reliably affected yohimbine-induced salt appetite.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Immunosuppression induced by talc granulomatosis in the rat.

Granulomatosis caused by four subcutaneous talc powder-suspension injections induced strong immunosuppression in rats. The disturbance included reduction of mononuclear white blood cell count in the peripheral blood, atrophy of the thymic cortex, spleen enlargement with predominance of red over the white pulp, increase in the number of lymph node germinal centres and a significant delay of the first-set and second-set allograft rejection. Neither phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial system nor erythrocyte count and humoral immune response were found to be altered. Indomethacin suppression of prostaglandin production did not normalize the allograft rejection dynamics. In contrast, splenectomy completely abolished the immunosuppressive effects of granulomatosis. In splenectomized, talc-treated animals WBC counts were not altered and the rejection of allografts was not delayed. Suppression of immune response to alloantigens was transferred to normal and splenectomized recipients by both serum and spleen cells of talc-injected animals. Also, in a cell mixture-transfer experiment, spleen cells from talc-granulomatosis-bearing donors suppressed the immune response induced by lymph node cells from immune donors in T cell-deficient rats. The inability of serum from splenectomized talc-injected rats to transfer the suppression suggested the crucial role of the spleen in the mechanisms leading to suppression in rats bearing talc-granulomatosis.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Simple method for determination of stimulated emission cross section of 2P1/2(F=3)→2P3/2(F'=4) transition in atomic iodine

It is shown that the stimulated emission cross section σ3—4 of the 2P1/2(F=3)→2P3/2(F'=4) transition in iodine can be determined without allowance of the influence of chemical reactions on the population inversion and mixing of sublevels with the ground 2P3/2 and excited 2P1/2 states of iodine. A report is given of measurements of the σ3—4 cross section as a function of the pressure of CF3I, n-C3F7I, and i-C3F7I vapors and of He, Ne, Ar, and Xe inert gases. The collisional (impact) widths of the transition profile and of the coefficients of collisional broadening by these gases are obtained. A comparison is made with the theory and with the results of published investigations.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Zirconium tricarboxybutylphosphonate/sulfonated poly(pathalazinone ether ketone)composite proton exchange membrane for DMFC

In order to improve the property of sulfonated poly(pathalazinone ether ketone)(SPPEK)membrane of high sulfonation degree,proton conductor zirconium tricarboxybutylphosphonate[Zr(PBTC)]was used and incorporated into SPPEK to prepare Zr(PBTC)/SPPEK composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).The results showed that the additive could reduce the water swelling and methanol permeability of membranes efficiently without sacrificing its conductivity.DMFC single cell performance demonstrated that the 30%(mass)Zr(PBTC)/SPPEK composite membrane was better than the pristine SPPEK membrane for its reduced swelling and consequently improved dimensional stability.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Note on Continuous Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Stochastic Processes

We propose a general form to analyze the space-time interdependency of continuous space-time stochastic processes. We present a new space-time approach based on the intensity function of the underlying point process. These formulations can be, to some extent, analytically solved to obtain explicit formulae of interest. We define a general function that controls the space-time interaction and allows for closed forms depending on the particular choice of several mathematical tools playing a role in this interaction function. In particular, we make use of copulas and Laplace transforms to provide interesting examples of the dynamics of the random intensity function and, in turn, of the number of points contained in a given region.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Design and Research of Cluster Router Based on ForCES Protocol

Cluster router is the trend of router development in the future, it enables every router in cluster to cooperate with each other very well. Besides, it  greatly expands the capacity of router, and makes the network topology and routing strategies become simple and clear. This paper proposed a architecture based on Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) cluster, including control module and forwarding module, they are composed of a large number of PCs. The architecture solved the problem of the dynamic service deployment of Logical Function Block (LFB) model and so on, which is an evidence of improving the performance of the existing router by achieving the forwarding model.

Field of study: Computer science
Diffraction halo function of partially coherent speckle photography.

We studied the diffraction halo function of partially coherent speckle photography, using the theory of partial coherence of light and speckle statistics. Numerical calculations were made on the basis of the derived expression. It was shown that the anisotropic coherence of the illumination induced by the source could lead to the inhomogeneity of the halo distribution. An experiment was performed to prove the theoretical predictions.

Field of study: Physics
Development of Learning Devices Based on Model Eliciting Activities to Improve Students Problem Solving Ability and Mathematical Disposition

This study aims to: 1) To analyze the improvement of problem solving abilities and mathematical disposition of students who learn to use learning devices developed with eliciting activities models 2) To analyze the validity of learning devices developed with eliciting activities models 3) To analyze the practicality of learning devices developed with the modeleliciting activities 4) students to analyze the effectiveness of learning devicesdeveloped with the modeleliciting activities. The subjects in this study were class X students of SMK Negeri 2 Medan in the academic year 2019/2020 with a total of 30 students. The results showed that: 1. Increased students 'mathematical problem solving abilities can be seen from the calculation of N-Gain tests of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the first try was 0.220 increased to 0.488 in the second tryout and increased to 0.546 at disseminated stage. 2. Improvement of students' mathematical disposition can be seen in each of the indicators of mathematical disposition, namely: indicator 1 (confident in using mathematics) the average score in the first try was 76.81 increased to 81.11 in the second try and disseminated stage increased to 90.28, indicator 2 (flexible in mathematics) the average score in trial I was 74.31 increased to 80.69 in trial II and tdisseminated stage increased to 87.64, indicator 3 (persistent and resilient in doing mathematical tasks) the average score on the first try was 76.50 increased to 80.50 in the second trial and disseminated stage increased to 83.00, indicator 4 (have a curiosity in mathematics) on average score in trial I was 81.11 increased to 82.50 in trial II and disseminated stage increased to 83.33, indicator 5 (reflecting on the way of thinking) the average score in trial I was 73.75 increased to 74.17 pad a trial II and  disseminated stage increased to 85.21, indicator 6 (appreciate the application of mathematics) the average score in trial I was 73.33 increased to 90.63 in trial II and disseminated stage increased to 94.17, indicator 7 (appreciating the role of mathematics / opinions about mathematics) the average score in trial I was 81.62 increased to 85.42 in trial II and the disseminated stage increased to 91.25.  develoment of learning devices, Dick & Carry models, model eliciting activities (MEAs), mathematical problem solving abilitiy, mathematical disposition.

Field of study: Education
Systematic study of proton capture rates for Mo and Cd isotopes

Proton capture reactions play a very important role in the understanding of nucleosynthesis. In the present work, p-capture reactions have been studied coherently with nuclear structure for the nuclei under consideration. We have calculated proton capture cross sections and S-factor for relevant isotopes of molybdenum and cadmium in the energy range 2.0 to 4.5 Mev. Calculated results for nuclear structure as well reaction rates are compared with the available experimental and theoretical results and are found to be in good agreement.

Field of study: Physics
Octet-baryon form factors in the diquark model

We present an alternative parameterization of the quark-diquark model of baryons which particularly takes care of the most recent proton electric form-factor data from the E136 experiment at SLAC. In addition to electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, for which good agreement with data is achieved, we discuss the weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon as well as electromagnetic form factors ofΛ andΣ hyperons. Technical advance in calculating the pertinent analytic expressions within perturbative quantum chromodynamics is gained by formulating the wave function of the quark-diquark system in a covariant way. Finally, we also comment on the influence of Sudakov corrections within the scope of the diquark model.

Field of study: Physics
NODE-BASED ICM METHOD WITH INDEPENDENT SPATIAL INTERPOLATION

To resolve the numerical instabilities in continuum topology optimization,nodal topological variables are adopted to describe the existence or null of elements combined with independent continuous mapping method.Young's module and volume of the element are calculated by independent topological variable fields.Based on the lower order element shape function and the interpolation function based on filtering scheme,various kinds of ICM methods with different spatial field of topological variable are derived.Several two-dimensional linear elastic topology optimization problems are solved.The results demonstrate that no checkerboard patterns and mesh-dependent phenomena are obtained with the mixed spatial interpolation scheme.

Field of study: Engineering
Eddy-covariance flux measurements with a weight-shift microlight aircraft

The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and quality of eddy-covariance flux measurements from a weight-shift microlight aircraft (WSMA). Firstly, we investigate the precision of the wind measurement (σu,v ≤ 0.09 m s−1, σw = 0.04 m s−1), the lynchpin of flux calculations from aircraft. From here, the smallest resolvable changes in friction velocity (0.02 m s−1), and sensible- (5 W m−2) and latent (3 W m−2) heat flux are estimated. Secondly, a seven-day flight campaign was performed near Lindenberg (Germany). Here we compare measurements of wind, temperature, humidity and respective fluxes between a tall tower and the WSMA. The maximum likelihood functional relationship (MLFR) between tower and WSMA measurements considers the random error in the data, and shows very good agreement of the scalar averages. The MLFRs for standard deviations (SDs, 2–34%) and fluxes (17–21%) indicate higher estimates of the airborne measurements compared to the tower. Considering the 99.5% confidence intervals, the observed differences are not significant, with exception of the temperature SD. The comparison with a large-aperture scintillometer reveals lower sensible heat flux estimates at both tower (−40 to −25%) and WSMA (−25–0%). We relate the observed differences to (i) inconsistencies in the temperature and wind measurement at the tower and (ii) the measurement platforms' differing abilities to capture contributions from non-propagating eddies. These findings encourage the use of WSMA as a low cost and highly versatile flux measurement platform.

Field of study: Environmental science
Occluded Fronts and the Occlusion Process: A Fresh Look at Conventional Wisdom

Traditionally, the formation of an occluded front during the occlusion process in extratropical cyclones has been viewed as the catch-up of a faster-moving cold front to a slower-moving warm front separating the warm-sector air from the low center, as first described in the Norwegian cyclone model over 90 yr ago. In this article, the conventional wisdom, or the commonly held beliefs originating from the Norwegian cyclone model, about occluded fronts and the occlusion process are critically examined. The following four tenets of this conventional wisdom are addressed. First, the occlusion process is better described not by catch-up, but by the wrapping up and lengthening of the warm-air tongue as a result of deformation and rotation around the low center. Second, the merger of the cold front and warm front does not result in the frontal zone with the warmer air ascending over the other frontal zone. Instead, the occluded frontal zone tilts over the more statically stable frontal zone. Because a warmfrontal...

Field of study: Environmental science
Fixed-interval matching-to-sample: intermatching time and intermatching error runs.

Four pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample task in which reinforcers followed either the first matching response (fixed interval) or the fifth matching response (tandem fixed-interval fixed-ratio) that occurred 80 seconds or longer after the last reinforcement. Relative frequency distributions of the matching-to-sample responses that concluded intermatching times and runs of mismatches (intermatching error runs) were computed for the final matching responses directly followed by grain access and also for the three matching responses immediately preceding the final match. Comparison of these two distributions showed that the fixed-interval schedule arranged for the preferential reinforcement of matches concluding relatively extended intermatching times and runs of mismatches. Differences in matching accuracy and rate during the fixed interval, compared to the tandem fixed-interval fixed-ratio, suggested that reinforcers following matches concluding various intermatching times and runs of mismatches influenced the rate and accuracy of the last few matches before grain access, but did not control rate and accuracy throughout the entire fixed-interval period.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Spreading speeds and traveling waves in competitive recursion systems

This paper is concerned with the spreading speeds and traveling wave solutions of discrete time recursion systems, which describe the spatial propagation mode of two competitive invaders. We first establish the existence of traveling wave solutions when the wave speed is larger than a given threshold. Furthermore, we prove that the threshold is the spreading speed of one species while the spreading speed of the other species is distinctly slower compared to the case when the interspecific competition disappears. Our results also show that the interspecific competition does affect the spread of both species so that the eventual population densities at the coexistence domain are lower than the case when the competition vanishes.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Densities, molar volumes, and surface tensions of Na-K-Cs ternary alloys along the two sections containing the eutectic alloy

The densities, molar volumes, and surface tensions of 21 ternary alloys of the Na-K-Cs system have been determined in the temperature range 293–453 K for the two sections directed to the Cs and K vertices and containing the eutectic alloy. The polytherms of these parameters for the Na0.129K0.435Cs0.436 eutectic alloy in the temperature range 200–460 K are described by linear equations and their values at 373 K are determined to be 1406 kg m−3, 54.62 × 10−6 m3 mol−1, and 77.0 mN m−1, respectively. The isotherms of molar volumes of the ternary alloys in both sections obey the additivity rule; in the low-concentration range, cesium exhibits high surface activity.

Field of study: Physics
Cold gas properties of the Herschel Reference Survey - I. 12CO(1–0) and HI data

We present new 12CO(1-0) observations of 59 late-type galaxies belonging to the Herschel Reference Survey (HRS), a complete K-band-selected, volume-limited (15 <D< 25 Mpc) sample of nearby galaxies spanning a wide range in morphological type and luminosity. We studied different recipes to correct single-beam observations of nearby galaxies of different sizes and inclinations for aperture effects. This was done by comparing single-beam and multiple-beam observations along the major axis, which were corrected for aperture effects using different empirical or analytical prescriptions, to integrated maps of several nearby galaxies, including edge-on systems observed by different surveys. The resulting recipe is an analytical function determined by assuming that late-type galaxies are 3D exponentially declining discs with a characteristic scale length r_CO} = 0.2 r_24.5, where r_24.5 is the optical, g- (or B-) band isophotal radius at the 24.5 mag arcsec^-2 (25 mag arcsec^-2), as well as a scale height z_CO = 1/100 r_24.5. Our new CO data are then combined with those available in the literature to produce the most updated catalogue of CO observations for the HRS, now including 225 out of the 322 galaxies of the complete sample. The 3D exponential disc integration is applied to all the galaxies of the sample to measure their total CO fluxes, which are later transformed into molecular gas masses using a constant and a luminosity-dependent X_CO conversion factor. We also collect HI data for 315 HRS galaxies from the literature and present it in a homogenised form.

Field of study: Physics
Optimization of submerged arc welding process variables

Submerged arc welding is widely used for welding thicker plates due to its various advantages and hence its bead strength should be high.This review paper presents various works done in optimizing welding process parameters which directly affect weld bead strength. This paper also reviews the effect of process variables,multi-wire & flux on beadÂÂwidth quality, minimization of residual stresses.

Field of study: Materials science
Woody Plant Species Richness in the Turvo State Park, a Large Remnant of Deciduous Atlantic Forest, Brazil

This paper presents a quantitative inventory of woody plants with DBH ≥ 5 cm in Turvo State park, a large remnant (17,500 ha) of seasonal deciduous Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil. The forest inventory was based on 141 sampling points (point centered quarter method). Seventy-eight species from 37 families were recorded, the density was 879 plants ha−1 and the basal area 25.12 m2 ha−1. Timber species of commercial value made up 35% of the species and 72% of the basal area. The ten most abundant species made up 52% of the species, and the ten species with highest basal area accounted for 48% of the total basal area and 12% of the species. Zoochory was the dominant mode of seed dispersal, representing 63% of species and 67% of the plant density. Nine percent of the species were pioneers, 56% were secondary species accounting for 62% of the total basal area, and 35% were opportunistic-climax species accounting for 54% of the plant density. Turvo park has exceptionally high biodiversity and is the last intact large remnant of the Alto-Uruguai river ecosystem. In addition to species richness and an abundance of high value timber species, this forest is of value for the rich genetic resources, and for medicinal and ornamental plants.

Field of study: Environmental science
Modelling the limits on the response of net carbon exchange to fertilization in a south-eastern pine forest

Using a combination of model simulations and detailed measurements at a hierarchy of scales conducted at a sandhills forest site, the effect of fertilization on net ecosystem exchange ( NEE ) and its components in 6-year-old Pinus taeda stands was quantified. The detailed measurements, collected over a 20-d period in September and October, included gas exchange and eddy covariance fluxes, sampled for a 10-d period each at the fertilized stand and at the control stand. Respiration from the forest floor and aboveground biomass was measured using chambers during the experiment. Fertilization doubled leaf area index (LAI) and increased leaf carboxylation capacity by 20%. However, this increase in total LAI translated into an increase of only 25% in modelled sunlit LAI and in canopy photosynthesis. It is shown that the same climatic and environmental conditions that enhance photosynthesis in the September and October periods also cause an increase in respiration The increases in respiration counterbalanced photosynthesis and resulted in negligible NEE differences between fertilized and control stands. The fact that total biomass of the fertilized stand exceeded 2·5 times that of the control, suggests that the counteracting effects cannot persist throughout the year. In fact, modelled annual carbon balance showed that gross primary productivity ( GPP ) increased by about 50% and that the largest enhancement in NEE occurred in the spring and autumn, during which cooler temperatures reduced respiration more than photosynthesis. The modelled difference in annual NEE between fertilized and control stands (approximately 200 g C m − 2 y − 1 ) suggest that the effect of fertilization was sufficiently large to transform the stand from a net terrestrial carbon source to a net sink.

Field of study: Environmental science