nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Regional Climate Services:The Role of NOAA’s Regional Climate Centers

For 25 yr, the Regional Climate Center (RCC) program has provided climate services to six regions encompassing the United States. The service provided by the RCCs has evolved through this time to become an efficient, user-driven program that exemplifies many of the components that have been cited for effective national climate services. To illustrate the RCCs' role as operational climate service providers, a brief history of the program is presented with recent examples of RCC innovations in the provision and creation of data products and decision tools, computer infrastructure, and the integration of climate data across networks. These strengths complement the missions of other federal climate service providers and regional and state-based programs, such as the Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments, state climatologist programs, and National Weather Service climate services program managers and local focal points with which the RCCs actively partner. Building on this expertise, a vision for the RC...

Field of study: Environmental science
A Longitudinal Study of the Management Information systems (Mis) Job Market

The rapidly changing information technology (IT) environment poses a significant and growing challenge for management information systems (MIS) managers and academicians. This research examines the content of job advertisements over a 15 year period to explore the impact that changes in the IT environment have had on the MIS job market. Results trace the rise and fall in demand for certain MIS skills and knowledge and point to the strength and stability of other skills. The study demonstrates the growing diversity in the MIS job market which has led many companies to broaden the base of IT used to support their operations.

Field of study: Computer science
Clinical predictors of alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Up to now, clinical predictors for the course of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially for the occurrence of a delirium, are lacking. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine whether clinical routine investigations at admission before the withdrawal syndrome can reveal factors indicating a higher risk for the development of a delirium. Our results showed that decreased serum electrolyte concentrations (i.e., chloride and potassium), elevated ALT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase serum levels, as well as ataxia and polyneuropathy at the neurological examination, indicate a higher risk for the development of an alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Field of study: Medicine
Denitrification and the denitrifier community in coastal microbial mats.

Denitrification was measured in three structurally different coastal microbial mats by using the stable isotope technique. The composition of the denitrifying community was determined by analyzing the nitrite reductase (nirS and nirK) genes using clone libraries and the GeoChip. The highest potential rate of denitrification (7.0 ± 1.0 mmol N m(-2) d(-1)) was observed during summer at station 1 (supra-littoral). The rates of denitrification were much lower in the stations 2 (marine) and 3 (intermediate) (respectively 0.1 ± 0.05 and 0.7 ± 0.2 mmol N m(-2) d(-1)) and showed less seasonality when compared to station 1. The denitrifying community at station 1 was also more diverse than that at station 2 and 3, which were more similar to each other than either of these stations to station 1. In all three stations, the diversity of both nirS and nirK denitrifiers was higher in summer when compared to winter. The location along the tidal gradient seems to determine the composition, diversity and activity of the denitrifier community, which may be driven by salinity, nitrate/nitrite and organic carbon. Both nirS and nirK denitrifiers are equally present and therefore they are likely to play a role in the denitrification of the microbial mats studied.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Elastic and inelastic scattering of 14N ions by 7Li at 80 MeV (c.m. 26.7 MeV)

New angular distribution data for 7Li + 14N elastic and inelastic scattering at the energy $ E_{lab}$$({}^{14}N) = 80$ MeV (c.m. 26.7MeV) are presented. The data were analyzed within the optical model and the coupled-reaction-channels method using a channels-coupling scheme that included the 7Li and 14N inelastic scattering channels, spin reorientations of 7Li and 14N as well as most important transfer reactions. The low-energy excited states of 7Li and 14N were assumed to be collective in nature. The 7Li + 14N potential parameters as well as deformation parameters of 7Li and 14N were deduced. The 7Li + 14N potential and the data were compared with those of 6Li + 14N to observe isotopic differences. The enhanced large-angle elastic and inelastic scattering data are shown to have a large contribution from the ground-state reorientation of 7Li.

Field of study: Physics
Ni-doped lanthanum gallate perovskites: Synthesis and structural, microstructural, and electrical characterisation

article i nfo This work reports on the synthesis and the characterisation of La0.9Sr0.1Ga1 −xNixO3 − δ (LSGN) with x=0, 0.1 and 0.2 (nominal compositions). For La0.9Sr0.1GaO3 − δ the XRD spectrum matched with that of orthorhombic LaGaO3. However, when Ni is introduced into the lattice a change in the symmetry from orthorhombic to rhombohedral is produced. The lattice volume decreases when Ni is introduced. EPR measurements confirm the presence of Ni 3+ for the Ni-doped LSGN materials. Furthermore, two different environments are detected

Field of study: Materials science
Evaluation of Two Real Time RT-PCR Methods for Norovirus GI and GII Detection in Live Bivalve Molluscs

The design of bio-molecular systems within cell, it is a recently achievement of synthetic biology. Due to the structurity theory (Zeng, 1996) of synthetic biosystems and applied system genetics Bangzhe, 1994: 1).structure integration, cordinative organization of genes network in genome; 2).function adaptation, duplication (amplify) and specific expression of genome involved in cell signalling; 3).construct stratification, multiple stratum of genome constructed by transpose, recombination and amplification. We developed the techniques of the Sequence Tagged Fragments Display (STFD) for analysis of genes differential expression between cell types, which will be very useful in systems medicine (Zeng, 1995) and systems bioengineering (Zeng, 1994). The geneticmodified cell or bionic designed cell is an bio-molecular nano-machine, which can be used as cell nano-factory, or used as cell nano-computer. A kind of cell machine of bio-molecular complexity, it is constructed of molecules module, ADP-ATP energy system and information system of genes. To design signal transduction networks and synthesis gene regulatory structures of cells, we applied the technological integration of micro-fluidic biochips worked for drug discovery, isolation of non-known sequence gene, and design of cellular bioreactor or micro-nano systems of cells communication.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
FREQÜÊNCIA CARDÍACA E A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS PONTOS DE TRANSIÇÃO METABÓLICA EM ESTEIRA ROLANTE

The objective of this study was to determine the heart frequency conduct in a treadmill maximum progressive test. Twenty college students were submitted to a maximum progressive test, with initial speed of 5 km.h -1 and increments of 0,3 km.h -1 each minute. The identification of the heart frequency transition points (HRTP) was done through mathematical models. The HRTP were observed in all subjects, with identification of the heart frequency inflection point in the initial (n=3) and final (n=6) periods of the curve, while the heart frequency deflection point was founded in all subjects, with identifications in the beginning (n=6), in the end (n=3), and isolated (n=11) in the curve. In agreement with recent literature, from the results obtained, a curvilinear behavior of heart frequency related to work intensity was found, allowing the observation of HRDP in initial and final periods of the curve, remaining a necessity of the verification of physiological meanings of these points.

Field of study: Education
A new support structure for high field magnets

Pre-stress of superconducting magnets can be applied directly through the magnet yoke structure. We have replaced the collar functionality in our 14 Tesla R&D Nb/sub 3/Sn dipole magnets with an assembly procedure based on an aluminum shell and bladders. Bladders, placed between the coil pack and surrounding yoke inside the shell, are pressurized up to 10 ksi [70 MPa] to create an interference gap. Keys placed into the interference gap replace the bladder functionality. Following the assembly, the bladders are deflated and removed. Strain gauges mounted directly on the shell are used to monitor the stress of the entire magnet structure, thereby providing a high degree of pre-stress control without the need for high tolerances. During assembly, a force of 8.2 /spl times/ 10/sup 5/ lbs/ft  is generated by the bladders and the stress in the 1.57" [40 mm] aluminum shell reaches 20.3 ksi [140 MPa]. During cool-down the thermal expansion difference between shell and yoke generates an additional compressive force of 6.85 /spl times/ 10/sup 5/ lbs/ft , corresponding to a final stress in the shell of 39.2 ksi [270 MPa]. Pre-stress conditions are sufficient for 16 T before the coils separate at the bore. Bladders have now been used in the assembly and disassembly of two 14 T magnets. This paper describes the magnet structure, assembly procedure and test results.

Field of study: Physics
Cross-Cultural Discrepancies in Self-Appraisals

Two studies examined self-appraisals in Japanese and Canadian samples.  Study 2 incorporated indirect measures of self-enhancing tendencies. In Study 1, the content analysis assessed spontaneous evaluations of self and others, private and relational self-statements, reflected appraisals, temporal and social comparisons, and evaluations of objects and events. Canadian participants typically provided self-enhancing self-descriptions. Japanese participants were generally evenhanded rather than self-critical or self-enhancing, although they were more favorable about relational than private aspects of self. In Study 2, Canadian participants reported that proud events felt closer in time and were easier to recall than similarly distant embarrassing events. Japanese participants reported that embarrassing and proud events felt equally far away and were equally memorable. The two studies provide evidence that Canadians possess stronger self-enhancing motivations than do Japanese and enable a cross-cultural analysis of several social psychological theories of self-appraisal.

Field of study: Psychology
Examination of the dehiscence zone in soybean pods and isolation of a dehiscence‐related endopolygalacturonase gene

Microscopic examination of cross sections of dorsal and ventral sutures of soybean pods (Glycine max cv. TGx1835-2E) at two different stages of maturity revealed that the dehiscence zone of soybean pods is functionally equivalent to the dehiscence zone known from crucifers. Enzymatic assays demonstrated the presence of endo-1,4-β-glucanases and endopolygalacturonases, the activity of which accumulated in the dehiscence zone and peaked during maturation. A single partial cDNA encoding an endopolygalacturonase was isolated by polymerase chain reaction and this clone was used to isolate the complete gene encoding the endopolygalacturonase in question. Approximately 1·2 kb of 5′ upstream sequence was cloned in the plant transformation vector pCAMBIA1301 in front of the uidA (GUS) gene and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression analysis of the soybean endopolygalacturonase transcript revealed that the endopolygalacturonase is primarily found in dehiscence-related tissue and is presumably involved in the breakdown of the middle lamella prior to dehiscence. This result was corroborated by GUS stainings of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines

Field of study: Environmental science
Millimeter-Wave Beam Scattering by Field-Aligned Blobs in Simple Magnetized Toroidal Plasmas.

The first direct experimental measurements of the scattering of a millimeter-wave beam by plasma blobs in a simple magnetized torus are reported. The wavelength of the beam is comparable to the characteristic size of the blob. In situ Langmuir probe measurements show that fluctuations of the electron density induce correlated fluctuations of the transmitted power. A first-principles full-wave model, using conditionally sampled 2D electron density profiles, predicts fluctuations of the millimeter-wave power that are in agreement with experiments.

Field of study: Physics
Stochastic analysis of the extra clustering model for animal grouping

We consider the extra clustering model which was introduced by Durand et al. ( 2007) in order to describe the grouping of social animals and to test whether genetic relatedness is the main driving force behind the group formation process. Durand and François ( 2010) provided a first stochastic analysis of this model by deriving (amongst other things) asymptotic expansions for the mean value of the number of groups. In this paper, we will give a much finer analysis of the number of groups. More precisely, we will derive asymptotic expansions for all higher moments and give a complete characterization of the possible limit laws. In the most interesting case (neutral model), we will prove a central limit theorem with a surprising normalization. In the remaining cases, the limit law will be either a mixture of a discrete and continuous law or a discrete law. Our results show that, except of in degenerate cases, strong concentration around the mean value takes place only for the neutral model, whereas in the remaining cases there is also mass concentration away from the mean.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
The exact law of large numbers via Fubini extension and characterization of insurable risks

A Fubini extension is formally introduced as a probability space that extends the usual product probability space and retains the Fubini property. Simple measure-theoretic methods are applied to this framework to obtain various versions of the exact law of large numbers and their converses for a continuum of random variables or stochastic processes. A model for a large economy with individual risks is developed; and insurable risks are characterized by essential pairwise independence. The usual continuum product based on the Kolmogorov construction together with the Lebesgue measure as well as the usual finitely additive measure-theoretic framework is shown further to be not suitable for modeling individual risks. Measurable processes with essentially pairwise independent random variables that have any given variety of distributions exist in a rich product probability space that can also be constructed by extending the usual continuum product.

Field of study: Economics
Body-size changes of latest Permian brachiopods in varied palaeogeographic settings in South China and implications for controls on animal miniaturization in a highly stressed marine ecosystem

Research on the dynamics of body-size changes in varied water depths can provide important insights into the evolution of palaeoenvironments through time. This paper attempts to investigate how the body sizes of two most commonly found chonetid brachiopod species in the uppermost Permian in South China varied with palaeo-bathymetry. The result shows that there is a broadly negative correlation between the latest Permian brachiopod body size and water depth. There is no simple singular variable that could explain this correlation because bathymetry is correlated, either linearly or nonlinearly, to food availability, redox condition and habitat temperature, as well as substrate conditions. Overall, we found that both oxygen and food availability played a more important role in controlling the differences of body sizes, and specifically several depressed factors (low food availability, anoxia, or abnormal temperature) have compounded and caused small body sizes in deeper waters during the latest Permian. We propose that the brachiopod miniaturization during the Permian-Triassic crisis in South China was collectively driven by anoxia, food restriction and high temperature.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Über Hyperfeinstrukturen in Triplettspektren und ihre Bedeutung für die Bestimmung von Kernmomenten

ZusammenfassungDie Annahme eines für alle Atomzustände konstanten Kernmomentes bedingt die Einführung neuer Termschemata, die wie früher für Dublett- hier für Triplettspektren diskutiert werden. Die Betrachtung des Cd ergibt danach für seine verschiedenen Isotopen 2 Gruppen mit den Kernmomenten i=0 und i=1/2. Am Schlusse der Arbeit sind in einer Tabelle die bisherigen Ergebnisse zusammengestellt und kurz diskutiert.

Field of study: Physics
Change of bioelectric brain activity registered at the distance from the focus of cerebral tissue injury

: The focal delta-waves and the remote influences of the stroke in the form of the sinusoidal flashes of delta-waves with a maximal amplitude exceeding an amplitude of the focal delta-waves (frontal flashes--FF) in frontal-polar leads were investigated in 51 patients (22 men, 29 women) by means of mapping, dipole location (BrainLoc) and LORETA methods. The patients were examined in dynamics during the acute period of hemispheric stroke on days 1-3, 14 and 21 after the onset of the disease. The usage of the modern computer methods of EEG analysis permits to consider FF as an independent electrophysiological phenomenon and to localize a zone of the sources of such flashes, which does not coincide with the zone of generation of the focal delta-activity that corresponds to the perifocal zone of the stroke. According to the data of the three-dimensional location a probable zone of FF generation corresponds to the frontal pole and medial-basal areas of the frontal lobe. Comparison with the MRI data leads to the conclusion that a damage of anterior white substance was the most frequent cause of FF development, probably by deafferentation mechanism. FF may be an electrophysiological manifestation of the influence of the damage of the different brain structures on the frontal lobes according to diaschisis mechanism.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Post–middle Miocene accretion of Franciscan rocks, northwestern California

Deformed sedimentary rocks assigned to the Franciscan assemblage in the King Range south of Cape Mendocino, northern California, are dominantly deep-water argillite and sandstone occurring as thick- to thin-bedded, locally channelized marine turbidites of arkosic to andesitic volcani-clastic composition. These rocks structurally overlie Late Cretaceous (Coniacian to Campanian) basaltic pillow flows, flow breccias, diabase sills, and arkosic sandstone turbidites that also are assignable to the Franciscan assemblage, and are well exposed along the coast at Point Delgada. Radiolarians and planktic and benthic foraminifers indicate that the oldest rocks in the King Range may be early Tertiary and that the youngest rocks are middle Miocene or younger, the youngest rocks yet reported from the Franciscan assemblage. Partly coeval Miocene (Relizian and Luisian) to Quaternary rocks, representing shallower sedimentary facies of the inner shelf to outer continental slope, occupy the Eel River basin and isolated fault-bounded slivers adjacent to the King Range on the north and east. Wide zones of penetrative shearing that may delineate a middle Miocene or younger suture separate the deep-water Franciscan rocks of the King Range from less severely deformed Neogene rocks of the Eel River basin. The King Range appears to be a displaced terrane of oceanic basement overlain by Paleogene(?) and Neogene sedimentary and igneous rocks of continental and oceanic derivation. This terrane may have been displaced north or eastward and obductively accreted to California ≤15 m.y. ago, before or perhaps during northward passage of the Pacific-Farallon-North American plate junction.

Field of study: Geology
FUNCTIONAL FOODS: PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE

Today, food is intended not only to satisfy hunger and provide necessary nutrients for human organism, but also to prevent nutrition-associated diseases and improve the mental and physical condition. The formula of food in the XXI century includes constant use of both traditional natural foods and foods with desired properties in the diet. The foods with desired properties are the functional food products, i. e. those enriched with essential food substances and micronutrients. These functional products cover a wide range of foods and ingredients with various biologically active substances responsible for their health-supporting and preventive effectiveness. This allows to lower the healthcare expenditures and support the economical development. The health and general wellbeing of today’s Ukrainians is influenced by many factors: rush life tempo, age-related changes in organs and tissues, heredity, unhealthy habits, stress situations etc. But the great importance of the diet and numbers and quality of products from which meals are prepared also should be kept in mind. And while we cannot change some factors, we can absolutely control others, particularly the characteristics of foods. The article presents some features of modern diet of Ukrainian population as an integral factor of health risk. Also, we show food substance consumption profiles of Ukrainian population in years 2015–2018, and the rate of functional foods on Ukrainian market in the last two years. The article is a review and highlights the necessity to develop production of functional foods based on fundamental and applied researches in food technology, nutritiology and the latest molecular biological technologies. General approaches to modern principles of functional food production technology are proposed. The role of the latest molecular biological technologies in functional food production is disclosed, especially of the proteomics, nutrigenomics and metabolomics. Important directions of functional food research are shown, they are associated with identification of new functional ingredients and increasing confidence of the consumers in such products. Motivations are proposed to stimulate the food manufactures to continue to develop the functional foods and to increase their assortment, thus providing a remarkable profit from successful products.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences