nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Primary Expression Analysis of a Full-Length cDNA Clone Encoding Small GTP-Binding Protein Gene CaRab8 in Pepper

One 961bp full-length cDNA clone was isolated from pepper normalized cDNA library,which containing a complete 651 bp open reading frame and encoding a putative protein composed of 217 amino acids.Amino acid sequence deduced by this cDNA clone showed high similarity to NtRAB8-2 protein from tobacco.The full-length cDNA was named CaRab8.The protein encoded by this cDNA clone included conserved domains for guanine nucleotide binding and GTPase activities and five domains specific to Rab family including YYRGA domain.Real time quantitative PCR analysis showed the expression level of CaRab8 was induced by MeJA while was repressed by SA.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Hyperfine interactions, charge compensation mechanisms, and the distribution of tin dopant cations in rare-earth orthochromites RCrO3 (R = Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho)

The reduction in the squared cosine of angle θ of the Cr-O-Cr bond in the Sm-Ho series in samples containing Sn4+ ions in the Cr3+ position in the crystallite bulk is accompanied by a linear increase in hyperfine field HT→0 K at 119Sn nuclei. Upon annealing in H2, tin attains oxidation state +2 occupying the Cr3+ and R3+ positions on the surfaces of particles. Mössbauer measurements in situ at 100 K do not reveal the spin polarization of Sn2+, but this polarization does manifest itself for part of the daughter Sn4+ ions formed when samples come into contact with air.

Field of study: Physics
A Field Study of Job Knowledge Job Satisfaction, Intention to Turnover, and Ratings of Simulated Performance

Employees' job knowledge affects both work-sample performance and performance ratings made by supervisors. In the present study of 78 military police officers, the influence of two measures of job knowledge, one for which the employees could ready themselves and the other which was given without advance notice, were examined for their relation with job satisfaction, intention to turnover, and simulated performance ratings. Both measures of job knowledge were significantly related to simulated performance ratings but not job satisfaction or intention to turnover.

Field of study: Psychology
Crustal structures of Grenville, Makkovik, and southern Nain provinces along the Lithoprobe ECSOOT Transect: regional seismic refraction and gravity models and their tectonic implications

Crustal structures of the eastern Grenville, Makkovik, and southern Nain provinces are determined using seismic reflection-refraction and gravity data along the Lithoprobe Eastern Canadian Shield Onshore-Offshore Transect (ECSOOT). Within the Grenville Province, the velocity model contains a 5 km thick upper crust and a variable-thickness middle to lower crust. The total crustal thickness varies from 25 to 43 km, with the thickest crust in the south and thinnest crust in the north. A high-velocity, lower crustal wedge is coincident with a strong band of northward-dipping reflectors. The two-dimensional velocity structure is compatible with modelling of a 60 mGal gravity high over the Hawke River terrane. In the Makkovik Province, the thickness of upper crustal velocities increases to 17 km. The velocity decrease in the upper to middle crust from the Grenville Province to the Makkovik Province is similar to that of refraction models across the Grenville Front in Ontario and Quebec. It is possibly related t...

Field of study: Environmental science
NONEQUILIBRIUM, NONSIMILAR SOLUTIONS OF THE LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS (TASK 3.1. FLOW-FIELD ANALYSES. REST PROJECT),

A method of solution of the laminar boundary layer equations for dissociating and ionizing air in chemical nonequilibrium is formulated for arbitrary pressure gradients and body geometry. A nonsimilar, multistrip integral technique is employed in conjunction with previously derived transport and thermodynamic properties for the multicomponent mixture. Several numerical examples are carried out for sharp conical bodies (assuming a fully catalytic cold wall) at reentry velocities and altitudes between 115 and 200 kilofeet. The results are used to demonstrate a number of salient features of the flow fields; among these are the dominant role of diffusion in counterbalancing the production of dissociated and ionized species, the relative importance of accurate transport properties in the momentum and energy equations (as reflected in the species production), and the persistence of chemical nonequilibrium to relatively low altitudes (below 15 kilofeet) for slender, sharp vehicles at reentry velocities.

Field of study: Physics
Complement pathway activity in the opsonization of mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

Two separate complement pathway activities and their interaction in the opsonization of mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium by human neutrophils were investigated in 1% and 10% sera. In the absence of antibody, all mutant strains of S. typhimurium could activate complement by either the classical or the alternative pathway. The presence of antibody did not alter alternative pathway activity but enhanced the classical pathway activity, especially for those strains possessing intact core structure and in the presence of 10% serum. This effect of antibody on classical pathway activation decreased as the lipopolysaccharide chain length decreased. The finding that the presence of antibody reduced the classical pathway activity in the opsonization of SL 1032 (Rd1) strain in 10% serum was unexpected. This suggests that if complement activity in the absence of antibody is already marked, the presence of antibody cannot increase it further. Inhibition was also found in the interaction between classical and alternative pathways. For SL 1032 (Rd1) strain, in the absence of antibody, either classical or alternative pathway activity alone could be maximally activated in 10% serum and when present together were in competition with each other. The interaction, either enhancement or inhibition, was not only dependent on the individual strain but also on the concentration of serum. In general, enhancement occurred in the presence of 1% serum while inhibition was observed in the presence of 10% serum. Such antagonistic interaction has not previously been reported.

Field of study: Biology
A comparison of the age and composition of the Shelburne dyke, Nova Scotia, and the Messejana dyke, Spain

New 40Ar/39Ar age determinations on biotite from the Shelburne dyke of Nova Scotia and from the Messejana dyke of Spain are identical at 203 ± 2 Ma. In addition, both dykes have similar chemical compositions and probably represent similar magma sources, petrogenetic processes, and tectonic settings related to an early phase of opening of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Field of study: Environmental science
A ray-tracing algorithm for ab initio calculation of thermal load in undulator-based synchrotron beamlines

The OASYS suite is used to implement a ray-tracing algorithm to calculate the thermal load in undulator-based synchrotron beamlines. The algorithm is particularly suited to analyze cases with complex beamline layout and optical elements. Examples of its use on two of the feature beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project are shown.

Field of study: Physics
Expression of cholecystokinin mRNA in corticothalamic projecting neurons: a combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and retrograde tracing study in the ventrolateral thalamus of the rat.

Cholecystokinin (CCK), a well-known neuroactive peptide, has been observed in the axon endings within the thalamic reticular nucleus and the adjacent ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. The origin of this CCK innervation remains undefined. In this study, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was used in conjunction with latex microsphere retrograde tracing to investigate whether cortical neurons may provide a source of CCK afferents to the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. Rhodamine latex beads were injected into the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus of adult male rats to retrogradely label corticothalamic cells. After 7 days, tissues were processed for FISH using a 24-base oligonucleotide probe complementary to the 3' coding region of rat preprocholecystokinin mRNA. It was found that CCK transcripts are expressed in about 80% of identified corticothalamic projecting neurons. We therefore conclude that the descending cortical projections to the ventrolateral thalamus may provide an important source of CCK innervation to this region of the brain.

Field of study: Biology
Modeling of Alpha-Induced Single Event Upsets for 45 nm Node SOI Devices Using Realistic C4 and 3D Circuit Geometries

Novel techniques have been applied to model realistic alpha particle source distributions in complex back-end-of-the-line geometries. Rigorous Monte Carlo simulations with high resolution have been performed to analyze the charge collection in 45 nm SOI test devices. These studies reveal soft fail sensitivity to the topologies of the alpha particle source and the BEOL structure.

Field of study: Physics
New Loss Functions in Bayesian Imaging

Unlike the development of more accurate prior distributions for use in Bayesian imaging, the design of more sensible estimators through loss functions has been neglected in the literature. We discuss the design of loss functions with a local structure that depend only on a binary misclassification vector. The proposed approach is similar to modeling with a Markov random field. The Bayes estimate is calculated in a two-step algorithm using Markov chain Monte Carlo and simulated annealing algorithms. We present simulation experiments with the Ising model, where the observations are corrupted with Gaussian and flip noise.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Franciscan Provinces of South America

Known by various names, this Franciscan Province at one time comprised the territory of all the states in the vast basin of the Rio de la Plata and its great tributaries: the Rio de la Plata and Tucuman colonies (present Argentina), Paraguay, and Uruguay—and in the beginning also the southernmost part of Brazil. Though it was the last of the Franciscan Provinces to be established in Spanish South America during colonial times, it was founded as the independent Custody of Paraguay-Plata as early as 1538. In 1565 another Custody, that of St. George of Tucuman, was founded by Franciscans of the Peruvian Province (see The Americas , II, 83–90). These two Custodies were united into one in 1575, but separated again into two in 1597, both remaining dependent on the Province in Peru. Fifteen years later, the General Chapter held in Rome on July 12, 1612, once more joined the two Custodies to form the Province of Rio de la Plata.

Field of study: History
A Clarification of the Concept of "Instrumental Valuation" in Institutional Economics

The terms "instrumental valuation" and "instrumental valuing" are common in the literature of neoinstitutional economics. They are, of course, adapted from the work of the most influential philosopher America has produced, John Dewey (1859-1952). However, their explication and dissemination among evolutionary economists has been largely the work of economists Clarence Ayres (1891-1972), Fagg Foster (1907-1985), Allan Gruchy (1906-1990), and, more recently, Wendell Gordon and Marc Tool.' These terms denote the basic approach to the social value theory of neoinstitutional economists and are viewed as the alternative to the utilitarian theory(s) of neoclassicism, the Marxian labor theory of value, and the Kantian or Christian approach of social economists.  Morton White exaggeratedly called "the revolt against formalism" in American social thought two generations ago did not a school of thought make.2 Institutional economics and pragmatic philosophy earlier clearly drew from a highly eclectic stock of ideas and intellectual

Field of study: Economics
Long-Term Dietary Fructose Causes Gender-Different Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction in Rats: Modulatory Effects of Resveratrol

There is limited knowledge on the gender differences in the effects of dietary fructose. In the current study, we investigated whether long-term fructose intake impacts metabolic parameters and vascular reactivity differently between male and female rats. Moreover, we tested whether resveratrol has a gender-specific effectiveness on the alterations.  Male and female rats were divided into four groups as control; resveratrol; fructose and resveratrol plus fructose. Fructose was given to the rats as 10% solution in drinking water for 24 weeks. All rats were fed with the standard diet with or without resveratrol.  High-fructose diet increased plasma insulin, triglyceride and VLDL levels as well as omental weights in both genders. Long-term dietary fructose causes marked increase in body weight of males, but not females. Dietary fructose impaired endothelial relaxation to acetylcholine and intensified contraction to phenylephrine in the aortas of male and female rats, but differently it also reduced insulin-induced vasodilation in aortas of female rats. These changes were associated with decreased expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein, but increased in inducible NOS (iNOS), in aortas of male and female rats. Dietary fructose suppressed expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) mRNA in aortas from female rats. Resveratrol supplementation efficiently restored fructose-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction in both genders probably by regulating eNOS and iNOS production. Moreover, the augmentations in SIRT1 and IRS-2 mRNA in females and IRS-1 mRNA in males may possibly contribute to the beneficial effects of resveratrol as well.  Long-term fructose intake may differently affect metabolic and vascular function between male and female rats, which are modified by resveratrol.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Effects of Processing Parameters in Vacuum Sintering on Properties of Cu Powder Samples

The effects of processing parameters, such as H2 reducing conditions, sintering temperature and sintering time on the sintering properties of Cu powder samples were studied. The optimal process of being reduced by H2 at 450℃ for 1.5 h, sintering 1.5 h at 850 ℃ is obtained through testing and analyzing sintering samples at different processing parameters. Under the optimal processing conditions, the density of the sintering samples is 8.57 g/cm3, being 96.3% of the theoretical density of Cu; the tensile strength of the sample is 210 MPa, approaching that of pure Cu castings.

Field of study: Materials science
Advances in monitoring the human dimension of natural resource systems: an example from the Great Barrier Reef

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility and potential utility of decision-centric social-economic monitoring using data collected from Great Barrier Reef (Reef) region. The social and economic long term monitoring program (SELTMP) for the Reef is a novel attempt to monitor the social and economic dimensions of social-ecological change in a globally and nationally important region. It represents the current status and condition of the major user groups of the Reef with the potential to simultaneously consider trends, interconnections, conflicts, dependencies and vulnerabilities. Our approach was to combine a well-established conceptual framework with a strong governance structure and partnership arrangement that enabled the co-production of knowledge. The framework is a modification of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and it was used to guide indicator choice. Indicators were categorised as; (i) resource use and dependency, (ii) ecosystem benefits and well-being, and (iii) drivers of change. Data were collected through secondary datasets where existing and new datasets were created where not, using standard survey techniques. Here we present an overview of baseline results of new survey data from commercial-fishers (n = 210), marine-based tourism operators (n = 119), tourists (n = 2877), local residents (n = 3181), and other Australians (n = 2002). The indicators chosen describe both social and economic components of the Reef system and represent an unprecedented insight into the ways in which people currently use and depend on the Reef, the benefits that they derive, and how they perceive, value and relate to the Reef and each other. However, the success of a program such as the SELTMP can only occur with well-translated cutting-edge data and knowledge that are collaboratively produced, adaptive, and directly feeds into current management processes. We discuss how data from the SELTMP have already been incorporated into Reef management decision-making through substantial inclusion in three key policy documents.

Field of study: Environmental science
Tumor inherent interferons: Impact on immune reactivity and immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, with sustained responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors reported in a number of malignancies. Such therapeutics are now being trialed in aggressive or advanced cancers that are heavily reliant on untargeted therapies, such as triple negative breast cancer. However, responses have been underwhelming to date and are very difficult to predict, leading to an inability to accurately weigh up the benefit-to-risk ratio for their implementation. The tumor immune microenvironment has been closely linked to immunotherapeutic response, with superior responses observed in patients with T cell-inflamed or 'hot' tumors. One class of cytokines, the type I interferons, are a major dictator of tumor immune infiltration and activation. Tumor cell inherent interferon signaling dramatically influences the immune microenvironment and the expression of immune checkpoint proteins, hence regulators and targets of this pathway are candidate biomarkers of immunotherapeutic response. In support of a link between IFN signaling and immunotherapeutic response, the combination of type I interferon inducers with checkpoint immunotherapy has recently been demonstrated critical for a sustained anti-tumor response in aggressive breast cancer models. Here we review evidence that links type I interferons with a hot tumor immune microenvironment, response to checkpoint inhibitors and reduced risk of metastasis that supports their use as biomarkers and therapeutics in oncology.

Field of study: Medicine
HCMV pp65和gB联合核酸疫苗表达载体的构建及其体内生物学活性研究

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)主要被膜磷蛋白pp65(phosphoprotein 65)及糖蛋白gB(glycoprotein B)在病毒感染及诱发机体免疫反应中起重要作用,近年来有不少学者对HCMV pp65和gB这两种抗原进行动物和临床试验研究,虽取得了一定效果,但仍存在免疫原性弱、免疫范围局限等缺点.本研究利用分子生物学方法将HCMV两种保护性免疫原性基因pp65和gB构建在一起,制备HCMV核酸疫苗,并研究其在小鼠体内的免疫活性。

Field of study: Biology
Engaging Schools to Explore Meteorological Observational Gaps

Today, the vast majority of meteorological data are collected in open, rural environments to comply with the standards set by the World Meteorological Organization. However, these traditional networks lack local information that would be of immense value, for example, for studying urban microclimates, evaluating climate adaptation measures, or improving high-resolution numerical weather predictions. Therefore, an urgent need exists for reliable meteorological data in other environments (e.g., cities, lakes, forests) to complement these conventional networks. At present, however, high-accuracy initiatives tend to be limited in space and/or time as a result of the substantial budgetary requirements faced by research teams and operational services. We present a novel approach for addressing the existing observational gaps based on an intense collaboration with high schools. This methodology resulted in the establishment of a regionwide climate monitoring network of 59 accurate weather stations in a wide variety of locations across northern Belgium. The project is also of large societal relevance as it bridges the gap between the youth and atmospheric science. To guarantee a sustainable and mutually valuable collaboration, the schools and their students are involved at all stages, ranging from proposing measurement locations, building the weather stations, and even data analysis. We illustrate how the approach received overwhelming enthusiasm from high schools and students and resulted in a high-accuracy monitoring network with unique locations offering novel insights.

Field of study: Environmental science
Conference Proceedings 3-4 Sep 2010: International Conference on HIV-AIDS in Nepal-2010

Chief Patron Dr. B M Nagpal Patron Organizing Chairperson Dr. P K Chakraborty Dr. S Gokhale Organizing Secretary Dr. Jitendra Prasad Mathuria Scientific Committee Finance Committee Reception Committee Dr. N Suresh Baboo Mr. Sujivan Ghosh Dr. Dayaram Pokharel Dr. A L Sharma Dr. Anirban Bagchi Dr. Prashant Agrawal Dr. Alok Sinha Ms. Vijaya Banstola Mr. Sudesh Gyawali Dr. H K Tiwari Dr. Manu SS Rana Ms. Aparna Biswas Dr. M T Ansari Dr. Tirthankar Ghosh Treasurer Dr. Abhishek Gaur Media Committee Catering Committee Inauguration Committee Dr. Asis De Dr. R R Sinha Ms. Chacchu Bhattarai Mr. Gaurav Yadav Mr. Phanindra Poudel Ms. Asha lata Mr. Brijesh Sathian Mr. Dharamraj Bhatta Advisors Dr. V M Alurkar Dr. O P Talwar Dr. M L Panhani Dr. J K De Dr. K S Rao Dr. Archana Saha Dr. R V R Rao Dr. S B Dixit Ms. Sakun Singh

Field of study: Medicine
O-GlcNAc: Regulator of Signaling and Epigenetics Linked to X-linked Intellectual Disability

Cellular identity in multicellular organisms is maintained by characteristic transcriptional networks, nutrient consumption, energy production and metabolite utilization. Integrating these cell-specific programs are epigenetic modifiers, whose activity is often dependent on nutrients and their metabolites to function as substrates and co-factors. Emerging data has highlighted the role of the nutrient-sensing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as an epigenetic modifier essential in coordinating cellular transcriptional programs and metabolic homeostasis. OGT utilizes the end-product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway to modify proteins with O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The levels of the modification are held in check by the O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Studies from model organisms and human disease underscore the conserved function these two enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling play in transcriptional regulation, cellular plasticity and mitochondrial reprogramming. Here, we review these findings and present an integrated view of how O-GlcNAc cycling may contribute to cellular memory and transgenerational inheritance of responses to parental stress. We focus on a rare human genetic disorder where mutant forms of OGT are inherited or acquired de novo. Ongoing analysis of this disorder, OGT- X-linked intellectual disability (OGT-XLID), provides a window into how epigenetic factors linked to O-GlcNAc cycling may influence neurodevelopment.

Field of study: Biology
Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico (review)

Malinche is so well know in Mexico today—and probably as well known to scholars of Latin American history—that it is hard to imagine that she was given merely passing attention in the sixteenth century and more or less forgotten until the nineteenth. But, of course, the well-known Malinche is not the historical Malintzin, but a post-1820s construct, one batted about over the last two centuries between competing visions of Mexico's national genesis and identity.

Field of study: History
Robust Multidimensional Matched Subspace Classifiers Based on Weighted Least-Squares

We propose and design two classes of robust subspace classifiers for classification of multidimensional signals. Our classifiers are based on robust M-estimators and the least-median-of-squares principle, and we show that they may be unified as iterated reweighted oblique subspace classifiers. The performance of the proposed classifiers are demonstrated by two examples: noncoherent detection of space-time frequency-shift keying signals, and shape classification of partially occluded two-dimensional (2-D)_ objects. In both cases, the proposed robust subspace classifiers outperform the conventional subspace classifiers

Field of study: Engineering