nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterisation of Antistatic Nylon-6 Filled with ZnO Whiskers

Antistatic composites of nylon-6 filled with ZnO whiskers (ZnOw), the surface of which was treated with a coupling agent, were prepared by melting-blend. Electrical, mechanical and rheological properties of the composites were determined and the effect of ZnOw loading level on these properties was determined. The structure, morphology, thermal properties, and crystallisation behaviour were examined in detail by FT-IR, SEM, TGA, WAXD, DSC etc. The results showed that the ZnOw were well dispersed in the nylon-6 matrix and they interacted well with the nylon-6 matrix. The crystallinity, melt temperature, tensile strength and hardness of the composites decreased gradually with increasing ZnOw content, but the antistatic performance, processing properties and thermal stability improved.

Field of study: Materials science
Iterative solution of the M x /C 2 /S/N queues

A numerical solution of multiserver queue with Markovian group arrival and Coxian servers of a finite buffer ( M [x] / C 2 / S / N ) is presented. The point- successive-over-relaxation method with an optimal dynamic relaxation factor is used to obtain the steady-state probabilities and performance measures such as the mean queue length and the mean number of customers in the system. This queue can be used as a model for a computer system with parallel processing capabilities.

Field of study: Mathematics
Microglia-specific localisation of a novel calcium binding protein, Iba1.

Recently it has been shown that mRNA of Iba1 (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1), which was a novel calcium binding protein cDNA-cloned by our group, is specifically expressed in microglia in cultures of rat brain cells [Imai et al.  (1996) 855-862]. In the present study, immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that Iba1 protein is expressed in microglia alone both in cultured brain cells and in the brain, respectively. In a mixed cell culture of embryonic rat brain, immunocytochemically positive for Iba1 protein were the microglia but it was not detectable in neurons, astroglia, or oligodendroglia. Immunohistochemical staining of adult rat brain sections showed Iba1 protein to be specifically localised in ramified microglia. In addition, immunohistochemical staining and immunoblot analysis of activated microglia in the facial nucleus after facial nerve axotomy shows that expression of Iba1 protein was upregulated and peaked at 7 days. These results indicated that localisation of Iba1 protein is restricted to microglia both in vitro and in vivo, and that Iba1 protein plays a role in regulating the function of microglia, especially in the activated microglia.

Field of study: Biology
Attitudinal and Non-Attitudinal Components of IAT Performance

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was designed to measure automatically activated attitudinal associations, free of the influence of processes that affect their expression. Subsequent research has shown that IAT performance also is influenced by non-associative processes, but the extent to which these non-associative processes are content-specific or if they operate similarly regardless of the attitude being measured has largely gone unexamined. In the current research, participants completed pairs of IATs that varied in conceptual overlap: Tests shared a high, moderate, or low degree of overlap in the measured attitudes. The Quad model was applied to estimate the contributions of four processes to IAT performance. Evidence was found for two relatively general, non-attitudinal processes and two relatively attitude-specific processes. Implications are discussed for interpretation of IAT scores, individual differences in IAT scores, and IAT score malleability.

Field of study: Psychology
On MMSE and MAP Denoising Under Sparse Representation Modeling Over a Unitary Dictionary

Among the many ways to model signals, a recent approach that draws considerable attention is sparse representation modeling. In this model, the signal is assumed to be generated as a random linear combination of a few atoms from a prespecified dictionary. In this work, two Bayesian denoising algorithms are analyzed for this model-the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) and the minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) estimators, both under the assumption that the dictionary is unitary. It is well known that both these estimators lead to a scalar shrinkage on the transformed coefficients, albeit with a different response curve. We derive explicit expressions for the estimation-error for these two estimators. Upper bounds on these errors are developed and tied to the expected error of the so-called oracle estimator, for which the support is assumed to be known. This analysis establishes a worst-case gain-factor between the MAP/MMSE estimation errors and that of the oracle.

Field of study: Engineering
The Role Conception of A Deontological Code for Teachers A Study of its Role Performance

The role conception and role performance and their complete correspondence in the light of a Deontological code for the teachers form the theme of the present study. The field of ethics gives place to two approaches – Deontological and Teleological. The first deals with duties, actions and rules to be performed and adhere to them strictly and imperatively in their performance. The second concerns with their purpose or Teleology and, therefore, leans towards their evaluations. These two aspects of duties to be performed by professional teachers were exposed with the support of factual and theoretical studies undertaken by eminent researchers in the field of professional ethics in general and for in-service teachers in particular, enriching the area. Finally it was observed that moral and ethical issues in character education are slowly becoming important as a part of teacher education programs where role conception, role demands in relation to role performance are taking firm grounds in their complete correspondence with evaluations. It is proposed therefore that if one takes teaching as a career, one must be committed to it.  ‘Be’ a teacher, ‘Remain’ a teacher and ‘Make’ a teacher in his/her choice as a teacher in promotion of values and in the interest of progress of teacher education.  Deontology, Teleology, Role Conception, Role Performance, Moral Maturity.

Field of study: Education
Research on the Organization-based Method for Modeling Multi-agent System

The environment of Internet is heterogeneous and openness,which brings new challenges to the MAS Modeling,such as high complexity and low efficiency.To resolve these problems,this paper presents a MAS modeling method based on Organization,which is called OrgMAS.So as to reduce the complexity of system modeling,this method divides the complex system into several organizations,and analyzes these organizations separately.This method also performs Ontology modeling during the process of OrgMAS,so that,the heterogeneous agents can cooperate beyond the same semantics with the help of ontology mapping.This paper also introduced a Case tool,OrgMAS Tool,which can support OrgMAS to model complex system with high efficiency.

Field of study: Computer science
Ethnic differences in C-peptide levels and anti-GAD antibodies in South African patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

To determine differences between Black and White South Africans with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and between Black patients on insulin vs. those on oral agents presenting with DKA, post stabilization fasting C-peptide levels and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies were measured together with serum glucose, acid base and urine ketones on admission. Of 60 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (76 admissions), the 43 Black patients had a higher BMI (23.1 vs. 20.0 kg/m(2), p=0.05) than did the 17 White patients, were more often newly diagnosed (37% vs. 1%, p=0.03), and a greater proportion of Black patients had fasting C-peptide levels >0.3 nmol/l (28% (10/36) vs. 0%, p=0.03). Of these 10 Black patients, eight were anti-GAD-negative. Thirteen Black patients (33%) were anti-GAD-positive vs. 10 (67%) White patients (p=0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in anti-GAD positivity between Black patients on oral agents or those on insulin. Most patients (5/7) admitted on oral agents had negative C-peptide levels after stabilization. Our results suggest that in patients presenting with DKA, a quarter of Black South Africans have C-peptide levels regarded as being indicative of type 2 DM and are less frequently anti-GAD-antibody-positive than are White South Africans.

Field of study: Medicine
Development of AFLP Linkage Marker and Location Analysis of Gynoecy Gene from South China-type Cucumber

In this experiment,F2 population was built by using the South China-type gynoecious cucumber,B36,as female parent and weak female cucumber,S6,as male parent.Sixty-four pairs of primers were screened in the F2 population and an amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)molecular marker linked to the all female trait was found and the segregation ratio of female and weak female fitted 3 ∶ 1 in F2 population,suggesting that gynoecy was a quality trait.The analysis results using the biology software,JoinMapV3.0,indicated that the genetic distance between the marker and gynoecious gene was 4.9 cM.In addition,Bioinformatics analysis showed that the marker was located in the terminal of the sixth number chromosome of cucumber genome.At the same time,we selected two pairs of primers in far promoter region of CsACS1G gene and test F2 plants from the progeny of B36 and S6 using a pair of primers by PCR.And the experiment results showed that there was no linkage between the amplified fragments and the gynoecious trait,which suggested that the gynoecious trait of South China-type gynoecious cucumber(B36)was controlled by a new gynoecious gene.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Synthesis and characterization of multi-micronutrient fertilizer ammonium cupric phosphate via solid state reaction

A novel method for the synthesis of multi-micronutrient fertilizer ammonium cupric phosphate was studied,and the target product was obtained successfully with CuSO4·5H2O and(NH4)3PO4·3H2O as raw materials and PEG-400 as template via the one step low heat solid state reaction.SNR(signal-to-noise)calculated with XRD data of the products was used as testing indicators,and uniform experimental design as well as data mining technology were used in the test.The synthesis tests were carried out,and were guided by the results of data mining technology.The test results indicated that the product synthesized with the optimal technical condition was NH4CuPO4 ·H2O with size of 51nm.For the products are all fertilizer,so it is obvious that a mixture of the synthesis products can be used as fertilizer without any separation.The synthesis process is not only simple but also without any waste water,so the synthesis is a much more potential industrial process when it is compared with those syntheses in liquid state in view of the process itself or environment protection.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Precipitation Law of Cementite in Hot Rolling 08Al Process

Aiming at the cracking problem of 08 Al broad strip in stamping and bending process,the microstructure characteristics of hot-rolled plate and precipitation law of cementite in low carbon steel were studied by adopting Gleeble,SEM and EDS.The results show that the microstructure of 08 Al is mainly equiaxed ferritic grain,but the grain size is quite uneven.The precipitation of free cementite is serious,about level 3.The amount of inclusions is few,and cementite mainly precipitates at the grain boundary.The amount of precipitation is mainly affected by the coiling temperature.

Field of study: Materials science
Effects of managed care on alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment.

The article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 RSA Meeting in Montreal, Canada. The organizer/chair was Stephen Magura. The presentations examined: (1) How managed care organization policies may affect enrollees' use of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment, by Constance Horgan and associates; (2) The determinants of patients' access to and utilization of AOD treatment in a large health maintenance organization, by Jennifer R. Mertens and Constance Weisner; (3) The impact on treatment access and costs of a statewide carve-out for AOD treatment for Medicaid, by Donald Shepard and associates; and (4) The predictive validity of a new patient assessment technology developed, in part, to better justify AOD treatment in response to the demands of managed care, by Stephen Magura and associates.

Field of study: Medicine
Studies on deep-freezing preservation of turkey semen.

七面鳥精液の凍結保存に関する基礎的研究として7%ブドウ糖卵黄希釈液を用いて液体窒素により70日から440日にわたる長期間の凍結保存を行ない,精液の凍結保存期間と融解後の蘇生精子活力および頸曲り異常精子出現割合との関係を検討した。その結果は次のごとく要約される.1) 70,104,122,226(a,b),367,411および440日間凍結保存後の融解精子活力はそれぞれ70,90,50,70,70,90,70および80%( ?? 以上),平均73.8%で特に長期間にわたる凍結保存が融解後の精子活力に影響をおよぼしているとは思われない。2)

Field of study: Biology
Electromagnetic Analysis of the Voltage-Temperature Characteristics of the ITER TF Conductor Samples

The measurement of the current sharing temperature of a Cable in Conduit Conductor is a complex task. The voltage traces measured on the conduit (jacket) of these conductors during tests, give V-I characteristics that significantly differ from the typical transition from the superconducting to the resistive state measured on single strands. In these measurements, after an initial ramping of the transport current up to the test value, the temperature is increased by steps until the resistive transition occurs. However, even in the first phase of the current ramping, when the cable is still fully or almost superconductive, early voltages are measured along the jacket at different angular positions around the cable. In particular, this was observed in the ITER TF conductors recently tested in the SULTAN facility at Villigen PSI, Switzerland. These samples showed significant ramps of voltages taken in the proximity of the joints and terminations. The present paper gives a possible qualitative and quantitative explanation for this mechanism. Numerical simulations are also shown which reproduce the scattering of the voltages measured around the jacket at a given location, showing the effect of the voltage taps position along the jacket in a six sub-cable model.

Field of study: Physics
Stable isotopes in charophyte incrustations: relationships with climate and water chemistry

Age gradients of stable C and O isotopes were found in modern Chara hispida calcite incrustations allowing seasonal changes in water chemistry to be observed. Gradients resulted from apical calcification in growing charophytes. In a regional study of 12 species and varieties of charophytes the carbonate δ13C differed significantly with ‘low value’ and ‘high value’ species such as Chara globularis and C. baltica, respectively. Samples from lakes and other stagnant waters had significantly higher δ13C values than those sampled from flowing water. The differences were related mainly to photosynthesis. Charophyte δ18O (carbonate) was not significantly different between species but water chemistry was important for brackish water Lamprothamnium papulosum. The overall δ18O (carbonate) was positively correlated with groundwater δ18O and it is suggested that more reliable environmental information is available from δ18O than δ13C in charophyte marls. The mean charophyte carbonate δ13C and δ18O was −5.7‰ and −6.4‰ VPDB, respectively. Environmental temperature estimates suggested that at some sites the carbonate was deposited close to isotopic equilibrium, but in others a slight to moderate disequilibrium was indicated.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Can We Plan Too Much? – The Case of the 2010 Metropolitan Strategy for Adelaide

With a Labor government in power in South Australia since 2002, a series of interlocking plans for the state have been developed of which the most important are the strategic plan for the state, the strategic infrastructure plan for the state and the metropolitan strategy for Greater Adelaide. The metropolitan strategy of 2010 reflected the ambitious population and employment targets of the state strategic plan and provided a liberal supply of residential land for urban expansion together with ambitions for a more compact city with higher densities. There are inconsistencies in these objectives which have not been resolved and reflect the optimistic forecasts of the state strategic plan and the nature of the metropolitan planning process with strong input from the development industry. Preliminary evidence is that the plan is not tracking as proposed and more attention needs to be paid to short- and medium-term prospects, and community involvement particularly in strategic localities.

Field of study: Political science
Hot methanol from the inner region of the HH 212 protostellar system

The mechanisms leading to the formation of disks around young stellar objects (YSOs) and to the launching of the associated jets are crucial to the understanding of the earliest stages of star and planet formation. HH 212 is a privileged laboratory to study a pristine jet-disk system. Therefore we investigate the innermost region ( t = 1,2 states) have upper energies above 500 K. They originate from a compact ( uv plane of various velocity channels of the strongest high-excitation lines. The blue- and red-shifted velocity centroids are shifted roughly symmetrically on either side of the jet axis, indicating that the line-of-sight velocity beyond 0.7 km s -1 from systemic is dominated by rotational motions. The velocity increases moving away from the protostar further indicating that the emission of methanol is not associated with a Keplerian disk or rotating-infalling cavity, and it is more likely associated with outflowing gas. We speculate that CH 3 OH traces a disk wind gas accelerated at the base. The launching region would be at a radius of a few astronomical units from the YSO.

Field of study: Physics
Real-Time Scheduling Algorithms for Cyclic Communication Set in Networks-on-chip

Networks-on-chip(NoC) has been introduced to offer high on-chip communication bandwidth for large-scale multi-core systems.How to guarantee real-time communication in NoC is a key research problem.In this paper,we propose two real time scheduling algorithms(CS-TI and CS-VC) for cyclic communication set and analyze the sufficient utilization bounds of two algorithms.We compare our algorithms with the existing fixed-priority algorithm which is the state of the art.Experimental results show that the acceptance rates of our algorithms are higher than that of the fixed-priority algorithm.And the smaller the communication set size and the NoC size,the higher the acceptance rate.Comparing with CS-VC,CS-TI has the low er acceptance rate.How ever CS-TI can be applied to common NoC as it does not require extra hardw are support.

Field of study: Computer science
Effect of Cold Deformation on Structure and Properties of Cu-Al_2O_3 Composite Prepared by Simplified Technique

Cu-Al2O3 composites with different oxygen resource coefficients were prepared by a new simplified internal oxidation technique.The microstructure and hardness,electrical conductivity of composites after sintering and deforming were investigated.The results indicate that Cu-Al2O3 composites are prepared successfully by the simplified technique,a mass of fine Al2O3 particles are dispersed in the copper base,the size of Al2O3 particles is about 10~20 nm in diameter,and the spatial distance between particles is about 25～60 nm.The hardness is obviously increased after deforming of 60%,70% and 80%,and the maximum peak value reaches 144 HV.Electrical conductivity increases at the beginning and then decreases with the increasing of deformation.After sintering at 950 ℃ for 4 h,the internal oxidation of compressed Cu-Al alloy powder is completed,and the comprehensive performance is optimum after deforming when the oxygen resource coefficient(k) is 1.20.So it is the optimum oxidant content for internal oxidation under this process.

Field of study: Materials science
Application and progress of dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) technology in asymmetric catalysis

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis is an important field in organic chemistry. The disadvantage of the traditional kinetic resolution is that the maximum yield is only 50%. But by using dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) technology, the racemic starting materials can be transformed to one enantiomer totally and the yield can reaches 100%. The enzymatic kinetic resolution, metal-catalyzed racemization,and the principle and application of DKR technology that combines enzymes and metal catalysts are described.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Naive Fault Trees for Safety Evaluations in Early Project Phase

Naive Fault Trees (NFT) aim to extend the application of Fault Trees (FT) and make them appealing for system designers in the early project life cycle. NFT use input intervals and values to estimate the frequency of a top event. This extension facilitates the assignment of failure probability to basic events when exact data is difficult to find, unavailable or even not existent. The formulation of the problem and results are presented in this paper through an application to a real-world example.
ed from different candidates contain ample information, which might not appear evident at first sight. The complexity of the situation requires an intelligent extraction of the information from the data. An analysis tool IndEvawas developed to handle this complexity and provide an accurate, detailed and reliable evaluation of inspection systems and personnel. Besides the plain evaluation regarding the fulfilment of the qualification requirements, critical test flaws as well as test block sections, which are likely to cause false positive indications can be identified. Statistic results display the dependency of the system performance on various parameters and parameter combinations to provide a clear picture of the performance. Country-specific evaluation standards can be applied and compared, especially with regard to the continuous improvement of the qualification methodology.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
keymanticES: Semantic Keyword Entity Search Mechanism in Dataspaces

Due to specific features of dataspaces Key word search in dataspaces is different from those in web and in relational databases.Some existed keyword search techniques can not be applied or satisfy completely in datasapces environment.The ambiguous semantic caused by simple and unstructured features of keyword search is hard to understand user′s query intent and satisfy user′s information requirement.This paper proposes a novel semantic keyword entity search mechanism: keymanticES in dataspaces,and focuses on query intent disambiguates of keyword search which effectively resolves the semantic ambiguous problem and improves the precision of keyword search.Experiments results show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed approach.

Field of study: Computer science