nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
穿透支原体诱发IgA肾病的研究

穿透支原体(Mycoplasma penetrans,Mpe)是近年来新发现与艾滋病相关的致病性支原体.1999年,Ya(n)ez首次从抗磷脂综合征病人的血液和呼吸道标本中分离到Mpe(HF-2).IgA肾病是一组多病因引起的具有相同免疫病理学特征的慢性肾小球疾病,并以系膜区IgA沉积为免疫病理特征的自身免疫病.我们曾从IgA肾病病人血液中分离到Mpe。

Field of study: Biology
Ionic interactions in the formation of the thrombin-hirudin complex.

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to examine the importance of each of the acidic C-terminal residues of hirudin in the formation of its complex with alpha-thrombin. The contribution to binding energy of acidic residues in the 11 C-terminal amino acids varied from 2.3 to 5.9 kJ.mol-1. The differences between the contributions of individual residues were smaller than would be expected from the crystal structures of the thrombin-hirudin complex. In particular, the small effect (2.4 kJ.mol-1) for the replacement of Asp-55 was surprising in view of the two salt bridges made by this residue. The results of studies involving multiple mutations indicated that the additivity of the effects varied with the position of the mutation. Whereas the effect of mutations involving the glutamic acid residues at positions 61 and 62 were additive, non-additivity was observed with the glutamic acid residues at positions 57 and 58.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
H/D isotope effects in high temperature proton conductors

The atomic mass ratio of ca. 2 between deuterium and hydrogen is the highest for any pair of stable isotopes and results in significant and measurable H/D isotope effects in high temperature proton conductors containing these species. This paper discusses H/D isotope effects manifested in O–H/O–D vibration frequencies, the mobility of H+/D+ carriers, the kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of H2/D2, the solubilities of H2O/D2O and, finally, the spontaneous electromotive force that appears across H2/D2 cells with proton conducting electrolytes. Comparable work on tritium-exchanged materials is also discussed. The results highlight the usefulness of isotope effects in the study of high temperature proton conductors

Field of study: Materials science
The Effect of Parenting and Fathers Involvement in the Early Childhood Emotional Social Development Proses

This study aims to determine: 1) the influence of parenting and father’s involvement in the process of early education to the social development of children’s emotions; 2) the influence of social caring for children’s emotional development; 3) the effect of the father’s involvement in the process of early education to the development of children’s social emotions. This research uses quantitative methods through ex-facto research style. The authors use purposive sampling with 146 fathers and 146 children. The data were collected through questionnaires and observations: the questionnaires to collect data for parenting style and father involvement in the process of early education, while the observation sheets to determine the achievement of social emotional development of children observed. The results of this study indicate that the involvement of fathers in parenting and early education process have significant impact to children’s emotional development at the level of 0.651. The results also show a significant impact on the children’s social and emotional development to the level of 0.643. Therefore, the involvement of fathers in parenting and children’s early education effects significantly toward children’s social and emotional development at 0.477.  Child Development, Father Involvement, Parenting

Field of study: Education
Genomic Analysis of IgG Antibody Response to Common Pathogens in Commercial Sows in Health-Challenged Herds

Losses due to infectious diseases are one of the main factors affecting productivity in the swine industry, motivating the investigation of disease resilience-related traits for genetic selection. However, these traits are not expected to be expressed in the nucleus herds, where selection is performed. One alternative is to use information from the commercial level to identify and select nucleus animals genetically superior for coping with pathogen challenges. In this study, we analyzed the genetic basis of antibody (Ab) response to common infectious pathogens in health-challenged commercial swine herds as potential indicator traits for disease resilience, including Ab response to influenza A virus of swine (IAV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), porcine circovirus (PCV2), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP; different serotypes). Ab response was measured in blood at entry into gilt rearing, post-acclimation (∼40 days after entering the commercial herd), and parities 1 and 2. Heritability estimates for Ab response to IAV, MH, and PCV2 ranged from 0 to 0.76. Ab response to APP ranged from 0 to 0.40. The genetic correlation (rG) of Ab response to IAV with MH, PCV2, PRRSV, and APPmean (average Ab responses for all serotypes of APP) were positive (>0.29) at entry. APPmean was negatively correlated with PCV2 and MH at entry and parity 2 but positively correlated with MH at post-acclimation and parity 1. Genomic regions associated with Ab response to different APP serotypes were identified on 13 chromosomes. The region on chromosome 14 (2 Mb) was associated with several serotypes of APP, explaining up to 4.3% of the genetic variance of Ab to APP7 at entry. In general, genomic prediction accuracies for Ab response were low to moderate, except average Ab response to all infectious pathogens evaluated. These results suggest that genetic selection of Ab response in commercial sows is possible, but with variable success depending on the trait and the time-point of collection. Future work is needed to determine genetic correlations of Ab response with disease resilience, reproductive performance, and other production traits.

Field of study: Biology
Ascorbic acid in buffalo ovary in relation to oestrous cycle.

Concentration of ascorbic acid was determined in different parts of buffalo ovary at four different stages of oestrous cycle viz. early luteal, mid luteal, late luteal and follicular. The stages were decided from the physical and morphological examinations of corpora lutea. The ovary was dissected in three components viz. corpus luteum, follicular fluid and ovarian stromal tissue for ascorbic acid assay. Corpus luteum showed significant change in concentration of ascorbic acid with the advancement of oestrous cycle, value being highest in late- luteal stage. Follicular fluid and ovarian stromal tissue did not show significant changes in ascorbic acid at any stage of the oestrous cycle. Small follicles, irrespective of the stage of oestrous cycle had, however, significantly higher ascorbic acid content than large follicles.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Marine tourism in the face of global change:the resilience of enterprises to crises in Thailand and Australia

Marine-oriented nature-based tourism plays an important socio-economic role, and provides an incentive for conservation in many coastal regions. However, accelerating global change, and the associated socio-economic and political change may have severe consequences for marine tourism at the local level. Thus, understanding the ability of sectors within marine tourism to cope with, and adapt to, change is paramount. Private sector enterprises are key players in marine tourism and their capacity to adapt to change will vary across socio-economic and governance contexts. Thus, the resilience of these enterprises (their ability to adapt to, and continue to function under changing pressures and circumstances) is critical for the future of the marine tourism sector more broadly. This paper examines how socioeconomic and governance contexts influence the resilience of coral reef tourism enterprises in three settings: the formal and informal sector in Phuket, Thailand and enterprises on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Although there are differences between the three groups of enterprises, lifestyle factors, human capital, perceived reef condition, and government support are associated with the resilience of enterprises across all three groups. These findings suggest that policy-makers should consider enterprise lifestyle benefits, and that a nuanced understanding of marine tourism enterprises is required.

Field of study: Environmental science
Experimental comparison of two hot-wire techniques in supersonic flow

The performance of two constant-temperature normal hot-wire techniques for resolution of turbulent mass flux and local stagnation temperature in a supersonic flow is examined. The first technique used a single wire and the rapid scanning of multiple overheat ratios. Time averages of the signals at all overheats were used to separate the mean and rms mass flux, stagnation temperature, and their cross-correlation. The second technique used a dual-wire probe with each wire operated at different overheat ratios, giving instantaneous mass flux and stagnation temperature. In spite of a small separation distance (0.18 mm) between the wires in the dual-wire probe and high correlation between their signals, the rms mass flux inferred from the dual-wire technique was a factor of two higher than that from the single-wire technique. A consistency check based on data from one of the wires indicated that the dual-wire method produced results that were too high.

Field of study: Physics
Umbettung von Fossilien mit dem ursprünglichen Sediment. Mit Beispielen aus dem deutschen und australischen Paläozoikum

ZusammenfassungUmbettung von Fossilien mit noch unverfestigtem Sediment unter unvollständiger Aufbereitung kann zur schwer erkennbaren Mischung wesentlich verschieden alter Faunen führen. Mischung und Wiedereinbettung miozäner und rezenter Fauna wurde am Morsum-Kliff auf Sylt in allen Einzelheiten beobachtet. Als fossiles Beispiel wird das Zusammenvorkommen leitender Fossilien dreier Zonen des rheinischen Devon entsprechend gedeutet. Vermutlich ebenso aufzulösen ist die Gemeinschaft von Psilophyten der Tracht des oberen Unterdevon mit Unter-Ludlow-Graptolithen in Australien; bei Bestätigung entfiele das gotlandische Alter der ältesten Festland-Gefäßpflanzen. Oft läßt nur die phylogenetische Entwicklungsstufe von Fossilien Umlagerung zwingend erschließen und weittragende stratigraphische Fehlschlüsse vermeiden.

Field of study: Environmental science
Cross-Regulation of iNOS and COX-2 by its Products in Murine Macrophages Under Stress Conditions

Exposure of macrophages to heat shock induces rapid synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which are important for cell homeostasis. Prostaglandins (PGs) and nitric oxide (NO) are important cell regulatory molecules. We have therefore investigated the interactions between these molecules in the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 and in the mitochondrial activity of macrophages. Cultures of the murine macrophage cell line, J774, were exposed to heat shock (43°C, 30min) and stimulated with LPS (1 µg/ml), concomitantly or after 8h of cell recovery. NO production was measured by Griess reaction; PGE2 by ELISA; HSP70, iNOS and COX-2 by immunobloting; mitochondrial activity by MTT assay. Heat shock induced HSP70, but not iNOS or COX-2 whereas LPS induced iNOS and COX-2 but not HSP70. When heat shock and LPS were given concomitantly, iNOS but not COX-2 expression was reduced. When a period of 8h was given between heat shock and LPS stimulation, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2 and NO levels were significantly increased. Under these conditions, the expression of COX-2 was reduced by L-NAME (NO-synthesis inhibitor) and of iNOS by nimesulide (PGs-synthesis inhibitor). Such cross-regulation was not observed in cells at 37°C. These treatments significantly reduced MTT levels in cells at 37°C but not in cells submitted to heat shock. These results suggest that HSPs and cross-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 by their products might be of relevance in the control of cell homeostasis during stress conditions.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
[The efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late onset depression: the optimization of treatment duration].

To analyze possibilities of using different methods to increase the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late onset depression, in particular to increase treatment duration.



The study included 378patients, aged from 50 to 82 years (mean age 60.6±8.4). Patients were stratified into groups with short (4--8 weeks), moderate (12 weeks) and long (20-34 weeks) duration of psychopharmacotherapy.



Treatment effect was much lower after <8 weeks of treatment compared with that after 12 weeks (the comparison of these groups was not available because the initial samples were not). To the 24th week, 63.9% of the patients responded to treatment, 43.4% achieved remission. Partial response and stable positive dynamics to the 12th week (about ½ of the patients achieved remission) were predictors of response with treatment duration <24 weeks. Based on the results obtained, the authors developed algorithms for choosing treatment tactics in patients with late onset depression in dependence of the results of the first 12 weeks of psychopharmacotherapy.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A simple VLSI spherical particle-induced fault simulator: application to DRAM production process☆

A simple VLSI particle-induced fault simulator has been proposed where the mappings of the effect of particles to defects or to faults are modeled. The simulator allows us to predict the entire yield of VLSI and also to analyze the bottleneck processing step and faults. In the simulator, particles with spherical shape are generated in the production equipment for each VLSI processing step and are deposited on the wafer. The simulator accepts as inputs (a) layout description of the VLSI design under analysis in GDS II format, (b) production flow data, (c) planned layer thickness data, and (d) particle parameters for each production equipment. The predictor was applied to a 16-Mbit DRAM production process to show its validity.

Field of study: Engineering
Absolute phase map recovery of two fringe patterns with flexible selection of fringe wavelengths.

A novel approach is proposed to unwrap the phase maps of two fringe patterns in fringe pattern projection-based profilometry. In contrast to existing techniques, where spatial frequencies (i.e., the number of fringes on a pattern) of the two fringe patterns must be integers and coprime, the proposed method is applicable for any two fringe patterns with different fringe wavelengths (i.e., the number of pixels in a fringe) and thus provides more flexibility in the use of fringe patterns. Moreover, compared to the existing techniques, the proposed method is simpler in its implementation and has better antierror capability. Theoretical analysis and experiment results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of organophosphorus (dimethoate) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin) pesticides on semen characteristics in rabbits.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic treatment with two sublethal doses of Dimethoate (organo-phosphorus) or Deltamethrin (pyrethroid) on body weight and semen characteristics in adult male rabbits. Pesticide treatment resulted in a decline in body weight, libido, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and semen initial fructose; and an increase in abnormal and dead sperm and methylene blue reduction time. In this regard Dimethoate showed greater effects than Deltamethrin. The hazardous effect of these pesticides on semen quality continued during the post-treatment period, and was dose-dependent. This deleterious effect on sperm formation together with the decline in libido suggest a decrease in testosterone secretion by pesticide treatment.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Retention of Students’ Ability to Incorporate a Computer into Simulated Patient Encounters

To assess pharmacy students’ ability to incorporate laptop computers into simulated patient encounters (SPEs) in the second professional year (P2) and assess their ability to retain these skills into the next professional year. Students’ awareness and confidence in using computers was also assessed.  P2 students were surveyed about their awareness of and confidence in incorporating a computer into an SPE. Their performance using a computer in an SPE was evaluated using a blinded rubric. Next, they received formal education on this skill. Students then completed the same questionnaire and were evaluated on their ability to use a computer in another SPE. In the third year, they were evaluated using the same rubric on four activities and completed the same questionnaire at the end of each semester.  There were 166 students in the two cohorts. Of those, 158 students were evaluated using the rubric and 166 students completed the four questionnaires. Student performance improved from the pre-instruction activity evaluation (43% earned acceptable) to post-instruction (66% earned acceptable). This performance improvement was retained for four activities in the third year (80%, 85%, 79%, and 92% earning acceptable ratings, respectively). Students’ questionnaires reported an improved confidence incorporating a computer into the patient encounter after receiving formal instruction. This perception of improved confidence was maintained throughout the third year.  Student performance improved throughout three semesters of computer use during SPEs. Students felt more confident and knowledgeable about integrating a computer into an SPE after instruction.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Barley transcriptome analyses upon interaction with different aphid species identify thionins contributing to resistance

Aphids are phloem‐feeding insects that cause yield loss on a wide range of crops, including cereals such as barley. Whilst most aphid species are limited to one or few host species, some are able to reproduce on many plants belonging to different families. Interestingly, aphid probing behaviour can be observed on both host and non‐host species, indicating that interactions take place at the molecular level that may impact host range. Here, we aimed to gain insight into the interaction of barley with aphid species differing in their ability to infest this crop by analysing transcriptional responses. Firstly, we determined colonization efficiency, settlement and probing behaviour for the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi, Myzus persicae and Myzus cerasi, which defined host, poor‐host and non‐host interactions, respectively. Analyses of barley transcriptional responses revealed gene sets differentially regulated upon the different barley–aphid interactions and showed that the poor‐host interaction with M. persicae resulted in the strongest regulation of genes. Interestingly, we identified several thionin genes strongly up‐regulated upon interaction with M. persicae, and to a lesser extent upon R. padi interaction. Ectopic expression of two of these genes in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced host susceptibility to M. persicae, indicating that thionins contribute to defences against aphids.

Field of study: Environmental science
Fiber-optic temperature sensor based on interaction of temperature-dependent refractive index and absorption of germanium film.

The interaction of a large temperature-dependent refractive index and a temperature-dependent absorption of semiconductor materials at 1550 nm can be used to build a very sensitive, film coated fiber-optic temperature probe. We developed a sensor model for the optical fiber-germanium film sensor. A temperature sensitivity of reflectivity change of 0.0012/°C, corresponding to 0.1°C considering a moderate signal processing system, over 100°C within the temperature regime of -20°C to 120°C, has been demonstrated by experimental tests of the novel sensor. The potential sensitivity and further applications of the sensor are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Enhancement of lipid production using biochemical, genetic and transcription factor engineering approaches.

This paper compares three possible strategies for enhanced lipid overproduction in microalgae: the biochemical engineering (BE) approaches, the genetic engineering (GE) approaches, and the transcription factor engineering (TFE) approaches. The BE strategy relies on creating a physiological stress such as nutrient-starvation or high salinity to channel metabolic fluxes to lipid accumulation. The GE strategy exploits our understanding to the lipid metabolic pathway, especially the rate-limiting enzymes, to create a channelling of metabolites to lipid biosynthesis by overexpressing one or more key enzymes in recombinant microalgal strains. The TFE strategy is an emerging technology aiming at enhancing the production of a particular metabolite by means of overexpressing TFs regulating the metabolic pathways involved in the accumulation of target metabolites. Currently, BE approaches are the most established in microalgal lipid production. The TFE is a very promising strategy because it may avoid the inhibitive effects of the BE approaches and the limitation of "secondary bottlenecks" as commonly observed in the GE approaches. However, it is still a novel concept to be investigated systematically.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
The Role of Risk Culture in Enterprise Risk Management Implementation

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and risk culture academics and practitioners have argued that they are inherently related without empirical evidence. They continue to advocate for their implementation by firms to face the dynamic business environment with certainty. The lack of empirical evidence to underpin this relationship partly contributes to their fragmented implementation and the lack of proper attention to risk culture in ERM implementation. The challenge in measuring these two abstract concepts contributes to their dichotomous measures in the literature, with most studies concentrated in the developed economies. The study objective is to provide a comprehensive measurement of the two constructs and empirically determine their relationship in the less-researched context of Africa. The study results empirically confirm risk culture and ERM to have a significant positive relationship. A firm's size and financial leverage were found to be significant determinants for ERM implementation, whereas capital opacity, financial slack, and board composition are not. Organizational leaders are advised by the study not to treat risk culture and ERM as substitutes but as complements. A sound risk culture provides a solid base for ERM implementation. Risk culture should be managed and developed in full alignment with the risk appetite and the ERM framework to improve organizational performance. These shall enable the promotion of a risk-aware culture and ingraining risk-related measures into performance management that help drive the organization forward. The constructs measures presented in the study can be used by academics and risk practitioners to determine the level of risk culture and ERM implementation in organizations.

Field of study: Business