nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mikoriza dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Setek Sambung

Untuk menghasilkan bibit kopi yang unggul selain melalui pembiakan vegetative juga dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi lingkungan tumbuh bibit tanaman kopi misalnya dengan menggunakan inoculum jamur mikoriza yang diinokulasi ke media tanam tanaman. Mikoriza merupakan asosiasi antara tumbuhan dan jamur yang hidup dalam tanah. Miselium mikoriza dapat memperluas kontak area tanah dan akar tanaman, sehingga mampu meningkatkan serapan hara dan air. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan mempergunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu M0 (tanpa pemberian mikoriza); M1 (20 g/tan); M2 (40 g/tan); M3 (60 g/tan) yang diulang 5 kali. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat keefektifan mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi hasil setek sambung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pemberian mikoriza pada media tanam tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap parameter jumlah daun, bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman bibit kopi. Kecenderungan yang tampak adalah perlakuan pemberian mikoriza memberikan hasil pengamatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman control. Setek sambung, Pembibitan, Mikoriza, Kopi

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Fundamentals of protein stability

Protein stability is quantitatively described by the standard Gibbs energy change, AG:, involved in unfolding the unique, three dimensional structure to randomly coiled polypeptide chains. However, for construction of new proteins or improving stability of existing proteins knowledge of the overall AG: is not sufficient. Rather it is desirable to have parameters at hand that permit estimates of the various contributions to stability of individual interactions resulting from amino acid replacements. This presentation refers to some basic experiments and summarizes the present picture of principal forces governing protein stability.

Field of study: Chemistry
Overexpression of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 1 Promotes the Neuronal Differentiation of C17.2 Neural Stem Cells

To investigate the role and mechanism of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in the regulation and differentiation of C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs).  In this study, lentiviral (LV)-SOCS1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was constructed and transfected into C17.2 NSCs. There were three groups of C17.2 NSCs: LV-SOCS1-EGFP, LV-EGFP, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), nestin, and β-tubulin III in C17.2 NSCs were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and western blot. In addition, the phosphorylation level of Jaks/Stats family members in C17.2 NSCs were analyzed by western blot. Moreover, the morphological changes of C17.2 NSCs after transfection were observed by light microscopy.  The gene expression of MAP2 increased significantly and the gene expression of nestin decreased significantly in C17.2 NSCs transfected with LV-SOCS1-EGFP. Some C17.2 NSCs underwent prominent neuronal morphological changes and expressed β-tubulin III after LV-SOCS1-EGFP transfection. The number of positive cells for β-tubulin III immunocytochemical staining and β-tubulin III protein expression in C17.2 NSCs after LV-SOCS1-EGFP transfection were both more than those after LV-EGFP transfection or PBS treatment. The phosphorylation levels of Jak2 and Stat3 but not Jak3 in C17.2 NSCs were inhibited by SOCS1 overexpression.  Overexpression of SOCS1 in C17.2 NSCs promotes the generation of neurons, which is likely mediated by the negative feedback inhibition of Jak2 and Stat3. This study is the first to provide evidence that SOCS1 is involved in the regulation of neurogenesis.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Hydrodynamics of interconnected fluidized beds for chemical-looping combustion

The hydrodynamics of an interconnected fluidized bed(circulating bed and spouted bed)with CaSO4 oxygen carriers(dp= 0.6 mm)was investigated experimentally.Based on vertical pressure distribution,two zones of different flow regimes(bubbling zone and fast fluidization zone)in the circulating bed(air reactor)and three zones of different flow regimes(spouting zone,bubbling zone,and freeboard)in the spouted bed(fuel reactor)were found to exist.The effects of fluidizing and spouting gas velocities on gas leakage,solids circulating rate and pressure drop were studied.On the basis of experiments,reasonable operation parameters were recommended,which can be used as a reference for further study.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Disorder-induced order in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates.

We propose and analyze a general mechanism of disorder-induced order in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, analogous to corresponding effects established for XY spin models. We show that a random Raman coupling induces a relative phase of pi/2 between the two BECs and that the effect is robust. We demonstrate it in one, two, and three dimensions at T=0 and present evidence that it persists at small T>0. Applications to phase control in ultracold spinor condensates are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Evaluation of a Tabletop Emergency Preparedness Exercise for Pharmacy Students

To describe the implementation and effect of an emergency preparedness laboratory activity on student knowledge, willingness to participate in emergency preparedness training, current level of preparedness, and the importance of a pharmacist’s role in disaster response.  Second-year pharmacy students in the infectious disease module participated in a laboratory activity based on a basic disaster response tabletop exercise format. Three case-based scenarios involving infectious diseases were created by participating faculty members. Assessment. Surveys before and after the laboratory were used to assess the activity’s effect on student knowledge, willingness to participate in emergency preparedness training, current level of preparedness, and the importance of a pharmacist’s role in disaster response. In addition, the postsurvey assessed student perceptions of the activity’s success at accomplishing faculty-specified outcomes from Appendix B of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education’s (ACPE) Standards.  Implementation of an emergency response laboratory activity may improve overall students’ knowledge of, confidence in, and understanding of their role as pharmacists in an emergency response, while incorporating a variety of skills and knowledge outcomes.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Influence of temporal context on value in the multiple-chains and successive-encounters procedures.

This set of studies explored the influence of temporal context across multiple-chain and multiple-successive-encounters procedures. Following training with different temporal contexts, the value of stimuli sharing similar reinforcement schedules was assessed by presenting these stimuli in concurrent probes. The results for the multiple-chain schedule indicate that temporal context does impact the value of a conditioned reinforcer consistent with delay-reduction theory, such that a stimulus signaling a greater reduction in delay until reinforcement has greater value. Further, nonreinforced stimuli that are concurrently presented with the preferred terminal link also have greater value, consistent with value transfer. The effects of context on value for conditions with the multiple-successive-encounters procedure, however, appear to depend on whether the search schedule or alternate handling schedule was manipulated, as well as on whether the tested stimuli were the rich or lean schedules in their components. Overall, the results help delineate the conditions under which temporal context affects conditioned-reinforcement value (acting as a learning variable) and the conditions under which it does not (acting as a performance variable), an issue of relevance to theories of choice.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Effect of conduction band non-parabolicity on the optical gain of quantum cascade lasers based on the effective two-band finite difference method

We theoretically investigate the effect of conduction band non-parabolicity (NPB) on the optical gain spectrum of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) using the effective two-band finite difference method. Based on the effective two-band model to consider the NPB effect in the multiple quantum wells (QWs), the wave functions and confined energies of electron states are calculated in two different active-region structures, which correspond to three-QW single-phonon and four-QW double-phonon resonance designs. In addition, intersubband optical dipole moments and polar-optical-phonon scattering times are calculated and compared without and with the conduction band NPB effect. Finally, the calculation results of optical gain spectra are compared in the two QCL structures having the same peak gain wavelength of 8.55 μm. The gain peaks are greatly shifted to longer wavelengths and the overall gain magnitudes are slightly reduced when the NPB effect is considered. Compared with the three-QW active-region design, the redshift of the peak gain is more prominent in the four-QW active-region design, which makes use of higher electronic states for the lasing transition.

Field of study: Materials science
Light-shift-induced quantum gates for ions in thermal motion.

An effective interaction between trapped ions in thermal motion can be generated by illuminating them simultaneously with a single laser resonant with the ionic carrier frequency. The ac Stark shift induces simultaneous "virtual" two-phonon transitions via several motional modes. Within a certain laser intensity range these transitions can interfere constructively, resulting in a relatively fast, heating-resistant two-qubit logic gate.

Field of study: Physics
Meta-Learning for Time Series Forecasting Ensemble

Amounts of historical data collected increase together with business intelligence applicability and demands for automatic forecasting of time series. While no single time series modeling method is universal to all types of dynamics, forecasting using ensemble of several methods is often seen as a compromise. Instead of fixing ensemble diversity and size we propose to adaptively predict these aspects using meta-learning. Meta-learning here considers two separate random forest regression models, built on 390 time series features, to rank 22 univariate forecasting methods and to recommend ensemble size. Forecasting ensemble is consequently formed from methods ranked as the best and forecasts are pooled using either simple or weighted average (with weight corresponding to reciprocal rank). Proposed approach was tested on 12561 micro-economic time series (expanded to 38633 for various forecasting horizons) of M4 competition where meta-learning outperformed Theta and Comb benchmarks by relative forecasting errors for all data types and horizons. Best overall results were achieved by weighted pooling with symmetric mean absolute percentage error of 9.21% versus 11.05% obtained using Theta method.

Field of study: Computer science
Source-pathway-receptor investigation of the fate of trace elements derived from shotgun pellets discharged in terrestrial ecosystems managed for game shooting.

Spent shotgun pellets may contaminate terrestrial ecosystems. We examined the fate of elements originating from shotgun pellets in pasture and woodland ecosystems. Two source-receptor pathways: i) soil-soil pore water-plant and ii) whole earthworm/worm gut contents--washed and unwashed small mammal hair were investigated. Concentrations of Pb and associated contaminants were higher in soils from shot areas than controls. Arsenic and lead concentrations were positively correlated in soils, soil pore water and associated biota. Element concentrations in biota were below statutory levels in all locations. Bioavailability of lead to small mammals, based on concentrations in washed body hair was low. Lead movement from soil water to higher trophic levels was minor compared to lead adsorbed onto body surfaces. Lead was concentrated in earthworm gut and some plants. Results indicate that managed game shooting presents minimal risk in terms of element transfer to soils and their associated biota.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Decline of the Hacienda in Cochabamba, Bolivia: The Case of the Sacaba Valley, 1870-1929

S TUDIES of the rural sector in Latin America in both the colonial and national periods have focused on the hacienda and plantation, concerning tenure, land use, and labor relations. The literature on Bolivia is no exception. The two most important themes studied have been the expansion of the hacienda at the expense of Indian lands and the decline of commercial agriculture as a consequence of changes in commercial circuits in the southern Andean region. The official version of Bolivian history as formulated by the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) political party maintains that the land reform program initiated by that party in 1953 destroyed the feudal hacienda and restructured land tenure in the country, an interpretation which finds general acceptance in Bolivia, especially among scholars who argue that the hacienda expanded at the end of the nineteenth century. Recent studies have examined changing patterns of land tenure in different parts of Bolivia during the late colonial period and in the years after about 1870, showing that in most regions latifundio expanded at the expense of the land base of the corporate Indian communities. In the altiplano (La Paz and Oruro departments), the rapid growth of the cities of La Paz and Oruro in the period 1900-20, following the Federal Revolution (1899), together with the expansion of tin mining created an increasing demand for foodstuffs. Improvements in internal transportation with the construction of roads and railroads linked new areas in the altiplano to the growing urban markets, and made the acquisition of relatively cheap but fertile Indian lands close to the roads and railroad lines attractive to members of the urban oligarchy.' Erwin Grieshaber has documented the

Field of study: History
Effects of Individuating Information on the Generalization Part of Allport's Contact Hypothesis

According to Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis, positive contact with a member of a negatively stereotyped group might ameliorate negative attitudes not only toward the specific member but also toward the group as a whole (generalization). In a direct empirical test of theoretical suggestions that individuating information might decrease the generalization part of the contact hypothesis, students learned material cooperatively with a "homosexual" confederate. To illustrate the material, the confederate used either impersonal or personal analogies. Students in the two conditions liked the confederate equally, but students who received personal analogies were less likely to ameliorate their attitudes toward homosexuals. The discussion addresses factors that might reduce the cognitive association between a group member and his or her group.

Field of study: Psychology
The Effect of Food Supplementation Program on Anthropometry, Hematology, and Parasites of Primary School Children

Food supplementation is problem solving efforts during multidimensional crisis.  This research was carried to evaluate further the advantages of the food supplementation in the primary school children towards their physical development and health status.  Students with completely participation on these research and their parents agreed to informed consent were taken as inclusion criteria. The subjects of this experiment were sixth grade school children and divided into 2 groups i.e 25 control and 31 treated groups. The treatment group was given food supplementation consisting of one boiled egg and one glass of green-peas porridge (220 ml) each, three times a week for 10 weeks, whereas the control group was not given any. Observations were carried out five times: at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 13 weeks. The results were analized by the Student-t test.  The results showed significant increases in body weights (p0.05) between control and treatment groups neither for the boys nor girls. And until the last week faeces samples, it is never detected the situation where it is free from worm investation and protozoa infection either for control or treatment group.  The food supplementation was apparently adequate to meet the optimal caloric and proteins requirements of these children, so that could improve physical development and health status as shown by the increased anthropometric measurements, decreasing parasite infection and steady hematological picture.  food supplementation - anthropometry - hematology - parasites - primary school children

Field of study: Medicine
Late Paleocene radiolarian fauna from Tibet and its geological implications

A diverse, abundant, and well-preserved radiolarian fauna in Jiazhu, Zhongba County of Tibet, in the western sector of Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone, is assigned to a late Paleocene radiolarian zone, the Buryella pentadica interval zone, spanning 59 -56.5 Ma. Regionally, a late Paleocene basalt block in the bathyal-abyssal siliceous mudstone and graywacke yielded an age of 59.1 Ma (zircon SHRIMP U-Pb). The late Paleocene radiolarian fauna, the tectonic attribution of the radiolarian cherts and the basalt block indicate that oceanic crust persisted in the Zhongba area until the late Paleocene and the initial collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates post-dates the late Paleocene. It is inferred that the Neo-Tethys transformed into a remnant oceanic basin in the late Paleocene, at the terminal stage of the oceanic crust subduction, and the closure of the remnant oceanic basin in the studied region took place after the late Paleocene. In contrast to the previous investigations, we suggest that there was a remnant oceanic basin to the west of the Saga area and a foreland basin to the east of Saga in southern Tibet during the late Paleocene. We argue that the closure of the Neo- Tethys progressed from east to west.  Une faune de radiolaires variee, abondante et bien preservee aJiazhu, comte de Zhongba (Tibet), dans le secteur ouest de la zone de suture de Yarlung Zangbo, est affectee aune zone aradiolaires du Paleocene tardif, la zone de

Field of study: Environmental science
The trade policy agenda. by Fred Robins

tag=1 data=The trade policy agenda. by Fred Robins

tag=2 data=Robins, Fred

tag=3 data=Australian Journal of Public Administration,

tag=4 data=51

tag=5 data=2

tag=6 data=June 1992

tag=7 data=207-213.

tag=8 data=TRADE

tag=10 data=The purpose of this paper is to explore the manner in which Australian policy in matters of international trade is set.

tag=11 data=1992/4/11

tag=12 data=92/0704

tag=13 data=CAB

Field of study: Political science
Jurassic ash-flow sheets, calderas, and related intrusions of the Cordilleran volcanic arc in southeastern Arizona: Implications for regional tectonics and ore deposits

Volcanologic, petrologic, and paleomagnetic studies of widespread Jurassic ash-flow sheets in the Huachuca-southern Dragoon Mountains area have led to identification of four large source calderas and associated comagmatic intracaldera intrusions. Stratigraphic, facies, and contact features of the caldera-related tuffs also provide constraints on the locations, lateral displacements, and very existence for some major northwest-trending faults and inferred regional thrusts in south-eastern Arizona. For example, the intricate Cochise thrust system, as mapped by others in the southern Dragoon Mountains, consists instead of primary depositional contacts within caldera-fill megabreccia, and the inferred regional thrusts do not exist, at least as previously interpreted. Silicic alkalic compositions of the Jurassic caldera-related, ash-flow tuffs; bimodal associated mafic magmatism; and interstratified coarse sedimentary deposits provide evidence for synvolcanic extension and rifting within the Cordilleran magmatic arc. Gold-copper mineralization is associated with subvolcanic intrusions at several of the Jurassic calderas.

Field of study: Geology
A Study of the LCMV and MVDR Noise Reduction Filters

In real-world environments, the signals captured by a set of microphones in a speech communication system are mixtures of the desired signal, interference, and ambient noise. A promising solution for proper speech acquisition (with reduced noise and interference) in this context consists in using the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer to reject the interference, reduce the overall mixture energy, and preserve the target signal. The minimum variance distortionless response beamformer (MVDR) is also commonly known to reduce the interference-plus-noise energy without distorting the desired signal. In either case, it is of paramount importance to accurately quantify the achieved noise and interference reduction. Indeed, it is quite reasonable to ask, for instance, about the price that has to be paid in order to achieve total removal of the interference without distorting the target signal when using the LCMV. Besides, it is fundamental to understand the effect of the MVDR on both noise and interference. In this correspondence, we investigate the performance of the MVDR and LCMV beamformers when the interference and ambient noise coexist with the target source. We demonstrate a new relationship between both filters in which the MVDR is decomposed into the LCMV and a matched filter (MVDR solution in the absence of interference). Both components are properly weighted to achieve maximum interference-plus-noise reduction. We investigate the performance of the MVDR, LCMV, and matched filters and elaborate new closed-form expressions for their output signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We theoretically demonstrate the tradeoff that has to be made between noise reduction and interference rejection. In fact, the total removal of the interference may severely amplify the residual ambient noise. Conversely, totally focussing on noise reduction leads to increased level of residual interference. The proposed study is finally supported by several numerical examples.

Field of study: Engineering
Insulator-to-conducting transition in dense fluid helium.

By combining diamond-anvil-cell and laser-driven shock wave techniques, we produced dense He samples up to 1.5 g/cm(3) at temperatures reaching 60 kK. Optical measurements of reflectivity and temperature show that electronic conduction in He at these conditions is temperature-activated (semiconducting). A fit to the data suggests that the mobility gap closes with increasing density, and that hot dense He becomes metallic above approximately 1.9 g/cm(3). These data provide a benchmark to test models that describe He ionization at conditions found in astrophysical objects, such as cold white dwarf atmospheres.

Field of study: Physics
Low activation energies in superionic glasses in the 4.2–77 K temperature region

The peaks in the ultrasonic attenuation observed in AgI-doped superionic glasses at temperatures higher than 77 K have always been explained in terms of classical, thermally activated, relaxation processes due to silver ions which are mobile in the glassy matrix. Here we complete an ultrasonic study with the loss characteristics and sound velocity in “binary” (Ag 2 O· n B 2 O 3 ) and “ternary” [(AgI) x (Ag 2 O· n B 2 O 3 ) 1 − x ] glasses in the 4.2–77 K temperature region. In such a way we obtain useful information about defects having low activation energy.

Field of study: Materials science