nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Walrasian Social Choice

The purpose of this paper is: (i) to amend a result of Gevers [Walrasian social choice: Some simple axiomatic approaches, in "Social Choice and Public Decision Making: Essays in Honor of K. J. Arrow" (Heller et al., Eds.), Vol. 1,  1986] on Walrasian social choice, and (ii) to characterize Walrasian allocations in terms of social choice axioms when the number of agents grows infinitely large in Debreu–Scarf′s fashion. Based on Debreu–Scarf′s core convergence theorem, we prove the Walras rule is the only rule satisfying the Core property, Non-discrimination, Generalized Monotonicity, and Local Decisiveness. Journal of Economic Literature

Field of study: Economics
Management of the surgical newborn: physiological foundations and practical considerations.

The unique physiological changes that occur at birth and the adaptations that come in the first weeks of life profoundly affect the clinical management of the surgical newborn patient. The newborn has adaptive challenges that have to be met at birth: (a) establish a functional residual capacity and breathe; (b) change from a fetal to a newborn circulatory circuit; (c) change from fetal hemoglobin to hemoglobin A; (d) sustain a heart rate dependent cardiac output; (e) maintain normal body temperature; establish renal function and regulate postnatal body fluid composition; (f) establish hepatic function; and (g) maintain normal vital signs. Classical physiological studies of the last century describe the physiological basis of these adaptive tasks, and support practical considerations that we follow in clinical practice.

Field of study: Medicine
Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of phosphoglucose isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.

The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase catalyses the reversible isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. The phosphoglucose isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which shows no sequence similarity to any known bacterial or eukaryotic phosphoglucose isomerase, has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and subsequently crystallized by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion using 1.6 M sodium citrate as the precipitant at pH 6.5. Multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersive X-ray data have been collected to a maximum resolution of 1.92 A on a single selenomethionine-incorporated crystal. This crystal belongs to space group C2, with approximate unit-cell parameters a = 84.7, b = 42.4, c = 57.3 A, beta = 120.6 degrees and a monomer in the asymmetric unit.

Field of study: Chemistry
Media self-discipline in the dilemma of media sports aberration

By looking into such phenomena currently existing in media sport in China as faking,over entertaining,and constant over publicizing,the author considered that media self-discipline is important to contain media sports aberration,and drew the following conclusions: uplifting the professional ethics of the practitioners is the founda-tion;strengthening the business accomplishments of the practitioners is the precondition;standardizing the internal management mechanism of news media is the assurance;widely implementing social monitoring is the main chan-nel for media self-discipline.

Field of study: Education
Podocyte expression of MHC class I and II and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in experimental pauci‐immune crescentic glomerulonephritis

We examined immunopathological changes of podocytes in vivo which, based on in vitro studies, are thought to be relevant for the pathogenesis of renal diseases. We investigated the alterations of podocytes in local inflammation in a recently developed model of pauci‐immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) in the rat. Frozen and plastic embedded kidney sections at different time points of the disease were incubated with antibodies directed to MHC class I, MHC class II, ICAM‐1 and to relevant cytokines. Strong glomerular expression of MHC class I. II and ICAM‐1 was found within 4 days, and plastic embedded sections clearly demonstrated increased cell membrane staining of podocytes. Increased glomerular interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) was detected within 24 h of induction of NCGN. and IL‐IβT and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were found from day 4. The potency of these cytokines to induce adhesion molecules on podocytes was investigated on rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro. By using IACS analysis and electron microscopical techniques, we found that the in vivo expression of MHC class I, II and ICAM‐I by podocytes could in vivo be simulated by IFN‐γ IFN‐α weakly induced MHC class I. while IL‐Iβ and TNF‐α were ineffective. We hypothesize that podocytes in this in vivo model are important to maintain the local inflammatory process in the glomerulus by expression of relevant adhesion molecules and MHC molecules upon stimulation with specific cytokines.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Understanding Magic Numbers in Neutron-Rich Nuclei by Tensor Blocking Mechanism

A new paradigm for nuclear structure that includes blocking effects of tensor interactions is proposed. All of the recently discovered magic numbers (N=6, 14, 16, 32 and 34) in neutron-rich nuclei can be explained by the blocking effects. A large amount of binding energy is gained by high-momentum correlated pairs of nucleons produced by the tensor interaction. Such tensor correlations strongly depend on the configuration space available for exciting nucleons to 2p-2h states. When additional neutrons occupy a new orbital, the previously available configuration may be lost, resulting in a sudden loss of binding energy otherwise gained by the 2p-2h excitations. Such tensor blocking effects enlarge the energy gaps at all observed new magic numbers. Tensor blocking also explains consistently the observed peculiar configurations of neutron-rich nuclei at the borders of shells.

Field of study: Physics
Risk Management and Preventive Measures of Engineering Economy

With the continuous expansion of the scale of construction projects, project risk management is becoming more and more important, especially the economic management risk as the focus of risk management has been more and more attention. From the engineering project, feasibility study, design, bidding, analysis of project bidding and construction stages of economic system risk, economic risk analysis and management of the project extends to the project proposal, feasibility study and economic risk of engineering project phase, occurrence regularity and control technique, and put forward the preventive measures and suggestions, provide the reference for the engineering project risk management and engineering economy.

Field of study: Engineering
Victorian probability and Lewis Carroll

In the controversial application of inverse probability reasoning, the prior probability of a hypothesis or cause is modified on the basis of an experimental observation to a posterior probability. A contentious issue is the probabilistic expression of prior belief, especially of prior ignorance, which impinges on the nature of probability. The probability work of Todhunter, Crofton and Cook Wilson spans the period from 1876, the expressed beginning of C. L. Dodgson's interest in this issue, to 1893 when Lewis Carroll's Pillow Problems appeared. The present study amplifies the connections and broadens the study of Victorian probability in its social milieu by bringing to light less-studied sources.

Field of study: Mathematics
The construction and expression of tumor-targeting fusion protein RGD-hIL-24 and the study of its in vitro anti-tumor activity

目的 构建靶向性抗肿瘤融合蛋白RGD-hIL-24,并对其体外抗肿瘤效应和肿瘤靶向性进行初步研究.方法 利用PCR技术将GRGDS序列融合至hIL-24的N端,并将融合基因连接至表达载体pET-22b后,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)内进行表达.亲和层析法纯化RGD-hIL-24,复性后采用MTT比色法、荧光染色分析其体外抗肿瘤活性,并通过细胞黏附实验评价其肿瘤靶向性.结果 获得RGD-hIL-24基因,序列分析正确.SDS-PAGE和Western blot证明融合基因在大肠杆菌表达相对分子质量(Mr)约为20×103的RGD-hIL-24,占全菌蛋白的26.47%,主要以包涵体形式存在.纯化后的蛋白纯度达90%以上.复性后的RGD-hIL-24能够诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡,显著抑制其生长,并具有肿瘤靶向性.结论 大肠杆菌成功表达RGD-hIL-24融合蛋白,体外实验证实RGD-hIL-24具有显著的抗肿瘤活性和肿瘤靶向性,为其在体内抗肿瘤效应和靶向性研究奠定了基础。

Field of study: Biology
Reliable broadcast with trusted nodes: Energy reduction, resilience, and speed

Broadcast is an important primitive in large-scale distributed systems. One application is to enable reliable and efficient communication in large-scale networks such as sensor networks and Internet-of-Things. There is a rich study on achieving reliable broadcast under various kind of failures. In this paper, we use the notion of “trust” to improve the performance of reliable broadcast. We focus on Certified Propagation Algorithm (CPA), one of the simple algorithms that does not rely on a cryptographic infrastructure and has a proven guarantee on resilience (number of node failures tolerated). Specifically, the paper has two main contributions: (i) A new algorithm Trust-CPA – which integrates CPA with trusted nodes – has been proposed and shown to increase the resilience from the original CPA, and (ii) Natural optimization problems related to Trust-CPA have been proposed and studied as well. First, we study the location to place trusted nodes to reduce power consumption while maintaining the same level of resilience. Second, we study two optimizations problems on finding out which set of nodes to “trustify” to increase resilience and reduce speed. For the speed-related optimization problem, we present a greedy heuristic algorithm, and its efficacy has been examined using simulation. We show that our algorithm performs relatively well in geometric random graphs, an appropriate model for large-scale wireless sensor networks.

Field of study: Computer science
Major-element geochemistry of the Noranda volcanic belt, Quebec-Ontario

The results of detailed mapping and sampling of two sections of Blake River Group volcanic rocks in the Noranda, Quebec region are presented and discussed. The Duparquet section, west of Lac Duparquet, crosses the north limb of a regional synclinorium where the assemblage is more than 40 000 ft thick. Continuity in upper levels of the succession is disrupted by folds, and the relative stratigraphic position of a sequence south of the folds near the synclinorium axis is uncertain but is interpreted as younger. The base of the section is the Porcupine-Destor fault. A subordinate section 40 miles to the east comprises a 12 500-ft thick assemblage overlying Kewagama sediments. Both sections were sampled at 400–500 ft stratigraphic intervals. The samples were analyzed for major elements by X-ray fluorescence and rapid chemical methods and the results checked by classical chemical analyses.Basalts and andesites are predominant rock types. Acidic volcanic rocks, prominent in assemblages a few miles east of the D...

Field of study: Environmental science
Purines, pyrimidines, and condensed systems based on these compounds. 13. Transformation of fervenuli-1-oxide to 8-alkylaminotheophyllines under the action of alkylamines

Fervenulin-1-oxide undergoes reactions with secondary alkylamines in which the triazine ring is ruptured and 8-alkylaminotheophyllines are formed. The final product of the interaction of fervenulin-1-oxide with primary amines or with liquid ammonia is 1,3-dimethyl-5-imino-6-hydroximinouracil.

Field of study: Chemistry
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF MULTI-TYPE SENSOR BASED ON SENSITIVITY FOR PLATE STRUCTURES

Damage identification based on multi-type sensor data integration have been received more attention in structural health monitoring field. Furthermore, the effect of damage diagnosis based on multi-type sensor data integration depends on the optimal sensor placement for multi-type sensor data integration. Therefore, in the paper, an innovative optimal sensor placement based on sensitivity is proposed for damage identification to determine the number and locations of three kinds of sensors including accelerometers, Fiber Brag Gauges(FBG), and piezoelectric(PZT) sensors on plate-like structure monitoring. With considering the boundary effect and uncertainty caused by environment, the sensitivity-based object function is established to evaluate minimum sensor number of accelerometers, FBG and PZT, respectively, for the equivalent identification solution. Then the optimal locations and number for three kinds of sensors are calculated. Finally, simulations of fixed-supported steel thin plate-like structure are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of optimal sensor placement.

Field of study: Engineering
Assessing the impact of a short-term service-learning clinical experience on the development of professional behaviors of student physical therapists: A pilot study

As with most health care provider education programs, physical therapy programs seek ways to develop professional behaviors of students. This study describes the integration of a one-week service-learning experience into an existing clinical internship. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed between groups of students who participated in the experience, expressed a desire to participate but were unable to, and those who did not wish to participate. Results suggest that engaging in, as well as the desire to engage in, a servicelearning project for under-served members of our community is associated with professional behavior development from students’ and clinical preceptors’ perspectives.

Field of study: Education
Simple algorithm for adaptive refinement of three-dimensional finite element tetrahedral meshes

A simple strategy to adaptively refine three-dimensional tetrahedral meshes has been implemented. The procedure adaptively refines a crude initial mesh using solution error indicators or other suitable measures. In this paper example problems were remeshed using a refinement ratio determined from an a posteriori error indicator obtained from the finite element solution or the problem. The resulting finite element meshes are round to have a smooth gradient in element size. Aspect ratios are calculated to determine the quality or each element, and a smoothing procedure is employed to improve the element aspect ratio. Example meshes are included to show the adaptive nature or the remesher when applied over several solution cycles

Field of study: Physics
Do predictions from Species Sensitivity Distributions match with field data?

Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) is a statistical model that can be used to predict effects of contaminants on biological communities, but only few comparisons of this model with field studies have been conducted so far. In the present study we used measured pesticides concentrations from streams in Germany, France, and Finland, and we used SSD to calculate msPAF (multiple substance potentially affected fraction) values based on maximum toxic stress at localities. We compared these SSD-based predictions with the actual effects on stream invertebrates quantified by the SPEARpesticides bioindicator. The results show that the msPAFs correlated well with the bioindicator, however, the generally accepted SSD threshold msPAF of 0.05 (5% of species are predicted to be affected) severely underestimated the observed effects (msPAF values causing significant effects are 2-1000-times lower). These results demonstrate that validation with field data is required to define the appropriate thresholds for SSD predictions.

Field of study: Environmental science
Women in Twentieth-Century Literature: A Jungian View (review)

critic. Her approach here, although still in the Jungian spirit, eludes easy labels. Her citations show her supplementation of Jung by Ernest Becker, D. W. Winnicott, Enid Balint, Margaret Mahler, Dorothy Dinnerstein, and Alice Miller. She turns also to the work of Shirley and Edwin Ardener, Victor Turner, and Mary Douglas to shape a theory of social/symbolic space. For feminist theory she recurs to Adrienne Rich, Annis Pratt, Mary Daly, Julia Kristeva, Helene Cixous, and Carol GilliganÂ—about as catholic a list as is possible. Having cast her net wide for inspiration, Roberta Rubenstein succeeds in delivering a study of contemporary women's fiction that illuminates the ways in which women in different cultural situations experience and transform the boundaries of the self.

Field of study: Art
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of wild Tiger's milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) collected from Pahang, Malaysia and its nutritional value and toxic metal content

Tiger’s Milk mushroom has been used for medicinal purposes by local aborigines to treat asthma, breast cancer, cough, fever and food poisoning. Molecular phylogenetic analysis utilizing RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit (RPB2) gene, identified the wild Tiger’s Milk mushrooms collected from the state of Pahang in Malaysia for this study as Lignosus rhinocerus in the order Polyporales. The tuber, stipe and pileus of this mushroom were analyzed for their basic nutritional composition (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and toxic metal content profile (Cadmium, Lead and Mercury). The moisture content of these mushroom parts varied from 32.22% (pileus) – 46.31% (stipe). The dry matter of the mushrooms contained 2.76% (stipe) – 6.60% (pileus) proteins, 0.21% (pileus) – 0.30% (tuber) fat, 1.76% (stipe) – 4.38% (tuber) ash and 38.47% (stipe) – 56.30% (pileus) carbohydrates. The toxic metal content of the mushroom samples ranged from 0.03–0.12 mg/kg for Cd, 0.80–1.94 mg/kg for Pb and 0.05– 0.10 mg/kg for Hg. The present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus is a potential source of food due to its high carbohydrate content. In addition, the trace levels of toxic metals in this mushroom are within the safe level for consumption.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
High-resolution wide-angle X-ray scattering of protein solutions: effect of beam dose on protein integrity.

Wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns from proteins in solution contain information relevant to the determination of protein fold. At relevant scattering angles, however, these data are weak, and the degree to which they might be used to categorize the fold of a protein is unknown. Preliminary work has been performed at the BioCAT insertion-device beamline at the Advanced Photon Source which demonstrates that one can collect X-ray scattering data from proteins in solution to spacings of at least 2.2 A (q = 2.8 A(-1)). These data are sensitive to protein conformational states, and are in good agreement with the scattering predicted by the program CRYSOL using the known three-dimensional atomic coordinates of the protein. An important issue in the exploitation of this technique as a tool for structural genomics is the extent to which the high intensity of X-rays available at third-generation synchrotron sources chemically or structurally damage proteins. Various data-collection protocols have been investigated demonstrating conditions under which structural degradation of even sensitive proteins can be minimized, making this technique a viable tool for protein fold categorization, the study of protein folding, unfolding, protein-ligand interactions and domain movement.

Field of study: Physics
Fighting Accounting Fraud Through Forensic Data Analytics

Accounting fraud is a global concern representing a significant threat to the financial system stability due to the resulting diminishing of the market confidence and trust of regulatory authorities. Several tricks can be used to commit accounting fraud, hence the need for non-static regulatory interventions that take into account different fraudulent patterns. Accordingly, this study aims to improve the detection of accounting fraud via the implementation of several machine learning methods to better differentiate between fraud and non-fraud companies, and to further assist the task of examination within the riskier firms by evaluating relevant financial indicators. Out-of-sample results suggest there is a great potential in detecting falsified financial statements through statistical modelling and analysis of publicly available accounting information. The proposed methodology can be of assistance to public auditors and regulatory agencies as it facilitates auditing processes, and supports more targeted and effective examinations of accounting reports.

Field of study: Computer science
Kinetics and fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotopes during the solid-phase transformation of biogenic aragonite to calcite: The effect of organic matter

The phase transformation of biogenic shells from aragonite to calcite can modify the primary carbon and oxygen isotopic values (δ13C and δ18O), and thus affect their significance as paleoenvironmental proxies. While the biasing of δ13C and δ18O by dissolution and reprecipitation phase transformation (DR) has been extensively studied, thermal solid-phase transformation (SPT) in archaeological shell middens is rarely considered. In this study, the effects of intra-crystalline organic matter on the kinetics and carbon and oxygen isotopic fractionation during thermal SPT are evaluated by comparing two sets of experiments on powdered aragonite snail shells heated in air and pure nitrogen atmospheres. The results show that during heating temperature below 400 °C, the intra-crystalline organic matter could inhibit the phase transformation due to the shielding effect of organic matter, while during heating temperature above 400 °C, the decomposition of the intra-crystalline organic matter increases the kinetic rate of the phase transformation. The activation energy for the phase transformation was determined to be +150.5 kJ·mol−1, lower than that of +247 kJ·mol−1 obtained for abiogenic polycrystalline aragonite and close to that of +158 to +163 kJ·mol−1 for abiogenic single crystal aragonite. This is attributed to the larger lattice parameter c in biogenic aragonite and the increasing porosity of calcium carbonate with the decomposition of organic matter. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the deviation of δ13C and δ18O between the heated sample (the mixture of aragonite and calcite) and the original shell aragonite (Δ13CM-A and Δ18OM-A) is negligible during heating temperature below 400 °C; however, Δ13CM-A (from −0.43‰ to 0.00‰) and Δ18OM-A (from −1.54‰ to −0.02‰) are significant during heating temperature above 400 °C. The temperature-dependence of Δ13CM-A in biogenic carbonates is much more significant than that in abiogenic carbonates, which clearly reflects the occurrence of isotopic exchange between the intra-crystalline organic matter and the carbonates. In air, the heating-induced calcium carbonate is depleted in δ13C by up to −0.48‰ and in δ18O by up to −3.46‰, compared with the original samples, which is mainly caused by isotopic exchange with the external carbon dioxide in air and the intra-crystalline organic matter, with the latter being the dominant source. Our results demonstrate that the decomposition of the intra-crystalline organic matter increases the kinetic rate and induces carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation during SPT from aragonite to calcite. This study provides direct evidence for evaluating the preservation of carbon and oxygen isotopes of biogenic calcium carbonate shells which have undergone the SPT process in archaeological shell middens.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography