nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontological crisis of and philosophical response to the physical education curriculum in basic education.

Truth pursuing,kindness going and beauty appreciating are the ontological pursuits of the physical education curriculum.In the philosophical context of truth,kindness and beauty,such a physical curriculum view as "whatever done will work" has obscured the "true meaning" of the physical education curriculum,extremely easily tending to lead the curriculum into a situation in which the value of the "theory of omnipotence" and the "theory of futility" prevails;secondly,the physical education curriculum has weakened "kindness going" humanistic education for students,such as cooperation,self-restraint,sense of responsibility,justice and good faith,causing the missing of the social attribute of the curriculum;thirdly,the physical education curriculum is lacking in the discovery and expression of body beauty,and a style.By analyzing the said cruxes in the ontological crisis of the physical education curriculum,the authors put forward the following opinions from the perspective of philosophy: for the "truth pursuing" of the curriculum,the intrinsic life logic should be followed;for the "kindness going" of the curriculum,social norms and ethical education should be regarded highly;for the "beauty appreciating" of the curriculum,attention should be paid to the beauty of body building and spirit refining;only through the interaction of these three points can the educational mission and social mission of the physical education curriculum be executed in a better way.

Field of study: Education
The common fisheries policy and UK quota management

Exclusive Economic Zones and the formulation of a Common Fisheries Policy have profoundly reshaped the political geography of the NE Atlantic fisheries. Outlining the characteristics of the new management framework, the paper draws attention to the use of Total Allowable Catches (TACs) as a mechanism for attempting to reconcile the need for stock conservation with demands for equitable allocation of catches between member states and the creation of an orderly market. Member states are free to manage their fisheries within the parameters set by TACs. For Britain, two systems have evolved: a centralised system for Area VII and a devolved system of ‘sectoral quota management’ for Areas IV and VI in which Producer Organisations can assume the role of quota managers on behalf of their members. The paper examines the latter system in detail and points to the inevitable conflicts between equity and efficiency.

Field of study: Environmental science
How interband pairing increases the superconductive transition temperature

The possible strong electron-phonon coupling and the pairing within the full width of the electron band and not only in a narrow sheet near the Fermi surface are taken into account. It is found that the effect of pairing of electrons belonging to different bands is crucial to the appearance of high Tc in some two-band materials. The existence of another set of the two-band high temperature materials with transition temperature Tc, not yielding Tc in cuprates, is predicted.

Field of study: Physics
Tolerance to amphetamine hypophagia: a real-time depiction of learning to suppress stereotyped movements in the rat.

To analyze how tolerance develops to amphetamine-induced hypophagia, the authors recorded real-time licking responses in rats given chronic injections of the drug and access to milk for 30 min. Initially, licking was greatly reduced and occurred only late in the session. The acquisition of tolerance was characterized by a decrease in the latency to initiate licking, a gradual increase in the number of licks, and a reorganization of the temporal licking pattern such that licks were distributed throughout the session, interspersed with pauses. On post-tolerance dose-response tests, licking was directly proportional to drug dose in some rats. The results support the view that tolerance to amphetamine hypophagia involves a behavioral adaptation to the motor effects of the drug.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Biosynthesis and biosynthetic engineering of calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics

Biosynthetic engineering involves the reprogramming of genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of natural products to generate new "non-natural" products, which might otherwise not exist in nature. Potentially this approach can be used to provide large numbers of secondary metabolites variants, with altered biological activities, many of which are too complex for effective total synthesis. Recently we have been investigating the biosynthesis of the calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) which are members of the therapeutically relevant class of acidic lipopeptide antibiotics. CDAs are assembled by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes. These large modular assembly-line enzymes process intermediates that are covalently tethered to peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain bonds bonds, which makes them particularly amenable to reprogramming. The CDA producer, Streptomyces coelicolor, is also a genetically tractable model organism which makes CDA an ideal template for biosynthetic engineering. To this end we have elucidated many of the key steps in CDA biosynthesis and utilized this information to develop methods that have enabled the engineered biosynthesis of wide range of CDA-type lipopeptides.

Field of study: Chemistry
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Photodissociation XeF laser operating with an efficiency of about 1 %

Measurements were made of the instantaneous lasing efficiency of a photodissociation XeF laser, defined as the ratio of the power of the output radiation of the laser to the electrical power deposited in the pump source. The laser was pumped with ultraviolet radiation from an open high-current discharge. At the lasing pulse maximum the efficiency was 0.8% at the wavelength of 353 nm and 1 % at 485 nm (with a correction for the geometric factor representing utilization of the pump radiation). The energy of the output pulses and the average specific output energy at 353 nm were 28 J and 18 J/liter, respectively, whereas at 485 nm the corresponding values were 14.5 J and 10 J/liter.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Dinosaur eggshells from the lower Maastrichtian St. Mary River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada

North America is known for its rich uppermost Cretaceous record of dinosaur egg remains, although a notable fossil gap exists during the lower Maastrichtian. Here we describe a diverse dinosaur eggshell assemblage from the St. Mary River Formation of southern Alberta that, in conjunction with recently described eggs from the same formation in Montana, helps fill this gap and sheds light on the dinosaur diversity in this poorly fossiliferous formation. Three theropod eggshell types (Continuoolithus cf. C. canadensis, Montanoolithus cf. M. strongorum, and Prismatoolithus cf. P. levis) and one ornithopod (Spheroolithus cf. S. albertensis), are reported from Albertan exposures of the St. Mary River Formation, increasing the ootaxonomic diversity of the formation from two to five ootaxa. The taxonomic composition of the eggshell assemblage is consistent with the dinosaurian fauna known from the St. Mary River Formation based on skeletal remains. Spheroolithus eggshells constitute the majority of identifiable e...

Field of study: Environmental science
Sexual side effects of antidepressant drugs

Sexual functioning often suffers during depression, although depressed people continue to value sex. Many popular antidepressants further impair sexual functioning, with highly serotonergic agents affecting orgasm and libido prominently. This paper addresses clinical assessment of sexual side effects from antidepressant drugs and reviews treatment strategies, including purported antidotes. We pay particular attention to sildenafil, on which there are impressive data and ongoing controlled studies.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A new model for allocating resources to scheduled lightpath demands

Recent research has clearly established that holding-time-aware routing-and-wavelength-assignment (RWA) schemes lead to significant improvements in resource utilization for scheduled traffic. Two different models have been proposed for scheduled traffic in the literature - (i) the fixed window model, where the setup and the teardown times of the scheduled demands are known in advance and (ii) the sliding window model, where a demand can be allocated anytime within a larger time-window. In this paper, we introduce a new model, the segmented sliding window model, where a demand may be decomposed into two or more components and each component can be sent separately. We present an integer linear program (ILP) formulation for resource allocation under the proposed segmented sliding window model and show that both the fixed and the traditional sliding window models can be treated as a special case of our generalized segmented sliding window model. We consider networks both with and without wavelength converters, and include the option of path protection for each lightpath. For larger networks, we also present a heuristic algorithm for allocating resources. Finally, we show through simulations that our approach leads to significantly higher throughput, even compared to the recent holding-time-aware RWA schemes, which have already been shown to outperform holding-time-unaware models.

Field of study: Computer science
The Development of Learning Devices Based on Discovery Learning to Improve Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability of Students Class V at SD Negeri 060827 Medan Amplas

The aims of this study to develop a product in the form of mathematics learning discovery learning which consist: lesson plan, students work sheet,and students textbook.and the purposes of this study to determine: (1) How does the development of learning devices based discovery learning to improve creative thingking of student are practical. (2) How does the development of learning device based discovery learning to improve creative thinking of students are effective. (3) How to increase creative thinking of students by using learning devices based discovery learning approach that has been developed. The device whice was developed consists of: lesson plans worksheets and Las. The population in this students of one class V SD Negeri 060827 Medan Amplas totaling 25 students, by taking samples of one class. as for learning device is developed because in place of researcher less use of learning device even do not use at all so that student less active in process of learning, teacher only as facilitator only and with existence of learning device based on discovery learning researcher can use and practice or apply learning or use device which researchers have done so that it can add insight to researchers The development research. The development process consists of four stage , namely: define, design, develop, disseminate. Result of test I and test II shows that 1)teaching and learning tools developed is valid both in terms of content and construct, 2) teaching and learning tools developed is easily used, 3)teaching and learning tools developed is effective, seen from studens learning complete achievement, student activity in tolerance limit specified and student respone to teaching and learning is considered good, 4) there is a raise in student creative thinking skill from test I 74,25 to 80,33 on test II. Of the data analysis has benn obtained indicates that the learning device-based discovery learning in pecahan material on class V SD Negeri 060827 Medan Amplas is practical and effective. Student’ creative thinking abilities of student has benn increased.  Learning device, discovery learning, Creative thinking ability.

Field of study: Education
The Production and Clinical Application of Molar Root Movement Controller

To solve the problem that the molar propeller moving upper simultaneously two molars distally resulted in the first molar tipping and lingual rotation. The first molar was welded with a molar root movement controller, which extending backward and clinging to the edge of second molar dental cervix. The molar root movement controller stood on the molar and the stable arm of force resisted the tipping and rotation of the first molar in the process of the molar propeller moving upper molar distally.Moreover, translation of the second molar could move in the limited direction of the first molar controller. The molar root movement controller could prevent the side effects and avoid the second molar buccally positioned movement in the process of molar propeller moving the two molars distally.

Field of study: Medicine
Coevolution and Adaptation of Helicobacter pylori and the Case for ‘Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology’

Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen and its transmission and epidemiology have been extensively studied; it has been found that H. pylori’s prevalence and infection outcome is characterized by marked differences between the developing and the developed worlds. Recent data on genomic analyses and comparative core genome haplotyping have revealed that H. pylori has coevolved with its human host. While several studies advocate the protective effects of H. pylori colonization, it is prudent to systematically unleash the role of the strong virulence apparatus present within most H. pylori strains and to determine how to disarm them (or protect the host from the effects) if the intent is to allow it to remain a friendly organism or to use it as a vaccine delivery tool. While genotyping and phenotyping based on a few genetic markers have not provided much insight into such issues, use of replicate/chronological genomics (of virulent versus innocuous strains) coupled with functional screens in animal models is expected to be able to explain the acquisition and evolution of virulence factors of H. pylori and their discreet associations with serious clinical outcomes such as gastric cancer.

Field of study: Medicine
Tragedy in the Adventure Playground: Media Representations of Mountaineering Accidents in New Zealand

2003, three mountain guides and their three clients were swept 500 metres down Mount Tasman, New Zealand’s second highest mountain, by an avalanche. The three guides and one client died. The tragedy and its aftermath generated exceptional national newspaper coverage for a mountaineering accident in New Zealand. This paper explores the media representation of mountaineering through a case study which analyses the newspaper reporting of this fatal accident. Theories about the processes of news production are used to understand the newsworthiness of this event, and how it was simultaneously represented, interpreted and constructed by the media. In addition, an analysis of the narrative themes in the newspaper stories about the accident highlights the way in which the story was told in terms of certain narratives about risk and responsibility, with implications for the debate about the safety of outdoor recreationists in New Zealand’s ‘adventure playground’. These narratives are discussed with reference to theories about the socio‐cultural construction of risk and contemporary approaches to the problem of mortality.

Field of study: Sociology
Curvas de porcentagem mássica de água versus peso específico em vegetais in natura - otimização de processos industriais pela seleção via teste da matéria-prima

The purpose of this investigation is to verify the existance of a relation between specific gravity (SG) and watermass percentage (WMP) in vegetables in nature. The curves of Solanum tuberosum (potato), Dioscorea sp (yam), Manihot utilissima (cassava) were plotted. The procedure of determination of specific gravity in laboratory can be used as a test in industrial scale to determine the water mass percentage in vegetables in nature that have uniform aspect through the curve SGxPMA of the vegetable. This test is simple, economic, not destructive and precise, so its easy to introduce in industries to improve the process that has vegetables in nature as raw materials, once water mass percentage of the vegetable is an important parameter. With this test application is possible to select the raw materials that make better productivity, allowing better products and bigger profit of the process, besides more homogeneous final products.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Tunable multiwavelength fiber laser based on a double Sagnac HiBi fiber loop.

A tunable multiwavelength fiber laser based on double Sagnac loops is proposed and demonstrated. Comb filter characteristics of single and double Sagnac loops are analyzed by Jones matrix. Simulated results show that there are better tunability and controllability with double loops than with a single loop, and this also has been confirmed by experimental results. By adjusting the polarization controller and the length of the polarization maintaining fiber the wavelength range, wavelength spacing, and laser linewidth can be tuned. Experimental results indicate that the linewidth of the multiwavelength fiber laser was 0.0187 nm and the optical sidemode suppression ratio was 50 dB.

Field of study: Physics
The perspective of Polish fishermen on maritime spatial planning

This paper presents the results of a face-to-face survey of the attitudes of Polish fishermen towards Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). Fishermen's self-assessed knowledge regarding MSP and their expectations were analysed. The conclusion reached shows that, despite similar access to information about MSP, Polish fishermen are less knowledgeable, more sceptical and more fearful of the MSP, than the other stakeholders involved. As a result, better education or more information on MSP would not suffice in making fishermen overcome their scepticism on the planning outcomes. In addition, the governing bodies of MSP should build trust and awareness, stimulate the stakeholders' interests in MSP, and convince the fishermen that MSP is friendly towards this specific sector. These findings did influence the MSP process in Poland, wherein MSP outreach was offered to the targeted groups of fishermen in the form of trust-building measures. A key lesson learned is that a capacity building process should be administered in such a way that the fishermen may easily distinguish it from other governance measures (e.g. under fishery or environment policy). An international component can play an important role in it. In conclusion, a number of observations are proposed with regard to future research on the attitudes of fishermen towards MSP. In particular, greater effort is necessary to better understand the motives of fishermen's scepticism towards the impact of MSP on their sector.

Field of study: Environmental science
Electrochemical analysis for anode-supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cells in partial reducing and oxidizing conditions

Microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a diameter on the millimeter scale are suitable for small-scale applications such as micro combined heat/power systems and portable power sources. However, the use in reducing purge gas is not practical during start-up and shutdown in the small-scale applications. In this study, the redox tolerance was evaluated for nickel gadolinia-doped ceria (Ni–GDC) anode-supported microtubular SOFCs with an open-end at fuel outlet, when the hydrogen fuel supply was stopped 8 times for 10 min/cycle at 615 °C. The open circuit voltage was unchanged, and the degradation of less than 3% was confirmed after 8 redox cycles. The Ni–GDC anode-supported microtubular SOFCs have redox tolerance at 615 °C. Each electrode polarization resistance can be separated by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis from the measurement of AC impedance between the anode and the cathode. While the anode activation polarization (10–100 Hz) was clarified to increase because of the decrease in the TPB length, the anode concentration polarization (

Field of study: Materials science
Economic Design of Variable Sampling Interval X-Bar Control Charts for Monitoring Correlated Non Normal Samples

Recent studies have shown the X-bar control chart with variable sampling interval detects shifts in the process mean faster than the traditional X-bar chart. These studies are usually based on the assumption that the process data are independently and normally distributed. However, many situations in practice violate these assumptions. In this study, a methodology is developed to economically design a variable sampling interval X-bar control chart that takes into consideration correlated non normal sample data. An example is provided to illustrate the solution procedure. A sensitivity analysis on the input parameters (i.e., the cost and the process parameters) is performed taking into account the non normality and the correlation on the optimal design of the chart.

Field of study: Mathematics
Continuous measurements of methane mixing ratios from ice cores

This work presents a new, field-deployable technique for continuous, high-resolution measurements of methane mixing ratios from ice cores. The technique is based on a continuous flow analysis system, where ice core samples cut along the long axis of an ice core are melted continuously. The past atmospheric air contained in the ice is separated from the melt water stream via a system for continuous gas extraction. The extracted gas is dehumidified and then analyzed by a Wavelength Scanned-Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer for methane mixing ratios. We assess the performance of the new measurement technique in terms of precision (±0.8 ppbv, 1σ), accuracy (±8 ppbv), temporal (ca. 100 s), and spatial resolution (ca. 5 cm). Using a firn air transport model, we compare the resolution of the measurement technique to the resolution of the atmospheric methane signal as preserved in ice cores in Greenland. We conclude that our measurement technique can resolve all climatically relevant variations as preserved in the ice down to an ice depth of at least 1980 m (66 000 yr before present) in the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ice core. Furthermore, we describe the modifications, which are necessary to make a commercially available spectrometer suitable for continuous methane mixing ratio measurements from ice cores.

Field of study: Environmental science