nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

On the fault tolerance of sensor networks using deterministic deployment,this paper at first analyzes the relationship between the probability of coverage and that of the node failure in the network with triangular topology,it analyzes and derives the fault tolerance for the connectivity of the triangular topology network using the k-subnet concept.At last,we compare the connectivity performance of the triangular topology with that of the grid topology.

Field of study: Computer science
DÉCOLLEMENT STRUCTURES IN GLACIAL-LAKE SEDIMENTS

A series of unconsolidated Pleistocene sediments displays decollement folds and faults on a small scale. Correlation between directions of ice movement inferred from till fabrics and the spatial arrangement and shear sense of folds in underlying lake clays indicates that deformation was induced by overriding glacier ice. Fold axes produced by this single deformative event are seen in many orientations relative to the direction of movement of the glacier; some axes are essentially parallel to direction of the glacier movement.

Field of study: Geology
Smoke-free restaurants in Shanghai: should it be mandatory and is it acceptable?

This study aims to describe secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in restaurants in Shanghai and to explore the impact on the health of restaurant workers. Attitude to smoke-free restaurants among restaurant workers and customers was also determined in this study.



A random sample of 242 workers, 284 customers, and 46 restaurant owners participated in face-to-face questionnaire interviews.



A total of 219 (90.7%) restaurant workers surveyed were found to be exposed to SHS during working hours with 24.2+/-18.6h of exposure on average per week. Exposure time each week was significantly associated with the symptoms of dyspnea and irritated eyes. Among the customers surveyed 73.9% supported the concept of a 100% smoke-free law in restaurants and 49.6% expressed that they would be more likely to eat in restaurants if smoking was banned in restaurants. And 58.6% of the restaurant owners surveyed regarded smoke-free laws banning smoking in restaurant as feasible and 56.5% estimated such bans would decrease the profit.



Both restaurant workers and customers are substantially exposed to SHS. Although some restaurant owners are concerned about a decrease in profits, the fear of losing business is not supported by the response among customers. Therefore, introducing a law-banning smoking in restaurants appears to be feasible and acceptable in Shanghai.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
The doctoral gaze: Foreign PhD students’ internal and external academic discourse socialization

This article examines the internal and external academic discourse socialization of seven Chinese PhD students at a large Canadian university. Through the use of interviews, participant-generated written narratives, and discussion of written feedback, this longitudinal multiple case study uncovered multiple and complex factors facilitating students’ socialization into local practices, discourses, and communities during their doctoral study. This article highlights the disciplinary role of internal and external socialization in mediating behaviours, affective stances, and (in)action, a process referred to as the doctoral gaze, conceptually drawn from Foucault's (1995) notion of panopticism. Students’ self- and other-mediated and directed forms of socialization comprised a recursive process where they learned to do being PhD students through the use of internal and external sources and resources. Their relative abilities to become active agents in the process, and effectively self- and other-socialize into practices, behaviours, and positionalities conducive to success, were key aspects in the broader socialization process.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Effects of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate on slow inward calcium current in isolated guinea pig ventricular cells.

The effects of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate (I-65) on action potentials and slow inward calcium current (I(si)) were examined on isolated guinea pig ventricular myocardial cells. I-65 (30-100 mumol.L-1) depressed the action potential duration at 20% repolarization (APD20) and, under voltage-clamp conditions, reduced the amplitude of I(si) without changing the I-V relations. I-65 also showed use-dependent effects on I(si). These suggest that I-65 may block I(si) by acting on the inactivated state of Ca channels.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
The statistical program of the Census Bureau.

and adequate data on which business men may base their decisions. Knowledge of volume of production and volume of operations of our leading industries is also needed. There are important industries in the United States that are seldom operated in excess of 50 per cent of their capacity. For the first time in the history of our country, a comprehensive, coordinated, statistical plan that covers a wide range of industries, and includes production, sales, costs and profits has been developed by the cooperative action of several operating agencies and the U. S. Bureau of the Budget. No other country has ever had an opportunity as favorable as that now afforded American business to build a sound post-war economy. The Government's statistical plan should enable owners of our risk capital to avoid the industries offering the smallest chances of success, and pay dividends to consumers by increasing competition in high profit industries.

Field of study: Mathematics
Can writing a new word detract from learning it? More negative effects of forced output during vocabulary learning

This study examined effects of word writing on second language vocabulary learning. In two experiments, English-speaking learners of Spanish attempted to learn 24 Spanish nouns while viewing word–picture pairs. The participants copied 12 target words and wrote nothing for the other 12 target words being studied. Productive vocabulary learning on immediate and delayed (2 days later) measures was higher in the no-writing condition. These findings suggest that this type of forced output without access to meaning can detract from word learning by exhausting processing resources needed to encode novel lexical forms.

Field of study: Linguistics
Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Associated SRSF2 Mutations Cause Splicing Changes by Altering Binding Motif Sequences

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) is a member of the SR protein family that is involved in both constitutive and alternative mRNA splicing. Mutations in SRSF2 gene are frequently reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is imperative to understand how these mutations affect SRSF2-mediated splicing and cause MDS. In this study, we characterized MDS-associated SRSF2 mutants (P95H, P95L, and P95R). We found that those mutants and wild-type SRSF2 proteins showed nuclear localization in HeLa cells. In vitro splicing reaction also revealed that mutant proteins associated with both precursor and spliced mRNAs, suggesting that the mutants directly participate in splicing. We established the human myeloid leukemia K562 cell lines that stably expressed myc-tagged wild-type or mutant SRSF2 proteins, and then performed RNA-sequence to analyze the splicing pattern of each cell line. The results revealed that both wild-type and mutants affected splicing of approximately 3,000 genes. Although splice site sequences adjacent to the affected exons showed no significant difference compared to the total exons, exonic motif analyses with both inclusion- and exclusion-enhanced exons demonstrated that wild-type and mutants have different binding sequences in exons. These results indicate that mutations of SRSF2 in MDS change binding properties of SRSF2 to exonic motifs and this causes aberrant splicing.

Field of study: Biology
Polyazole systems based on 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline

The reaction of 1-methylthio-3,3-dimethyl-6,7-di-R-dihydroisoquinolines with carboxylic acid hydrazides gives the corresponding hydrazides converted into derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-alisoquinoline. Reaction of these dihydroisoquinolines with hydrazine hydrate gives the corresponding 1-hydrazinoderivatives which with NaNO2 give tetrazolo[5,1-aisoquinolines, and with oxalyl chloride (where R = H), 1,2,4-triazino[5,1-aJisoquinoline.

Field of study: Chemistry
Thermal performance and optimization of hyperbolic annular fins under dehumidifying operating conditions – analytical and numerical solutions

The thermal performance of hyperbolic profile annular fins subjected to dehumidifying operating conditions is studied. An analytical solution for completely wet fin is derived using an approximate linear temperature–humidity relationship. A numerical solution using actual psychrometric relationship for completely and partially wet operating conditions is then obtained to account for the actual temperature–humidity ratio psychrometric relationship under both partially and fully wet operating conditions. An excellent agreement is observed between analytical and numerical solutions for completely wet fin. The fin optimization is presented based on the analytical solution of completely wet fin. Finally, a finite element formulation is used for studying the two-dimensional effects of orthotropic thermal conductivity on the thermal performance of fin under partially and fully wet operating conditions.

Field of study: Engineering
Persistent but less severe ataxia in long-term versus short-term abstinent alcoholic men and women: a cross-sectional analysis.

Disturbed gait and balance are among the most consistent and salient sequelae of chronic alcoholism. Results of small sample longitudinal investigations have provided evidence that partial recovery of gait and balance functions in alcoholics may be achieved with abstinence. However, abstinence durations reported have been limited, and their power and generalizability have suffered from small sample sizes.



In this study, we employed a cross-sectional approach to assess gait and balance functions in short-term (6 to 15 weeks) abstinent alcoholics (STAA; n = 70) and long-term (minimum 18 months, mean = 7.38 years) abstinent alcoholics (LTAA; n = 82). STAA and LTAA did not differ with respect to lifetime alcohol consumption, family drinking density, or years of education. In addition, we examined the effects of gender and alcohol use variables.



Our main findings were: (i) persistent disturbed gait and balance in STAA and disturbed standing balance in LTAA; (ii) overall less impaired performance of LTAA compared with STAA on gait and balance measures; and (iii) worse performance of STAA (but not LTAA) women, compared with men, on standing balance without visual control.



Our results suggest that alcoholics' gait and balance can continue to recover with long abstinence from alcohol, but that deficits persist, especially in eyes-closed standing balance. In addition, our results are consistent with more severe alcohol-induced ataxia in women than in men but suggest that with extended abstinence, women recover gait and balance function to a level comparable with men.

Field of study: Medicine
Understanding Agro-Holdings in Russia: A Commonsian Analysis

Agro-holdings in Russia are large-scale vertically integrated farms within the food processing industry which emerged in the economic, political, and social context inherited from the Soviet era and the post-Soviet market transition. Several economic researchers consider agro-holdings either as a transitory phenomenon or as a major innovation that enables economies of scale and scope. However, their sustainability does not support the idea of a transitory organizational form. Meanwhile, important aspects of their activity, as with the financing of social infrastructures and the partnership with public institutions, cannot be explained by the aim of productive efficiency. I argue that applying John R. Commons’ concepts of strategic transactions, going concerns, and futurity offers an insight enabling the understanding of agro-holdings in Russia as the result of actors’ capacity to form new working rules and compromises, reflected in going concerns that incorporate both the productive and distributive dimensions of their activity.

Field of study: Economics
Survival and activity of an atrazine-mineralizing bacterial consortium in rhizosphere soil

Plant rhizosphere effects on atrazine degradation were examined in soil inoculated with an atrazine-mineralizing bacterial consortium. The consortium, consisting of three bacterial species, was isolated from an agricultural soil having previous long-term exposure to the herbicide. Atrazine mineralization and metabolite formation were monitored by measuring 14 CO 2 evolution from microcosms amended with radiolabeled atrazine and by HPLC of soil extracts. In noninoculated soil, ca. 11% of 14 C-chain-labeled atrazine was N-dealkylated, while only 2.4% of the ring-labeled atrazine was mineralized after 5 weeks. Corn plants had no effect on atrazine mineralization or ethyl-side-chain N-dealkylation in noninoculated soils, but the formation of hydroxyatrazine was significantly enhanced in planted soil. Growth of corn in sterilized soil suggested that hydroxyatrazine formation was caused by plant metabolism of atrazine. Introduction of the atrazine-mineralizing consortium into the soil significantly increased the rate of atrazine mineralization in comparison to noninoculated soil. After 4 weeks, 71% of the atrazine was mineralized in nonplanted soil, whereas 84% of the atrazine was mineralized in soil with corn plants. There was no significant difference in the rate of atrazine mineralization by the consortium in nonplanted and planted soil. However, atrazine-mineralizing populations at the end of the incubation were higher in the planted soil, which contained 8.1 x 10 4 degraders g -1 of soil versus 2.7 x 10 3 degraders g -1 in soil without plants. The results demonstrated that bioaugmentation with the atrazine-mineralizing consortium greatly enhanced the rate of atrazine mineralization. Long-term survival of the consortium and degradation of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine were both enhanced in rhizosphere soil, but corn seedlings had no significant effect on the rate of atrazine mineralization, either by the indigenous microflora or in soil inoculated with atrazine-mineralizing bacteria.

Field of study: Environmental science
Development of Eco-Sustainable PBAT-Based Blown Films and Performance Analysis for Food Packaging Applications

In this work, eco-sustainable blown films with improved performance, suitable for flexible packaging applications requiring high ductility, were developed and characterized. Films were made by blending two bioplastics with complementary properties—the ductile and flexible poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and the rigid and brittle poly(lactic acid) (PLA)—at a 60/40 mass ratio. With the aim of improving the blends’ performance, the effects of two types of PLA, differing for viscosity and stereoregularity, and the addition of a commercial polymer chain extender (Joncryl®), were analyzed. The use of the PLA with a viscosity ratio closer to PBAT and lower stereoregularity led to a finer morphology and better interfacial adhesion between the phases, and the addition of the chain extender further reduced the size of the dispersed phase domains, with beneficial effects on the mechanical response of the produced films. The best system composition, made by the blend of PBAT, amorphous PLA, and the compatibilizer, proved to have improved mechanical properties, with a good balance between stiffness and ductility and also good transparency and sealability, which are desirable features for flexible packaging applications.

Field of study: Materials science
Über den Einfluß der Gitterbindung auf die Ka-Linie des Kohlenstoffs

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß der Gitterbindung auf Form und Lage derK-Linie des Kohlenstoffs (44,6 Å) wird mit Hilfe eines Strichgitterspektrographen untersucht an Hand von Aufnahmen der Linie mit Graphit-, Diamant- und Carborund-Antikathode.Die charakteristischen Merkmale der gefundenen Linienformen sind:Gemeinsamallen drei Linien: Langsamer Anstieg auf langwelliger, steiler auf kurzwelliger Seite.GraphitUnsymmetrische Form, Höcker auf kurzwelliger Seite, der auf kurzwelligen Begleiter schließen läßt.DiamantNormale Linie von nahezu derselben Breite wie bei Graphit, jedoch symmetrischerer Form.CarborundBedeutend viel schärfere Linie mit ungewöhnlich steilem Abbruch auf der kurzwelligen Seite.Bezüglich der Linienbreite wird eine noch ungeklärte Abhängigkeit von der Linienschwärzung gefunden, deren mögliche Ursachen diskutiert werden. Ebenso bleibt die Ursache einer Diskrepanz der Linienbreiten gegenüber angegebenem Wert von Söderman noch offen.Die Ergebnisse werden kurz im Hinblick auf neuere Theorien der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit diskutiert.

Field of study: Physics
Regulation by light of ammonium transport systems in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is able to take up methylammonium/ammonium from the medium at different stages of its sexual life cycle. Vegetative cells and pre-gametes mostly used a low-affinity system (LATS) component, but gametes obtained after light treatment of N-deprived pre-gametes expressed both LATS and high-affinity system (HATS) components for the uptake of methylammonium/ammonium. The activity of the LATS component was stimulated by light in only 5 min in a process independent of protein synthesis. By using the lrg6 mutant that produces sexually competent gametes in the dark, light effects on ammonium transport and gamete differentiation have been separately analysed. We have found light regulation of four Amt1 genes: Amt1; 1, Amt1; 2, Amt1; 4 and Amt1; 5. Whereas light-dependent expression of Amt1; 1, Amt1; 2 and Amt1; 4 was independent of gametogenesis, and that of Amt1; 5 was activated in the lrg6 mutant, suggesting a connection between this transporter and the subsequent events taking place during gametogenesis.

Field of study: Environmental science
Modern statistics: the myth and the magic

The paper is a personal exploration of the puzzling contradiction between the fundamental excitement of statistics and its poor public image. It begins with the historical foundations and proceeds through the role of applications and the dramatic impact of the computer in shaping the discipline. The mismatch between the reality of statistics and its public perception arises from a number of dichotomies, some of which are explored. In particular, although statistics is perhaps typically seen as an impersonal discipline, in some sense it is very personal, and many of its applications are aimed at providing unique benefit to individuals. This benefit depends on the creation of detailed data sets describing individuals, but the contrary view is that this represents an invasion of privacy. Some observations on statistical education are made, and issues which will affect the future health of the discipline are examined.

Field of study: Mathematics
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS DURING AND AFTER DYNAMIC CONSOLIDATION

The establishment of finite element equation and the numerical analysis in dynamic compaction of soil are discussed. The numerical solution of dynamic compaction in the site of Shanxi Fertilizer Factory is given. The stress-field, deformation-field, acceleration-field, density-field of the foundation soil during and after dynamic consolidation (DC) are investigated and compared with practical figures. The calculation results are close to the test data. A new model is proposed and adopted to analyze the vibration characteristics of soil after DC. Two practical projects are studied and the results are compared with those of elastic model and ideal elastoplastic model. The model is shown to have great advantage in the analysis of the vibration characteristics of soil after DC.

Field of study: Engineering
LEP is Now Making Pairs of W Bosons

Shortly after noon on 9 July, an important new experimental regime of high‐energy physics was inaugurated with the first observation of a W+W− pair at CERN's Large Electron‐Positron (LEP) collider. The charged W's and their neutral cousin, the Z0, are the three spin‐1 bosons that mediate the weak interactions. Because they are almost 100 times heavier than the proton, these “intermediate vector bosons” present a particular challenge to accelerator builders and experimenters. Though their existence and their masses were predicted by the Glashow‐Salam‐Wemberg unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces in the late 1960s, they could not be observed until the 540‐GeV CERN proton‐antiproton collider was completed in the early 1980s.

Field of study: Physics
Estudio del propoleos de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar las caracteristicas fisico-quimicas del propoleos de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. Las muestras se recolectaron de colmenas ubicadas en los departamentos Capital, Banda y Robles. Se determinaron: color, olor, sabor consistencia y aspecto. Las muestras por lo general, se presentaron en trozos irregulares con brillo, de estructura homogenea, consistencia dura. El color fue marron oscuro, olor resinoso aromatico y sabor picante. El porcentaje de impurezas mecanicas, cera y resinas se encuentran de valores normales. El indice de oxidacion, las concentraciones de compuestos fenolicos y flavonoides y la actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus permiten concluir que la calidad del propoleos de los departamentos estudiados es buena.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Community composition of lacustrine small eukaryotes in hyper-eutrophic conditions in relation to top-down and bottom-up factors.

Small eukaryotes (0.2-5 microm) in hyper-eutrophic conditions were described using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning-sequencing, and were related to environmental variables both by an experimental approach and by a temporal field study. In situ analysis showed marked temporal variations in the dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs), which were related to environmental variables such as nutrient concentrations and metazooplankton composition. To monitor the responses of the small-eukaryote community to top-down (absence or presence of planktivorous fish) and bottom-up (low or high nitrogen and phosphorus addition) effects, a cross-classified design mesocosm experiment was used. Depending on the type of treatment, we recorded changes in the diversity of T-RFs, as well as modifications in phylogenetic composition. Centroheliozoa and Cryptophyta were found in all types of treatment, whereas Chlorophyta were specific to enclosures receiving high nutrient loadings, and were associated either with LKM11 and 'environmental sequences'. Cercozoa and Fungi were not detected in enclosures receiving high nutrient loadings and fishes. Our results showed that resources and top-down factors are both clearly involved in shaping the structure of small eukaryotes, not only autotrophs but also heterotrophs, via complex interactions and trophic cascades within a microbial loop, notably in response to nutrient loading.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science