nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Long Non-coding RNAs Governing Postnatal Pineal Development in Pig

Postnatal development and maturation of pineal gland is a highly dynamic period of tissue remodeling and phenotype maintenance, which is genetically controlled by programmed gene expression regulations. However, limited molecular characterization, particularly regarding long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), is available for postnatal pineal at a whole transcriptome level. The present study first characterized the comprehensive pineal transcriptome profiles using strand-specific RNA-seq to illustrate the dynamic mRNA/lncRNA expression at three developmental stages (infancy, puberty, and adulthood). The results showed that 21,448 mRNAs and 8,166 novel lncRNAs were expressed in pig postnatal pineal gland. Among these genes, 3,573 mRNAs and 851 lncRNAs, including the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, exhibited significant dynamic regulation along maturation process, while the expression of homeobox genes didn’t show significant differences. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in ion transport and synaptic transmission, highlighting the critical role of calcium signaling in postnatal pineal development. Additionally, co-expression analysis revealed the DEGs could be grouped into 12 clusters with distinct expression patterns. Many differential lncRNAs were functionally enriched in co-expressed clusters of genes related to ion transport, transcription regulation, DNA binding, and visual perception. Our study first provided an overview of postnatal pineal transcriptome dynamics in pig and demonstrated that dynamic lncRNA regulation of developmental transitions impact pineal physiology.

Field of study: Biology
ID: 164: Role of cyclophilins B & C in the assembly of IL-12 and IL-23 in the endoplasmic reticulum

Heterodimer formation of IL-12 and IL-23 is known to take place in the ER. Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerases B and C (PPIB/C; cyclophilins B and C) locate to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PPIB interacts with multiple ER residents including calnexin, calreticulin, GRP94, BiP, Erp72. Cyclosporine A (CsA) induces secretion of PPIB/C thus strongly reducing the intracellular concentration of both cyclophilins. Intracellular removal of PPIB/C can also be attained by siRNA knockdown. We used both approaches to assess the role of PPIB/C on assembly and secretion of the heterodimeric cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 in a recombinant HEK293 cell line permanently expressing the p40 subunit, and transiently transfected with either the p19 or p35 subunits. Removal of PPIB/C reduced secretion of IL-12 and blocked that of IL-23. This did not coincide with altered levels of mRNA suggestive for a ER-centered effect. Pull down of the p40 subunit via a C-terminal his-tag revealed association with PPIB but not PPIC. These observations were validated in monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with IFN-gamma and zymosan, inducers of both IL-12 and IL-23. Knock-down of PPIB/C is known to enhance the oxidation status of the ER. Our data indicates that PPIB is involved in assembly of IL-12 and IL-23 heterodimer assembly either via its peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase activity and/or via facilitating disulfide-bond formation. This data show also that the known suppressive effect of CsA on IL-12/IL-23 secretion form natural producer cells may be due to both transcriptional repression and interference with ER assembly.

Field of study: Medicine
Control of beam halo-chaos via exterior magnetic field self-adaptive control

This paper presents the magnetic field parametric self-adaptive method for controlling the beamhalo-chaos in the period-focusing channel. The method is applied to the multi-particle model with the period-focusing magnetic field channel. The PIC simulation results show that beam halo-chaos for four different kinds of initial proton beams can be controlled effectively, respectively. The beam halos and its regeneration can be eliminated. This method is easy to realize in experiment .The research offers a valuable reference for the design of the periodic focusing channels in the high-current linear proton accelerators.

Field of study: Physics
Collaboration between family physicians and community pharmacists: opinions of graduates in family medicine.

To ascertain the opinions of graduating family physicians about collaboration between family physicians and community pharmacists.



Anonymous online survey.



Two French-Canadian university family medicine residency programs.



The 2010 and 2011 graduating family physicians (N = 343) from the University of Montreal and Laval University in Quebec.



Content of written prescriptions; frequency of and reasons for consultations with community pharmacists; and graduates' perceptions of sharing professional responsibilities with community pharmacists.



The response rate was 54.2%. Overall, graduates were open to collaborating actively with community pharmacists. For example, at least 60% of graduates reported that it was important to write on prescriptions about any changes to patients' medication and creatinine clearance. Most graduates responded positively to sharing responsibility for the adjustment of treatment of patients with certain chronic conditions (88.3% for anticoagulation, 64.7% for hypercholesterolemia, 61.2% for hypertension, and 60.6% for diabetes) and for the initiation of treatment of minor conditions according to a collective prescription (80.6% for traveler's diarrhea, 74.1% for juvenile acne, and 73.6% for allergic rhinitis). However, such interprofessional collaboration requires that each professional group continues to adapt to its roles and responsibilities.



Family medicine graduates are open to actively collaborating with community pharmacists, but they have some reservations regarding sharing certain responsibilities. As collaborative practices are changing, graduates' opinions should be documented once they are actually practising.

Field of study: Medicine
Detection of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Cans

The Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) is known as a good possibility for non destructive detection of cracks in metal down to very small dimensions. To use AET for concrete, an efficient instrumentation for data acquisition and a comprehensive analysis of the signals are required. A measuring device on the basis of a multi-channel transient-recorder was developed at the FMPA. During laboratory tests the wave propagation of the p-, s- and surface-waves in specimen out of concrete or reinforced concrete were investigated. Under field conditions preliminary tests to detect cracks in catching basins (chemical industry) were conducted.

Field of study: Engineering
Integration of macrofossil biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy for the Pacific Coast Upper Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of North America and implications for correlation with the Western Interior and Tethys

New biostratigraphic data obtained from measured stratigraphic sections of Santonian through Maastrichtian age located along the west coast of North America necessitate changes to the currently accepted chronostratigraphic framework for this region of the North Pacific biotic province. We recognize and/or define 12 molluscan zones over this interval of the Upper Cretaceous and propose revisions to the currently accepted integration of ammonite zones with global Upper Cretaceous magnetochrons. Our findings demonstrate that there was significantly more faunal interchange between the North American Pacific Coast and both the Western Interior and Gulf Coast regions of North America during the Late Cretaceous than has previously been recognized, and because of this, novel and direct biostratigraphic correlations can be made. These new faunal correlations are augmented with the magnetostratigraphic record from Pacific Coast localities to arrive at better interregional correlation for the Upper Cretaceous globally. The new integration of the global polarity time scale with the local, west coast ammonite zonation now allows better correlation between sections both within the North Pacific province (but geographically far from our study areas) as well as to sections outside of the province itself. However, we note here that previous correlations between biostratigraphy and the top and bottom of magnetochron 33r in west coast North American sections appear to have been in error due to unrecognized, modern-day normal-field overprint of originally reversed polarity in Upper Cretaceous sections. We reinterpret the position of this chron based on this new information.

Field of study: Geology
Screening phenomena in quantum wells

The electrical conductivity of the 2DHG formed at the interface has been measured on samples with composition 0.05<x<0.29 and carrier sheet densities between and in the temperature range 0.3 K to 1.6 K. It is found that the temperature (T) dependence is described by the superposition of a screening term linear in T and a logarithmic term associated with weak localization and carrier - carrier interactions. We find no evidence for a screening term with a dependence as has been predicted as a consequence of lifetime broadening. The results are in satisfactory quantitative agreement with Gold and Dolgopolov's theory of screening of short-range scattering centres.

Field of study: Materials science
Understanding Patterns of Commitment

Increased interest in and attention to community service in both high schools and colleges suggests the importance of understanding why students participate in community service activities. The literature clearly supplies evidence for high-school students' interest and participation in community service. Data on high-school seniors from the 1970s through the 1990s suggest that 22-24% of seniors report consistent service involvement (Youniss, McLellan, & Yates, 1999). Results from a recent survey conducted by The National Center for Education Statistics of the U.S. Department of Education report that 83% of all public high schools had students involved in school sponsored community service activities and 46% offered service-learning opportunities in the classroom (Westat & Chapman, 1999). Findings from the 2000 survey of first-year college students report that just over 81% of students had performed volunteer work in the past year. However, only 22.7% of students indicated that it was important to participate in a community action program, and 30.9% indicated they valued becoming a community leader (Higher Education Research Institute, 2001). While research suggests that participation in community service in high school predisposes students to continue their involvement in college (Astin & Sax, 1998; Astin, Sax, & Avalos, 1999; Berger & Milem, 2002; Vogelgesang & Astin, 2000), only 23.8% of first-year students in the 2000 survey sample indicated that the chances were very good that they would participate in volunteer or community service work (Higher Education Research Institute, 2001). These data raise questions

Field of study: Education
An Empirical Assessment of Health Workers’ Organisational Commitment in Ghana: A Comparative Analysis

Organizational commitment has been empirically found to be poor among health workers in Ghana. In this paper, we tried to compare health workers’ organizational commitment in the private and public sectors to understand if organizational commitment remains the same across the two sectors. We collected and used data on healthcare institutions in the two sectors using self-administered questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to analyse data. Results suggest that workers in private healthcare institutions have a favourable organizational commitment, whereas their counterparts in the public sector have poor organizational commitment. The validity of our analysis is based on meeting the Measure of Sampling Adequacy criterion at the levels of individual indicator variables and all variables put together with respect to both the private and public sectors. The Bartlett’s test of sphericity was also significant at the chosen level of significance for both sectors [(Private: Chi-square = 173.68; p = .000); (Public: Chi-square = 235.44; p = .000)]. We therefore provisionally accept the hypothesis that organizational commitment is not the same among private and public health workers. The study recommends that managements of the public health institutions must increase attention on the organizational commitment of health workers by enhancing compensation, ensuring fairness in organizational justice and offer satisfactory job designs.

Field of study: Business
Severity of infections in IgA deficiency: correlation with decreased serum antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides and decreased serum IgG2 and/or IgG4

In order to define abnormalities of humoral immunity which determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections in IgA‐deficient adults, serum IgG subclass concentrations, and serum concentrations of pneumococcal antibodies and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) antibodies sera from IgA‐deficient adults with and without susceptibility to respiratory tract infections were compared. Infection susceptibility was not related to the degree of IgA deficiency, but was related to deficiency of IgG4 and, to a lesser extent, IgG2, as well as to low basal serum concentrations of pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies. The combination of IgG2 and/or IgG4 deficiency and a non‐protective basal serum concentration of antibody against two or more pneumococcal polysaccharides was present in the serum of six of 12 (50%) patients with severe infections, but only one of 44 (2%) patients without infections. Furthermore, the preservation of antibody responses against the most immunogenic pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3, but not against the less immunogenic types 7F, 9N and 14, in patients with severe infections suggested that abnormalities of pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody responses might include defects of affinity maturation.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern, 1523-1555. Glenn Ehrstine

has been understood correctly and so long as any allegory we resort to has Christ as its focal point and is compatible with the doctrine of justification by faith. Although Luther does not distinguish very clearly between typology and allegory, the distinction crystallizes in the work of seventeenthand eighteenth-century Lutherans such as Johann Gerhard or Solomon Glassius. The section on Luther's Mariology unfortunately does not include a discussion of its reception by Lutheran orthodoxy. The basic point made by the author is that whereas Luther rejected all notion of Mary as intercessor, he nonetheless attributed to her the special function of one who directs the faithful to Christ. The final section deals with Luther's and his followers' use of extracts, including expurgated Lives of the saints, as moral examples. This too often neglected crucial feature of Lutheran spirituality can be traced back to the reformer's project of publishing (with the help of Major and Spalatin) the expurgated editions (1544) of Vitae patrum and of the Legenda aurea. The persistence of the exempla genre can be documented through innumerable collections of moral examples drawn from diverse sources, which will continue to be published throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The two hitherto unpublished Christological treatises by Johann Gerhard which reflect Luther's own Christological interests, constitute a fitting appendix to Steiger's work. The book's weakest point is its unevenness. Steiger's treatment of the Lutheran reception of the five themes is, as he admits himself, sketchy and as such cannot be considered conclusive although it can serve as an incitement to further research. Some of the cases of reception cited do not seem to bear out Steiger's thesis. Hutter's disputation theses for example (85-103) limit communicatio idiomatum to Christ's two natures and, in marked contrast with Luther's use of the concept, do not extend it to cover other aspects of theology. Moreover, Steiger tends to treat Luther's theology as a block without distinguishing between young and old Luther. This means that he does not tell the reader that the reformer's interest in allegory and moral exempla is a mark of his later years. However, despite a certain unfinished quality, this is one of the most stimulating books on Luther published in recent years. We can only hope that it will bring similar research in its wake. IRENA BACKUS University of Geneva

Field of study: History
Redesigning nucleic acids

A research program has applied the tools of synthetic organic chemistry to systematically modify the structure of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides to learn more about the chemical principles underlying their ability to store and transmit genetic information. Oligonucleotides (as opposed to nucleosides) have long been overlooked by synthetic organic chemists as targets for structural modification. Synthetic chemistry has now yielded oligonucleotides with 12 replicatable letters, modified backbones, and new insight into why Nature chose the oligonucleotide structures that she did.

Field of study: Chemistry
Feasibility of a Single-Subject Protocol to Shift Young Children’s Sleep Schedules

The objective of this study is to describe children’s adherence to changing sleep schedules within a small-scale, single-subject, at-home sleep manipulation experiment. Subjects were six healthy children (male = 4, ages 6–8). Children underwent: baseline, a 7-day self-selected sleep pattern; Condition A1, a 3- to 12-day stabilized sleep pattern (assigned time into/out of bed set at baseline averages); Condition B, a 3- to 12-day phase-delayed sleep pattern (time into/out of bed 2 h later than Condition A); and Condition A2, a 3- to 7-day return-to-stabilized sleep pattern (time into/out of bed at Baseline averages, identical to Condition A1). All children completed conditions. Per parent report, adherence to assigned time into/out of bed was good; sleep onset/offset adherence was variable. Within this small-scale, short-term sleep manipulation, children effectively got into/out of bed at assigned times despite manipulating sleep schedules by 2 h. However, they struggle to shift their sleep onset and offset times to match the time they were in bed.

Field of study: Psychology
Tracking and Analyzing of Mobile IP Communication Simulation Based on OPNET

Based on OPNET simulation console,this paper designs a simple mobile IP network,simulates and tracks its communication process,understands the data flowing routing,the capsulation and decapsulation of the packets,the communication of the mobile IP network through different networks in different stages,analyzes the simulation data of sending and receiving,evaluates the entire performance of the network,which can offer reference to designing and optimizing the mobile IP network.

Field of study: Engineering
Low-Moisture Switchgrass Bulk-Format Logistics Costs Based on Engineering Data

Logistics costs that spanned harvest, transport, storage, preprocessing, and year-round delivery of 371,870 dMg year-1 of milled, low-moisture switchgrass (SG) to a local biorefinery were determined for bulk-format versus round-bale systems. Separate spreadsheet analyses were conducted for three diesel fuel prices ($0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1) because of the wide range of fuel prices during the project. A detailed analysis scenario identified a common harvest period, equipment annual use, other equipment uses, and protected SG storage on gravel pad, along with equipment performances based on previously published tests primarily for commercially available equipment. The bulk-format system used a depot equipped with stacker/reclaimer technology for storage, whereas the round-bale system used field-side bale stacks for storage, with both systems assuming 6% losses, primarily attributed to storage. Results indicated total costs for bulk-format versus round-bale systems of $54.63 per dry Mg (dMg-1), $60.41 dMg-1, and $66.21 dMg-1 versus $54.59 dMg-1, $62.10 dMg-1, and $67.93 dMg-1 corresponding with diesel fuel costs of $0.53 L-1, $0.92 L-1, and $1.32 L-1, respectively. The most significant bulk-format system total cost of $22.79 dMg-1 was associated with a stacker/reclaimer, conveyance, and dust collection at the depot, which was 42% of total costs at a diesel fuel cost of $0.53 L-1. For the round-bale system, bale chopping total costs was highest and represented an average of 27% of total costs, with costs ranging from $14.63 dMg-1 to $19.08 dMg-1 for diesel fuel input costs ranging from $0.53 L-1 to $1.32 L-1, respectively. For comparison, the forage harvester provided harvesting and chopping in the bulk-format system at total costs ranging from $6.47 dMg-1 to $8.80 dMg-1 across the same range of diesel fuel input cost. The forage harvester provided an economic advantage in size reduction compared to tub grinding. Truck hauling for both the bulk-format and round-bale systems represented significant expenses at all selected fuel costs. In addition, the multiple times that round bales were handled represented accumulating costs that were sensitive to diesel fuel costs.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
SU-E-J-242: Post-Treatment Planning Tool for Estimating Dose Distribution Delivered to Spinal Radiosurgery Patients Based On Measured Intra-Fraction Positional Data.

To demonstrate feasibility and utility of a planning tool for post treatment reconstruction of delivered dose distribution based on measured patient motion. The spinal cord dose limits in clinical use are based on planned dosimetric data which can significantly differ from delivered dose. This tool can be utilized to correlate clinical outcomes to delivered dose METHODS AND MATERIALS: ur previous studies have shown that without intrafraction motion management, patients can move up to 3mm. The current institutional protocol requires intrafraction motion management by stereoscopic imaging prior to each treatment field. Patients are repositioned when 1mm tolerance is exceeded. Dosimetric effects of 62 spinal radiosurgery patients were investigated by simulating patient motion. For each patient plan, three additional plans were created, where the planning isocenter was shifted towards the cord by 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, for a total of 248 plans. D95% was evaluated for the target volume and D0.035cc and V10Gy were evaluated for the spinal cord.



D95% decreased up to 3%, 9% and 15% for 1mm, 2mm and 3mm shifts correspondingly. These shifts resulted in D0.035cc exceeding 12Gy in 26%, 55% and 76% of patients, respectively, while previous work revealed that patients with a 1mm shift exceeded the 12Gy dose Dmax constraint 51% of the time. These respective shifts also resulted in 53%, 65% and 74% exceeding the constraint limit of 10Gy dose to 10% of the spinal cord outlined 6 mm above and below the target volume.



We have shown that delivered dose distributions can significantly differ from planned dose distributions. Spinal cord dose limits in clinical use are based on planned data, assuming no patient motion. This tool can be utilized to estimate delivered dose distribution and correlate clinical outcomes to delivered dose data.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Research on polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 in preeclampsia

目的 探讨HLA-DRB1基因与子痫前期相关性.方法采用序列特异性引物技术(PCR-SSP)对119例子痫前期患者、117例正常孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-DRB1等位基因分型,比较其基因频率.结果共检出13种等位基因,两组孕母或两组新生儿间,其HLA-DRB1等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(Pc＞0.05);子痫前期组和正常晚孕组母婴所携带HLA-DRB1*04、-DRB1*10、-DRB1*14等位基因配伍差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论母婴所携带某些HLA-DRB1基因配伍与子痫前期易感性或抗性相关;父源性HLA-DRB1*04基因与子痫前期易感性相关。

Field of study: Biology