nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychotic forms of atypical autism in children

: The aim of the study was to determine clinical borders of psychotic forms of atypical autism in children, its psychopathological and age-specific manifestations as well as nosological peculiarities and to specify its pathogenetic features. Eighty patients with childhood endogenous autism, Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome have been studied during 14 years. The study showed that psychoses similar by symptoms and course, which are characterized by attacks and regressive-catatonic disorders, may develop in the course of atypical autism. These psychoses develop on the background of dysontogenesis with consequent replacement of the following stages: autistic, regressive, catatonic, with returning to the autistic stage between attacks. Psychopathological similarity of these psychoses in different disorders correlated with EEG changes of the same type (appearance of the marked I-rhythm at the regressive stage of psychosis).

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Giant coronary artery aneurysm mimicking a compressive cardiac tumor Imaging features and operative strategy.

Giant atheromatous coronary aneurysms mimicking a cardiac tumor remain exceptional. We report the case of a patient who experienced a severe inferior myocardial infarction related to a giant thrombosed coronary aneurysm masquerading a cardiac tumor and compressing right cardiac cavities with mechanical detrimental consequences on tricuspid, mitral and aortic valvular competence. The contribution of imaging was essential to assess diagnosis, understand the physiopathogeny of myocardial and valvular consequences and plan the optimal surgical strategy.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Similarity and decision-making under risk (is there a utility theory resolution to the Allais paradox?)

It is argued that the Allais paradox reveals a certain property of the decision scheme we use to determine the preference of one lottery over another. The decision scheme is based on the use of similarity relations on the probability and prize spaces. It is proved that for every pair of similarity relations there is essentially only one preference consistent with the decision scheme and the similarities. It is claimed that the result shows a basic difficulty in reconciling utility theory with experimental data.

Field of study: Economics
Easy Preparative Route for ZnO Nanoparticles Using Tetrabutylammonium Bromide Assisted Ultrasonic Irradiation

In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by an ultrasonic irradiation method in presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as surfactant. The nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The measurements showed highly crystalline material with ZnO nanostructures size of about 25×100 nm. Their optical properties were also evaluated from UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. UV-vis spectroscopy study revealed that as ultrasonic irradiation time increases, there is increase in amount of ZnO nanoparticles formed and also there is a red shift in the absorption edge. PL spectra depicted that the ZnO nanostructures display violet visible light emitting band. The formation of fluorescent nanostructures stable in aqueous media is highly desirable in many potential applications, including biological labels (has a high potential for specific targeting in bioimaging probes and for recognition studies in biosensing applications).

Field of study: Materials science
Fermentation processing techniques for black raspberry wine

The technique for producing special wine with black raspberry was introduced,and the influence of process parameters such as yeast strain,inoculation amount,amount of used sulfur dioxide and fermentation temperature on the quality of black raspberry wine were assayed in this paper.The results showed that the best fermentation conditions with single strain Y3 are 0.007% inoculation amount,40 mg·L-1 sulfur dioxide consumption,primary fermentation temperature at 23℃,later fermentation temperature at 16℃ for 3 months maturation,and then PVPP(polyvinylpolypyeeolidone) was used as clarifying agent and the suitable concentration of PVPP was 1.7 g·L-1.The wine presents limpid and clear ruby colour,with tipical and rich aromas of black raspberry as well as mellow.Undiluted bouquet can be reached under above fermentation technology.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The modern staged repair of bladder exstrophy in the female: a contemporary series.

Many changes have occurred in the treatment of bladder exstrophy over the last few years and several repairs are now offered, but there is a lack of long-term follow-up data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in a select group of female patients in whom modern staged repair was undertaken.



From an institutionally approved database 41 patients were identified. All had undergone primary bladder exstrophy closure in 1988-2005, at a mean age of 2 months (range 4h to 3 months), with or without an osteotomy by a single surgeon, and all were followed up for a minimum of 5 years. Twelve patients underwent osteotomy at the time of primary closure. Eight had a classic transverse innominate and vertical iliac osteotomy, and four a transverse innominate only. Mean age at the time of bladder neck repair (BNR) was 4.2 years (39-65 months). Mean measured bladder capacity under gravity cystograms at the time of repair was 109 cc (80-179 cc).



Thirty patients (74%) were continent day and night, and voiding per urethra without augmentation or intermittent catheterization. Social continence, defined as dry for more than 3h during the day but damp at night, was found in a further four cases (10%). Seven patients are completely incontinent with dry intervals of less than 1h day and night. The mean time to daytime continence was 12 months (4-16 months) and to night-time continence was 19 months (10-28 months). Patients with a mean capacity greater than 100 cc had better outcomes. Six of the 30 patients achieved dryness after primary closure only, and all six had transverse innominate and vertical iliac osteotomy at the time of primary closure.



Female classic exstrophy patients with a good template who develop adequate capacity after a successful primary closure can achieve acceptable continence without bladder augmentation and intermittent catheterization. A select group will develop continence with closure alone without the need for bladder neck repair.

Field of study: Medicine
Dilemmas of and outlets for physical education major in universities in China from the perspective of disciplinary category

From the perspective of disciplinary category, the author examined the development of physical education major in universities in China, and put forward the following opinions: the orientation and management developed by universities in China towards physical education major was too vague and general; major status uplifting was restricted by the lack of high-caliber talents; major setup was not highly action-specific; students' social adaptation ability was poor; physical education major had an unfavorable humanistic environment, and a not so good teaching and learning atmosphere, etc; these problems reflected that it is not the right time for physical education discipline to be upgraded to an independent disciplinary category, and that there are a lot of work to do in terms of physical education major construction.

Field of study: Education
Comparative analysis of HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B as low GWP alternatives to HFC-134a in moderately high temperature heat pumps

This study provides a theoretical comprehensive performance and environmental analysis of the hydrofluoroolefin HFO-1234ze(E) and the mixture R-515B as alternative low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants to replace the hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a in heat pumps. Single-stage cycle, including the use of internal heat exchanger (IHX) has been used as a reference configuration. The influence of an IHX has been simulated to present the benefits of this component in vapour compression systems for medium and moderately high temperature heating applications. HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B provide around 25% lower heating capacity than HFC-134a due to a diminution of latent heat of vaporization and suction density. The heating capacity difference between HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B becomes not greater than 2%. The heating coefficient of performance (COP) of the alternative low-GWP refrigerants is comparable to the reference HFC-134a in the conditions proposed. The environmental analysis illustrates that HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B can reduce down to 18% and 15%, respectively, the equivalent CO2 emissions compared to HFC-134a in low-temperature space heating applications, and down to 78% compared to a natural gas boiler as conventional heating technology in moderately high temperature applications (domestic hot water, industrial processes, and radiators). Although HFO-1234ze(E) and R-515B present comparable efficiency and environmental performance, R-515B, exhibits an advantage in installation safety requirements as a non-flammable refrigerant (A1).

Field of study: Engineering
Optimization of microstructure and properties of acceptor-doped barium cerate

The presented research concerns acceptor doped barium cerate and the attempts of improvement of its production method that would allow obtaining the solid electrolyte characterized by the particular properties. The authors suggest combining two production methods, molten salt synthesis and self-combustion, in order to achieve the compound material that has some of the advantages of both of the initial methods. An impact of nickel addition on the phase purity, morphology, density and conductivity of the sample was also studied. The results of the investigation appeared to be very promising, as the resulting sample meets the requirements typical for proton conductors.

Field of study: Materials science
TwinPeaks: An approach for certificateless public key distribution for the internet and internet of things

The current public key infrastructure (PKI) has thorny issues like the overhead of certificate revocations and the consequence of fraudulent certificates. To address such issues, we propose TwinPeaks, which is an infrastructure to distribute public keys of named entities on the Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT). TwinPeaks leverages certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC), where a key generation center (KGC) cannot know the private key of its member, and hence its compromise will not result in member key leakage. By extending CL-PKC, the public key of an entity becomes dependent on any combination of its networking parameters; thus TwinPeaks can thwart spoofing attacks systematically. With TwinPeaks, the public key of every named entity is distributed online while addressing the PKI’s vulnerabilities. TwinPeaks has public key servers, which constitute the domain name system (DNS)-like hierarchical tree structure. For each parent-child link in the tree, the parent node serves as a key generation center (KGC), and its child nodes set up their own public/secret key pairs by interacting with the KGC as proposed in CL-PKC. In this way, every named entity (e.g., a domain name) has its own public/secret key pair. Thus, a public key of an entity will be provided to a user by its key server as the DNS response is returned to the user by its DNS server. TwinPeaks removes certificates and hence has no revocation overhead. Instead, each named entity should keep/update its networking parameters and public key up-to-date in its DNS server and key server, respectively. By making its public key depend on both its Internet protocol (IP) address and domain name, the compromise of a single entity (e.g., a DNS or key server) cannot lead to successful impersonation. TwinPeaks achieves scalable distribution of public keys since public keys can be cached long term. We also show that TwinPeaks can be applied to the IoT environments by extending the naming scheme.

Field of study: Computer science
PIF4 and PIF5 regulate axillary branching via bud abscisic acid and stem auxin signaling.

The ratio of red light to far-red light (R:FR) is perceived by phytochrome B (phyB) and informs plants of nearby competition. A low R:FR indicative of competition induces the shade avoidance syndrome and suppresses branching by incompletely understood mechanisms. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are transcription factors targeted by phytochromes to evoke photomorphogenic responses. PIF4 and PIF5 promote shade avoidance responses and become inactivated by direct interaction with active phyB in the nucleus. Here, genetic and physiological assays show that PIF4 and PIF5 contribute to the suppression of branching resulting from phyB loss of function and a low R:FR, though roles for other PIFs or pathways may exist. The suppression of branching is associated with PIF4/PIF5 promotion of the expression of the branching inhibitor BRANCHED 1 and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in axillary buds, and is dependent on the function of the key ABA biosynthetic enzyme NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3. However, PIF4/PIF5 function is not confined to a single hormonal pathway, as they also promote stem indole-3-acetic acid accumulation and stimulate systemic auxin signaling, which contribute to the suppression of bud growth when phyB is inactive. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Field of study: Environmental science
On intrinsic Stokes shift in wide GaN/AlGaN polar quantum wells

The interpretation of electromodulated reflectance (ER) spectra of polar quantum wells (QWs) is difficult even for homogeneous structures because of the built-in electric field. In this work we compare the room temperature contactless ER and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of polar GaN/AlGaN QWs with the effective-mass band structure calculations. We show that the emission from the ground state transition is observed in PL but the ER is dominated by transitions between excited states. This effect results from the polarization-induced built-in electric field in QW that breaks the selection rules that apply to square-like QWs, allowing many optical transitions which cannot be separately distinguished in the ER spectrum. We develop the guidelines for the identification of optical transitions observed in PL and ER spectra. We conclude that an intrinsic Stokes shift, i.e., a shift between emission and absorption, is present even for homogeneous GaN/AlGaN QWs with large width, where the electron–hole wavefunction overlap for the fundamental transition is weak.

Field of study: Physics
Dietary intakes and biochemical status of B vitamins in a group of children receiving dialysis.

We investigated the dietary intake and biochemical status of B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) in a group of mainly unsupplemented children with endstage renal disease receiving dialysis, to determine if B vitamin supplementation is indicated.



This was a cross-sectional, observational clinical trial.



Children with endstage renal disease were receiving dialysis, under the care of Renal Services, at Starship Children's Health (Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand).



We studied 12 children (including 7 girls, and 8 children receiving peritoneal dialysis) mean age 7.8 +/- 5.3 years (SD).



Three-day diet records were collected and analyzed with FoodWorks software. Blood was collected for vitamin assay testing.



Dietary intake of B vitamins was measured as a percentage of recommended dietary intake (RDI) or adequate intakes (AIs) for age. Biochemical status was measured as the concentration of each B vitamin compared with reference ranges.



Mean intakes from diet alone comprised <100% of the RDI or AI for each B vitamin. Mean intakes, with nutritional support, reached >100% of the RDI or AI for each B vitamin. All children achieved >100% RDI or AI for thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B12. Two children who were not receiving nutritional support received <100% of the RDI for vitamin B6. Blood levels of B vitamins were normal to high, compared with reference ranges, for each B vitamin in all children, indicating adequate status.



Intakes were adequate in the majority of children. Status was adequate in all children. In this group of children undergoing dialysis, B-vitamin supplementation was not indicated.

Field of study: Medicine
A submillimetre galaxy at z = 4.76 in the LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South

We report on the identification of the highest redshift submillimetre-selected source currently known LESS J033229.4−275619. This source was detected in the Large Apex Bolometer Camera (LABOCA) Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S) Submillimetre Survey (LESS), a sensitive 870-μm survey (σ_(870 μm)∼ 1.2 mJy) of the full 30 × 30 arcmin_2 ECDF-S with the LABOCA on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. The submillimetre emission is identified with a radio counterpart for which optical spectroscopy provides a redshift of z= 4.76 . We show that the bolometric emission is dominated by a starburst with a star formation rate of ∼1000 M_⊙ yr^(−1), although we also identify a moderate luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) in this galaxy. Thus it has characteristics similar to those of z∼ 2 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs), with a mix of starburst and obscured AGN signatures. This demonstrates that ultraluminous starburst activity is not just restricted to the hosts of the most luminous (and hence rare) quasi-stellar objects at z∼ 5 , but was also occurring in less extreme galaxies at a time when the Universe was less than 10 per cent of its current age. Assuming that we are seeing the major phase of star formation in this galaxy, then we demonstrate that it would be identified as a luminous distant red galaxy at z∼ 3 and that the current estimate of the space density of z > 4 SMGs is only sufficient to produce ≳10 per cent of the luminous red galaxy population at these early times. However, this leaves open the possibility that some of these galaxies formed through less intense, but more extended star formation events. If the progenitors of all of the luminous red galaxies at z∼ 3 go through an ultraluminous starburst at z≳ 4 then the required volume density of z > 4 SMGs will exceed that predicted by current galaxy formation models by more than an order of magnitude.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Hematological Parameters and von Willebrand Factor Functional Activity Levels in Asymptomatic Male and Female Arab Smokers

This study aimed at determining the effects of cigarette smoking based on gender, on several hematological parameters and von Willebrand factor protein in the asymptomatic Arab population of Kuwait.  Ninety-two subjects participated in this study: 55 males (31 smokers and 24 nonsmokers) and 37 females (18 smokers and 19 nonsmokers). Complete blood count results were obtained using Beckman Coulter Hematology Analyzer. Von Willebrand factor functional activity was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay-based test in which anti-von Willebrand factor IgG monoclonal antibody was used that recognizes a functional epitope of the protein. The coagulation profile was obtained using ACL® 9000 coagulation analyzer.  Male smokers had significantly higher levels of white blood cell count (p = 0.03) and von Willebrand factor protein levels (p = 0.029), and a significantly shorter thrombin time (p = 0.019) than nonsmokers. Smoking did not appear to affect any of the parameters analyzed in females as no significant difference was found between smokers and nonsmokers (p > 0.05).  Our results showed that smoking affected white blood cell count and von Willebrand factor levels in males and not in females, and as such could be potential markers for smoking-induced endothelial damage in asymptomatic Arab male smokers.

Field of study: Medicine
Prepare yourself : editor's note

The start of another year always makes me reflect on the year that has passed. What is it about this time of year that triggers introspection? Maybe it's the "out with the old and in with the new" mindset. I usually begin by conducting a personal inventory of the wins and losses of the past year, finding gratitude for where I am today, and making new resolutions for the year ahead.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Observation of magnetophonon resonance oscillations in open-gap Hg1-x-yCdxMnyTe grown by LPE

Open-gap n-type Hg1-x-yCdxMnyTe crystals have been successfully grown on CdTe substrates by the LPE method from Hg-rich solutions. Using the high-quality crystals with y=0.01-0.02 grown by this method, the authors have succeeded in observing the magnetophonon resonance oscillations and the magnetic quantum oscillations due to the Auger recombination process. These oscillations are analysed based on the modified Pidgeon-Brown model. In both types of the oscillations, the temperature dependence of the observed peak positions is found to be stronger than those predicted by the model which includes the temperature dependence of the energy gap Eg. The origin of their anomaly is discussed.

Field of study: Materials science
The effect of void fraction model on estimation of air conditioner system performance variables under a range of refrigerant charging conditions

One variable required for modelling the heat transfer and pressure drop of refrigerant inside air conditioner evaporators and condensers is the void fraction. Eight void fraction models were used in a refrigeration system model to evaluate their impact on the estimation of important system variables in an air conditioner as a function of charging. The void fraction models included: (i) homogeneous, (ii) Lockhart and Martinelli, (iii) Thom, (iv) Zivi, (v) Baroczy, (vi) Hughmark, (vii) Premoli and (viii) Tandon. The system variables considered included: power, capacity, refrigerant flow, subcooling and superheat. Comparisons were made with a 10.6 kW capacity air conditioner with capillary tube expansion. Results indicate that the Hughmark void fraction model appeared to provide the best comparison to measured data over the range of charging conditions considered.

Field of study: Engineering
Oxidative stress in paracetamol-induced pathogenesis: (I). Renal damage.

The effect of administration of paracetamol (1 g/kg body wt) on oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the kidney was studied at various time intervals in adult male Wistar rats. Iindicators of oxidative stress, such as protein thiol, protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxide levels were assayed along with thiol-dependent enzyme activities, glutamine synthase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol-induced renal damage after 4 hr of administration was evidenced by elevation in plasma creatinine levels and the presence of acute tubular necrosis on histological examination of the kidney. No significant change in any other parameters was observed, except for decreased glutathione level. An increase in lipid peroxide level was observed at 24 hr after treatment. The results suggest that oxidative stress may not play a causative role, but contribute to the pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced renal damage.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics