nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlations between Standard English and Dialectical Spanish Versions of Five Personality Scales

Although there have been increased attempts to provide bilingual, bicultural mental health services to Spanish-speaking residents of major Southwestern cities, little effort has been directed toward the development and testing of Spanish versions of easily administered personality scales for use in assessment, treatment, and evaluation. The Spanish versions of the five tests were developed for use as a part of a project involving native Spanish-speaking clients at the Austin Child Guidance Clinic. Tests selected for the project included the Rational Behavior Inventory that provides an index of rational beliefs based on 37 items scored on a five-point Likert scale (2, 3, 4) . Other scales included a five-item Anomia scale developed by Srole; a 10-item Self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg; a 10-item Dogmatism scale developed by Schulze; and a 4-item Authoritarianism scale developed by Lane ( 1 ) . A preliminary version of each scale was developed by integrating independently developed stimulus items constructed by rwo native bilingual social work students of Mexican descent. The preliminary items were then independently reviewed by two native bilingual social workers of Mexican descent for choice of words, sentence construction, and verbal flow. The final items were then selected jointly by the social work professionals. Thirty-two native bilingual students of Mexican descent from four sections of a lower division Mexican American studies class at the University of Texas at Austin completed both the Spanish and English versions of the test. Half of the students first complered the English version followed by the Spanish version of the test, and the others completed the test in the opposite order. Correlation coefficients computed for the English and Spanish versions of each test were all significant ( p < .DO1 ) . Values of the correlations included: Rational Behavior Inventory (.93 ) , Self-esteem scale ( .91), Anomia scale (.97 ) , Authoritarianism scale (.77), and the Dogmatism scale ( .88). Differences between the means of the English and Spanish versions of all five tests were analyzed using t test. Means and standard deviations for the English and Spanish versions, respectively, were: Rational Behavior Inventory (22.78 and 5.33; 23.34 and 5.63), Self-esteem scale (8.08 and 2.20; 7.83 and 2.41), Anomia scale (2.31 and 1.51; 2.17 and 1.47), Authoritarianism scale (2.00 and 1.16; 1.93 and 1.24), and Dogmatism scale (4.69 and 1.89; 4.86 and 2.10). A significant difference between mean scores was found only for the Anomia scale ( p < .05). The difference between the mean scores on the English and Spanish versions of the Anomia scale were small but significant; SDs were small. These results provide preliminary support for use of the Spanish dialectical versions of the four scales.

Field of study: Psychology
Three-Level Models for Indirect Effects in School- and Class-Randomized Experiments in Education

Due to the clustered nature of field data, multi-level modeling has become commonly used to analyze data arising from educational field experiments. While recent methodological literature has focused on multi-level mediation analysis, relatively little attention has been devoted to mediation analysis when three levels (e.g., student, class, school) are present in a study setting. This article presents analysis models that can be used to test indirect effects in experimental designs having three levels where random assignment is at the third (school) or second (class) level and where the indirect effect may be random. In the presentation, simulated datasets are used to illustrate model specification and results interpretation for hypothetical three-level educational experiments involving mediation and moderation of treatment effects.

Field of study: Education
[Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and genetic characterization of enterovirus A71: a survey from 2007 to 2012 in Linyi of Shandong Province, China].

To investigate the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in Linyi of Shandong Province, China during 2007-2012. The number of reported HFMD cases were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method; the VP1 region of EV-A71 isolated from HFMD patients in Linyi was amplified and sequenced. Finally, the genetic variability and phylogenecity of VP1 sequences of EV-A71 were analyzed by MEGA 5.0. The results showed that HFMD incidence was reported in each year from 2007 to 2012 in Linyi, and the highest incidence and mortality were reported in 2009, when there were total 14697 cases and 9 of death. The reported incidence was 140.28/100000, and the mortality was 0.086/100000. The peak incidence usually occurred between April and July, and the summit occurred in May. Scattered children accounted for 77.37%-92.00% of all cases. The peak age was 2.5 years during 2007-2009 and 1.5 years during 2010-2012. A total of 1365 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases were reported in the 6 consecutive years, accounting for 2.98% of the gross number. Among these reports, the ratio of EV-A71 was 44.18%, and the ratio of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was 46.59%. All EV-A71 strains isolated in Linyi during 2007-2012 belonged to the C4a evolutionary branch of C4 genotype. In conclusion, HFMD outbreaks occurred every year in Linyi during 2007-2012. Incidence varied significantly among different counties. The peak incidence in each year lasted from April to July. Most of the patients were children under 3 years of age, and scattered children took the highest proportion. Co-circulation of EV-A71 and CVA16 was the major cause of HFMD in each year. Since the first report of HFMD prevalence caused by EV-A71 (C4a) in 2007, the virus has been prevalent continuously in Linyi for 6 years.

Field of study: Biology
A stochastic procedure to solve linear ill-posed problems

In this work, we propose a stochastic procedure of Robbins–Monro type to resolve linear inverse problems in Hilbert space. We study the probability of large deviation between the exact solution and the approximated one and build a confidence domain for the approximated solution while precising the rate of convergence. To check the validity of our work, we give a simulation application into a deconvolution problem.

Field of study: Mathematics
Cytochromes P450-mediated degradation of fuel oxygenates by environmental isolates.

The degradation of fuel oxygenates [methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME)] by Rhodococcus ruber IFP 2001, Rhodococcus zopfii IFP 2005 and Gordonia sp. IFP 2009 (formerly Mycobacterium sp.) isolated from different environments was compared. Strains IFP 2001, IFP 2005 and IFP 2009 grew on ETBE due in part to the activity of a cytochrome P450, CYP249. All of these strains were able to degrade ETBE to tert-butyl alcohol and are harboring the CYP249 cytochrome P450. They were also able to degrade MTBE and TAME, but ETBE was degraded in all cases most efficiently, with degradation rates measured after growth on ETBE of 2.1, 3.5 and 1.6 mmol ETBE g(-1) dry weight h(-1) for strains IFP 2001, IFP 2005 and IFP 2009, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships between the different ethR (encoding the regulator) and ethB (encoding the cytochrome P450) genes were determined and showed high identity between different ethB genes (>99%). Only ETBE was able to induce the expression of ethB in strains IFP 2001 and IFP 2005 as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Our results are a first indication of the possible role played by the ethB gene in the ecology of ETBE degradation.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Decay properties of N ≃ Z nuclei

This review focusses on recent results obtained by using fusion-evaporation reactions for the production of N ≃ Z nuclei, the on-line mass separator of GSI for the preparation of the radioactive samples, and charged-particle and γ-ray detectors for performing decay spectroscopy. The experimental results on prompt and β-delayed disintegration modes are discussed in comparison with theoretical model predictions.

Field of study: Physics
Preparation and application of the Self-rating scale for psychic load in physical education class

Based upon the evaluation practice,using a questionnaire and Rtype maincomponent analysis,this paper constituted an index system evaluating the psychic load capacity in physical education class.Benefiting from the multistage evalation for psychometry,the SelfRating Scale for Psychic load Capacity in Physical Education Class was prepared,a improving proposal for a method surveying the psychic load in physical education class adopting inland at present was suggested.

Field of study: Education
SHAKING TABLE TEST OF BUILDING MODELS IN SQUARE E OF GUANGDONG SCIENCE CENTRE

In order to investigate the seismic performance of Guangdong science Centre,a model of area E in Guangdong science Centre with scale of 1∶35 is fabricated and tested on the large-scale shaking-table with 3 dimensions and 6 degrees of freedom.Based on the test,the self-shaking properties,damping ratios,seismic responses are investigated,and the seismic responses of the prototype structure are analyzed.

Field of study: Engineering
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VII C MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VAK (VISUALISASI, AUDITORI, KINESTETIK)DI MTS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 1 TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu motivasi dan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas VII C MTs Negeri Yogyakarta 1 masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui bagaimana upaya meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas VII C dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran VAK (Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik) di MTsN Yogyakarta 1; dan (2) mengetahui peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas VII C dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran VAK (Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik). 
Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII C MTsN Yogyakarta 1 Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus ditempuh dengan satu kali tindakan dan terdiri atas 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, dokumentasi, angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif model Miles dan Huberman mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diketahui melalui triangulasi metode. Kriteria keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini ditentukan apabila rata-rata persentase indikator motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran IPS mencapai 75%. 
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran VAK pada mata pelajaran IPS di kelas VII C MTsN Yogyakarta 1 dapat dilakukan dengan media powerpoint, menyusun gambar, diskusi, presentasi dan kuis tebak gambar; dan (2) Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari angket menunjukkan peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS yang berdampak pada peningkatan hasil belajar IPS. Data hasil belajar IPS diperoleh dari hasil tes sesudah tindakan. Perolehan hasil pada siklus I masih rendah, tindakan dilanjutkan siklus II. Pada siklus II ini, hasil motivasi dan hasil belajar IPS siswa mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sudah memenuhi kriteria keberhasilan tindakan yakni ≥ 75%, sehingga penelitian ini dikatakan berhasil. 
 
Kata Kunci: motivasi belajar, hasil belajar dan model pembelajaran VAK (Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik).

Field of study: Sociology
Translating Advances in Genomic Research into Clinical Practice: The Challenges Ahead

evidence in support of the genetic elements of diseases, leaves clinicians at the other end of the translation highway with the difficulty of drawing meaningful, reproducible and categorical conclusions, and hence they are unable to use the data clinically. For research and technical advances, one always hopes that there will be actual application of the findings. Not surprisingly, therefore, the translation from ‘bench to bedside’ of genome-related basic research also faces tremendous challenges. Before really summarizing the challenges, one may have to stop and think if this research has the potential to be converted into clinical practice at all. For multifactorial disorders like type 2 diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypertension or mood disorders, the record of genetic linkages and subsequent translation for disease prevention by adopting these into clinical practice has been far less productive through conventional routes of causal gene discovery. This was primarily because the magnitude of the effects of a single gene variation on susceptibility to these multifactorial diseases is too subtle to make any inferences and link a gene to a disease, which would have allowed detection by traditional single genesingle disease linkage approaches. This is where the Human Genome Project and related high-profile genomic Ever since the discovery of the double helix model for DNA structure, there has been tremendous euphoria about the impact of DNA on human health. About 10 years ago, when the draft of the human genome sequence was announced, expectations about genomic medicine were further raised  , despite the realization that the real impact on medicine and health care would happen as a function of decades and not in real time. The Human Genome Project inspired several related collaborative efforts that supplemented cumulative knowledge on the genome-wide association of novel gene variants, gene modifications or alternate chromosomal loci with common diseases and disorder phenotypes. Careful examination of the available microarray data and identification and comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between patients and healthy populations have led to associations of many gene variants that so far were not suspected to be related to the phenotypes [2] . Basic understanding of human genes and proteins involved in the disease pathway and screening of mutations in critical enzyme(s) (mostly SNPs), and their association with disease predisposition  , represent a significant advancement of genome research. The logarithmic growth of new ‘omics’ technologies, while quenching the thirst for knowledge of basic scientists who need unprejudiced  August 20, 2010 Accepted: November 29, 2010

Field of study: Medicine
Hybrid-System Based Integrated Network Security Supervision System Model

In view of the complexity of network behavior among the hybrid systems,the technology and management of existing network systems are lack of enough effective security supervision measures for the great capability of the raw data.This paper developed a system model to supervise the security of network system,by normalizing and integrating the raw data from hybrid data-sources(including Syslog and traffic etc.),then using data-mining and wavelet technology to analyze the integrated information.At last this system used correlation rules,traffic rules and rule sequential pattern to analyze and drew out a visual conclusion of the network system security status which helps to adjust policy to enhance the system security.

Field of study: Computer science
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS AFTER EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE

An experimental program was carried out to study the behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by enlarging section area only on the single surface of the original columns after exposure to high temperature up to 800oC. A total of 11 specimens strengthened with different strength grade concretes were cast and tested with different loading positions. The tested ultimate load capacity, deformation and failure modes of specimens are presented in the paper. These test results can be used for accurately analyzing and designing reinforced concrete columns strengthened by using section enlargement method after exposure to fire.

Field of study: Engineering
Properties of the distance matrix of a tree

In a recent paper, Hakimi and Yau  have given the necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix D to be the distance matrix of a linear graph. They also give a computational technique for determining a tree realization if it exists. The purpose of this note is to exhibit certain interesting algebraic properties of the distance matrix of a tree. Two algorithms for tree realization emerge from these properties. However, these algorithms are not elaborated on as there are many computational techniques which are faster than the original method proposed by Hakimi and Yau. Let G be a nonoriented weighted linear graph with n + 1 vertices and m edges, such that the weight assigned to edge i is a positive number . The length of any path from node i to node j is the sum of the weights of the edges in that path; the distance da between nodes i and j is the length of the shortest path from i to j, with dti taken as zero. The matrix whose elements are da is the distance matrix D. This development is limited to graphs which are trees [2], It is convenient to introduce the path matrix of a tree. If an arbitrary vertex r is taken as a reference vertex, then the path matrix P is defined as follows.

Field of study: Mathematics
Recent progress on the determination of the symmetry Energy

We summarize the current status on constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy from terrestrial laboratory measurements and astrophysical observations. While the value $E_{sym}({\rho_{0}})$ and density slope $L$ of the symmetry energy at saturation density $\rho_{0}$ can vary largely depending on the data or methods, all the existing constraints are essentially consistent with $E_{sym}({\rho_{0}}) = 31 \pm 2$ MeV and $L = 50 \pm 20$ MeV. The determination of the supra-saturation density behavior of the symmetry energy remains a big challenge.

Field of study: Physics
The German Central Health Fund-recent developments in health care financing in Germany.

In 2009, Germany's Statutory Health Insurance System underwent a major financing reform. A uniform contribution rate set by government was introduced. Sickness funds retain only limited autonomy in charging additional premiums. A dynamic subsidy from general revenue was introduced. The aims of the reform were: (1) intensifying competition, (2) gearing competition towards quality and efficiency, and (3) increasing financial sustainability. This article describes the reform, presents the experiences made, and evaluates whether the policy aims have been met. Experiences have been mixed: on the one hand, the new arrangement showed a high level of flexibility in dealing with the severe recession in 2009. On the other hand, the new system of price differentiation has proven to be dysfunctional. Payments to sickness funds are based on predictions. But predictions have been of limited accuracy, and this has led to an accumulation of liquidity in the system. Price competition has been effectively eliminated. The intended surge in quality and product competition failed to appear, as sickness funds remain concerned mainly with their short term financial outlook. SHI finance has become more linked to the federal budget, leading to a higher level of political interventions. These arrangements will need a new reform - probably after the next general election in autumn 2013.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Measuring depressive symptomatology of patients referred to a behavioral medicine clinic: Concordance of self-report measures

We measured depressive symptomatology of 134 outpatient veterans treated within a Behavioral Medicine Clinic utilizing three reliable instruments with depression subscales: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP), and Symptom Checklist 90—Revised (SCL-90-R). Results indicate that although the instruments correlate significantly, they differ in sensitivity to depression and are clinically discordant. The MMPI classified a substantially higher number of patients as depressed than either the DSP or SCL-90-R. The present study argues that the discrepancy in clinical concordance and sensitivity of the three depression scales has considerable implications for psychologists concerned with the assessment and treatment of depression.

Field of study: Psychology
ASGARD: A LARGE SURVEY FOR SLOW GALACTIC RADIO TRANSIENTS. I. OVERVIEW AND FIRST RESULTS

Searches for slow radio transients and variables have generally focused on extragalactic populations, and the basic parameters of Galactic populations remain poorly characterized. We present a large 3 GHz survey performed with the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) that aims to improve this situation: ASGARD, the ATA Survey of Galactic Radio Dynamism. ASGARD observations spanned two years with weekly visits to 23 deg{sup 2} in two fields in the Galactic plane, totaling 900 hr of integration time on science fields and making it significantly larger than previous efforts. The typical blind unresolved source detection limit was 10 mJy. We describe the observations and data analysis techniques in detail, demonstrating our ability to create accurate wide-field images while effectively modeling and subtracting large-scale radio emission, allowing standard transient-and-variability analysis techniques to be used. We present early results from the analysis of two pointings: one centered on the microquasar Cygnus X-3 and one overlapping the Kepler field of view (l = 76 Degree-Sign , b = +13. Degree-Sign 5). Our results include images, catalog statistics, completeness functions, variability measurements, and a transient search. Out of 134 sources detected in these pointings, the only compellingly variable one is Cygnus X-3, and no transients aremore » detected. We estimate number counts for potential Galactic radio transients and compare our current limits to previous work and our projection for the fully analyzed ASGARD data set.« less

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Van Hove singularities on the upper critical field

We present a study of the superconducting pairing susceptibility KT(r) for a two-dimensional isotropic system with a strong power-law divergence in the density of states N()~-1 + 1/b, b>1. We show that the pair propagator has the scaling form KT(r) = rb-3F(T1/br). An anomalous short-range behaviour is found, leading straightforwardly to positive curvature in the upper critical field, for b2, and to a zero-temperature divergence, Hc2~T-2 + 4/b, for b>2.

Field of study: Physics