nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligeance and Love to Mother Land Formed Beautiful Tragedy which Knocks Human's Spirit——To discuss mentality content of "Lisao" and personality attraction from Quyuan

The "Lisao", which is a river idyl written by litterateur Quyuan, is a famous autobiographical works through the age, and a book which is read certainly by fans of ancientry Chinese. Since the works was birth, it had lasted for more than 2300 years. For the words is hard to be understood, the length is too long, and the consecution is too much, it's difficult to combine between realism and romanticsm on art, it's too difficult to master the mentality content of the works and the personality attraction from Quyuan exactly while studing. For above-mentioned reason, this article introduces the "Lisao"'s mentality content, emotion growth thread and Quyuan's affection of love to his motherland by analysing the works structure.

Field of study: Education
P111 Cationic conductances in human pulmonary fibroblasts

Patch-clamp studies were performed in human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF) at rest and during stimulation with TGFβ, hyposmotic media (to simulate stretch), and heat. We obtained evidence for several distinct cationic conductances: 

1. a large K+-current sensitive to TEA (10 mM) or paxillin …

Field of study: Medicine
The optical absorption coefficient of HgTe-CdTe superlattices-theory and experiment

On the basis of Kane's band model the authors apply the envelope-function method to calculate the superlattice states. Inserting these results into Kubo's formula the dynamical conductivity for interband transitions is derived. Adding the lattice contribution of the dielectric function they obtain the complex refractive index. Their results are compared with experimentally determined absorption coefficients, measured with Fourier transform spectroscopy on MBE-grown superlattices fabricated on a Riber 2300 system at the authors institute.

Field of study: Materials science
Platinum group element anomalies and bioevents in the Triassic–Jurassic deep-sea sediments of Panthalassa

Micropalaeontological and geochemical analyses were performed on samples from a continuous sequence of bedded chert from the Kurusu (KU) section, Inuyama area, southwest Japan. The sequence contains the Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) boundary and is representative of deep-sea sediments from Panthalassa. The succession records a rapid, stepwise extinction pattern of radiolarian faunas, and the disappearance of conodonts at the T–J boundary. Comparison of micropalaeontological results and geochemical data reveals anomalously high abundances of platinum group elements (PGEs) in the latest Rhaetian, at the beginning of the radiolarian extinction at the T–J boundary. The PGE anomaly suggests that the radiolarian ooze of Panthalassa was contaminated by siderophile-rich materials during the late Rhaetian. The rare earth element (REE) pattern shows no distinct change across the T–J boundary, except for one significant positive Ce anomaly immediately below the PGE anomaly. These geochemical signatures imply the anomalous input of PGE-rich materials, but no obvious anoxic event in deep-sea sediments during latest Triassic time. The PGE anomaly at the end of the Triassic may be linked to the first phase of marine plankton extinction, but would not have been directly connected with the main radiolarian extinction at the T–J boundary.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks

Knowledge graphs enable a wide variety of applications, including question answering and information retrieval. Despite the great effort invested in their creation and maintenance, even the largest (e.g., Yago, DBPedia or Wikidata) remain incomplete. We introduce Relational Graph Convolutional Networks (R-GCNs) and apply them to two standard knowledge base completion tasks: Link prediction (recovery of missing facts, i.e. subject-predicate-object triples) and entity classification (recovery of missing entity attributes). R-GCNs are related to a recent class of neural networks operating on graphs, and are developed specifically to handle the highly multi-relational data characteristic of realistic knowledge bases. We demonstrate the effectiveness of R-GCNs as a stand-alone model for entity classification. We further show that factorization models for link prediction such as DistMult can be significantly improved through the use of an R-GCN encoder model to accumulate evidence over multiple inference steps in the graph, demonstrating a large improvement of 29.8% on FB15k-237 over a decoder-only baseline.

Field of study: Computer science
Using Vacuum Low-pressure Casting to Found Water Pump Copper Impeller

The vacuum low-pressure casting was used to found water pump copper impeller.In the process of casting,the rapid prototype technology was used to make complex ceramic mould core,and the complex ceramic mould core was used to form the impeller's complex inner chamber structure.The metal mould and special made vacuum low-pressur casting device were used to found Water Pump Copper Impeller.The impellers casting made by this foundry technology have good dimensions precision and surface glabrous degree,can meet the use needs of the water pumps.

Field of study: Materials science
Comparative study of experimental start-up and operation in two UASB-ANAMMOX reactors

The start-up and operational features of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)process were investigated comparatively in two 3.2 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactors,which both were fed with artificial waste-water composed of NH+4-N and NO-2-N at a proper ratio.The results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH+4-N and NO-2-N were 99.7% and 99.9%,respectively,in the No.1 reactor after 220 days;while the removal efficiencies of NH+4-N and NO-2-N reached 99.8% and 99.9%,respectively,in the No.2 reactor only after 150 days.The average ratio of removed NH+4-N,removed NO-2-N and generated NO-3-N was 1︰1.16︰0.15 at the stable phase in the No.1 reactor,while it was 1︰1.28︰0.15 at the stable phase in the No.2 reactor.The pH value had characteristic change in both reactors.The black activated sludge changed to yellow granular sludge in both reactors gradually.With the extension of time,the shock resistance of volume load was growing stronger and stronger in both reactors.Furthermore,UASB-ANAMMOX reactor with biofilm had the advantage of bacterial immobilization and keeping bacterial amount.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Enantiomer Separation with Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)Membrane, Enantioselective Adsorption and Desorption

The enantioselective adsorption of some racemic compounds was investigated on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) membrane supported on a Teflon membrane filter. The highly enantioselective adsorption was observed for β-blockers such as oxprenolol. The enantiomeric excess of adsorbed oxprenolol reached up to 60%. The enantioselective desorption on the membrane was also studied.

Field of study: Chemistry
Dynamic role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases in heart failure.

In chronic congestive heart failure, an illness affecting more than 4 million Americans, there is extensive myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Failing human ventricular myocardium contains activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are involved in adverse ECM remodeling. Our studies support the concept that impaired ECM remodeling and MMP activation are, in part, responsible for the cardiac structural deformation during heart failure. There is no known program which has declared its aim the investigation of regulation of fibrosis in hypertrophy and disruption of ECM in cardiac dilatation and failure. The development of transgenic technology, and emerging techniques for in vivo gene transfer, suggest a strategy for improving cardiac function by overexpressing or down regulation of the ECM components such as MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ), decorin, collagen, and integrins in heart failure.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Boronated monoclonal antibody 17-1A for potential neutron capture therapy of colorectal cancer.

The theoretical basis for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) derives from the reaction that occurs when a stable isotope, boron-10, is irradiated with thermal neutrons to produce an unstable intermediate, boron-11, which then undergoes instantaneous nuclear fission to yield lithium-7 and alpha particles.

Field of study: Biology
Enzymatic degradation of chitosan and preliminary study of chitooligosaccharides

This paper described the enzymatic hydrolysis process for preparing chitooligosaccharides.The effect of reaction time,temperature,pH,enzyme concentration,concentration and deacetylation degree of substrate on chitosan hysrolysis were studied.Experiment results demonstrated the optimal temperature,pH,enzyme concentration,concentration of substrate were 65 ℃,pH 5.2~5.6,7 U/g chitosan,3% respectively.Thin layer chromatography was used to analyze the hydrolysate of chitosan.The main products in the reaction were chitotriose and chitotetraose,with extension of reaction time more glucosamine was detected.Results indicated that average polymerization degree was less than 10 after hydrolyzation for 3 h.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Time varying and dynamic models for default risk in consumer loans

We review the incorporation of time varying variables into models of the risk of consumer default. Lenders typically have data which are of a panel format. This allows the inclusion of time varying covariates in models of account level default by including them in survival models, panel models or ‘correction factor’ models. The choice depends on the aim of the model and the assumptions that can be plausibly made. At the level of the portfolio, Merton‐type models have incorporated macroeconomic and latent variables in mixed (factor) models and Kalman filter models whereas reduced form approaches include Markov chains and stochastic intensity models. The latter models have mainly been applied to corporate defaults and considerable scope remains for application to consumer loans.

Field of study: Mathematics
Abnormal expressed co-stimulating factors and their relationship to activation of T lymphocytes in patients with aplastic anemia

To investigate the phenotypes and expression of activated T cell membrane molecules on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood(PB) and bone marrow(BM) of the patients with aplastic anemia. Mothed Single and double colors immunoflourescence were used to analyze the mononuclear cells from PB and BM of the AA patients by flow cytometry.  The expression of CD8 increased and ratio of CD4 + to CD8 + cells decreased significantly. The expression of CD25 and HLA-DR increased in the BM, which was more significant in patients with serious AA (P0.01) and the CD16 or CD56 positive cells also increased in BM. Two-colors analysis showed that the most activated T cells were CD8 + cells. The CD8 +-CD25 + lymphocytes increased significantly in the BM (P0.01). Co-stimulatory molecules which essential to activation of lymphocytes such as 4-1BB, CD95L and CD40L increased significantly in the BM of AA patients.  Increase of co-stimulating molecules which were necessary for lymphocytes activation in the BM of AA patients is one of main reason to explain abnormal T cells activation and failure of hematopoiesis.

Field of study: Biology
Can medical students identify recreational drugs by name?

Recreational drug toxicity is a common reason for presentation to the Emergency Department. Knowledge of recreational drug names is important to allow targeted assessment of patients presenting with recreational drug toxicity.



To assess final year medical student knowledge of proper and street names for recreational drugs.



Questionnaire survey of final year medical students attending a revision lecture.



There were two questionnaires used in this study. The first contained either proper names of recreational drugs or names sounding similar to recreational drugs or licensed pharmaceutical products; students were asked to identify which of these were recreational drugs. The second contained street names of recreational drugs and the students were asked to identify which recreational drug the street name referred to.



One hundred and thirty-five students completed the questionnaire 1. The mean total score (+/-SD) of correct answers was 7.15 +/- 2.26 (range 2-13) out of a maximum of 15. One hundred and fifteen students completed questionnaire 2. The mean total score (+/-SD) of correctly identified street names was 11.0 +/- 2.6 (range 0-17) out of a maximum of 24. No individual student was able to correctly identify all the street names for the recreational drugs listed in the survey.



We have shown that final year medical students have variable knowledge of both the proper and street names of recreational drugs. There is a need for improved education of medical students in the names of recreational drugs and the sources of information available to assist them in identifying what drugs an individual has taken.

Field of study: Medicine
Data Transmission across High Voltage Interfaces via Light Links

Computer control/monitoring of the LAMPF injector requires data to be transmitted to and from the ion source in the high voltage head. These data must be digitized for computer use as is done throughout the rest of the accelerator. The A/D converter, interfacing instrumentation equipment, and control logic are placed in the head. Signals are transmitted across the 750 kV interface to and from the high voltage head through 5 light links. Four are used to replace insulated rods and strings for data and control. One transmits the pulse signal to the ion source. The system should operate at computer speeds; therefore, rise and fall times for pulse transmission of data must be less than 200 ns. The pulse width is 800 ns with a 50% duty cycle. The ion source pulse requires the same rise time but the pulse width must extend to 1.5 ms. This paper describes the system and reports the test results on a system designed to meet these specifications. The modification of the system to provide linear transmission of fast waveforms is discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Preparation and Functional Exploration of Cysteine Peptides from Fresh Garlic Scales for Improving Bioavailability of Food Legume Iron and Zinc

Two γ-glutamyl-cysteine peptides (γ-GCPs), ( S C2 R C7)-γ- L -glutamyl- S -allyl- L -cysteine ( 1 ) and ( S C2 R C7)-γ- L -glutamyl- S -propyl- L -cysteine ( 2 ) were isolated from fresh garlic scales using ion-exchange chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their molecular structures were identified by HPLC-MS, CD, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and specific rotation, and confirmed by using corresponding standard compounds. The influence of exogenously adding 1 and 2 on the bioavailability of iron and zinc from food legume was examined with soybean and mung bean, at the level of 0.01 mmol/5 g of legume respectively. The enhancing effect of the two γ-GCPs on bioavailability of iron was generally evidenced in the case of soybean (from 1.88% to 6.73% and 4.42%) and mung bean (from 2.52% to 12.04% and 9.38%). The two γ-GCPs similarly enhanced the bioavailability of zinc from the food legume, with the extent of increase in soybean ranging from 13.37% to 23.95% and 20.58%, and in mung bean from 15.98% to 28.44% and 27.05%. Obviously, both 1 and 2 had a promoting effect on the bioavailability of iron and zinc from food legumes. These findings are of practical value in a food-based strategy to enhance the bioavailability of trace minerals for human health.

Field of study: Chemistry
Predicting Random Effects From Finite Population Clustered Samples With Response Error

In many situations there is interest in parameters (e. g., mean) associated with the response distribution of individual clusters in a finite clustered population. We develop predictors of such parameters using a two-stage sampling probability model with response error. The probability model stems directly from finite population sampling without additional assumptions and thus is design-based. The predictors are closely related to best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) that arise from common mixed-model methods, as well as to model-based predictors obtained via super population approaches for survey sampling. The context assumes clusters of equal size and equal size sampling of units within clusters. Target parameters may correspond to clusters realized in the sample, as well as nonrealized clusters. In either case, the predictors are linear and unbiased, and minimize the expected mean squared error. They correspond to the sum of predictors of responses for realized and nonrealized units in the cluster, accounting directly for the second-stage sampling fraction. In contrast, the BLUP commonly used in mixed models can be interpreted as predicting only the responses of second-stage units not observed for a cluster, not the cluster mean. The development reveals that two-stage sampling does not give rise to a more general variance structure often assumed in superpopulation models, even when variances within clusters are heterogeneous. With response error present, we predict target random variables defined as an expected (or average) response over units in a cluster.

Field of study: Mathematics
Differences in structure and dynamics of Polynucleobacter communities in a temperate and a subtropical lake, revealed at three phylogenetic levels.

The results of ecological studies investigating bacteria by cultivation-independent methods are expected to be influenced by the phylogenetic resolution of the applied molecular tools. This potential influence was investigated in a comparative community study on Polynucleobacter cluster bacteria (Betaproteobacteria) inhabiting the pelagic of the large, shallow, partially hypertrophic Taihu Lake located in subtropical East Asia, and the deep oligo-mesotrophic Lake Mondsee located in temperate Central Europe. The two contrasting habitats were sampled over the same period of 12 months. The community dynamics were investigated at three phylogenetic levels by fluorescent in situ hybridizations with a set of nested probes specific for the beta II clade (including the Polynucleobacter cluster), the genus-like monophyletic Polynucleobacter cluster, and four species-like subclusters. Subcluster B was the numerically dominating subcluster in both lakes over the investigation periods, but demonstrated different population dynamics in the two habitats. Interhabitat comparisons of the Polynucleobacter community structure in the two lakes in the study, and a previously investigated acidic pond indicated ecological diversification within the phylogenetically narrow Polynucleobacter cluster. These results could be obtained by help of the subcluster-specific probes, but would have been missed with probes of a lower phylogenetic resolution.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Indirect Measures of Causal Dimensions: Estimating the Reliability of a Composite of Separate Constructs

In 1987, Russell, McAuley, and Tarico examined the reliability of both indirect and direct measures of causal dimensions (i.e., stability, controllability, and locus of causality). Their results indicated that the reliability of indirect measures was unacceptably low and much worse than the reliability of Russell's directly measured Causal Dimension Scale. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that Russell and associates misconceptualized the nature of the constructs assessed in the indirect measures and, as a result, grossly underestimated their reliabilities. Findings indicated that, when properly conceptualized and analyzed, indirect measures are at least as reliable as direct measures.

Field of study: Psychology
Édouard Glissant in Conversation with Manthia Diawara

In 2009, equipped with a camera, Manthia Diawara followed Édouard Glissant on the Queen Mary II in a transatlantic journey from South Hampton, United Kingdom, to Brooklyn, New York. This extraordinary voyage, six days and five nights, resulted in an intellectual biography in which Glissant elaborates on his theory of Relation and the concept of "Tout-monde." This conversation is from that film: Édouard Glissant: One World in Relation (2009).

Field of study: Art
Conceptions of the Self and Others Across Time

People are full of plans, goals, hopes, and fears—future-oriented thoughts that constitute a significant part of the self-concept. But are representations of others similarly future oriented? Studies 1a and 1b demonstrate that the future is seen as a larger component of the self than of another person. Study 2 found that because self-identity is tied to an unrealized future, the self is thought to be less knowable than others in the present. Study 3 indicates that people believe that others need to know who they are striving to be in order to be understood—more so than they believe they need to know others' strivings to understand them. Studies 4a and 4b tested an important implication of these findings, that because so much of who they are is tied to the future, people believe they are further from their ideal selves than others are. Implications for judgment and decision making are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Recent Progress in Chirality Research Using Circularly Polarized Light

(abridged) We review recent studies of chirality using circularly polarized light, along with the birth and evolution of life and planetary systems. Terrestrial life consists almost exclusively of one enantiomer, left-handed amino acids. This characteristic feature is called homochirality, whose origin is still unknown. The route to homogeneity of chirality would be connected with the origin and development of life on early Earth along with evolution of the solar system. Detections of enantiomeric excess in several meteorites support the possibility that the seed of life was injected from space, considering the possible destruction and racemization in the perilous environment on early Earth. Circularly polarized light could bring the enantiomeric excess of prebiotic molecules in space. Recent experimental works on photochemistry under ultraviolet circularly polarized light are remarkable. Recent astronomical observations by imaging polarimetry of star-forming regions are now revealing the distribution of circularly polarized light in space. Astrobiological view on chirality of life would contribute to understanding of the origin and development of life, from the birth and the end of stars and planetary systems in space. Deep insights on terrestrial life, extrasolar life, and the origin of life in the universe, would be brought by consideration of both of the place where life is able to live, the "habitable" zone, and the place where life is able to originate, what we shall call the "originable" zone.

Field of study: Physics
Using Communication Technology to Enhance Interprofessional Education Simulations

To determine the impact of simulations using an alternative method of communication on students’ satisfaction, attitudes, confidence, and performance related to interprofessional communication.  One hundred sixty-three pharmacy students participated in a required applications-based capstone course. Students were randomly assigned to one of three interprofessional education (IPE) simulations with other health professions students using communication methods such as telephone, e-mail, and video conferencing. Assessment. Pharmacy students completed a validated survey instrument, Attitude Toward Healthcare Teams Scale (ATHCTS) prior to and after course participation. Significant positive changes occurred for 5 out of 20 items. Written reflection papers and student satisfaction surveys completed after participation showed positive themes and satisfaction. Course instructors evaluated student performance using rubrics for formative feedback.  Implementation of IPE simulations using various methods of communication technology is an effective way for pharmacy schools to incorporate IPE into their curriculum.

Field of study: Education, Medicine