nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Grades of CBN Inserts on Cutting Force and Surface Roughness of AISI H13 Die Tool Steel during Hard Turning Operation

Now-a-days, the application of hard tuning with CBN tool has been massively increased because the hard turning is a good alternative to grinding process. However, there are some issues that need to be addressed related to the CBN grades and their particular applications in the area of hard turning process. This experimental study investigated the effects of three different grades of CBN insert on the cutting forces and surface roughness. The process of hard turning was made using the AISI H13 die tool steel at containing different hardness (45 HRC, 50 HRC and 55 HRC) levels. The work material were selected on the basis of its application in the die making industries in a range of hardness of 45–55 HRC. Optimization by the central composite design approach has been used for design and analysis. The present study reported that the cutting forces and surface roughness are influenced by the alloying elements and percentage of CBN in the cutting tool material. The work material hardness, feed rate and cutting speed are found to be statistically significant on the responses. Furthermore, a comparative performance between the three different grades of CBN inserts has been shown on the cutting forces and surface roughness at different workpiece hardness. To obtain the optimum parameters from multiple responses, desirability approach has been used. The novelty/robustness of the present study is represented by its great contribution to solve practical industrial application when is developed a new process using different CBN grades for hard turning and die makers of workpiece having the hardness between 45 and 55 HRC.

Field of study: Materials science
Increased expression of synapsin I mRNA in defined areas of the rat central nervous system following chronic morphine treatment.

Chronic opiate administration leads to a selective regulation of several cellular proteins and mRNAs. This phenomenon has been viewed as a compensatory mechanism to the opiate signaling leading to the development of opiate addiction. In this study, in situ hybridization histochemistry experiments were employed to investigate the effect of chronic morphine treatment on synapsin I gene expression. We show here for the first time that prolonged morphine exposure causes a selective increase in the mRNA levels of synapsin I in several brain regions which are considered to be important for opiate action. Quantitative analysis of the signals, obtained by hybridization of digoxigenin-labeled antisense RNA probe, revealed a 5.8- and 7-fold increase of synapsin I mRNA levels in the locus coeruleus and the amygdala of morphine-treated rats, respectively, as compared with control untreated rats. Increased expression of synapsin I mRNA was also observed in the spinal cord of morphine-treated rats (by 3.8-fold). Since opiates were shown to attenuate neurotransmitter release and reduce synapsin I phosphorylation, it is suggested that the increase in synapsin I levels would lead to the requirement of higher amounts of opiate agonists to obtain the opiate physiological effects. These results suggest that the increases in mRNA levels of synapsin I in these specific areas can be part of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying opiate tolerance and withdrawal.

Field of study: Biology
Derivation of a sawtooth iterated extended Kalman smoother via the AECM algorithm

The iterated extended Kalman smoother (IEKS) is derived under expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm formalism, providing insight into the behavior of the suboptimal extended Kalman filter (EKF) and smoother (EKS). Through an investigation of smoothing algorithms that result from variants of the EM algorithm, the sawtooth iterated extended Kalman smoother (SIEKS) and its computationally inexpensive counterparts are proposed via the alternating expectation conditional maximization (AECM) algorithm. The SIEKS is guaranteed to produce a sequence estimate that moves up the likelihood surface. Numerical simulations including frequency tracking examples display the superior performance of the sawtooth EKF over the standard EKF for a range of nonlinear signal models.

Field of study: Engineering
A 15-cm DUOPIGATRON ION SOURCE

A 15-cm DuoPIGatron ion source has been developed as a neutral beam source. This source has achieved extracted beam currents of 20A at 30kV and 20ms, target power of 463kW and beam divergence of 1.6°. In this paper, the structure, experimental system, experimental results and the performance of the developed source are presented.

Field of study: Physics
Quality of royal jelly produced by Africanized honeybees fed a supplemented diet

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of artificial supplements prepared with soybean protein isolate, brewer’s yeast, mixture of soybean protein isolate with brewer’s yeast, linseed oil, palm oil, and a mixture of linseed oil with palm oil on the physicochemical and microbiological composition of royal jelly produced by Africanized honey bee colonies. Considering these results, providing supplements for Africanized honeybee colonies subjected to royal jelly production can help and strengthen the technological development of the Brazilian beekeeping industry increasing its consumption in the national market. This research presents values of royal jelly a little different from those established by the Brazilian legislation. This fact shows that is important to discuss or change the official method for royal jelly analysis. The characterization of physicochemical and microbiological parameters is important in order to standardize fresh, frozen, and lyophilized royal jelly produced by Africanized honeybees.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Lecithinase and lysolecithinase of intestinal mucosa.

Enzymes, capable of hydrolysing lecithin to liberate inorganic phosphate, are present in the kidney and intestinal mucosa (King, 1931). Since several pathways may lead from lecithin to inorganic phosphate and more than a single bnzyme must have been involved, it is uncertain which enzyme was the rate-limiting one in this investigation. In a recent paper Schmidt, Bessman & Thannhauser (1957) described a mitochondrial preparation of rat intestinal mucosa, which catalysed the splitting of fatty acids from kephalin. Some activity, though a much smaller one, was found with lecithin as substrate. The low activity of similar intestinalmucosa preparations towards lecithin was attributed by us, in a preliminary communication (Epstein & Shapiro, 1957), to the fact that lecithin degradation by the intestinal enzyme depends upon the presence of fatty acids. This activation by one of its reaction products puts the enzyme involved into a category apart from other lecithinases. As will be seen in the present paper, intestinal lecithinase differs from known lecithinases in several other respects.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Mechanism of the photoreactions of fulgides based on 1,2-dimethyl-3-formylindole

Only E ⇄ Z isomerization is observed for the steady irradiation of fulgides based on 1,2-dimethyl-3-formylindole in contrast to the analogs based on 3-acetylindole. The formation of cyclic photoisomers is registered by the method of impulse photolysis. The presence of a methyl substituent in the position 2 of the indole portion leads to a significant increase in the stability of the photochromic system. The introduction of alternative reaction centers of cyclization in the form of bulky phenyl groups leads to the suppression of electrocyclization at the position 2 of the indole portion and the formation of dihydronaphthalene structures.

Field of study: Chemistry
The effects of deoxycorticosterone-induced sodium appetite on hedonic behaviors in the rat.

The authors tested the hypothesis that chronic treatment with a dose of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) known to elicit a robust sodium appetite can negatively affect the hedonic state of rats. Daily treatment with DOCA with no opportunity to ingest saline produced a rightward shift in the midpoint (effective current 50) of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) current-response functions and reduced intakes of a palatable sucrose solution. Providing rats with 0.3 M saline during DOCA treatment prevented the rightward shift in LHSS response functions and the decrease in sucrose intake. The authors concluded that a chronic sodium appetite, with no opportunity to attenuate the appetite, can elicit a reduced responsiveness to reward.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Reforming the reform: the Greek National Health System in transition.

The National Health System (ESY) in Greece, which was established in 1983, is in a state of continuous crisis. This situation is caused mainly by the system's problematic administration, low productivity and inadequate Primary Health Care. These have led the re-elected PASOK government to introduce by the end of 2000 a radical reform of the health system. The 200 reform measures announced by the new Minister of Health and Welfare include changes aiming at: the decentralization of the ESY, the creation of a unified financing system for the social insurance funds, a new management structure in public hospitals, the organization of a Primary Health System in urban areas, and the strengthening of Public Health and Health Promotion. These changes are presented and discussed in this paper.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
On the Development of the New Faculty in American Colleges and Universities

The new faculty development in American colleges and universities includes five aspects: instructional development as a teacher,career development as a professional person,organizational development as a new member of faculty,academic development as a member of academic circle and personal development as individuals.The new faculty development has been the important part of faculty development service in American colleges and universities since the 1990s.Many colleges and universities have set up relevant organizations,coordinated various resources on and off campus,provided financial support and carried out various kinds of activities and projects which are beneficial to the new faculty development.

Field of study: Education
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanospheres from Coconut Fibre and the Role of Synthesis 
Temperature on Their Growth

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanospheres were successfully synthesized from coconut fibre-activated carbon. The biomass was first carbonized then physically activated, followed by treatment using ethanol vapor at 700°C to 1100°C at 100°C intervals. The effect of synthesis temperature on the formation of the nanomaterials was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. SEM analysis revealed that nanospheres were formed at higher temperatures of 1000°C and 1100°C, while lower temperatures of 800°C and 900°C favored the growth of CNT. At 700°C, however, no tubes or spheres were formed. TEM and FTIR were used to observe spectral features, such as the peak positions, intensity and bandwidth, which are linked to some structural properties of the samples investigated. All these observations provided facts on the nanosphere and nanotube dimensions, vibrational modes and the degree of purity of the obtained samples. The TEM results show spheres of diameter in the range 50 nm to 250 nm while the tubes had diameters between 50 nm to 100 nm. XRD analysis reveals the materials synthesized are amorphous in nature with a hexagonal graphite structure.

Field of study: Materials science
Use of O2 airglow for calibrating direct atomic oxygen measurements from sounding rockets

Accurate knowledge about the distribution of atomic oxygen is crucial for many studies of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Direct measurements of atomic oxygen by the resonance fluorescence technique at 130 nm have been made from many sounding rocket payloads in the past. This measurement technique yields atomic oxygen profiles with good sensitivity and altitude resolution. However, accuracy is a problem as calibration and aerodynamics make the quantitative analysis challenging. Most often, accuracies better than a factor 2 are not to be expected from direct atomic oxygen measurements. As an example, we present results from the NLTE (Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) sounding rocket campaign at Esrange, Sweden, in 1998, with simultaneous O2 airglow and O resonance fluorescence measurements. O number densities are found to be consistent with the nightglow analysis, but only within the uncertainty limits of the resonance fluorescence technique. Based on these results, we here describe how better atomic oxygen number densities can be obtained by calibrating direct techniques with complementary airglow photometer measurements and detailed aerodynamic analysis. Night-time direct O measurements can be complemented by photometric detection of the O2 (b1∑g+−X3∑g-) Atmospheric Band at 762 nm, while during daytime the O2 (a1Δg−X3∑g-) Infrared Atmospheric Band at 1.27 μm can be used. The combination of a photometer and a rather simple resonance fluorescence probe can provide atomic oxygen profiles with both good accuracy and good height resolution.

Field of study: Environmental science
Skewness properties of asymmetric foems of tu1cey lambda distributions

Some measures of skewness are the third central moments the mean minus the median, arid measures in terms of percentiles. The signs of these measures are analysed for two asymmetric generalisations of Tukey's lambda distribution. The results expand and explain some results of Ramberg et al.1979, and illustrate the problem of choosing an appropriate measure of skewness.

Field of study: Mathematics
Ray-trace calculations for in situ X-ray beam imaging.

A two-dimensional beam-position and profile monitor for synchrotron X-ray beamlines was recently presented that was based on the principle of collection of scattered radiation from a thin polyimide foil. This paper presents a simple ray-trace model of the device, which can be used as a tool to calculate its response to changes in various device geometrical properties for a given beam size. The tool provides a quick way of predicting positional sensitivity, beam profile shape and intensity distribution. The theoretically obtained beam images are compared with data obtained from experiments carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.

Field of study: Physics
Synthesis of distillation system considering no-sharp separation

The synthesis of a distillation system including no-sharp separations was studied with emphasis on the coding and flowsheet multiformity caused by no-sharp separation.The same streams composed of the same components appeared in the flowsheet,and had three kinds of relationships,i.e.,independent,united,and thermally-coupled.In the genetic programming coding,an integer array was used to denote the relationships for these same streams so as to describe the distillation flowsheet with no-sharp separations.There was an equivalent simple column flowsheet for a complex flowsheet and the maximum number of simple columns(MNSC) in one flowsheet was used to describe the scale of problem.The relationship between MNSC and middle component number(MCN) that was between two key components was presented.As MCN was 2,MNSC was 4N-9,and it meant that the best result would be searched in the space that could include 4N-9 columns instead of N-1.The searching scope was enlarged and better results could be obtained in comparison with only considering sharp separations.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Dynamic Response of an Infinite Beam Supported by a Fluid

The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of an infinite beam supported by a fluid on one side, and subjected to dynamic loading on the other side. The fluid underneath the beam is modeled using two-dimensional incompressible potential flow theory. Comparisons with the solution provided by an added mass model reveals that the effects of including the hydrodynamic reaction increase the mass of the beam significantly. Fundamental solutions are presented in this paper for a floating beam; by employing the superposition method, the solution for various loading cases can readily be obtained.

Field of study: Engineering
Traveling waves and pulses in a one-dimensional network of excitable integrate-and-fire neurons

We study the existence and stability of traveling waves and pulses in a one-dimensional network of integrate-and-fire neurons with synaptic coupling. This provides a simple model of excitable neural tissue. We first derive a self-consistency condition for the existence of traveling waves, which generates a dispersion relation between velocity and wavelength. We use this to investigate how wave-propagation depends on various parameters that characterize neuronal interactions such as synaptic and axonal delays, and the passive membrane properties of dendritic cables. We also establish that excitable networks support the propagation of solitary pulses in the long-wavelength limit. We then derive a general condition for the (local) asymptotic stability of traveling waves in terms of the characteristic equation of the linearized firing time map, which takes the form of an integro-difference equation of infinite order. We use this to analyze the stability of solitary pulses in the long-wavelength limit. Solitary wave solutions are shown to come in pairs with the faster (slower) solution stable (unstable) in the case of zero axonal delays; for non-zero delays and fast synapses the stable wave can itself destabilize via a Hopf bifurcation.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
A (home)land with a sea: the leisure and tourism in the Western Balkans of Kosovan migrants and their children living in London

This paper focuses on the trips to the homeland and the embedded tourist practices of Kosovan migrants in the Western Balkans. Drawing from the diasporic tourism literature, it emphasises the role of (material) space and place in these movements and tourist practices. Findings show that return trips to Kosovo involved for the participants leisure mobilities in the context of Albania and other Albanian-speaking areas in the Balkans. The paper concludes by questioning the strong connection in the existing literature between diasporic tourism and ethnicity, arguing that the former is also affected by material space – in the Kosovan case, more specifically, the sea – as an aspect of migrants’ experiences. Migration, leisure mobilities and tourism in the case of Kosovan migrants and the (West) Balkans region, at least, appear to have their historical, temporal and spatial specificities.

Field of study: Sociology
An Opportunity for Cultural Sensitivity Curriculum Integration

Instructors of pharmacy skills-based laboratory courses are positioned to prepare students as practice-ready practitioners through use of hands-on instructional activities essential for pharmacists. This commentary explores an approach to developing the skill of cultural sensitivity, which is reflected in Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standard 3.5 and viewed by commentary authors as a critical skill for all healthcare practitioners. This commentary challenges the Academy to develop best practices in promoting cultural sensitivity in student-learners with the goal to produce students aware of how their own experiences may influence health inequities. The authors propose, using the model of self-efficacy theory as a framework, that skills-based pharmacy education is an ideal platform for cultural sensitivity skill development and engagement through its ability to go beyond knowledge attainment and influence student abilities, behaviors, and attitudes. Author recommendations include that members of the Academy self-assess personal and institutional cultural sensitivity, ensure integration of cultural sensitivity in curriculum, use self-efficacy theory as a guide to integrate best practices for providing culturally sensitive care in lab activities, and develop best practices.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Epitaxial Si-Ge etch stop layers with ethylene diamine pyrocatechol for bonded and etchback silicon-on-lnsulator

The etch rate in ethylene diamine pyrocatechol of Si1-xGe1-x (0.2 ≤ x< - 0.3) etch stops grown by molecular beam epitaxy was determined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Etch rate selectivities as high as 390 were measured. Such etch stops allow for higher bonding temperatures than those possible with currently used boron-based etch stops. Defect etching was used to determine the maximal thickness of dislocation-free layers.

Field of study: Materials science
An Efficient Post-Selection Inference on High-Order Interaction Models

Finding statistically significant high-order interaction features in predictive modeling is important but challenging task. The difficulty lies in the fact that, for a recent applications with high-dimensional covariates, the number of possible high-order interaction features would be extremely large. Identifying statistically significant features from such a huge pool of candidates would be highly challenging both in computational and statistical senses. To work with this problem, we consider a two stage algorithm where we first select a set of high-order interaction features by marginal screening, and then make statistical inferences on the regression model fitted only with the selected features. Such statistical inferences are called post-selection inference (PSI), and receiving an increasing attention in the literature. One of the seminal recent advancements in PSI literature is the works by Lee et al. where the authors presented an algorithmic framework for computing exact sampling distributions in PSI. A main challenge when applying their approach to our high-order interaction models is to cope with the fact that PSI in general depends not only on the selected features but also on the unselected features, making it hard to apply to our extremely high-dimensional high-order interaction models. The goal of this paper is to overcome this difficulty by introducing a novel efficient method for PSI. Our key idea is to exploit the underlying tree structure among high-order interaction features, and to develop a pruning method of the tree which enables us to quickly identify a group of unselected features that are guaranteed to have no influence on PSI. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method allows us to reliably identify statistically significant high-order interaction features with reasonable computational cost.

Field of study: Computer science
Study of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles. 54. Properties and conversions of pyrimido[4,5-b]-1,4-benzothiazepines. Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic system: Pyrimido[5,4-c]isoquinoline

We have studied some properties and conversions of pyrimido[4,5-b]-1,4-benzothiazepines: reduction, oxidation, reactions with nucleophilic reagents (methanol, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, o-methylhydroxylamine, and thiosemicarbazide). We have synthesized derivatives of a novel heterocyclic system: pyrimido[5,4-c]isoquinoline.

Field of study: Chemistry
The closure of the set of periodic modules over a concealed canonical algebra is regular in codimension one

Let Λ be a concealed canonical algebra and d the dimension vector of a Λ-module which is periodic respect to the action of the Auslander–Reiten translation τ. In the paper, we investigate the union of the closures of the orbits of the τ-periodic Λ-modules of dimension vector d. We show that this set is closed and regular in codimension one.

Field of study: Mathematics