nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Test of an Improved Platform for Silicon Nanowire-Based Thermoelectric Micro-generators

This work reports on an improved design intended to enhance the thermal isolation between the hot and cold parts of a silicon-based thermoelectric microgenerator. Micromachining techniques and silicon on insulator substrates are used to obtain a suspended silicon platform surrounded by a bulk silicon rim, in which arrays of bottom-up silicon nanowires are integrated later on to join both parts with a thermoelectric active material. In previous designs the platform was linked to the rim by means of bulk silicon bridges, used as mechanical support and holder for the electrical connections. Such supports severely reduce platform thermal isolation and penalise the functional area due to the need of longer supports. A new technological route is planned to obtain low thermal conductance supports, making use of a particular geometrical design and a wet bulk micromachining process to selectively remove silicon shaping a thin dielectric membrane. Thermal conductance measurements have been performed to analyse the influence of the different design parameters of the suspended platform (support type, bridge/membrane length, separation between platform and silicon rim,) on overall thermal isolation. A thermal conductance reduction from 1.82 mW/K to 1.03 mW/K, has been obtained on tested devices by changing the support type, even though its length has been halved.

Field of study: Materials science
Uniform row augmented designs with multi-level

In many practical applications, follow-up experimental designs are commonly used to explore the relationship between inputs and outputs step by step. As some additional resources become available to the experimenter after the first step, some extra runs may be added in the follow-up stage. The issue of uniform row augmented designs with multi-level is investigated in this paper. The uniformity of row augmented designs with four- or five-level is respectively discussed under the Lee discrepancy, and the lower bounds of Lee discrepancy for row augmented designs are obtained, which can be served as the benchmark for searching uniform row augmented designs. Some numerical examples show that the uniform row augmented designs can be constructed with high efficiency.

Field of study: Mathematics
Mimicked translocation of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate with artificial enzyme membranes.

An approach to the mechanism which may govern the behaviour of biological compartmentalized systems is presented. Artificial enzyme membranes with immobilized glucose oxidase, invertase or hexokinase were used to separate two compartments of a specially designed diffusion cell. Asymmetry in volume, hydrodynamic conditions and enzyme location was purposely chosen in order to create situations which could not be obtained with an enzyme free in solution, and was then used to tentatively mimic situations existing in vivo. Experiments were conducted and a translocation effect of H2O2, glucose and glucose 6-phosphate was obtained. A theoretical analysis taking into account the different identified parameters of the system was elaborated.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Simulation of the crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation process with Aspen Plus

The steady-state simulation flow of crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit for a factor is established used the calibration data as the main input data and the product control targets as the main constraints on the Aspen Plus platform. In the flow building process,through simplifing the process and taking the plate efficiency as the adjustment variable,so that the process parameters,the material balance and product Engler distillation data of the simulation are consistent with the production.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Curculigoside facilitates fear extinction and prevents depression-like behaviors in a mouse learned helplessness model through increasing hippocampal BDNF

Curculigoside (CUR) is the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Curculigoorchioides Gaertn (Xianmao in Chinese), which exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study we investigated the effects of CUR on fear extinction and related depression-like behaviors in mice. In fear conditioning task, we found that administration of CUR (1.6, 8, 40 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 7 days) did not affect memory consolidation, but CUR at higher doses (8, 40 mg·kg−1·d−1) significantly facilitated fear extinction, especially on D3 and D4. Moreover, CUR administration significantly ameliorated the fear conditioning-induced depression-like behaviors, likely through promoting fear extinction. We showed that CUR increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus, and activated protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Administration of the selective TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF, 5 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip) also facilitated fear extinction, ameliorated depression-like behaviors. We established a mouse learned helplessness (LH) model to evaluate the antidepressant activity of CUR. The spatial memory was assessed in Morris water maze. We showed that LH-induced depression-like behaviors, including prolonged immobility times in forced swim and tail suspension tests as well as spatial memory impairments; LH also downregulated BDNF expression and the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Administration of CUR (1.6, 8, 40 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 14 days) or 7,8-DHF (5 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 3 days) prevented LH-induced depression-like behaviors and promoted BDNF expression and the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, CUR can accelerate the fear memory extinction and ameliorate depression-like behaviors in mice via promoting BDNF expression and activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Differ Feature Reduction Techniques for Intrusion Detection System

1,2 College of education in Computer Science, AL-Mustansiriya University, Iraq. Baghdad.  Due to a growing number of computer network in recently years there has been an increasing interest in the intrusion detection system (IDS) that it monitors the activity occurring in a computer network and analyze them for recognizing intrusions to protect the computer network . Most of existing IDS use all of features available in the network packet to analyze and look instructive pattern while some of these features are redundant and irrelevant this is time consuming and performance degrading process. In this paper three different dimensionality reduction algorithms Principal Component Analysis (PCA),Linear Discriminate Analysis( LDA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), were used and an experimental result were tested to get the efficient algorithm that when applied with classification algorithm gives the highest result. Classification algorithms were used Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) to detect different attack types.  IDS, KDDCUP1999, Feature Reduction, Attack Detection.

Field of study: Engineering
Pesticides report 35. Offsite transport of pesticides in water: Mathematical models of pesticide leaching and runoff (Technical Report)

1995 E. Dorn (FRG);  1989-1995 P. T. Holland (New Zealand); Titular Members: A. Ambrus (Hungary; 1983-1991); S. Z. Cohen (USA; 1991-1995); L. A. Golovleva (Russia; 1985-1991); R. M. Hollingworth (USA; 1989-1993); A. W. Klein (FRG; 1993-1995); N. Kurihara (Japan; 1989-1995); G. D. Paulson (USA; 1989-1995); R. D. Wauchope (USA; 1991-1995); Associate Members: S . Z . Cohen (USA; 1985-91); B. Donzel (Switzerland; 1987-1993); C. V. Eadsforth (UK; 1989-93); R. Graney (USA; 1989-93); D. Hamilton (Australia; 1991-1993); A. W. Klein (FRG; 1989-1993); J. Kovacikova (Czechoslovakia; 1991-1995); W. J. Murray (Canada; 1991-1995); B. Ohlin (Sweden; 1989-1993); S . Otto (FRG; 1983-1991); M. W. Skidmore (UK; 1991-1995); B. W. Zeeh (FRG; 1991-1995); National Representatives: R. Greenhalgh (Canada; 1985-95); Z.-M. Li (China; 1985-1995); J. Kovacikova (Czechoslovakia; 1985-1991); J. Iwan (FRG; 19861991); A. Ambrus (Hungary; 1991-1995); A. V. Rama Rao (India; 1989-1993);  1985-95); H. S . Tan (Malaysia; 1987-93); Ir. D. Medema (Netherlands; 1989-1993); K. P. Park (Rep. Korea; 1989-1993); T. Erk (Turkey; 1989-1993); T. R. Roberts (UK; 1989-1995); P. C. Kearney (USA; 1989-1993); S. Lj. VitoroviC (Yugoslavia).

Field of study: Chemistry
MicroRNA-133a Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cells Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting IGF-1R

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. Downregulated microRNAs and their roles in cancer development have attracted much attention. A growing body of evidence showed that microRNA-133a (miR-133a) has inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma.  MiR-133a expression in human osteosarcoma cell lines and human normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB was investigated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The role of miR-133a in human osteosarcoma growth and invasion was assessed in cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Then, luciferase reporter assay validated IGF-1R as a downstream and functional target of miR-133a, and functional studies revealed that the anti-tumor effect of miR-133a was probably due to targeting and repressing of IGF-1R expression.  MiR-133a was lower expressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines than human normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB and its effect on inhibiting proliferation, invasion and metastasis is mediated by its direct interaction with the IGF-1R. Furthermore, the tumour-suppressive function of miR-133a probably contributed to inhibiting the activation AKT and ERK signaling pathway.  MiR-133a suppresses osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by targeting IGF-1R in human osteosarcoma cells, providing a novel candidate prognostic factor and a potential anti-metastasis therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Effect of the thickness of the gas-sensitive layer on the response of solid state electrochemical CO2 sensors

This paper reports the effect of the sensitive layer thickness on the response of Nasicon based electrochemical CO 2 sensors. It was found that: (a) the cell voltage dependence on the thickness of the thin film Na 2 CO 3 auxiliary electrode is well described within the theory of Schottky barriers formation in ionic crystals; and (b) sensors with relatively thick gas-sensitive layer are more reliable in dry CO 2 atmosphere.

Field of study: Materials science
Energy and greenhouse gas profiles of polyhydroxybutyrates derived from corn grain: a life cycle perspective.

Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) are well-known biopolymers derived from sugars orvegetable oils. Cradle-to-gate environmental performance of PHB derived from corn grain is evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA), particularly nonrenewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Site-specific process information on the corn wet milling and PHB fermentation and recovery processes was obtained from Telles. Most of energy used in the corn wet milling and PHB fermentation and recovery processes is generated in a cogeneration power plant in which corn stover, assumed to be representative of a variety of biomass sources that could be used, is burned to generate electricity and steam. County level agricultural information is used in estimating the environmental burdens associated with both corn grain and corn stover production. Results show that PHB derived from corn grain offers environmental advantages over petroleum-derived polymers in terms of nonrenewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, PHB provides greenhouse gas credits, and thus PHB use reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum-derived polymers. Corn cultivation is one of the environmentally sensitive areas in the PHB production system. More sustainable practices in corn cultivation (e.g., using no-tillage and winter cover crops) could reduce the environmental impacts of PHB by up to 72%.

Field of study: Environmental science
Los ricoshombres y el rey en Castilla: el linaje Haro (1076-1322)

Resumen: Los ricoshombres de la familia Haro conocieron un ascenso fulgurante en las elites castellanas, desde el momento de su llegada procedentes de Navarra, en el 1076. Para explicarlo, este articulo estudia las relaciones entre los representantes del linaje y el rey a partir de las fuentes diplomaticas y cronisticas. Las cuatro primeras generaciones se distinguieron entre el 1076 y 1170 por su fidelidad a la monarquia, que les permitio gobernar territorios cada vez mas anchos en el noreste de Castilla. Las tres generaciones siguientes, entre 1170 y 1255, permitieron a su linaje superar a todos los demas, gracias a su capacidad de presionar a la monarquia, amenazando con exiliarse. Las ultimas tres generaciones eligieron una estrategia de enfrentamiento, tomando parte en conjuras o rebeliones dirigidas contra el soberano. Les llevo al apogeo de 1287-1288, pero explica el ocaso del linaje a partir de finales del siglo xiii. Palabras clave: linaje, elite, monarquia, corte, exilio, rebelion.  The ricoshombres of the Haro family rose at a dazzling pace among the Castilian elite from the time of their arrival from Navarre in 1076. In order to explain this, the present study focuses on the relationship between the Haro patriarchs and the ruling kings as portrayed in diplomas and chronicles. The first four generations of the dynasty (1076–1170) distinguished themselves by their fidelity to the crown, which allowed them to govern ever more extensive land in northeastern Castile. The next three generations (1170–1255) saw the Haro family top all others, thanks to their ability to put pressure on the crown by threatening exile. The last three generations of Haros chose instead to fight the kings, taking part in plots or rebellions. It led them to their zenith in 1287-1288, but explains the difficulties the dynasty suffered from the end of the 13th century on.  dynasty, elite, monarchy, court, exile, rebellion

Field of study: Engineering
Survival analysis of weekend emergency medical admissions

We previously reported weekend emergency admissions to have a higher mortality; we have now examined the time profile of deaths, by weekday or weekend admission, in all emergency medical patients admitted between 2002 and 2014.



We divided admissions by a weekday or weekend (After 17.00 Friday-Sunday) hospital arrival. We examined survival following an admission using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier time to event analysis.



In total 82 368 admissions were recorded in 44, 628 patients. Weekend admissions had an increased mortality of 5.0% (95% CI 4.7, 5.4) compared with weekday admissions of 4.5% (95% CI 4.3, 4.7) ( P = 0.007). The univariate adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of death for a weekend admission was significantly increased OR = 1.15 (95% CI 1.05, 1.24) ( P = 0.001). Mortality following an admission declined exponentially over time with a long tail, ∼25% of deaths occurred after day 28. Only 11.4% of deaths occurred on the weekend of the admission. Survival curves showed no mortality difference at 28 days ( P = 0.21) but a difference at 90 days ( P = 0.05). The higher mortality for a weekend admission was attributable to late deaths in the cohort with an extended stay; compared with weekday, these weekend admissions were more likely to be older and have greater co-morbidity.



Survival rates following a weekend or weekday admission were similar out to 28 days. The higher overall mortality for weekend admissions is due to divergence in survival between 28 and 90 days. Most deaths in weekend admissions occurred when the hospital was fully staffed.

Field of study: Medicine
Regulation of mRNA expression involved in Ras and PKA signal pathways during rat hypoglossal nerve regeneration.

Using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, the present study examines the cooperative regulation of transcription of molecules involved in the Ras-signal and the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathways during peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Injury to hypoglossal motor neurons resulted in an increase in extracellular regulated kinase (ERK, or MAP kinase) and ERK kinase (MEK, or MAP kinase kinase) mRNAs, but in a decrease in the expression of the catalytic subunits of PKA (C alpha and C beta) mRNAs. These results show the importance of the Ras-signal pathway in the nerve regeneration process and extend recent observation which suggested a cross-talk between the Ras and PKA pathways in vitro. The down-regulation of PKA may facilitate the activation of the Ras pathway which is located downstream of the growth factor receptor. The present study may suggest a possibility of regulatory talk between these two major signal transduction pathways.

Field of study: Biology
Two-Dimensional Decaying Elastoinertial Turbulence.

We numerically simulate two-dimensional, decaying elastoinertial turbulence using the finitely extensible, nonlinear, elastic spring model. We vary the polymer concentration over seven decades, and observe two turbulent elastoinertial regimes. In the weakly coupled regime only the small scale structures change, while in the strongly coupled regime all structures change. This regime is dominated by elastoinertial shock waves with drag reduction properties; i.e., the energy decay rate decreases when the polymer concentration increases.

Field of study: Physics
Pressure effects on the EXAFS Debye-Waller factor of iron.

The pressure effects on atomic mean-square relative displacement characterizing the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) Debye-Waller factor of iron metal have been investigated based on the Debye model. The analytical expressions of the Debye frequency and EXAFS Debye-Waller factor have been derived as functions of crystal volume compressibility. Based on the well established equation-of-state including the contributions of the anharmonic and electronic thermal pressures, numerical calculations have been performed for iron up to a pressure of 220 GPa and compared with experimental data when possible. These results show that the Debye frequency increases rapidly with compression, and beyond 150 GPa it behaves as a linear function of pressure. Meanwhile the mean-square relative displacement curve drops robustly with pressure, especially at pressures smaller than 100 GPa. This phenomenon causes the enhancement of EXAFS signals at high pressure. Reversely, the increasing of temperature will reduce the amplitude of EXAFS spectra.

Field of study: Physics
SEISMIC ANALYSIS ON THE VIADUCT-SUBWAY STATION-PILE-SOIL COMPLEX STRUCTURE SYSTEM

Based on ANSYS,a whole complex junction structure system between an airport viaduct project and a subway station was mainly analyzed.The complex structure model considering viaduct-subway station-pile-soil interactions was established and calculated by using an earthquake response analysis process.Also the conventional rigid foundation method and the whole model without subway station were contrast analyzed.The analysis results show that: due to the influence of PSSI(Pile-Soil and Structure Interactions),the overall structure dynamic properties have clear differences with the conventional rigid foundation model,the system natural vibration period increases,and first few main vibration modes have great changes.The bridge maximum displacement is raised,but the displacement changes of the longitudinal and transverse direction have differences.To the acceleration of the maximum displacement node,the bearing and the pier reaction,the longitudinal differences are more apparent than the transverse ones.Comparing the conventional rigid foundation method model,the longitudinal direction changes reduce above three items,but increase in the transverse direction.Therefore,when the whole complex structure system is analyzed,the dynamic analysis of considering PSSI is very necessary.

Field of study: Engineering
In vitro plant regeneration from seed explants of wild groundnut species (Genus Arachis, Section Extranervosae)

In vitro regeneration of wild groundnut species from Section Extranervosae (Arachis villosulicarpa, A. macedoi, A. retusa, A. burchellii, A. pietrarellii, A. prostrata, A. aff. prostrata and a new species) was examined for the purpose of germplasm renewal and conservation. Seeds of different ages, stored at the seed bank of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA were either inoculated on culture medium or used as a source of embryo axis and cotyledon explants. Whole seeds failed to germinate on MS either without growth regulators (MS0) or supplemented with 10 μM TDZ. Embryo axes cultured on MS0 produced only single plants. In the presence of 8.8 μM BAP these explants showed multi-shoot formation. Cotyledons cultured on MS supplemented with 110 μM BAP developed adventitious shoots through direct organogenesis. Plant regeneration was obtained from A. villosulicarpa, A. macedoi, A. retusa, A. burchellii and A. pietrarellii both from embryo axes and cotyledons. Explants from A. prostrata and A. aff. prostrata did not produce regenerants. Rooting of shoots was induced in the presence of 5.4 μM NAA. Primary plants derived from these explants were further multiplied by culturing nodal segments on MS medium plus 2.7 μM NAA.

Field of study: Environmental science
Proton Relaxation Time in Water-soluble Metal Complex Nanoparticles

Water dispersible metal complex nanoparticles were synthesized using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating method. The χmT values at room temperature for the NPs 1–3 were calculated using the Evans method, and the proton relaxation times, T1 and T2, were measured employing MRI. Both relaxation times were observed to decrease with increasing χmT value.

Field of study: Chemistry
Sympathetic Nervous System activity – a new concept of the complicated etiology of low back pain radiates distally at the extremities

Varied and complicated etiology of low back pain radiates distally at the extremities is still causing disagreement and controversies around the issue of its diagnosis and treatment. New research data demonstrated that almost one in five persons with back pain experience symptoms indicative of neuropathic pain component. The neuropathic involvement is not completely understood, and different mechanisms are thought to play important role. A combination of nociceptive and neuropathic pain-generating mechanism is thought to be involved, which established the term mixed pain syndrome. In the pathomechanism of neuropathic pain the lesion, trauma or overloading of the disc is thought to be a primary source of the neuropathic pain but the concept of neuropathic component of pain is more probable for chronic stage than acute. Assessment of neuropathic pain involves a systematic approach which includes a series steps; past and present history, detailed description of pain distribution, quality, pain intensity and neurological examination with emphasis on sensory testing. The sensory examinations need often to be supply neurophysiological testing and quantitate sensory testing. Some groups of the drugs are thought to be useful e.g. tricyclic antidepressant, sodium channel blockers (e.g. carbamazepine), gabapentin, opioids, NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor blockers and others for neuropathic pain treatment. The use of specific kind of the drugs depends on the symptoms and examinations findings.

Field of study: Medicine