nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A result on the singularities of matrix functions

For F(t) = , • • •, tp) an n X n complex-valued matrix function which is continuous on an open neighborhood of t° = (ta°) (« = 1, • • •, p) and singular at t°, there is presented a necessary and sufficient condition for F(t) to be non-singular on a deleted neighborhood of t°. If, in addition, F(t) is differentiate at t° then a corollary to this criterion yields a differential condition that is sufficient for such isolation of a point of singularity. Applications of corollary are given, including in particular for n = 1 the correction of a result stated by George and Gunderson ,

Field of study: Mathematics
Production and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human metapneumovirus F protein.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) F protein promotes fusion of viral and cell membranes, and is thought to be a major antigenic determinant that mediates effective neutralization and protection against hMPV infection. In this paper, the development of two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunization with hMPVinfected cells is described. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using hMPV F protein-expressing cells indicated that two MAbs, designated 1G3 and 9B10, recognized hMPV F protein. Both MAbs were found to be reactive to two groups of hMPV by an IFA using two groups of hMPV-infected cells. The 9B10 mAb had strong neutralizing activity against both groups of hMPV, while the 1G3 MAb had only weak neutralization activity. These results indicate that the hMPV F protein is a major antigenic determinant that mediates extensive cross-lineage neutralization and protection. Production of MAbs to the hMPV F protein is critical for development of diagnostic techniques, vaccine research, and studies on viral pathogenesis.

Field of study: Biology
Optimal Stochastic Coordinated Beamforming for Wireless Cooperative Networks With CSI Uncertainty

Transmit optimization and resource allocation for wireless cooperative networks with channel state information (CSI) uncertainty are important but challenging problems in terms of both the uncertainty modeling and performance optimization. In this paper, we establish a generic stochastic coordinated beamforming (SCB) framework that provides flexibility in the channel uncertainty modeling, while guaranteeing optimality in the transmission strategies. We adopt a general stochastic model for the CSI uncertainty, which is applicable for various practical scenarios. The SCB problem turns out to be a joint chance constrained program (JCCP) and is known to be highly intractable. In contrast to all of the previous algorithms for JCCP that can only find feasible but sub-optimal solutions, we propose a novel stochastic DC (difference-of-convex) programming algorithm with optimality guarantee, which can serve as the benchmark for evaluating heuristic and sub-optimal algorithms. The key observation is that the highly intractable probability constraint can be equivalently reformulated as a dc constraint. This further enables efficient algorithms to achieve optimality. Simulation results will illustrate the convergence, conservativeness, stability and performance gains of the proposed algorithm.

Field of study: Engineering
Stakeholder Engagement in Cultural Organizations: An Explorative Study on Participatory Theatre

This article explores the potentialities of the stakeholder engagement framework in the specific context of cultural organizations, underscoring the necessity to develop an interdisciplinary approach that combines the traditional managerial perspective with the contribution offered by other social disciplines, due to the peculiarities of the cultural mission pursued. Specifically, the article aims to investigate on the stakeholder engagement process to verify: a) how it may be adapted to consider the peculiarities of the cultural organizations and their activities; b) why cultural organizations should adopt the framework as here suggested referring to the cultural mission pursued. Combining the literature review with the analysis of a case study of participatory theatre, this article expects: a) to suggest a stakeholder engagement framework that may be specific for cultural organizations and their community; b) to verify its effectiveness in terms of both creation of cultural value and improvement of cultural participation.

Field of study: Business
Public Policy: The Competitive Framework

Part 1 Building a Background for Public Policy Analysis Ch 2 What is the state? Ch3 The Market System at Work Ch 4 Issues in Public Economies Ch 5 Intervention and Market Failure Ch 6 Decision making: Who influences Whom Ch 7 Interest Groups and Theory of Market Segmentation Part 2 Contemporary Issues in Policy Analysis Ch 8 Competition Ch 9 Privatisation and the Economics of Interest groups Ch 10 Community Service Obligations: A strategy to avoid collective failure Ch 11 Accountability and the Democratic Process

Field of study: Political science
Organizational Culture in Higher Education

Within the business community in the last ten years, organizational culture has emerged as a topic of central concern to those who study organizations. Books such as Peters and Waterman's In Search of Excellence [37], Ouchi's Theory Z , Deal and Kennedy's Corporate Cultures [20], and Schein's Organizational Culture and Leadership [44] have emerged as major works in the study of managerial and organizational performance. However, growing popular interest and research activity in organizational culture comes as something of a mixed blessing. Heightened awareness has brought with it increasingly broad and divergent concepts of culture. Researchers and practitioners alike often view culture as a new management approach that will not only cure a variety of organizational ills but will serve to explain virtually every event that occurs within an organization. Moreover, widely varying definitions, research methods, and standards for understanding culture create confusion as often as they provide insight. The intent for this article is neither to suggest that an understanding of organizational culture is an antidote for all administrative folly, nor to imply that the surfeit of definitions of organizational culture makes its study meaningless for higher education administrators and researchers. Rather, the design of this article is to provide a working framework to diagnose culture in colleges and universities so that distinct problems can be overcome. The concepts for the framework

Field of study: Education
Influence of Effective Laser Energy on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Melting Deposited Ti6Al4V Alloy

The laser energy density (ED) is often utilized in many additive manufacturing (AM) processes studies to help researchers to further investigate the process-structure-property correlations of Ti6Al4V alloys. However, the reliability of the ED is still questionable. In this work, a specific empirical calculation equation of the effective laser energy (Ee), which is a dimensionless parameter in laser melting deposition (LMD) processing, was proposed based on the molten pool temperature. The linear regression results and the coefficient of determination prove the feasibility of the Ee equation, which indicates that Ee can more accurately reflect the energy-temperature correlations than the commonly used laser energy density (ED) equation. Additionally, Ti6Al4V components were fabricated by the LMD process with different Ee to investigate the influence of Ee on their structure and mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the detrimental columnar prior β meso-structure can be circumvented and the uniform α + β laths micro-structure can be obtained in LMD Ti6Al4V by a judicious combination of the process parameter (P = 2000 W, V = 12 mm/s, and F = 10.5 g/min) and Ee (7.98 × 105) with excellent tensile strength (1006 ± 25 MPa) and elongation (14.9 ± 0.6%). Overall, the present work provides an empirical calculation equation to obtain a clearer understanding of the influence of different process parameters and indicates the possibility to fabricate the Ti6Al4V alloy with excellent mechanical properties by parameter optimization in the LMD process.

Field of study: Materials science
Reply to the discussion on: “Carbon and oxygen isotope systematic of a Paleoproterozoic cap-carbonate sequence from the Sausar Group, Central India” by Anupam Chattopadhyay (2015) published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 433, 156–157

The discussion on our paper on Paleoproterozoic glaciation arises out of the failure of previous geological mapping in the Sausar belt to identify many features, which were reported earlier, and to examine the outcrops critically for evidence of volcanism and glaciation in Central India. The details of these are given in this reply.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Zur Intensitätsschwächung der Spektrallinien in hohen elektrischen Feldern

ZusammenfassungDie starke Intensitätsschwächung der Emissionslinien des Wasserstoffatoms noch vor der eigentlichen Ionisationsgrenze wird auf Grund der Wellenmechanik quantitativ diskutiert und als „Präionisation“ gedeutet. Das elektrische Feld setzt das Atom in einen Zustand spontaner Ionisation, erzeugt also das vollständige Modell für einen radioaktiven Zerfall. Die höher angeregten Zustände zerfallen dabei in einer Zeit, die sogar gegenüber der Lebensdauer des angeregten Zustandes kurz ist, so daß es nicht zur Ausstrahlung kommen kann und die Emissionslinien verschwinden müssen. Beim Wasserstoff kann das Problem in allen quantitativen Einzelheiten durchgeführt werden. Die berechneten Grenzen stehen mit den experimentell gefundenen in guter Übereinstimmung.

Field of study: Physics
Abyssal teleconnections: Interactive dynamics of the deep ocean circulation

A teleconnective linkage between two abyssal water masses consists of one or more zones of interaction, arranged sequentially in space and time. The properties, spatial extent, and advective nature of one of these water masses are directly influenced by the presence of the other via the zones of interaction. The sequence of components in the linkage may in some instances be configured linearly and respond in an irreversible fashion. In other instances the linkage is not unidirectional, but may include one or more feedback “loops” representing the dependence of each water mass upon the properties and extent of the other. Three types of water mass interaction are represented in the modern oceans; these are designated as: (1) re-inforcing, (2) lateral blocking/re-direction, and (3) wedging. The criteria for discriminating between these types are geometrical, yet the physical processes and rates of interaction may be distinguishable between, and perhaps characteristics of, these different configurations. Regions of water mass interaction are marked by sharp gradients of water column properties, each of which is spatially restricted to a narrow interval of the overall mixing zone. Sediment characteristics exhibit a similar pattern: There is a broad transition zone within which each geological gradient is restricted to a relatively narrow interval. One must distinguish between sediment indicators which reflect water properties and those which reflect water column advection, and avoid inferring one type of waters characteristic from geological indices which are inappropriate for identifying such characteristics. It is not possible to specify a priori all of the components of a teleconnection linkage. We can identify critical zones of interaction, and search for evidence of “threshold events” which contributed to the initiation or the breaking of a particular linkage. In order to establish the spatial and temporal sequence of components in a complex linkage, we must identify the frequency response and phase response spectra in high-resolution time series of appropriate paleocenographic indices at key locations.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Protective effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri on mitochondria in human dermal fibroblasts irradiated by ultraviolet B.

To study the effect of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF) on mitochondria of human dermal fibroblasts irradiated by ultraviolet B (UVB) in vitro.



Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were determined by biochemical methods. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. Ultrastructure of fibroblasts was observed with transmission electron microscope.



UVB (1.176 x 10(-4) J/cm(2)) induced mitochondria damage in dermal fibroblast and PCF (0.25%-1%) reduced the damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PCF also concentration-dependently maintained the stability of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. PCF was able to reduce the MDA formation caused by UVB, meanwhile increased the activities of SOD and GSH-PX. The differences among the PCF groups and UVB model group were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01).



The UVB-induced mitochondria damage was alleviated by PCF in human dermal fibroblasts.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
High Performance Phenolic Resin Based on Untreated Natural Herbaceous Lignin

In this study, the aim was to prepare a high performance phenolic resin based on natural lignin and to reveal its characteristics. Generally, even though natural lignin is simply added to phenolic resins, and since the reactivity of lignin with the thermal fluidity is low, modification of phenolic resin by such lignin does not proceed sufficiently. Therefore, natural herbaceous lignin which is reactive with phenolic resins was used as the natural lignin, and the preparation and properties of the phenolic resin based on herbaceous lignin were investigated. The properties of the phenolic resin modified with herbaceous lignin were determined and compared to the same phenolic resin with normal woody lignin and without any lignin. It was found that the phenolic resin modified with herbaceous lignin showed good heat resistance, mechanical properties, dimensional stability and electrical insulation properties compared with those of the phenolic resin with the woody lignin and without lignin.

Field of study: Materials science
Quantitative analysis of acetamiprid and imidacloprid residues in tomato fruits under greenhouse conditions

A selective liquid chromatographic analytical method was studied for determination of two neonicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, in tomato fruits under greenhouse conditions in Egypt. The fruits were extracted and cleaned up by QuEChERS method followed by HPLC determination. The method showed a good linearity with a determination coefficient (R2) of higher than 0.99 for the 0.0125–0.15 µg/mL concentration range. The method was validated using a blank tomato spiked at 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg and the recovery percentages were 83.71, 94.52 and 97.49% for acetamiprid and 88.59, 89.63 and 90.18% for imidacloprid, respectively. The rates of dissipation of both pesticides were studied and the preharvest intervals (PHIs) were calculated. Imidacloprid dissipated faster than acetamiprid and half-life periods were 1.30 and 2.07 days, respectively. Acetamiprid and imidacloprid residues were below the already established European maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) (0.5 mg/kg) 3 and 5 days after application, respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The calcium, copper and zinc content of some annelid extracellular haemoglobins.

The extracellular haemoglobins of Lumbricus and Tylorrhynchus contain 50 and 61 tightly bound calcium atoms per molecule, respectively. In addition, they contain one to four tightly bound copper and zinc atoms. Although the role of the latter is unknown, that of calcium is probably structural, assisting in the maintenance of the native hexagonal bilayer structure.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Observation of half-quantum flux in the unconventional superconductor β-Bi2Pd

Unconventional oscillations At sufficiently low temperatures, superconductors expel an applied magnetic field. However, if the topology of the superconductor is nontrivial—for example, if there is a hole in the sample—there can be a nonzero magnetic flux inside the hole. This flux can only take certain discrete values, and the superconducting critical temperature has maxima at the corresponding values of the magnetic field. Li et al. studied these so-called Little-Parks oscillations in superconducting rings made out of polycrystalline thin films of β-Bi2Pd. They found that the phase of the oscillations was shifted by π compared with oscillations observed in most superconductors, as predicted for certain unconventional pairing symmetries. Science, this issue p. 238 Little-Parks oscillations in rings of polycrystalline β-Bi2Pd suggest unconventional superconductivity. Magnetic flux quantization is one of the defining properties of a superconductor. We report the observation of half-integer magnetic flux quantization in mesoscopic rings of superconducting β-Bi2Pd thin films. The half-quantum fluxoid manifests itself as a π phase shift in the quantum oscillation of the superconducting critical temperature. This result verifies unconventional superconductivity of β-Bi2Pd and is consistent with a spin-triplet pairing symmetry. Our findings may have implications for flux quantum bits in the context of quantum computing.

Field of study: Physics
P-HB#: a Lightweight Authentication Protocol Based on PUF

Based on the analysis of HB# protocol and OOV- on the basis of the MIMattacks,in viewof the HB # protocol defects,based on physical not cloning function design of P- HB# protocol,and gives the specific hardware implementation structure. The newprotocol with slight increase the cost of resource intensive and enhance the ability to respond to a middleman attacks agreement. Based on DET model by statute to LPN issues strictly proved that the security of the newprotocol. In the GRS-MIMand OOV-MIMmodel analysis shows that the newprotocol has the the ability to withstand the corresponding middleman attacks,provides a low-power,antitampering,provable security certification.

Field of study: Computer science
Delayed diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by primary care physicians.

A retrospective study analyzing medical files of patients who had undergone surgical management for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) at a single tertiary hospital was performed to determine the time needed by community care physicians to reach a diagnosis of CSM in patients presenting with typical myelopathic signs and symptoms, and to establish the reasons for the delayed diagnosis when present. Previous studies have documented that early diagnosis and surgical treatment of CSM may improve patients' neurological as well as general outcome. However, patients complaining of symptoms compatible with CSM may undergo lengthy medical investigations and treatments by community-based physicians before a correct diagnosis is made. The authors have found no published data on the process and time frame involved in attaining a diagnosis of CSM in the community setting.



The medical records of 42 patients were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, symptoms, time to diagnosis, physician specialty, number of visits involved in the diagnostic process, and neurological status prior to surgery.



The mean time delay from initiation of symptoms to diagnosis of CSM was 2.2 ± 2.3 years. The majority of symptomatic patients (90.4%) initially presented to a family practitioner (69%) or an orthopedic surgeon (21.4%), with fewer patients (9.6%) referring to other disciplines (for example, the emergency department) for initial care. In contrast, the diagnosis of CSM was most often made by neurosurgeons (38.1%) and neurologists (28.6%), and less frequently by orthopedic surgeons (19%) or family physicians (4.8%).



The diagnosis of CSM in the community is frequently delayed, leading to late referral for surgery. A higher index of suspicion for this debilitating entity is required from family practitioners and community-based orthopedic surgeons to prevent neurological sequelae.

Field of study: Medicine
Effects of Trace Element Fertilizer on Nutrient Content of Rubber Tree Buddings by Foliar Application

Taking SCATC 7-33-97 as the experiment material,the effects of different levels of water-soluble trace element fertilizer(Trace element fertilizer) on the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in rubber budding leaves were studied.The results showed that the content of N in the first and second canopy leaves reached extremely significant effect at different concentrations of trace fertilizer,and both reached its maximum at a trace element fertilizer concentration of 2.5 mg/kg.The P content of the first to third canopy leaves reached significant effect at different concentrations of trace fertilizer,and reached its maximum at a concentration of 2.5 ~3.5 mg/kg.The K content of the second and third canopy leaves reached significant effect,and reached its maximum at trace element fertilizer concentration of 2.5 mg/kg.In conclusion,foliar application of trace element fertilizer on rubber budding leaves could significantly promote the absorption of N,P,K,Ca and Mg,and the optimal foliar applied concentration of microelements was 2.5 mg/kg.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Timed artificial insemination of frozen ram semen separated by bovine serum albumin sedimentation method.

BSA(牛血清アルブミン)による沈降法を応用して分離しためん羊の精液を凍結保存し定時に人工授精するための最適時期を知る目的で本実験を試みた。授精に供した雌羊はサフォーク種137頭である。繁殖季節以外の時期に腟内スポンジ(MAPスポンジ),PMSGおよびhCGを用いて発情を人為的に誘起した。人工授精は発情発見を行わず,スポンジ除去後24時間から72時間の問に腹腟内視鏡を用いて定時的に凍結精液を子宮内に注入したところ,スポンジ除去後60時間目授精の群が最も高い分娩率を示した(47.8%)。分離精液を授精して生産された新生子羊46頭の性比は,上層精液では45.8%.下層精液では43.5%であり,両群の性比の問に有意差は認められなかった。

Field of study: Biology
Synthetic Studies toward Actinorhodin and γ‐Actinorhodin by using a Homo‐coupling Strategy: Synthesis of Hemiactinorhodin and Hemi‐γ‐actinorhodin

A homo-coupling strategy toward the synthesis of actinorhodin and γ-actinorhodin has been explored. The monomeric unit was synthesized by employing an efficient combination of Dotz benzannulation and oxa-Pictet–Spengler reactions. Attempts towards oxidative homo-coupling of the pyranonaphthalene monomer intermediate to give dimer were unsuccessful. Later, monomer pyranonaphthalene was carried forward to complete the synthesis of hemiactinorhodin and hemi-γ-actinorhodin.

Field of study: Chemistry
The effects of feeding and withholding food on the canine small intestinal microbiota.

Prolonged lack of enteral feeding has a negative impact on gut physiology, potentially via microbiota modulation. The aims were to investigate the impact of fasting and post-prandial changes in canine jejunal microbiota. To study post-prandial effects, jejunal brushings were analyzed in 8 healthy fistulated dogs 15 min before feeding (baseline) and hourly for 8 h after feeding. To study effects of withholding food (WF), daily samples were collected for 15 days from 5 dogs. The first 5 days (PRE) dogs were fed regular diet. Food was withheld the next 5 days (days 6-10). For days 11-15 (POST), the original diet was reintroduced. Microbiota was characterized via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. In the post-prandial study, no changes in microbiome structure were seen after feeding (ANOSIM, P = 0.28), but Betaproteobacteria (P = 0.04) and Bacteroidales decreased compared to baseline. Species richness decreased by 300 min (P = 0.04). During WF, microbiota structure differed from PRE and POST period (P = 0.001). During WF, species richness did not vary over time (P = 0.69). In conclusion, a prolonged period of food withholding results in altered jejunal microbiota. How these changes affect the microbiota metabolism warrants further studies.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science