nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
New results on FIR system identification using higher-order statistics

The problem of estimating the parameters of a moving average model from the cumulant statistics of the noisy observations of the system output is considered. The system is driven by an i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) non-Gaussian sequence that is not observed. The noise is additive and may be colored and non-Gaussian. Re-parametrization of an existing linear method, and a modification to it, are discussed. Simulation results show a distinct improvement in the numerical conditioning of both, the reparametrized algorithm and its modification, for the noisefree case. For the case of i.i.d. noise, the reparametrized algorithm shows a marked degradation in performance whereas its modification degrades far more gracefully.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Engineering
Effects of Leadership Styles in Technical and Vocational Students, UTHM

Effective leadership helps our nation through times become a developed country. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of leadership style among students in Technical and Vocational at University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Descriptive study carried out to evaluate student leadership. The study sample consisted of 319 Technical and Vocational students. We used the questionnaire to identify student's preconceived of leadership. If we wish to develop successful leaders, we need for students to understand leadership styles in order to upgrade their existing abilities. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation. The findings show that articulate the highest in leadership styles that students was practice.

Field of study: Education
Dance as a way of knowing – a creative inquiry into the embodiment of womanhood through dance

In this paper, I discuss how dance can operate as a method in the collaborative performance ethnography to explore the sensory and emotional dimensions of the embodiment of young womanhood. Drawing on one dance workshop where we explored material objects symbolic of womanhood, particularly introducing Nitika and her intuitive dance with gendered objects and her bodily ways of knowing and learning about gender, I illustrate how dance enabled exploration of young women’s identity intertwined with objects and their gendered meanings. I argue that creative embodied methods such as dance create space for working with the plurality of fleeting sensory and emotional information, not because it is more important than any other information, but because it is an alternative way of knowing about oneself, others and the world.

Field of study: Sociology
The 2003 Veblen-Commons Award Recipient: F. Gregory Hayden

Our divergent ages notwithstanding, Greg Hayden has long been an impressive model for me of the exemplary professional scholar. He is an exceptional classroom instructor, an original theory builder, a frequent and vigorous policy advocate, a trusted political advisor, and an author of significant published works. In these roles he has repeatedly demonstrated mature analytical capabilities and an unwavering commitment to the formulation of substantive and pertinent theoretical explanations and their often courageous application in difficult circumstances. He is a rigorous devotee of democratic processes in economic policy making. More particularly, in his contributions to the theareticalliterature in the application of neoinstitutional economics to the general area of policy making, and especially to environmental economics, he has few peers. It is altogether appropriate that Greg Hayden receive the Veblen-Commons Award. It is indeed well deserved. Professor Hayden was born on August 14, 1939. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in Economics at Kansas State University in 1962 and went on to the University of Texas in Austin, where he completed his Doctorate in Economics in 1968. He took classes from Clarence E. Ayres. The chair of his doctoral committee was Daniel C. Morgan, a Wisconsin institutionalist who also had studied with Ayres. Greg has been a member of the economics faculty at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln since 1967. My first extensive contact with Greg occurred when, shortly after my The Discretionary Economy was published in 1979, he invited me to come to the campus in Lincoln and serve as a guest lecturer for several days. We have been the best of friends ever since then. In the years following I came to recognize that Greg is a superb lecturer-instructor-articulate, imaginative, substantive, and empathetic. He regularly involves his most able students in his research projects. They gain analytical skills. They assist him in the pursuit of his research projects; he assists them in developing their own research capabilities. Interestingly, Greg has served on some twenty-eight doctoral committees at UNL and was chair of fifteen. One of Professor Hayden's most significant contributions is his service as role model for his students. As their instructor, he consistently demonstrates his commit-

Field of study: Economics
An overview of health risks and benefits of alcohol consumption.

This article provides an overview of the most recent evidence on health risks and benefits of alcohol consumption. Not only different types of dose-response curves but also other factors are important to consider when balancing health risks and benefits of alcohol consumption. The association between alcohol exposure and the risk of developing alcohol-related harm is multifactorial; there is a considerable individual variation in risk and a particular female susceptibility. Guidelines on drinking published over the last decade have become successively more restrictive. Whereas guidelines in the 1980s referred to "sensible drinking" or "responsible drinking," more recent guidelines refer to "low-risk drinking." For an increasing number of groups, the recommendation is to avoid alcohol entirely. The need to consider individual risk factors and specific risk situations is increasingly emphasized. The possible net beneficial health effects of moderate drinking may be achieved in less risky ways by refraining from smoking, eating less dietary fat, and doing regular exercise. A number of health risks of moderate drinking have been demonstrated. Yet, for the moderate drinker, various psychosocial problems--especially in the area of productivity and relations--are more likely to develop than organ damage. Also, the risks involved in giving general guidelines on drinking have been widely discussed. If these guidelines were generally accepted and followed, it could have negative consequences on public health.

Field of study: Medicine
Effects of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections on stopping observable and ratio of free protons in heavy-ion collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon

The effects of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections on the stopping observable and ratio of free protons in heavy-ion collisions at 400MeV/nucleon have been investigated within the framework of the IQMD+GEMINI model. Five kinds of in-medium corrections of nucleon-nucleon cross sections, which are considerably different in the referred energy and density, have been used in the model. It has been found that calculations of the stopping decrease when the in-medium cross sections decrease. Moreover, the ratio of free protons Rp depends not only on the value of the in-medium factors but also on its isospin dependence. In order to investigate the isospin effect of in-medium factors on the ratio of free protons Rp, the isospin dependence of in-medium factors has been adjusted and used in the model. The calculations have shown that the isospin dependence of in-medium factors does not impact the stopping, but impacts the ratio of free protons Rp. When the in-medium factors relation fnnmed > fppmed is used in the model, the calculated values of Rp are larger than those in the fnnmed < fppmed case.

Field of study: Physics
General equilibrium with nonconvexities and money

In a general-equilibrium economy with nonconvexities, there are sunspot equilibria with good welfare properties; sunspots can ameliorate the effects of the nonconvexities. For these economies, we show that agents act as if they have quasi-linear utility functions. We use this result to construct a new model of monetary exchange along the lines of Lagos and Wright, where trade occurs in both centralized and decentralized markets, but instead of quasi-linear preferences we assume general preferences but with indivisible labor. This suggests that modern monetary theory is more robust than one might have thought. It also constitutes progress on the classic problem of integrating monetary economics and general-equilibrium theory.

Field of study: Economics
Choice behavior on discrete trials: a demonstration of the occurrence of a response strategy.

Three pairs of pigeons were trained to peck at two keys presented simultaneoulsy in discrete trials with intertrial intervals of 1, 22, or 120 sec. Left-key responses incremented the probability of reinforcement for the first right-key response and, conversely, right-key responses incremented the probability of reinforcement for the first left-key response. In terms of relative response rates, it was found that all birds' choices were described by a momentary maximizing strategy, but this fact was not reflected in the detailed sequential statistics for birds with the longer (22 or 120 sec) intertrial intervals. It was hypothesized that choice behavior, in general, may be accurately described by a momentary maximizing sequence, but that prior failures to demonstrate this were due to "errors" in executing the momentary maximizing sequence. These misappropriated responses, which are hypothesized to be randomly distributed among the responses defining the momentary maximizing sequence, caused successive choices to appear to be statistically independent when, in fact, they were not.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Three-Layer Organic Solar Cell

Three-layer organic cells composed of perylene pigment/phthalocyanine/quinacridone were examined, and the photocurrent was founded to be greatly affected by the thickness of phthalocyanine layer. Furthermore, the tandem type solar cells were fabricated by combining of several units of the three-layer cell to clarify the relationship between the number of accumulated unit cells and cell characteristics.

Field of study: Chemistry
[Metabolic disturbances and ways of their pharmacological correction in acute poisoning with ethanol in patients with chronic alcoholism].

To study an influence of chronic alcoholism on the clinical course and severity of metabolic disturbances in patients with acute poisoning with ethanol and to improve the treatment.



Authors examined 93 patients stratified into three groups (acute poisoning with ethanol in patients with chronic alcoholism, without chronic alcoholism and those treated with reamberin).



The presence of chronic alcoholism significantly augmented metabolic disturbances and influenced the disturbance of oxygen-transport function and free-radical processes in patients with acute intoxication with ethanol. Using of reamberin in the complex intensive therapy led to the decrease in metabolic disorders, which improved the clinical course of acute poisoning with ethanol in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Evaluation of functional properties of egg white obtained from pasteurized shell egg as ingredient in angel food cake.

Pasteurized shell eggs are eggs that have been thermally treated to eliminate harmful bacteria, however the treatment may also denature some of the egg white proteins. In this study the degree of denaturation and functional properties (emulsifying, foaming, and gelling properties) of egg white obtained from pasteurized eggs (EWP) were compared with those of unpasteurized eggs (EWUP). Data from differential scanning calorimeter showed that the EWP (ovotransferin, lysozyme, and ovalbumin) denatured at lower temperatures and required lower denaturation enthalpies than EWUP, indicating a partial loss of protein structure during the pasteurization process in the pasteurized eggs. The emulsion and foam stability formed from EWP were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of EWUP, however the EWP formed stronger gels than EWUP. To assess suitability of EWP as a cake ingredient, angel food cake was prepared using both egg whites. As compared to EWUP-cake, EWP-cake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in volume, cohesiveness and springiness values, but significantly (P < 0.05) higher in hardness, gumminess and chewiness. Overall, the sensory panelists gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher scores for angel food cake prepared with EWUP. The differences in functional properties of egg white proteins and the quality of cake were due mainly to the higher levels of denaturation attained by EWP as a result of the pasteurization process.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
From the source area to the deposit: Collapse, fragmentation, and propagation of the Frank Slide

The combination of structural data from the source area and descriptive data from the deposit’s carapace, as well as remote sensing and statistical analysis, allows a better understanding of the collapse, fragmentation, and propagation processes of the Frank Slide rock avalanche. The in situ observed conservation of the stratigraphic sequence of the Turtle Mountain anticline’s normal limb in the deposit is interpreted as the consequence of the collapse mode, involving simple shearing of the mass accompanied by a rotational movement, i.e., a “simple shear” parallel to the topography, and a breakage of the hinge, followed by overthrusting of the normal limb on the inverse limb. Coherence between the block size distributions of the source area and the deposit carapace is interpreted as a demonstration of the primary control of preexisting fracturing on the fragmentation processes. Remote-sensing indexes allow us to uncover a priori hidden morphological features preserved on the surface of the deposit, i.e., longitudinal and compressional features, as well as lobes. Their location on the carapace provides evidence of lateral heterogeneity in the propagation, highlighted by three different types of propagation behaviors. This comprehensive study not only provides elements that contribute to an understanding of the Frank Slide rock avalanche, but it also provides insight into essential parameters to take into account in further modeling of these types of phenomena.

Field of study: Geology
A Method of Short-term Load Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic

In order to consider the factors such as temperature、date type、weather status and etc which influence the short-term electric load forecasting, this paper provides a method based on radial basis function neural network combined with fuzzy logic. Short-term system load can be subdivided into periodic basic load and variable load influenced by number of factors. ANN is used to forecast the periodic load, here we adopt the RBF model which is relative precise in load forecasting; we use fuzzy logical to give different fuzzy deals to the weather factor temperature and date-types, then update the elementary result of load forecasting with the fuzzy reasoning rules. By Comparing between typical example and usual forecasting result by BP model, the result indicates that this method has high accuracy and some factual values.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Swelling-Induced Taurine Transport: Relationship with Chloride Channels, Anion-Exchangers and Other Swelling-Activated Transport Pathways

Cells have to regulate their volume in order to survive. Moreover, it is now evident that cell volume per se and the membrane transport processes which regulate it, comprise an important signalling unit. For example, macromolecular synthesis, apoptosis, cell growth and hormone secretion are all influenced by the cellular hydration state. Therefore, a thorough understanding of volume-activated transport processes could lead to new strategies being developed to control the function and growth of both normal and cancerous cells. Cell swelling stimulates the release of ions such as K+ and Cl- together with organic osmolytes, especially the β-amino acid taurine. Despite being the subject of intense research interest, the nature of the volume-activated taurine efflux pathway is still a matter of controversy. On the one hand it has been suggested that osmosensitive taurine efflux utilizes volume-sensitive anion channels whereas on the other it has been proposed that the band 3 anion-exchanger is a swelling-induced taurine efflux pathway. This article reviews the evidence for and against a role of anion channels and exchangers in osmosensitive taurine transport. Furthermore, the distinct possibility that neither pathway is involved in taurine transport is highlighted. The putative relationship between swelling-induced taurine transport and volume-activated anionic amino acid, α-neutral amino acid and K+ transport is also examined.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
A Comparison of Propensity Score Weighting Methods for Evaluating the Effects of Programs With Multiple Versions

This Monte Carlo simulation study compares methods to estimate the effects of programs with multiple versions when assignment of individuals to program version is not random. These methods use generalized propensity scores, which are predicted probabilities of receiving a particular level of the treatment conditional on covariates, to remove selection bias. The results indicate that inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) removes the most bias, followed by optimal full matching (OFM), and marginal mean weighting through stratification (MMWTS). The study also compared standard error estimation with Taylor series linearization, bootstrapping and the jackknife across propensity score methods. With IPTW, these standard error estimation methods performed adequately, but standard errors estimates were biased in most conditions with OFM and MMWTS.

Field of study: Education
DELTA-FRONT VALLEYS BORDERING THE MISSISSIPPI DISTRIBUTARIES

Shallow discontinuous valleys crease the upper portion of the continental slopes in the region where the Mississippi Delta has built across the shelf. These valleys attest to the instability of the forward-growing slope despite its average inclination of only 1 per cent. Mass movements probably of the earthflow type appear to be the cause of the valleys rather than turbidity currents because deposits from valley floors show no concentration of sand by currents, and many of the valleys are not located at points where large discharge of sediment-laden water could produce turbidity currents. Furthermore, depressions and hills along the courses of the valleys and their short length differentiate them from the long continuous slightly incised valleys which are outer continuations of submarine canyons and which are generally ascribed to turbidity currents. The delta-front valleys shift position as the slopes are built forward.

Field of study: Geology
A 3-quasiparticle isomer in neutron-rich 183Ta

Excited states in neutron-rich 183Ta have been studied using a two-neutron transfer reaction of 181Ta(18O,16O) . In-beam $ \gamma$ -rays were measured in coincidence with scattered ions detected by a high-resolution $ \Delta$E -E Si telescope for reaction channel selection. Previously known 1-quasiparticle bands are extended to higher spins, and several levels including a T1/2 = 0.9(3) μs 3-quasiparticle isomer are identified.

Field of study: Physics
40Ar/39Ar mineral age record of variably superimposed Proterozoic tectonothermal events in the Grenville Orogen, central Labrador

Penetratively cleaved slate–phyllite within supracrustal sequences (Seal Lake and Letitia Lake groups) in northernmost portions of the Grenville parauthochthon in central Labrador record 1018 ± 15 and 985 ± 14 Ma whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages, which are interpreted as closely dating deformation and a concomitant low-grade metamorphism. The 40Ar/39Ar signature of Grenvillian tectonothermal effects is variably recorded in more southerly portions of the parautochthon. Locally within the extensive North Pole Brook igneous suite, there is no significant metamorphic retrogression. In these areas, igneous hornblendes record ca. 1650 Ma plateau ages similar to those suggested for emplacement of most of the suite by previously reported Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron and U–Pb zircon analyses. Low-temperature retrogression of igneous assemblages is observed throughout most of the North Pole Brook igneous terrane. Hornblende concentrates from five relatively undeformed samples are characterized by internally discordan...

Field of study: Environmental science
Sien nóú die geleenthede

Die eerste vyf maande van 2008 het vir meer finansiele skokke gesorg as waarvoor 'n mens in 'n jaar kans sien. As brandstofpryse nie nuwe hoogtepunte bereik nie, skiet voedselpryse deur die plafon. Die gevolg is stygende rentekoerse en strammer ekonomiese omstandighede.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Verifying Online User Identity using Stylometric Analysis for Short Messages

Stylometry consists of the analysis of linguistic styles and writing characteristics of the authors for identification, characterization, or verification purposes. In this paper, we investigate authorship verification for the purpose of user authentication process. In this setting, authentication consists of comparing sample writing of an individual against the model or profile associated with the identity claimed by that individual at login time (i.e. 1-to-1 identity matching). In addition, the authentication process must be done in a short period of time, which means analyzing short messages. Although a significant amount of literature has been produced showing high accuracy rates for long documents, it is still challenging to identify accurately authors of short unstructured documents, in particular when dealing with large authors populations. In this paper, we pose some steps toward achieving that goal by proposing a supervised learning technique combined with n-grams analysis for authorship verification for short texts. We introduce a new n-gram metric and study several sizes of n-grams using a relatively large dataset. The experimental evaluation shows increased effectiveness of our approach compared to the existing approaches published in the literature.

Field of study: Computer science
Linear Power Amplifiers: Basic Considerations of Switched-Mode Assisted Amplifiers

The paper presents a combined high efficient amplifier system consisting of a linear amplifier unit with a switched-mode(class D) current and voltage stage arranged in parallel. With this topology the fundamental drawback of conventional linear power amplifiers - the high loss is avoided. Compared to a pure class D (switching) amplifier the presented system needs no output filter to reduce the switching frequency harmonics. This filter (usually of cascaded type) generally try to avoide the transient response of the system and impairs the feedback loop design. Furthermore, the low-frequency distortions of switching amplifiers caused by the inter system response delay of the power transistors is avoided with the presented switched-mode assisted linear amplifier system. This consideration as a master-slave system with a guiding linear amplifier and a supporting class D slave unit. The work describes the operating principle of the system, analyzes the fundamental relationships for the circuit design and presents simulation results with the help of virtual lab. Keywords - class D, harmonics, transient error, etc

Field of study: Engineering