nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Book review

Alchorneae (Euphorbiaceae) Ricardo de S. Secco. Flora Neotropica Monograph 93. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 10458, 194 pp, cloth $45.00, ISBN 0-89327-456-9. The Flora Neotropica series is gradually providing definitive monographs of the plants and fungi of the Neotropics. The information in these monographs has been much used in studies of biogeography and plant conservation and so as this series approaches its hundredth volume it is appropriate to draw attention to it here. Volume 93 treats the small tribe Alchorneae of the large and important spurge family, the Euphorbiaceae. The Neotropical element of the tribe contains three genera and 37 species. It includes the ecologically important and widespread genus Alchornea, as well as Aparisthmium and Conceveiba. As in most monographs in the series much data are given in addition to the basic morphological descriptions. This monograph includes data on seed dispersal, pollination, sexual systems, seedlings, chromosomes, chemistry, ethnobotany and conservation. The conservation section draws attention to the very restricted distributions of several species and some of these occur in habitats that are being destroyed such as in Rondônia in Brazil. This monograph is abundantly illustrated with attractive line drawings, photographs of several species in the field and distribution maps of all species. Conservationists will find especially useful the distribution maps and the ecological information provided for each species. One of the welcome features of Flora Neotropica is that it is encouraging authors from the region to publish as is the case here. This is the second monograph in the series to be written in the Portuguese language and several other volumes have been in Spanish thereby stimulating the participation of indigenous authors. This is a scholarly work well up to the standard of previous volumes. Flora Neotropica is fast becoming a basic tool for conservation in the neotropics as it describes more of the botanical diversity of the region. It is to be hoped that many more volumes will soon follow.

Field of study: Environmental science
SCN1A exon 26 variants in epilepsy and migraine patients

Epilepsy and migraine are common neurological diseases in many populations. Mutation of the voltage gated natrium channel Nav1.1 (SCN1A) are important causes of different genetic epilepsies and can also cause familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM-III). This study aimed to identify SCN1A gene variation in patients with epilepsy and common migraine. Gene variation analysis of exon 26 of the SCN1A gene was carried out in 33 patients with epilepsy, 33 patients with migraine and 30 control individuals from Neurology Polyclinic at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh. The PCR and direct sequencing methods were performed in this study. SCN1A gene variations were identified in two epilepsy patients. These gene variations located at exon 26 were four silent mutations in patient E27 at position A4440T (Leu1480Leu), T4443C (Leu1481Leu), A5046G (Leu1682Leu) and C5121T (Asp1707Asp). One silent mutation in patient E30 at position G5505A (Glu1835Glu). None of these gene variations were identified in controls and patients with common migraine in this study. This study has identified 5 genetic variations of SCN1A in patients with epilepsy but not in common migraine. The mechanism and relationship between these variants and epilepsy need to be clarified.

Field of study: Medicine
Cinnamic Acid (CINN) Induces Apoptosis and Proliferation in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells

CINN is the main ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine cinnamon. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CINN on the proliferation and apoptosis of NPC cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.  CNE2 human NPC cells were treated with various CINN concentrations. The effects of CINN on the proliferation and apoptosis of CNE2 NPC cells were examined using the MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Additionally, western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of a number of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins.  The proliferation of CNE2 cells was significantly inhibited after treatment with different CINN concentrations for various lengths of time. The inhibitory effect of CINN was concentration-and time-dependent. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 2 mmol/L CINN displayed a significant apoptosis-inducing effect. The western blot analysis results showed that KLF6, Fas-L, Bax, P53 and caspase-3 protein expression was drastically increased in the CNE2 cells after treatment with 2 mmol/L CINN, whereas Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 protein expression was markedly reduced.  CINN inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of CNE2 cells. Therefore, CINN possesses a potential anti-tumor effect.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
The concept of double inlet-double outlet right ventricle: a distinct congenital heart disease.

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and to analyze the anatomy of double inlet-double outlet right ventricle complex and its associated cardiac anomalies in our autopsy series. Among the 1640 hearts with congenital heart disease of our Anatomical Collection, we reviewed the specimens with double inlet-double outlet right ventricle, according to the sequential-segmental analysis, identifying associated cardiac anomalies and examining lung histology to assess the presence of pulmonary vascular disease. We identified 14 hearts with double inlet-double outlet right ventricle (0.85%). Right atrial isomerism was observed in 10 hearts, situs solitus in 3 and left atrial isomerism in one. Regarding the mode of atrioventricular connection, all hearts but one had a common atrioventricular valve. Systemic or pulmonary venous abnormalities were noted in all patients with atrial isomerism. In nine patients a valvular or subvalvular pulmonary stenosis was present. Among the functionally "univentricular hearts", double inlet- double outlet right ventricle represents a peculiar entity, mostly in association with right atrial isomerism. Multiple cardiac anomalies are associated and may complicate surgical repair.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo’s “Trattato dell’Arte della Pittura”: Color, Perspective and Anatomy. Barbara Tramelli. Nuncius Series: Studies and Sources in the Material and Visual History of Science 1. Leiden: Brill, 2017. xii + 254 pp. $145.

icant case studies of art that expresses “subjects, forms, materials and the processes of painting” (304). The notebook of Leonardo in particular produced many new and inspiring approaches that benefitted from such texts in medieval and early Renaissance Europe, such as Cennino Cennini’s functional recipe and Alberti’s On Painting. The latter was completed in about 1435 and aimed to rebuild intellectual knowledge of art, such as the mathematical formulation of space and principles of color and perspective. Leonardo then shifted the intellectual status of painting in its position and hierarchy, the conceptual change in art thus being read and understood by way of technical writings on the part of successive generations of authors. In the field of art history, technical texts have tended to be ignored, more or less, because of their complex nature. With this book, Cerasuolo makes an inspiring effort to meet a great challenge by shaping an approach that contributes to the study of art history through a discussion of technical writings that “occupy a hinterland which borders on several areas and disciplines” (1). The book also provides an overall outline that retraces the procedures that contributed to the art of sixteenth-century Italy by detailing the materials and processes behind it. For the study of art theory, practice, and conservation science, and in delineating how to read the value and significance of technical texts in their historical context and in their in illumination of technique and style, text, and conception of art, Literature and Artistic Practice in Sixteenth-Century Italy represents a new achievement in the study of art history.

Field of study: History
Microstructure and Properties of Copper-free Wire Subjected to Intermediate Annealing

An interstage annealing process of oxygenfree copper wire were taking wiredrawing was tested by trial. The compositions and priformances of rambles wise detismiued. The experimented sisals show that the plaits incl. and the strength annotating of samples well anaxmium in the wiredrawing velocities between 600~700 mm/min and voltage potation between 25~26V.The composition of rambles approach to be homogeneous in this conditions.

Field of study: Materials science
Corneal topography and the hirschberg test.

A simple trigonometric analysis of the Hirschberg test with the assumption that the corneal surface is spherical predicts a sinusoidal dependence of the corneal reflex displacement on the angle of ocular rotation. A comparison with corneal reflex photographs demonstrates that at angles larger than 50 prism diopters (26 deg) the reflex displacements are larger than predicted by the spherical model. This discrepancy may be accounted for by incorporating a more general description of the corneal topography into the geometric analysis. The linear Hirschberg relation that is seen in typical data is accounted for by a relative flattening of the peripheral cornea by ~ 20% of the apical curvature. This geometric analysis of the functional dependence of the Hirschberg relation on the corneal topography can be expressed as an integral equation. Differentiation yields a second-order differential equation for the corneal topography in terms of the Hirschberg data. If the Hirschberg relation is assumed to be linear, a quadratic dependence is found for the corneal curvature. A similar differential approach can be formulated for the Placido disk. In this sense the corneal topography problem given in terms of Placido disk data is shown to be wellformulated. The relative simplicity of the Hirschberg geometry is seen to stem from the alignment of the light source with the eye of the observer.

Field of study: Physics
PRIMARY RESONANCE OF CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTOR SUBJECTED TO HARMONIC EXCITATION

Primary resonance of current-carrying conductor subjected to harmonic excitation and ampere force system are studied. The Duffing equation of the system is established by means of principles in dynamics. According to the method of multiple scales for nonlinear vibrations, the approximation solution for primary resonance of the system is obtained. Numerical analysis on the influence of current, detuning, tension, and excitation applied on the system is carried out.

Field of study: Engineering
Performance Enhancement of Quench Detection System for the KSTAR Superconducting Pulse Coils

Since the first plasma was achieved in 2008, the quench detection system for the Korea Superconducting Advanced Tokamak Research (KSTAR) coils has been successfully operated. Simple bridge circuits and cowound voltage sensors were used for the first quench detectors. In order to enhance the reliability and stability of the quench detection especially for the pulse coils such as the KSTAR CS coil, a couple of schemes to actively reject inductive voltages have been added and tested. They have focused on rejecting as much inductive voltages as possible and increasing the noise rejection ratio (NRR) because the inductive voltage noise is a main factor to disturb the stable quench detection. One scheme is to use the voltage difference between two balanced bridge voltages or two voltages of cowound voltage sensors, where each voltage is the voltage across each of two coils having the same electrical currents and structurally symmetry. The other is to use the voltage difference between the measured voltage and the calculated voltage. With the additional schemes, inductive voltages were reduced so that the NRR could substantially increase up to 20 000. In this paper, the upgraded quench detection system was described for the KSTAR PF1 coil and the performance results were presented together with experimental data in the 2016 KSTAR campaign.

Field of study: Physics
The Borrower's Curse: Optimism, Finance and Entrepreneurship

This paper argues that most of the facts characterizing small-scale businesses, including high failure rates, reliance on bank credit rather than equity finance, relatively low interest rate margins, and credit rationing, can be explained by a tendency for those who are excessively optimistic to dominate new entrants. Drawing on findings in psychology, the authors model entrants as relatively naive optimizers. Banks on the other hand are viewed as well informed and efficient processors of information.

Field of study: Economics
Improved Coupled Channels and R-Matrix Models: Predictions to 1 Gev

The $NN$ scattering near inelastic threshold is sensitive to the long-range diagonal interaction in the produced isobar channel. Earlier models included meson exchange potentials in the $NN$ sector and connecting that sector to isobar channels, as well as an $R$-matrix description of short-range quark effects. Including the diagonal pion exchange contributions in the $N\Delta$ channels coupled to the very inelastic ${}^1D_2$ and ${}^3F_3$ $NN$ channels substantially improves those phase parameters and the observables $\Delta\sigma_{L}$ and $\Delta\sigma_{T}$. The same improvement is made to the other $I=1$ $NN$ channels. In the ${}^1S_0$ $NN$ channel coupling to the $\Delta\Delta$ channel is unusually important due to the $L=2$ angular momentum barrier in the $N\Delta$ channel. The pion exchange transition potentials between isobar channels are included in this partial wave to obtain the correct equilibrium between one- and two-pion decay channels. Other improvements to earlier models have been made, in the specification of isobar channels and the inclusion of decay width effects in more channels. A comparison is made with all the $pp$ data for $T_L \le 800$~MeV, producing a very good fit over the whole energy range.

Field of study: Physics
Pedagogical Tools for Teaching Supply and Demand Using Lessons from Transitional Economies

The typical method of presenting supply and demand in high school classes often leaves students with an impression that markets are simple and function effortlessly. In reality, the effectiveness of markets depends on the quality of complex institutions such as private property and property-rights enforcement. Students often do not realize that markets and the institutions that support them are man-made and do not function automatically. The authors offer pedagogical tools and speaking points that allow teachers to dispel these notions while helping students appreciate the complexity of the market system. Discussion of supply and demand is combined with lessons learned from former centrally planned economies to provide students with a deeper understanding of the market system and how it differs from central planning. Examples and anecdotal evidence are drawn from the first author's experiences in communist Czechoslovakia.

Field of study: Sociology
Geological reconnaissances in southeastern Alaska

During the summer of 1901 the writer, assisted by Mr Corey C. Brayton, spent about two months in making a preliminary reconnaissance of the Ketchikan mining district, and later about one month in a more general reconnaissance of other parts of southeastern Alaska. The results of this work are to be published by the U. S. Geological Survey in a report entitled “Preliminary Report on the Ketchikan Mining District of Southeastern Alaska.” In view of the little that is known of this region, it has seemed worth while to abstract the more important conclusions bearing on the general geology of the region. A few small areas in this region have been studied in some detail and many facts have been gathered, but almost no attempt has been made to correlate them. The work of the Canadian geologists, however, near the boundary and in British Columbia has added to the . . .

Field of study: Geology
Conformation of 2,5-substituted 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes studied by NMR

The conformation of a series of 2,5-substituted 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes is studied by PMR. The preferred conformation for the majority of compounds has an equatorial group on atom C(5). The 5-nitroderivative exists in the conformation with an axial nitro group.

Field of study: Chemistry
The Arabidopsis tandem CCCH zinc finger proteins AtTZF4, 5 and 6 are involved in light-, abscisic acid- and gibberellic acid-mediated regulation of seed germination.

Tandem CCCH zinc finger proteins (TZFs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in animals and yeast. Genetic studies indicate that plant TZFs are involved in hormone-mediated developmental and environmental responses. We have demonstrated previously that Arabidopsis AtTZF1 can localize to processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs), and affects abscisic acid (ABA)- and gibberellic acid (GA)-mediated growth, stress and gene expression responses. Here we show that AtTZF4, 5 and 6 are specifically expressed in seeds. Consistent with the observation that their expression levels decline during seed imbibition, AtTZF4, 5 and 6 are up-regulated by ABA and down-regulated by GA. Mutant analyses indicate that AtTZF4, 5 and 6 act as positive regulators for ABA- and negative regulators for light- and GA-mediated seed germination responses. Results of gene expression analysis indicate that AtTZF4, 5 and 6 affect seed germination by controlling genes critical for ABA and GA response. Furthermore, AtTZF4, 5 and 6 can co-localize with both PB and SG markers in Arabidopsis cells. Specifically, AtTZF6 can be assembled into PBs and SGs in embryos with the induction of stress hormone methyl jasmonate under the control of native AtTZF6 promoter.

Field of study: Environmental science
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in children and adolescents with Gaucher disease; relation to residual disease severity.

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by functional defects of the acid β-glucocerebrosidase enzyme, with accumulation of glucosylceramide in the macrophage lineage lysosomes causing multisystem abnormalities. However, some GD manifestations can't be explained by Gaucher-cells infiltration. Recent studies emphasized the role of inflammation in GD.



To compare the level of TIMP1 (Tissue-inhibitory metalloproteinase-1) and VEGF (Vascular-endothelial growth factor) and nail-fold capillaroscopy (NFC) changes in children and adolescents (CA) with GD and controls and correlate them to disease-severity, genotype, visceral and neurological manifestations.



Fifty-three CA with GD were compared to 52 age and sex matched healthy controls stressing on ERT (enzyme replacement therapy) dose and duration, pulmonary, hematological and neurological manifestations with assessment of severity-scoring index (SSI). Full neurological, abdominal and chest examinations were done. Sonographic liver and spleen volumes and NFC were assessed. GD genotype was done. Serum TIMP-1 and VEGF were measured.



CA with GD had significantly higher TIMP-1 (P < 0.001) and VEGF (P < 0.001) than controls. Type 3CA with GD had significantly higher TIMP-1 (P = 0.004) and VEGF (P = 0.035) than type 1. There was a significant positive correlation between TIMP-1 and each of VEGF (P < 0.001), SSI (P < 0.001) and NFC (P < 0.001). A significant positive relation was found between TIMP-1 and convulsions (P = 0.002), dysphagia (P = 0.008), opthalmoplegia (P = 0.038) and developmental delay (P < 0.001). Multi-variate logistic regression analysis for predictors of children and adolescents with GD revealed that its most correlated to TIMP-1 (P = 0.008) and NFC changes (P = 0.025).



Macrophage proliferation in GD modulates local inflammation, micro-angiopathy and neo-angiogenesis. NFC can be used as a noninvasive indicator of microangiopathy in GD.

Field of study: Medicine
Spectral multiplexing method for digital snapshot spectral imaging.

We propose a spectral imaging method for piecewise "macropixel" objects, which allows a regular digital camera to be converted into a digital snapshot spectral imager by equipping the camera with only a disperser and a demultiplexing algorithm. The method exploits a "multiplexed spectrum" intensity pattern, i.e., the superposition of spectra from adjacent different image points, formed on the image sensor of the digital camera. The spatial image resolution is restricted to a macropixel level in order to acquire both spectral and spatial data (i.e., an entire spectral cube) in a single snapshot. Results of laboratory experiments with a special macropixel object image, composed of small, spatially uniform squares, provide to our knowledge a first verification of the proposed spectral imaging method.

Field of study: Physics
Saint Augustine, Freedom of Will, and Pornography

In this article, which was originally a talk given at the annual Courage and EnCourage conference in July 2009, at Villanova University, I first discuss the pastoral letter of Bishop Robert W. Finn on the Dignity of the Human Person and the Dangers of Pornography. Then I summarize St. Augustine's theory concerning the necessity of a united will to overcome an addictive habit, specifically, his insights into the freedom of the will and other aspects of the will. I propose that Augustine's insights be used as an important part of the pastoral approach to helping a person addicted to pornography.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Probabilistic analysis of a two-unit cold standby system with two-phase repair and preventive maintenance

The paper deals with the cost-benefit analysis of a two-unit cold standby system with two-phase repair of a failed unit and preventive maintenance (PM). The PM of an operative unit starts after a fixed amount of time which is made only if the other unit is in standby. The distributions of failure time and time to accomplish PM are negative exponential while the distributions of repair times and time until PM are all general. Various economic reliability measures of interest to system designers as well as operations managers have been obtained using regenerative points in MRP.

Field of study: Engineering
P,P,P′,P′-Tetraethynylated Bisphosphine and P-C-P Pincer Ligands with Bulky End Caps: Synthesis, Coordination Properties and Application to Platinum-catalyzed 1,8-Enyne Cycloisomerization

P,P,P′,P′-Tetraethynylated bisphosphine and P-C-P pincer ligands with tris[3,5-di(tert-butyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]methyl end caps were synthesized. The bulky end cap groups of these ligands form a nano...

Field of study: Chemistry
The linear optical properties of a multi-shell spherical quantum dot of a parabolic confinement for cases with and without a hydrogenic impurity

Throughout this work, we aim to explore the linear optical properties of a semiconductor multi-shell spherical quantum dot with and without a hydrogenic donor impurity. The core and well layers are defined by the parabolic electronic potentials in the radial direction. The energy levels and corresponding wavefunctions of the structure are calculated by using the shooting technique in the framework of the effective-mass approximation. We investigate the intersublevel absorption coefficients of a single electron and the hydrogenic donor impurity comparatively as a function of the photon energy. In addition, we carry out the effect of a donor impurity and the layer thickness on the oscillator strengths and magnitude and position of absorption coefficient peaks. We illustrate the electron probability distribution and variation of the energy levels in cases with and without the impurity for different thicknesses of layers. This kind of structure gives an opportunity to tune and control the absorption coefficient of the system by changing three different thickness parameters. Also it provides a possibility to separate 0s and 1p electrons in different regions of the quantum dot.

Field of study: Materials science