nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Tobacco Use and Concurrent Alcohol and Substance Use Among Patients Living with HIV/HCV Co-infection: Findings from a Large Urban Tertiary Center

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco use among patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were analyzed of patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection (n = 313) who presented for clinical evaluation and treatment of HCV between 2013 and 2017 at a university-affiliated HIV/HCV Co-infection Clinic. The prevalence of tobacco use in patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection was 48%. Compared to non-smokers, a higher proportion of tobacco smokers had substance use disorders and concurrent alcohol and substance use. In the multivariate analysis, concurrent alcohol and substance use was positively associated with tobacco use. The findings suggest clinical interventions are urgently needed to reduce tobacco use among patients living with HIV/HCV co-infection—a doubly-vulnerable immunocompromised population. Otherwise, failed efforts to dedicate resources and targeted behavioral interventions for this respective population will inhibit survival—especially considering the recent and evolving COVID-19 pandemic.

Field of study: Psychology
The effect of mexidol in the combination with antidepressants on sleep disturbance in young patients with panic disorder

with panic disorder, 30 men and 40 women, mean age 34,5±1,8 years. All patients had insomnia. Patients were classified into the main and control groups. Patients of the control group received antidepressants only (fevarin in dosage 150 mg daily). Patients of the main group were additionally treated with mexidol (375 mg daily). The treatment duration was two weeks. A clinical and instrumental (polysomnography) examination revealed that the use of mexidol enhanced the decrease in anxiety disorders, autonomic disturbances and insomnia and improved quality of life of the patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Role of defects in superconducting wires for degradation and training

Intrinsic and extrinsic defects play an important role in training and degradation of superconducting wires and magnets. Various defects along with experimental data regarding the hierarchy of defects have been presented. Duxbury-Leath model of inverse worst defect cluster has been hypothesized to explain the statistical nature of the phenomenon. `Loss of memory' in the case of training has been explained for the first time.

Field of study: Physics
Granite intruding into Granodiorite: An example from the Damara Belt, South West Africa

ZusammenfassungBis jetzt dachte man (Smith, 1965) daß im Zentralbereich des Damara-Orogens, Südwest Afrika, der Rote Granit und der Salem Granodiorit zwei magmatische Körper wären, die überall von (im wesentlichen) Marmoren getrennt seien. Es wurden drei Gegenden entdeckt, an denen die Marmore fehlen; an allen drei Stellen intrudiert der Rote Granit in den Salem Granodiorit. Schmelz-Experimente mit Proben von zwei dieser Lokalitäten erlauben die Bedingungen abzuschätzen, die während der Intrusion des Roten Granites geherrscht haben (680° C, 4 kb H2O-Druck).Die Weißen Granite — von denen man bis jetzt glaubte, sie seien spät-oder nachkinematisch — sind eine geologisch heterogene Gruppe. Mindestens an einer Stelle geht eine Intrusion der Weißen Granite derjenigen der Roten Granite voraus.AbstractUntil now (Smith, 1965) it was thought that in the central Damara Belt, South West Africa, the Red Granite and the Salem Granodiorite are two magmatic bodies separated by (essentially) marbles. Three places were discovered, where the marbles are missing; in all three places the Red Granite intrudes the Salem Granodiorite. Experimental melting done with samples from two of these localities allows to appraise the likely conditions during the intrusion of the Red Granite (680° C, 4 kb H2O-pressure).The White Granites — until now thought to be late or post kinematic — are a geologically heterogeneous group, at least in one place such an intrusion precedes that of the Red Granite.RésuméJusqu'à présent (Smith, 1965) on a pensé que dans la zone centrale de l'orogène de Damara (Sud-Ouest Africain) le Granite Rouge et la Granodiorite de Salem étaient deux plutonites séparées partout par des couches de marbres. On a découvert trois endroits où les marbres n'existent pas et où le Granite Rouge forme des intrusions recoupant la Granodiorite de Salem.Des essais de fusibilité sur des échantillons provenant de deux de ces localité permettent d'estimer les conditions d'intrusion du Granite Rouge (680° C avec des pressions H2O de 4–5 kb).Les Granites blancs (acceptés jusqu'à présent comme tardi orogéniques) forment géologiquement une groupe hétérogène. En un endroit au moins, une intrusion de Granite blanc est recoupée par une intrusion du Granite Rouge, plus jeune.Краткое содержаниеДо сих пор сичтали (SMITH, 1965), ч то красный гранит и гранодиорит Салема, залегающие в ц ентральной части оро гена Дамара, юго-западная Африка, представляют собой два магматичес ких тела, разделенных мрамора ми. Установили 3 района, гд е эти мраморы отсутст вуют, и где красный гранит интрудирован в гранодиорит Салема. Эксперименты по плав ке, проведенные на пробах из двух этих районов, позволили оц енить условия, господствов авшие во время интрузии кра сного гранита (680° C, 4 кб да вление водяного столба). Белы е граниты, которые до с их пор рассматривали, как поздне-, или послекине матического происхо ждения, представляют собой г еологически гетерогенную группу. Но, по-крайней мере, в од ном районе интрузия их предшевствует так овой красных гранито в.

Field of study: Environmental science
木麻黄花粉泛变应原profilin基因的克隆、表达及免疫学活性鉴定

变态反应性疾病被世界卫生组织(WHO)认为是当前世界性的重大卫生学问题[1].在引起变态反应性疾病的致病因素中气传致敏花粉(风媒花粉)是导致季节性变态反应疾病的最重要因素之一[2].目前,大约40%的过敏反应症状是由于接触特定花粉产生[3],世界范围内花粉症发病总数估计有5000万人以上[3].花粉症的发病症状初发时较轻,经反复接触,症状逐渐加重,甚至发展为一些不可逆的病变,严重影响人们的健康和正常生活。

Field of study: Biology
Stress modulating antioxidant effect of Nardostachys jatamansi.

The rhizomes of Nardostachysjatamansi, the plant commonly known as Jatamansi have been described in Ayurveda for their soothing and sedative action on the central nervous system. In the present study, the anti-stress effect of hydroethanolic extract (70%) of N. jatamansi (NJE) was evaluated in reference to its antioxidant property. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: naive, stressed, and T-200 and T-500 stressed with oral pre-treatment of NJE 200 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Restraint of rats in metallic chambers for 4 h at 4 degreesC was followed by sacrifice and assessment of stress-induced alterations in biochemical parameters, incidence and severity of ulcers. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and NO levels in stomach and LPO, NO levels and catalase activity in brain, plasma corticosterone level and adrenal ascorbic acid were measured. In vitro antioxidant activity of NJE was studied by measuring the free radical scavenging activity. NJE showed potent antioxidant activity and significantly reversed the stress-induced elevation of LPO and NO levels and decrease in catalase activity in the brain. It inhibited the incidence of gastric ulcerations and reversed the alterations in biochemical parameters/markers of stress-induced gastric ulceration. NJE also significantly altered stress-induced increase in adrenal and spleen weights and decrease in level of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland. Elevation of plasma corticosterone level was negated dose- dependently. The findings suggest that the NJE possesses significant anti-stress activity, which may be due to its antioxidant activity.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Resilient and underlay-aware P2P live-streaming

Application Layer Multicast (ALM) represents a cost-efficient way to disseminate content in large scale. However, as it relies on end-systems in content distribution, it can be easily attacked and thus requires specific measures to increase its resilience against attacks. Besides attacks on end-users, few attention has been paid to attacks on the underlying transport network so far. When the overlay is not constructed in an underlay-aware manner, several overlay links may rely on the same link or router in the underlay. Hence, a single underlay failure may result in multiple, simultaneous overlay failures. Moreover, without considering the underlying transport network an inefficient content distribution can be the result. For this reason the ALM induced traffic load in transport networks can become rather large. In this article, we propose a construction algorithm for ALM topologies that incorporates information about the underlying network to improve their resilience against underlay failures, to maintain resilience against overlay attacks, and to increase the efficiency of the content distribution. Our simulation results indicate that the underlay dependence of the established ALM overlays can be nearly halved compared to overlays that do not use information about the transport network in their construction. As a result, the ALM induced traffic load in transport networks decreases considerably. In addition, the results indicate that our topologies are likewise resilient to underlay as well as overlay attacks.

Field of study: Computer science
Missing, presumed different: Quantifying the risk of attrition bias in education evaluations

We estimate the magnitude of attrition bias for 10 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in education. We make use of a unique feature of administrative school data in England that allows us to analyse post-test academic outcomes for nearly all students, including those who originally dropped out of the RCTs we analyse. We find that the typical magnitude of attrition bias is 0.015σ, with no estimate greater than 0.034σ. This suggests that, in practice, the risk of attrition bias is limited. However, this risk should not be ignored as we find some evidence against the common ‘Missing At Random’ assumption. Attrition appears to be more problematic for treated units. We recommend that researchers incorporate uncertainty due to attrition bias, as well as performing sensitivity analyses based on the types of attrition mechanisms that are observed in practice.

Field of study: Mathematics
Radiation investigation of Gauss feed covered by a hemispherical-shell microwave windows

The Dyadic Green's function about spherical-shell microwave windows is presented in this paper,with which the influence on radiation pattern caused by the hemispherical-shell microwave windows is analyzed.The results show that the effect on the radiation pattern is prominent with the enhanced side lobe and the narrowed main lobe when the beam waist of Gauss distribution field is large,while the effect weakens as the beam waist decreases,thus it is concluded that the hemispherical-shell microwave windows are fit for the Gauss feed with small beam waist but unfit for the feed with large beam waist.

Field of study: Physics
The Prediction of Good and Poor Reading Before Kindergarten Entry: A 4-Year Follow-Up

All preschool children of the same age-group in a small town (N = 180) were tested 6 months before kindergarten entry (M age = 4 years — 9 months) with the Holbrook Screening Battery (HSB). The HSB correctly identified 92% of children who scored as both good and poor readers 4 years later on the Stanford Achievement Test (Total Reading score.) A shorter battery (5 HSB subtests) was found to predict reading as well as did the total HSB battery of 15 subtests. In factor analysis, the 5 variables most effective in predicting reading loaded on a verbal or a visual-verbal factor (WPPSI Information, Sentences, Letters, Counting and Draw-a-person; R = .74). Conclusions were that the prediction of later good and poor reading is no less accurate at age 4 than it is at 5 or 6 years, and that language and word-finding tasks are effective predictors. The benefits of predictive testing before kindergarten entry, and its role in reducing reading disability, are discussed.

Field of study: Education
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression

This systematic review update evaluated low level laser therapy (LLLT) for adults with neck pain.  Computerized searches (root up to Feb 2012) included pain, function/disability, quality of life (QoL) and global perceived effect (GPE). GRADE, effect-sizes, heterogeneity and meta-regression were assessed.  Of 17 trials, 10 demonstrated high risk of bias. For chronic neck pain, there was moderate quality evidence (2 trials, 109 participants) supporting LLLT over placebo to improve pain/disability/QoL/GPE up to intermediate-term (IT). For acute radiculopathy, cervical osteoarthritis or acute neck pain, low quality evidence suggested LLLT improves ST pain/function/QoL over a placebo. For chronic myofascial neck pain (5 trials, 188 participants), evidence was conflicting; a meta-regression of heterogeneous trials suggests super-pulsed LLLT increases the chance of a successful pain outcome.  We found diverse evidence using LLLT for neck pain. LLLT may be beneficial for chronic neck pain/function/QoL. Larger long-term dosage trials are needed.

Field of study: Medicine
Operational behaviour and profit function for a bleaching and screening system in the paper industry

This paper discusses the bleaching and screening system (each having four subsystems) in the paper industry with three states: good, reduced and failed. The failure rate for each subsystem is constant while the repair rates are arbitrary. Mathematical formulation is carried out using the supplementary variable technique. The equations are solved using direct integration method. Expressions and graphs for steady state availability and mean time to system failure (MTSF) are given, depicting the effect of failure and repair rates. Profit analysis is also carried out.

Field of study: Engineering
Imagination and the puzzles of iteration

infinite regress it engenders: if A causing B (call it C) has a cause, D, then E, the causing of C by D, is itself an event, and has a cause, F, and so on ad infinitum. But it isn't the infinity of the chain that engenders misgivings; not every infinite regress is vicious. Rather, we cannot even countenance the first element. The question 'What caused the causing of B by A?' is nonsensical.  A cause the causing in addition to causing B? Or, to be more precise, does A cause B via the causing? Of course, the question 'What caused A?' ('Why did Jones pull the trigger?') is quite straightforward, but the reading we are now considering concerns the causing as distinct from the cause (and the effect). And this reading doesn't engender a coherent question.

Field of study: Philosophy
High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

We analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing photovoltaic cells, such as the mobility of charge carriers, the recombination coefficient and the recombination time. The influence of carriers from deep states on the mobility has been taken into account.

Field of study: Materials science
Leaf gas exchange and carbon isotope composition responses to drought in a drought‐avoiding (Pinus pinaster) and a drought‐tolerant (Quercus petraea) species under present and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations

The responses of predawn leaf water potential (Ψ wp ), leaf conductance to water vapour diffusion (g), CO 2 assimilation rate (A) and carbon isotope competition (δ 13 C) to a soil drying cycle were assessed in Pinus pinaster, a drought-avoiding species with high stomatal sensitivity to drought, and Quercus petraea, a drought-tolerant species with lower stomatal sensitivity to drought, under present (350 μmol mol -1 ) and elevated (700 μmol mol -1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ([CO 2 ]). In P. pinaster, decreasing A in response to drought was associated with increasing plant intrinsic water use efficiency (A/g) and with decreasing calculated intercellular [CO 2 ] (C i ), suggesting a stomatal limitation of A. In contrast, in Q. petraea, A/g declined and C i increased during the drying cycle, which suggests a non-stomatal origin for the decrease in A. In P. pinaster, a negative relationship was observed between the gas exchange-derived values of C i /C a and δ 13 C, which conforms to the classical two-step carbon isotope discrimination model. In Q. petraea, the relationship between C i /C a and δ 13 C was positive. Possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed. Lower g values were observed under elevated [CO 2 ] than under present [CO 2 ] in Q. petraea, whereas g was unaffected in P. pinaster. A stimulation of A by elevated [CO 2 ] was found in P. pinaster but not in Q. petraea. In both species, A/g was markedly higher under elevated than under present [CO 2 ]. Whether the differences in the g response to elevated [CO 2 ] found here can be generalized to other drought-avoiding and non-avoiding species remains to be assessed.

Field of study: Environmental science
An approach for characterization and purification of a human monoclonal hybridoma antibody.

An IgG human-human monoclonal hybridoma antibody, AML-19, reactive with human myeloid cells of non-malignant and malignant origin has been produced by fusion of blood mononuclear cells from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the human B-lymphoma cell line RH-L4. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) AML-19 was purified from hybridoma supernatant by primarily anion-exchange chromatography, in order to separate the AML-19 MAb from contaminating immunoglobulin (Ig), e.g. bovine Ig and MAb derived from the parental fusion partner, and followed by immunoaffinity chromatography. This purification method gave the highest yield and purity of the AML-19 MAb. The isoelectric point (pI) of the MAb was estimated to be 5. Inhibition assays indicate an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) corresponding to 4 x 10(-9) M and an affinity constant (Ka) to 2.5 x 10(8)M-1 to K562 erythroleukemia cells. Scatchard plot demonstrated a linear slope as a manifestation of monoclonality and a low number of AML-19 specific epitopes, estimated to 1500 per cell.

Field of study: Biology
Analysis on Finite Element Simulation of Laser Butt Welding for Stainless Steel Sheet

Based on the thermal-structure coupling function of ANSYS software, finite element analysis of laser butt welding for AISI202 stainless steel sheet was studied. In order to realize the dynamic simulation of temperature filed, gauss heat source model was adopted, and APDL language was used to compile program to apply moving heat source load. Finally, with the simulation of welding residual stress filed, distribution rules of residual stress were studied. The comparison analysis among the measured data and the numerical simulation value shows that they have good consistency.

Field of study: Materials science
A multi-service differentiation traffic management strategy in SDN cloud data center

The cloud computing technology makes services more diverse, and users have different needs for multi-service experience. The operator cloud data centers support more services and users, resulting in a rapid growth in traffic. Consequently, the traditional network architectures and technologies can no longer meet these traffic management requirements. To address this problem, this paper proposes a multi-service differentiated (MSD) traffic management strategy for the operator SDN cloud data center. The MSD traffic management rules and model are designed according to the operational requirements in cloud data centers. Fibonacci tree optimization algorithm (FTO) is improved for matching the MSD model to optimize the differentiated traffic management solutions. An operator SDN cloud data center test platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. The results show that the MSD-FTO strategy can obtain multiple differentiated traffic management schemes through one single optimization and it outperforms ECMP. In addition, it can properly manage the multi-service traffic and greatly improve the network performance and service experience in cloud data centers.

Field of study: Computer science
Long‐term culturing of plants with aseptic roots Determination of rape root exudates

A plant culture system allowing growth of aseptic roots has been designed. One version of the system comprises vessels developed for plant root-microorganism interaction studies in series. A second version has been built for measurements of different physiological parameters of the shoot and root system during growth periods of at least 2 months. The system was tested by determining soluble organic carbon glucose and sucrose in the root exudates of rape plants (Brassica napus L.) grown for 3 weeks in the culture system. The plants were cultivated with a sterile or a non-sterile root system, or with a root system infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

Field of study: Environmental science
Negro Slave Control and Resistance in Colonial Mexico, 1519-1650

NzEGRO resistance to enslavement was an integral feature of the history of African slavery in the Americas. Studies in the past few decades in the United States and Latin America have successfully refuted if not entirely erased the once accepted notions of Negro docility and acquieseence in slavery.' These works have provided a most convincing panorama of slave mutinies,insurrections, clandestine conspiracies, and individual escapes. Repeated evidence of more subtle forms of resistance-for example, suicide and voluntary abortion and infanticide-reveals further the determined refusal of many slaves to accept their position, and their reluctance to bear children in slavery.2 Such resistance occurred in varying degrees wherever Europeans established Negro slavery in the New World, primarily in the southern United States, the Antilles, the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Central and South America, and northeastern Brazil. Although most studies have been restricted to these regions, there is a considerable body of evidence to indicate that Negro slave resistance was also present in colonial Mexico. Recently, and primarily through the efforts of Gonzalo Aguirre Beltran, we have gained substantial information concerning the number and role of Africans in Mexico.3 It is now fairly certain that in

Field of study: History