nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Interpenetrating Conducting Elastomer Composite Thin Films from Polyaniline

The blending of conducting polyaniline (PANI) with elastomers (natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)) by a wet mixing process has been studied with the goal of fabricating flexible ultra thin conducting films. Good conductive properties were found for NR composite films with 30 wt% of HCl treated PANI and NBR composite films with 20 wt% of HCl treated PANI. There was a gradual decrease in surface resistivity with increasing PANI (HCl) concentration. The UV/VIS spectra indicated the presence of conjugated sequences of conducting polyaniline in the composite films. The FT-IR/ ATR results indicated the compatibility of HCl doped PANI with both NR and NBR and hence better mechanical properties, as indicated by an increase in the Young's modulus. Thus the conducting component acted simultaneously as reinforcement and conductive filler for both matrices. However the NBR composites became harder and more brittle with the increase in PANI concentration. The results have been correlated with swelling measurements confirming the formation of an interpenetrated network, which inhibits rubber solubilization. The method opens up a new technique for preparing stable conductive thin films of PANI using dopants such as HCl.

Field of study: Materials science
Kyk hoe lyk ons nou : bedryf

Boer is nie vir sissies nie! Jaco Pieters en sy vrou, Jennifer, boer naby Potchefstroom, en het 'n lang pad geloop om hul Jersey-kudde van 320 koeie in melk te vestig. Sy pa, Wessel Pieters, is ook nog by die boerdery betrokke. Benewens die koeie in melk het hulle 55 droe koeie, 25 verse en 80 jonger versies. Hulle handhaaf 'n stalgemiddeld van 20 liter per koei per dag met 'n bottervetinhoud van 5% en proteieninhoud van 3,8%, en lewer melk aan Bandini Kaas.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Atmospheric Optics Investigations on Mt. Elbrus

The paper considers some results of atmospheric optics investigations on Mt. Elbrus (in the Caucasus Mountains) carried out by the authors in 1960–1962. A short description of the automatic spectral apparatus for measuring global, scattered, and direct solar radiation in the visible and infrared spectral regions is given. The relation between the atmospheric water vapor content and the surface humidity is analyzed. Results of absolute measurements of solar radiation in the 3–13 μ spectral region are presented.

Field of study: Physics
Intraoperative cystography pre- and post-endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux: guaranteed success?

This study was designed to investigate whether post-endoscopic treatment (ET) intraoperative cystography is predictive of treatment outcome.



Patients diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and treated endoscopically with polyacrylate/polyalcohol copolymer or dextranomer hyaluronic acid were studied prospectively between August 2009 and April 2011. Slow infusion pre-ET cystography was performed under anesthesia. Post-ET cystography was performed only if the intraoperative pre-ET results demonstrated VUR.



Over a period of 20 months, 23 patients were studied (18 girls, five boys), with an average age of 41.9 months (range 13 months-11 years). Thirty-two renal units with reflux were treated: nine bilateral cases, seven right, and seven left. The distribution of reflux grades was as follows: two grade I, 10 grade II, 11 grade III, nine grade IV. All injected ureters demonstrated grade 0 hydrodistention after the procedure. Twelve of 23 of the pre-ET cystography results were negative for VUR, indicating that the sensitivity of this test is 47% compared with the preoperative voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) or nuclear cystogram. There were no procedure complications.



Of all patients (n = 23), nearly 60% did not demonstrate pre-ET VUR on intraoperative cystography. If a postoperative VCUG had been performed on all patients, more than half would have received unnecessary radiation. Therefore, this study demonstrates that post-ET cystography does not predict the success of ET of VUR intraoperative. Pre-ET cystography under general anesthesia before ureteral injection, has very low sensitivity, creating false-negatives that may complicate the interpretation of post-ET cystography. We suggest that intraoperative cystography before and after ET fails to show clinical utility and should not be used to predict the outcome of endoscopic VUR treatment.

Field of study: Medicine
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON VIBRATION TRANSMISSIBILITY OF THE CONICAL SHELL WITH COMPOSITE MATERIAL HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE

The vibration transmissibility of the conical shell with composite material honeycomb structure is investigated by modal experiment and vibration table experiment. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the experimental structure has a higher modal damping ratio, and can effectively control the vibration transmissibility in a broad bandwidth, which is the characteristic of vibration isolation system with high damping. The application of composite material reduces the weight of the whole system without sacrificing the dependability of structure.

Field of study: Engineering
C*-DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OF SOLVABLE LIE GROUPS

In this paper we develop a groupoid approach to some basic topological properties of dual spaces of solvable Lie groups using suitable dynamical systems related to the coadjoint action. One of our main results is that the coadjoint dynamical system of any exponential solvable Lie group is a piecewise pullback of group bundles. Our dynamical system approach to solvable Lie groups also allows us to construct some new examples of connected solvable Lie groups whose C*-algebras admit faithful irreducible representations.

Field of study: Mathematics
Diversity assessment of Colletotrichum species associated with chilli anthracnose and their characterization via species specific primers

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a major constraint for chilli production and storage throughout the globe. In the present study, diversity analysis and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with the disease was carried out. Anthracnose infected chilli samples were collected from major chilli growing areas of India and twenty five isolates were selected for species identification. Pathogenicity of all the isolates was confirmed on a susceptible variety K2. The morphological characters viz., colony colour, colony topography, conidial size and shape and size of setae revealed three morphotypes. In contrast to morphological grouping, RAPD based diversity analysis clustered all isolates into two main groups and seven sub-groups. Thereafter, five different species specific primers were employed to characterize different species of Colletotrichum, of which primers specific for C. capsici, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum yielded positive results. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequence information of specific region of representative isolates confirmed association of three species with chilli anthracnose. These results have important implications in deciphering species level relationship of Colletotrichum with anthracnose disease in chilli by combined application of species specific PCR assay and morphological character for their routine diagnosis.

Field of study: Biology
Labour, leisure and liminality: disciplinary work at play

Academics rank high among those groups of people who derive their sense of personal identity and meaning from their particular form of employment. Yet, part of what being a university academic means – and part of the satisfaction that academics obtain from their jobs – lies in being paid to engage in ‘absorbing play.’ This essay explores some ways in which concepts of work and play, labour and leisure, are at issue in the organisation, imagination and experience of professorial employment in general, and how, in particular, such concepts informed and were negotiated in the interdisciplinary space of the 2006‐7 Humanities Institute seminar at the University of Texas at Austin out of which the papers collected in this special issue emerged.

Field of study: Sociology
[Use of cluster analysis for the study of self-stigmatization phenomenon].

Cluster analysis was used in the study of self-stigmatization phenomenon measured with the original self-stigmatization questionnaire in 81 patients with schizophrenia, affective and neurotic disorders. The answers presented by digital codes were analyzed statistically. Six factors of self-stigmatization were as follows: "a victim of stigma", "deidentification from the healthy", "predisposition to identification with mentally ill", "avoidance of mentally ill", "excuse by mental illness" and "generalization of stigma".

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
CAMP@FLASH: an end-station for imaging, electron- and ion-spectroscopy, and pump–probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

Beamline BL1 at the FLASH free-electron laser facility at DESY was upgraded with new transport and focusing optics for the installation of the new permanent CAMP end-station, a multi-purpose instrument optimized for electron- and ion-spectroscopy, imaging and pump–probe experiments. An overview of the layout, beam transport, focusing capabilities, and experimental possibilities of this new end-station, as well as results from its commissioning and first experiments, are presented.

Field of study: Physics
Hot electron quasioptical NbN superconducting mixer

Hot electron superconductor mixer devices made of thin NbN films on SiO/sub 2/-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/-Si membrane have been fabricated for 300-350 GHz operation. The device consists of 5-10 parallel strips each 5 /spl mu/m long by 1 /spl mu/m wide which are coupled to a tapered slot-line antenna. The I-V characteristics and position of optimum bias point were studied in the temperature range 4.5-8 K. The performance of the mixer at higher temperatures is closer to that predicted by theory for uniform electron heating. The intermediate frequency bandwidth versus bias has also been investigated. At the operating temperature 4.2 K a bandwidth as wide as 0.8 GHz has been measured for a mixer made of 6 nm thick film. The bandwidth tends to increase with operating temperature. The performance of the NbN mixer is expected to be better for higher frequencies where the absorption of radiation should be more uniform.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Acoustooptic interaction in a diffused waveguide with a dielectric film

An analysis is made of the acoustooptic interaction in a layer structure comprising an optical diffused waveguide and a dielectric film having a refractive index higher than the maximum refractive index in the waveguide. It is shown that the deposition of a dielectric film increases the acoustooptic interaction coupling coefficient and shifts the maximum of its frequency dependence toward higher surface acoustic wave frequencies.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Effect of the IncP-1β plasmid pHB44 on the population dynamics of Burkholderia terrae BS001 in the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten mycosphere under different iron conditions.

Burkholderia terrae strain BS001 is a well-described inhabitant of the mycosphere of diverse fungi. In the interaction between this bacterium and its fungal host in soil, competition for iron might be a key process. Here, we address the capacity of the broad-host-range IncP-1β plasmid pHB44, originally isolated in Variovorax paradoxus HB44, to enhance or modulate the competitiveness of B. terrae BS001 under different soil iron levels when confronted with (young versus ageing) mycelia of Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten in microcosms. The data revealed that, in most cases, plasmid pHB44 reduced the fitness of its host in the mycosphere, possibly due to a metabolic burden effect. However, an opposite effect was found under low-iron conditions at the extreme tips of the soil-exploring Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten mycelium. The negative effect of plasmid pHB44 on strain BS001 population sizes was clearly offset by fitness enhancement under these conditions. Moreover, as evidenced by using plasmid pSUP104 as a tracer, plasmid pHB44 was transferred from the B. terrae BS001 host into V. paradoxus BS64 in the ageing mycosphere, but not in bulk soil. Strikingly, successful plasmid establishment in the new host was more prominent in the iron-limited than in the 'high-iron' mycosphere habitat, indicating plasmid pHB44 was required in the V. paradoxus host as a fitness stimulator in the iron-limited condition. Taken together, the data suggest that efficiency of iron acquisition only served as the selective mechanism under certain conditions of iron availability in the soil, specifically promoting the fitness of V. paradoxus transconjugants. Not only is the mycosphere to be regarded as a selective arena in which horizontal gene transfer across the bacterial inhabitants is spurred, but the outcome of the adaptive processes is strongly shaped by competitive events among the local organisms.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Integration of COCORP deep reflection and magnetic anomaly analysis in the Southeastern United States; implications for origin of the Brunswick and East Coast magnetic anomalies

Integration of magnetic anomaly analysis with COCORP deep reflection data from the southeastern United States provides three new constraints on the interpretation of the Brunswick and East Coast magnetic anomalies, as well as on the reflection data. These are as follows. (1) The source of the Brunswick anomaly lies within the deep crust. This anomaly is not caused by a Mesozoic rift basin, as proposed by some workers. (2) A simple, seaward-dipping, high- susceptibility slab model can explain both the Brunswick and East Coast magnetic anomalies. The along-strike change in character of the two anomalies results largely from a change in azimuth of the source body. (3) Beneath the southeastern United States, this source body dips south, lies immediately on the south flank of the prominent southward-dipping reflective zone revealed on COCORP surveys, and was previously associated with the Alleghanian suture between North America and Africa. These results imply that a dipping, highly magnetized zone in the upper plate of the Alleghanian suture is responsible for both the Brunswick and East Coast magnetic anomalies. The high- susceptibility material responsible for these anomalies might be mafic lower continental or oceanic crust thrust upward during Alleghanian continental collision, or mafic igneous material intruded into the upper plate of the suture zone during subsequent Mesozoic rifting, or both. The latter hypothesis implies that the Alleghanian suture acted, as a zone of weakness (a repository ?) which was reactivated to control the site of ultimate Atlantic rifting and possibly initial sea-floor spreading.

Field of study: Geology
Analysis, Synthesis, and the Treasuring of the Old

The author favors a laissez-faire, "circus tent" approach to theory building and testing. Accordingly; he believes that analysis and synthesis are each of great importance in the development of theory -and would not suggest that scholars focus on one or the other. Unfortunately; there are serious problems in the research process in social psychology that hinder synthesis. These include a slavish fascination with "fashion, " which results in a tendency to neglect solid research and interesting theories simply because they are more than 10 years old. Unless this tendency is corrected, advances will continue to be disjointed. Reasons for this state of affairs are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
"Killer B" Crackdown Finalized

The IRS issued new final regulations on cross-border reverse triangular reorganizations, popularly known as "Killer B" transactions (TD 9526). The regulations finalize with some modifications proposed regulations that were issued in 2008 (REG-136020-07). Previously, in Notices 2006-85 and 2007-48, the Service had said new rules were needed to thwart the transactions, which are designed to allow corporations to repatriate foreign subsidiary earnings tax-free, in violation of IRC [section] 367. In such a transaction, a subsidiary purchases, in connection with the reorganization, stock of its parent corporation in exchange for property, and exchanges the parent company stock for the stock or property of a target corporation. The final regulations apply to such transactions, but only if the parent or the subsidiary (or both) is a foreign corporation. Section 367(a)(1) provides a general rule under which, if a U.S. person transfers property to a foreign corporation in any of several types of reorganization exchanges, the foreign corporation is not considered to be a corporation for the purpose of recognizing gain on the transfer. The proposed regulations included a priority rule that applies to certain transactions described in section 367(a)(1) and the proposed regulations. Under the priority rule, if the amount of gain in the target stock that would otherwise be recognized under section 367(a)(1) (absent an exception) is less than the adjustment treated as a dividend under the proposed regulations, then the proposed regulations, and not section 367(a)(1), apply to the triangular reorganization. To address a commenter's concern that the priority rule did not take into account the amount of resulting U.S. tax, the IRS modified the scope of the 2008 regulations in the final regulations to exclude their application in additional situations and modified the 2008 regulations' priority rule under Treas. Reg. [section] 1.367(a)-3(a)(2)(iv) and added a separate priority rule under 1.367(b)-10(a)(2)(iii). The final regulations modify the scope of the 2008 regulations to include the acquisition by the subsidiary, in exchange for property, of parent securities that are used to acquire the stock, securities or property of the target in the triangular reorganization, but only to the extent the parent securities are treated by the target's shareholders or security holders as "other property" under section 356(d). …

Field of study: Business
Coherent crystallization of bismuth under strong excitation by ultrashort laser pulses

By means of coherent control, fully symmetric bismuth phonons A1og are investigated at helium temperature depending on the degree of crystal excitation. It is shown that coherent phonons with large amplitude show phase rigidity that is absent at small amplitude. Such a change in the phase properties of crystal lattice excitations can be understood using the concept of a coherent crystal, the achievement of which results from condensation of phonon modes arising with increasing degree of excitation.

Field of study: Physics
Zone and Drip Cooling Comparisons for Lactating Swine

Acomparison of drip cooling, zone cooling, and conventional ventilation was performed on lactating swine. Overall, the cooling systems did not significantly improve swine performance (i.e. sow weight loss, piglet survival, piglet weight gain, etc.). Based on this 2-year study and solely swine performance, neither drip cooling nor zone cooling systems should be installed in areas with climatic conditions similar to eastern South Dakota. However, the drip and zone systems highly significantly lowered sow respiration rates by 40 and 28%, respectively, when compared to the respiration rtaes of sows from a conventionally ventilated room. Older sows consumed 10% more feed than younger sows. Older sows returned to estrus after weaning approximately 2 days sooner than younger sows.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Creating a Third World: Mexico, Cuba, and the United States during the Castro Era (review)

While the vast bibliography contained in this study certainly points to a new zenith in the study of Spanish American cities, most of the "new" works date only to the 1990s, and many are articles rather than monographs. As Lucena Giraldo rightfully points out, the urbanization process that took place in the New World between 1492 and 1810 was enormous and, as Richard Morse once noted, Spanish colonization in the New World created a vast system of administration, justice, and evangelization cemented in a complex urban base. This volume has an invaluable bibliography and will appeal to those interested not only in the history of cities in Spanish America, but also general processes of urbanization and empire building.

Field of study: History
Well-Being and the Extent of Its Realisation in Poor Countries

Two aspects of persons have alternatingly dominated the thinking of social philosophers over the centuries, each true in itself, but each quite incomplete without the other. One sees us capable of deliberation, having the potential capacity to do things. It details agency, choice, independence and selfdetermination, and thereby that aspect of our selves which fashions projects and pursues goals. The other views us as seats of utility or satisfaction; as loci of possible states of mind, attained by the extent to which desires are fulfilled, by the activities that are undertaken and the relationships enjoyed. If one vision sees us doing things, the other sees us residing in states of being. Where the former leads one to the language of freedom and rights, the latter directs one to a concern with welfare and happiness. These are related aspects of course, in fact so closely related that they have often been conflated into one without having caused any obvious damage. Consider for example that people often appeal to a category of socio-economic rights (that is, rights to certain scarce resources) when advocating policies which have an impact on the extent of absolute poverty in a society. Now, it is possible to use instead some notion of aggregate welfare and reach similar conclusions. We may, for instance, be considering the desirability of a nutrition-guarantee scheme. We could advocate it by invoking persons' wellbeing interests, such as certain types of positive rights.  We could also commend it on grounds of aggregate utility. We could do this by noting first that nutrition intake is a determinant of individual welfare, that at low levels of intake it is a critical determinant, and that in the absence of such a scheme a sizeable fraction of the population would be vulnerable to food deprivation. We could thus argue that the level of aggregate welfare which

Field of study: Economics