nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Serpentinization of Vermont Ultrabasics

Ultrabasic intrusives have been problem rocks for many years, but, of late, interest has centered around the later changes that have taken place in these rock masses. The chief item is the autometamorphic or exometamorphic origin of the serpentine derived from them; in other words, the question is, did the solutions producing change come from outside the masses themselves or were they indigenous to the original magmas?  The Vermont ultrabasics are a series, exposed under conditions peculiarly favorable for study.1 Some of the best exposures are in verde antique marble quarries, where structural detail of the stone shows to advantage on the walls. Mapping of practically all similar intrusives, in a belt extending from the asbestos district of Quebec southward into Massachusetts, has been done on an extremely detailed scale, and surface exploration was supplemented by diamond drilling on many of the serpentine bodies. . . .

Field of study: Geology
Relationship between sleep quality and health risk behaviors in undergraduate college students

The Sleep Quality Index (SQI) and the Centers for Disease Control's National College Health Risk Survey (NCHRS) were administered to 859 undergraduates at a large southeastern university. Results indicated that 76.6% reported occasional sleep problems and 11.8% experienced poor sleep quality. Among the problems reported, "general morning tiredness" (82%) and "insomnia" (28%) were the most common. Certain health risk behaviors appear to be associated with poor sleep quality including fighting, suicide ideation, smoking, and alcohol use. Implications and limitations of the study are identified.  Recently, the impact of insufficient sleep has been identified as a significant public health challenge in the United States. It is currently estimated that 10% of the American population experience chronic insomnia and more than one-quarter report occasionally not getting enough sleep. Insufficient sleep has been linked to a number of chronic disease states and has been identified as a significant contributor to both occupational and traffic accidents.  In a more general context, sleep length has been shown to be related to life satisfaction (Kelly, 2004) and sleep quality to several measures of health and well being (Pilcher & Ott, 1998). Sleep is interrelated to each of these issues and it has been found to be amendable to successful interventions (Buboltz, et al. …

Field of study: Education
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and the pathogenesis of Gaucher's disease: increased release of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10.

Gaucher's disease is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, bone-marrow infiltration, osteonecrosis and bone thinning, associated with the presence of pathological macrophages that contain undegraded glycosphingolipids. To investigate the possible role of cytokines in the systemic and local manifestations of established Gaucher's disease, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured in freshly-separated serum. Samples from eight male and 14 female patients with type 1 Gaucher's disease were compared with sera from 22 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in sera from patients with Gaucher's disease (11.9 +/- 1.8 (SEM) pg/ml and 5.4 +/- 0.5 (SEM) pg/ml, respectively) compared with those of controls (4.1 +/- 0.9 (SEM) and 0.8 +/- 0.3 (SEM) pg/ml, p < 0.0001). No significant differences in concentrations of TNF alpha or IL-1 beta were identified. IL-6 has been implicated in the development of localized osteolysis in multiple myeloma and in the development of post-menopausal osteoporosis. High concentrations of IL-6 in the serum of patients with Gaucher's disease may thus reflect the development of the bone lesions commonly associated with this disorder. Since IL-6 and IL-10 are important regulators of lymphocyte growth and differentiation, and IL-6 concentrations were significantly raised in patients with oligo- or polyclonal increases in serum immunoglobulins, enhanced release of these cytokines from pathological macrophages provides a pathological link between Gaucher's disease and associated lympho-proliferative disorders.

Field of study: Medicine
Dissociation experiment of methane hydrate

The effects of temperature and hydrate quantity on the dissociation kinetics of methane hydrate were studied in a 10 L quiescent reactor.A self-preservation phenomenon of methane hydrates was observed at a temperature below 273.15 K,and the dissociation rate was the least at 268.05 K during the experimental runs.The experimental results indicated that the pressure of the storage and transportation system depended on the hydrate quantity in the vessel.When the volume of the vessel was constant,the pressure of the system increased but dissociation percentage of the hydrate decreased with increasing hydrate quantity.The experimental results were useful for gas storage in the form of methane hydrate in large-scale industrial application.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Identification of Specific Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Prostate Cancer in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men and can be lethal, especially if left untreated. A substantial majority of PCa patients not only are diagnosed based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies, but their treatment choices are also largely driven by the pathological findings obtained with these FNA specimens. It is widely believed that lncRNAs have strong biological significance, but their specific functions and regulatory networks have not been elucidated. LncRNAs may serve as key players and regulators of PCa carcinogenesis and could be novel biomarkers of this cancer. To identify potential markers for early detection of PCa, in this study, we employed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DelncRNAs) in PCa tissue and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis to validate these DelncRNAs in FNA biopsies. We demonstrated that a total of 451 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in four pairs of PCa/adjacent tissues, and upregulation of the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1, RP11-423H2.3, and LAMTOR5-AS1 was confirmed in FNA biopsies of PCa by qRT-PCR and was consistent with the ceRNA array data. The association between the expression of the lncRNA LAMTOR5-AS1 and aggressive cancer was also investigated. Regulatory network analysis of DelncRNAs showed that the lncRNAs RP11-33A14.1 and RP11-423H2.3 targeted miR-7, miR-24-3p, and miR-30 and interacted with the RNA binding protein FUS. Knockdown of these DelncRNAs in PCa cells also demonstrated the effects of RP11-423H2.3 on miR-7/miR-24/miR-30 or LAMTOR5-AS1 on miR-942-5p/miR-542-3p via direct interaction. The results of these studies indicate that these three specific lncRNA signatures and regulatory networks might serve as risk prediction and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer, even in biopsies obtained by FNA.

Field of study: Biology
Ballistic transport and boundary scattering in InSb/In1-xAlxSb mesoscopic devices

We describe the influence of hard-wall confinement and lateral dimension on the low-temperature transport properties of long diffusive channels and ballistic crosses fabricated in an InSb/In1-xAlxSb heterostructure. Partially diffuse boundary scattering is found to play a crucial role in the electron dynamics of ballistic crosses and substantially enhance the negative bend resistance. Experimental observations are supported by simulations using a classical billiard ball model for which good agreement is found when diffuse boundary scattering is included.

Field of study: Physics
Negotiating identities through multilingual writing: Local school policy that opens up spaces for students’ diverse languages

This article draws on the case of the writing of one boy in grade four and five, to examine multilingual school policy in the classroom, in the form of attitudes and practices, which support students’ identities by affirming their diverse languages and offering spaces for identity negotiation. The case of Jirka negotiating different identities through the writing process, shows the resources that students’ diverse backgrounds constitute, particularly the multilingual resources they bring to school. It is argued that teachers can actively choose to challenge coercive power relations by supporting students’ diversity through the inclusion of diverse language resources, which is particularly important for students who are at risk of being exposed to marginalization or stigmatization. By investing in writing about their identities Jirka and his classmates engaged in developing their minds, in collaboration with peers and teachers, in classrooms that were open for students’ experiences, including their diverse linguistic repertoires.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
"We don't have the infrastructure to support them at home": How health system inadequacies impact on long-term care admissions of people with dementia.

The influence of healthcare system factors on long-term care admissions has received relatively little attention. We address this by examining how inadequacies in the healthcare system impact on long-term care admissions of people with dementia. This is done in the context of the Irish healthcare system.



Thirty-eight qualitative in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals and family carers were conducted. Interviews focused on participants' perceptions of the main factors which influence admission to long-term care. Interviews were analysed thematically.



The findings suggest that long-term care admissions of people with dementia may be affected by inadequacies in the healthcare system in three ways. Firstly, participants regarded the economic crisis in Ireland to have exacerbated the under-resourcing of community care services. These services were also reported to be inequitable. Consequently, the effectiveness of community care was seen to be limited. Secondly, such limits in community care appear to increase acute hospital admissions. Finally, admission of people with dementia to acute hospitals was believed to accelerate the journey towards long-term care.



Inadequacies in the healthcare system are reported to have a substantial impact on the threshold for long-term care admissions. The findings indicate that we cannot fully understand the factors that predict long-term care admission of people with dementia without accounting for healthcare system factors on the continuation of homecare.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
The Moderating Role of Personal Relevance on Differential Priming of Anxiety and Sadness on Perceived Travel Risk: A Replication

Raghunathan and Pham conducted a pioneer study in 1999 on the motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making and indicated that anxiety would motivate individuals to be risk averse, whereas sadness would motivate individuals to be risk taking. A replication study was employed in the domain of perceived travel risk. Compared to participants in a neutral mood, anxious participants showed higher perceived travel risk than sad participants. Moreover, the differential effect of anxiety and sadness on perceived travel risk was only pronounced under the high personal relevance condition, in which participants made personal decisions and expected that they would be affected by the outcomes. In general, the results extend the notion proposed by Raghunathan and Pham suggesting that travelers' implicit goals primed by anxiety or sadness used for mood-repair purposes appear to be moderated by personal relevance.

Field of study: Psychology
Estimating the DOA and the Polarization of a Polynomial-Phase Signal Using a Single Polarized Vector-Sensor

This paper introduces a novel algorithm to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and the polarization of a completely-polarized polynomial-phase signal of an arbitrary degree. The algorithm utilizes a polarized vector-sensor, comprising a spatially collocated six-component electromagnetic vector-sensor, a dipole triad, or a loop triad. This ESPRIT-based algorithm is based on a time-invariant matrix-pencil pair, derived from the time-delayed data-sets collected by a single polarized vector-sensor. The high-order difference-function of the signal's phase constructs the invariant-factor used in the ESPRIT algorithm. The steering vector is estimated from the signal-subspace eigenvector of the data-correlation matrix, following which the closed-form DOA and polarization can be obtained. Given the degree of the polynomial-phase signal, this approach resolves the two-dimensional azimuth-elevation angle and the polarization of the source, and requires neither a priori knowledge of the polynomial-phase signal's coefficients nor a priori knowledge of the polynomial-phase signal's frequency-spectrum. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Estimation accuracies of the DOA and the polarization parameters are evaluated by the closed-form Cramér-Rao bounds, which are independent of the polynomial coefficients, the degree of the polynomial-phase signal, and the azimuth-angle of the source.

Field of study: Engineering
Machine Learning meets Data-Driven Journalism: Boosting International Understanding and Transparency in News Coverage

Migration crisis, climate change or tax havens: Global challenges need global solutions. But agreeing on a joint approach is difficult without a common ground for discussion. Public spheres are highly segmented because news are mainly produced and received on a national level. Gain- ing a global view on international debates about important issues is hindered by the enormous quantity of news and by language barriers. Media analysis usually focuses only on qualitative re- search. In this position statement, we argue that it is imperative to pool methods from machine learning, journalism studies and statistics to help bridging the segmented data of the international public sphere, using the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) as a case study.

Field of study: Computer science
Characteristics of pigment from the skin of Ligustrum lucidum

The objective is to measure and analysis the stability and antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of the pigment which is extracted from the skin of Ligustrum lucidum.The experiment results demonstrate that this kind of pigment is stable under acidic conditions 80 ℃ and poor light.The pigment has strong reduction and is able to effectively scavenge hydroxyl radical and superanion radical in vitro.Moreover,its scavenging effect has positive correlation with the concentration of pigment.When the pigment is at the concentration of 0.32 mg/mL,the hydroxyl radical and superanion radical eradication rates are 67.0% and 50.7%.The antibacterial effect of pigment was different on three tested strains,in turn,Bacillus subtilis,Staphyloccus aureus,E.coli.The higher the concentration was,the stronger the antibacterial was.In conclusion,the pigment is relatively stable and the pigment has strong antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Hydrodynamics in inner airlift reactor with external liquid circulation

The profiles of gas holdup and bubble velocity depending on superficial gas velocity were investigated in an inner airlift reactor with a down tube and an annulus gas distributor.The experimental set-up was made of plexiglass with an inner diameter of 0.286 m and a height of 3.0 m.Air and tap water were used as gas and liquid phases,respectively.The results showed that the gas holdup increased with increasing superficial gas velocity within both inner and outer loops.The gas holdup in the inner loop,however,was much higher than that in the outer loop.The bubbles entering the inner loop from the outer loop could be neglected in the ranges of the operating conditions.When an annulus gas distributor and a down tube were installed in the conventional airlift reactor,the gas holdup increased and its distribution became uniform,which enhanced the interfacial area between gas and liquid phases and the turbulent intensity of multiphase flow.Therefore,the interphase transfer would be improved in the inner loop.Then,the profiles of gas holdup and bubble velocity were simulated by using the Euler-Euler model in the platform of ANSYS CFX10.0 software package and fair agreement between numerical and experimental data was obtained.These results implied that the CFD simulation based on the Euler-Euler model,accompanied with experimental measurement,could be used to develop and scale up this new kind of loop reactor.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Discovery and structural optimization of 4-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as RORc inverse agonists

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptors (RORs) are orphan nuclear receptors that show constitutive activity in the absence of ligands. Among 3 subtypes of RORs, RORc is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. Here, we report novel RORc inverse agonists discovered through structure-based drug design.Based on the structure of compound 8, a previously described agonist of RORa, a series of 4-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. The interaction between the compounds and RORc was detected at molecular level using AlphaScreen assay. The compounds were further examined in 293T cells transfected with RORc and luciferase reporter gene. Thermal stability shift assay was used to evaluate the effects of the compounds on protein stability.A total of 27 derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, the compound 22b was identified as the most potent RORc inverse agonist. Its IC50 values were 2.39 μmol/L in AlphaScreen assay, and 0.82 μmol/L in inhibition of the cell-based luciferase reporter activity. Furthermore, the compound 22b displayed a 120-fold selectivity for RORc over other nuclear receptors. Moreover, a molecular docking study showed that the structure-activity relationship was consistent with the binding mode of compound 22b in RORc.Conclusion:4-(4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives are promising candidates for the treatment of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Congestion-aware channel assignment for multi-channel wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we propose a distributed congestion-aware channel assignment (DCACA) algorithm for multi-channel wireless mesh networks (MC-WMNs). The frequency channels are assigned according to the congestion measures which indicate the congestion status at each link. Depending on the selected congestion measure (e.g., queueing delay, packet loss probability, and differential backlog), various design objectives can be achieved. Our proposed distributed algorithm is simple to implement as it only requires each node to perform a local search. Unlike most of the previous channel assignment schemes, our proposed algorithm assigns not only the non-overlapped (i.e., orthogonal) frequency channels, but also the partially-overlapped channels. In this regard, we introduce the channel overlapping and mutual interference matrices which model the frequency overlapping among different channels. Simulation results show that in the presence of elastic traffic (e.g., TCP Vegas or TCP Reno) sources, our proposed DCACA algorithm increases the aggregate throughput and also decreases the average packet round-trip compared with the previously proposed Load-Aware channel assignment algorithm. Furthermore, in a congested IEEE 802.11b network setting, compared with the use of three non-overlapped channels, the aggregate network throughput can further be increased by 25% and the average round-trip time can be reduced by more than one half when all the 11 partially-overlapped channels are used.

Field of study: Computer science
A Berry-Esseen Type Bound of Wavelet Estimator Under Linear Process Errors Based on a Strong Mixing Sequence

Consider the nonparametric regression model Y ni = g(t ni ) + ϵ ni , 1 ≤ i ≤ n, where {t ni } are known design points, and the errors {ϵ ni } have a linear representation with and {e t , − ∞ <t < ∞} are strong mixing random variables. g(·) is an unknown function defined on closed interval [0,1], which is estimated by a linear wavelet estimator . The main result of this article is that of providing, under certain regularity conditions, a Berry-Esseen boundary for the linear wavelet estimator , and the Berry-Esseen bound can attain O(n −1/6).

Field of study: Mathematics
Amino Anthraquinone: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Application as an Active Material in Environmental Sensors

This work reports synthesis, thin film characterizations, and study of an organic semiconductor 2-aminoanthraquinone (AAq) for humidity and temperature sensing applications. The morphological and phase studies of AAq thin films are carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To study the sensing properties of AAq, a surface type Au/AAq/Au sensor is fabricated by thermally depositing a 60 nm layer of AAq at a pressure of ~10−5 mbar on a pre-patterned gold (Au) electrodes with inter-electrode gap of 45 µm. To measure sensing capability of the Au/AAq/Au device, the variations in its capacitance and resistance are studied as a function of humidity and temperature. The Au/AAq/Au device measures and exhibits a linear change in capacitance and resistance when relative humidity (%RH) and temperature are varied. The AAq is a hydrophobic material which makes it one of the best candidates to be used as an active material in humidity sensors; on the other hand, its high melting point (575 K) is another appealing property that enables it for its potential applications in temperature sensors.

Field of study: Materials science
Ultrafast photoexcited quasiparticle dynamics in YBCO films observed by THz emission

We observed a femtosecond time-transient nonequilibrium state in optically excited YBCO thin films for the first time. Ultrashort electromagnetic pulses were radiated from the films by an ultrafast supercurrent modulation with fs laser pulse irradiation. Quasiparticle dynamics was characterized by the analysis of the emission waveforms based on Rothwarf-Taylor rate equations.

Field of study: Physics
Characteristics of and inspirations from American middle school sports competitions.

The American middle school completion system is characterized by complete organization and management systems, scientific competition methods, various event settings, an ever increasing degree of participation, rational competition season arrangements etc. By learning from the American middle school completion system and analyzing the current situation of school sports competitions in China, the authors put forward that middle schools in China should value the functions of sports competitions, establish a people oriented sports competition organization conception, and build popularized, routinized competition modes.

Field of study: Education