nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the strength of implicit alcohol associations correlated with alcohol-induced heart-rate acceleration?

Heart rate (HR) acceleration during the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve has proven to be a reliable measure of the sensitivity to the activating effects of alcohol. In this study, we investigated the correlation between an ethanol-induced cardiac change and the strength of implicit alcohol-related arousal and approach associations and attentional bias for alcohol-related stimuli in heavy drinkers. These 3 types of implicit alcohol-related cognitions have been proposed to reflect the strength of incentive sensitization that is experienced after repeated alcohol use.



Forty-eight heavy drinking men performed a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure their implicit alcohol arousal and approach-avoidance associations.  Next, a high dose of alcohol (1.0 mL/kg body weight 95% USP alcohol) was administered in a short period of time. Resting baseline HR, blood alcohol concentrations, mood, and craving for alcohol were assessed before alcohol administration and for 2 hours post-alcohol consumption.



Contrary to our hypothesis, a negative association was found between implicit arousal associations and alcohol-induced HR change. This indicates that strong arousal associations were correlated with a decrease in alcohol-induced HR. Approach associations and attentional bias were not correlated with alcohol-induced HR change, but both were correlated positively with each other.



Alcohol-arousal associations and other implicit cognitions (attentional bias, approach associations) are not positively related to individual differences in the sensitivity to alcohol's activating effects, at least not in the present sample consisting primarily of family history-negative heavy drinkers.

Field of study: Medicine
Conjugation and optoelectronic properties of acetylenic scaffolds and charge-transfer chromophores

Our group started a research program in acetylene chemistry in 1987; since then, an intense research effort led to a fascinating journey into acetylenic scaffolding, aimed at exploring conjugative and optoelectronic properties of acetylenic chromophores. This journey included the generation of a unique molecular construction kit for acetylenic scaffolding, consisting of (E)-1,2-diethynylethenes [DEEs, (E)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diynes], tetraethynylethenes (TEEs, 3,4-diethynylhex-3-ene-1,5-diynes), chiral 1,3-diethynylallenes (DEAs, hepta-3,4-diene-1,6-diynes), 1,4-di and 1,1,4,4-tetraethynylbutatrienes, chiral trialkynylmethanes, and 1,1,2,2-tetraethynylethanes. These building modules were subsequently applied to the synthesis of carbon-rich architectures extending into one, two, and three dimensions. They include multinanometer-long monodisperse oligomers as models for infinite acetylenic polymers, molecular switches, perethynylated dehydroannulenes, expanded radialenes, and radiaannulenes, and an octamethoxy-substituted expanded cubane with a central C56 core. Donor-substituted cyanoethynylethenes (CEEs) and 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) were introduced as new push-pull chromophores featuring intense intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) interactions. Dendritic multivalent CT chromophores were constructed using atom-economic, "click"-like reactions, and these systems were shown to behave as "molecular batteries", featuring exceptional electron uptake and storage capacity. The research finally led to the development of an unprecedented cascade reaction for the preparation of dendritic and oligomeric donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules. New [AB]-type oligomers become accessible in domino reactions involving repetitive sequences of [2+2] cycloadditions of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) to polyynes, followed by retro-electrocyclizations.

Field of study: Chemistry
Level of Discipline among University Academic Staff as a Correlate of University Development in Nigeria

This study entitled “Level of Discipline Among University Academic Staff as a Correlate of University Development in Nigeria” adopted the correlation design with a population of 2,301 academic staff purposively selected from four Universities in the North-Central Geo-Political zone of Nigeria. The Stratified Random Sampling Method was used to select 287 and 289 senior and junior academic staff respectively (giving a total of total 576). A four-point scale rating Discipline Inventory Questionnaire was used to collect data. Mean scores, Standard Deviations and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) were used in answering the research questions while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) and t-test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there is low level of discipline among the academic staff of Nigerian universities; a positive relationship exists between level of discipline among university academic staff and level of development of the universities; academic staff in universities located in urban areas had a higher level of discipline than their counterparts in universities located in the rural areas; and that junior academics have better level of discipline than their senior counterparts. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that the government should ensure that the teaching of moral education be intensified at the University level.  Discipline, Academic Staff, University Development And  Nigeria

Field of study: Education
Molecular complementarity between tetracycline and the GTPase active site of elongation factor Tu.

Two crystal forms of a complex between trypsin-modified elongation factor Tu-MgGDP from Escherichia coli and the antibiotic tetracycline have been solved by X-ray diffraction analysis to resolutions of 2.8 and 2.1 A, respectively. In the P2(1) form, cocrystals were grown from a solution mixture of the protein and tetracycline. Six copies of the trypsin-modified EF-Tu-MgGDP-tetracycline complex are arranged as three sets of dimers in the asymmetric unit. In the second crystal form, tetracycline was diffused into P4(3)2(1)2 crystals, resulting in a monomeric complex in the asymmetric unit. Atomic coordinates have been refined to crystallographic R factors of 18.0% for the P2(1) form and 20.0% for the P4(3)2(1)2 form. In both complexes, tetracycline makes significant interactions with the GTPase active site of EF-Tu. The phenoldiketone moiety of tetracycline interacts directly with the Mg(2+), the alpha-phosphate group of GDP and two amino acids, Thr25 and Asp80, which are conserved in the GX(4)GKS/T and DX(2)G sequence motifs found in all GTPases and many ATPases. The molecular complementarity, previously unrecognized between invariant groups present in all GTPase/ATPases and the active moiety of tetracycline, may have wide-ranging implications for all drugs containing the phenoldiketone moiety as well as for the design of new compounds targeted against a broad range of GTPases or ATPases.

Field of study: Chemistry
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Education University in a Knowledge-Based Economy

This article analyzes one of the basic elements in building a society based on knowledge - education. But we do the analysis only to a part of it - education, because for the knowledge society is this compartment has a higher valence. Higher education is the driving force of society based on knowledge and has a big influence for Moldova in creation of a society in which the stock of knowledge must occupy an important place in the economy. This problem is strongly influenced by the migration process which, in this particular case, has a negative impact. In this research, we focus on the ability to assess the system of university education with basic statistical indicators. The system of indicators used will allow: the analysis of the human resources of the University Education system; financial resources as an investment in getting a quality education; participation and management education and the internal efficiency of the education system. Also we calculate performance indicators that will enable us to calculate the effectiveness of university education in the Republic of Moldova.  10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p53

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Li-7 NMR study of milling effects on instability of lithium-sites in lithium substituted silver niobate

Site occupation and structural change in Li substituted AgNbO 3 were probed by 7 Li NMR. Characteristic changes in the 7 Li NMR spectra depending on Li content were observed. Analysis of integrated intensity of the spectra revealed that 16% of substituted Li + ions occupy quasi-stable sites induced in crystal structure at 300 K in the 5 mol% Li substituted sample and would be in the state of motion, which are comparable to that of Li + ion in LiNbO 3 at high temperature. On the other hand, it was found that the Li + /Ag + sublattice in the 12.5 mol% Li substituted sample is easily made unstable by structural disturbance introduced in structure and the instability of the sublattice stimulates a local Li + ion motion via quasi-stable sites at room temperature. An appearance of the quasi-stable sites in local structure due to the Li substitution is closely related to instability of the Li/Ag sublattice and Li + ion dynamics in Li substituted AgNbO 3 .

Field of study: Materials science
Impact of nephrectomy on long-term renal function in non-syndromic children treated for unifocal Wilms tumor.

The present study is designed to assess the long-term renal function of children who underwent radical nephrectomy for unifocal Wilms tumor.



A single institution retrospective cohort study of non-syndromic children treated with radical nephrectomy for unifocal Wilms tumor between 1995 and 2011 was performed to identify risk factors for decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The primary endpoint was decrease in age-adjusted GFR below normal published ranges. The secondary endpoint was progression to chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).



A total of 55 patients were identified in the cohort. Eight (15%) patients exhibited decreased age-adjusted GFR during the follow-up period, with 2 (4%) progressing to CRI. Increasing time between surgery and the last known GFR follow-up was associated with decreased GFR, with the normal GFR group having median follow-up of 7.32 years versus 11.47 years (p = 0.019) in the decreased GFR group.



A trend toward decline in GFR was detected with longer follow-up. Longer follow-up may reveal that clinically significant decline in renal function occurs years following nephrectomy among a subset of Wilms tumor survivors, even among those who do not progress to end stage renal disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Some Specific Characteristics of Turbulence in the Reactive Wakes of Bluff Bodies

The results of a detailed experimental analysis of the flows associated with bluff-body stabilized premixed combustion are presented. The experimental setup has been designed to facilitate as much as possible the test of numerical predictions of such a flow geometry. The boundary conditions are well defined and easy to reproduce from a numerical point of view. The results reported here are based principally on velocity measurements using a four-beam two-color laser Doppler velocimeter. A complete restructuring of the instantaneous flow structure induced by dramatic changes of the large-scale motion properties is observed when combustion is developing in the wake. The reacting wakes are characterized by the absence of the vortex shedding observed in inert wakes, but depending on the equivalence ratio of the incoming mixture, a longitudinal pulsation associated with the symmetric flapping of the flame fronts anchored at the flame holder edges can be observed

Field of study: Physics
Genetic predisposition to organ-specific endpoints of alcoholism.

Medical records of the 15,924 twin-pairs in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) twin registry were collected for an additional 16 years through 1994 when the surviving twins were aged 67 to 77 years. Compared with earlier analyses (Hrubec, Z, and Omenn, G. S., ), when subjects were aged 51 to 61, there were 23% more diagnoses of alcoholism (34.4 per 1,000 prevalence), 32% more diagnoses of alcoholic psychosis (5.4 per 1,000), and 25% more twins with liver cirrhosis (17.7 per 1,000). Overall, 5.3% of the cohort had at least one of the diagnoses related to alcoholism. Probandwise concordance rates (%) were: alcoholism-26.7 monozygotic (MZ), 12.2 dizygotic (DZ) (p < 0.0001); alcoholic psychosis-17.3 MZ, 4.8 DZ (p < 0.05); and cirrhosis-16.9 MZ, 5.3 DZ (p < 0.001). Concordance for any diagnosis related to alcoholism was 30.2 MZ, 13.9 DZ (p < 0.0001). Maximum-likelihood modeling indicated that approximately 50% of the overall variance was due to additive genetic effects; in all diagnosis categories, a totally environmental model gave a significantly poorer fit to the data. Bivariate and trivariate genetic analyses indicated most of the genetic liability for the organ-specific endpoints of psychosis and cirrhosis was due to the shared genetic liability for alcoholism. Once the shared variance with alcoholism was considered, there was no further shared genetic liability for psychosis and cirrhosis. Our results confirm Hrubec and Omenn's conclusion that there was significantly greater concordance in MZ twins-pairs for alcoholic psychosis and cirrhosis in the NAS-NRC twins, and concordance rates remained similar to those reported 16 years earlier. In contrast, we found most of the genetic liability to organ-specific complications of alcoholism was shared with the genetic liability for alcoholism per se; only a small portion of the genetic variance of the individual complications was independent of the genetic predisposition for alcoholism.

Field of study: Medicine
Sound-driven single-electron transfer in a tunable beam-splitter setup

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) strongly modulate the shallow electric potential in piezoelectric materials. In semiconductor heterostructures such as GaAs/AlGaAs, SAWs can thus be employed to transfer individual electrons between distant quantum dots. This transfer mechanism makes SAW technologies a promising candidate to convey quantum information through a circuit of quantum logic gates. Here we present two essential building blocks of such a SAW-driven quantum circuit. First, we implement a triggered single-electron source enabling synchronisation of SAW-driven transport along parallel paths. Then, we couple a pair of transport channels via a tunnel barrier to partition a flying electron arbitrarily into the two paths. All of the presented single-shot experiments are performed with a transfer efficiency exceeding 99 %. Our results open up the way to perform quantum logic operations on the fly and show that a SAW-driven integrated circuit is feasible with single electrons on a large scale.

Field of study: Physics
Anthropogenic impact on Antarctic surface mass balance, currently masked by natural variability, to emerge by mid-century

Global and regional climate models robustly simulate increases in Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in response to anthropogenic global warming. Despite these robust model projections, however, observations indicate that there has been no significant change in Antarctic SMB in recent decades. We show that this apparent discrepancy between models and observations can be explained by the fact that the anthropogenic climate change signal during the second half of the twentieth century is small compared to the noise associated with natural climate variability. Using an ensemble of 35 global coupled climate models to separate signal and noise, we find that the forced SMB increase due to global warming in recent decades is unlikely to be detectable as a result of large natural SMB variability. However, our analysis reveals that the anthropogenic impact on Antarctic SMB is very likely to emerge from natural variability by the middle of the current century, thus mitigating future increases in global sea level.

Field of study: Environmental science
Expression variation and significance of Skp2 and p27~(kip1) during serum starvation and release process of Raji cells

To investigate the expression variation and significance of Skp2 and p27kip1 during serum starvation and release process of Lymphoma cell line Raji cells. The combination of p27kip1 and Skp2 were detected by Immunoprecipitation in Raji cells.Raji cells were treated by serum starvation and release assay for synchronization purpose.The expression variation of p27kip1,Skp2 were detected by Western blot. The results of immunoprecipitation suggest p27kip1 and Skp2 could form compound in Raji cell.During serum starvation and release process of Raji cells,the albumen amount of Skp2 increased,while the albumen amount of p27kip1 decreased. During serum starvation and release process of Raji cells,the increased synthesis of Skp2 may speed up p27kip1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,then p27kip1 decreased significantly,and then the cell cycle was put forward.

Field of study: Medicine
Realization of SCM and CRM by Using RFID-captured Consumer Behavior Information

Physical store retailers are facing a tougher situation than ever. In order to tackle this tough situation, they need not only to reduce cost by effectively executing SCM but also to introduce measures to increase profit like CRM. They are effective by themselves, but if they are combined the retailers can enjoy more benefits from these practices. However, there is no good application that realize both two business practices together. In this study, assuming that RFID system captures consumer behavior information on the sales floor, we propose an application, in which discount prices are offered to FSP member customers based on their loyalty level and the discount prices are computed to achieve a target inventory turnover rate. To realize this application, we also propose two algorithms that effectively control an inventory turnover rate at the same time reward FSP customers based on their loyalty status. For evaluation, we develop a prototype system of the application for a proof of concept and run a numerical study to show the validity of the proposed algorithms.

Field of study: Computer science
On Gaussian Brunn-Minkowski inequalities

In this paper, we are interested in Gaussian versions of the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality. We prove in a streamlined way a semigroup version of the Ehrard inequality for $m$ Borel or convex sets based on a previous work by Borell. Our method also allows us to have semigroup proofs of the geometric Brascamp-Lieb inequality and of the reverse one which follow exactly the same lines.

Field of study: Mathematics
BINOLate–Magnesium Catalysts for Enantioselective Hetero-Diels–Alder Reaction of Danishefsky's Diene with Aldehydes

An efficient catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of Danishefsky's diene with aldehydes using the magnesium binaphthoxide system has been developed, affording a variety of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones in high yields and with excellent ee values. The aggregation behavior and nonlinear effect of the catalytic system, as well as the remarkable stereoelectronic effects of ligands on the catalysis, have also been investigated. On the basis of the structure of the isolated reaction intermediate, the stereochemistry of the products, and the information attained from a study of the nonlinear effect, a plausible asymmetric induction model has been proposed.

Field of study: Chemistry
Fabrication of polyimide film by spin coating

Spin coating can be controlled by a few parameters such as the rotating speed and solid density to yield a well-defined film,which can often be used to create highly uniform coatings.Solid pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4-oxydianiline were added to N,N-dimethyl acetamide to form polypyromellitamic acid solution and films were cast from the solution.The paper focuses on fabrication of high quality polyimide on the basis of experiments especially for uniformity film thickness and good film properties.It implicates that the rotating speed and fluid density have strong effects on the film thickness.Under suitable experiment condition polyimide film can be fabricated with suitable thickness.The film thickness fluctuation is no more than 5%,and the film surface finish 0.3～0.4 nm.The tensile strength is 50～80 MPa with a thickness of 0.3 mm.

Field of study: Physics
Proton-conducting hybrid solid electrolytes for intermediate temperature fuel cells

A new family of proton-conducting/inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by sol–gel processes. The method involves stabilization of metastable acidic tungsten oxide cluster in the polymer composite membrane. A freestanding, flexible and pale-yellowish transparent membrane was formed from tungsten acidic homogeneous solution by sol–gel condensation with alkoxysilylated polyethylene oxide (PEO). The membrane showed very high protonic conductivity of 10−2–10−3 S cm−1 from R.T. to 120 °C, especially, 1.4×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C. The structure of tungsten cluster moieties was neither peroxo complex nor WO3·2H2O. It is suggested that nano-size clusters are dispersed homogeneously in polymer matrix without long-range ordering. Tungsten complexes with carboxylate ligands such as malonic acid could form similar homogeneous membrane. Thermal and ionic transport properties could be controlled by this family of organic derivatives.

Field of study: Materials science
A Survey of Page Ranking Features and Techniques

Re-ranking of Web page is a method which has been extensively used to minimize the access latency of web pages on the internet. However, it is required for the users to visit the highly frequent prefetched web pages in their subsequent accesses, so that the limited bandwidth of the network and server resources can be efficiently utilized and the access delay can be avoided. Therefore, there is a need of a perfect re-ranking method during prefetching. User‘s navigational behavior on the web can be analyzed by using Markov Model. Multidamping is another technique for the ranking of the pages which applies the stochastic matrix. This paper gives detailed information for the page ranking, different features and methods. Index Terms Information extraction, Page prediction, Web re-ranking, Web mining, Web Usage

Field of study: Engineering
Neutrino-induced single-pion production: Kinematics and Cross Section

In the energy range of present and future accelerator-based neutrino-oscillation experiments, single-pion production (SPP) is one of the main contributions to the neutrino-nucleus scattering cross section. For these neutrino energies, ranging from several hundreds of MeV to a few GeV, the SPP on the nucleus is usually described by the reaction in which the incoming lepton couples to one bound nucleon in the nucleus, producing a pion and the knock-out nucleon, along with the residual system and the scattered lepton in the final state. Here, the kinematics and cross section formula for this process are discussed, although the formalism can be applied to other $2\rightarrow4$ processes.

Field of study: Physics