nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High Mediterranean water-level during the Lago-Mare phase of the Messinian Salinity Crisis: insights from the Sr isotope records of Spanish marginal basins (SE Spain)

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) successions record extreme fluctuations in the Mediterranean's environmental conditions. However, some of the scenarios that are thought to have caused these extreme environments are contentious. One prominent example of this is the Mediterranean water level during the Lago-Mare stage of the MSC, which is interpreted either as being very low during a largely desiccated Mediterranean punctuated by endorheic lakes (lacustrine scenario) or sufficiently high to enable basin-wide connectivity across the Mediterranean and with the Atlantic and the Eastern Paratethys (lagoonal scenario). In SE Spain, adjoining marginal basins of Sorbas, Nijar and Vera exhibit sedimentary records of the Lago-Mare stage. Here we present 11 new 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios measured on ostracod (Cyprideis sp.) valves from these successions, which add to the 11 already published data from these basins and whose significance, in terms of water provenance, has not been fully explored. In parallel, we construct a mass balance model that provides quantitative insights into the Sr isotopic composition of the water in which the ostracods dwelt. Overall, measured and published 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios from Sorbas (0.709066–0.709131), Nijar (0.708814–0.709099) and Vera (0.708764–0.708813) all show lower values than modelled ratios for endorheic lakes (>0.7100). These Spanish basins therefore require an additional source of water with a lower Sr isotope signature which is likely to have been derived from the main Mediterranean waterbody (0.7086–0.7087). This interpretation implies that at least the Western Mediterranean had a relatively high and fluctuating water level during the Lago-Mare stage of the MSC.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Hybrid multi-attribute QoS optimization in component based software systems

Design decisions for complex, component-based systems impact multiple quality of service (QoS) properties. Often, means to improve one quality property deteriorate another one. In this scenario, selecting a good solution with respect to a single quality attribute can lead to unacceptable results with respect to the other quality attributes. A promising way to deal with this problem is to exploit multi-objective optimization where the objectives represent different quality attributes. The aim of these techniques is to devise a set of solutions, each of which assures an optimal trade-off between the conflicting qualities. Our previous work proposed a combined use of analytical optimization techniques and evolutionary algorithms to efficiently identify an optimal set of design alternatives with respect to performance and costs. This paper extends this approach to more QoS properties by providing analytical algorithms for availability-cost optimization and three-dimensional availability-performance-cost optimization. We demonstrate the use of this approach on a case study, showing that the analytical step provides a better-than-random starting population for the evolutionary optimization, which lead to a speed-up of 28% in the availability-cost case.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Effects of extraction factors on molecular weight of oat β-glucan

Molecular weight of oat beta-glucan varies with extraction factors and is related to its viscosity,which affects its physiological functions.Water was used as the solvent to extract β-glucan from oat powder,and the effects of different extraction factors on molecular weight of oat beta-glucan were investigated by using gel chromatography.The results showed that the molecular weight of isolated oat β-glucan ranged from 3.64× 104 to 1.67 ×106.The extraction conditions for high molecular weight β-glucan from oat were: the enzyme deactivation temperature should be around 140 ℃;duration for defatting should no less than 10 min,the pH should be 11 and extracting temperature should be around 80 ℃.The flour-to-water ratio should be 1∶12,the extracting duration should no less than 1 h.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Peru: the Political Economy of an Intermediate Regime

Any attempt to define the changes in the Peruvian political economy that have taken place since 1968 1 must be made in terms of the relationship between the state and domestic capital on the one hand and foreign capital on the other, and must offer an explanation of the way in which this military- controlled state has tended to replace the former and establish a new relationship with the latter. In particular, the confrontation between the government and foreign capital, and the significance of internal ownership reforms cannot be understood without reference to the development of Peruvian capitalism before 1968.

Field of study: Political science
Geochemistry of the active layer and near-surface permafrost, Mackenzie delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada

The soluble ion content of the active layer and near-surface permafrost was determined at 41 sites in the Mackenzie delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada. In delta soils, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are the dominant soluble cations, but the quantity and relative abundance of Na+ increase with proximity to the Beaufort Sea coast. Soils beneath frequently flooded surfaces are ion rich in comparison with ground above the level of decadal flooding. Within a terrain type, near-surface permafrost soil solute concentrations are similar between paired cores spaced <1 m apart, but at greater distances (cores spaced 313 m apart), solute concentrations are significantly different. Comparatively low soil solute concentrations in old upland surfaces near Inuvik may be a result of progressive removal of soluble materials from the active layer and permafrost during periods of deeper thaw. In sandy silt alluvium, solutes excluded during downward freezing may accumulate at the base of the active layer and be sequestered by a ris...

Field of study: Environmental science
Raney-type Ru–La Catalysts Prepared from a Ru–La–Al Ternary Alloy: Enhanced Activity in Ammonia Decomposition

Raney-type Ru–La catalysts were prepared from a Ru–La–Al ternary alloy (intermetallic Ru2LaAl10) by NaOH treatment. The presence of La effectively inhibited the aggregation of Ru. The obtained micr...

Field of study: Chemistry
The Relationship among Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, and Organizational Performance

Knowledge management (KM) and organizational performance are believed to be essential of the success in business. The different results in literatures which declare KM affects organizational performance positively. But there are still some confusing relations between KM and organizational learning (OL). Accordingly, we propose some hypotheses to verify relationships among KM, organizational performance, and organizational learning (OL). Base on a sample of Taiwan knowledge-intensive firms engaged in manufacturing, and financial sectors, data are collected using a mail survey, and hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. This paper presents OL as a coordinating mechanism, and the results support it in these samples. Empirical evidence also supports the perspective that KM affects organizational performance through OL. This paper is one of the empirical supports for the role of OL as a mediator between KM and organizational performance. Therefore, the positioning of OL as a mediator is also an important contribution to our thinking on this topic.

Field of study: Business
Cloning of the full--length genome of H8N4 subtype avian influenza virus strain A/duck/Yangzhou/02/2005 and analysis of the sequences

An H8N4 subtype avian A influenza virus was isolated from the aquatic birds in some live bird markets when we surveyed the ecology of avian influenza in East China for more than four years and identified by specific RT-PCR. The eight full-length genes, including 5'and 3'ends of H8N4 subtype avian influenza virus （A/duck/Yangzhou/02/2005） were amplified by using the universal primers. The amplified segments were cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector, respectively. The results showed that each of the eight gene cDNA fragments contained the whole open reading frame of their own. The NA sequence of Dk/YZ/02/05 was analyzed and the result demonstrated that there had no 20 amino acids missing in 48-68 sites, and no residue lost in NS gene in 263 to 277 sites. The motif of HA cleavage site is P-S-V-E-P-R, which is the characteristics of low pathogenic AIV.

Field of study: Biology
Further discussion about the division of periods in the sports history of new China - also discussion with Mr. DAI Jing-dong and Mr LING Ping.

In the Discussion about the Division of Periods in the Modern Sports History of China it was put forward that the principle for the division of periods in the modern sports history of new China is not a "double criterion for period division",but one criterion for period division.According to this period division criterion,the author divided the sports history of new China into 4 development periods by means of combining social development with sports development and focusing mainly on sports development,and concluded that sports in new China is still in the 4th development period to this day.However,major changes may occur to the socialistic market economic system in China in order to respond to international financial crises and to boost the steadily fast development of economy;sports in new China may go into a new development period as China is further developed from a big sports nation into a powerful sports nation under the guidance of scientific development view.

Field of study: Education
Detection of the BCS transition in a trapped Fermi gas

We investigate theoretically the quasiparticle properties of a trapped gas of fermionic atoms in both the normal and the superfluid phases. Our analysis, which accounts for the shell structure of the normal phase spectrum, shows that the single-particle response of the gas to a modulation of the trapping frequency should indicate the onset of superfluidity. The results are discussed in the context of current experiments on trapped Fermi gases.

Field of study: Physics
PARAMETER ANALYSIS OF THE CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIORS OF CROSS-ANISOTROPIC SUBGRADE UNDER EMBANKMENT LOADING

Using the cross-anisotropic elastic Finite Element Method, this paper systematically analyzes the influence of the parameter values of Eh (young’s modulus in the horizontal direction), νhh (Poisson’s ratio for horizontal strain due to horizontal strain at right angles) and Ghv (shear modulus in the vertical plane) on the consolidation behaviors of subgrade under embankment loads. These behaviors include the settlement of embankment center, horizontal displacement in subgrade, pore pressure dissipation and average consolidation degree in subgrade. Results indicate that the variation of Eh has significant influence on the results of settlement, horizontal displacement, pore pressure dissipation and total average consolidation degree. The variation of νhh has apparent influence on settlement, long term horizontal displacement and total average consolidation degree, but little influence on pore pressure. The variation of Ghv is of significant influence on settlement, horizontal displacement, but little influence on pore pressure and total average consolidation degree.

Field of study: Engineering
Using wave runup modeling to inform coastal species management: An example application for sea turtle nest relocation

The inundation of foreshore and backshore coastal environments caused by wave runup or groundwater intrusion can be extremely detrimental for beach-dwelling organisms. For beach-nesting species, whose eggs require sufficient gas exchange with the surrounding environment for proper embryonic development, inundation for prolonged periods can result in embryonic mortality. Management strategies such as the relocation of nests high on the beach to avoid wave action have been applied for some species, though this strategy may result in unnecessary nest manipulation. To improve the identification of beach locations potentially exposed to inundation caused by wave wash-over which may require management action, wave runup models were tested in Fort Morgan, Alabama, USA for the 2016 sea turtle nesting season. The potential exposure of sea turtle nesting sites to wave wash-over was determined by comparing observed nest elevations to the predicted combined elevation of wave runup, tide, and surge (i.e., total water level). Total water level was calculated using three different definitions of beach slope: foreshore, nest, and dune-to-water (DTW), and two LiDAR-derived elevation estimates: the most recent survey from 2016 and a time-averaged digital elevation model (DEM). Models using the time-averaged DEM performed as well as, or better than, those using the 2016 LiDAR survey in the majority of comparisons. Wash-over state was correctly identified for up to 83.3% of sites when using nest slope in the wave runup calculation. However, DTW slope performed the best when predicting the wash-over frequency of a site. Mapping of the predicted 98th percentile of wave runup indicated that only 11.2% of nesting sites were exposed to wave wash-over, in contrast to the 21.3% of nests which were relocated. Wave runup models have not previously been used to inform sea turtle conservation actions; however, it holds promise for improved targeted management interventions and can assist other species (e.g., shorebirds, beach mice), which rely on dry beach habitat for nesting, feeding, and migratory rest stops. Wave runup models can also be used to investigate past storm events, forecast approaching storm impacts, and supplement sea level rise scenarios for coastal species management at multiple spatial scales.

Field of study: Environmental science
Topological Insulators at Room Temperature

Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter with surface states protected by the time-reversal symmetry. In this work, we perform first-principle electronic structure calculations for Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}, Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} crystals. Our calculations predict that Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 3}, Bi{sub 2}T e{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} are topological insulators, while Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3} is not. In particular, Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} has a topologically non-trivial energy gap of 0.3eV , suitable for room temperature applications. We present a simple and unified continuum model which captures the salient topological features of this class of materials. These topological insulators have robust surface states consisting of a single Dirac cone at the {Lambda} point.

Field of study: Physics
Fabrication and characterization of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 films deposited with aerosol-assisted MOCVD

With Y(DPM) 3 and Zr(DPM) 4 as precursors, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited onto NiO-SDC substrates using a modified aerosol-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (AAMOCVD) apparatus, where high power halogen lights were used as assisted heaters. Cubic structured YSZ was obtained when the films were deposited at 650 °C. The cubic YSZ transformed to tetragonal structure after annealed at 1100 °C for 3 h, possibly due to crystallite growth. Y/Zr mole ratio of the deposited film depends on the Y/Zr ratio of the precursors, indicating that the thin film composition can be effectively controlled. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a strong bonding between the films and substrates. Thickness of the film was estimated to be about 9 μm with a high growth rate of 50 nm/min, which inferring the AAMOCVD is very effective in synthesis of YSZ films. AC impedance analyses showed that the ionic conductivity of the YSZ film is 0.034 S/cm at 800 °C, which is slightly less than that of bulk YSZ, and the conduction activation energy ( E a ) changed from 80.8 kJ/mol to 138.8 kJ/mol at 640 °C with decreasing temperature.

Field of study: Materials science
Multiplicities of some maximal dominant weights of the $\widehat{s\ell}(n)$-modules $V(k\Lambda_0)$

For $n \geq 2$ consider the affine Lie algebra $\widehat{s\ell}(n)$ with simple roots $\{\alpha_i \mid 0 \leq i \leq n-1\}$. Let $V(k\Lambda_0), \, k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}$ denote the integrable highest weight $\widehat{s\ell}(n)$-module with highest weight $k\Lambda_0$. It is known that there are finitely many maximal dominant weights of $V(k\Lambda_0)$. Using the crystal base realization of $V(k\Lambda_0)$ and lattice path combinatorics we determine the multiplicities of a large set of maximal dominant weights of the form $k\Lambda_0 - \lambda^\ell_{a,b}$ where $ \lambda^\ell_{a,b} = \ell\alpha_0 + (\ell-b)\alpha_1 + (\ell-(b+1))\alpha_2 + \cdots + \alpha_{\ell-b} + \alpha_{n-\ell+a} + 2\alpha_{n - \ell+a+1} + \ldots + (\ell-a)\alpha_{n-1}$, and $k \geq a+b$, $a,b \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}$, $\max\{a,b\} \leq \ell \leq \left \lfloor \frac{n+a+b}{2} \right \rfloor-1 $. We show that these weight multiplicities are given by the number of certain pattern avoiding permutations of $\{1, 2, 3, \ldots \ell\}$.

Field of study: Mathematics
Immediate and delayed memory recall patterns of chronic hemodialysis adult hispanic patients.

To determine the most effective time to administer nutrition education to hemodialysis patients by evaluating memory recall scores before, during, and after treatment.



Prospective, quasi experimental cohort.



Sixty-two adult Hispanic hemodialysis patients (38 men and 24 women, 29 <65 years of age and 32 >65 years of age). Patients, between 18 and 85 years of age, who have been on hemodialysis at least one month. Patients were literate and able to see and hear without impairment.



Hemodialysis clinic.



Fifteen simple words (English and Spanish) in large print on 5 x 8 laminated 2-sided cards that were shown to the patient before, during, and after dialysis.



Patients were shown 5 different words before going on dialysis, 5 more words during dialysis, and 5 more words after dialysis. Each time, the patient was asked for immediate recall to assess short-term memory recall. Patients were then asked 5 to 10 minutes later (before, during, and after dialysis) what words were seen to assess long-term memory recall.



Did patients remember more before, during, or after dialysis?



There were no significant differences in memory recall scores between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects or by gender with respect to memory recall scores. Results imply that time of recall in relation to dialysis treatment may be important for those above 65 years of age. A significant difference was found when comparing those subjects completing elementary school to those subjects completing high school and college. The evidence found in this study was in accordance with the findings of Smith and Winslow in their 1990 study showing subjects required less time to complete a task measuring cognitive function when it was given before hemodialysis treatment, as compared with during the treatment.



As age increases, recall ability likely will decrease. As education level increases, recall ability will likely increase. Providing nutrition education before the hemodialysis treatment occurs may be more beneficial than during and after the treatment. The educational information that a hemodialysis patient retains after treatment may be seriously impacted by the patient's education level and age.

Field of study: Medicine
PLANT IDENTIFICATION USING COLOR CO-OCCURRENCE MATRICES

A method of identifying plants based on color texture characterization of canopy sections was developed. Color co-occurrence matrices were derived from image matrices, one for each color attribute: intensity, saturation, and hue. Eleven texture features were calculated from each of the co-occurrence matrices. The 33 total color texture features were used in a discriminant analysis model to identify plants. Overall classification accuracy of 91% was achieved when this method was used to identify seven common cultivars of nursery stock. A total of 350 observations were used in the investigation. This method exhibited a significant improvement over previous methods which used intensity data only.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Characterisation of the phenanthrene degradation-related genes and degrading ability of a newly isolated copper-tolerant bacterium.

A copper-tolerant phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading bacterium, strain Sphingobium sp. PHE-1, was newly isolated from the activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant. Two key genes, ahdA1b-1 encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDɑ) and xyLE encoding catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O), involved in the PHE metabolism by strain PHE-1 were identified. The PAH-RHD gene cluster showed 96% identity with the same cluster of Sphingomonas sp. P2. Our results indicated the induced transcription of xylE and ahdA1b-1 genes by PHE, simultaneously promoted by Cu(II). For the first time, high concentration of Cu(II) is found to encourage the expression of PAH-RHDɑ and C23O genes during PHE degradation. Applying Sphingomonas PHE-1 in PHE-contaminated soils for bioaugmentation, the abundance of xylE gene was increased by the planting of ryegrass and the presence of Cu(II), which, in turn, benefited ryegrass growth. The best performance of PHE degradation and the highest abundance of xylE genes occurred in PHE-copper co-contaminated soils planted with ryegrass.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Relative Age Effect in Men's but Not Women's Professional Baseball: 1943–1954

Birthdates of professional female and male baseball players active from 1943 to 1954 (the beginning and final years for professional female leagues) were matched for year of birth and league years and then compared by birth quarters, with a cutoff date beginning August 1. A relative age effect was noted for males, as there was a significantly different distribution of players across birth quarter, but there was no such effect for female professionals. Since players were matched for birth year and league play, the difference was unlikely to be due to seasonality differences in birth. Instead, the absence of a “relative age” effect for female players can be attributed to the absence of organized adolescent baseball for girls prior to the establishment of professional baseball leagues for women.

Field of study: Psychology
ALIMENTACION DEL CALAMAR ILLEX ARGENTINUS (CEPHALOPODA, OMMASTREPHIDAE) EN LA ZONA COMUN DE PESCA ARGENTINO-URUGUAYA

En el presente trabajo, se analiza la variabilidad entre sexos, clases de tamano, y grados de madurez sexual en la composicion de la dieta y en la intensidad de alimentacion del calamar Illex argentinus en la Zona Comun de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya (ZCPAU). Durante septiembre y octubre de 1998 se examino, a nivel macroscopico, el contenido estomacal de 6369 ejemplares de Illex argentinus a bordo de tres buques pesqueros calamareros (poteros), determinandose el item presa dominante en cada estomago analizado (dieta basada en item presa dominante, DBIPD). Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio conducen a postular que: (i) la composicion de la dieta del calamar en la ZCPAU estuvo dominada por crustaceos, (ii) los bajos niveles de canibalismo sugieren una adecuada disponibilidad de alimento en el area de estudio, (iii) los habitos alimentarios de esta especie son similares para ambos sexos, (iv) la composicion de la dieta esta determinada en parte por el tamano de los individuos, y en parte por la disponibilidad (abundancia relativa) de los items presa, y (v) no fue posible identificar el factor que mas influye sobre la intensidad de alimentacion en esta especie (tamano, madurez sexual)

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science