nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Curriculum in Psychiatry and Neurology for Pharmacy Programs

To describe pharmacy curricula in psychiatry and neurology and to report on neuropsychiatric pharmacy specialists’ views on optimal curriculum.  Design and administer one electronic survey to accredited pharmacy programs asking them to report information on curricula in psychiatry and neurology for the 2014-2015 academic year. Design and administer a separate electronic survey to board certified pharmacists with an academic affiliation who are members of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists (CPNP) asking about their teaching activities and their opinion on optimal curricula.  Fifty-six percent of pharmacy programs and 65% of CPNP members responded to the surveys. The program survey revealed greater than 80% of topics were taught by full-time faculty. Didactic lecturing, team-based learning, and case studies were the most common teaching methods. Programs dedicated the most didactics (3 to 5+ hours) to epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and pain. Autism, traumatic brain injury, personality, and eating disorders were either not taught or given ≤ 1 hour of didactics in most programs. Inpatient psychiatry had the most APPE placements with a mean of 19.6, range 0-83. APPE electives in psychiatry outnumbered those in neurology 5 to 1. CPNP member survey results showed 2 out of 3 members agreed that curriculum could be improved with additional APPEs in psychiatry and neurology.  Didactic hour distribution in psychiatry and neurology could be improved to better align with board certification in psychiatric pharmacy (BCPP) recommendations and disorder prevalence and complexity. Specialists recommend an experiential component in neurology and psychiatry to combat stigma and improve pharmacist knowledge and skills.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Levitons for electron quantum optics

Single electron sources enable electron quantum optics experiments where single electrons emitted in a ballistic electronic interferometer plays the role of a single photons emitted in an optical medium in Quantum Optics. A qualitative step has been made with the recent generation of single charge levitons obtained by applying Lorentzian voltage pulse on the contact of the quantum conductor. Simple to realize and operate, the source emits electrons in the form of striking minimal excitation states called levitons. We review the striking properties of levitons and their possible applications in quantum physics to electron interferometry and entanglement. W Schematic generation of time resolved single charges called levitons using Lorentzian voltage pulses applied on a contact. A Quantum Point Contact is used to partition the levitons for further analysis. Injecting levitons on opposite contacts with a delay $\\tau$ enables to probe electronic like Hong Ou Mandel correlations. Copyright line will be provided by the publisher 1 Single electron sources In this introduction, we will distinguish single charge sources from coherent single electrons sources. The former have been developed for quantum metrology where the goal is to transfer an integer charge at high frequency f through a conductor with good accuracy to realize a quantized current source whose current I = ef shows metrological accuracy. The latter, the coherent single electrons source, aims at emitting (injecting) a single electron whose wave-function is well defined and controlled to realize further single electron coherent manipulation via quantum gates. The gates are provided by electronic beam-splitters made with Quantum Point Contacts or provided by electronic Mach-Zehnder and Fabry-Prot interferometers. Here it is important that the injected single electron is the only excitation created in the conductor. The frequency f of injection is not chosen to have a large current, as current accuracy is not the goal, but only to get sufficient statistics on the electron transfer events to extract physical information. 1.1 single charge sources for current standards The first manipulation of single charges trace back to the early 90's where physicists took advantage of charge quan-tization of a submicronic metallic island nearly isolated from leads by tunnel barriers. The finite energy E C = e 2 /2C to charge the small capacitor C with a single charge being larger than temperature (typically one kelvin for

Field of study: Physics
Etude de la repartition du manganese dans le Devonien Superieur de las Cabesses (Ariège)

ZusammenfassungDie Verfasser haben die Elemente-Verteilung von Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni in Kalken („griottes“) des Höheren Devons mit Bogen-Spektrographie und Polarographie mit folgenden Ergebnissen studiert:1.Mn4+ + Ba läßt sich mit der „Castaing Mikrosonde“ auf Haarrissen nachweisen, auf denen sich Mangan konzentriert hat.2.Mn2+ + Mg sind wahrscheinlich zusammen in den an die Haarrisse angrenzenden Karbonat-Zonen konzentriert.
Dies ist eine Folge der Fällungs-Bedingungen.AbstractThe authors have studied the distribution of Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni éléments in Griotte upper devonian limestone by spectrography and polarography and have revealed a double correlation:1.Mn4+ - Ba confirmed as a result of the examination by Castaing microprobe micro fissures in which manganese has collected.2.Mn2+ - Mg which are probably associated in the carbonated zone outside the micro fissures.
Influences on conditions of deposit.RésuméLes auteurs ont étudié la répartition des éléments Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni dans les calcaires griottes du Dévonien Supérieur par spectrographie d'arc et polarographie et ont mis en évidence une double corrélation:1.Mn4+ - Ba, confirmée par l'étude, à la microsonde de Castaing, de microfissures, dans lesquelles le manganèse s'est concentré.2.Mn2+ - Mg qui sont probablement associées dans la zone carbonatée en dehors des microfissures.
Incidences sur les conditions de dépôt.Краткое содержаниеАвторы исследовали распределение элементов Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Т, Ba, Сu и. Ni в верхнем девоне. Мn4++Ва, были определены в волосных трещинах, а Mn2++Mg были определены в породах, расположенных вокруг волосных трещин.

Field of study: Environmental science
Phase Fluctuations in a Parametric Light Source Operating inside a Laser Resonator

A theoretical analysis is given of phase fluctuations in a parametric light source consisting of a nonlinear crystal operating inside die resonator of the pumping laser ("internal parametric light source"). It is shown that an exponential instability of phase fluctuations may arise in such an internal source. The condition of stability of the phase fluctuations is determined. The minimum possible width of the emission line of an internal parametric source is calculated in the stability range of phase fluctuations. It is shown that the optimization of an internal parametric source in respect of its output power results in strong broadening of the emission line.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Study on Microstructure of High Manganese Steel Bonded Titanium Carbide

The microstructure,elements distribution and fracture morphology of high Mn steel bonded titanium carbide produced by vacuum sintering was analyzed by OM,SEM,EPMA and other techniques.Experimental results show that TiC particles distribute evenly in the binder and no segregation of TiC particles are observed.Mo is distributed concentrically and surrounding the carbide layer in the process of liguid phase sintering,which results in the formation of cladding structure.The structure is likely to improve the wettability,so the binder and the carbide are better combined.The structure also has an effect on the refinement of carbide particle.

Field of study: Materials science
A group incentive compatible mechanism yielding core allocations

The possibilities for achieving desirable standards of economic performance in a decentralized, incentive compatible manner have recently received widespread research attention. Perhaps the most notable contribution in this area has been the remarkable paper by Groves and Ledyard [7]. They devised a mechanism for allocating resources in economies with public goods which gives agents broad opportunities for strategic behavior but under which Nash equilibrium results in Pareto optimal allocations. These allocations resulting from the Groves-Ledyard rules are not, however, guaranteed to be individually rational, so some agents may end up worse off under the operation of the mechanism than at their initial endowment points. Further, the mechanism is not group incentive compatible: if even two agents can coordinate their choices of messages, then the Nash equilibria are no longer stable and inefficiency may result .

Field of study: Economics
Determination of 11 Kinds of Phenol and Aniline Dyes in Oxidative Hair Dyes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A method of simultaneous determination of the eleven phenol and aniline dyes in oxidative hair dyes by ultrasonicassisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The orthogonal and single-factor experiments were designed to and optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions,and the samples were extracted using 10 mL of 5% methanol under the conditions of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant for 10 min. The gradient elution program and the electrospray ionization mode change were together used for the optimization of the measurements,and the determinations were completed by using the multi-reaction monitoring scan. The detection limits were 1. 15- 9. 43 μg / g,the recoveries of spiked samples were 88. 0%-118. 1%. The method can be used to determine trace prohibited and restricted dyes in hair dyes.

Field of study: Chemistry
Long-term follow-up of patients from the 1989 Q fever outbreak: no evidence of excess cardiac disease in those with fatigue.

In 1989, an outbreak of Q fever (C. burnetii infection) with 147 confirmed cases occurred in Solihull, West Midlands. Three patients developed cardiomyopathy in the subsequent 10 years. The cohort has been followed up with respect to the development of fatigue and, in this instance, cardiac effects after the original infection.



To determine whether persisting fatigue after Q fever represented sub-clinical cardiomyopathy.



Prospective follow-up study.



All traceable subjects from the original outbreak, and community age-, sex- and smoking-matched controls, were studied. Questionnaires for idiopathic fatigue, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, spirometry and shuttle walk distance were undertaken, and a subset with CDC-defined chronic fatigue syndrome had gated cardiac scans.



Of the original cohort, 19 had died, three had emigrated and 10 were untraceable. Of the remaining 115, 108 responded to a mailed questionnaire and 87 were investigated further, of whom 85 provided complete data. Two developed aortic valve vegetations, one of whom died. Chronic fatigue syndrome was found in 20% of cases and 5.3% of controls (including those with co-morbidities), falling to 8.2% and 0 when excluding those with co-morbidities. There were no significant differences in ECG and echocardiographic investigations or shuttle-walk distance between those with fatigue and those without. Six of the seven patients with CFS had gated cardiac scans: all were within normal limits.



These findings do not support the existence of a sub-clinical cardiomyopathy in the patients in this cohort who suffer from fatigue after acute Q fever, although endocarditis can occur after acute infection.

Field of study: Medicine
Portrait of a Profession in Paralysis

Reading Deborah Rhode's book on the legal profession is a profoundly depressing experience. This is precisely because of the book's understatement. Unlike many of the recent jeremiads lamenting the fall of the profession from a golden age of ethical practice and public service, In the Interests of Justice is far from an undiscriminating broadside against the bar and its works. Rhode strives to be restrained, temperate and discriminating in her critiques. Unlike most of the political and media critics of the profession, she relies on a substantial body of sober research on lawyers and their work rather than on anecdotal horror stories. Indeed she uses this research to defend lawyers against some of the more common attacks on them, such as that criminal defense lawyers regularly bring about the release of dangerous criminals on "technicalities," and that personal injury lawyers are seriously damaging the American economy by deluging businesses with frivolous lawsuits.  Nor is her book purely destructive, an indictment without remedies. Although often acerbic, her tone is detached and diagnostic rather than polemical or accusing. She has many practical proposals for reform, which on the whole are modest, incremental, sensible, and entirely feasible.

Field of study: Law
Blended Learning Is the Natural Evolution of Electronic Learning

The aim of this study was to structure a knowledge matrix, through in which to manifest the features of blended learning , its concept , success criteria, advantages and its application in university teaching , many studies have agreed that blended learning is the natural evolution of E-learning . it is perceived as a teaching – learning method which blends modern techniques and traditional methods together in specific time and place frames, within normal environmental classroom teaching circumstances, in which the teacher and the student interact, each one according to his role and the requirements of the teaching situation, with the least possible cost in order to reach the teaching outcomes with high com pretence and quality. It appeared that the process of blending between different teaching methods does not occur in a random or moody way, but in an organized homogeneous scientific method , which is governed by several criteria and controls related to the requirements of the teaching situation . Therefore , the blended learning success criteria in its excellent aims , teachers and students good performance, excellent instructional content ,perfect infers and technical stature , provision of financial potentials societal mobilization. The obstacles which hinder the application of blended learning are centered around the high financial cost of the inputs of such kind of learning, the low level of education experience and skill of some teachers and students in dealing seriously with information and communication technology and teaching technology. The study concluded by emphasizing the importance of reconsidering the inputs of the instructional process and the procedures of its implementation in order to cope with the concept of electronic and technological revolution employ its basics to achieve the requirements of current stage , pursue novelty , persuade individuals that change and development are a modern necessity.  blended learning, electronic learning, university teaching, technological revolution

Field of study: Education
A tree-ring based reconstruction of summer relative humidity variability in eastern Mongolian Plateau and its associations with the Pacific and Indian Oceans

A regional chronology (RC) based on tree-ring-width data at two sites was developed for the southern Hulun Buir Sandy Land, a marginal area of the eastern Mongolian Plateau, China. This chronology significantly and positively correlated with the relative humidity from the previous December to September, except in May. The highest correlation of the RC with the mean June–August relative humidity suggested that the growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica strongly reflects seasonal moisture conditions. Consequently, the variation in the mean June–August relative humidity was reconstructed for the reliable time period of 1835–2013; 41.6% of the variance occurred during the calibration period of 1953–2012. Similar patterns of drought and pluvial fluctuations were found in other tree-ring-based moisture reconstructions. Our reconstruction implied that the characteristics of regional hydroclimatic variations, such as the drought and low humidity of the late 1990s to 2000s, were not unusual from the long-term perspective, as suggested by the hydrological records obtained from tree-ring material. Spectrum analyses results and significant spatial correlations of our relative humidity reconstruction with the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and tropical Indian Ocean implied close linkages between moisture in the eastern Mongolian Plateau and remote oceans. When the SST related to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation was high (low), the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon at the northern extremities weakened (strengthened). Thus, moisture decreased (i.e., the relative humidity was low) in North China and in our study area. The low land-sea thermal contrast between Asia and the Indian Ocean due to the enhanced SSTs in the tropical Indian Ocean also influenced the strength of the moisture transfer via the Indian summer monsoon, thereby reducing the moisture variations in the eastern Mongolian Plateau.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
A model for the diffusion of populations in annular patchy environments

A system of reaction-diffusion differential equations is utilized to model the diffusion of a population through annular patches with different carrying capacities. In the case of continuous solutions with continuous flux, it is shown that a unique, positive steady-state solution exists. In the case of radially symmetric initial conditions, it is shown that all solutions of the Cauchy problem approach this steady-state solution. Models involving nonsymmetric initial conditions are also considered.

Field of study: Mathematics
A Case Study of the Perversion Files: An Application of Lanning and Dietz “Commonly Misunderstood Phenomena”

The fight against child sexual abuse has been hindered by the refusal of many public organizations to release information or to report allegations of misconduct. Brought to the public’s attention only when the accused is a well-known person, organizations designed to support children in many aspects of their lives have allowed for decades of abuse to go unchecked. In October of 2012, the Oregon Supreme court ordered the Boy Scouts of American (BSA) to release 14,500 pages of confidential files detailing sexual abuse allegations from 1959 to 1985. The so-called “perversion files” are the single largest collection of information on alleged perpetrators of sexual molestation against youth. The BSA data represented a unique opportunity to examine demographic information from a large sample of purported sexual offenders from across the country over a vast period of time. Additionally, the sexual offenders were not exclusively located in the criminal justice system since BSA officials referred only a small percentage of offenders to law enforcement. The study analyzed a random sample to ascertain description of the actions used by the individuals identified in the perversion files. These were then analyzed to explain why these individuals might have gone unnoticed or their actions unreported by the BSA volunteers.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Off-chip detection of radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna

Radiation from a linear array oscillator with a spiral antenna has been measured using an off-chip coupled bolometer. The array oscillator has a distributed array structure with 300 resistively shunted junctions which are placed in the groups of 6 junctions. The array oscillator was fabricated on a Si wafer with a two-arm spiral antenna. The chip was attached to a Si lens with an anti-reflection coating. Rather large power (>100 nW) was detected at a number of array bias voltages V/sub bias/ from 115 mV to 196 mV, which correspond from 185 GHz to 315 GHz. The maximum measured power was 550 nW at V/sub bias/=125 mV (200 GHz).

Field of study: Physics
Hubert Gerhard und Carlo di Cesare del Palagio: Bronzeplastiker der Spätrenaissance (review)

that their power could be effectively promoted through association with pagan gods such as Jupiter. This political application of mythological themes led to their migration into prestigious contexts such as large-scale wall and ceiling paintings in the state apartments of princes throughout seventeenth-century Europe. The wide lens through which Bull considers the Renaissance and Baroque revival of pagan mythology means that his conclusions are not necessarily pertinent or reliable in individual cases. In addition to enjoying the Olympian perspective Bull’s range provides, readers will profit from the separate analyses of the six pagan deities most favored in European iconography ca. 1400–1700 and the summaries by their myths’ literary sources. Everyone will enjoy his lively writing and the accompanying abundant, if poor quality, illustrations, but scholars will be frustrated by the sparse endnotes. SARAH BLAKE MCHAM Rutgers University

Field of study: History
Josephson supercurrent in Nb/InN-nanowire/Nb junctions

We experimentally studied the Josephson supercurrent in Nb/InN-nanowire/Nb junctions. Large critical currents up to 5.7 μA have been achieved, which proves the good coupling of the nanowire to the superconductor. The effect of a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the Josephson junction on the critical current has been studied. The observed monotonous decrease in the critical current with magnetic field is explained by the magnetic pair-breaking effect in planar Josephson junctions of ultra-narrow width [J. C. Cuevas and F. S. Bergeret,  (2007)].

Field of study: Physics
Competency Requirements for Managing Public Private Partnerships (PPPs): The Case of Infrastructure Projects in Jordan

Managing public-private partnership (PPP), particularly in the implementation phase, is both theoretically and practically complex with success largely determined by how well partnerships are managed. Yet, several PPP scholars have noted that little is known about the management competency requirements to effectively manage in a PPP settings; that is described as different from traditional hierarchical ‘command-and-control’ management forms, and have called for further research to understand this ‘black box’. This research has provided a wide-ranging account of the most significant ‘soft-management’ competency requirements to effectively mange in such a multi-organizational environment. It is suggested that PPP managers should be able to cope with, adapt to and be flexible to respond to changes that are frequent occurrences during the course of the partnership. Being patient and self-motivated were also qualities PPP managers should possess. Social and interpersonal skills, ‘scoping in/out’ ability, conceptual skills, project management skills, and, communication and coordination skills were also sets of skills important to effectively manage in a PPP settings. Further, PPP managers should also have sufficient technical and project management experience, as well as experience in negotiation and arbitration. PPP managers should be knowledgeable and qualified to manage the construction, operational and the financial aspects of the PPP project. They should also be familiar with, and use specialized programming and scheduling techniques. The findings of this research were based on data collected from in-depth interviews with 21 partner managers in two case study organizations in Jordan.

Field of study: Business
Study on Friction and Wear Properties of High Aluminum(30%~50%Al) Zn-based Alloys

Friction and wear properties of five different Al containing Zn based alloys were investigated under room temperature,at 100℃ and dry sliding conditions with MMW 1 wear tester. The results show that the friction property of alloys is improved with increasing of the speed of slide under room temperature,and the property of ZA30 is better,the friction coefficient is 0.0483; the wear properties of alloys are enhanced with the increasing of Al content and ZA45 is better;the friction and wear properties of ZA30 are better at 100℃;the properties of alloys are decline under dry sliding condition.

Field of study: Materials science