nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
P64 Jaw osteonecrosis in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy: results from a single institution

A growing number of reported cases of jaw osteonecrosis in patients receiving bisphosphonate have been published in the last several years. The clinical features of this condition include pain, paresthesia, bone exposure and fistula. Risk factors have been recognized and classified as local and/or systemic.  The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical data of the patients with osteonecrosis assisted at a single institution.  A total of 42 patients presenting 49 areas of jaw osteonecrosis were evaluated. Medical records were analyzed in order to collect information on underlying disease, bisphosphonate information, clinical features related to bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, as well as precipitating events related to its occurrence.  Most patients were female (71%) and the mean age was 64.7 years old. Breast cancer was the most frequent underlying disease (40.5%) followed by multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, lung and osteoporosis. In addition, the average use of bisphosphonate was 36.8 months and most patients had received zoledronic acid. The posterior region of the mandible was the main affected site. Among the possible triggering factors, exo dontia was associated with 73.8% of the cases. The treatment modalities consisted of surgical, local irrigation with clorexidin and antibiotics and a majority of cases presented complete or partial remission.  Most cases of jaw osteonecrosis were related to tooth extraction and surgical interventions showed a good control of the osteonecrosis cases.

Field of study: Medicine
Temporal fluctuations in the pseudomonad population associated with sugar beet leaves

A total of 473 fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from sugar beet leaves, sampled approximately every 30–40 days, over three consecutive growing seasons. Total cellular fatty acid composition and restriction fragment length polymorphism data for the flanking regions of the ribosomal RNA operon were obtained for each isolate to assess the temporal variability in diversity of leaf-associated fluorescent pseudomonad populations. A total of 115 distinct ribotypes (genotypes) were detected within the cluster identified by principal component analysis of cellular fatty acid content. Although the abundance of isolates was lognormally distributed, individual ribotypes were detected more often than would be predicted by such a distribution. The number of ribotypes identified in each sample was directly related to the size of that sample. Despite the implication that the sample size was too small, the data suggested that some individual ribotypes were capable of long-term survival and that there was a dynamic, non-random and continuous turnover within the population. A seasonal pattern of isolate reoccurrence was observed. As one group suffered decline, the next group, better adapted to the prevailing conditions, proliferated.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Crystallographic analysis of Bacillus subtilis CsaA.

Bacillus subtilis CsaA (BsCsaA) has been proposed to act as a protein-secretion chaperone in the Sec-dependent translocation pathway, possibly compensating for the lack of SecB in the Gram-positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis. This paper presents the cloning, purification, crystallization and structures of BsCsaA in two space groups (P42(1)2 and P3(2)21) solved and refined to resolutions of 1.9 and 2.0 A, respectively. These structures complement the previously available crystal structure of CsaA from the Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus (TtCsaA) and provide a direct structural basis for the interpretation of previously available biochemical data on BsCsaA. The sequence and structure of the proposed substrate-binding pocket are analyzed and discussed. A comparison with the TtCsaA structure reveals a different pattern of electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the binding site, which overlaps with a region of high sequence variability. In addition, the dimerization interface of this homodimeric protein is analyzed and discussed.

Field of study: Chemistry
Better Late Than Never? On the Dynamics of Online Regulation of Sadness Using Distraction and Cognitive Reappraisal

Real-life emotion regulation often occurs at some point after an emotion-triggering event (ETE) has been introduced, but most previous research has involved regulation before or after the ETE. In a series of experiments, the authors examined online regulation via distraction and cognitive reappraisal by manipulating the strategy initiation point in sadness-evoking films. Distraction was effective even when initiated late, presumably because it involves diluting the ETE contents by mixing them with a nonsad input. By contrast, reappraisal was less effective when initiated late, suggesting a possible point of no return for this strategy: Adopting a detached view late in the ETE may be difficult because it involves continued focus on the ETE and hence requires overcoming a previously formed tendency of identifying with the emotional content.

Field of study: Psychology
Expression in yeast of secreted lignin peroxidase with improved 2,4-dichlorophenol degradability by DNA shuffling.

Lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to mineralize a variety of recalcitrant aromatic compounds and oxidize a number of polycyclic aromatic and phenolic compounds. The major problem of the wild type LiP is that it can be inactivated by excess H(2)O(2) and high concentrations of aromatic compounds. We applied a directed evolution technique coupled with a rapid colorimetric screening method to obtain mutant genes with improved H(2)O(2) stability and polychlorinated phenol degradability, and they were successfully expressed as the secretive LiPs in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting variants showed approximately 1.6-fold improved 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation activity and stability against H(2)O(2) compared with the parent strain. The kinetic properties of the variants toward 2,4-DCP and H(2)O(2) were also increased compared with the wild type for all three mutants studied. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the greatest number of amino acid substitutions was located near the surface or Ca(2+) binding sites of the enzyme.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Scorpionate complexes of vanadium(III or IV) as catalyst precursors for solvent-free cyclohexane oxidation with dioxygen

The V-scorpionate vanadium complexes [VCl3{HC(pz)3}] (pz = pyrazolyl) and [VCl3{SO3C(pz)3}] catalyze cyclohexane oxidation with dioxygen, to cyclohexanol (the main product) and cyclohexanone, under solvent-free conditions.  provides the best activity (13 % conversion into the ketone and alcohol, with high selectivity, at the O2 pressure of 15 atm, at 140 ºC, 18 h reaction time). The reaction is further promoted (to 15 % conversion) by pyrazinecarboxylic acid (PCA). The use of C- or O-radical traps supports the involvement of a free-radical reaction mechanism. Several reaction parameters have been varied in a systematic study, directed toward optimization of the process.

Field of study: Chemistry
Multi-criteria spatial identification of carnivore conservation areas under data scarcity and conflict: a jaguar case study in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Human–wildlife conflict, habitat loss, and prey hunting are the main threats to carnivore species worldwide. Forest conversion as consequence of deforestation and agricultural expansion increases the proximity between carnivores and humans, thereby escalating conflicts. Knowledge about carnivore species in data-poor countries, such as Colombia, is scarce which has the potential to result in poor landscape planning decisions. For many species, the only existing spatial information resides in expert-driven approaches which result in coarse-resolution ‘extent-of-occurrence’ maps. There is an increasing need for the development of methodologies to identify conservation and management areas at appropriate scales. Multi-criteria approaches will allow the inclusion of diverse species attributes enabling environmental institutions to address complex landscape decisions that result in conservation and management of carnivore habitat. We present a multi-criteria spatial identification tool for conservation and management areas, focused on Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in northern Colombia. Our approach identifies areas based on the relationship between three spatial criteria: (1) suitable habitat patches, (2) habitat connectivity, and (3) zones of higher likelihood of human–jaguar conflict. We identified areas with the presence of at least one spatial criteria in 32% of the study area. Only 16.28% of these occur within protected areas (PAs) and the remaining fall on private lands (83.72%), either within (35.68%) or outside (48.04%) buffer zones of PAs. Our results highlight the need for multi-stakeholder collaborative approaches given that most proposed conservation areas fall on private rather than public lands.

Field of study: Environmental science
Selective Area Epitaxial Growth of Stretchable Geometry AlGaN-GaN Heterostructures

We report on the selective area epitaxy (SAE) of AlGaN/GaN microstructures in stretchable geometric patterns. We have investigated dependence of Al incorporation, lateral/sidewall growth profile and electrical properties of SAE heterostructures on Al/Ga source ratio and mask material. We observe higher Al incorporation along with improvement in heterointerface between the SAE layers with an increase in Al to Ga ratio. AlGaN composition, crystal quality and electrical properties of SAE AlGaN/GaN microstructures are shown to be affected by the choice of mask material. Low resistivity in the range of 0.12–0.35 mΩ cm was measured in these heterostructures. Two terminal current–voltage measurements showed 3–5× higher current density in SAE AlGaN/GaN microstructure devices compared to conventional planar High electron mobility transistor (HEMT). A detailed secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiling on SAE structures showed dependency of unintentional n-type dopants on the mask material.

Field of study: Materials science
Translational control of insulin biosynthesis. Evidence for regulation of elongation, initiation and signal-recognition-particle-mediated translational arrest by glucose.

The biosynthesis of insulin in the islets of Langerhans is strongly controlled at the translational level by glucose. We have used a variety of experimental approaches in efforts to dissect the mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of glucose. To assess its effects on rates of peptide-chain elongation, isolated rat islets were labelled with [3H]leucine at different glucose concentrations in the presence or absence of low concentrations of cycloheximide. Under these conditions, at glucose concentrations up to 5.6 mM, endogenous insulin mRNA did not become rate-limiting for the synthesis of insulin, whereas stimulation of non-insulin protein synthesis was abolished by cycloheximide at all glucose concentrations, indicating either that insulin synthesis is selectively regulated at the level of elongation at glucose concentrations up to 5.6 mM, or that at these concentrations inactive insulin mRNA is transferred to an actively translating pool. Glucose-induced changes in the intracellular distribution of insulin mRNA in cultured islets were assessed by subcellular fractionation and blot-hybridization using insulin cDNA probes. At glucose concentrations above 3.3 mM, cytoplasmic insulin mRNA was increasingly transferred to fractions co-sedimenting with ribosomes, and relatively more of the ribosome-associated insulin mRNA became membrane-associated, consistent with effects of glucose above 3.3 mM on both the initiation of insulin mRNA and SRP (signal recognition particle)-mediated transfer of cytosolic nascent preproinsulin to the endoplasmic reticulum. When freshly isolated islets were homogenized and incubated with 125I-Tyr-tRNA, run-off incorporation of 125I into preproinsulin was increased by prior incubation of the islets at 16.7 mM-glucose. The addition of purified SRP receptor increased the run-off incorporation of [125I]iodotyrosine into preproinsulin, especially when the islets had been preincubated at 16.7 mM-glucose. These findings taken together suggest that glucose may stimulate elongation rates of nascent preproinsulin at concentrations up to 5.6 mM, stimulates initiation of protein synthesis involving both insulin and non-insulin mRNA at concentrations above 3.3 mM, and increases the transfer of initiated insulin mRNA molecules from the cytoplasm to microsomal membranes by an SRP-mediated mechanism that involves the modification of interactions between SRP and its receptor.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Research Propositions for Knowledge Management Systems Supporting it Outsourcing Relationships

With changing business environments, the locus of value creation is no longer within the boundaries of a single firm, but occurs instead at the nexus of relationships between parties. With the growing importance of pooling knowledge resources, knowledge management will have to transcend organizational boundaries. Based on current research literature, this paper develops research propositions to study causal aspects of knowledge management systems supporting IT outsourcing relationships. Perspectives from the research literature applied in this paper include knowledge transfer, strategic intent, knowledge management technology stages, intangible assets, resource-based theory, vendor value proposition, value shop, and knowledge strategy.

Field of study: Computer science
Integrated System for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimation (ISABLE) using a ceilometer and microwave radiometer

Accurate boundary-layer structure and height are critical in analyzing the features of air pollutants as well as the local circulation. Although surface-based remote sensing instruments give high temporal resolution of the boundary-layer structure, there were many uncertainties in determining the accurate atmospheric boundary-layer heights (ABLHs). In this study, an algorithm for an integrated system for ABLH estimation (ISABLE) was developed and applied to the vertical profile data obtained by a ceilometer and microwave radiometer in Seoul City, Korea. A maximum of 19 ABLHs were calculated by the conventional time-variance, gradient, wavelet, and clustering methods using the backscatter coefficient data. Meanwhile, several stable boundary layer heights were extracted by the near-surface inversion and environmental lapse rate methods using potential temperature data. The ISABLE algorithm could find an optimal ABLH from post-processing including k-means clustering and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) techniques. It is found that the ABLH determined by ISABLE exhibited larger correlation coefficients and smaller absolute bias and root mean square errors between the radiosonde-derived ABLHs than those obtained by most conventional methods. Clear skies showed higher daytime ABLH than cloudy skies, and the daily maximum ABLH was recorded in spring due to the stronger radiation. The ABLHs estimated by ISABLE are expected to contribute to the parameterization of vertical diffusion in the atmospheric boundary layer and in understanding the severe smog/haze events that arise from by fumigation during the ABL evolution period.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Lie-theoretic construction of representations of the degenerate affine and double affine Hecke algebras of type $BC_n$

Let G=GL(N), K=GL(p)xGL(q), where p+q=N, and n be a positive integer. We construct a functor from the category of Harish-Chandra modules for the pair (G,K) to the category of representations of the degenerate affine Hecke algebra of type B_n, and a functor from the category of K-monodromic twisted D-modules on G/K to the category of representations of the degenerate double affine Hecke algebra of type BC_n; the second functor is an extension of the first one. These functors are generalizations of the type A functors from q-alg/9710037 and math/0702670, respectively.

Field of study: Mathematics
Predictive Risk Factors for Fear of Hypoglycemia and Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

To explore the fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and anxiety-related emotional disorders and their risk factors among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 adolescents (aged 13-18 years; 92 males, 95 females) with T1DM at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2013 to February 2014. The participants were interviewed using FOH and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) scales.  Females had significantly higher scores on all FOH and SCARED subscales compared to males. The mean scores for many subscales of FOH and SCARED were higher in the older age group (16-18 years), in those under multiple-dose injection (MDI) treatment (compared with the insulin pump treatment), and in those with a longer duration of T1DM. Similarly, significant differences were observed in those with high frequencies of hypoglycemia, passing out, hypoglycemia while asleep and awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school. Regression analysis revealed that higher age, female gender, MDI treatment, longer duration of T1DM, higher frequencies of hypoglycemia, passing out, hypoglycemia while asleep and awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school were the risk factors associated with the majority of the FOH and SCARED subscales. The behavior of the FOH subscale correlated with all the subscales of SCARED except the subscale of generalized anxiety disorder. Similarly, the FOH subscale of worry significantly correlated with all the subscales of SCARED.  The strongest determinants of higher risk for the majority of the FOH and SCARED subscales were higher age, female gender, MDI treatment, longer duration of T1DM, higher frequency of hypoglycemia, passing out due to hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia while asleep and awake, and hypoglycemia in front of friends and at school.

Field of study: Medicine
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of anti-digoxin antibodies.

The Fab fragments of several monoclonal antibodies that bind digoxin and other cardiac glycosides have been screened for crystallization conditions. We have crystallized two of these in forms suitable for X-ray analysis. The anti-digoxin antibody 40-50 in complex with ouabain crystallizes with symmetry consistent with space group C2, with a = 92.6, b = 85.0, c = 73.0 A and beta = 131.7 degrees. This crystal form shows considerable non-isomorphism between crystals. A second anti-digoxin antibody, 49-10, crystallizes with symmetry consistent with space group P2(1)2(1)2, with a = 95.3, b = 147.1 and c = 76.2 A.

Field of study: Chemistry
Victorious rebels and postwar politics

Why do victorious rebels sometimes form powerful postwar political parties and other times collapse into weak, factionalized organizations? This paper examines cases of rebel victories in civil wars in Africa and traces the links between war duration, the extent of external intervention, and whether or not the war was fought in a compact area with the nature of the postwar political parties. It argues that protracted wars in confined territory with little external assistance have different organizational legacies than quick wars fought over expansive territory with significant international involvement. Four cases – Uganda, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Libya – are used to illustrate the argument.

Field of study: History, Sociology
The alphaphone - - a method for measuring thin-film absorption at laser wavelengths.

A sensitive infrasonic method for measuring the absorption of thin films at laser wavelengths has been demonstrated. A fraction of the heat absorbed from the beam by the film passes through a thin layer of gas to the back wall of the Alphaphone, while the remaining absorbed energy heats the supporting window. The gas temperature and pressure rise is then measured with a capacitance microphone. Sensitivity as great as 1.5 x 10(-7) absorption per surface could be achieved with 10 W input by allowing irradiation to continue until the window is saturated with heat. However, the waiting time for saturation even with thin windows would be about 5 min, and with lock-on amplifier demodulation the total measurement time would be several hours. If the chopping speed is increased to 1.5 sec for irradiation and 1.5 sec for cooling, adequate sensitivity of 10(-4) absorption with a signal-to-noise ratio of 9 is achieved with a total measurement time of 1 min. The samples we tested were KRS-5 substrates coated with layers one quarter-wave thick at 10.6 microm. One sample was a single layer of calcium fluoride. Other samples had a layer of zinc sulfide over a binder layer of thorium fluoride. The instrument may be calibrated absolutely with a thin-film heater described large as several percent.

Field of study: Physics