nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and geochemistry of Putnam-Nashoba terrane metavolcanic and plutonic rocks, eastern Massachusetts: Constraints on the early Paleozoic evolution of eastern North America

The Nashoba Block, the northern portion of the Putnam-Nashoba terrane, is a fault-bounded fragment of Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic crust located in eastern Massachusetts. The Marlboro and Nashoba gneisses of the Putnam-Nashoba terrane are composed of a sequence of mafic, intermediate, and felsic volcanic, volcanogenic, and probable plutonic rocks. This sequence was intruded by plutons ranging in composition from granite to gabbro. Major and trace element data for the Marlboro and Nashoba gneisses and some of the granitic plutons are consistent with formation in a calc-alkaline arc setting; some of the later granitic plutons are probably the result of crustal anatexis. The gabbroic plutons are slightly alkaline. U-Pb zircon age determinations for the Marlboro and Nashoba gneisses indicate ages ranging from 584 ± 8 to 425 ± 2 Ma, but most are in the range 473 to 430 Ma. These ages indicate that significant arc volcanism occurred during Late Ordovician and Silurian time in an ocean basin separating Laurentia and Avalonia as Avalonia progressed toward its eventual collision with and accretion to Laurentia. A metamorphic and deformational event, interpreted to record the docking of the Putnam-Nashoba terrane (volcanic arc) with Laurentia as the Boston–Rhode Island terrane (Avalonian fragment) impinged upon it, is constrained by a 425 ± 3 Ma monazite age for the Fish Brook gneiss and the ca. 390 Ma ages of the Straw Hollow diorite and Salem gabbro-diorite. These mildly alkaline mafic plutons, which intrude the Putnam-Nashoba terrane and the Boston–Rhode Island terrane, respectively, are members of a group of roughly contemporaneous intrusions that yield ages from 430 ± 5 to 385 ± 10 Ma. The ages and chemical similarity of these intrusions support the interpretation that the two terranes were proximal to each other by Early Silurian to Late Devonian time. The 360 ± 9 Ma syntectonic, peraluminous Andover Granite and the 349 ± 4 Ma calc-alkaline phase of the Indian Head Hill granite indicates additional igneous activity in Early Mississippian time. Later metamorphism of rocks of the Putnam-Nashoba terrane was presumably due to changing pressure-temperature conditions during oblique overthrusting and subsequent unroofing of the Putnam-Nashoba terrane during tectonic shuffling of the accreted Nashoba and Boston–Rhode Island terranes outboard of the Laurentian margin during the approach and collision of Gondwana. An important event was the migmatization of the Fort Pond and Beaver Brook members of the Nashoba gneisses about 340 Ma.

Field of study: Geology
Alcohol use disorder masks the effects of childhood adversity, lifetime trauma, and chronic stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity.

Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those who have experienced traumas or chronic stress exhibit dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Whether and how trauma and stress histories interact with AUD to affect HPA axis reactivity has not been assessed.



In the present study, 26 healthy male controls and 70 abstinent men with AUD were administered a pharmacologic probe [ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH)] and psychosocial stressor to assess HPA axis reactivity. Plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were assessed every 10-20 minutes. Hierarchical clustering of multiple measures of trauma and stress identified 3 distinct clusters: childhood adversity, lifetime trauma, and chronic stress. General linear model procedures were used to examine main effects of group (AUD/control) and interaction effects of the 3 clusters upon net-integrated ACTH and cortisol response.



We found that higher levels of childhood adversity, lifetime trauma, and chronic stress were each associated with blunted oCRH-induced ACTH reactivity in controls, but not in the AUD group. Recent chronic stress within the prior 6 months had the strongest influence upon ACTH reactivity in the control group, and lifetime trauma, the least.



Childhood adversity, lifetime trauma, and chronic stress likely exert persistent, measurable effects upon HPA axis functioning in healthy controls. This association appears to be masked in individuals with AUD, potentially confounding studies examining the effects of stress, adversity, and/or trauma upon the HPA axis in this population during the protracted withdrawal phase of recovery. Future work targeting stress exposure and reactivity should consider the heightened effect of previous alcohol use relative to past adversity and trauma.

Field of study: Medicine
Dentro de la ley, todo. La justicia criminal de Buenos Aires en la etapa formativa del sistema penal moderno de la Argentina (review)

grounded their call for social and economic justice in the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, while Flores Magon's PLM cited natural law and Karl Marx. Both blamed the disruption of social harmony on modern industrial capitalism (associated primarily with Anglo-Saxon civilization), which enslaved the worker, denigrated the Indian, and sacrificed the common good (however defined) to individual gain.

Field of study: History
Serotonin (5-HT) Transport in Human Platelets is Modulated by Src-Catalysed Tyr-Phosphorylation of the Plasma Membrane Transporter SERT

platelets possess tightly regulated systems for serotonin (5-HT) transport. This study analysed whether the 5-HT transport mediated by the plasma-membrane transporter SERT is regulated by its Tyr-phosphorylation.  5-HT transport was determined by filtration techniques, while immunoblotting procedures were adopted for detecting the Tyr-phosphorylation of SERT in human platelet fractions.  5-HT accumulation in platelets pre-treated with reserpine, which prevents the neurotransmitter transport into the dense granules, decreased upon cellular exposure to PP2 and SU6656, two structurally unrelated inhibitors of Src-kinases. By contrast, the protein Tyr-phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate increased the 5-HT accumulation. Anti-SERT immunostaining of the platelet fractions showed a major band displaying an apparent molecular mass of 50 κDa, indicating that, during the analytical procedure, SERT underwent proteolysis, which was counteracted by addition of 4 M urea in the cellular disrupting medium. The Tyr-phosphorylation degree of SERT immunoprecipitated from membrane extracts decreased by platelet treatment with SU6656 or PP2, and enhanced upon pervanadate treatment. The anti-SERT immunoprecipitates displayed anti-Src immunostaining and in vitro kinase activity towards a Src-specific peptide-substrate. Platelet treatment with PP2 or SU6656 also caused a decrease in the imipramine binding to platelets. It was concluded that the Src-mediated SERT Tyr-phosphorylation regulates the 5-HT transport by affecting the neurotransmitter binding sites.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Epoxy derivatives of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. The synthesis of dibenz[a,c]anthracene 10,11-oxide and its metabolism by rat liver preparations.

The synthesis of dibenz[a,c]anthracene 10,11-oxide is described. The oxide was unstable and was rapidly decomposed with cold mineral acid into a mixture of 10- and 11- hydroxydibenz[a,c]anthracene. The oxide was converted by rat liver microsomal preparations and homogenates into a product that is probably 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxydibenz[a,c]anthracene and which was identical with the metabolite formed when dibenz[a,c]anthracene was metabolized by rat liver homogenates. The oxide did not react either chemically or enzymically with GSH. 10,11-Dihydrodibenz[a,c]anthracene and 10,11-dihydrodibenz[a,c]anthracene 12,13-oxide were both metabolized by rat liver preparations into trans-10,11,12,13-tetrahydro-10,11-dihydroxydibenz[a,c] anthracene and the oxide was converted chemically into this dihydroxy compound, and it reacted chemically but not enzymically with GSH. In the alkylation of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, the ;K-region' epoxide, dibenz[a,h]anthracene 5,6-oxide, was more active than either dibenz[a,c]anthracene 10,11-oxide or 10,11-dihydrobenz[a,c]anthracene 12,13-oxide.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
A Bayesian approach to developing a stochastic mortality model for China

Stochastic mortality models have a wide range of applications. They are particularly important for analysing Chinese mortality, which is subject to rapid and uncertain changes. However, owing to data‐related problems, stochastic modelling of Chinese mortality has not been given adequate attention. We attempt to use a Bayesian approach to model the evolution of Chinese mortality over time, taking into account all of the problems associated with the data set. We build on the Gaussian state space formulation of the Lee–Carter model, introducing new features to handle the missing data points, to acknowledge the fact that the data are obtained from different sources and to mitigate the erratic behaviour of the parameter estimates that arises from the data limitations. The approach proposed yields stochastic mortality forecasts that are in line with both the trend and the variation of the historical observations. We further use simulated pseudodata sets with resembling limitations to validate the approach. The validation result confirms our approach's success in dealing with the limitations of the Chinese mortality data.

Field of study: Mathematics
Eine spektroskopische Bestätigung der Bohrschen Besetzungszahlen bei Cäsium

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit enthält eine kurze für praktische Zwecke eingerichtete und auf relativistische Rechnung erweiterte Formulierung des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Spektum eines Atoms und dem in ihm wirksamen Zentralkraftfeld. Die Ergebnisse der Berechnung des Cäsium- und Magnesiumbogenspektrums werden mitgeteilt. Es wird gezeigt, wie man den spektroskopisch erschlossenen Abschirmungsverlauf mit Hilfe eines Ersatzmodells deuten kann und daß die Zusammensetzung dieses Modells in notwendiger Übereinstimmung mit den Bohrschen Vorstellungen über die Besetzungszahlen der Atombahnen ist.

Field of study: Physics
Bemerkung über die Eigenfunktionen des Kugelkreisels in der Quantenmechanik

ZusammenfassungDie von Reiche und Rademacher angegebenen Eigenfunktionen des Kugelkreisels u (ϑ ψ ϕ) entsprechen den ganzen rationalen Lösungen geraden Grades der vierdimensionalen Potentialgleichung Δ V=0.

Field of study: Physics
Subthreshold conduction in short-channel polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors

A model that characterizes the subthreshold regime and the threshold voltage of a short-channel polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (poly-Si TFT) is developed and supported experimentally. The subthreshold variations with gate and drain voltages are reported and a stronger drain voltage dependence is observed. The subthreshold swing is calculated and its variation with channel length and doping concentration is studied. The results are compared with the available experimental data and a good match is found. The temperature dependence of subthreshold swing and drain current is also shown. The channel length dependent proposed threshold voltage shows excellent agreement with experimental data.

Field of study: Materials science
Synthesis of novel polyarylates based adamantane via phase transfer catalysis

Polymers containing adamantane moieties are a kind of high performance materials.This work concentrates primarily on the synthesis and properties of polyarylates based adamantane.New adamantylhydroxybenzene monomers, 4-(1-adamantyl)-1,3-benzenediol(ADRL) and 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) adamantane (BHAD) were synthesized from adamantane and characterized by means of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis.Novel polyarylates (P1,P2) were synthesized from terephthalyl chloride and ADRL, BHAD as diphenols by aqueous/organic two-phase interfacial polycondensation, using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as phase transfer catalyzer.The synthesized polyarylates containing adamantane moieties were amorphous, and dissolved in a variety of solvents such as DMSO, NMP, DMF and DEC.The thermal properties were measured by DSC and TG.The results showed that glass transition temperatures were respectively 214℃(P1) and 189℃(P2).The 10% mass loss temperatures of polyarylates were above 400℃.Investigation of reaction conditions revealed that BHAD was easier to dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution and obtain high molecular weight polyarylates than ADRL under the same conditions.Inherent viscosities were measured in NMP at 30℃.The maximum inherent viscosities of P1 and P2 were 43 ml·g-1 and 76 ml·g-1, respectively.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The Research and Design of the Peeling Chestnut Peng Machine

In order to peel the barbed fresh chestnut, the peeling chestnut Peng machine is designed. At present, peeling chestnut Peng machine has very shortcomings such as can not classify the Chinese chestnut from outside the barbed Peng and Peng is not completely cleaned, so a new peeling chestnut Peng machine is designed. Peeling the barbed Peng can be completed automatically through friction between roller and the curved tile plate, then separated the barbed Peng and the chestnut peeled Peng and classified the chestnut peeled Peng according size by 3-layer vibrating sieve. The peeled chestnut Peng machine volume is small, the structure is compact, the energy consumption is low, and the efficiency is high. Then the peeled chestnut Peng experiment is done, the results show that the machine works smoothly, the barbed Peng and the chestnut peeled barbed Peng is separated completely.

Field of study: Engineering
Nothing Changes, Really: Why Women Who Break Through the Glass Ceiling End Up Reinforcing It

Two correlational studies conducted in Switzerland (N = 222) and Albania (N = 156) explained the opposition of female managers to gender quotas by examining the origins and consequences of the “Queen Bee (QB)-phenomenon,” whereby women who have been successful in male-dominated organizations do not support the advancement of junior women. Results disconfirm previous accounts of the QB-phenomenon as indicating competitiveness among women. Instead, the tendency of women managers to consider themselves as different from other women, and their opposition to gender quotas, emerged when junior women were addressed but not when they considered their direct competitors, other women managers. Personal sacrifices women managers reported having made for career success predicted self-distancing from junior women and opposition to gender quotas targeting these women. We provide a more nuanced picture of what the QB-response is really about, explaining why women managers oppose quotas for junior women, while supporting quotas for women in the same rank.

Field of study: Psychology
Reaction of Ethyl 5-Substituted-2-furoylmalonates with Secondary Amines

In situ prepared magnesium salts of ethyl malonate react with 5-X-2-furoyl chlorides (X = Br, NO 2 , C 6 H 5 S and C 6 H 5 SO 2 ) to give the corresponding ethyl 5-X-2-furoylmalonates. On treatment of these compounds with secondary amines no nucleophilic substitution of the group X in position 5 of the furan nucleus took place but, instead, amides of 5-X-2-furancarboxylic acids were isolated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Impact of Cr-poisoning on the conductivity of different LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 cathode microstructures

The microstructure of porous LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 (LNF) layers has a significant influence on the degree of the Cr-poisoning impact. The increase in the in-plane resistance and Cr accumulation in poisoned LNF-layers has been correlated with microstructural features. The Cr-poisoning impact is more severe in the case of a microstructure characterized by finer particles, higher porosity and larger particle surface area.

Field of study: Materials science
Application of SOA in College Credits Mutual Recognition Information Integration Platform

Along with the development of colleges and universities,universities generally have carried out various forms of credit system,the practice has proved for mutual recognition between school credits,credits the establishment of transfer system,for our country the talent training mode and foreign standards has the significant role of SOA.First based on the software development methods,proposes establishing a SOA to design the ideas and method based on campus network environment of college credits mutual recognition management system.

Field of study: Computer science
The Innovation System on Health Public Service: A Case Study of Posyandu in Makassar, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to identify the dynamic development of the national, cross-departmental, and complex program of Integrated Health Service Post or called Posyandu in Indonesian. By using the innovation system approach, this paper aims to view this program in terms of the involved actors, the linkages between the actors, and the possible knowledge sharing and diffusion. The main result from this study is that there is a dynamic and multi-relationship between actors engaged directly and indirectly to this program. In sum, there is a critical suggestions found to improve Posyandu program within the future.

Field of study: Business
Exploration on Improving Teaching Efficiency of Experiment of College Physical via Computer Assisted Instruction

Aiming at the normal appearance in teaching of College Physical Experiment, such as difficulty of message publishing, inadequacy of preview supervise and unsatisfactory of experiment effect, on the one hand, in order to improve the teaching quality, establishes the experiment managing system of college physical to guide and superintend students' study from several aspects as follows: experiment plan, experiment preview, experiment checking attendance, experiment classroom management and experiment data handling. On the other hand, also provides efficient data processing environment for students via MatLab to strengthen the further understanding and acknowledge of relation experiment theory.

Field of study: Computer science
Mean weight behavior of the FXAFA LMS algorithm

In this correspondence, the recently proposed filtered-X adaptive filtering with averaging (FXAFA) algorithm is analyzed. This adaptive algorithm is aimed at applications of active control of noise and vibration. The FXAFA least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is a member of the family of filtered-X LMS (FXLMS) algorithms; thus, its stochastic analysis must be carried out without invoking the independence assumption. This fact is shown here by deriving an analytical model for the mean behavior of the adaptive filter weights. It is also shown that both FXAFA and FXLMS algorithms have the same steady-state value of the adaptive weight vector. Monte Carlo simulations verify the accuracy of the theoretical model here derived.

Field of study: Engineering
On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars

Repulsive interactions between neutrons in compact stellar cores cause luminosity and a steady outflow of hydrogen from stellar surfaces. Neutron repulsion in more massive compact objects made by gravitational collapse produces violent, energetic, cosmological events (quasars, gamma ray bursts, and active galactic centers) that had been attributed to black holes before neutron repulsion was recognized. Rather than evolving in one direction by fusion, nuclear matter on the cosmological scale cycles between fusion, gravitational collapse, and dissociation (including neutron-emission). This cycle involves neither the production of matter in an initial “Big Bang” nor the disappearance of matter into black holes. The similarity Bohr noted between atomic and planetary structures extends to a similarity between nuclear and stellar structures.

Field of study: Physics
Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the transcriptional inhibitory antibody Fab41.4.

The binding of transcription factor ATF-1 to DNA contributes to gene expression and regulation of cell growth. Antibody Mab41.4, raised against ATF-1, and its derivatives Fab41.4 and scFv41.4 inhibit specific DNA binding in vitro and induce apoptotic death of tumor cells in vivo. Structural studies of Fab41.4 were performed to gain insight into the mechanism of action of this potentially therapeutic antibody. The optimal conditions for crystallization of Fab41.4 were determined. Crystals were needle-like in appearance, displayed C2 space-group symmetry and diffracted to a resolution of 1.6 A. The unit-cell parameters were determined to be a = 186.64, b = 40.22, c = 55.58 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 96.93 degrees. The data set was 97.7% complete. Molecular replacement was performed, resulting in an R value of 44.6%.

Field of study: Chemistry
SIMULATION OF COMBINED FLUIDIZED BED FOR PRODUCING TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

In this paper, a model is developed to describe the behavior of combined fluidized bed for producing titanium tetrachloride.The combined fluidized bed, which consists of a riser and a turbulent bed at least, is an innovative reactor and can be used as the reactor of gas-solid reaction to avoid agglomeration and enhance mass and heat transfer rate.In this model, a one-dimensional model with axial dispersion is used to describe turbulent bed, and particle size distribution is determined by a population balance model.It is found that coke can not burn to provide heat unless the temperature exceeds the autogenous ignition temperature (about 873 K).High-grade titania feedstock is mainly chloridized in the turbulent bed.Furthermore, a rise of the initial concentration of oxygen can increase the conversion of high-grade titania feedstock, but this increase tends to level off when the initial concentration of oxygen is higher than 3.0 mol·m -3 .There is an infeasible operating area where the heat balance of reactor can not be achieved between 973 K and 1373 K when the initial concentration of oxygen and chlorine is lower than a certain value.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Key role of macrophages in hypotensive side effects of immunoglobulin preparations. Studies in an animal model.

Intravenous administration of certain immunoglobulin preparations may cause severe adverse reactions, especially in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients. Because the exact mechanism of the adverse reactions is still unknown, we investigated the severe, prolonged hypotension induced in anaesthetized rats on rapid i.v. infusion of standard immunoglobulin preparations. The hypotensive response was previously shown to be associated with IgG aggregates in the preparations but independent of complement activation. We found that the hypotension could be prevented by treating the rats with a specific receptor antagonist of platelet-activating factor; or by depletion of the macrophages of the rats; or by pretreatment with monomeric IgG. This provided evidence that the hypotension is initiated by interaction of IgG-aggregates with Fc-receptors on macrophages, leading to the production of platelet-activating factor. We conclude that the rat model provides a sensitive and reproducible test system for macrophage-activating properties of immunoglobulin preparations for i.v. administration which may lead to vasoactive side effects.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine