nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the anti-ferromagnetic transition in iron-based superconductorA_2Fe_4Se_5

With Monte Carlo methods, we systematically investigate the anti-ferromagnetic transition (AFM) in the new iron-based superconductor A2Fe4Se5 (A = K;Rb;Cs; Tl) with\sqrt{5} * \sqrt{5} vacancy order, using the extended J1 - J2 model. Combing the parallel tempering technique and short-time dynamic approach, new method for the determination of the ground state, transition temperature, and static and dynamic critical exponents is developed. Taking case 1 as an example, the experimental observed block checkerboard state (BCS) is confirmed as the ground state, and a high transition temperature is identified, almost three times as large as that in case 2, corresponding to other-type iron-based superconductors. Based on the short-time dynamic scaling form, we accurately determine static and dynamic exponents for both case 1 and case 2, in comparison with those of 2D Ising model. The result indicates that case 1 belongs to 2D Ising universality class, while case 2 belongs to Suzuki's weak universality. Further analysis is performed, starting from a simpler example without n:n:n interactions, called case 3. Under the block mapping and topological transformation, an equivalence relation is revealed between the extended J1-J2 model and bathroom-tile Ising model. With this, all of the results can be understood.

Field of study: Physics
Conservation value of timber quality versus associated non-timber quality stands for understory diversity in Nothofagus forests

Conservation strategies of forested landscapes must consider biodiversity of the included site types, i.e. timber-quality forests and associated non-timber-quality stands. The objectives were to characterize forest overstory structure in timber-quality versus associated non-timber-quality stands; and to compare their understory communities. Six forest types were sampled in Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina): two timber-quality N. pumilio forests, and four associated non-timber-quality stands (edge, N. antarctica, wetlands and streamside forests). Overstory structure and understory vegetation (species richness, frequencies, cover and biomass) were characterized during spring and summer seasons. Analysis of variance and multivariates were carried out. Overstory structure differed across the site types, with higher tree size, canopy closure and tree volume in timber-quality stands. Fifty-one understory plant species were observed, but understory variables varied with site types, especially wetlands (highest native and exotic richness, cover and biomass, and 25% of exclusive species). Site types were grouped in three: N. antarctica stands, streamside stands and the other N. pumilio forests according to multivariate analysis. Forty three percent of plants were distributed in all site types, and all timber-quality forest understory species were present in some associated non-timber-quality stands. Timber-quality N. pumilio forests have a marginal value for understory conservation compared to associated non-timber-quality stands, because these last include all the plants observed in timber-quality forests and also possess many exclusive species. Therefore, protection of associated non-timber-quality stands during forest management planning could increase understory conservation at landscape level, and these could be better reserves of understory diversity than retentions of timber-quality stands.

Field of study: Environmental science
Duloxetine Hydrochloride-Induced Oral Lichenoid Reaction: A Case Report

To report the first case of duloxetine hydrochloride (DH)-induced oral lichenoid drug reaction (OLDR).  A 57-year-old male patient presented with painful ulcerative lesions on the bilateral buccal mucosa of 2-year duration. The patient was on multiple drug therapy for his systemic ailments. After thorough evaluation for possible medical ailments and with the physician's consent, withdrawal of DH was done. The oral lesions were resolved after 2 weeks.  In this case, DH induced OLDR.

Field of study: Medicine
Diffusion Adaptation Strategies for Distributed Estimation Over Gaussian Markov Random Fields

The aim of this paper is to propose diffusion strategies for distributed estimation over adaptive networks, assuming the presence of spatially correlated measurements distributed according to a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model. The proposed methods incorporate prior information about the statistical dependency among observations, while at the same time processing data in real time and in a fully decentralized manner. A detailed mean-square analysis is carried out in order to prove stability and evaluate the steady-state performance of the proposed strategies. Finally, we also illustrate how the proposed techniques can be easily extended in order to incorporate thresholding operators for sparsity recovery applications. Numerical results show the potential advantages of using such techniques for distributed learning in adaptive networks deployed over GMRF.

Field of study: Engineering
Protective Effect of Spironolactone on Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in HUVECs via Notch Pathway

Fibrosis results in excessive buildup of extracellular matrix proteins along with abnormalities in structure and is partly derived by a process involving transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) called endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We investigated whether the aldosterone receptor-blocker spironolactone could abrogate TGF-β-induced fibrosis in EndMT and the underlying mechanism.  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into 5 groups for treatment: blank; vehicle control; TGF-β (10 ng/ml); spironolactone (1 μM)+TGF-β; and spironolactone+TGF-β+DAPT (10 μM). Cell chemotaxis was assayed by transwell assay. The expression of CD31 and vimentin was determined by Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Notch1 protein level was detected by western blot analysis.  Spironolactone significantly prevented TGF-β-stimulated EndMT by down-regulate vimentin and up-regulate CD31 in HUVECs (p<0.01).It inhibited cell migration during EndMT (p<0.01). The protective effect of spironolactone against EndMT could be attenuated by blocking the Notch signal pathway with DAPT (p<0.01). Notch signaling was activated and cross-interacted with TGF-β and spironolactone in regulating EndMT in HUVECs and reversed the spironolactone-related signaling by abrogating the antifibrotic actions with decreased Notch1 protein expression (p<0.01).  Spironolactone may have a protective role in TGF-β-induced EndMT in HUVECs mediated by the Notch signal pathway.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Stem cell therapies for acute spinal cord injury in humans: a review.

Recent advances in stem cell biology present significant opportunities to advance clinical applications of stem cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, the authors critically analyze the basic science and translational evidence that supports the use of various stem cell sources, including induced pluripotent stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They subsequently explore recent advances in stem cell biology and discuss ongoing clinical translation efforts, including combinatorial strategies utilizing scaffolds, biogels, and growth factors to augment stem cell survival, function, and engraftment. Finally, the authors discuss the evolution of stem cell therapies for SCI by providing an overview of completed (n = 18) and ongoing (n = 9) clinical trials.

Field of study: Medicine
Volunteer tourism, endangered species conservation, and aboriginal culture shock

We investigated the impact of ecological conservation volunteer tourism on aboriginal culture and ecological conservation. We present herein a case of green sea turtle conservation volunteer tourism at Orchid Island, Taiwan. We used field observations and in-depth interviews with semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires to collect data. Data and method triangulation approaches were adopted to ensure the reliability of the results. We presented that cultural changes resulting from volunteer tourism threaten the survival of endangered species. In addition, the failure of the market incentive mechanism and dysfunctional internal communication within the conservation organization, two issues that have not been reported in previous studies, can guide future studies on volunteer tourism and ecological conservation. We also provided practical recommendations for Orchid Island green sea turtle conservation, i.e., the combination of traditional and modern ecological methods, and the consideration of local norms and taboos during organizational planning. The planning and implementing of conservation activity that respects local customs fosters the support of the local people. Finally, implementing the locals’ initial ecological conservation mechanisms can prevent the conservation activity from causing an undesirable threat to the conserved species.

Field of study: Environmental science
J链的分子特性及其生物学功能的研究进展

人呼吸道和胃肠道的黏膜表面占人体总黏膜表面的很大比例,它很容易受到病原体和毒性物质的侵袭.黏膜表面是机体抵御外源微生物侵袭的第一道防线.它不仅可以拥有黏液层,而且黏膜固有层的浆细胞可以产生和运输抗体,主要是分泌型IgA(SIgA)和IgM(SIgM).分泌型抗体可以为黏膜层提供获得性免疫保护[1]。

Field of study: Biology
Substation Intellignent Patrolling System Design and Application

To improve the reliability and safety of the electrical equipments in substations,to enhance the ability of monitoring equipments,to reach the aim of patrolling standardization and intelligentization,proposed substation intelligent patrolling system uses technologies of the Reusable Controls Development,the Graphic Driving Interface Designing,the Visiting and Controlling Model based on equipment module and the Laser Identification.This system has the functions of the Intelligent Patrolling Plan,the Close loop Patrolling Process Controlling,the Speedy Patrolling Data Transmission,the Patrolling Status Enquiry,the Equipment Performance Analysis,the detailed Patrolling Help,etc.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Some analytical solutions for the advection-dispersion equation

In this paper the parallel plate and cylindrical geometry are considered to model contaminant transport in a main fracture surrounded by a two-dimensional rock matrix. The transformation group theoretical approach is applied to present some new analytical solutions for the advection-dispersion equation governing these models. The application of this approach reduces the number of independent variables, and consequently the governing equation is reduced to ordinary differential equations. The general analysis developed in this study corresponds to the case of parabolic manner of the velocity within the main fracture.

Field of study: Mathematics
Molecular electronics based on self-assembled monolayers

Since the first measurement of electron tunneling through an organic monolayer in 1971,(Mann and Kuhn, 1971) and the gedanken experiment of a molecular current rectifying diode in 1974,(Aviram and Ratner, 1974) molecular-scale electronics have attracted a growing interest, both for basic science at the nanoscale and for possible applications in nano-electronics. In the first case, molecules are quantum object by nature and their properties can be tailored by chemistry opening avenues for new experiments. In the second case, molecule-based devices are envisioned to complement silicon devices by providing new functions or already existing functions at a simpler process level and at a lower cost by virtue of their self-organization capabilities, moreover, they are not bound to von Neuman architecture and this may open the way to other architectural paradigms. After a brief overview of the nanofabrication of molecular devices, we review in this chapter, the electronic properties of several basic devices, from simple molecules such as molecular tunnel junctions and molecular wires, to more complex ones such as molecular rectifying diodes, molecular switches and memories.

Field of study: Physics
The Teaching of American Literature

IN A Phi Beta Kappa oration delivered in I837, Ralph Waldo Emerson is credited with opening the campaign for American intellectual independence when he maintained that America should stand on her own feet in the field of literature as well as in the field of government. He protested against the American writers' habit of imitating British writers, and remarked that an attitude of apology with reference to one's achievements did not become "man thinking" on either side of the Atlantic. Emerson's common-sense arguments have been quoted frequently during the ensuing century, but the worth and importance of American literature are still a subject of controversy. Although most thinking people agree that the United States long ago came of age in literature, many still maintain that English literature so far surpasses American literature in quality that the well-educated person needs to be familiar with the former only. Possibly those persons are responsible for the continued emphasis on English literature in the colleges and universities of this country. Opposing them are those who clamor vigorously for more courses in our native literature and who argue at length concerning the relative merits of the two literatures. Somehow, one has the feeling that many of the persons on each side of the argument have missed the most fundamental matter involved-that

Field of study: Education
Evaluating Methods to Estimate Corn Evapotranspiration from Short-time Interval Weather Data

Sensors and dataloggers routinely provide weather data at hourly or shorter intervals. These data may be used with models to estimate daily evapotranspiration (ET) by integration of the short-time interval measurements. Three such models were compared—one a canopy temperature energy balance approach (CTEB) and two variations of the Penman-Monteith equation (P-Ms and P-Mw). In the P-Ms approach, a canopy resistance term based on sunlit stomatal resistance and canopy leaf area index was used. The P-Mw model used a weighted canopy resistance term based on stomatal resistance and leaf area index of sunlit and shaded foliage fractions. Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) measurements of ET from a corn crop were compared to ET estimated by each model. On the average, model estimates were 10 to 13% higher than BREB values. As indicated by several indices, the performance of CTEB was better than the P-M models for 20-min intervals and daily ET rates. Results of the application of atmospheric stability corrections on the overall performance of the models were inconsistent. All models tracked the diurnal fluctuation of ET except under moderate to high wind conditions. All models agreed more closely with BREB when intervals with wind speed greater than 2 m s–1 were excluded. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed. No difference was found between P-Ms and P-Mw to justify the extra input data and calculation requirements of the latter approach.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Self-Regulated Learning: The Role of Environmental Perceptions and Motivational Beliefs

To examine the correlations among environmental perceptions, motivational beliefs, and self-regulated learning of Tehran third-year high school boys based on a proposed model, multistage cluster-sampling method gave a sample of 685 students. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990), Students' Achievement Goal Orientations (Midgley, Kaplan, Middleton, Maehr, Urdan, Anderman, et al., 1998), Students' Perceptions of Classroom Activities (Gentry, Gable, & Rizza, 2002), and Perceptions of Parents Scales (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997) were administered. Analysis showed relations among components of self-regulated learning, family environmental perceptions, perceptions of classroom activities, and motivational beliefs. Structural equation modeling indicated the proposed model had an acceptable fit to the data. All paths or structural coefficients of the proposed model were statistically significant.

Field of study: Psychology
Integration of functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI in surgery for drug-resistant extratemporal epilepsy close to eloquent brain areas.

OBJECT
The authors performed a retrospective study to assess the impact of functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI (iMRI) on surgery of extratemporal epileptogenic lesions on postsurgical morbidity and seizure control.



Twenty-five patients (14 females and 11 males) underwent extratemporal resections for drug-resistant epilepsy close to speech/motor brain areas or adjacent to white matter tracts. The mean age at surgery was 34 years (range 12-67 years). The preoperative mean disease duration was 13.2 years. To avoid awake craniotomy, cortical motor-sensory representation was mapped during preoperative evaluation in 14 patients and speech representation was mapped in 15 patients using functional MRI. In addition, visualization of the pyramidal tract was performed in 11 patients, of the arcuate fascicle in 7 patients, and of the visual tract in 6 patients using diffusion tensor imaging. The mean minimum distance of tailored resection between the eloquent brain areas was 5.6 mm. During surgery, blood oxygen level-dependent imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data were integrated into neuronavigation and displayed through the operating microscope. The postoperative mean follow-up was 44.2 months.



In 20% of these patients, further intraoperative resection was performed because of intraoperatively documented residual lesions according to iMRI findings. At the end of resection, the final iMRI scans confirmed achievement of total resection of the putative epileptogenic lesion in all patients. Postoperatively, transient complications and permanent complications were observed in 20% and 12% of patients, respectively. Favorable postoperative seizure control (Engel Classes I and II) was achieved in 84% and seizure freedom in 72% of these consecutive surgical patients.



By using functional neuronavigation and iMRI for treatment of epileptogenic brain lesions, the authors achieved a maximum extent of resection despite the lesions' proximity to eloquent brain cortex and fiber tracts in all cases. The authors' results underline possible benefits of this technique leading to a favorable seizure outcome with acceptable neurological deficit rates in difficult-to-treat extratemporal epilepsy.

Field of study: Medicine
On nuclear coalescence in small interacting systems

The formation of light nuclei can be described as the coalescence of clusters of nucleons into nuclei. In the case of small interacting systems, such as dark matter and $e^+e^-$ annihilations or $pp$ collisions, the coalescence condition is often imposed only in momentum space and hence the size of the interaction region is neglected. On the other hand, in most coalescence models used for heavy ion collisions, the coalescence probability is controlled mainly by the size of the interaction region, while two-nucleon momentum correlations are either neglected or treated as collective flow. Recent experimental data from $pp$ collisions at LHC have been interpreted as evidence for such collective behaviour, even in small interacting systems. We argue that these data are naturally explained in the framework of conventional QCD inspired event generators when both two-nucleon momentum correlations and the size of the hadronic emission volume are taken into account. To include both effects, we employ a per-event coalescence model based on the Wigner function representation of the produced nuclei states. This model reproduces well the source size for baryon emission and the coalescence factor $B_2$ measured recently by the ALICE collaboration in $pp$ collisions.

Field of study: Physics
Experimental investigation on buoyancy-induced convection in aluminum metal foams

In this work, we studied the thermal performance of aluminum metal foams in buoyancy-induced convection. We investigated the effect of heat transfer performance on metal foam fins heated from below due to the use of different aspect-ratio. The samples used in the trial were characterized by a square base of 50 mm length and seven different heights, which ranged from 10 mm to 150 mm. The samples were made of aluminum metal foam characterized by 5 PPI and a porosity of 0.95. The analysis showed that the heat dissipation increased asymptotically with the height of the sample. The results also showed that the Darcy characteristic length should be not correlated to the sample height. A novel empirical correlation is proposed for the computation of Nusselt number as a function of Rayleigh and Darcy numbers, and a shape function η.

Field of study: Engineering
Optimization of Microphone Array Wall Mountings in Closed-Section Wind Tunnels

The objective of the present paper is to improve the implementation of microphone arrays on the wall of closed-section wind tunnels. A test campaign has been conducted in the ONERA F2 1.4 m × 1.8 m wind tunnel to investigate the performance of thin and smooth metallic clothes to protect the microphones from the hydrodynamic fluctuations in the turbulent boundary-layer flow and, still, to preserve the transmitted acoustic signal. Three microphone mountings have been considered : individually recessed microphones in (i) cylindrical and (ii) conical apertures and (iii) a recessed, screened, large-scale microphone mounting plate (microphones flush with the plate). It was found that by covering the top of the cylindrical and conical microphone apertures with a wire-mesh, the strong self-noise due to the interaction of the boundary-layer flow with the cavities can be suppressed. The most significant noise reduction is obtained when the large-scale microphone mounting plate is recessed behind the metallic wire-mesh. A reduction by up to 20 dB is then obtained with respect to a flush-mounted, unscreened, microphone. This microphone mounting out-performs the cone-nose-protected and Kevlar-protected microphone mountings, two conventional low-noise devices. Thanks to an original calibration technique, the acoustic response of the tested microphone mountings could be evaluated in presence of flow (� 80 m/s). The recessed, screened, microphone mounting plate has an oscillating acoustic response (in function of the frequency) by less than 5 dB deviation. This attenuation can be post-corrected by using a very simple acoustic model.

Field of study: Physics
A Home Teaching Program for Disadvantaged Preschool Children

(This is a modification of a paper read at the 1966 Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association in New York City.) 1 The Perry Preschool Project is partially supported by the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cooperative Research Project No. 2494, The Michigan Department of Education, the Washtenaw County Board of Education, and the Ypsilanti Board of Education. It is now widely accepted by theorists (Bereiter et al., 1965; Bloom, 1964; Hunt, 1961), as well as practitioners, that preschool programs are needed

Field of study: Education
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАДВИСОКОЧАСТОТНОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ ПРИ ВИДІЛЕННІ ПОЛІСАХАРИДІВ КЛІТИННИХ СТІНОК ДРІЖДЖІВ

У роботі встановлено ефективність використання надвисокочастотного (НВЧ) випромінювання для дезінтеграції дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae, суспендованих в розчині натрій гідроксиду, з метою виділення полі- сахаридів клітинних стінок. Надано характеристика отриманих препаратів при варіюванні умов обробки. Показано можливість отримання цим методом препаратів дріжджових полісахаридів різного складу. Варіюванням концентрації NаОН можливе виділення як монокомпонентного продукту – β-глюкану, так і двокомпонентного – комплексу β- глюкану з мананом (зимозан). Метод простий у виконанні, його використання приводить до зниження витрат ресурсів і енергії, підвищення екологічної складової, що в сукупності визначає перспективи його використання в технологіях полісахаридів дріжджів.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences