nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Corporate Bankruptcy of Jordanian Listed Companies: Using Altman and Kida Models

The purpose of this study is to report the effect of financial ratios in bankruptcy prediction in Jordanian listed companies through the use of Altman and Kida models. The study sample includes non-financial service and industrial companies for the years 1990-2006. The banking, insurance, and finance sectors were excluded from the study since they apply certain disclosure requirements. To achieve the objectives of the study, Altman and Kida models were applied on the sample companies in both service and industrial sectors. After the exclusion of companies from the financial sectors 16 companies were eligible for the analyses that have been bankrupt during the period mentioned and compared with 16 successful companies every year of the five years preceding the` incident liquidation. The results of the two models were then compared to recognize which one is most favorable to give an early warning about the possibility of bankruptcy for each of those years. Of the two models Altman's model has an advantage in company bankruptcy prediction, with a 93.8% average predictive ability of the five years prior to the liquidation incident, while the average for Kida's model is 69%. The outcome of the analyses shows that Jordanian listed companies may not be using such models in their financial and credit analyses. Consequently, it is best that they should at least apply one of these models with high credibility for predicting corporate bankruptcy.

Field of study: Business
EVAc共聚物的序列结构和它的~(13)C NMR谱的关系

本文以EVAc共聚物为例,阐述了EV共聚物序列结构的符号表示与Bovey关系(Ⅰ)的一致性。在此基础上,选择了EV共聚物序列结构的Sung表示并赋予它以化学位移的意义,在二元组和三元组序列水平上分析了EV共聚物的13种序列结构与Sung表示,与取代基参数,与其 3 CNMR谱13个谱峰之间的一一对应关系。其主要内容由Sung表示与取代基参数之间的 α ～ S 1 , β ～ S 2 ,γ ～ S 3 , δ ～ S 4 , δ + ～0ppm对应关系表征,从而构架了由EV共聚物的 3 C NMR谱通向其序列结构的桥梁,建立起研究EV共聚物序列结构的普适方法。

Field of study: Chemistry
[Antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory effects of berberine].

Berberine sulfate (Ber) 40 and 80 mg/kg ig reduced the purging effects of castor oil or Cassia angustifolia leaf in mice, but did not affect the gastrointestinal transport function of Chinese ink in normal mice. Ber 60 mg/kg ig significantly inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by ip 0.7% acetic acid in mice. Ber 20 and 50 mg/kg sc markedly inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine 100 micrograms/0.1 ml ic in rats. Ber 4 and 8 mg/kg sc produced obvious inhibition in the xylene-induced swelling of mouse ear. The anti-inflammatory effects were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that the antidiarrheal effect of Ber is relative to its restriction against exudative inflammation to a certain extent.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Expression of IGF-I and IGF-II Receptors in Rat C6 Glioma Cells as a Function of the Growth Phase

In the present study, we examined the specific binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to their receptors in C6 glioma cells taken during different growth phases in culture: phase A, early stage of the exponential growth (48 h after seeding); phase B, late stage of the exponential phase (96 h after seeding); phase C, confluent phase (at 144 h after seeding); and phase D, stopped at 48 h post-confluence. Scatchard analysis revealed higher Ka values for the IGF-IR during the exponential phases (A and B). The affinity of IGF-I for its receptor during the post-confluent phase (D) decreased to about half that at phase A (p < 0.01). Although lower at the later phase (D), the number of binding sites of the IGF-IR in the different tested growth stages in culture (A, B, and C) was not statistically different (p > 0.05). Conversely, the number of binding sites of the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor appeared to increase during time in culture. The Ka values of the IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor decreased significantly during the culture time, phase D showing the largest decrease (50%) as compared with phase A (p < 0.005). These binding data suggest that IGF-I and IGF-II receptors are differentially expressed in rat C6 glioma cells in culture and are a function of the growth phase.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Analysis of the Factors affecting Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Production under the Out growers Scheme in Numan Local Government Area Adamawa State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to analyze productivity and resource use efficiency in sugarcane production by random selection of 120 out grower farmers. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the production function analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that majority of the respondents (60%) were males and 40% were females engaged  in sugarcane production,  a  mean age  of  42 years with majority (69%) falling into the productive  age group of 31 – 40 years and majority 62.5% acquiring one form of formal education or the other. Majority of the sugarcane farmers (90%) were married, majority (52.6%) having family size in the range of 6 - 10 persons with a mean family size of 8 people. Also, 40 percent of the respondents had fanning experience of between16-20 years with an average farming experience of 10 years and cultivated a mean farm size of 1.5ha. The study identified inadequate and late allocation of farms and inadequate credit as the major constraints of sugarcane production and possible suggestions to overcome the identified constraints were made in the study.  Sugar cane, outgrower, Numan, Nigeria

Field of study: Education
BERYL-TANTALITE PEGMATITES OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Microcline-muscovite-quartz pegmatites in Northeastern Brazil have yielded approximately 600 metric tons of tantalite and 8000 metric tons of beryl, between 1937 and 1944. Other economic minerals are cassiterite, muscovite, amblygonite, and spodumene. The regional rocks are pre-Cambrian schists and quartzites intruded by granites. The pegmatites range from homogeneous textures without notable internal differentiation to heterogeneous textures with pronounced internal zoning. In the latter type, the essential minerals—microcline, muscovite, and quartz—form gigantic crystals, and the accessory minerals—tantalite, beryl, spodumene, and amblygonite—crystallize on a comparable scale. Aside from late albitization of the microcline, there appears to be little evidence that the differentiation in the heterogeneous pegmatites resulted from a series of complex replacements. The field evidence appears, rather, to indicate deposition in a single cycle with a progressive increase in crystal size from walls to center. Forty-two characteristic heterogeneous pegmatites are described, and plane-table sketch maps for some of them are reproduced.

Field of study: Geology
Contaminants of emerging concern in Caspian tern compared to herring gull eggs from Michigan colonies in the Great Lakes of North America.

A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were ΣPFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > ΣPFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣPBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) » ΣNPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of ΣPBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of ΣPFSAs and ΣPFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) ΣPBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Verification of skeletal activity in tibial nerve recordings: a reply to Roberts (1991).

In Dworkin and Dworkin (1990), we described classically conditioned tibial nerve responses that were uncorrelated with vasomotor responses in the same limb. We pointed out that this finding conflicted with the persisting idea that skeletal and autonomic responses are permanently locked into fixed action patterns that can not be reorganized by learning (Cohen & Obrist, 1975). Roberts (1991) has doubted our interpretation. In this reply, we rebut his arguments and also describe new pharmacological and other recent data showing unambiguously that the nerve activity we measured was not of postganglionic sympathetic origin. We conclude that the nerve activity was most probably due to motoneurons and reiterate that the results of our experiment specifically failed to support a general assertion of obligatory central coupling between skeletal and autonomic mechanisms.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Rapid climatic shifts in southern Greece during Marine Isotope Stages 5a-3

This thesis contributes increased knowledge about climate variability during the late Quaternary in the eastern Mediterranean. Results from a paleoclimate review reveal that regional wetter conditions from 6000 to 5400 years BP were replaced by a less wet period from 5400 to 4600 years BP and to fully arid conditions around 4600 years BP. The data available, however, show that there is not enough evidence to support the notion of a widespread climate event with rapidly drying conditions in the region around 4200 years ago. The review further highlights the lack of paleoclimate data from the archaeologically rich Peloponnese Peninsula. This gap is addressed in this thesis by the provision of new paleoclimate records from the Peloponnese. One stalagmite from Kapsia Cave and two stalagmites from Glyfada Cave were dated and analyzed for stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes. The Glyfada record covers a period from ~78 ka to ~37 ka and shows that the climate in this region responded rapidly to changes in temperatures over Greenland. During Greenland stadial (interstadial) conditions colder (warmer) and drier (wetter) conditions are reflected by depleted (enriched) δ13C-values in the speleothems. The Kapsia record covers a period from ~2900 to ~1100 years BP. A comparison between the modern stalagmite top isotopes and meteorological data shows that a main control on stalagmite δ18O is wet season precipitation amount. The δ18O record from Kapsia indicates cyclical humidity changes of close to 500 years, with rapid shifts toward wetter conditions followed by slowly developing aridity. Superimposed on this signal is a centennial signal of precipitation variability. A second speleothem from Kapsia with multiple horizons of fine sediments from past flood events intercalated with the calcite is used to develop a new, quick and non-destructive method for tracing flood events in speleothems by analyzing a thick section with an XRF core scanner.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Involvement of the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein gene transcription factor in genetic preference for alcohol drinking behavior.

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element binding (CREB) protein is a gene transcription factor that can integrate the signals mediated via the cAMP second messenger cascade at the gene expression level, which then controls neuronal functions.



To examine if the protein kinase A --> CREB signaling cascade is involved in genetic alcohol drinking preference, different measures of CREB were determined in various brain structures of alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats.



We show here that CRE-DNA binding activity is significantly decreased in the amygdala but not in the cortex, hippocampus, or striatum of P rats compared with NP rats. The levels of total CREB and phosphorylated CREB protein in the amygdala are significantly lower in P rats compared with NP rats. On the other hand, levels of the alpha-isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A protein, and basal as well as cAMP-stimulated protein kinase A activity are similar in the amygdala of both P and NP rats.



Because P and NP rats are genetically bred for high and low alcohol drinking behavior, respectively, these results suggest the possibility that decreased expression of CREB protein in the amygdala may be associated with the high alcohol drinking behavior of P rats.

Field of study: Medicine
Strangeness Production and Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions

With the development of various heavy-ion facilities, nuclear physics is expanding into many new directions. One of these is the study of the properties of strange particles, namely hyperons and kaons, in dense matter. Strangeness plays a special role in the development of hadronic and nuclear models. The mass of strange quark is about 150 MeV, which is, on the one hand, considerably larger than the mass of light (up and down) quarks (∼ 5 MeV), but on the other hand, much smaller than that of charm quark (∼ 1.5 GeV). In the limit of vanishing quark mass the chiral symmetry is good, and systematic studies can be carried out using chiral perturbation theory for hadrons made of light quarks. On the other hand, if the quark mass is large, one can use the non-relativistic quark model to study the properties of charmed and heavier hadrons. The hadrons with strangeness lie in between these two limits and therefore present a challenge to the theorists.

Field of study: Physics
Towards accurate methane point-source quantification from high-resolution 2-D plume imagery

Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas
in the Earth climate system but emission quantification of localized point
sources has been proven challenging, resulting in ambiguous regional budgets
and source category distributions. Although recent advancements in
airborne remote sensing instruments enable retrievals of methane
enhancements at an unprecedented resolution of 1–5 m at regional scales,
emission quantification of individual sources can be limited by the lack of
knowledge of local wind speed. Here, we developed an algorithm that can
estimate flux rates solely from mapped methane plumes, avoiding the need for
ancillary information on wind speed. The algorithm was trained on synthetic
measurements using large eddy simulations under a range of background wind
speeds of 1–10 m s −1 and source emission rates ranging from 10 to 1000 kg h −1 . The surrogate measurements mimic plume mapping performed by the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG)
and provide an ensemble of 2-D snapshots of column methane enhancements at 5 m spatial resolution. We make use of the integrated total methane
enhancement in each plume, denoted as integrated methane enhancement (IME),
and investigate how this IME relates to the actual methane flux rate. Our
analysis shows that the IME corresponds to the flux rate nonlinearly and is
strongly dependent on the background wind speed over the plume. We
demonstrate that the plume width, defined based on the plume angular
distribution around its main axis, provides information on the associated
background wind speed. This allows us to invert source flux rate based
solely on the IME and the plume shape itself. On average, the error estimate
based on randomly generated plumes is approximately 30 % for an individual
estimate and less than 10 % for an aggregation of 30 plumes. A validation
against a natural gas controlled-release experiment agrees to within 32 %,
supporting the basis for the applicability of this technique to quantifying
point sources over large geographical areas in airborne field campaigns and
future space-based observations.

Field of study: Environmental science
Thin-layer full Navier-Stokes simulations over a supersonic delta wing

Steady flowfields describing the flow over a 75-deg swept delta wing at M ∞=1.95 and Re=4.48×10 6 were simulated at α=20 and 30 deg using two computer codes. Comparisons were made between calculations using 1) the laminar and turbulent thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations, and 2)laminar thin-layer and Navier-Stokes equations.

Field of study: Physics
Remarks on a triangulated version of Auslander-Kleiner's Green correspondence.

For a finite group $G$ and an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$ for any indecomposable finite dimensional $kG$-module $M$ with vertex $D$ and a subgroup $H$ of $G$ containing $N_G(D)$ there is a unique indecomposable $kH$-module $N$ of vertex $D$ being a direct summand of the restriction of $M$ to $H$. This correspondence, called Green correspondence, was generalised by Auslander-Kleiner to the situation of pairs of adjoint functors between additive categories. In the original situation of group rings Carlson-Peng-Wheeler proved that this correspondence is actually restriction of triangle functors between triangulated quotient categories of the corresponding module categories. We review this theory and show how we got a common generalisation of the approaches of Auslander-Kleiner and Carlson-Peng-Wheeler, using Verdier localisations.

Field of study: Mathematics
The response of providers to capitation payment: a case-study from Thailand.

Those designing payment systems for health care in low and middle income countries are increasingly looking to capitation payment, in order to avoid the cost inflation experienced with fee-for-service payment. However, there is virtually no documentation of the experience of introducing capitation payment, or of its effects. This paper draws on several research studies to explore responses by health care providers at both the market and facility level to the introduction of capitation payment, in the context of a new compulsory insurance scheme for workers in Thailand. The paper ends by identifying lessons for both Thailand itself and for other countries.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
FAULT DETECTION BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF PCA-BASED PROCESS MONITORING APPROACH

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an effective approach to process monitoring and quality control.Although extensive researches related with PCA-based process monitoring approaches have been reported, the characteristics and fault detecting behavior of PCA are still equivocal.The commonly accepted conclusions in this field often conflict with the root cause of process malfunction and lead to incorrect understanding of the detection results.The expectations of T 2 and SPE statistics are studied in this paper and their relations to the statistical parameters of process data are presented.These relationships reveal the influence factors of the T 2 and SPE tests and give a definite description of the detection behavior of PCA.Based on these relationships process disturbances and faults can be distinguished,which make further fault diagnosis more reliable.The acquired results are illustrated and verified by monitoring of a simulated double-effective evaporator.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Titanium nitride as a diffusion barrier between nickel silicide and aluminum

The diffusion barrier properties of titanium nitride between nickel silicide and aluminum have been investigated in NiSi Schottky contacts on silicon for annealing temperatures of 400–600°C. No interaction between the metals of the contact structure was detected by backscattering spectrometry, even at 600°C. The electron barrier height of Schottky diodes stays constant at ϕBn = 0.67 ± 0.01 upon thermal annealing in vacuum at 500°C for 2 h . The ideality factor is n = 1.01. After 4 h, ϕ Bn decreases by about 10 mV and n rises to 1.0 6. The diodes degrade after annealing at 550°C or 600°C for 30 min.

Field of study: Materials science
Synovial Angioma of the FDP Flexor Sheath: A Rare Cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

It has been previously noted that synovial haemangiomas in the hand and wrist are very rare pathological entities. We report the case of a 34-year-old right hand dominant male who presented to his general practitioner with an enlarging left volar wrist/ palmar mass, who further developed symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. An MRI scan subsequently confirmed a large, complex mass with area of necrosis and peripheral enhancement. The rate of mass growth and radiological features raised the possibility of a soft tissue malignancy, and the gentleman was urgently referred to our unit for surgical exploration and removal of tumour. Surgical exploration demonstrated a tan-coloured soft tissue mass on the ulnar aspect of the median nerve. It appeared to arise from, and marginally infiltrated, the tendon sheath of the FDP tendon to the ring finger and the lumbrical muscle of the fourth ray; the distal and proximal extent of the tumour was difficult to define due to the diffuse growth of the tumour. Resection was achieved with macroscopic margins, with excellent functional recovery immediately and at 6 month follow-up. Histological analysis was consistent with a synovial haemangioma, comprising of numerous thin-walled blood vessels with a central cystic cavity containing blood and fibrin. Our case further demonstrates the diagnostic challenges posed by compressive neuropathy due to soft tissue masses, even with thorough clinical and radiological assessment. In the context of a rapidly growing tumour, malignancy must always be suspected and might highlight a role for pre-operative biopsy.

Field of study: Medicine
An Improved Bipolar Junction Transistor Model for Electrical and Radiation Effects

The use of bipolar technology in hardened electronic design requires an in-depth understanding of how the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) behaves under normal electrical and radiation environments. Significant improvements in BJT process technology have been reported, and the successful use of sophisticated Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools has aided implementation with respect to specific families of hardened devices. The most advanced BJT model used to date is the Improved Gummel-Poon (IGP) model which is used in CAA programs such as the SPICE II and SLICE programs. The earlier Ebers-Moll model (ref 1 and 2) has also been updated to compare with the older Gummel-Poon model. This paper describes an adaptation of an existing computer model which incorporates the best features of both models into a new, more accurate model called the Improved Bipolar Junction Transistor model. This paper also describes a unique approach to data reduction for the B(Ic) and VBE (ACT) vs Ic characterizations which has been successfully programmed in Basic using a Commodore PET computer. This model is described in the following sections.

Field of study: Physics