nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Non-coding RNA Colon Cancer-Associated Transcript-1 Promotes Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Suppressing miR-219-1

Previous evidence suggests that long non-coding colon cancer-associated transcript-1(CCAT1) plays a pivotal role in the progression of a variety of tumors. However, little is known about its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). In this study, we found LAD tissue samples had a higher expression of CCAT1 but a lower expression of miR-219-1 compared to their adjacent non-tumor tissues. CCAT1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-219-1. miR-219-1 suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. Knockdown of CCAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells, which were reversed by the miR-219-1 inhibitor. CCAT1 knockdown increased the expression of E-cadherin but decreased the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin, which were restored by the miR-219-1 inhibitor. In vivo, knockdown of CCAT1 suppressed the tumor growth of LAD xenografts, which were rescued by the inhibition of miR-219-1. In summary, our findings suggested that CCAT1 promotes the progression of LAD via sponging miR-219-1, providing a potential therapeutic target for LAD.

Field of study: Biology
Tectonics and geology of spreading ridge subduction at the Chile Triple Junction: a synthesis of results from Leg 141 of the Ocean Drilling Program

An active oceanic spreading ridge is being subducted beneath the South American continent at the Chile Triple Junction. This process has played a major part in the evolution of most of the continental margins that border the Pacific Ocean basin. A combination of high resolution swath bathymetric maps, seismic reflection profiles and drillhole and core data from five sites drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 141 provide important data that define the tectonic, structural and stratigraphic effects of this modern example of spreading ridge subduction.A change from subduction accretion to subduction erosion occurs along-strike of the South American forearc. This change is prominently expressed by normal faulting, forearc subsidence, oversteepening of topographic slopes and intensive sedimentary mass wasting, overprinted on older signatures of sediment accretion, overthrusting and uplift processes in the forearc. Data from drill sites north of the triple junction (Sites 859–861) show that after an important phase of forearc building in the early to late Pliocene, subduction accretion had ceased in the late Pliocene. Since that time sediment on the downgoing oceanic Nazca plate has been subducted. Site 863 was drilled into the forearc in the immediate vicinity of the triple junction above the subducted spreading ridge axis. Here, thick and intensely folded and faulted trench slope sediments of Pleistocene age are currently involved in the frontal deformation of the forearc. Early faults with thrust and reverse kinematics are overprinted by later normal faults.The Chile Triple Junction is also the site of apparent ophiolite emplacement into the South American forearc. Drilling at Site 862 on the Taitao Ridge revealed an offshore volcanic sequence of Plio-Pleistocene age associated with the Taitao Fracture Zone, adjacent to exposures of the Pliocene-aged Taitao ophiolite onshore. Despite the large-scale loss of material from the forearc at the triple junction, ophiolite emplacement produces a large topographic promontory in the forearc immediately after ridge subduction, and represents the first stage of forearc rebuilding.

Field of study: Environmental science
CLOSE-TO-STREAMLINE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GAS-SOLID FLOW IN HIGH CONCENTRATION ESP GAS INLET HOOD

The close-to-streamline numerical simulation method was adopted to geometrically 1∶1 simulate large-scale high concentration ESP gas inlet hood and its complicated internal structures such as dedusting angle iron and two perforated gas distribution plates with up to ten thousands holes.The realizable k-e model and stochastic particle track model were used for gas-solid flow simulation.The numerical results showed the gas velocity, particle concentration and flow resistance distributions of the gas inlet hood.The comparison between simulation and field measurements showed good agreement.It demonstrated that the close-to-streamline numerical simulation method could accurately simulate the gas-solid flow in the high concentration ESP gas inlet hood in detail.As to the simulated gas inlet hood, the results illustrated that the velocity distribution in the exit was low at the center and high at the surrounding areas.Dedusting efficiency was about 27.6% and flow resistance was up to 766 Pa.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Identification and enumeration of Salmonella on sample slides of poultry carcass wash water using image analysis with fluorescent microscopy

Rapid detection of bacteria on poultry carcasses is desirable for the poultry industry to enhance food safety of 
poultry products. This research focused on image analysis with fluorescent microscopy for identification and enumeration of 
Salmonella typhimurium on sample slides of poultry carcass wash water which were prepared using fluorescent antibodies 
and immuno-magnetic beads. The criteria of morphological and optical characteristics of S. typhimurium cells, including 
area, aspect ratio, diameter, major and minor axis, maximum and minimum radii, perimeter, radius ratio, length and width, 
and intensity, were developed. An algorithm that included channel extracting, median filtering, image sharpening, image 
dilation and erosion, image flattening, and watershed filtering was selected using Image-Pro® Plus software to analyze the 
acquired images. The algorithm was trained with 110 slide samples. The regression analysis showed that the relationship 
between the automatic image counting and the microbial plate counting was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. The 
detection limit of this method was 1 ×104 cells/mL, and the time needed was less than 4 h.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A model of heat and moisture dissipation from cattle based on thermal properties

Thermal regulation in animals is governed both by physiological and physical processes. This article describes a mathematical model of the heat transfer processes from cattle. In this model, the partitioning of heat and moisture dissipation from the animal is governed by the relation between the internal heat production and the potential heat loss as determined by the thermal properties of the body and the thermal environment. This approach makes it possible to handle the differences in thermoregulatory responses between animals with different metabolic rates. The model provides data for the design and control of climatization systems in livestock buildings as well as information about the state of the animals thermoregulatory system. Such information is of great importance in any evaluation of animal thermal comfort or stress.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
New Discoveries in Study on Hydrocarbons From Thermal Degradation of Heterotrophically Yellowing Algae

Green autotrophic alga Chlorella protothecoides contains a very small quantity of hydrocarbons. Heterotrophic culture of this alga results in the cells yellowing, chlorophyll disappearing, protein decreasing and lipid increasing remarkably. The quantities of hydrocarbons from them directly and from the thermal degradation of the cells at or below 200℃ are very low. These hydrocarbons are characterized by predominance of high molecular weight normal alkanes with maximum at C23-C25. When these heterotrophi-cally yellowing cells are thermally degraded at 300℃ , the aliphatic hydrocarbons increase greatly, 32 times that of the green autotrophic ones at the same temperature. Meanwhile, the low molecular weight normal alkanes with C17 as the peak become predominant instead of the original ones of high molecular weight. The actual potential of microplanktonic algae in producing hydrocarbons should be much greater than what people have recognized before.

Field of study: Chemistry
Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect and superconducting excitations in Raman spectra

We report a model study of the phonon response on the interplay of the superconducting (SC) gap and both static and dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion and predict the appearance of the SC and Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion gap excitation peaks in the Raman spectra of high-Tc superconductors. The model consists of the Hamiltonian containing static JT interaction and s-wave type SC interaction in the conduction band. Further the phonons are coupled to the density of the conduction electron in the band as well as to the JT split conduction band giving rise to dynamic Jahn-Teller (DJT) interaction. The phonons are considered in a harmonic approximation. The phonon Green's function is calculated by Zubarev's technique and the phonon self-energy arising due to normal electron-phonon (EP) interaction and DJT interaction. The phonon self-energy arising due to this is calculated from the electron response density function in the coexistence phase of the two order parameters. The phonon spectral density predicts two excitation peaks, one due to SC gap and the other due to JT distortion. The DJT coupling suppresses the JT gap while it enhances SC gap as well as SC transition temperature. The evolution of these excitation peaks are investigated by varying different model parameters of the system.

Field of study: Physics
[Multivariate twin crossover design parallel line assay for estimating potency of insulin].

Based on twin crossover design, a multivariate assay design was used in parallel line analysis to estimate the potency of insulin. This paper describes how to make the experimental design. After the analysis of variance according to assay, the potency and fiducial limits were calculated by the method (2.2). It has been applied by multivariate assay to estimate 80, 100 and 120% standard preparation and the recovery rate were between 94 and 108%. We also tested various batches and agent products. The average fiducial limits rates were less than 20%. In comparison with twin crossover analysis as usual, multivariate assay appeared to provide a more efficient utilization of experimental data, to increase weight of every animal for a more accurate estimation of potencies and to save on animal numbers 30-40%.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Smoking policy in the Netherlands since the fifties: One factor in the social dynamics of changes in smoking behaviour

Many social factors influence changes in smoking behaviour. In a model on the social dynamics of smoking, the mechanisms of influences on smoking behaviour are shown. Governmental anti-smoking policy is one factor. In the Dutch anti-smoking policy, worthwhile initiatives, such as anti-smoking campaigns and a ban of tobacco advertisements on television and radio, were supported. In general, however, the anti-smoking policy in the Netherlands was passive and contributed little to the distribution of anti-smoking information. Recommendations for an effective smoking control policy were only partly implemented. A Tobacco Law is in preparation during the eighties. It restricts tobacco advertisements and smoking in public places.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Enhancement of the resolving power of coherent optical systems by aperture synthesis method

Aperture synthesis was performed by phase diffraction gratings in a coherent optical system. A proportional reduction in the useful object field enhanced the spatial resolution by two orders of magnitude compared with the classical diffraction limit. The required precision of alignment of the whole system, including diffraction gratings, was not greater than that needed for conventional optical systems and was governed by the object lenses employed.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Impact of Trade Liberalization and SAFTA on Pakistan’s Economy by Using CGE Model

The aim of this paper is to quantify and analyze the relative impact of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) over the global economic welfare. This research analyzes the potential economic costs and benefits of Pak-India trade in exporting various consumer goods. The first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each others’ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. After employing the simplified static analysis framework, the analysis based on simulations reveals that current demand for Pakistani dates and other consumer items like leather and cotton-made garments will expand after the FTA and consumer surplus will increase. The drop in the domestic prices of dates will increase the production of many downstream industries, which will have pleasant multiplier effects on the economy of Pakistan. The government may reduce MFN tariffs on industrial dates before implementing the FTA. A key rule of multilateral trade system is that the reduction in trade barriers should be applied on a most-favored nation basis (MFN) to all WTO members. The only exception to the MFN principle built into the GATT legal framework is the provision for reciprocal free trade within customs unions and free trade areas (GATT article XXIV). The objectives of the present study are to analyze and quantify the potential economic cost and benefits of the prospective trade between India and Pakistan to consumers, producers and government of the two countries. The export of Dried dates, leather and cotton-made garments may be conducted by two scenarios, i.e. when normal trading relations between Pakistan and India will be restored and when there will be a free trade between Pakistan and India in the presence of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). Following the analytical framework discussed by PO managerial (20001), we employ the simplified static analysis by using CGE model for policy implication, which reveals that Pakistan will gain benefit from Pak-India trade on SAFTA. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistan’s economy.

Field of study: Business
Aligning Best Practices to Develop Targeted Critical Thinking Skills and Habits.

This project evaluated the effectiveness of a course design within an upper-level biology course that incorporated what prior scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) research has suggested to be best practices for developing critical thinking skills while also managing the grading load on the instructor. These efforts centered on the development of a clearly articulated subset of skills identified by the Critical Thinking Assessment Test (CAT) and also incorporated learning experiences designed to instill what we refer to as a “habit of critical investigation.” In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a single semester of an aligned course utilizing active learning and multiple opportunities for practice and feedback would: (a) increase the extent to which students agreed with the importance of questioning the credibility of claims across the semester, (b) increase the frequency at which students reported personally questioning the credibility of claims across the semester, (c) increase the number of students reporting investigation techniques consistent with critical investigation across the semester and (d) result in significantly greater student performance on the CAT questions that assessed the sub-skills practiced in the course when compared to the performance of a representative group of senior students at our institution. We observed substantial and statistically significant gains in both the frequency at which students reported questioning claims and the degree to which their reported investigative actions were consistent with critical investigation. Furthermore, on the critical thinking sub-skills most aligned with what was practiced in the course, the experimental group significantly outperformed the comparison group.

Field of study: Education
The Brier Score under Administrative Censoring: Problems and Solutions

The Brier score is commonly used for evaluating probability predictions. In survival analysis, with right-censored observations of the event times, this score can be weighted by the inverse probability of censoring (IPCW) to retain its original interpretation. It is common practice to estimate the censoring distribution with the Kaplan-Meier estimator, even though it assumes that the censoring distribution is independent of the covariates. This paper discusses the general impact of the censoring estimates on the Brier score and shows that the estimation of the censoring distribution can be problematic. In particular, when the censoring times can be identified from the covariates, the IPCW score is no longer valid. For administratively censored data, where the potential censoring times are known for all individuals, we propose an alternative version of the Brier score. This administrative Brier score does not require estimation of the censoring distribution and is valid even if the censoring times can be identified from the covariates.

Field of study: Computer science
ARTICLES: Experiments on plasma heating by CO2 laser radiation in the TIR-1 facility

The results are given of experiments performed on the TIR-1 high-power laser facility, utilizing x-ray plasma diagnostic methods. The experiments were carried out at an energy of ~50 J for a focal spot of ~300 μ and a pulse duration of ~2 nsec. The effective electron temperature in the energy cutoff range Eco~3.5–5 keV was 7 keV. Photons with energies of 10–100 keV were detected.  Te = 220 eV, NH/NN = 13, NHe/NH = 2.1, NLi/NHe = 0.06.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Microbiological quality of Cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) fillets stored in dry and wet ice

Microbiological quality of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) fillets stored in three different ice conditions was studied. Fillets stored in wet ice at a ratio of 1:1 (package III) were sensorially acceptable for only 18 h, while that stored in dry ice at 1:1 (package I) and combination of dry ice and wet ice at 1:0.2:0.5 (package II) were in acceptable condition up to 24 h without re-icing and thus there was an extension of shelf life by about 33%. Total bacterial load was 7 log10 cfu/g at the end of the storage period. Total psychrophilic population increased from zero to 7 log10 cfu/g while total lactic acid bacteria from zero to 5 log10 cfu/g. H2S producers were detected only at 18 h, with a count of 1 log10 cfu/g. Sulphite-reducing Clostridia increased gradually from zero to 110 most probable number count/g. Fresh cuttlefish fillets carried a bacterial flora of Micrococcus, Planococcus, Streptococcus, Moraxella, Proteus and Aeromonas. Pseudomonas was dominant in wet ice pack, while Aeromonas was dominant in both the dry ice and combination pack. Immediately after packing, the temperatures recorded in packages I, II and III were 10.5, 1.2 and 3.0 °C, respectively, which drastically decreased in 1 h and then maintained and finally increased gradually. The results indicate that use of combination of dry ice and wet ice is economical and very much useful to seafood industries, as this package considerably reduced the cost of air freight, as well as improved the quality and shelf life of cuttlefish.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Bacillus thuringiensis colonises plant roots in a phylogeny-dependent manner.

Although much is known about the pathology of Bacillus thuringiensis against invertebrates, current understanding of its natural ecology is limited. This study evaluated the biodiversity of B. thuringiensis in relation to its interaction with plants. Phylogenetic relationships between 44 reference and field-collected strains, determined using 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, revealed a high degree of variability, similar to that found in databases. An Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro inoculation model was developed to screen the ability of B. thuringiensis to colonise roots. Significant colonisation differences up to 91-fold were observed between strains, and correlation between strain phylogeny and colonisation was found. The genetics and biochemistry of auxin production; presence of the gene encoding indole pyruvate decarboxylase; and the abilities of Bt strains to swarm, grow in rich/minimal media and affect root growth differed between the strains, but only auxin production correlated significantly with ability to colonise roots. Co-inoculation with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN or Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 produced no effect on B. thuringiensis colonisation levels, regardless of the co-inoculant. Similarly, root colonisation of A. thaliana mutants impaired in plant defences was not significantly higher compared with controls. This is the first systematic and phylogenetic evaluation of B. thuringiensis interaction with plants.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Evidence for the interaction of technetium colloids with humic substances by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Spectroscopic extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) evidence was obtained on the chemical environment of 99Tc(IV) atoms formed upon introduction of TcO4- into four types of laboratory-scale synthetic and natural systems which mimic in situ natural reducing conditions in humic-rich geochemical environments: (a) magnetite/pyrite in synthetic groundwater in the absence of humic substances (HSs), (b) magnetite/pyrite in natural Gorleben groundwater in the presence of HSs, (c) Boom clay sediment mixed with synthetic groundwater, and (d) Gorleben sand mixed with natural Gorleben groundwater. The investigated systems obey to pH 8-9 conditions, and all measured samples show similar EXAFS spectra for Tc, which could be fitted by a hydrated TcO2 x xH2O phase. The results are interpreted as follows: upon introduction of high concentrations (millimolar to micromolar) of TcO4-to chemically reducing environments, small Tc(IV) oxidic polymers are formed, which either may aggregate into larger units (colloids) and finally precipitate or may interact in their polymeric form with (dissolved and immobile) humic substances. This latter type of interaction--Tc(IV) colloid sorption onto HSs--differs significantly from the generally accepted metal--humate complexation and therefore offers new views on the possible reaction pathways of metals and radionuclides in humic-rich environments.

Field of study: Environmental science
Soft errors in commercial off-the-shelf static random access memories

This article reviews state-of-the-art techniques for the evaluation of the effect of radiation on static random access memory (SRAM). We detailed irradiation test techniques and results from irradiation experiments with several types of particles. Two commercial SRAMs, in 90 and 65 nm technology nodes, were considered as case studies. Besides the basic static and dynamic test modes, advanced stimuli for the irradiation tests were introduced, as well as statistical post-processing techniques allowing for deeper analysis of the correlations between bit-flip cross-sections and design/architectural characteristics of the memory device. Further insight is provided on the response of irradiated stacked layer devices and on the use of characterized SRAM devices as particle detectors.

Field of study: Materials science