nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Knowledge Translation framework on ageing and health.

The world's population aged 60 and over will more than triple from 600 million to 2 billion between the years 2000 to 2050. This demographic change has significant impact on health, social, and economic sectors. The need to ensure that research into older peoples' health is effectively translated to policy is immediate.



The purpose of this paper is to present a proposed framework to support evidence informed policymaking in ageing and health.



We undertook a two stage process to develop the framework. We (a) conducted a review of the literature, and (b) convened an expert panel to provide feedback.



Numerous frameworks have been proposed yet the majority do not address all the barriers. The Lavis et al., framework addresses a majority of the obstacles associated with evidence-informed policymaking and this framework was modified to include sub-elements important to ageing and health and to reflect the order of importance of the elements. The main elements are: a climate and/or context for research use, linkage and exchange efforts, creation of new knowledge, push efforts, facilitating pull efforts, pull efforts, and evaluation. A four-step implementation process is proposed.



This paper offers an approach to Knowledge Translation within the field of ageing and health. The framework and proposed implementation could be used to conceptualize and implement evidence-informed policymaking.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Nicho trófico de Orestias agassii (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) del sistema de arroyos del salar de Huasco (20°05'S; 68°15'W)

La carencia de informacion biologica y ecologica de la ictiofauna nacional es uno de los principales vacios de conocimiento acerca de estos organismos. Esta falta es mas notoria en sistemas hidricos aislados del Altiplano sur de Chile, donde el detrimento a causa del balance hidrologico negativo y la demanda de agua por actividad minera han acelerado procesos de eutrofizacion y salinizacion. Es por este motivo que se genera la necesidad de obtener informacion detallada de su ictiofauna. En este trabajo, se estudio los aspectos troficos de O. agassii procedentes de una vertiente del conjunto de arroyos del Salar de Huasco. Se analizo la trofia de 51 individuos en dos periodos climaticos a traves del calculo del indice de importancia numerica (IIN), el indice de selectividad de Manly estandarizado por Chesson y la estimacion de amplitud de nicho trofico. Los analisis de contenidos arrojaron diferencias entre la abundancia de presas consumidas por periodo, siendo los grupos mas representativos Cladocera y Ostracoda, con 52,1% y 45,4%, respectivamente. La presa mas importante (IIN) para primavera, en el caso de machos y hembras fue Ostracoda. Durante otono, la presa mas importante para los machos correspondio al cladocero Alonella y para hembras fue Ostracoda. De acuerdo a los analisis de selectividad, O. agassii presentaria una marcada preferencia por larvas de la familia Ephydridae, ostracodos y el cladocero del genero Alonella, y exhibiria un comportamiento trofico tendiente a la estenofagia, lo que coincidiria con la marcada selectividad por un bajo numero de taxa en relacion a la oferta ambiental.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Does the Anger Rumination has an Effect on the Employee Creativity

Individuals, especially in the management level, who are distinguished with their employee identity in their respective workplaces in the unity of social life, highly interact with each other. It is evident that in this process wherein the individuals interact with each other, their attitudes towards each other affect the process of creating mutual behaviors and perceptions. On one hand individuals may harm each other through unethical or counterproductive behaviors and on the other hand, even if there is no intention to harm, the behavior of the individual with whom one interacts can be perceived as aggressive. All these scenarios cause anger rumination in individuals, which can be defined as one’s contemplating over the reasons of behavior or attitudes through anger while spending a lot of time. Meanwhile, anger can be defined as creating a negative emotion towards any cognitive assessments, psychological changes and tendencies of action. That this process of creating emotions is evaluated for a long period of time via rumination may lead to the assumption that the affects of the employee change due to anger rumination. On the other hand, the employee creativity emerging during the activities of individuals in their respective workplaces depend on a highly emotional evaluation. This study has been prepared to determine whether, especially in the case of white-collar workers experiencing anger rumination, that has an effect on their individual creativity. The relation between the anger rumination and the employee creativity constitutes this study’s distinctive aspect. The data obtained from this research propose that the creativity is a basic need of companies and that determining the impact level of the anger rumination on the creativity and taking counter-measures against the anger rumination may contribute to the building of an innovative company in a competitive market.

Field of study: Business
Protective effect of natural TNF-binding protein on human TNF-induced toxicity in mice.

The in vivo protective effect of urinary TNF-binding protein (uTBP) on acute TNF-induced lesions and lethality was assessed in BALB/c mice. Two animal models, the local Shwartzman reaction and galactosamine (GaLN) induced TNF sensitization, were used. In the former, local cutaneous haemorrhagic necrosis induced by 10 micrograms of recombinant human TNF alpha (r-hTNF) was prevented with iv doses of uTPB as low as 1 microgram when administered concomitantly or 10 micrograms when injected intravenously 60 min before or 30 min after the lesion eliciting-dose of r-hTNF. In the latter model, injection of 1 microgram or r-hTNF caused the death of all mice within 36 h. Either 100 or 250 micrograms of uTBP given intravenously simultaneously with r-hTNF/GaLN totally prevented this mortality. In contrast to anti-human TNF monoclonal antibodies, these very same doses of uTBP significantly protected mice even when injected after the lethal r-hTNF dose. These data confirm in relevant in vivo pathological models the TNF inhibiting capacity of the natural soluble TNF receptor I.

Field of study: Medicine
A Ginástica Holística na flexibilidade de meninas de 10 a 12 anos.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da Ginastica Holistica na flexibilidade da articulacao lombar e pelvica de meninas entre 10 a 12 anos. Participaram 43 criancas do sexo feminino divididas em: 21 no grupo controle (GC) e 22 praticantes de Ginastica Holistica no grupo experimental (GE), com 9 semanas de pratica, uma vez por semana. A flexibilidade foi analisada atraves da fotogrametria ( software SAPO) e pelo teste da distância do 3o dedo-solo (fita metrica). Utilizou-se estatistica descritiva e inferencial com nivel de significância de p < 0,05.  No teste 3odedo-solo, na comparacao entre as medidas pre e pos- intervencao, a media para GC teve aumento de 2,9 cm, enquanto a media para GE teve reducao de 7,7 cm na distância dedo-solo. Na medida do ângulo, a media para GC foi de 92o na medida pre-intervencao e de 81,8o na medida pos-intervencao, indicando um afastamento em relacao ao padrao.  Para GE, a media foi de 86,8o na medida pre-intervencao e de 92,4o na medida pos- intervencao, indicando aproximacao em relacao ao padrao.  A comparacao entre grupos mostrou diferenca significativa entre os mesmos (p=0,0001).  A Ginastica Holistica produziu aumento da flexibilidade das meninas de 10 a 12 anos.

Field of study: Education
Mass and half-life measurements of neutron-deficient iodine isotopes

Neutron-deficient iodine isotopes, $$^{116}$$ 116 I and $$^{114}$$ 114 I, were produced at relativistic energies by in-flight fragmentation at the Fragment Separator (FRS) at GSI. The FRS Ion Catcher was used to thermalize the ions and to perform highly accurate mass measurements with a Multiple-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass-Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS). The masses of both isotopes were measured directly for the first time. The half-life of the $$^{114}$$ 114 I was measured by storing the ions in an RF quadrupole for different storage times and counting the remaining nuclei with the MR-TOF-MS. The measured half-life was used to assign the ground state to the measured $$^{114}$$ 114 I ions. Predictions on the possible $$\alpha $$ α -decay branch for $$^{114}$$ 114 I are presented based on the reduced uncertainties obtained for the $$Q_{\alpha }$$ Q α -value. Systematic studies of the mass surface were performed with the newly obtained masses, showing better agreement with the expected trend in this mass region.

Field of study: Physics
The Strategic Choice of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Educational Institutions:American Model or EU Model

There are similarities and differences between the development of entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions(HEIs) of US and that of EU,in terms of the recognition on the nature of entrepreneurship,driving force for development,structure,source of funding and the construction of support system.Referring to the experience from US and EU,the development of entrepreneurship education in HEIs of China should be upgraded to a strategic height,by adopting an appropriate model of development.

Field of study: Education
Traditional coastal management practices and land use changes during the 16–20th centuries, Jiangsu Province, China

Within the framework of global change research, the issues related to coastal management and adaptation represent an important focus. During the 16–19th centuries, there were complex coastal evolution patterns, diverse human activities and rich historical documents for the Jiangsu coast, eastern China. Hence, this region represents a unique place in the world for the study of the traditional coastal management practice. In the present contribution, we use the historical archives/documents and adopt multidisciplinary methods, to reveal the characteristics and changing patterns of the traditional management practice for the Jiangsu coast. We have found that the Jiangsu coastal management practice was dominated by the central government, including policies and legal norms for the coastal areas, e.g., tax policy. Although there were differences compared with the present-day coastal management, it was already more advanced than the management systems merely based on custom, taboos and cultural norms. To some extent, Jiangsu coastal management practice is typical for the pre-industrial period, which was an initial stage of modern coastal management. The governments of the Ming and Qing Dynasties paid more attention to sea salt industry than reclamation/agriculture in the land use policies, and set a strict administrative management system to implement coastal management for land resources, labors and coastal engineering. It had a profound impact on the Jiangsu coastal land development and socio-economic change. In the 16–19th centuries, with rapid accretion on the Jiangsu coast and the intense control of the central government, salt production was the main coastal exploitation activity. After the 19th century, the land use was converted to agricultural development. However, along with the coastal natural change, population growth and destruction of war, the demand of multifarious land uses increases rapidly. As a result, the traditional management pattern, which emphasized monopoly profits but lack of negotiation and coordination between different stakeholders, became gradually unsustainable and collapsed eventually; subsequently, agricultural development was the dominant socio-economic activity of the Jiangsu coastal region. Thus, the highly centralized management system in the pre-industrial periods for the China coasts was evolved gradually into a decentralization system, which was consistent with the trend of the development of modern coastal management.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP), extracted from the root of Achyranthes bidentata, induced interleukin-1 (IL-1) synthesis as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis and secretion from thioglycolate-primed mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. ABP 100-800 micrograms.ml-1 enhanced both synthesis and release of IL-1 when stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (5 micrograms.ml-1), but had no significant influences on synthesis and release of TNF-alpha induced by LPS (10 micrograms.ml-1). Studies on IL-1 and TNF-alpha production induced by ABP (200 micrograms.ml-1) alone or plus LPS showed that peak levels of IL-1 release reached at 24 h and that of TNF-alpha release at about 2-6 h after incubation. Peritoneal macrophages from mice ip ABP 25 and 50 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 5 d produced much more IL-1 than those from control group. Peritoneal macrophages from ip ABP 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 6 d alone released more TNF-alpha vs control group, and showed a synergetic action with LPS (10 micrograms.ml-1), which was as strong as the positive control agent BCG. These results provide an explanation for the immunopotentiating effect of ABP.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Effects of increment size and reinforcer volume on progressive ratio performance.

The progressive ratio schedule requires the subject to emit an increasing number of responses for each successive reinforcement. Eventually, the response requirement becomes so large that the subject fails to respond for a period of 15 min and thereby terminates the session. This point is arbitrarily defined as the "breaking point" of the subject's performance. The measure is quantified in terms of the number of responses in the final completed (i.e., reinforced) ratio run of the session. Previous work has shown that this measure varies as a function of several motivational variables and may thus be useful as an index of reinforcement strength. The present study is an extension of that work. The subjects were four rats. In the first experiment, the effects of the size of the increment by which each ratio run increased were studied. In two additional experiments, the volume of a liquid reinforcer was varied using both large and small ratio increments. The results indicate that the number of responses in the final completed ratio run increases as a function of the size of the ratio increment. However, the number of reinforcements obtained by the animals per session declines sharply. When large ratio increments are used, the number of responses in the final ratio increases as a function of the volume of the reinforcer, but when small increments are used, progressive satiation results in a decline in performance with the larger volumes of liquid.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
The Present Situation of French Language Education as a Cultural Subject in Universities

It is no exaggeration to say that French language education is in a state of decline as French-related departments are disappearing or have merged with other departments. In this deteriorating situation, a variety of discussions have been carried out in order to energize French language education. Among them, a common discussion involves the improvement of the efficiency of French language education as a cultural subject in universities. This is evidenced by the fact that the related discussions have been steadily and regularly carried out. However, most of these discussions have been limited to diagnosing the problems of French language education from a microscopic viewpoint, presenting measures to improve the conditions leading to the problems; no overall view of French language education as one of the cultural subjects in past and present universities has been drawn up, which is important for more effective and meaningful proposals. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the actual state of French language education as a cultural subject in past and present universities from a macroscopic viewpoint in order to promote its energization as a cultural subject in current universities. To that end, first, previous studies will be analyzed to identify the actual situation of French language education as a cultural subject in past universities. Next, a questionnaire survey will be conducted based on the results of that analysis in order to elucidate the current state of French language education as a cultural subject in present universities. Changes that have been made in this type of education program in present universities will be comprehensively analyzed in light of the same situation in past universities, and the results and their implications for French language education as a cultural subject in universities will be reviewed. Finally, based on the implications derived in the above process, several proposals will be suggested for improving the situation of French language education as a cultural subject in universities, both internally and externally.

Field of study: Linguistics
The achievements of the Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences over 50 years

: The historical review of the main research fields of Institute of Neurology of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci. from 1945 to nowadays is presented, some of them are: the investigations of both traumatic and infectious damages to nervous system, cerebrovascular pathology (angioneurology), neurogenetics, neuroreanimatology and neurosurgery (angioneurosurgery, in particular). The peculiarities of the development of approaches mentioned above as well as of corresponding problems are described in the review.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Inhomogeneous Markov Chains and Ergodicity Coefficients: John Hajnal (1924–2008)

In 1958, a paper by John Hajnal, a demographer and mathematical statistician, was fundamental in the revival of the theory of inhomogeneous Markov chains. Hajnal made his contribution by the development of tools for the analysis of weak ergodicity, and proofs of fundamental theorems. This article reviews Hajnal's career, and then focuses on the four topics: 1. ergodicity coefficients and the weak ergodicity theorem; 2. scrambling matrices; 3. the coupling theorem; and 4. non-negative matrix products. Related work by other authors, especially Wolfgang Doeblin, is mentioned in context. Attention is given to some recent surveys and applications of ergodicity coefficients, including the Google matrix.

Field of study: Mathematics
Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili on the Juridical Status of Native American Polities

Over the course of the sixteenth century, Europeans writing about the ius gentium went from treating indigenous American rulers as the juridical equals of Europe's princes to depicting them as little more than savage brutes, incapable of bearing dominium and ineligible for the protections of the law of peoples. This essay examines the writings of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili to show how this transformation in European perceptions of Native Americans resulted from fundamental changes in European society. The emergence of a novel conception of sovereignty amid the upheavals of the Protestant Reformation was central to this shift and provided a new foundation for Europe's continued imperial expansion into the Americas.

Field of study: History
Effects of 1-nitropyrene pretreatment on the mixed-function oxidases of the rat liver.

The inducibility of hepatic mixed-function oxidases (MFO) was examined in adult rats following ip or dermal applications of l-nitropyrene (l-NP) at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg for 3d. The liver weights, hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450 and b5 contents, and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and benzopyrene hydroxylase activities of rats treated with l-NP ip were induced significantly. In contrast, hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was unaffected. Pretreatment of rats with l-NP applied on the skin did not alter significantly the liver weights and hepatic MFO activities. These results indicate that 1-NP is a 3-methyIcholanthrene-type inducer of hepatic MFO but it is not absorbed by the skin of adult rats.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Six-year Cultivation of Rural Primary School Teachers:New Practice of Free Normal Education

There has been more than 100 years since the appearance of free normal education in China.However,the free normal education was adopted sometimes,or was abolished once in a while;it developed well sometimes,while it would decline after a period.Generally speaking,the free normal education has the characteristics of free education,allocated employment,and term of service.Based on the poor quality of rural primary school teachers and the declined quality of candidates for normal education,Hunan First Normal University was the first to implement the free six-year undergraduate cultivation program for rural primary school teachers at the beginning of junior middle school in 2010.There're some reform and innovation in the aspects of basic system,cultivation model,and guarantee mechanism of free normal education.After 2 years practice,preliminary achievements were made in the recruitment and cultivation.

Field of study: Education
Morphological and Microstructural Evolution 
of Phosphorous-Rich Layer in SnAgCu/Ni-P UBM 
Solder Joint

Interfacial morphologies and microstructure of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu/Ni-P under bump metallization (UBM) with various phosphorous contents were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE-EPMA). It was revealed that as the Ni-Sn-P compound was formed between the solder matrix and Ni-P UBM, the conventionally so-called phosphorous-rich (P-rich) layer was transformed to a series of layer compounds, including Ni3P, Ni12P5 and Ni2P. The relationship between Ni-Sn-P formation and evolution of P-rich layers was probed by electron microscopic characterization with the aid of the phase diagram of Ni-P. On the basis of the TEM micrograph, the selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern, and the FE-EPMA results, the detailed phase evolution of P-rich layers in the SnAgCu/Ni-P joint was revealed and proposed.

Field of study: Materials science