nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering of nucleons from nuclei with couplings to particle-unstable excited states

The physics of radioactive ion beams implies the description of weakly-bound nuclear systems. One key aspect concerns the coupling to low-lying collective-type excited states, which for these systems might not be stable levels, but particle emitting resonances. In this work we describe how the scattering cross section and compound spectra change when the colliding fragments have such collective excitations featuring particle emission. We explore this question in the framework of a multi-channel algebraic scattering method of determining nucleon-nucleus cross sections at low energies. For a range of light-mass, particle-unstable nuclear targets, scattering cross sections as well as the spectra of the compound nuclei formed have been determined from calculations that do and do not consider particle emission widths for nuclear states. Assuming a resonance character for target states markedly varies evaluated cross sections from those obtained assuming the target spectrum to have entirely discrete states.

Field of study: Physics
Angular dependence of magnetoresistance and Fermi-surface shape in quasi-2D metals

The analytical and numerical study of the angular dependence of magnetoresistance in layered quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) metals is performed. The harmonic expansion analytical formulas for the angular dependence of Fermi-surface cross-section area in external magnetic field are obtained for various typical crystal symmetries. The simple azimuth-angle dependence of the Yamaji angles is derived for the elliptic in-plane Fermi surface. These formulas correct some previous results and allow the simple and effective interpretation of the magnetic quantum oscillations data in cuprate high-temperature superconducting materials, in organic metals and other Q2D metals. The relation between the angular dependence of magnetoresistance and of Fermi-surface cross-section area is derived. The applicability region of all results obtained and of some previous widely used analytical results is investigated using the numerical calculations.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of chlorpromazine on fixed-ratio responding: modification by fixed-interval discriminative stimuli.

Effects of chlorpromazine (1 to 100 mg/kg) were assessed on two pigeons' responding under various modifications of a multiple schedule of food delivery. During a fixed-interval component, the first response after 5 min produced food; during the subsequent, fixed-ratio component, the 30th response produced food. Modifications of the schedule entailed changes in stimulus conditions imposed during the fixed-ratio component that did not systematically alter characteristics of performance under non-drug conditions. In the first phase of the experiment, distinctive visual stimuli were correlated with each schedule component (conventional multiple schedule); chlorpromazine produced small decreases in fixed-ratio responding (20% at 30 mg/kg). When each response during the fixed-ratio component produced the stimulus correlated with the fixed-interval schedule (fixed-interval discriminative stimulus) for 1.2 s, effects of chlorpromazine were not different from those under the conventional multiple schedule. Chlorpromazine produced greater decreases in fixed-ratio responding (55% at 30 mg/kg) when either the first response of each fixed ratio changed the stimulus correlated with the fixed-ratio schedule to the fixed-interval discriminative stimulus for the remainder of the fixed-ratio component, or when the fixed-interval discriminative stimulus was presented independently of responding according to a matched temporal sequence. When the fixed-interval discriminative stimulus was present continuously during the fixed-ratio component (mixed schedule), chlorpromazine produced even more substantial decreases in fixed-ratio responding (greater than 80% at 30 mg/kg). Effects of chlorpromazine on fixed-interval responding were also modified by the schedules of fixed-interval discriminative stimulus presentation. The effects of chlorpromazine were a joint function of the stimuli prevailing during the multiple schedule and the degree to which responding influenced these stimuli.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
A Bowman-Birk type protease inhibitor is involved in the tolerance to salt stress in wheat.

A salt-responsive gene WRSI5 was characterized from salt-tolerant cultivar Shanrong No. 3 (SR3), an introgression line via asymmetric somatic hybrid between Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jinan177 (JN177) and Thinopyrum ponticum Podp. The peptide encoded by WRSI5 contains a Bowman-Birk domain sharing a high level of sequence identity to monocotyledonous protease inhibitors. When expressed in vitro, the WRSI5 gene product exhibited trypsin, but not chymotrypsin inhibition. The expression level of WRSI5 was increased in SR3 roots exposed to salt, drought or oxidative stress. In situ hybridization showed that it is induced in the endodermal cells of the mature region of the SR3 root tip, with no signal detectable in the corresponding region of the salt-susceptible cultivar JN177. SR3 has a higher selectivity for K(+) over Na(+), and therefore limits the transport of Na(+) from the root to the shoot. When overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, WRSI5 improves the ability of seedlings to grow on a medium containing 150 mM NaCl. We suggest that WRSI5 plays an important role in regulating the plant growth rate or long-distance Na(+) transport in SR3 plants exposed to salt stress.

Field of study: Environmental science
Few-electrode design for silicon MOS quantum dots

Silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) spin qubits have become a promising platform for quantum information processing, with recent demonstrations of high-fidelity single and two-qubit gates. To move beyond a few qubits, however, more scalable designs that reduce the fabrication complexity and electrode density are needed. Here, we introduce a two-metal-layer MOS quantum dot device in which tunnel barriers are naturally formed by gaps between electrodes and controlled by adjacent accumulation gates. The accumulation gates define the electron reservoirs and provide tunability of the tunnel rate of nearly 8.5 decades/V, determined by a combination of charge sensor electron counting measurements and by direct transport. The valley splitting in the few-electron regime is probed by magneto-spectroscopy up to a field of 6 T, providing an estimate for the ground-state gap of 290 $\mu$eV. We show preliminary characterization of a double quantum dot, demonstrating that this design can be extended to linear dot arrays that should be useful in applications like electron shuttling. These results motivate further innovations in MOS quantum dot design that can improve the scalability prospects for spin qubits.

Field of study: Materials science
Mobile Node Deployment based on Improved Probability Model and Dynamic Particle Swarm Algorithm

In order to realize node deployment in monitoring area and improve the network coverage, this paper propose a mobile node deployment method based on improved probability sensor model and dynamic multiple population particle swarm algorithm. Firstly, the improved probability sensor model was introduced by adding the energy factor to the traditional probability model, and then the node deployment mathematical model was given based on the improved probability sensor model considering the network coverage rate and energy factor. Then the SOM algorithm was used to divide the particle population to several sub populations, and the dynamic multiple population PSO method was designed to get the optimal node deployment solution in every sub-population. The simulation experiment shows the method in this paper can deploy mobile nodes evenly in monitoring area, the network coverage and energy were considered, and compared with the other methods about node deployment, it has higher coverage rate and longer network life cycle. Therefore, the proposed method is likely to have more priority and application value.

Field of study: Computer science
Preliminary evaluation of physical and chemical properties of Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica seed oils.

Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica are commonly used as spices and traditional medicine in Southern Nigeria. The nutritional and health potential of their seed oils were evaluated by the study using standard methods. Values of all measured properties of the oil samples, except for peroxide and pH, were significantly (p < 0.05) different. The peroxide value of Piper guineense oil sample was 0.92 ± 0.01 mEq/Kg while Xylopia aethiopica oil gave a peroxide value of 13.35 ± 0.05 mEq/Kg which suggested that some level of oxidation might have occurred in the Xylopia aethiopica oil between the time of extraction and analysis. The iodine, saponification and ester values of Piper guineense oil sample were 13.66 ±0.70 gI2/100g; 13.18 ± 0.98 mgKOH/g and 154.97 ±1.10 mgKOH/g whereas those of Xylopia aethiopica oil were 75.30 ± 1.83 gI2/100g; 171.82 ± 5.07 mgKOH/g and 108.70 ± 1.50 mgKOH/g, respectively. However, their acid values (21.48 ± 1.21 mgKOH/g for Piper guineense and 16.85 ± 1.64 mgKOH/g for Xylopia aethiopica) and free fatty acid values (10.74 ± 0.82 mgKOH/g for Piper guineense and 8.43 ± 0.41 mgKOH/g for Xylopia aethiopica) were low whereas their unsaponifiable matter values were correspondingly high (69.16 ± 1.03% for Piper guineense and 19.16 ± 0.92% for Xylopia aethiopica) when compared to those of some popular seed oils. Their pH values at 25oC were mildly acidic (5.76 ± 0.08 for Piper guineense and 5.10 ± 0.07 for Xylopia aethiopica). Some level of antioxidant activity was observed in the two oil samples. Thus, the oil samples investigated could be classified as non-drying.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Molecular Analysis of Aquaporin Genes 1 to 4 in Patients with Menière’s Disease

Menière′s Disease (MD) is an episodic cochleovestibular dysfunction of unknown etiology, still lacking a specific test and therapy. The proposed theories on the pathophysiology include genetic factors and factors relating to inner ear homeostasis. Various aquaporins (AQP), water channels, expressed in the inner ear and the vestibular organ, are involved in homeostasis. Mutations in AQP genes could result in disturbed inner ear homeostasis and endolymphatic hydrops, and therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of MD.  To search for mutations in AQP1 to 4 in patients suffering from MD.  In patients with definite MD, DNA was extracted from whole blood. The coding sequences of AQP1 to 4 were amplified by PCR reaction and sequenced.  One sequence alteration, homozygous c.105G->C (conservative change without alteration of amino acid) in AQP3was detected in 11 out of 34 patients but not in 100 control chromosomes.  By itself the detected alteration is unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of MD. However, together with an additional modifying gene an effect can not be excluded. Additional regions (introns, splice-sites) and other genes involved in inner ear homeostasis need to be analyzed to identify a possible molecular alteration in MD.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Rekristallisationserscheinungen bei Aluminium. II

ZusammenfassungBei starker Deformation werden bei einer Rekristallisation, welche durch die inneren Spannungen verursacht wird, die sich bildenden Kristalle so klein, daß wieder eine Rekristallisation eintreten kann. Diese zweite Art der Rekristallisation ist nun nicht nur von dem Bearbeitungsgrad, sondern, im Gegensatz zu der früher besprochenen Bearbeitungsrekristallisation, in hohem Maße von dem Ausgangszustand des Materials abhängig. — Untersuchungen über die Rekristallisation an reinem Aluminium ergaben, daß im Vergleich mit technischem Aluminium die Erscheinungen nur quantitativ verschieden sind. Die Erscheinungen sind aber viel verwickelter, weil beim reinen Aluminium die sogenannte Oberflächenrekristallisation viel schneller verläuft als beim technischen Aluminium und dadurch nicht so leicht von der Bearbeitungsrekristallisation zu trennen ist. Daher bedarf auch die früher aufgestellte Verfestigungsregel beim reinen Aluminium einer kleinen Einschränkung.

Field of study: Physics
Long‐term kinetics of AA amyloidosis and effects of inflammatory restimulation after disappearance of amyloid depositions in mice

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular pathogenic deposition of insoluble fibril protein in various body organs. Deposited amyloid generally remains in a variety of organs for long periods, but its disappearance has been reported after the precursor protein is diminished. The kinetics of AA deposition are not completely understood and, in particular, the roles of cells and cytokines in the deposition and clearance of amyloid remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the disappearance of amyloid depositions in mice over a 1‐year period. AA amyloidosis was induced experimentally in mice by injecting amyloid‐enhancing factor (AEF) and silver nitrate. Mice were killed at different time‐points to examine the occurrence and disappearance of amyloid depositions. Maximum levels of amyloid depositions were observed at 20 days after inoculation. Clearance of amyloid depositions was observed from the 40th day onwards, with only minute traces of amyloid present by 240 days. A second inflammatory stimulus consisting of AEF and silver nitrate was given at 330 or 430 days, after amyloid depositions had disappeared almost completely. After that, serum amyloid A was overproduced and redeposition of amyloid was observed, indicating that all mice were primed for aggressive amyloid depositions. After administration of the inflammatory stimuli, the proinflammatory environment was found to have increased levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, while anti‐inflammatory conditions were established by IL‐10 as regression of amyloid deposition occurred. These results suggest that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory status have key roles in both amyloid deposition and clearance.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Effect of polydispersity to specific absorption rate

Institute of Nuclear Research, P.O.Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, HungaryThe predictions of a newly developed Bloch-Bloembergen alike analytic magnetization model are comparedto experimental results. The effect of size polydipersity on the speciﬁc absorption loss is demonstrated for themagnetic nanoparticles containing media. Speciﬁc absorpt ion rate shows resonance like behivior as a functionof particle size. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The dominace of theNeel relaxation over the Brownian one is demonstrated.

Field of study: Physics
Endorsement of the CONSORT Principles in Reporting Alcohol Clinical Trials in ACER.

THIS ISSUE OF Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) contains two critical reviews by Witkiewitz and colleagues (2015a,b) on alcohol clinical trials methods and reporting. These are comprehensive reviews of key areas of importance to alcohol clinical trialists and readers of their reports in the literature. As a co-author of the reviews, I concur with their recommendations for alcohol clinical trial design and reporting, as do the other senior editors ofACER. We have taken this occasion of the publication of the reviews as an opportunity to implement new policies on trial reporting. Henceforth, all clinical trials to be reported in ACER must adhere to the principles of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), as embodied in the CONSORT checklist (http://www.consort-statement. org/checklists/view/32-consort/66-title) and the CONSORT flow diagram (http://www.consort-statement.org/consortstatement/flow-diagram), both of which must accompany the manuscript at the time of its initial submission. Details of this requirement now appear in the journal’s instructions for authors. The goal of this change is to improve the quality of clinical trial reports published in ACER, consistent with the findings by Ladd and colleagues (2010) that the quality of alcohol treatment outcome studies was greater in journals that adopted the CONSORT principles than those published by nonadopters. This change in policy puts ACER in the company of 585 other journals that endorse CONSORT (http://www.consort-statement.org/about-consort/endorsers). The reviews by Witkiewitz and colleagues (2015a,b) provide a clear rationale for the reporting requirements and a detailed discussion of the best methods to use in alcohol clinical trials. A concern that may arise in implementing these standards is the impact ofACER’s page limitations, which remain in place despite the journal’s move to electronic publication. In this regard, it should be noted that the checklist is required only for the purposes of the review and will not be published. Further, the inclusion of the CONSORT diagram in the body of the report does not count toward the word limits that are applied to research reports in ACER. The diagram can also be presented in supplementary material, along with lengthy descriptions of any methodological issues (e.g., power calculations), which does not affect the journal’s word limits or page charges. We look forward to continuing to publish topquality alcohol clinical trials in ACER, an effort that we believe will be enhanced by these changes.

Field of study: Medicine
Differences in the success of sugar maple and red maple seedlings on acid soils are influenced by nutrient dynamics and light environment

Variation in tolerance to nutrient limitations may contribute to the differential success of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple ( Acer rubrum L.) on acid soils. The objectives of this study were to examine these relationships as influenced by light environment and test whether sensitivity to nutrient stress is mediated by oxidative stress. First-year sugar maple and red seedlings were grown on forest soil cores contrasting in nutrient availability under high or low light intensity. Foliar nutrition, photosynthesis, growth and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed. Photosynthesis and growth of sugar maple were significantly lower on nutrient-poor soils and were correlated with leaf nutrient status with Ca and P having the strongest influence. For red maple, only chlorophyll content showed sensitivity to the nutrient-poor soils. High light exacerbated the negative effects of nutrient imbalances on photosynthesis and growth in sugar maple. Antioxidant enzyme activity in sugar maple was highest in seedlings growing on nutrient-poor soils and was inversely correlated with photosynthesis, Ca, P, and Mg concentrations. These results suggest that: (1) sugar maple is more sensitive to nutrient stresses associated with low pH soils than red maple; (2) high light increases sugar maple sensitivity to nutrient stress; (3) the negative effects of nutrient imbalances on sugar maple may be mediated by oxidative stress.

Field of study: Environmental science
Medial hypothalamic involvement in maternal aggression of rats.

: Extensive electrolytic lesions of the medial hypothalamus, or more restricted ones in its ventral division, decreased maternal aggression in rats operated upon on postpartum Days 2 and 3 and tested with female intruders 4 days later. Maternal aggression was attenuated also in mothers receiving intrahypothalamic infusions with ibotenic acid or parasagittal knife cuts along the lateral border of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus; in addition, the females with ibotenate lesions or knife cuts showed impaired lordosis behavior. None of the hypothalamic interventions were associated with deficits in pup retrieval. Lactation was impaired in groups with hypothalamic electrocoagulations but not in mothers with ibotenate lesions or knife cuts. The results suggest that the ventromedial hypothalamus and its lateral connections participate in control of maternal aggression.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
No. 49042. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Serbia

Loan Agreement (Second Programmatic Public Expenditure Development Policy Loan) be-tween the Republic of Serbia and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-opment (with schedules, appendix and International Bank for Reconstruction and De-velopment General Conditions for Loans, dated 31 July 2010). Belgrade, 27 May 2011

Field of study: Political science
Impact of an Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience on Students' Performance in an Advanced Practice Experience

To determine the impact of an introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) on students' clinical skills during their initial advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE).  A 4-week First Steps course that focused on students developing pharmacy practice skills, clinical communications skills, and effective use of reference materials was introduced in 2006 at the end of the third-year curriculum, prior to students beginning their APPEs. Assessment. During the third week of the first APPE, faculty members rated students' demonstration of 9 clinical skills on a 5-point Likert scale (1 being always and 5 being never). The evaluation was performed in 2005 prior to implementation of the course (control group) and again in 2006 after implementation of the course. Students who completed the First Steps course scored better on all 9 skills and had a better average clinical skills value (2.3) compared to the control group (2.6, p < 0.01).  Completion of an IPPE course that focused on critical pharmacy practice aspects, clinical communication skills, and use of reference materials resulted in increased frequency of desired clinical behaviors on a subsequent APPE.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
The Effectiveness of Frayer Model on the Acquisition of the Concepts of Chemistry among 9th Grade Students in Jordan

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Frayer model in acquiring the concepts of chemistry in the ninth grade students in Jordan, the importance of the study appears as it emphasizes the growing interest in the process of teaching concepts and learning it, and it is the unit of building the educational material and the basic brick in the educational ladder and the basis for more advanced learning, it also seeks to detect the effect of the Frayer model in the teaching of chemical concepts may raise the attention of chemistry teachers to use it in the educational process - learning. In this study, the researcher used the experimental approach and divided the sample into two groups, the experimental group that its students are exposed to the independent variable (Frayer model) when teaching chemistry, and the control group whose student is not exposed to the effect of the independent variable and is taught in the traditional way. And the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS program; the following statistical treatments were used: the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the equation difficulty equation, the equalization of discrimination, the equation of the effectiveness of alternatives and the equation of Spearman Brown and T-test. The results of this study showed the superiority of the female students of the experimental group which were taught using the Frayer model on female students in the control group which were taught by the conventional way of acquiring chemical concepts.  Frayer Model, Acquisition of the Concepts of Chemistry, ninth grade students, conventional way DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-14-16 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Field of study: Education