nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature and soil water content on bacterial, archaeal and denitrifying microbial communities in drained fen grassland soil microcosms.

In this study, microcosms were used to investigate the influence of temperature (4 and 28 degrees C) and water content (45% and 90% WHC) on microbial communities and activities in carbon-rich fen soil. Bacterial, archaeal and denitrifier community composition was assessed during incubation of microcosms for 12 weeks using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiling of 16S rRNA and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes. In addition, microbial and denitrifier abundance, potential denitrification activity and production of greenhouse gases were measured. No detectable changes were observed in prokaryote or denitrifier abundance. In general, cumulatively after 12 weeks more carbon was respired at the higher temperature (3.7 mg CO(2) g(-1) soil), irrespective of the water content, whereas nitrous oxide production was greater under wet conditions (98-336 microg N(2)O g(-1) soil). After an initial lag phase, methane emissions (963 microg CH(4) g(-1) soil) were observed only under warm and wet conditions. T-RFLP analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA and nosZ genes revealed small or undetectable community changes in response to temperature and water content, suggesting that bacterial and denitrifying microbial communities are stable and do not respond significantly to seasonal changes in soil conditions. In contrast, archaeal microbial community structure was more dynamic and was strongly influenced by temperature.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Erratum: Myoung, S.C.; Su-Tae, K.; Bang, Y.L.; Kyeong-Taek, K.; Gum-Sung, R. Improvement in Predicting the Post-Cracking Tensile Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Cementitious Composites Based on Fiber Orientation Distribution. Materials 2016, 9, 829

1.The authors wish to remove the symbol "†", which indicates the equal contribution from each author. The correct authorship is shown below:[...].

Field of study: Materials science
Comparison between Immigrant and Spanish Native-Born Pathological Gambling Patients

The study compared clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles between immigrants and Spanish native-born pathological gambling patients. A total of 1,601 native-born and 133 immigrant patients attending treatment at a specialized hospital unit were administered a battery of questionnaires during clinical assessment. Outcome measures were compared between both groups and the incremental predictive accuracy of the area of origin was examined using a regression model. Native-born Spaniards showed a mean 2.6 yr. greater duration of the disorder, while immigrants scored higher on South Oaks Gambling Screen, frequency of going to casinos, and total money spent (in a single day and / or to recover losses). General psychopathology and personality scores did not differ between the cohorts. However, immigration from Asia had a statistically significantly incremental validity for pathological gambling in South Oaks Gambling Screen scores. Both cohorts shared more similarities than differences in their gambling profiles.

Field of study: Psychology
Custodians of the land : technology

The Karkloof Valley in KwaZuluNatal has several sites of natural significance and beauty, some of them virtually unknown. In contemplating how some of these magnificent spots, including the Karkloof Falls and the little known Grey Mare's Tail could be incorporated in an avian / ecotourism initiative in the area, the local farmers set about ways of sharing their paradise with others.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Acousto-Optic Stabilization of Laser Beam Intensity

The results from studying a system for stabilizing laser beam intensity based on an acousto-optic modulator are presented. An equation that describes the dynamic processes and the system’s operating modes is obtained. It is shown that the stabilization coefficient is determined by the signal transmission coefficient in the feedback circuit and the position of the operating point on the amplitude characteristic of acousto-optic interaction.

Field of study: Physics
Air quality impacts mortality in acute medical admissions.

Air quality degraded by black smoke (particulate matter, PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) affects human health. Improvements following national legislation have lowered death rates. Whether background air pollution levels continue to affect human health remains unclear.



To determine impact of air pollutant concentrations (PM10, SO2 and NO(x)) on in-hospital mortality for acute medical admissions to St James's Hospital over a decade (2002-11).



All emergency admissions (55,596 episodes in n = 32,581 patients) were tracked prospectively and mortality assessed. Daily levels of PM10, SO2 and NO(x) were obtained from monitoring stations in our catchment area.



Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine relationships between pollutant concentration and odds ratio (OR) for death following adjustment for other mortality predictors.



Mortality related to each pollutant variable assessed (as quintiles of increasing atmospheric concentration) was significantly predictive. For PM10 and SO2, mortality in the highest three quintile concentrations (compared with base quintile) was significantly increased (P < 0.001) with univariate ORs of 1.24, 1.36 and 1.25 for PM10 and 1.43, 1.54 and 1.58 for SO2, respectively. Mortality in all quintile concentrations (compared with base quintile) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) for NO(x) with univariate ORs of 1.14, 1.18, 1.28 and 1.35, respectively. Following adjustment for other mortality predictors such as acute illness severity, all three air pollutants were independently predictive of mortality.



Despite improvement to air quality in Dublin, the prevailing background pollutant concentrations continue to affect human health at levels considered safe and below that previously recognized.

Field of study: Medicine
Industry Organization and First-professional Degree Quality Assurance in America——The Function of ABA in the J.D.Degree Program as an Example

In the present social context of professionalization,as industry organizations are consistent with cultivating institutions in ensuring the quality of professional personnel,their cooperation is possible and urgent.American industrial organization plays a very important role in ensuring the quality of first-professional degree through leading professional programmatic accreditation,guiding personnel training,and participating in professional certification examination.It is of important value for our professional graduate education to construct the system of quality assurance.

Field of study: Education
The primary-specialty care interface in chronic diseases: patient and practice characteristics associated with co-management.

Specialist physicians may act either as consultants or co-managers for patients with chronic diseases along with their primary healthcare (PHC) physician. We assessed factors associated with specialist involvement.



We used questionnaire and administrative data to measure co-management and patient and PHC practice characteristics in 702 primary care patients with common chronic diseases. Analysis included multilevel logistic regressions.



In all, 27% of the participants were co-managed. Persons with more severe chronic diseases and lower health-related quality of life were more likely to be co-managed. Persons who were older, had a lower socioeconomic status, resided in rural regions and who were followed in a PHC practice with an advanced practice nurse were less likely to be co-managed.



Co-management of patients with chronic diseases by a specialist is associated with higher clinical needs but demonstrates social inequalities. PHC practices more adapted to chronic care may help optimize specialist resources utilization.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Shortening the Libert-Peters-Yung Revocable Group Signature Scheme by Using the Random Oracle Methodology

In EUROCRYPT 2012, Libert, Peters and Yung (LPY) proposed the first scalable revocable group signature (R-GS) scheme in the standard model which achieves constant signing/verification costs and other costs regarding signers are at most logarithmic in N , where N is the maximum number of group members. However, although the LPY R-GS scheme is asymptotically quite efficient, this scheme is not sufficiently efficient in practice. For example, the signature size of the LPY scheme is roughly 10 times larger than that of the RSA signature (in 160-bit security). In this paper, we propose a compact R-GS scheme secure in the random oracle model that is efficient not only in the asymptotic sense but also in practical parameter settings. We achieve the same efficiency as the LPY scheme in an asymptotic sense, and the signature size is nearly equal to that of the RSA signature (in 160-bit security). It is particularly worth noting that our R-GS scheme has the smallest signature size compared to those of previous R-GS schemes which enable constant signing/verification costs. Our technique, which we call parallel Boneh–Boyen–Shacham group signature technique, helps to construct a R-GS scheme without following the technique used in LPY, i.e., we directly apply the Naor–Naor–Lotspiech framework without using any identity-based encryption.  group signature, revocation, scalability.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Parity-dependent proximity effect in superconductor/antiferromagnet heterostructures

We report the effect on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of a Nb film proximity coupled to the synthetic antiferromagnet Fe/{Cr/Fe}_(N-1). We find that there is a parity dependence of Tc on the total number of Fe layers, N; locally Tc is always a maximum when N is even, and a minimum when N is odd. The Fe electron mean free path and coherence length are indicative of dirty limit behavior; as such, we numerically model our data using the linearized Usadel equations with good correlation.

Field of study: Physics
Vector measure for explicit nonlinear impulsive system of glycerol bioconversion in fed-batch cultures and its parameter identification

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamical system of fed-batch fermentation is investigated in the process of bio-dissimilation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Taking into account the abrupt changes of concentrations of glycerol and the priority of the value of state to the jump in fed-batch culture, we propose a explicit nonlinear impulsive dynamical system of glycerol bioconversion to 1,3-propanediol driven by a vector-valued measure in fed-batch fermentation, which is fit for the factual fermentation better than continuous models in being. We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the impulsive system. Because of errors between experimental results and numerical simulation results of the proposed impulsive system, we establish the parameter identification model for the impulsive system and discuss the identifiability of the parameters and continuous dependence on parameters. Finally in order to find the optimal parameters of the impulsive system, a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is constructed. Numerical results of simulations show that the optimization algorithm is valid.

Field of study: Mathematics
Dating lacustrine episodes in the eastern Sahara by the epimerization of isoleucine in ostrich eggshells

The eggshell of the African ostrich, Struthio camelus, closely approximates a closed system for the retention of indigenous proteinaceous residues. Epimerization of the protein amino acid isoleucine follows linear first-order kinetics in laboratory simulations nearly to racemic equilibrium, and the variation in D/L ratio within a single fragment, or between fragments of the same age, is significantly less than in other carbonate systems. These observations suggest that the extent of isoleucine epimerization (aIle/Ile ratio) in ostrich eggshell offers the potential for high-resolution geochronology of Quaternary deposits. From the simulation experiments, and dated early Holocene samples for which we have in situ mean annual sediment temperature measurements, Arrhenius parameters have been calculated; the activation energy is 30.33 kcal mol−1, similar to that of other carbonate systems. 
 
We have measured the aIle/Ile ratio in ostrich eggshell associated with lacustrine episodes at Bir Tarfawi and Bir Sahara East, two depressions in what is currently the hyperarid eastern Sahara. The ratios can be used directly to indicate qualitatively the time represented by each series of lake sediment, and to correlate disjunct lacustrine deposits within and between the basins. Uranium-series disequilibrium dating of algal mats contained within some of the lake beds indicate that a major wet interval occurred about 130 ka ago. Using the U-series date for calibration, the amino acid ratios are used to date the most recent lacustrine interval to about 100 ka B.P., and two older intervals, one about 200 ± 25 ka B.P., and an older interval that occurred prior to 250 ka ago.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
The Impact of Cooperation and Competition on Metacognitive Monitoring in Classroom Context

Metacognitive monitoring skills are crucial for middle school students to improve academic performance and promote self-regulation. The current study examined the effect of social interaction on metacognitive monitoring training assessed by calibration accuracy measures and performance on comprehension items. Sixth-grade students (N = 84) assigned to competitive, cooperative, and individual conditions completed multiple-choice comprehension items and item-level confidence judgments for expository and narrative reading passages in eight sessions distributed over six weeks. Results indicated no improvement in monitoring accuracy due to classroom conditions. In contrast, overconfidence increased for students in the competitive condition across the intervention. However, students in the cooperative condition demonstrated higher comprehension on the final training passage relative to students in the other two conditions. In addition, text interest was positively related to students’ judgment accuracy in the cooperative and individual conditions but not in the competitive condition. This study underscores the importance of social context with regard to metacognitive processes and performance outcomes during classroom instruction.

Field of study: Education
Tectonic history of the western Tethys since the Late Triassic

The tectonic history of the western Tethys since the Late Triassic is illustrated through a set of computer-generated plate reconstructions, which are based on a rigorous plate motions model of this region. The model is constrained by the Atlantic plate kinematics and on-land geologic evidence and defines 13 tectonic phases, spanning the time interval from the late Ladinian (230 Ma) to the present. The kinematics associated with the Late Triassic western Tethyan rifts produced the detachment of a large composite fragment from the northern margin of Gondwana. It can be considered as the eastern propagation of the central Pangea breakup. During the Early Jurassic these rift zones became inactive, while new zones of extension formed along the southern margin of Eurasia, the eastern margin of Iberia, and within the rifted northern Gondwana fragment itself. Plate motions associated with the first two extensional centers can still be considered as an eastern branch of the central Atlantic plate kinematics. Conversely, the kinematic parameters of the latter rift result from the composition of the Euler rotation describing the central Pangea breakup and the Euler pole of closure of the paleo–Tethys ocean. The Late Triassic–Early Jurassic rifting phases determined the formation of a number of independent microplates at the interface between Africa and Eurasia. Starting from the Early Cretaceous, convergence between Africa and Eurasia triggered further deformation within the dispersed continental fragments and the formation of backarc basins at the active margins, ultimately leading to an increase in the number of tectonic elements that were moving independently in the western Tethyan region during the Late Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. The proposed tectonic evolution of the western Tethys area is compatible with both global-scale plate kinematics and geological constraints from on-land data observed across the present-day mosaic of displaced terranes surrounding the Mediterranean region.

Field of study: Geology
Temporal evolution of fault systems in the Upper Jurassic of the Central German Molasse Basin: case study Unterhaching

The structural evolution of faults in foreland basins is linked to a complex basin history ranging from extension to contraction and inversion tectonics. Faults in the Upper Jurassic of the German Molasse Basin, a Cenozoic Alpine foreland basin, play a significant role for geothermal exploration and are therefore imaged, interpreted and studied by 3D seismic reflection data. Beyond this applied aspect, the analysis of these seismic data help to better understand the temporal evolution of faults and respective stress fields. In 2009, a 27 km2 3D seismic reflection survey was conducted around the Unterhaching Gt 2 well, south of Munich. The main focus of this study is an in-depth analysis of a prominent v-shaped fault block structure located at the center of the 3D seismic survey. Two methods were used to study the periodic fault activity and its relative age of the detected faults: (1) horizon flattening and (2) analysis of incremental fault throws. Slip and dilation tendency analyses were conducted afterwards to determine the stresses resolved on the faults in the current stress field. Two possible kinematic models explain the structural evolution: One model assumes a left-lateral strike slip fault in a transpressional regime resulting in a positive flower structure. The other model incorporates crossing conjugate normal faults within a transtensional regime. The interpreted successive fault formation prefers the latter model. The episodic fault activity may enhance fault zone permeability hence reservoir productivity implying that the analysis of periodically active faults represents an important part in successfully targeting geothermal wells.

Field of study: Environmental science
Focus on cross-scale feedbacks in global sustainable land management

Ralf Seppelt , PeterHVerburg, AlbertNorström,WolfgangCramer andTomášVáclavík 1 UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Computational Landscape Ecology, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany 2 Institute ofGeoscience&Geography,Martin-Luther-UniversityHalle-Wittenberg, D-06099Halle (Saale), Germany 3 iDiv—GermanCentre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 4 Institute for Environmental Studies, VUUniversity Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081HVAmsterdam, TheNetherlands 5 Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 6 StockholmResilience Centre, StockholmUniversity, Sweden 7 Mediterranean Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), AixMarseille University, CNRS, IRD, AvignonUniversity, Aix-enProvence, France 8 PalackýUniversity Olomouc, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, 78371Olomouc, CzechRepublic

Field of study: Environmental science
Commissioning Test Results of Variable-Temperature Helium Refrigerator/Liquefier for NIFS Superconducting Magnet Test Facility

The superconducting magnet test facility in the National Institute for Fusion Science has been upgraded for excitation tests at a wide temperature range and a higher magnetic field of 13 T. As part of the upgrade, the helium refrigerator/liquefier that operated for 24 years was replaced with a variable-temperature helium refrigerator/liquefier. The required liquefaction rate is 250 L/h, and the required refrigeration capacity is 600 W at 4.5 K, same as the previous one. In addition, it has a new feature that can supply helium gas of a wide temperature range. The typical design cooling capacity is 1 kW under the condition of 20-K supply/30-K return and 1.5 kW under the condition of 40-K supply/50-K return. After the replacement, a series of commissioning tests were performed under the various operational conditions. From the results, the satisfactory thermodynamic performance was confirmed. In the future, it is expected that the substantial progress will be made in the development of large-scale superconducting magnets with advanced superconductors such as high-temperature superconductors and MgB2. The design of the variable-temperature helium refrigerator/liquefier and the results of the commissioning tests are reported in detail.

Field of study: Physics
[D'autres façons de savoir: L'analyse critique du discours pour réexaminer la collaboration intraprofessionnelle].

> Kevin, un homme de 64 ans, travaille a temps plein et prend des medicaments pour un diabete de type 2, une hypercholesterolemie, de la depression et de l’hypertension. Lors du diagnostic initial de diabete, son medecin de famille d’alors avait demande une consultation pour Kevin avec

Field of study: Medicine
Constraint and Coordination: The Mission of Internal Management Change in Higher Education Institutions

The establishment of the modern university system calls for higher education institutions to set up a structure of power in which the powers of policy-making,implementation and supervision check each other and function in coordination;it constructs a systematic framework in which professors administrate academic affairs,the president runs management and democratic supervision is implemented;and forms an inner power operation mechanism featuring reasonable structure,scientific policy-making,smooth implementation,forceful supervision and efficient operation.

Field of study: Education
New enhancements to the SOCKS communication network security protocol: Schemes and performance evaluation

In this paper we propose two new enhancements to the SOCKS protocol in the areas of IP multicasting and UDP tunneling. Most network firewalls deployed at the entrance to a private network block multicast traffic. This is because of potential security threats inherent with IP multicast. Multicasting is the backbone of many Internet technologies like voice and video conferencing, real time gaming, multimedia streaming, and online stock quotes, among others. There is a need to be able to safely and securely allow multicast streams to enter into and leave a protected enterprise network. Securing multicast streams is challenging. It poses many architectural issues. The SOCKS protocol is typically implemented in a network firewall as an application-layer gateway. Our first enhancement in the area of IP multicast to the SOCKS protocol is to enable the application of security and access control policies and safely allow multicast traffic to enter into the boundaries of a protected enterprise network. The second enhancement we propose is to allow the establishment of a tunnel between two protected networks that have SOCKS based firewalls to transport UDP datagrams.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering