nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of HPV-16 type L2 genes from cervical carcinoma biopsies in southern Xinjiang Uygur women

To study the mutations of HPV-16 type L2 genes of cervical carcinoma biopsies from Uygur women in southern Xinjiang, and to analyze the changes of L2 protein function.  The tissue DNA was extracted from cervical carcinoma biopsies. HPV-16 L2 genes were amplified by PCR, HPV-16 type L2 genes were sequenced and analyzed.  The positive rate of HPV-16 L2 was 84.21%(16/19). We sequenced DNA found some mutations in comparison with the previously published sequence of prototype HPV-16 L2. Some of the mutations changed the triplet codes, subsequently led to changes of amino acids. The mutations of all twelve HPV-16 L2 fragments formed seven patterns(XJL2-1 to XJL2-7) at nucleic acid level. Compare to HPV-16 prototype, their homology was 99.37% to 99.79%. The mutations of all twelve HPV-16 L2 fragments formed five patterns at amino acid level, among the mutations XJL1-1/2/3 was by 66.67% (8/12).  HPV-16 type L2 genes from cervical carcinoma biopsies had some mutations in Uygur women from southern Xinjiang, and formed several patterns as well as mainstream pattern. The mutations of L2 proteins changed its hydrophobicity and antigenicity. The research suggested that the mutations of HPV-16 type L2 genes can explain HPV-16 phylogenesis and escaping from immune recognition.

Field of study: Biology
ID: 86: Defining the functional binding sites of IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R to Janus kinases

The Interleukin (IL)-12-type cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 show structural similarities but have different functions in the immune system. They are involved in T helper (Th) 1 or Th17 immunity, respectively. Both cytokines are heterodimers composed of the shared IL-12p40 subunit and IL-12p35 or IL-23p19, respectively, and share the IL-12Rβ1 as one component of their receptor signaling complexes. The second receptor for IL-12 signaling is IL-12Rβ2 and for IL-23 signal transduction IL-23R. Stimulation of cells containing the appropriate receptors with IL-12 or IL-23 results in activation of receptor-associated Janus kinases (Jak) and phosphorylation of STAT proteins in target cells. The Janus kinase Tyrosine kinase (Tyk) 2 was shown to associate with IL-12Rβ1, whereas Jak2 binds to the IL-23R and also to the IL-12Rβ2. Association of Janus kinases to receptors is mediated by so-called Box1 and Box2 motifs within the intracellular domain of the receptor chains. We have defined the hypothesized Box1 and Box2 binding sites in the IL-12Rβ1 and an unusual Jak2 binding site in the IL-23R by the use of deletion variants and site-directed mutagenesis. Non-functional box motifs abrogate IL-12 and IL-23 induced STAT phosphorylation and cytokine-dependent proliferation of respective generated Ba/F3 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of Tyk2 by IL-12Rβ1 and Jak2 by IL 23R support our findings. In summary, we characterize the functional association of IL 12Rβ1 with Tyk2 and IL-23R with Jak2, which are mandatory for IL-12 and/or IL-23 signaling.

Field of study: Medicine
Impact of the Internet on Manufacturing Trade

The article investigates the impact of the number of Internet users on the bilateral manufacturing export growth among OECD countries. We employ the gravity model using panel and cross-section regressions. The empirical results suggest that the Internet stimulates manufacturing export. The effect of the number of Internet users is found to be significant in the importing countries, and to a lesser extent in the exporting countries, suggesting that the number of Internet users improves information on the availability of manufacturing trade, reduces trade costs, enhances competition, and encourages manufacturing exports. The increase in the number of Internet users has also mitigated the effect of distance on manufacturing exports. The number of Internet users as a factor of manufacturing export growth provides support for a more intensive role of computer information systems in global manufacturing trade activities.

Field of study: Computer science
New Confidence Intervals for the Proportion of Interest in One-Sample Correlated Binary Data

Correlated binary data is obtained in many fields of biomedical research. When constructing a confidence interval for the proportion of interest, asymptotic confidence intervals have already been developed. However, such asymptotic confidence intervals are unreliable in small samples. To improve the performance of asymptotic confidence intervals in small samples, we obtain the Edgeworth expansion of the distribution of the studentized mean of beta-binomial random variables. Then, we propose new asymptotic confidence intervals by correcting the skewness in the Edgeworth expansion in one direct and two indirect ways. New confidence intervals are compared with the existing confidence intervals in simulation studies.

Field of study: Mathematics
Changes of Lotus-seed Hardness During Thermal Processing and Storage

The hardness of dried lotus-seed and fresh lotus-seed during thermal processing and storage was comparatively investigated in this paper.The results showed that the hardness of lotus-seed was decreased,and the decreasing degree was greater with the increasing temperature during thermal processing.The fresh lotus-seed could bear 12-minutes thermal processing at most,while it was 25minutes when it turned to dried lotus-seed.In addition,in order to make sure lotus seed became fully curing,the temperature of thermal processing should be 90 ℃ at least.In the storage of lotus-seed after thermal processing,the hardness was gradually increased during the first 7 days and then hold steady.And the hardness of dried lotus-seed was all higher than fresh lotus-seed which was 1.4 to 1.6 times than that of fresh lotus-seed.The cataclysmic hot and cold made the changes of hardness of fresh lotus-seed relatively stable(from 99.11% down to 55.58%) and kekt a better structure,which was beneficial to the deep processing of lotus-seed.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Orientational dependence of transient gratings in multiple quantum well structures

Recent experiments measuring transient grating decay in multiple quantum well structures have revealed a strong orientation dependence for the decay rate. The authors argue that this dependence can be explained by a differential cross-well diffusion of electrons and holes leading to charge separation and drift fields enhancing the in-plane diffusion. The analysis suggests that the cross-well diffusion rate mechanism changes at some critical angle of grating orientation.

Field of study: Materials science
Temperature dependence of two parameters in a photosynthesis model

The temperature dependence of the photosynthetic parameters Vcmax, the maximum catalytic rate of the enzyme Rubisco, and Jmax, the maximum electron transport rate, were examined using published datasets. An Arrehenius equation, modified to account for decreases in each parameter at high temperatures, satisfactorily described the temperature response for both parameters. There was remarkable conformity in Vcmax and Jmax between all plants at Tleaf   30 °C. For both normalized Vcmax and Jmax, the maximum fractional error introduced by assuming a common temperature response function is  30 °C. The ratio Jmax/Vcmax varies with temperature, but analysis of the ratio at Tleaf = 25 °C using the fitted mean temperature response functions results in Jmax0/Vcmax0 = 2·00 ± 0·60 (SD, n = 43).

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis of Iddq failures by spectral photon emission microscopy

In this work, a fast identification of I ddq failures using spectroscopic photon emission microscopy (SPEMMI) is proposed. The spectra obtained from failure sites on the I ddq failed chips were compared with the ones of known defective components. Four distinguishable spectra categories were identified. They were attributed to gate oxide breakdown, metal shorts, blackbody radiation, and ESD caused junction spiking. The focused ion beam (FIB) technique was used to look at the damage sites for confirmation of the SPEMMI results.

Field of study: Engineering
Coordinate transformation in the model of long Josephson junctions: geometrically equivalent Josephson junctions

The transition from the model of a long Josephson junction of variable width to the model of a junction with a coordinate-dependent Josephson current amplitude is effected through a coordinate transformation. This establishes the correspondence between the classes of Josephson junctions of variable width and quasi-one-dimensional junctions with a variable thickness of the barrier layer. It is shown that for a junction of exponentially varying width the barrier layer of the equivalent quasi-one-dimensional junction has a distributed resistive inhomogeneity that acts as an attractor for magnetic flux vortices. The curve of the critical current versus magnetic field for a Josephson junction with a resistive microinhomogeneity is constructed with the aid of a numerical simulation, and a comparison is made with the critical curve of a junction of exponentially varying width. The possibility of replacing a distributed inhomogeneity in a Josephson junction by a local inhomogeneity at the end of the junction is t...

Field of study: Physics
Efficiency of Personal and Administrative Skills for Managerial Leadership on Administrative Creativity at Najran University

This research aims to identify the level of personal skills and leadership management at the Najran University in Saudi Arabia. And the efficiency of those skills in administrative creativity. Research sample amounted (39) administrative leaders at Najran University. Researchers designed two questionnaires for measuring personal and administrative skills. First one aimed to measure personal skills& administrative skills consist of (30) statements divided into two Axis (personal skills16 statements - administrative skills 14 statements). The second one to measure administrative creativity of leadership consists of 21 statements. The most important results showed a high level of personal and administrative skills and medium level of administrative creativity to Najran University administrative leaders as well as a positive correlation between both personal and administrative variables and the level of administrative creativity.  skills, administrative creativity

Field of study: Education
REACTION OF ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLIC ACIDS ESTERS WITH 4,5-DIHYDRO-1 H -PYRAZOLE-1-CARBOTHIOAMIDES AND 3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2 H -1,2,4-TRIAZEPINE-3-THIONES

The reactions of dimethyl acetylenecarboxylate with 3,4,5,6‑tetrahydro‑2 H ‑1,2,4‑triazepine‑3‑thiones and 4,5‑dihydro‑1 H ‑pyrazole‑1‑carbothioamides are convenient methods for the synthesis of 7,8‑dihydrothiazolo[3,2‑ b ][1,2,4]triazepin‑3‑ones derivatives and methyl esters of (2 Z )-[2-(4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-5(4 H )-ylidene]acetic acids, respectively. The reaction of methyl propynoates with 4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrazole-1-carbothioamides or with 5,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H‑1,2,4‑triazepine‑3‑thione gives 2‑(4,5‑dihydro-1 H ‑pyrazol‑1‑yl)-4 H ‑1,3‑thiazin‑4‑ones.  A. Danilkina, L. E. Mikhaylov, and B. A. Ivin English Translation in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , 2011, 47 (7), pp 886-900 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10593-011-0850-9

Field of study: Chemistry
Preference for mixed versus constant delay of reinforcement.

Preference for constant and mixed delay of reinforcement was studied using concurrent equal variable-interval schedules. For four pigeons, pecking one key was reinforced following constant delays of 8 sec and mixed delays of 6 or 10 and 2 or 14 sec. Pecking a second key was reinforced following constant delays of 0, 8, 16, and 32 sec. For two additional pigeons, pecking one key was reinforced following delays of 30, 15 or 45, 5 or 55, and 0 or 60 sec. Reinforcements on the other key were delayed 30 sec. It was found that (a) pigeons preferred mixed relative to constant delay of reinforcement, and (b) preference for mixed delay of reinforcement increased as the range of delay interval variability increased.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Improving the Mathematical Training of Soviet Engineers

T HE problem of the mathematical education of engineers has many different aspects, most of which are interdependent. But one of the chief aspects is undoubtedly the prominent role played by mathematics in the development of technology. After examining the state of mathematical training of engineers in the higher technical institutions, we are obliged to affirm that its current level is still far below that demanded by contemporary technology and the imminent developments in that field. In order to explain the most important causes of our justifiable dissatisfaction both with what our students know and with the way the course of mathematical studies is organized, and to propose measures for the elimination of these causes, let us begin with the state of affairs in the work of the departments of mathematics. What are the principal defects in the mathematics training of many students which show up in higher technical institutions? In the first place, one must note the superficiality of their knowledge of the mathematics studied, their unsureness of the subject-matter, and their inability to apply the mathematics learned, sometimes even in the simplest cases. The limited scope of the mathematics learned is just as serious a defect. Because of this it becomes more difficult to utilize various branches of this discipline in the requisite degree for the solid study and mastery of the specialized disciplines. These basic defects are closely connected with the great volume of the material to be taught, which is often incommensurate with the capabilities of the students, with the formalism employed in the method of teaching, and with the failure to make sufficient demands on students. Let us stop to consider each of these important factors. Until recently, the mathematics programs offered contained a good

Field of study: Education
Precision Predictions

First, I should define what is meant by a precision prediction: A prediction is considered precise if it has a small (relative) theoretical uncertainty. This, however, does not imply that it agrees with an experiment. Also, the mentioned small uncertainty can be best quantified if we have an underlying counting rule based on some small parameter. Needless to say, a prediction without uncertainty makes little sense. Finally, in what follows I will mostly consider the interplay of precision predictions with the corresponding precise experiments.

Field of study: Physics
Decentralised indoor smart camera mapping and hierarchical navigation for autonomous ground vehicles

In this work, the authors propose a novel decentralised coordination scheme for autonomous ground vehicles to enable map building and path planning with a network of smart overhead cameras. Decentralised indoor smart camera mapping and hierarchical navigation supports the automatic generation of waypoint graphs for each camera in an environment and allows path planning through the environment across multiple camera fields of view, or subviews. The proposed solution utilises the growing neural gas algorithm to learn the topology of unoccupied working space in each subview for maintaining a dynamic waypoint graph on each camera. The authors’ pathing solution leverages a modified version of the A* algorithm to compute paths in a decentralised and hierarchical fashion. Waypoint generation was simulated and analysed on a generated environment to ensure it is both effective and efficient, while path planning was simulated on various randomised hierarchical graphs to effectively compare the proposed Decentralised-A* (D-A*) algorithm against standard greedy search. The proposed method efficiently handles the cases where other robot navigation methods are otherwise weak and ineffective, while still providing avenues for further optimisation of resource overhead for both the smart camera network as well as the robots themselves.

Field of study: Computer science
Incorporation of Deepwater Horizon oil in a terrestrial bird

Carbon isotopic evidence revealed Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil entering coastal planktonic and lower terrestrial food webs. The integration of spilled oil into higher terrestrial trophic levels, however, remains uncertain. We measured radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) in seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) feathers and crop contents. Lower 14C and 13C values in feathers and crop contents of birds from contaminated areas indicated incorporation of carbon from oil. Our results, although based on a small sample of birds, thus reveal a food-web link between oil exposure and a terrestrial ecosystem. They also suggest that the reduction in reproductive success previously documented in the same population might be due to the (direct) toxic effect of oil exposure, rather than to (indirect) ecological effects. We recommend future studies test our results by using larger samples of birds from a wider area in order to assess the extent and implications of DWH oil incorporation into the terrestrial food web.

Field of study: Environmental science
Highly Fluorinated Barium Titanate Nanoparticle Dispersion for Fabrication of Lithographically Patterned Thin Films

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photopatterning of high-k inorganic nanoparticles that are covered with highly fluorinated carboxylic acid and, as a result, are solution-processable in fluorous liquids. Barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles, 7–8 nm in diameter, were prepared under solvothermal conditions and were surface-modified with perfluoroalkyl ether-type carboxylic acid molecules via ligand-exchange reactions. Thin films with a high dielectric constant (9.27 at 1 kHz) were achieved by spin-coating homogeneous solutions of BTO nanoparticles in a fluorous solvent (HFE-7500). Additionally, electron-beam lithography and photolithography were applied to the thin films of BTO nanoparticles, yielding BTO patterns with scales of 300 nm and 5 μm, respectively. Thus, an approach for a chemically non-damaging solution process of inorganic materials for device implementation was successfully demonstrated.

Field of study: Materials science
Differential effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation on negative occasion setting.

We have previously shown that nicotine enhances learning in a negative occasion setting task in which rats are trained to distinguish between two different trial types. During reinforced trials, a target stimulus (a tone) is presented and immediately followed by food reward. On nonreinforced trials, a feature stimulus (a light) is presented prior to the tone and indicates the absence of reward following presentation of the tone. The goal of the present study was to identify the behavioral mechanism through which nicotine affects this form of learning, and to determine which subtype(s) of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the effects of nicotine. Consistent with our prior findings, nicotine administration enhanced the ability of rats to discriminate between the two trial types. Nicotine enhanced the magnitude of the discrimination by decreasing responding to the tone on nonreinforced trials. Nicotine-treated rats also learned the discrimination in fewer sessions than control rats. A significant new finding was that nicotine also increased the orienting response to the light, suggesting that nicotine may enhance learning the serial feature negative discrimination by increasing attention to the visual feature. In addition, we found that RJR-2403, a selective α4β2 nicotinic receptor agonist, also enhanced discrimination. However, RJR-2403 did not affect responding on nonreinforced trials, nor did RJR-2403 affect orienting to the light. Together these data indicate that nicotine may enhance discrimination by enhancing tone-reward associability through α4β2 nicotinic receptors and by enhancing attention to the light through non-α4β2 receptor subtypes.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Uncertainty analysis of capacitor reliability prediction due to uneven thermal loading in photovoltaic applications

Because of the high cost of failure, the reliability performance of capacitors is becoming a more and more stringent factor in many energy conversion applications. Since temperature is one of the main stressors that leads to the wear-out of capacitors, it is important to understand the uncertainties introduced by the capacitor thermal modelling within its reliability prediction process. Thus, in this paper, the uncertainties introduced by uneven thermal loading, and their impact on the reliability of a photovoltaic application DC-bank are investigated. Based on a generic model-based reliability assessment procedure, a reliability evaluation tool is initially developed and used in order to quantitatively analyze the impact of these uncertainties. The lifetime evaluation of the individual capacitors/DC-bank is estimated and afterwards benchmarked under even/uneven thermal loading conditions. The outcomes of the uncertainty analysis indicate that the uneven thermal distribution among DC-link capacitors can have a significant impact on both component and system-level reliability performance.

Field of study: Engineering
Social Class-Sex Contrasts in Patterns of Cognitive Style: A Cross-Cultural Replication

In a cross-cultural replication of an Australian study, multiple discriminant function analysis was used on responses of a sample of 79 Californian adolescents (classified on an SES/Life Style index) to determine whether their pattern of cognitive functioning differed on a battery of cognitive style tests along a social-class/sex dimension. On Function I, middle-class (M) and working-class (W) boys displayed broad estimates of category width, while middle-class girls and working-class girls scored high on originality and conceptual differentiation, but low on category width. On Function II, middle-class girls and boys scored higher on conceptual preference for descriptive-analytic labels, and on category width working-class girls and boys showed a preference for inferential labels. The results indicated close similarity between the Australian and United States sample in terms of the dimensions analysed, although both groups of U.S. girls displayed greater preference for analytic and creative modes, respectively. Results were interpreted within socialization theory, the discrepant results being attributed to different socialization clusters operating within the culture.

Field of study: Psychology
Dynamic Characteristics of a 3-D Superconducting Actuator With Arranged Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets

High-temperature superconductor (HTS) bulks can trap high magnetic fields due to strong flux pinning. We have been investigating 3-D superconducting actuators using HTS bulks for transportation applications. The actuator consists of an HTS bulk as a mover and 2-D arranged electromagnets (EMs) as a stator. However, many EMs and power supplies would be needed to produce a 3-D actuator with a large moving area; therefore, a new type of 3-D actuator based on a 2-D array of permanent magnets (PMs) in combination with a small number of EMs was designed and tested. In this new type of actuator, the speed control of the HTS bulk mover is very important to develop a reliable noncontact transportation device. In this paper, the dynamic movement characteristics of the HTS bulk mover in the new type of actuator were experimentally investigated as a function of the gap distance between PMs and the drive current patterns.

Field of study: Physics