nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High rate deposition of 5 /spl mu/m thick YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films using the BaF/sub 2/ ex-situ post annealing process

We have investigated the crystallization of thick YBCO films under various annealing conditions. The films were deposited by high-rate co-evaporation of Y, Cu and BaF/sub 2/ onto room-temperature SrTiO/sub 3/ substrates at rates exceeding 10 nm/s. TEM microscopy was performed to establish the microscopic structure of partially processed films and help elucidate the growth mechanism. In-situ resistivity measurements were used to monitor the crystallization of the YBCO films during the annealing process. Resistivity measurements and TEM microscopy of samples at different stages of the film growth are compared. Our results indicate that, in addition to oxygen partial pressure, water vapor pressure is an important parameter which defines the dynamics of film growth and crystallization. 5 /spl mu/m thick films with J/sub c/>2/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ (1 T H/spl par/c) have been fabricated.

Field of study: Physics
Forum en médecine familiale en octobre 2010 à Vancouver: À qui appartiendra le podium?

![Figure][1] 

Les Jeux olympiques d’hiver de 2010 en Colombie-Britannique sont passes a l’histoire. Malgre l’accident tragique a l’ouverture, les problemes de meteo et quelques faiblesses techniques, Vancouver a tenu un evenement excitant et memorable, dont tous les Canadiens

Field of study: Medicine
Cold sensing in grapevine-Which signals are upstream of the microtubular "thermometer".

Plants can acquire freezing tolerance in response to cold but non-freezing temperatures. To efficiently activate this cold acclimation, low temperature has to be sensed and processed swiftly, a process that is linked with a transient elimination of microtubules. Here, we address cold-induced microtubules elimination in a grapevine cell line stably expressing a green fluorescent protein fusion of Arabidopsis TuB6, which allows to follow their response in vivo and to quantify this response by quantitative image analysis. We use time-course studies with several specific pharmacological inhibitors and activators to dissect the signalling events acting upstream of microtubules elimination. We find that microtubules disappear within 30 min after the onset of cold stress. We provide evidence for roles of calcium influx, membrane rigidification, and activation of NAD(P)H oxidase as factors in signal susception and amplification. We further conclude that a G-protein in concert with a phospholipase D convey the signal towards microtubules, whereas calmodulin seems to be not involved. Moreover, activation of jasmonate pathway in response to cold is required for an efficient microtubule response. We summarize our findings in a working model on a complex signalling hub at the membrane-cytoskeleton interphase that assembles the susception, perception and early transduction of cold signals.

Field of study: Environmental science
Design of Multi-functional Physiological Signal Acquisition and Wireless Transmission System

The design is based on the ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430. It is designed and developed to measure the temperature and heart rate pulse and blood flow velocity by using temperature sensor, ultrasonic module, heart rate pulse detection sensor, global satellite positioning module, global mobile communication system and wireless transmission module. Anti-lost wireless transmission system. The terminal through the positioning system, the temperature sensor pulse detection sensor and the ultrasonic module to obtain the location information and physical health of the elderly, and then in the form of short messages sent to the GSM through the SMS to receive the phone terminal, to achieve the location of the elderly and their physical condition more comprehensive Real-time monitoring, but also through the Bluetooth data upload to the database, to achieve the data storage and analysis.

Field of study: Engineering
Editorial: Small Non-coding RNAs in Streptococci

The Editorial on the Research Topic : Small Non-coding RNAs in Streptococci
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and the mechanisms by which this can occur have begun to be understood (Gottesman and Storz, 2011). In pathogenic bacteria, the importance of sRNAs-mediated regulation depends on a fine-tuning of the expression of various virulence genes

Field of study: Biology
Invention of the solid‐state amplifier

The obituary column of a recent issue of Physics Today carried the announcement of the death of Julius E. Lilienfeld at his home in the Virgin Islands. Dr. Lilienfeld was a native of Poland, formerly a professor of physics at the University of Leipzig, and became a United States citizen in 1935. The announcement of the passing of Dr. Lilienfeld recalled to mind an experience which the author had in 1953 when he was engaged in a patent search in connection with the development of the germanium transistor. The patent search disclosed three patents granted in the years 1930, 1932, and 1935, respectively, to Julius Edgar Lilienfeld of Brooklyn and Cedarhurst, New York. The attorney who prepared the patent was Fred'k F. Schuets. A brief inquiry failed to locate either the inventor or his attorney and, inasmuch as the patents had already lapsed, the matter was dropped.

Field of study: Physics
Correlation Power Analysis and Higher-order Masking Implementation of WAGE

WAGE is a hardware-oriented authenticated cipher, which has the smallest (unprotected) hardware cost (for 128-bit security level) among the round 2 candidates of the NIST lightweight cryptography (LWC) competition. In this work, we analyze the security of WAGE against the correlation power analysis (CPA) on ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller. Our attack detects the secret key leakage from power consumption for up to 12 (out of 111) rounds of the WAGE permutation and requires 10,000 power traces to recover the 128-bit secret key. Motivated by the CPA attack and the low hardware cost of WAGE, we propose the first optimized masking scheme of WAGE in the t-strong non-interference (SNI) security model. We investigate different masking schemes for S-boxes by exploiting their internal structures and leveraging the state-of-the-art masking techniques.To practically demonstrate the effectiveness of masking, we perform the test vector leakage assessment on the 1-order masked WAGE. We evaluate the hardware performance of WAGE for 1, 2, and 3-order security and provide a comparison with other NIST LWC round 2 candidates.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Delta O-18, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records of Porites lutea corals from Leizhou Peninsula, northern South China Sea, and their applicability as paleoclimatic indicators

Combined seasonal to monthly resolution coral skeletal delta(18)O, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Ca records are reported for one modem and two late Holocene Porites lutea corals from a fringing reef at Leizhou Peninsula, the northern coast of the South China Sea (SCS). All the profiles for the period 1989-2000 reveal annual cycles well correlated with instrumental sea surface temperatures (SST), and display broad peaks in summer and narrow troughs in winter, reflecting seasonal growth rate variations. Calibration against instrumental SST yields the following equations: delta(18)O=-0.174(+/- 0.010)xSST(degrees C)-1.02(+/- 0.27) (MSWD=5.8), Sr/Ca-(mmol/mol)=-0.0424(+/- 0.0031)xSST(degrees C)+9.836(+/- 0.082) (MSWD=8.6), and Mg/Ca-(mmol/mol)=0.110(+/- 0.009)XSST(degrees C)+ 1.32(+/- 0.23) (MSWD=55). The scatter in the Mg/Ca-SST relationship is much larger than analytical uncertainties can account for, suggesting the presence of SST-unrelated components in the Mg/Ca variation. Calculated Sr/Ca-SST values for two later Holocene Porites lutea samples (U-series ages similar to 541 BC and similar to 487 AD, respectively) from the same reef suggest that SST in the SCS at similar to 541 BC was nearly as warm as in the 1990s (the warmest decade of the last century), but at similar to 487 AD, it was significantly cooler. This observation is consistent with climatic data reported in Chinese historic documents, confirming that the Sr/Ca-SST relationship is a reliable thermometer. Removing the SST component in the delta(18)O variation based on calculated Sr/Ca-SST values, the residual delta(18)O reflects the deviation of the Holocene seawater delta(18)O from the modem value, which is also a measure of the Holocene sea surface salinity (SSS) or the summer monsoon moisture level in mainland China. Such residual delta(18)O was close to zero at similar to 541 BC and -0.3 parts per thousand at similar to 487 AD, suggesting that it was as wet as in the 1990s at similar to 541 BC but significantly drier at similar to 487 AD in mainland China, which are also consistent with independent historic records. Calculated Mg/Ca-SST values for the two late Holocene corals are significantly lower than the Sr/Ca-SST values and are also in conflict with Chinese historic records, suggesting that coral Mg/Ca is not reliable proxy for SST. At comparable Sr/Ca ranges, fossil corals always display negative Mg/Ca offsets if compared with the modem coral of the same site. We interpret this observation as due to preferential loss of Mg during meteoric dissolution of cryptic Mg-calcite-bearing microbialites in the exposed fossil corals. Microbialites (MgO up to 17%, Sr only 100-300 ppm) are ubiquitous during reef-building processes and their presence in only a trace amount will have a significant impact on coral Mg/Ca ratios without detectable influence on coral Sr/Ca ratios.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary-Layer Fuel Injection and Combustion: Skin-Friction Reduction Mechanisms

Drag reduction is important to improving the performance of scramjet engines operating at high Mach numbers. One demonstrated method for reducing skin-friction drag on a surface exposed to hypersonic flow is the injection and combustion of hydrogen fuel in the boundary layer. However, there are other fuels of interest in scramjet applications, and the underlying mechanisms that drive the reduction of skin friction are not well understood. An existing analytical model for boundary-layer combustion of hydrogen is rederived for a general fueling condition and then extended to allow investigation of the underlying flow physics in this model. Applying this theory to ethylene fueling indicates that skin-friction reduction through boundary-layer combustion is possible with fuels other than hydrogen. Analysis of the modeled boundary-layer profiles demonstrates that skin-friction reduction is accomplished through several coupled mechanisms: a change in near-wall viscosity, density changes and combustion act to red...

Field of study: Physics
Global coupled general circulation models

Major conclusions and recommendations regarding the status of global coupled general circulation models are presented here from a workshop convened by the World Climate Research Programme Steering Group on Global Coupled Modelling that was held from 20 to 12 October 1994 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the current state of the art of global coupled modeling on the decadal and longer timescales in terms of methodology and results to identify the major issues and problems facing this activity and to discuss possible alternatives for making progress in light of these problems. This workshop brought together representatives from nearly every group in the world actively involved in formulating and running such models. After presentations by workshop participants, four working groups identified key issues involving (1) initialization and model spinup, (2) strategies and techniques for coupling of model components, (3) flux correction/adjustment, and (4) secular drift and systematic errors. The participants concluded that improved communication between those engaged in this activity will be important to enhance further progress. Consequently, the World Climate Research Programme intends to continue the support internationally coordinated activities in global coupled modeling. 7 refs., 1 tab.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Novel Silicon-containing Ethynylarene Resin as Heat-resistant Thermoset

A series of novel processable and heat-resistant silicon-containing resins (PSA-E resins) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of 1,3,5-tris-(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene (TEPHB) with silylene-acetylene polymer (PSA resin) with high yields. The molecular structure, thermal curing processes and thermal properties were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, GPC, DSC and TGA. The results indicated that these novel resins could be melted at room temperature and thermally cured at 200–250 °C with low exothermal heat. Owing to the complete crosslinking of ethynyl groups, the Td5 (temperature of 5% weight loss) for all the thermosets are above 500 °C, and the overall char yields were above 87% at 900 °C under nitrogen.

Field of study: Materials science
Challenges of self-management when living with multiple chronic conditions: systematic review of the qualitative literature.

To explore the perspectives of patients who live with multiple chronic conditions as they relate to the challenges of self-management.



On September 30, 2013, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL using relevant key words including chronic disease, comorbidity, multimorbidity, multiple chronic conditions, self-care, self-management, perspective, and perception.



Three reviewers assessed and extracted the data from the included studies after study quality was rated. Qualitative thematic synthesis method was then used to identify common themes. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria, with most coming from the United States.


SYNTHESIS
Important themes raised by people living with multiple chronic conditions related to their ability to self-manage included living with undesirable physical and emotional symptoms, with pain and depression highlighted. Issues with conflicting knowledge, access to care, and communication with health care providers were raised. The use of cognitive strategies, including reframing, prioritizing, and changing beliefs, was reported to improve people's ability to self-manage their multiple chronic conditions.



This study provides a unique view into patients' perspectives of living with multiple chronic conditions, which are clearly linked to common functional challenges as opposed to specific diseases. Future policy and programming in self-management support should be better aligned with patients' perspectives on living with multiple chronic conditions. This might be achieved by ensuring a more patient-centred approach is adopted by providers and health service organizations.

Field of study: Medicine
STUDY ON SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD OF NONLINEAR FREQUENCY OF SINGLE-LAYER CABLE NET

Glass curtain wall construction with single-layer cable net is widely adopted structural form in nowadays Chinese public great buildings. Because of its large deflection and high nonlinearity, the dynamic performance of cable net is greatly different from that of the conventional linear structures. The continuous membrane theory was used to formulate the nonlinear vibration differential equation of cable net, and harmonic balance method was used to solve the analytic formula of the nonlinear frequency. In order to verify the above analytic formula, its analytical results were compared with those of the precise nonlinear FEM time-history method. The comparison tells us that the two sorts of results have good accordance. It implies that the analytic formula has high precision. At the same time, it is pointed out that when the structural displacement is 3 /2of the amplitude of vibration, the stiffness of cable net is the equivalent linearized stiffness based on the equivalent energy, and the above nonlinear frequency analytic formula can be obtained by equivalent linearized stiffness. Furthermore, the nonlinear vibration differential equation and nonlinear frequency gained by the study is the basement of the response analysis of cable net under dynamic load.

Field of study: Engineering
204: Inducible nitric oxide synthase is upregulated by IL-23/IL-17A axis in inflammatory bowel disease: A study in Algerian patients

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are clinically present as one of two disorders, Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of our work was to study the involvement of Th17 subset in bowel disease pathogenesis by nitric oxide (NO) pathway in Algerian patients with IBD. We investigated the correlation between proinflammatory cytokines (IL17, IL23 and IL-6) and NO production in two groups of patients. We analyzed the expression of mRNAs encoding Th17 cytokines, cytokines receptors and NO synthase 2 (NOS2) in plasma of patients. In the same way, the expression of p-STAT3 and NOS2 was measured. We also studied NO modulation by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α or IL-1β) in presence or absence of All Trans retinoic acid (At RA) in PBMC, monocytes and in colonic mucosa cultures. Analysis of cytokines, cytokines receptors and NOS2 transcripts revealed that levels of mRNA transcripts of the indicated genes are elevated in all IBD groups. Our study shows a significant positive correlation between NO and IL-17A, IL-23, IL-6 levels in plasma of IBD patients. Interestingly, the correlation is significantly higher in patients with active CD. Our study show that both p-STAT3 and iNOS expression were upregulated in PBMCs and colonic mucosa, especially in patients with active Crohn disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Classroom Learning as a Function of Method of Presenting Instructional Materials

In two experiments the efficiencies of programmed, television, and conventional textbook instruction were compared. Ss were randomly assigned to a group which worked through a standard programmed text; one which read the same material in conventional textbook form; one which listened to and saw a verbatim video-taped lecture of the programmed material. A 30-item multiple-choice test was administered immediately following instruction (Exps. I and II; Ns = 160, 134) or 1 wk. later (Exp. II). The results indicate that Ss who simply read the material in conventional textbook format only tended to have higher criterion test scores than Ss in either the programmed or television instruction groups. The results were, therefore, interpreted as consistent with the contention often made that differences in effectiveness of various methods of instruction are negligible, or at best, slight.

Field of study: Psychology
Significant influence of fungi on coarse carbonaceous and potassium aerosols in a tropical rainforest

Fungal spores are ubiquitous in the Earth's atmosphere, especially in the environment of tropical rainforests with intense biological activities. To assess the impact of fungi on chemical components of atmospheric aerosols at a Chinese tropical rainforest site, size-segregated fungal spore tracers (i.e. arabitol and mannitol) were measured along with major aerosol components, including carbonaceous species and water-soluble inorganic ions. The fungal spore tracers were found to be predominately associated with coarse particles, in which organic carbon (OC) and potassium (K+) were also present at significant levels. Enhanced amounts of fungal spore tracers were closely linked to rainfall events. Moreover, fungal spore tracers exhibited positive correlations with relative humidity and negative correlations with wind speed, temperature or radiation. The relationships between fungal spore tracers and meteorological factors are consistent with the emission features of actively discharged fungal spores, which are generally associated with sugar alcohols and by-products such as the inorganic ion K+. The excellent correlations between fungal spore tracers and OC or K+ in the coarse particles further suggested their common emission sources. Absolute principal factor analysis further identified fungi as the largest contributor to coarse OC and K+ (both at ~66%) in this rainforest.

Field of study: Environmental science
Construction of three different recombinant scorpion fusion proteins with bifunctional activity.

This is the first report of three different fusion proteins with an antitumor-analgesic peptide obtained from Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmKAGAP). The fusion proteins were constructed in the form of chimeric toxins, aiming to obtain bifunctional analgesic and antitumor activity. The fusion proteins consisted of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), three different types of flexible linkers (L1, Ser-Ser-His-His-His-His-His-His-Ser-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser-His-Met; L2, Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser; L3, Ser-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser), and BmKAGAP. The genes coding three fusion proteins were cloned and expressed in E. coli in soluble form. Following two successive column chromatographic separations, purified fusion proteins were obtained. These fusion proteins exhibited analgesic activity in mice and were cytotoxic to a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Effect of the Periodic Distributions of Carbon Nanotube on Homogenized Effective Stiffness for Nanotube Reinforced Polymer Composites

By means of the virtual work theory and asymptotic expansion homogenization method (HM) with rigorous mathematically multi-scale perturbation theory, an improved homogeneous integral equation with simple and precise periodic boundary conditions is obtained to predict the homogenized effective stiffness of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composites. Two and three dimensional CNTs-composites are analyzed by the proposed model. The present results with special ratio between longitudinal and transverse intervals for nanotubes (Tf/Hf) are compared well with those from empirical Halpin-Tsai and Mori-Tanaka approaches, which indicate that the present analysis has a relatively wide range to consider the effects of CNTs distribution on macroscopic mechanical properties of CNTs-composites. The results show that it is possible to design composites with high stiffness by considering a reasonable ratio between longitudinal and transverse intervals for discontinuous carbon nanotubes.

Field of study: Materials science
Análisis sobre el uso de exámenes preoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a cirugías programadas en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital "Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia", durante 2009

Resumen es: Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de los examenes preoperatorios en las pacientes sometidas a cirugia programada en el Servicio de Ginecologia del Hospital "Dr. R...

Field of study: Mathematics
Failure-analysis method of soldering interfaces in light-emitting diode packages based on time-domain transient thermal response

New soldering-interface failure-analysis method based on the transient thermal response of the LED packages proposed. This method is based on the physical properties that the operating voltage of the LED packages is inversely proportional to the junction temperature and the change of the junction temperature, which is monitored by voltage, represents the change of thermal gradient in the LED packages. Fast time-domain algorithm for failure-sensitivity enhancement was developed. And the feasibility of this algorithm was verified using a two-point measurement method during a thermal shock test.

Field of study: Engineering