nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical bifurcation analysis of delay differential equations arising from physiological modeling

This paper has a dual purpose. First, we describe numerical methods for continuation and bifurcation analysis of steady state solutions and periodic solutions of systems of delay differential equations with an arbitrary number of fixed, discrete delays. Second, we demonstrate how these methods can be used to obtain insight into complex biological regulatory systems in which interactions occur with time delays: for this, we consider a system of two equations for the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in a diabetic patient subject to a system of external assistance. The model has two delays: the technological delay of the external system, and the physiological delay of the patient's liver. We compute stability of the steady state solution as a function of two parameters, compare with analytical results and compute several branches of periodic solutions and their stability. These numerical results allow to infer two categories of diabetic patients for which the external system has different efficiency.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
A consistent RPA formalism

This paper examines the quasi-boson and generator-coordinate derivations of the RPA and concludes that they make uncritical and inconsistent use of the assumption that ground state correlations be small. It is proposed that consistent derivations of the RPA to various orders can be carried out by explicit retention of a certain power of a parameter γ which is proportional to the norm of the ground state correlations. To illustrate such a method, it is proved that a consistent, non-trivial, linear RPA theory exists only if the residual potential is small enough for first order perturbation theory to be valid.

Field of study: Physics
Geomorphology of the Ruby-East Humboldt Range, Nevada

A middle or late Pliocene open-valley stage in the Ruby-East Humboldt Range is recognized and described. The anomalous position of the drainage divide in places east of the range crest is explained in terms of the geomorphic evolution of the range. Pediments and terraces on the range flanks and in the adjoining basins are described, and those on the west side formed under a regime of through-flowing drainage are compared with those on the east side formed on the borders of hydrographically closed basins. Seven surfaces, the two highest being pediments and the others partial pediments and terraces, are recognized on the west flank of the range. The dissection of these surfaces is shown to be related to successive rejuvenations of the Humboldt River drainage. The exposure and dissection of surfaces on the east flank of the range are attributed chiefly to relative uplift of the range by faulting. These pediments and terraces have been formed between the middle Pleistocene and Recent. The origin of pediments under contrasting conditions is considered, and the conclusion is reached that different geologic, climatic, and topographic conditions impose a difference in the efficacy of processes of pedimentation. In this region lateral planation is dominant in areas of permanent streams and soft rocks; and rill wash, rain wash, and weathering are dominant in areas of hard rocks, ephemeral streams, and low mountain masses. Lateral erosion by streams accounts for approximately 40 per cent of the retreat of the mountain front, and approximately 60 per cent is due to weathering and various types of wash.

Field of study: Geology
Controlled secretion of β-endorphin from human embryonic kidney cells carrying a Tet-on-β-endorphin fusion gene

To create a cell line with controlled and specific secretion of β-endorphin, a new fusion gene was constructed by joining human β-endorphin coding sequence to part of NL1 gene. HEK293 cells carrying Tet-on system transfected with this fusion gene secreted β-endorphin in a dose-dependent manner upon doxycycline administration. These findings suggest that this system can direct the controlled secretion of any peptide hormones such as β-endorphin.

Field of study: Biology
The glass transition and the replica symmetry breaking in vortex matter

National Center for Theoretical Sciences and Electrophysics Department,National Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan, R.O.C.(Dated: February 2, 2008)We quantitatively describe the competition between the thermal ﬂuctuations and the disorderusing the Ginzburg – Landau approach. Flux line lattice in type II superconductors undergoesa transition into three “disordered” phases: vortex liquid (not pinned), homogeneous vortex glass(pinned) and crystalline Bragg glass (pinned) due to both thermal ﬂuctuations and random quencheddisorder. We show that disordered Ginzburg – Landau model (valid not very far from H

Field of study: Physics
Preparation Of Eggshell MoO3/Al2O3 Catalysts By Solvent Assisted Spreading Of MoO3 Over Al2O3 Extrudates: Effect Of MoO3Particle Size And Temperature On Rate Of Spreading

MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts with sharp and deep eggshell profiles of Mo concentration were prepared by solvent assisted spreading, which is the reaction of Al2O3 extrudates with MoO3/H2O slurry. The profiles were visualized by two methods: electron probe microanalysis and sulfidation of samples. The concentration of Mo in the shell corresponded to the saturated monolayer loading. The dispersion of different sorts of MoO3 was characterised by XRD, N2 physisorption, the conductivity of their dispersion in water and solubility determined by AAS. MoO3 ground in planetary mill was of higher dispersity and reacted faster with Al2O3 extrudates than MoO3 ground in agate mortar mill. Using the extrudates of diameter 3.2 mm and SBET = 217 m2g-1 and the MoO3 ground in planetary mill, the shell of 0.8 mm thickness was formed after about 4 h, and the whole extrudate profile was saturated after about 24 h at 25 oC. The rate of the solvent assisted spreading increased exponentially with temperature in the range 25-100 oC; the shell thickness of 0.8 mm mentioned above was achieved after 1 h at 100 oC. It was shown with Al2O3 particles in the form of hollow cylinders, hollow stars and crosses that well developed sharp profiles copying the shape of particles can be achieved with any complex shape of the support. It was checked that activity in thiophene hydrodesulfurization of the active phase deposited by solvent assisted spreading was the same or slightly better than activity of the active phase deposited by conventional impregnation.

Field of study: Materials science
Affordable Rotating Fluid Demonstrations for Geoscience Education: The DIYnamics Project

Demonstrations using rotating tanks of fluid can help demystify otherwise counterintuitive behaviors of atmospheric, oceanic, and planetary interior fluid motions. But the expense and complicated assembly of existing rotating table platforms limit their appeal for many schools, especially those below the university level. Here, we introduce Do-It-Yourself Dynamics (DIYnamics), a project developing extremely low-cost rotating tank platforms and accompanying teaching materials. The devices can be assembled in a few minutes from household items, all available for purchase online. Ordering, assembly, and operation instructions are available on the DIYnamics website. Videos using these and other rotating tables to teach specific concepts such as baroclinic instability are available on the DIYnamics YouTube channel—including some in Spanish. The devices, lesson plans, and demonstrations have been successfully piloted at multiple middle schools, in a university course, and at public science outreach events. These uses to date convince us of the DIYnamics materials’ pedagogical value for instructors from well-versed university professors to K–12 science teachers with little background in fluid dynamics.

Field of study: Environmental science
Comparison between international sport ad hoc arbitration and Chinese sport ad hoc arbitration.

By comparing and analyzing the nature,procedures and legal applicability of international sport ad hoc arbitration and Chinese sports ad hoc arbitration,the author pointed out problems existing in Chinese sports ad hoc arbitration,and by referring to successful experiences in international ad hoc arbitration,put forward the following suggestions: establish a Chinese sport arbitration organization as soon as possible;work out Sport Arbitration Regu-lations to standardize its working procedures;establish a sports arbitrator hiring system to hire qualified excellent arbitrators;during the establishment of sports arbitration procedures,set up multiple flexible ways such as ordinary procedures,quick procedures and conciliation procedures.

Field of study: Education
Further Investigation of the Enzymatic Pathway for Microcystins Biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05

Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, the genes USTB-05-A (HM245411), USTB-05-B (KC513423) and USTB-05-C (KC573527) that are responsible for the biodegradation of MCs were cloned and expressed for the first time. After purification, the MC-degrading enzymes encoded by these genes were used for the catalytic degradation of MC-LR. The results demonstrated that the second enzyme encoded by USTB-05-B could convert linear MC-LR to a tetrapeptide by breaking the Ala–Arg bond. The third enzyme encoded by USTB-05-C could cleave Adda-Glu peptide bonds of both linear MC-LR and the tetrapeptide of Adda-Glu-Mdha-Ala, producing Adda as their common product. These findings will help better understand the biodegradation mechanism of MCs by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.

Field of study: Engineering
Untersuchungen über die Plastein-Reaktion, VII1). Molekulargewichtsverteilung des enzymatischen Kondensationsprodukts†

Das aus konz. wasriger Losung aus dem Pentapeptid L-Tyrosyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanin durch Pepsin-Katalyse erhaltene Kondensationsprodukt (Plastein) last sich durch Gelchromatographie an Sephadex G-25 in funf Fraktionen zerlegen, die sich durch Endgruppenanalyse als die niederen Polymerhomologen erweisen. Aus dem Hexapeptid L-Tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-glycyl-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanin entsteht lediglich das Dimere, was ebenfalls durch Gelchromatographie gezeigt werden konnte. Die fur die Endgruppen-analyse notwendige Trennung der Dinitrophenylaminosauren erfolgte durch Verteilungs-chromatographie an Sephadex G-25, die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung durch automatische Auswertung der Sauleneluate.

Field of study: Chemistry
Some Nonparametric Asymptotic Results for a Class of Stochastic Processes

This article provides a solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem for integrated processes of order 2 in a nonparametric framework. Our analysis focuses on a pair of random matrices related to such integrated process. The matrices are constructed considering some weight functions. Under asymptotic conditions on such weights, convergence results in distribution are obtained and the generalized eigenvalue problem is solved. Differential equations and stochastic calculus theory are used.

Field of study: Mathematics
Factors influencing community participation in mangroves restoration: A contingent valuation analysis

Community participation is viewed as a key to success in ecosystem restoration. This study analyzes factors that influence households' willingness to contribute toward mangrove restoration among three subsistence user groups in west coast of India: fishermen, fisherwomen and rice farmers. Contingent valuation technique is utilized to measure the economic value of perceived benefits of mangroves. Results indicate that each user group would be willing to make substantial contribution of labor and/or cash each year, apparently for different reasons. The perception that mangrove contributes to fish nursery is the strongest reason fishermen take part in restoration. That mangrove serves as an alternative source of income for the whole community influences fisherwomen's decision to participate. Surprisingly, only a minority of rice farmers would be willing to contribute to mangrove restoration, yet at a higher annual median level than the other two groups. Their reason to participate is influenced by the perception that mangroves help control erosion and crop pests. The paper concludes that the restoration manager must carefully consider users' needs and perceived mangrove benefits while selecting mangrove species for restoration in order to enhance community participation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Financial Performance and Economic Impact on Capital Adequacy Ratio in Japan

Capital adequacy is a crucial factor in determining the level of risk absorption of a banking institution. This issue has been discussed widely as it is an important yardstick to gauge the complete picture of banking performance. Capital adequacy is closely related to the economic performance of related country, therefore, this study investigates the financial performance and economic impact of capital adequacy ratio on regional banks in Japan. Five variables were employed that represent economic performance - unemployment rate, inflation rate, real exchange rate, money supply and gross domestic product, while financial performance of the regional banks consisted of six variables, namely the deposit-to-asset ratio, return on assets, return on equity, total assets, total deposits and total loans. 64 regional banks were evaluated over a period of 10 years from 2005 to 2014. Secondary data were composed of World Bank data and the individual financial statements of Japanese regional banks. The results show a various signs of relationships between variables and it was slightly different from previous study. This was supported by result tested by panel regression analysis and correlation analysis conducted in order to measure the relationship between capital adequacy and each variable. This paper among others gives a vast reference to depositor, banking institution and policy maker in not only maintaining but also need to improve the level of capital adequacy for a stable security to all parties.

Field of study: Business
A Physics-Based TCAD Simulator for Superconducting Electronics Based on Josephson Junctions

Superconducting electronics are promising candidates for complementing semiconductor electronics. However, a comprehensive suite of superconducting design and simulation tools that is necessary to streamline and automate the design process is either nonexistent or very limited. Here, we describe Synopsys’ advances in the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) front for physics-based simulation of superconducting electronics based on Josephson junctions (JJs). We employ Keldysh–Gor’kov–Nambu Green's function formalism within the context of the self-consistent mean-field theory of Bogoliubov and de-Gennes to simulate the equilibrium and transport properties of JJ-based devices in one dimension. Using these Green's functions, we calculate various electrical properties and effects, including order parameter and proximity effect, current-phase characteristics and current-density distribution for arbitrary temperatures, material properties and composition, and device dimensions. We further expand the TCAD simulator using the Floquet–Keldysh–Gor’kov–Nambu Green's function for calculating current-voltage characteristics of JJs in nonequilibrium and capture various quantum mechanical effects including multiple Andreev reflections (MAR) for constant applied voltage.

Field of study: Physics
Comparison of laser diode response to pulsed electrical and radiative excitations

We have studied the electrical and optical response of two laser diodes under transient irradiation. Both diodes exhibit a positive photocurrent, which adds to the bias current, and a decrease of the optical power until extinction when dose rate is increased. Direct carrier generation in the laser cavity is a second order phenomena. The diode overall response is driven by both the substrate photocurrent and the transient conduction of current confinement regions, which decrease the net current density in the cavity and switches-off the laser emission. This behaviour is in good agreement with pulsed electrical characterizations and 2D simulations.

Field of study: Physics
Computer experiments on mechanics of finite amplitude folds

Computer simulation of the time-dependent deformations of layered viscous solids serves as the basis of a study of the mechanics of large-amplitude folds. Several models of a single viscous layer embedded in a less viscous matrix and a model of an infinite stack of layers of alternating viscosity have been studied. This study treats the plane finite deformations of the models as a series of small incremental deformations. The velocity fields of the incremental problems are found using the finite element method. With the single-layer models, the contrast of viscosity between the layer and matrix strongly influences the geometry of folds at the dominant wavelength. Fold geometries vary from concentric for large viscosity contrasts to nearly similar for low contrasts. In each model, the patterns given by directions perpendicular to the principal axes of maximum total compressive strain closely resemble axial-plane foliations in natural folds. Published fabric data for calcite-twin lamellae and quartz-deforma...

Field of study: Environmental science
Colonial Experiments in French Guiana, 1760-1800

No French colony has had a more unfortunate history or a more miserable reputation than French Guiana. From the first settlement in 1604 to the present day, from Indian massacres to the infamies of Devil's Island, French Guiana has suffered one catastrophe after another. Much of the colony's story can be told in terms of the studied neglect it received at the hands of the French government, punctuated occasionally by brief periods of misguided zeal and spectacular misfortune. Only once, during the latter part of the eighteenth century, did there appear to be any hope for improvement. After the loss of Canada, France took a new interest in her southernmost American possession; an administrator fired with the idea of progress took charge, and great things were in the offing. But it was too late; the character of the colony precluded its redemption. New projects brought only disaster in their train, and as the century came to a close French Guiana relapsed into tropical somnolence. At the end of the Seven Years' War France had but little to show for a century and a half of desultory colonizing on the eastern coast of South America. Portuguese and Indian attacks in the first years of the seventeenth century had forced the French to quit the island of Marajo, "that land of marvels which might be called a celestial paradise !"' at the mouth of the Amazon. A few who survived drifted four hundred miles up the coast to the rocky island of Cayenne, which they selected as their new headquarters for trade with the Indians. To Cayenne, the only significant break in the swampy, mangrovefringed shore, came a succession of would-be colonists, indigent nobles, pirates, and military men on the make,

Field of study: History
Excess payoff dynamics and other well-behaved evolutionary dynamics

We consider a model of evolution in games in which agents occasionally receive opportunities to switch strategies, choosing between them using a probabilistic rule. Both the rate at which revision opportunities arrive and the probabilities with which each strategy is chosen are functions of current normalized payoffs. We call the aggregate dynamics induced by this model excess payoff dynamics . We show that every excess payoff dynamic is well-behaved : regardless of the underlying game, each excess payoff dynamic admits unique solution trajectories that vary continuously with the initial state, identifies rest points with Nash equilibria, and respects a basic payoff monotonicity property. We show how excess payoff dynamics can be used to construct well-behaved modifications of imitative dynamics, and relate them to two other well-behaved dynamics based on projections.

Field of study: Economics
Freedom, Virtue and the First Amendment

It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite freedom virtue and the first amendment book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of freedom virtue and the first amendment, just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.

Field of study: Law
A new technology of low-temperature storage of Hwangkumbae and the establishment of HACCP system

This paper presents a new technology of low- temperature storage of Hwangkumbae and HACCP system. Analyzed all hazard factors which would possibly affect the effect of storage, the critical control points were set up, and also established the critical limits, supervise and correct measures. According to this technology and HACCP system, the rate of Hwangkumbae in completely good condition was 94.68% and the dehydrated rate was 5.9% after Hwangkumbae was storaged 8 months.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Modulation of Calcium Movements by Urocortin II in Endothelial Cells

In endothelial cells urocortin II has recently been found to activate nitric oxide synthase through cAMP-dependent and Ca2+-related pathway.  The present study was therefore planned to determine the mechanisms of urocortin II effect on Ca2+ movements.  In Fura-2 loaded porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAE), the effects of urocortin II on [Ca2+]c were analyzed and compared with those of various K+ channels agonists/antagonists.  In Fura-2 loaded PAE, urocortin II promoted a transient increase of [Ca2+]c mainly originating from an intracellular pool sensitive to thapsigargin and slightly from the extracellular space. In addition, urocortin II caused the hyperpolarization of plasma membrane through the opening of K+ channels, which contributed to the increased [Ca2+]c. These effects were abolished by the corticotropin releasing factor receptors (CRFR2) blocker, the adenylyl cyclase and Ca2+-calmodulin-kinase (CaMKII) inhibitors and by blockers of K+ channels. In addition, in PAE cultured in Na+-free medium or loaded with the plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump inhibitor the urocortin II-evoked Ca2+ transient was slower.  The results obtained show that urocortin II affects intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in PAE by both promoting a discharge of intracellular pool and by interfering with the operation of store-dependent channels through CRFR2-cAMP-CaMKII related signalling and K+ channels opening.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry