nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Passionate Virtuosity: The Fiction of John Barth, and: Silverless Mirrors: Book, Self and Postmodern American Fiction (review)

the uses and craft of fiction. Headnotes throughout, many quite substantial, recall the circumstances prompting and shaping each piece and, in conjunction with the generally self-referential essays, lay out Barth's aesthetics while offering notes toward an autobiography (not surprisingly, sibling concerns for an author who asserts that "It is not speaking mystically to say that our dreams dream us; that our fictions construct us"). Few of the loves of Barth's life revealed here should anaphrodize the lusty reader. Perhaps, to change metaphors slightly, Barth does not always dive deeply into his subject (he'd prefer the Chesapeake Bay) or stay down long. No matter, for he dives so well. Others may find him self-indulgent, superficial, stylewise too cute, tiresome in his obsessions (he returns to Scheherazade oftener than Shahryar ever did). But I understand such complaints as I understand that others find diving competitions serious business: I feel the attraction of neither, finding even Barth's bellyflops elegant, surprising, and personably straightforward. "The gifts of doing and explaining are notoriously not the same," Barth observes at one point: "An eloquent artist may sound like a mumbler, a crank, a soulless pedant . . . when he sets about accounting for what he has perhaps brilliantly done." And elsewhere, apropos interviews: "[the writer's] business is the considered word, not the spontaneous." For such reasons, Voicelust and Conversations sometimes falter. Barth rarely flounders, never drowns. Those at all interested in fiction will want to read TAe Friday Book. In its passionate virtuosity, the allure of its voice is but one of its charms.

Field of study: Art
The determination of ceruloplasmin

In 1948, Holmberg and Laurell1 isolated from human serum the blue copper-containing ·a-globulin ceruloplasmin. The molecular weight of this protein is approximately 151,000, and the copper content 0·34 per cent, which corresponds to eight atoms of copper per molecule. Ceruloplasmin possesses in vitro oxidase activity towards, for example, epinephrine2•3, 5-hydroxytryptamine4, dihydroxyphenylalanine2, p-phenylenediamine5 and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPP) 6• The present view is that 90-95 per cent of serum copper is tightly bound in ceruloplasmin 7• 8 • This is based principally on the fact that variations in copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations are almost always in step with one another. lt is thus conceivable that the enzyme plays an important röle in copper metabolism. The exact nature of its function has not yet been elucidated, however. It has been reported that the concentrations of copper and of ceruloplasmin in serum are greatly increased in late pregnancy and in many diseases, e.g. bacterial infections, neurological disorders, cirrhosis, hepatitis and acute and chronic leukaemia 7 ; while in Wilson's disease the concentration of ceruloplasmin is greatly reduced. Akersfeldt's report6 of an increased ceruloplasmin concentration in the sera of patients with mental diseases aroused great interest. Some investigators were able to reproduce Akersfeldt's results, but many others were not. In our opinion, however, the methods used, all based on the measurement of the oxidase activity of serum; were not optimal. With a modified method, we have also been unable to find any deviation from normal as described by Akersfeldt. However, a positive correlation was found between age and ceruloplasmin concentration. Our material comprised subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 60 years9• In another series of experiments, a positive correlation between age and total copper in serum was established, as would be expected on the basis of the above-mentioned relationship. The concentration in females was significantly higher than in males for all ages. Again our experiments were carried out with subjects in the age group from 20 to 60 yearsl 0 • It is generally accepted that ceruloplasmin is the only oxidase in human serum, and that ceruloplasmin copper • accounts for all tightly-bound serum copper. Deutsch recently published ~ direct method for the measurement of ceruloplasmin11• This prompted lflS to test these concepts. The first results of these experiments are report~d here. Oxidase activity, ceruloplasmin and .total copper were determined in sera obtained from normal males and male patients with a variety of ciinical conditions after overnight fasting. For the measurement of oxidase activity,

Field of study: Chemistry
Unusual cardiovascular manifestations of sarcoidosis, a report of three cases: coronary artery aneurysm with myocardial infarction, symptomatic mitral valvular disease, and sudden death from ruptured splenic artery.

Cardiac and vascular involvement by sarcoid is only rarely recognized clinically. Involvement of muscular arteries such as epicardial coronaries or the splenic artery has not been previously reported in these patients, and valvular disease has been reported only rarely.



We present herein clinical, imaging and pathologic documentation of three such patients, each displaying one of these unusual manifestations and enlarging the spectrum of cardiac sarcoid.



The presentations were life threatening, one with myocardial infarction caused by a coronary artery aneurysm, a second with splenic artery rupture and hemorrhage, and the third with severe mitral regurgitation. The clinical and histopathologic findings are described and a review of the literature is undertaken.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set

Development is described of a Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS)—the result of a cooperative project to collect global weather observations taken near the ocean's surface since 1854, primarily from merchant ships, into a compact and easily used data set. As background, a historical overview is given of how archiving of these marine data has evolved from 1854, when systematic recording of shipboard meteorological and oceanographic observations was first established as an international activity. Input data sets used for COADS are described, as well as the processing steps used to pack input data into compact binary formats and to apply quality controls for identification of suspect weather elements and duplicate marine reports. Seventy-million unique marine reports for 1854–1979 were output from initial processing. Further processing is described, which created statistical summaries for each month of each year of the period, using 2° latitude × 2° longitude boxes. Monthly summary products are a...

Field of study: Environmental science
Thermodynamic optimization of an absorption heat transformer

In this paper questions relating to the performance optimization of heat driven pump systems are discussed. For this purpose a mathematical model for LiBr/H2O absorption heat transformer (AHT) operating according to the endo-irreversible cycle is elaborated. The model is exploited to find out the optimal operating parameters using the so called structural analysis. It shows the influence of some operating parameters on the local irreversibility rates with respect to the overall AHT irreversibility rate. At the end of this work a comparison is performed of the COP, first and second law efficiencies obtained for the optimal operating regime to those calculated for real operating conditions for an already existing AHT. It is concluded that for the same thermal powers and heat transfer parameters, an increase is performed of the first and second law efficiencies equal to 10% and 5.3% consecutively at the obtained optimal operating regime.

Field of study: Engineering
Virtual Adversarial Training for Semi-Supervised Text Classification

Adversarial training provides a means of regularizing supervised learning algorithms while virtual adversarial training is able to extend supervised learning algorithms to the semi-supervised setting. However, both methods require making small perturbations to numerous entries of the input vector, which is inappropriate for sparse high-dimensional inputs such as one-hot word representations. We extend adversarial and virtual adversarial training to the text domain by applying perturbations to the word embeddings in a recurrent neural network rather than to the original input itself. The proposed method achieves state of the art results on multiple benchmark semi-supervised and purely supervised tasks. We provide visualizations and analysis showing that the learned word embeddings have improved in quality and that while training, the model is less prone to overfitting.

Field of study: Computer science
JWST/MIRI Simulated Imaging: Insights into Obscured Star Formation and AGNs for Distant Galaxies in Deep Surveys

The James Webb Space Telescope MIRI instrument will revolutionize extragalactic astronomy with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution in mid-IR. Here we assess the potential of MIRI photometry to constrain galaxy properties in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. We derive estimated MIRI fluxes from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of real sources that fall in a planned MIRI pointing. We also obtain MIRI fluxes for hypothetical active galactic nucleus (AGN)–galaxy mixed models varying the AGN fractional contribution to the total IR luminosity (fracAGN). Based on these model fluxes, we simulate CEERS imaging (3.6 hr exposure) in six bands from F770W to F2100W using mirisim and reduce these data using jwst pipeline. We perform point-spread-function-matched photometry with tphot and fit the source SEDs with x-cigale, simultaneously modeling photometric redshift and other physical properties. Adding the MIRI data, the accuracy of both redshift and fracAGN is generally improved by factors of ≳2 for all sources at z ≲ 3. Notably, for pure-galaxy inputs (fracAGN = 0), the accuracy of fracAGN is improved by ∼100 times thanks to MIRI. The simulated CEERS MIRI data are slightly more sensitive to AGN detections than the deepest X-ray survey, based on the empirical LX–L6 μm relation. Like X-ray observations, MIRI can also be used to constrain the AGN accretion power (accuracy ≈0.3 dex). Our work demonstrates that MIRI will be able to place strong constraints on the mid-IR luminosities from star formation and AGNs and thereby facilitate studies of the galaxy/AGN coevolution.

Field of study: Physics
X-Ray Fabric Study of Yule Marble

Analysis of the Yule marble of Colorado by the small-circle net X-ray technique has revealed the existence and position of minor fabric features that cannot be completely discerned by a 100- or 200-grain universal stage analysis. These include a c -axes minimum in or at low angles to the foliation plane; a number of minor maxima at high angles to the major point maximum which is split into two or more submaxima; and a sufficient concentration of axes connecting the major split point maximum to the minor maxima to reveal a weak girdle pattern. X-ray analyses of the c -axis direction were made from two contiguous portions of the same Yule marble specimen, with the orientation of the X-ray cuts with respect to the T section being different for each analysis. The fabric diagrams showed strong point maximum and interconnecting girdles in both cases, but different relative positions of these features with respect to megascopic coordinates. These results, along with a study of the optical fabric data in the literature, lead to the conclusion that the orientation of only the grossest aspect of the fabric is consistent from sample to sample and that the minor fabric features vary considerably within the domain of the hand sample. An optical analysis of 500 c axes from the T section of one X-ray sample gives good agreement with the major features of the c-axis X-ray diagrams, including the splitting of the major point maximum; but only a hint of the other minor features can be: observed. New X-ray fabric diagrams for the [11�0] = a, [10�1] = r, and [01�2] = e directions of Yule marble show little a -axis orientation, other than a broad girdle in the foliation plane, and considerable concentration of the r and e directions into maxima and into girdles concentric about the split c -axis maximum.

Field of study: Geology
Applications and Advances of Magnetoelastic Sensors in Biomedical Engineering: A Review

We present a comprehensive investigation into magnetoelastic sensors (MES) technology applied to biomedical engineering. This includes the working principles, detection methods, and application fields of MES technology. MES are made of amorphous metallic glass ribbons and are wireless and passive, meaning that it is convenient to monitor or measure the parameters related to biomedical engineering. MES are based on the inverse magnetoelastic (Villari) effect. When MES are subjected to mechanical stress, their magnetic susceptibility will change accordingly. And the susceptibility of MES is directly related to their magnetic permeability. The varying permeability can positively reflect the applied stress. The various detection methods that have been developed for different field applications include measurement of force, stress, and strain, monitoring of various chemical indexes, and consideration of different biomedical parameters such as the degradation rate and force conditions of artificial bone, as well as various physiological indexes including ammonia level, glucose concentration, bacteria growth, and blood coagulation.

Field of study: Materials science
A new multicopter-based unmanned aerial system for pollen and spores collection in the atmospheric boundary layer

The application of a new particle collection system (PCS) developed in-house
and operated on board a commercially available multicopter unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) is presented as a new unmanned aerial system (UAS) approach for in situ
measurement of the concentration of aerosol particles such as pollen grains
and spores in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A newly developed
impactor is used for high-efficiency particle extraction on board the
multicopter UAV. An airflow volume of 0.2  m3  min −1 through the
impactor is provided by a battery-powered blower and measured with an on-board
mass flow sensor. A bell-mouth-shaped air inlet of the PCS is arranged and
oriented on the multicopter UAV to provide substantial isokinetic sampling
conditions by advantageously using the airflow pattern generated by the
propellers of the multicopter UAV. More than 30 aerosol particle collection flights were carried out near
Tubingen in March 2017 at altitudes of up to 300  m above ground
level (a.g.l.), each with a sampled air volume of 2  m3 . 
grains and spores of various genera, as well as large ( >20 µ m)
opaque particles and fine dust particles, were collected, and specific
concentrations of up to 100 particles per m3 were determined by
visual microscopic analysis. The pollen concentration values measured with
the new UAS match well with the pollen concentration data published by the
Stiftung Deutscher Polleninformationsdienst (PID) and by MeteoSwiss. A
major advantage of the new multicopter-based UAS is the possibility of the
identification of collected aerosol particles and the measurement of their
concentration with high temporal and spatial resolutions, which can be used
inter alia to improve the database for modelling the propagation of aerosol
particles in the ABL.

Field of study: Environmental science
Some Results Useful in Multivariate Analysis

shown to be readily applicable to the moment problems of the sum of the roots and the distributions of the extreme roots. Most of the results given are in the form of certain recursion formulae for reducing special types of k-th order Vandermonde determinants in terms of those of orders (k - 1) and (k - 2). The applications of these results are given by S. N. Roy  and the present author . 2. Vandermonde's determinant. Let us first consider a type of determinant (due to Vandermonde) which plays an important role in the development of this paper. Denote by V0 the Vandermonde's determinant of the form Xkk-l Xk-2X1 xk-1 xk-2 xk-1 k-1 ... Xk- 1

Field of study: Mathematics
A comparative study of 'nasi kandar' eating patterns among patrons in the Klang Valley and Penang of Malaysia.

‘Nasi kandar’ is defined as boiled white rice placed inside a wooden basket and carried on the shoulder using a pole. The rice is served with a variety of pairing dishes that are usually fried, curried or boiled. The tradition of carrying rice and pairing dishes on the shoulder began to die out in the 20th century as seller resorted to a more conventional way of selling ‘nasi kandar’. The ‘nasi kandar’ business in Malaysia has evolved from being sold as a street food into a multi-million dollar franchise business rivalling the fast food business. It is available 24 hours and enjoyed by Malaysians from all walks of life. This study aims to compare ‘nasi kandar’ eating pattern among patrons in the Klang Valley and Penang. Three hundred sets of questionnaires were answered and collected. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed in PASW 18.0 using descriptive statistics and chi-square test for association. Klang Valley patrons (72%) would consume ‘nasi kandar’ once a week. More than half (53.3%) of the patrons from Penang consumed ‘nasi kandar’ more than twice a week. A significant relationship exists between patron’s region and frequency of ‘nasi kandar’ consumption where p = <0.0001 and r = 0.277. A significant but moderate relationship between patron’s region and consumption of ‘nasi kandar’ during breakfast (p = <0.001, r = 0.250), lunch (p = <0.0001, r = 264) and dinner (p = <0.0001, r = 0.336). Patrons in Penang consumed ‘nasi kandar’ more often than their Klang Valley counterparts. Klang Valley patrons were more particular than Penang patrons when it comes to cleanliness, menu pricing, friendly service, air-condition and separate smoking area. Klang Valley patrons tend to consume more chicken based dishes while Penang patrons tend to consume more meat, fish, and squid based dishes.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Pocono Stratigraphy in the Broadtop Basin of Pennsylvania

Work of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania The Pocono Series of the Mississippian period entirely surrounds the Broadtop Basin of Huntingdon, Fulton, and Bedford counties of Pennsylvania. The best opportunities for its study are afforded by the gaps in Terrace Mountain northwest of the basin and just southeast of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River near Saxton, Riddlesburg, and Hopewell, where the exposures are almost as perfect as could be desired; and in Sideling Hill, southeast of the basin and east of Robertsdale. Of these two regions the outcrops of Terrace Mountain are much the better. The Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania long ago studied these terranes, the Pocono of Sideling Hill being exhibited in the well-known and much-discussed section of Ashburner, 3 and that of Terrace Mountain in the equally known and more satisfactory sections of White. 4 Stevenson 5 also studied the Pocono in Bedford and Fulton counties, but . . .

Field of study: Geology
Tracing Primary PM2.5 emissions via Chinese supply chains

In this study, we examine a supply-chain approach to more effectively mitigate primary PM2.5 emissions in China from the perspectives of production, consumption and their linkages using structural path analysis. We identify the pattern of all supply chain paths using principal component analysis. To address the severe haze problems in China, it is important to understand how final demand purchase initiates production processes and ultimately leads to primary PM2.5 emission. We found that consumers' demands on power and transportation mainly induce direct emissions, quite different from the demands on construction, industry and service products which largely drive emissions in upstream activities. We also found that nearly 80% of the economic sectors in China follow a similar pattern in generating primary PM2.5 emissions in electricity, cement and the ferrous metal industries; but only the construction sector increases the release of PM2.5 due to the production of non-metallic mineral products. These findings indicate that further reduction of end-of-pipe emissions in the power and transportation sectors will facilitate cleaner production in almost all the economic sectors. However, for urbanization induced emissions, China should mitigate PM2.5 emissions through the supply chain of construction, either severely reducing its life-cycle intensity or carefully planning to avoid extensive, unnecessary building activity.

Field of study: Environmental science
Paul Brassley, Yves Segers, and Leen Van Molle, eds., War, agriculture, and food: rural Europe from the 1930s to the 1950s ( New York and London: Routledge, 2012. Pp. xviii + 268. 13 figs. 21 maps. ISBN 9780415522168 Hbk. £80)


Field of study: Economics, History
RNA sequencing revealed a comprehensive circular RNA expression profile in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common liver disease and a severe mortality burden in the world. However, ALD is rarely detected at its early stages. Thus, exploration of an early event for ALD may help the prognosis and further therapy of ALD. Several circRNAs were proven as novel molecular biomarkers for the progression of chronic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Whether circRNAs are involved explicitly in ALD remains unknown.



The expression profile of circRNAs in an ALD mouse model was depicted by circRNA sequencing. The dysregulated circRNAs were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic and circRNA/microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk analyses were applied to predict the potential functions of circRNAs. Finally, the miRNA expression was confirmed by miRNA sequencing.



Compared with the control group, 6 members of circRNAs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated in the ALD model. GO enrichment analyses revealed these circRNAs were predominantly enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum, arachidonic acid metabolism, and cytochrome P450 metabolism pathway. Among these circRNAs, the differential expression of 5 circRNAs was validated and consistent with qRT-PCR, and only the upregulated mou_circ_1657 is included in the circBase. Further, the crosstalk analysis of circRNA-miRNA revealed 7 miRNAs were targeted by mou_circ_1657, of which miR19-5b was the only miRNA that was downregulated in the ALD mice according to the miRNA sequencing data, suggesting it needs further attention in ALD.



This study demonstrates that a cluster of circRNAs is aberrantly expressed in the livers of ALD mice. mou-circRNA-1657/miR19-5b may play a critical role in the development of ALD. Our study provides new insight into the future investigation and therapy on ALD.

Field of study: Medicine