nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Scientific publications and research groups on alcohol consumption and related problems worldwide: authorship analysis of papers indexed in PubMed and Scopus databases (2005 to 2009).

The research of alcohol consumption-related problems is a multidisciplinary field. The aim of this study is to analyze the worldwide scientific production in the area of alcohol-drinking and alcohol-related problems from 2005 to 2009.



A MEDLINE and Scopus search on alcohol (alcohol-drinking and alcohol-related problems) published from 2005 to 2009 was carried out. Using bibliometric indicators, the distribution of the publications was determined within the journals that publish said articles, specialty of the journal (broad subject terms), article type, language of the publication, and country where the journal is published. Also, authorship characteristics were assessed (collaboration index and number of authors who have published more than 9 documents). The existing research groups were also determined.



About 24,100 documents on alcohol, published in 3,862 journals, and authored by 69,640 authors were retrieved from MEDLINE and Scopus between the years 2005 and 2009. The collaboration index of the articles was 4.83 ± 3.7. The number of consolidated research groups in the field was identified as 383, with 1,933 authors. Documents on alcohol were published mainly in journals covering the field of "Substance-Related Disorders," 23.18%, followed by "Medicine," 8.7%, "Psychiatry," 6.17%, and "Gastroenterology," 5.25%.



Research on alcohol is a consolidated field, with an average of 4,820 documents published each year between 2005 and 2009 in MEDLINE and Scopus. Alcohol-related publications have a marked multidisciplinary nature. Collaboration was common among alcohol researchers. There is an underrepresentation of alcohol-related publications in languages other than English and from developing countries, in MEDLINE and Scopus databases.

Field of study: Medicine
SYNTHESIS AND SOME PROPERTIES OF 5-ALKYLAMINO-2-(PHTHALIMIDOALKYL)-1,3-OXAZOLE-4-CARBONITRILES

5-Alkylamino-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonitriles containing a 2-phthalimidoethyl or 3-phthalimidopropyl substituent at position 2 of the oxazole ring were synthesized. In the reaction of 5-(morpholin-4-yl)-2‑(2-phthalimidoethy)l-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonitrile with hydrazine hydrate, 2-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(morpholin-4‑yl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonitrile is formed. In the case of the 3-phthalimidopropyl analog, the recyclization product 3-amino-2-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)-6,7-dihydro-5 H -pyrrolo[1,2- a ]imidazole is formed.  S. A. Chumachenko, O. V. Shablykin, A. N. Vasilenko, and V. S. Brovarets English translation in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , 2011, 47 (8), pp 1020-1028 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10593-011-0869-y

Field of study: Chemistry
Locally Convex Sparse Learning over Networks

We consider a distributed learning setup where a sparse signal is estimated over a network. Our main interest is to save communication resource for information exchange over the network and reduce processing time. Each node of the network uses a convex optimization based algorithm that provides a locally optimum solution for that node. The nodes exchange their signal estimates over the network in order to refine their local estimates. At a node, the optimization algorithm is based on an $\ell_1$-norm minimization with appropriate modifications to promote sparsity as well as to include influence of estimates from neighboring nodes. Our expectation is that local estimates in each node improve fast and converge, resulting in a limited demand for communication of estimates between nodes and reducing the processing time. We provide restricted-isometry-property (RIP)-based theoretical analysis on estimation quality. In the scenario of clean observation, it is shown that the local estimates converge to the exact sparse signal under certain technical conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms show competitive performance compared to a globally optimum distributed LASSO algorithm in the sense of convergence speed and estimation error.

Field of study: Computer science
Twenty-Five Years of Caring for and Treating "Feeble-Minded" Persons in the United States: a Review of the Literature From 1874 To 1900

Present conditions of mentally retarded persons in institutions are in large part the legacy of those scholars and practitioners who worked at the close of the previous century. A review of the literature for the period 1874-1900 indicates that early professionals recognized a large group of defective persons in society known as idiots; that these idiots were susceptible to improvement through training and education; that society had an obligation to provide for and protect this defective group; and that they viewed prevention as a major goal. The negative outcomes of sequestration, sterilization, indentured work, and the denial of civil and constitutional rights also developed as consequences of the activities of these early activists in mental retardation.

Field of study: Education
Large critical current densities in YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films formed by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at reduced temperature

YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconducting thin films with a critical current density exceeding 1 x 106 A/cm2 at 77.7 K were prepared by a plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PE-MOCVD) process. The thin films (130 nm thick) were formed in-situ on LaAlO3 substrates at a temperature of 670‡ C in 2 Torr partial pressure of activated N2O. Resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the as-deposited films show a sharp superconducting transition temperature of 89.8 K. Critical current densities were measured by the dc transport method with a patterned bridge of 120 × 40 Μm. Both x-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy measurements indicate that films grew epitaxially with the c-axis perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

Field of study: Materials science
Plot3asic, three level QC data plotting and analysis freeware, for addressing cost of quality issues in diagnostic laboratories at resource constrained settings

In the rapidly evolving field of laboratory medicine, Quality Control (QC) is paramount in ensuring result accuracy and precision. However, QC procedures incur high cost of quality (COQ) which is often a hurdle to laboratories in resource constrained settings. Proprietary QC software is either expensive or tethered to proprietary platforms. Open source statistical libraries require considerable coding expertise often unavailable with laboratory personnel. Therefore, Plot3asic was developed as a freeware for generating publication quality QC plots with Westgard rule violation checks across three control levels.  Plot3asic was developed using Python3 with „plotly‟, an open source visualization toolbox. QC rules implemented by Plot3asic are adapted from Westgard rules. Mathematical calculations were independently verified by two investigators. Artificial datasets with known QC violations were analyzed using Plot3asic. Commercial QC material run data for the month of June 2019 were simultaneously analyzed on MultiXLv2017.01A(EM200) platform (Transasia/Erba Mannheim) and Plot3asic.  The results were generated as HTML files. The application was able to identify all QC violations as claimed. There was 100% corroboration between the violations flagged by MultiXLv2017.01A(EM200) platform and Plot3asic. The application also calculates sigma metric should the user choose to do so.  To the best of our knowledge, Plot3asic provides features that no other freeware does till date. Determination of sigma metric helps streamline QC and reduce COQ. Plot3asic does not interface with proprietary platforms and is particularly helpful in semi-automated and manual assay data analysis in resource constrained settings.

Field of study: Medicine
A First Quantitative Census of Vascular Epiphytes in Rain forests of Colombian Amazonia

Epiphytism in Colombian Amazonia was described by counting vascular epiphytes in thirty 0.025-ha (5 × 50 m) plots, well-distributed over the main landscape units in the middle Caquetá area of Colombian Amazonia. Each plot was directly adjacent to a 0.1-ha plot at which the species composition of trees and lianas (diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm) had been recorded 3 years earlier. The purpose of the study was to explore abundance, diversity, and distribution of epiphytes between the principal landscape units. A total of 6129 individual vascular epiphytes were recorded belonging to 27 families, 73 genera, and 213 species (which included 59 morpho-species). Araceae, Orchidaceae, and Bromeliaceae were the most speciose and abundant families. A total of 2763 phorophytes were registered, 1701 (62%) of which with DBH  ≥ 2.5 cm. About 40–60% of the woody plants with DBH  ≥ 2.5 cm carried epiphytes, which points at low phorophyte limitation throughout all landscapes. Epiphytism was concentrated on stem bases. Just as trees, epiphyte species assemblages were well associated with the main landscapes. Contrary to trees, however, epiphyte abundance and diversity (species richness, Fisher’s alpha index) hardly differed between the landscapes. This calls for caution when explanations for distribution and dynamics of tree species are extrapolated to growth forms with a totally different ecology.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effects of Sugarcane Bagasse-derived Biochar on Adsorption and Desorption of Ciprofloxacin in Tropical Soils

In this study, a series of biochars were prepared by pyrolyzing sugarcane bagasses, a typical tropical agricultural wastes, at three different pyrolysis temperatures(350, 450, 550 ℃), which was referred as BC350,BC450 and BC550. The effects of biochars on the adsorption and desorption of ciprofloxacin on Latosols and the dominant mechanism of ciprofloxacin environmental behavior in biochar soils were studied. Results showed that the adsorption on Latosols and biochar-amended soils(w/w, 1.0%) included two steps, the fast reaction and the slow reaction; The adsorption kinetics of ciprofloxacin on Latosols and biochar-amended soils(w/w, 1.0%) were accorded with the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation( r 0.989, p 0.01); Biochar amendment rates were set as 0.1%,0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.0%(w/w)of soils. Biochars could significantly increase the adsorption of Latosols. The adsorption quantity would increase with the increasing quantity of biochar. The adsorption and desorption data over the entire range of antibiotics concentrations were well described by the Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation with r0.984 and p0.01. The desorption process of ciprofloxacin on biochar-amended soils were not a reversible process of adsorption. The single-step desorption isotherms suggested that the adsorption/desorption of ciprofloxacin in the soils were consistently hysteretic. The hysteresis index values of ciprofloxacin on biochar-amended soils were 1.32 ~1.86 times higher than Latosols. The mechanism of adsorption of ciprofloxacin on biochar-amended soils included surface adsorption and partition. Microporous absorption was the direct cause which led to sorption-desorption retardation. The biochar-amended soils had fixation effects on ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin adsorbed by biochar-amended soils were difficult to be desorbed. Therefore, the application of biochars to soil could change the transport processes and decrease the ecology risk.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Extracting finite state models from i* models

The Naive Algorithm (NA) extracts all possible finite state models from i* models.We observe an explosion in the finite state model space.The Semantic Implosion Algorithm (SIA) is a solution to this explosion problem.NA and SIA are extensively simulated on different categories of i* models.SIA drastically reduces the model space growth from O(1020) (for NA) to O(103). i* models are inherently sequence agnostic. This makes the process of cross-checking i* models against temporal properties quite impossible. There is an immediate industrial need to bridge the gap between such a sequence agnostic model and a standardized model verifier so that model checking can be performed in the requirement analysis phase itself. In this paper, we first spell out the Naive Algorithm that generates all possible finite state models corresponding to a given i* model. The growth of the finite state model space can be mapped to the problem of finding the number of possible paths between the Least Upper Bound (LUB) and the Greatest Lower Bound (GLB) of a k-dimensional hypercube lattice structure. The mathematics for doing a quantitative analysis of the space growth has also been presented. The Naive Algorithm has its main drawback in the hyperexponential growth of the model space. The Semantic Implosion Algorithm is proposed as a solution to the hyperexponential problem. This algorithm exploits the temporal information embedded within the i* model of an enterprise to reduce the rate of growth of the finite state model space. A comparative quantitative analysis between the two approaches concludes the superiority of the Semantic Implosion Algorithm.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Grey Relation Analysis on the High-tech Industry and Economic Growth——Empirical Evidence from Yunnan Province of China

This paper discusses the development of high technology industry in Yunnan province of China in period of “post financial crisis” from the perspective of overall situation and industry sectors. Based on the data from 2008 to 2014 and by using the grey correlation model, the empirical analysis has been done about the relationship between the high technology industry and economic growth in Yunnan province. Results show that although the overall level of high technology industry development in Yunnan province is not high, and there is some problems such as imbalance of industrial development, low input of R&D investment, poor innovation ability, the high technology industry leading role in the regional economic growth is revealed, and the grey correlation degree of high technology industries and regional economic growth is 0.71103, second only to the construction industry. Finally, the article puts forward some policy suggestions for the development of high technology industry combined the actual development in Yunnan province.

Field of study: Business
DSC and high pressure conductivity and electrical relaxation measurements in PPO and PPO complexed with lithium salts

Differential scanning calorimetry and high pressure electrical conductivity studies have been carried out on poly(propylene oxide) after the addition of various lithium salts. In addition, high pressure electrical relaxation measurements have been performed in the glass transition region on uncomplexed PPO. The vacuum conductivity measurements show that T 0 is 30–40°C lower than the DSC Tg. Next, it is found that both T 0 and Tg increase several K/kbar. In terms of the configurational entropy model, the isobaric data yield a reasonable value for the activation volume which is consistent with values previously reported for PEO complexed with alkali metal ions. The isothermal data yield a negative activation volume for PPO complexed with LiSCN. Finally, DSC and isothermal conductivity measurements show that neither T g nor the apparent activation volume scale directly with ion size.

Field of study: Materials science
Hypoglycemia induced by insulin increases hepatic capacity to produce glucose from gluconeogenic amino acids.

To investigate the hepatic capacity to produce glucose during hypoglycemia induced by insulin (HII).



Livers from 24-h fasted rats which received i.p. insulin (HII rats) or saline (control rats) were perfused in situ. The gluconeogenic substrates L-alanine (5 mmol/L), L-glutamine (5 mmol/L), L-lactate (2 mmol/L), and glycerol (2 mmol/L) were employed. The gluconeogenic activity was measured as the difference between rates of glucose released during and before the substrate infusion. In part of the experiments the production of urea was measured. Before the liver perfusion blood was collected for determination of glycemia and insulinemia.



HII rats showed: (a) hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia; (b) increased hepatic capacity to produce glucose from L-alanine and L-glutamine; (c) increased hepatic ureogenesis from L-alanine and L-glutamine; and (d) increased hepatic glucose production from glycerol. However, hepatic glucose production from L-lactate was not affected by hypoglycemia.



In spite of hyperinsulinemia the hepatic capacity to produce glucose from L-glutamine and L-alanine increased during HII. These results can be attributed to the higher hepatic catabolism of both amino acids, since the ability of the liver to produce glucose was not affected by hypoglycemia.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Sandra Kuntz Ficker, El comercio exterior de México en la era del capitalismo liberal, 1870–1929 (México, D.F.: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos, 2007), pp. 531, pb.

Chile and Peru and, most importantly, using hitherto untapped sources from the very local area of the conflict which are handled with the healthy detachment of an impartial foreign observer, with eyes not tinged with chauvinistic animosity. If anything, the book is thin in references to dissent amongst Chilean intellectuals. Vicente Dagnino, the Chilean surgeon-historian who chose to disobey authorities’ restrictions by serving the Peruvian poor and bravely fighting the outbreak of bubonic plague in Tacna, is mentioned only in the bibliography. Carlos Vicuña Fuentes and his criticism of Chilean official policy on Tacna and Arica merited more than the single footnote allocated to him. His dismissal from the Instituto Pedagogico and Instituto Nacional because of his anti-patriotism elicited the support of the Teachers’ Society and the Federation of Students who rallied in the streets of Santiago. In sum, Chile was determined to stay in Tacna and Arica and convert pre-existing Peruvian loyalties into a newly acquired Chilean nationality simply because, as Luis Ortega has posited in a recent book, the newly acquired territories represented a definitive solution to the structural crisis of the 1870s. At the onset of the Pacific War, in July 1879, the Chilean envoy Alberto Blest Gana in Paris wrote to his friend Anı́bal, the president of Chile : ‘ [_ in this war] not a single means should be avoided to achieve the end we are aiming for : not only victory but the salvation of our country ’. Presented with the choice of either winning over the hearts and minds of the local population or imposing a new allegiance sometimes by coercion, as occupying powers usually do, Chile tended to opt for the latter. Peruvian resistance, crushed by the long War of the Pacific, reinvented itself in admirable cultural expressions in which women played a fundamental part. This is one of the finest elements addressed by Skuban. The lines on the sand were finally fixed but the story has not yet finished : as this book hits the market, Chile and Peru are again at loggerheads disputing the way in which those lines should be projected into the territorial waters. One wonders how far in the future lies the end to these deep seated intermittent animosities and when those lines in the sand and in the sea shall be gone with the wind of Latin American integration.

Field of study: Political science
Simulation experiments for radiologic inspection inside a nuclear reactor

Experiments were performed in a gamma cell to simulate radiologic inspection inside a CANDU nuclear power reactor. Radiation in the gamma cell is similar, both in magnitude and directions, to that in a shut down CANDU reactor. The inspection consists of detecting garter spring spacers used to maintain the gap between pressure tubes and calandria tubes in CANDU reactors. A shielding head made of tungsten alloy was placed inside a pressure tube. A glass scintillator was used as the gamma radiation detector. The scintillation light travelled through a fiber-optic light guide to the radiation-free environment outside the gamma cell, where the light was detected by a light sensor. Earlier experiments used a high-resolution CCD (charge coupled device) camera to capture images transferred through a high-resolution fiberscope. Later experiments used silicon photodiodes to measure the intensity of the light transferred through a fiber bundle that was made in-house. The light intensity approach was found to be more suitable for the detection of garter springs. The removal of the garter spring resulted in an immediate increase in the intensity of the scintillation light. Experimental results in the gamma cell show great promise for constructing a real-time garter spring detection tool for use in CANDU reactors.

Field of study: Physics
Preparation and characterization of anatase F-TiO_2 sol photocatalysts

Fluorine-doped TiO_2 sol(F-TiO_2) was prepared by the modified precipitation-sol-hydrothermal crystallization method with TiCl_4 as precursor.The influences of F doping, temperature and time of hydrothermal crystallization, medium pH value on the morphology and crystallization were studied.The particle size and structure of the prepared F-TiO_2 sol as well as the interaction of F with TiO_2 were characterized with XRD, UV-Vis-DRS, TEM, TG-DTA, FTIR and XPS.The results showed that F-TiO_2 particles in sol were spherical, and partly crystallized to anatase.They were dispersed in the aqueous medium uniformly and showed narrow particle size distribution.The average particle size was 6.5 nm as calculated from XRD and TEM results.It was also shown that fluorine atoms were adsorbed by TiO_2 sol particles in two forms.One was physically adsorbed on the surface of TiO_2, and the other was embedded into TiO_2 crystal lattice.It was found that the addition of fluorine could improve the crystallization of particle significantly, decrease the temperature and shorten the time of hydrothermal crystallization.The adsorption capacity, surface acidity and the photocatalytic activity for decomposition of Rhodamine B were enhanced remarkably with the doping of fluorine.The mechanism of improvement of the photocatalytic activity and structure of TiO_2 by fluorine was discussed.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Knowledge of Disease and Dietary Compliance in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Noncompliance is a common problem in patients with end-stage renal disease. In this study, we assessed the relationship between knowledge of disease and dietary compliance in a cohort of 56 dialysis patients. Based on a health belief model of adherence, we predicted that dialysis patients who knew more about kidney disease and its treatment would be more compliant than those who knew less about these matters. We also examined the relationship between dietary compliance and patients' emotional well-being. We used a composite measure of compliance consisting of serum K, P, and interdialytic weight gain. A 30-item “Kidney Disease Questionnaire” was used to assess patients' knowledge of their illness. Contrary to prediction, compilers did not score higher on the knowledge questionnaire; in fact, the observed correlation of .32 was in the opposite direction. In the same vein, we found no relationship between compliance and emotional well-being. These results, although somewhat surprising, add to a growing body of research which indicates that medical compliance involves more than educating patients about the mechanisms and treatment of their illness.

Field of study: Psychology