nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Operating Results and Improvements on the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) Polarized Proton Ion Source

The ANL polarized proton ion source has been operating for almost two years. In that time, the improvements and modifications discussed here have increased the peak current by a factor of 3 and the polarization to 75 to 80%. The beam stability and, spin reversal are no longer problems, and the maintenance requirements have been significantly reduced. Some further increases in the output current of the source may be possible. Adding up all of the current gains discussed above and applying them to a well-tuned source with a clean, efficient dissociator tube; beam currents of 50-60 ¿A may be possible. A new RF amplifier and a higher voltage electron gun in the ionizer may allow currents in the 75 iA range. However, beam currents beyond this level will probably require a radically new approach to the design of atomic beam sources.

Field of study: Physics
Constrained frequent pattern mining on univariate uncertain data

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called CUP-Miner (Constrained Univariate Uncertain Data Pattern Miner) for mining frequent patterns from univariate uncertain data under user-specified constraints. The discovered frequent patterns are called constrained frequent U2 patterns (where ''U2'' represents ''univariate uncertain''). In univariate uncertain data, each attribute in a transaction is associated with a quantitative interval and a probability density function. The CUP-Miner algorithm is implemented in two phases: In the first phase, a U2P-tree (Univariate Uncertain Pattern tree) is constructed by compressing the target database transactions into a compact tree structure. Then, in the second phase, the constrained frequent U2 pattern is enumerated by traversing the U2P-tree with different strategies that correspond to different types of constraints. The algorithm speeds up the mining process by exploiting five constraint properties: succinctness, anti-monotonicity, monotonicity, convertible anti-monotonicity, and convertible monotonicity. Our experimental results demonstrate that CUP-Miner outperforms the modified CAP algorithm, the modified FIC algorithm, the modified U2P-Miner algorithm, and the modified Apriori algorithm.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Effect of Carbide on the High Stress Abrasive Wear of High Chromium Cast Iron

The abrasive wear test with different loads was carried for high chromium white cast iron on the wear test machine.The protect affection of carbide on the matrix and the carbide surface stripped was analyzed.It is shown that the wear lose was slow when the load was under a specific value,but it was increased fastly when the load is increased over a specific values.With the increase of the wear load,the small size carbide stripped from the surface firstly,and then the big size carbide stripped and mashed when the load keep on increasing,So in order to increase the wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron,it is helpful that the carbide hold in suitable size and distribution equably in the iron.

Field of study: Materials science
Preparation technology of low-molecular-weight fucoidans and their antibacterial activity

In order to prepared low molecular weight fucoidans, the method of ultrasonic-assisted oxidative degradation was used in this work, and hydrogen peroxide was chose as the oxidative agent for its high oxidative capacity. Preparation of the molecular weight by ultrafiltration membrane separation50 ku and 50 ku two low molecular weight component ingredient fucoidans, and not degraded fucoidans antibacterial activity was measured as a control. Meanwhile, the degradation rate of polysaccharides and sulfate group retention were determined as well as the antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus. The experimental results showed that after two-hours degradation, the rate of hydrolysis of polysaccharides was 30.73%, sulfate group retention rate of low molecular weight fucoidans was 24.71% and the diameter of inhabiting circle for Staphylococcus aureus was 25 mm. Therefore, the method of ultrasonic-assisted oxidative degradation could be effective to degrade fucoidans and the obtained low molecular weight fucoidans exhibited good antibacterial biological activity.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Multiple shock-shock interference on a cylindrical leading edge

The details of an experimental study of shock wave interference heating on a cylindrical leading edge representative of the cowl of a rectangular hypersonic engine inlet are presented. This Mach 8 study has provided the first detailed pressure and heat transfer rate distributions on a cylinder resulting from a two-dimensional shockwave interference pattern created by two incident oblique shock waves intersecting the cylinder bow shock wave. The peak heat transfer rate was 38 times the undisturbed flow stagnation point level and occurred when the two oblique shock waves coalesced prior to intersecting the cylinder bow shock wave. Development of pressure deflection diagrams identified a new interference pattern consisting of concomitant supersonic jets separated from each other by a shear layer and submerged in the subsonic region between the bow shock wave and body.

Field of study: Physics
Women’s Networking and Career Development: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature

Women behave differently from men in the development of their career. Additionally, women use networking relationships for advancement of their careers. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to analyze the different empirical views on barriers in women’s networking and its impact on their career development. The literature review comprises journal articles, conference proceedings and institutional reports by multidimensional organizations on the topic of women’s networking and their career development. This review article identifies five critical aspects in the literature as old boy’s networks, gender stereotype for networks, women network structure, network preference and attitude on women’s networking. Finally, this paper presents the deficiencies of existing literature and directions to future research.

Field of study: Business
HIGH-POTASH DIKES IN THE HOMESTAKE MINE, LEAD, SOUTH DAKOTA

Widely scattered bodies of Tertiary intrusive porphyry crop out in the northern Black Hills, in greatest abundance in a circular area of about 10-mile radius with Lead and the Homestake Mine at the center. Five rock types are represented: rhyolite; quartz monzonite; monzonite; grorudite; and phonolite. A swarm of rhyolite dikes in the Homestake Mine comprise rocks of two distinct compositional types: so-called low potash rocks with about equal parts of orthoclase, albite, and quartz; and high potash rocks which consist of orthoclase and quartz. There are no ferro-magnesian minerals in either type of rock. While only a few other occurrences of rocks of the high potash type have been described, it does not seem possible to dismiss this rock type from a genetic classification on the basis of inaccurate description. Three possible modes of origin for similar rocks have been proposed: selective assimilation of potash-rich wall rocks; hydrothermal introduction of potash; or, most probably, normal differentiation with strong reaction, followed by hindered reaction (Bowen, 1928).

Field of study: Geology
CD Management System for Library Based on Network Virtual CD-ROM Drive

Document resource of library CD-ROM increases continuously in recent years,but there is no an effective approach for managing them.Introduces the new management approaches of Webbased virtual drive,points out the disfigurement on the administration.And based on this conclusion,builds the arrangement working of Web-based virtual drive,so that readers can browse and read CD-ROM resources quickly through the Website.The system needs simple environment and makes it an ideal way for managing the CD-ROMs for library.In addition discusses the problems existing in the system.

Field of study: Computer science
Une mégaséquence d'émersion: la Lettenkohle (Trias Est de la France). Mise en évidence de marées par l'imbrication bipolaire de plaques de dessiccation

ZusammenfassungSchon im mittleren Oberen Muschelkalk zeigen die vollmarinen Fazies eine allmähliche Verringerung der Meerestiefe. Mit dem Auftreten der Lettenkohle scheint die im Oberen Muschelkalk optimale Transgression langsam abzuklingen. Ein progressiver übergang von einer marinen Riffbildung zu einem Küstenlandmoor veranschaulicht eine Regression. Dieser Vorgang bildet die Megasequenz einer progressiven totalen Emersion.Gezeiteneinflüsse werden an eingeregelten Trockenri\klasten und Rinnen beobachtet. Wattgefüge werden mit denen des heutigen Wattablagerungsmilieu des Mont Saint Michel in der Normandie verglichen.AbstractFrom the Middle Upper Muschelkalk the marine facies are becoming less deep. At the beginning of the Lettenkohle the marine transgression which had reached a maximum in the Upper Muschelkalk now seems to decline. Regression is evidenced by progressive replacement of reef facies by coastal deposits and supratidal marshes. The process results in the erection of the coarsening upward cycle of a progressive complete emergence.The trace of tides, i.e. bipolar desiccation clast fabric as well as tidal channels have been observed. Some tidal structures are compared with those of the depositional environment of Mont Saint Michel (Normandie).RésuméDès la partie moyenne du Muschelkalk supérieur, les faciès marins francs deviennent de moins en moins profonds. Avec l'avènement de la Lettenkohle, la transgression marine à son maximum dans le Muschelkalk supérieur, semble s'épuiser. Le caractère régressif est attesté par le relais de faciès récifaux, par des dépÔts littoraux et des marais cÔtiers. Cette évolution est marquée par l'édification d'une mégaséquence d'émersion complète. Des indices de marées sous forme d'imbrications bipolaires de plaques de dessiccation ainsi que des chenaux tidaux ont été observés. Certaines structures tidales ont été comparées avec celles de l'estran du Mont-Saint-Michel en Normandie (France).кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕНА ОсНОВАНИИ ИсслЕДО ВАНИь ОтлОжЕНИИ сРЕД НЕгО ВЕРхНЕгО  О ИжВЕстНькА УстАНОВ ИлИ пОстЕпЕННОЕ ОМЕлЕНИЕ ЁтОгО МОРск ОгО БАссЕИНА. В НИжНИх ьРУсАх тРИАсА тРАНсг РЕссИь ВЕРхНЕгО РАкУ шЕЧНОгО ИжВЕстНькА пРЕкРАЩА Етсь И НАЧИНАЕтсь ЕгО ОтстУплЕНИЕ.РЕгРЕссИУ ЁтУ МОжНО ж АМЕтИть пО УсИлИВАУЩ ИМсь пЕРЕхОДЕ От МОРскИх Р ИФОВ ДО НАДлИтОРАльН ОгО БОлОтА. пРИ ЁтОМ ОБРАж ОВАлАсь МОЩНАь сВИтА сО ВсЕ ВОжРАстА УЩИМ пОьсОМ пЕсЧАНОг АлЕЧНИкОВых МОРскИх ОтлОжЕНИИ, пО кРыВАУЩИх РАНЕЕ ОБРАжОВАВшИЕсь ОсАД ОЧНыЕ пОРОДы. ВлИьНИЕ пРИлИВОВ-Отл ИВОВ жАМЕтНО пО БОРОж ДАМ И РЕгУльРНыМ тРЕЩИНАМ УсыхАНИь. стРУктУРы, п ОьВИВшИЕсь жДЕсь, схОДНы с тАкОВы МИ сЕгОДНьшНЕгО РАИОНА В Mont Saint Michel В НОРМАНДИ И.

Field of study: Environmental science
An antisense transgenic strategy to inhibit the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein synthesis.

To understand the function of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a myelin specific protein of the central nervous system, transgenic mice were produced. The transgene is a fusion gene containing 1.9 kb of murine myelin basic protein promoter, 430 bp of rat MOG cDNA in the reverse orientation and 4.5 kb of human proteolipid protein gene. In spite of high expression of antisense MOG mRNA in the oligodendrocytes, MOG synthesis was not inhibited in transgenic mice. This lack of inhibition of MOG underlines the difficulties encountered with antisense transgenic strategies.

Field of study: Biology
Errors in the Estimation of Net Migration Rate in the Studies of Internal Migration

The effect of relaxing the conditions regarding the equality of the mortality rates and of the errors of enumeration between the states and the nation, on the error in the estimation of the net migration rate by the census survival ratio method, is examined and it is shown that, when the national population is closed, the necessary and sufficient condition for this error to become zero is that the relative degree of enumeration for any age x of a given sex in the ith state as compared with the degree of enumeration in the nation at the first census bears the same ratio to the relative degree of enumeration for the same cohort at age (x + n) at the second census, as the survival ratio of that cohort from age x to (x + n) in the ith state bears to the corresponding survival ratio in the nation as a whole.

Field of study: Mathematics
Improvements for comparative analysis of changes in diversity of microbial communities using internal standards in PCR-DGGE.

The use of internal standards both during DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE procedure gives the opportunity to analyse the relative abundance of individual species back to the original sample, thereby facilitating relative comparative analysis of diversity. Internal standards were used throughout the DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE to compensate for experimental variability. Such variability causes decreased reproducibility among replicate samples as well as compromise comparisons between samples, since experimental errors cannot be differentiated from actual changes in the community abundance and structure. The use of internal standards during DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE is suitable for ecological and ecotoxicological experiments with microbial communities, where relative changes in the community abundance and structure are studied. We have developed a protocol Internal Standards in Molecular Analysis of Diversity (ISMAD) that is simple to use, inexpensive, rapid to perform and it does not require additional samples to be processed. The internal standard for DNA extraction (ExtrIS) is a fluorescent 510-basepair PCR product which is added to the samples prior to DNA extraction, recovered together with the extracted DNA from the samples and analysed with fluorescence spectrophotometry. The use of ExtrIS during isolation of sample DNA significantly reduced variation among replicate samples. The PCR internal standard (PCR(IS)) originates from the Drosophila melanogaster genome and is a 140-basepair long PCR product, which is amplified by non-competitive primers in the same PCR reaction tubes as the target DNA and analysed together with the target PCR product on the same DGGE gel. The use of PCR(IS) during PCR significantly reduced variation among replicate samples both when assessing total PCR product and when comparing bands representing species on a DGGE gel. The entire ISMAD protocol was shown to accurately describe changes in relative abundance in an environmental sample using PCR-DGGE. It should, however, be mentioned that despite the use of ISMAD some inherent biases still exist in DNA extraction and PCR-DGGE and these should be taken into consideration when interpreting the diversity in a sample based on a DGGE gel.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Can Regular Bladder Washouts and Acetylcysteine Instillation Prevent Stone Formation and Reduce Incidence of Urine Infections in the Augmented Bladder

To monitor the effects of regular bladder washout regime and use of acetylcysteine in te prevention of stones and frequency of symptomatic urine infections in children post bladder augmentation.  who underwent augmentation cystoplasty with a mean followup of 37 months (11-98)were included. All of them were contacted with questionnaires. Information requested included frequency of bladder washouts both in the first three months after surgery and presently to date, type of solution used and whether acetylcysteine solution was prescribed ay any time for the management of severe mucous production. The clinical nurse specialists in our department have extended outdoor role with liaison in the community. The children and families are contacted regularly to ensure compliance and providing support to them as needed.  Frequency of bladder washouts varied considerably from once daily upto four times a day in the first 3 months. Following that the ferquency reduced significantly to once daily to not at all. All chldren used saline for the washouts. Wsahout dwell time was less tha 5 mins in 17 ans 5-10 mins in 2. 7 children used acetylcysteine in the 1st six weeks postoperatively. 13 children were taking prohylactic antibiotics. The incidence of bladder stones formation to date is zero. Incidence of symptomtic urine infection was less than 1 episode in a 6 month period in these children.  Adhering strictly to postoperative bladder washout regimes indicates that NO children in this study have any evidence of bladder stone formation and the incidence of symptomatic urine infections was significantly reduced. The services of a clinical nurse specialist with outdoor liaison duties is invaluable to provision of such excellent standards of clinical care and outcomes and also in achieving good compliance from the children after major bladder reconstruction.

Field of study: Medicine
Über Edelgas-Quecksilberlampen. II

ZusammenfassungDie früher gegebene Beschreibung 1) der auffallenden spektroskopischen Effekte in Edelgas-Quecksilber-Leuchtröhren wurde durch elektrische Messungen ergänzt. Sondenmessungen nach Langmuir gaben einen Einblick in den Mechanismus der positiven Säule dieser Gasgemische, mit dem alle beobachteten Erscheinungen vollständig erklärt werden können.

Field of study: Physics
Stitch: A language for architecture-based self-adaptation

Requirements for high availability in computing systems today demand that systems be self-adaptive to maintain expected qualities-of-service in the presence of system faults, variable environmental conditions, and changing user requirements. Autonomic computing tackles the challenge of automating tasks that humans would otherwise have to perform to achieve this goal. However, existing approaches to autonomic computing lack the ability to capture routine human repair tasks in a way that takes into account the business context humans use in selecting an appropriate form of adaptation, while dealing with timing delays and uncertainties in outcome of repair actions. In this article, we present Stitch, a language for representing repair strategies within the context of an architecture-based self-adaptation framework. Stitch supports the explicit representation of repair decision trees together with the ability to express business objectives, allowing a self-adaptive system to select a strategy that has optimal utility in a given context, even in the presence of potential timing delays and outcome uncertainty.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Research and Design of a Two-Level Cache of CD Server

With the growth of resources of the CD on the network,the CD server becomes important technology that the CD network shares.To the shortcoming of the traditional CD server,we have realized a new high-performance CD server(CDS).CDS system adopts the technology of two-level Cache(client side Cache and server Cache) to improve systematic performance.According to the characteristic of order access of CD,client side Cache adopt fetch algorithm in advance which slowly increase and drop fast,this algorithm not only improve systematic performance,but also ensure the response time of missing when fetch in advance.Server Cache adopts two-level framework of balanced binary tree combined with Hash algorithm, realizes the looking for fast of Cache.While introduce two-level Cache algorithm of CDS system in detail,we have carried on the corresponding testing and analysis of performance.

Field of study: Computer science
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL REINFORCED RECYCIED AGGREGATE CONCRETE COMPOSITE COLUMNS UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION LOADING

In order to study the behavior of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete(SRRAC) composite columns under axial compression loading,23 specimens are designed,and three vary parameters are considered,which are the recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate,the volumetric percentage of stirrups and concrete strength grade.Failure patterns,the curves of the whole force process,and the ultimate bearing capacity are obtained,and the influence of three parameters is analyzed.Based on the experiment,a strength formula of SRRAC columns is proposed.The results show that the steel is yield,the recycled concrete is crushed,and the SRRAC columns have good bearing behavior.Three parameters have a great influence on the bearing capacity,and an optimum recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate is 40%.The ultimate bearing capacity of SRRAC columns calculated according to the proposed formula is coincide with the test results.The results can provide a reference for a further research and engineering applications of SRRAC composite structures.

Field of study: Engineering
Phase Formation during Solidification of Mg-Nd-Zn Alloys: An In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction Study

Mg-4Nd base alloys with Zn additions of 3, 5 and 8 wt % were investigated with in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction during solidification. This method enabled the investigation of phase formation and transformation in the alloys. The diffraction results were supported with TEM observations on the as-solidified samples. The results show the effect of increased Zn addition on stabilizing the Mg3RE phase (RE—rare earth). The experimental results agree only partially with the theoretical calculations indicating the need to improve the existing thermodynamic database on the alloy system.

Field of study: Materials science
BSPL: Balanced Static Power Logic

The down-scaling of circuit technology has led to stronger leakage currents in CMOS standard cells. This source of power consumption is data dependent and can be utilized to extract secrets from cryptographic devices. We propose Balanced Static Power Logic (BSPL), the first leakage-balancing approach that achieves optimal data-independence with respect to drainsource leakage. We re-design fundamental standard cells in such a way that their leakage current is essentially constant, irrespective of inputs and outputs, barring process variations. Even in presence of considerable intra-die variations, modeled by Monte Carlo simulations, BSPL gates still maintain a significantly reduced mutual information between the circuit’s input and conducted leakage current.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
[New type of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from mosquitoes in China].

0507BS3 virus was isolated from a mixed pool of Culex sp. and Anopheles sp. collected in Kashi, Xinjiang, China. 0507BS3 virus could cause cytopathic effects on C6/36 cells but not on Vero and BHK-21 cells. Viral particles had no envelope and appeared round with diameter of about 60 nm (n = 20). Viral capsid was composed of a single layer and a central core. Capsomeres on the surface of capsid were clearly visible. Electrophoresis of viral genome showed a profile of 10 double stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments. Sequencing of the tenth segment revealed the length of 964bp (GenBank ID: FJ150869). A single open reading frame (ORF) was found and encoded a protein of 275 amino acids with a molecular mass of 30.8kDa. The nucleotide sequence had no similarity with any other viral genomic sequences, but the deduced amino acid sequence significantly matched the polyhedrin genes of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) in some sections. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to compare the polyhedrin gene sequences of all CPV types in GenBank. The tree demonstrated that 0507BS3 virus was only distantly related to the other CPV types and belonged to a new CPV type.

Field of study: Biology
Synthesis of mycalazol and mycalazal analogs with potent antiproliferating activities

Four 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole and two 2-disubstituted thiophene analogs of the natural products mycalazol 5 and mycalazal 2 have been prepared using the Stille coupling reaction. All four analogs displayed potent antiproliferating activity against several human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar range.

Field of study: Chemistry