nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Italian Tragedy in the Renaissance. Salvatore Di Maria

Comedy' which justly connects allegorical love poetry to the idea of the resurrection of the body, from sensuality to contemplation. Solomon, the quintessential love poet, is assuredly a central figure in the Commedia. The next two essays deal with Tasso. The first one, "Tasso as Ulysses," by Walter Stephens, details Tasso's Ulysses role both in life and poetry. We are dealing with the Homeric Ulysses here, not the Dantean. This is a fascinating, stimulating, and well-written piece. David Quint's essay "The Debate between Arms and Letters in the Gerusalemme Liberata" originates from an episode in canto 8 of the poem which Tasso deleted. The episode is based on Ovid's debate between Ulysses and Ajax on the inheritance of Achilles' arms (Metamorphoses 13.1-383). In this well-presented, comprehensive and learned article David Quint makes his case that Tasso's Gerusalemme establishes the superiority of letters over arms and that this is, in effect, contrary to the values held at the court of Ferrara. Tasso did firmly believe in this new noble class. The essay by Eileen Reeves, " The Telescope as News," considers as "old news" (267) the newsletter of October 1608 announcing the telescope and probes the fact that its technical capabilities were made known three-anda-half centuries earlier by Bacon and his followers. It also examines the idea of the newsletter, "the story of the invention of the telescope," and "the story itself (267) and documents the importance of the telescope in the Richardot incident of 1608. This is a fascinating, lively, intelligent, and historically informative piece. The same can be said of the essay by Patricia Parker's "Fatti Maschii, Parole Femine: Manly Deeds, Womanly Words," which provides a stimulating, intelligent, and suggestive reading on the history of the Tuscan motto and the misogyny connected to it, spanning from Cicero to Montaigne. This very serious scholarly reflection originates from the discovery that the motto is stamped on every single law item passed by the State of Maryland, having been brought from England by Lord Calvert. The last two essays bring us to the world of postwar Italian cinema and the contemporary Italian novel. Rebecca West's essay "Desire, Displacement,  Rhetorical Ramifications in Giorgio Manganelli's Amore and Tutti gli errori" and Millicent Marcus' "The Italian Body Politic is a Woman: Feminized National Identity in Postwar Italian Film" — with Dante and Machiavelli implanted in the title — represent a fresh, original, and brilliant approach to these subjects by way of the most modern and sharp critical appraisal of these two genres. This attractive volume is highly recommended to the scholar and specialized reader.

Field of study: History
Experimental and theoretical XANES study of the effects of Fe-Mg solid solution in the enstatite-ferrosilite series.

Synthetic orthopyroxenes in the join enstatite - ferrosilite (Mg2Si2O6-Fe2Si2O6) have been studied by XANES with the aim to interpret the variations found in the spectra and evaluate the effects of the Mg-Fe substitution in the orthopyroxene (OPX) structure. The experimental Fe- and Mg-K edge XANES spectra show variations of the peaks intensity as a function of the chemical composition of the samples along the EN-FS join. In the region of the Fe edge, the intensity ratio between peak A and B (IB/IA) varies linearly (R=0.99) with the Mg/Fe substitution. Multiple scattering calculation have been performed both at the Fe and Mg K-edge, to study the geometrical modifications of the M1 and M2 octahedral sites induced by the Mg-Fe substitutions. The spectra, obtained locating Fe (or Mg) in both M1 and M2 and weighing the contributions using the occupancy data for the M1 and M2 sites determined by XRD, allow to discriminate the effects to the total spectrum due to Fe (Mg) located in each sites separately.

Field of study: Physics
Leadership by example: A perspective on the influence of Barry Boehm

Over the course of the past 10 years of working with Dr. Boehm on various projects has both influenced the software engineering program at Mississippi State University as well as provided growth opportunities and expansion of the MSU ABET accredited software engineering undergraduate degree program. Looking back over the key interactions with him, it is apparent that he leads (and influences) by his example, his work ethic, and his intellect in the software engineering field. This paper provides insights into his specific influences though collaborative work with another university.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
[IDH1- and IDH2-mutations in brain glial tumors - the new antioncogenic mechanism].

Mutant forms of the gene IDH1 progress significantly slower, have a lower risk of neoplastic transformation, and generally, mutations of this gene have a pronounced anti-oncogenic effect. At the same time, almost all mutations are quite stereotyped (98,9%) and occur in the same region of the gene - R132H mutations. IDH1 gene mutations is a complex multi-layered process, which is a completely new, not previously described anti-oncogene activation mechanism of intracellular protection. The reason that there is a mutation in the tumor cells is associated with de novo blocking differentiation processes and development of brain cells in the development process, as evidenced by severe cerebral hypoplasia in patients with congenital forms of this mutation. A completely new mechanism of antitumor protection has been described - stereotypical IDH1 gene mutation is a gene, in fact, is a key event, causing a cascade of further anti-oncogenic mechanisms in brain gliomas.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Study of structural changes that occurred during charge/discharge of carbon-coated SiO anode by nuclear magnetic resonance

To improve the cycling performance of the carbon-coated SiO (SiO-C) as a high capacity anode material, the charge–discharge mechanism and the structural changes in the bulk during long-term cycling were investigated by the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The electron conductivity of the SiO-C was improved following the charging state, whereas the electrical resistivity tended to be low. It suggested that from the beginning of the discharge to its half state (at the low potential side), the silicide reaction is predominant, whereas at the terminal phase of the discharge (at the high potential side), the release of Li from the silicate is predominant. Upon designing a negative cutoff potential of 1.1 V, the cell's cycling performance was checked. The results suggested that during repeated charge-discharge cycling, Li release from the silicate decreased and a disproportionation reaction occurred which produced Si and Li4SiO4. It was confirmed that a part of the cycle performance was improved by designing a battery utilizing the low potential side which is supposed to increase the electron conductivity and suppressed the disproportionation.

Field of study: Materials science
Learning and Instruction in Pre‐College Physical Science

Two main instructional practices are found in  One is prevalent, while the other is emerging. We have all experienced the prevalent practice, which results from the so‐called transmission model of instruction. In this model, students are exposed to content through lectures, presentations and readings, and are expected to absorb the transmitted knowledge in ready‐to‐use form. Although it is not a model of learning per se, the transmission model does make a pivotal assumption about learning, namely that the message the student receives is the message the teacher intended. Within this model, students' difficulties in grasping a concept are interpreted as indications that the presentation was not clear or forceful enough to be understood (that is, the signal being transmitted was either weak or garbled). Thus many users of the transmission model believe that if they make the presentation more lucid or persistent—for example, by transmitting at a slower speed or in a louder voice—students wi...

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Thymoquinone on Mouse Dendritic Cells

Thymoquinone, a component of Nigella sativa is known to confer protection against tumour growth due to stimulation of tumour cell apoptosis. Moreover, thymoquinone has remarkable anti-inflammatory potency. Surprisingly, despite its powerful influence on inflammation and its immunomodulatory effects, little is known about its effect on dendritic cells (DCs), key players in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. DC maturation and cytokine release is triggered by bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The present study explored whether thymoquinone modifies LPS-induced DC maturation, survival and cytokine release. To this end, mouse bone marrow derived DCs were treated with LPS and different concentrations of thymoquinone and the surface expression of CD11c, CD86, MHCII, CD54 and CD40 was determined by FACS analysis, the formation of the interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 12 (IL-12p70) as well as TNF-α by ELISA, caspase activation by FITC-labelled antibodies (FACS), cell membrane scrambling by annexin V binding (FACS) and Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Western blotting. LPS increased the percentage of CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+MHCII+, CD11c+CD40+ and CD11c+CD54+ cells and stimulated the release of IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α. These effects were blunted by thymoquinone in a concentration dependent manner (1-20 µM). Moreover, LPS decreased and thymoquinone increased caspase 3 and caspase 8 activation and annexin V binding. Moreover, LPS-induced phosphorylation of prosurvival kinases Akt and ERK1/2 was abrogated by thymoquinone. In conclusion, thymoquinone compromises the maturation, cytokine release and survival of DCs.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Impact of Logistics Outsourcing Strategy in Oil and Gas Industry in Uganda

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of logistics outsourcing strategy in the oil and gas industry in Uganda. The most outstanding benefit is that, companies outsourced their logistics activities to restructure their distribution networks and achieve competitive advantage. For this purpose purposive sampling method is used where qualitative data are collected and interpreted. Primary data are collected using research questionnaires where quantitative method is used in data presentation and analysis of the impact of logistics outsourcing strategy in the oil and gas industry. The research findings reveal that there are many benefits resulting from using logistics outsourcing strategy in the oil and gas industry and in the same way, challenges are faced by both oil and gas companies and logistics service providers in executing business contracts. Solutions are pursued to create an environment for the oil and gas industry and the third party logistics services providers to achieve a common goal. Findings show that it is very important to outsource full or part of logistics activities to logistics service providers in order to attain competitive advantage. Logistics outsourcing strategy plays an important role in the business especially in minimizing operating costs and spreading risk between the parties engaged in business contracts. Therefore it is necessary for company managers to check their strategies to make sure that logistics activities are in place.

Field of study: Business
Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in cornfield and pasture soils receiving swine and dairy manures.

Land application of animal manure could change the profiles of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities in receiving soils. Using high-throughput real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques, this study investigated the ARGs and bacterial communities in field soils under various crop (corn and pasture) and manure (swine and dairy) managements, which were compared with those of two non-manured reference soils from adjacent golf course and grassland. In total 89 unique ARG subtypes were found in the soil samples and they conferred resistance via efflux pump, cellular protection and antibiotic deactivation. Compared to the ARGs in the golf course and grassland soils (28 and 34 subtypes respectively), manured soils generally had greater ARG diversity (36-55 subtypes). Cornfield soil frequently receiving raw swine manure had the greatest ARG abundance. The short-term (one week) application of composted and liquid swine manures increased the diversity and total abundance of ARGs in cornfield soils. Intriguingly the composted swine manure only marginally increased the total abundance of ARGs, but substantially increased the number of ARG subtypes in the cornfield soils. The network analysis revealed three major network modules in the co-occurrence patterns of ARG subtypes, and the hubs of these major modules (intl1-1, vanC, and pncA) may be candidates for selecting indicator genes for surveillance of ARGs in manured soils. The network analyses between ARGs and bacteria taxa revealed the potential host bacteria for the detected ARGs (e.g., aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC4 may be mainly carried by Acidobacteriaceae). Overall, this study highlighted the potentially varying impact of various manure management on antibiotic resistome and microbiome in cornfield and pasture soils.

Field of study: Environmental science
Disability transitions in an area-based system of long-term care for the elderly and disabled.

To describe patterns of individual disability development and mortality in an area-based system for long-term care of the elderly and disabled.



Yearly surveys according to the ASIM system from 1985 to 1991 of all citizens of Solna, Sweden, receiving long-term care services from the municipality and/or the county council.



Linkage of individual assessments concerning disability and level of care from one survey to the next, using national registration numbers.



Registrations according to the ASIM system concerning services actually provided, assessed need of services, social environment and disability were collected by the staff responsible for the services provided.



Mortality was shown to be strongly connected to disability. Disability transitions occurred in both directions for all age groups, but the average rate of disability increase rose with advancing age. Rapid disability development was shown in a multivariate analysis to be connected to institutional care and change in the level of care between surveys.



Data describing disability development can be used for planning purposes, either directly or with the help of a simulation model. More research seems to be needed with regard to the influence of the level of care and of transfers on disability development.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Quantifying the role of geographic change in Cenozoic ocean heat transport using uncoupled atmosphere and ocean models

A series of five Cenozoic atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments has been performed using a new set of paleogeographic reconstructions for 55, 40, 33, 20 and 14 Ma. The five continental reconstructions incorporate the tectonic evolution of early Eocene to middle Miocene continental positions and topography. With all other model boundary conditions and forcings held constant, the series of AGCM experiments captures a

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Molecular Simulation Assisted Design and Preparation of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Characteristics

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared by combining the modified surface imprinted technique with activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization method to adsorb dibenzothiophene (DBT) specifically. Molecular simulation was successfully introduced for the rational design of MMIPs. Various methods were selected to characterize the structure of the prepared polymers. The results indicated that the specific area and pore volume of MMIPs were 104.755 and 0.115 m2 g−1, respectively. The saturation magnetization of MMIPs was 19.45 emu g−1. A series of adsorption performance experiments were conducted to evaluate the properties of MMIPs. The adsorption performances of MMIPs were investigated by batch adsorption experiments in terms of kinetics, isotherms and selective recognition adsorption. The adsorption amounts of MMIPs were about 31.81 mg g−1 at 298 K, 36.27 mg g−1 at 308 K, and 43.13 mg g−1 at 318 K. The heterogeneous MMIPs were more consistent with Elovich model and sips equation respectively. The resulting MMIPs had high recognition ability and fast binding kinetics for DBT. The selective recognition experiment showed that MMIPs had specific adsorption ability to DBT even if the analogues existed.

Field of study: Chemistry
The System of Contributions for Health Insurance Scheme in Albania - Performance and main Challenges

Albanian health care system is undergoing comprehensive changes. The paper focuses on the system of contributions for health insurance scheme. The paper will argue the need for immediate measures regarding this issue. Based on the primary and secondary data, through an economic analysis is studying the trend of contributor’s number for five years. Are identified the economic, social and political factors, that affect this process and whole health insurance scheme (HIS). In Albania, partly scheme function, an informal labor market, lack of incentives for participation in health scheme, weak administration capacity for contributions collecting and poor structure, regulatory and supervisor and all in all its funding challenges, are the main factors that accompanies for years the health care system and as the result the contributions system for health insurance. The main economic factor is a little economic growth and a problem with which Albania has already begun to face nowdays. In this paper research we want to present the new low reforming in health care system in Albania.Like any robust reform process, we face significant challenges across a spectrum of efforts. Designing country strategies was more time and labor intensive than originally anticipated, particularly because a large number of partners were engaged in the process to determine tough trade-offs.. The Albanian Health sector is in the continuing transformation in the function of the realization of the proper standards. To realize the reform in this sector and to help the decision makers in their decision is necessary to have the right information on the source of the financing of health sector, on the destination of the expenditure in this sector and their control. “The establishment of the National Health Service is an integral part of the new Government program and it is also the fairest intervention intended to upgrade the system of service financing at the levels required by providers and recipients of health services.

Field of study: Education, Sociology
A General Effective Action for Quark Matter and its Application to Color Superconductivity

I derive a general effective theory for hot and/or dense quark matter. After introducing general projection operators for hard and soft quark and gluon degrees of freedom, I explicitly compute the functional integral for the hard quark and gluon modes in the QCD partition function. Upon appropriate choices for the projection operators one recovers various well-known effective theories such as the Hard Thermal Loop/ Hard Dense Loop Effective Theories as well as the High Density Effective Theory by Hong and Schaefer. I then apply the effective theory to cold and dense quark matter and show how it can be utilized to simplify the weak-coupling solution of the color-superconducting gap equation. In general, one considers as relevant quark degrees of freedom those within a thin layer of width 2 Lambda_q around the Fermi surface and as relevant gluon degrees of freedom those with 3-momenta less than Lambda_gl. It turns out that it is necessary to choose Lambda_q << Lambda_gl, i.e., scattering of quarks along the Fermi surface is the dominant process. Moreover, this special choice of the two cutoff parameters Lambda_q and Lambda_gl facilitates the power-counting of the numerous contributions in the gap-equation. In addition, it is demonstrated that both the energy and the momentum dependence of the gap function has to be treated self-consistently in order to determine the imaginary part of the gap function. For quarks close to the Fermi surface the imaginary part is calculated explicitly and shown to be of sub-subleading order in the gap equation.

Field of study: Physics
Hyperactive and Learning Disabled Children: Who Gets Help?

Although not all hyperactive children are learning disabled, many are. This investigation sought to establish if those hyperactive children with learning disabilities are more likely to receive educational assistance than control children, and to learn what additional pupil characteristics are associated with receiving special educational services. The results indicated that hyperactive children are more likely to be served by special education than control children. Those hyperactive children served tended to have lower reading scores, have parents who acknowledged their problems, be poorly adapted to classroom learning demands, and have poorer intrapersonal adjustment. They also were characterized by aggressive behavior and lower verbal IQs. Nonhyperactive children served had the same characteristics save aggressive behavior. But they did have significantly higher rated hyperactive behavior during testing. Hyperactive behavior, either attributed to the child or observed, is important in determining who gets help for learning disabilities.

Field of study: Education
Lead Modulates trans- and cis-Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) in Drosophila melanogaster Heads

Lead exposure has long been one of the most important topics in global public health because it is a potent developmental neurotoxin. Here, an eQTL analysis, which is the genome-wide association analysis of genetic variants with gene expression, was performed. In this analysis, the male heads of 79 Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines from Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) were treated with or without developmental exposure, from hatching to adults, to 250 μM lead acetate [Pb(C2H3O2)2]. The goal was to identify genomic intervals that influence the gene-expression response to lead. After detecting 1798 cis-eQTLs and performing an initial trans-eQTL analysis, we focused our analysis on lead-sensitive “trans-eQTL hotspots,” defined as genomic regions that are associated with a cluster of genes in a lead-dependent manner. We noticed that the genes associated with one of the 14 detected trans-eQTL hotspots, Chr 2L: 6,250,000 could be roughly divided into two groups based on their differential expression profile patterns and different categories of function. This trans-eQTL hotspot validates one identified in a previous study using different recombinant inbred lines. The expression of all the associated genes in the trans-eQTL hotspot was visualized with hierarchical clustering analysis. Besides the overall expression profile patterns, the heatmap displayed the segregation of differential parental genetic contributions. This suggested that trans-regulatory regions with different genetic contributions from the parental lines have significantly different expression changes after lead exposure. We believe this study confirms our earlier study, and provides important insights to unravel the genetic variation in lead susceptibility in Drosophila model.

Field of study: Biology