nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Root traits of European Vicia faba cultivars-Using machine learning to explore adaptations to agroclimatic conditions.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important source of protein, but breeding for increased yield stability and stress tolerance is hampered by the scarcity of phenotyping information. Because comparisons of cultivars adapted to different agroclimatic zones improve our understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms, the root architecture and morphology of 16 European faba bean cultivars were studied at maturity. Different machine learning (ML) approaches were tested in their usefulness to analyse trait variations between cultivars. A supervised, that is, hypothesis-driven, ML approach revealed that cultivars from Portugal feature greater and coarser but less frequent lateral roots at the top of the taproot, potentially enhancing water uptake from deeper soil horizons. Unsupervised clustering revealed that trait differences between northern and southern cultivars are not predominant but that two cultivar groups, independently from major and minor types, differ largely in overall root system size. Methodological guidelines on how to use powerful ML methods such as random forest models for enhancing the phenotypical exploration of plants are given.

Field of study: Environmental science
The role of virulence factors inCandida albicanspathogenicity

Candida albicans is a classical example of causative agent for opportunistic fungal infection. Normally, it colonizes skin, gastrointestinal tract, genital, and mucosal membranes, but in certain condition it may responsible for diseases. This phenomenon was mainly associated with immunological status of the host. However, there were findings that showed the possibility of putative virulence factors work on the transition of commensally to pathogenic role of the yeast. In this review, some virulence factors were discussed. Indeed, there were factors that may be considered as putative virulence factors of C. albicans.

Field of study: Medicine
Interprétation géodynamique du domaine pan-africain (Précambrien terminal) de l'Anti-Atlas (Maroc) à partir de données géologiques et géochronologiques

U–Pb and Rb–Sr ages performed in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco), especially in Bou Azzer area, demonstrate a Pan-African orogeny (680–570 Ma), along the northern margin of the West African craton (2000 Ma). Geological and geochronological data allow the reconstitution of a coherent succession of events of Pan-African ages. The geodynamic evolution of this domain comprises a stage of oceanic opening (ophiolites) followed with a stage of closure: obduction of the ophiolites on the craton, then subduction under an active continental margin. This segment of the Pan-African belt can be correlated with the other parts of the belt, located on the eastern margin of the West African craton.

Field of study: Environmental science
Development of an antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on glycine auxotrophy for recombinant protein overproduction in Escherichia coli.

An alternative approach to the use of antibiotic selection markers for maintenance of recombinant plasmid vectors in Escherichia coli based on an aminoacid auxotrophy complementation has been developed. An E. coli M15-derivated glycine-auxotrophic strain of has been constructed by means of a PCR-based approach. This mutant strain contains a deletion in the glyA gene, which encodes for serine hydroxymethyl transferase, an enzyme involved in the main glycine biosynthesis pathway in E. coli. Also, we have constructed the complementation plasmid pQEalphabetarham derived from the commercially available expression vector pQE40 (QIAGEN) containing the glyA homologous gene under the control of the constitutive weak promoter P3. By using the E. coli M15DeltaglyA strain combined with the pQEalphabetarham plasmid, a successful complementation system was achieved, allowing transformants to grow on minimal media without glycine supplementation. The capability of the new system E. coli M15DeltaglyA/pQEalphabetarham for recombinant overproduction of rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase was evaluated in antibiotic free fed-batch cultures at controlled specific growth rate, obtaining high cell density cultures and high RhuA production and productivity levels comparable to those obtained with the conventional system. The new selection marker based on glycine-auxotrophy is a promising genetic tool, not only for recombinant protein production, but also for plasmid DNA production processes, where antibiotics can not be present in the medium formulation.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Renewal and resurgence phenomena generalize to Amazon's Mechanical Turk.

Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing platform that provides researchers with the potential for obtaining behavioral data for very little cost. However, the extent to which the results of common behavioral phenomena found in basic, translational, and applied laboratories may be reproduced (as a first step towards prospective research) via MTurk remains relatively unexplored. We evaluated renewal and resurgence arrangements using MTurk as the subject recruitment platform as a first step to determining the generality of the obtained data. Results suggested that MTurk participants produced renewal and resurgence data similar to those reported in basic, translational, and applied studies.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Hardness Assurance for Proton Direct Ionization-Induced SEEs Using a High-Energy Proton Beam

The low-energy proton energy spectra of all shielded space environments have the same shape. This shape is easily reproduced in the laboratory by degrading a high-energy proton beam, producing a high-fidelity test environment. We use this test environment to dramatically simplify rate prediction for proton direct ionization effects, allowing the work to be done at high-energy proton facilities, on encapsulated parts, without knowledge of the IC design, and with little or no computer simulations required. Proton direct ionization (PDI) is predicted to significantly contribute to the total error rate under the conditions investigated. Scaling effects are discussed using data from 65-nm, 45-nm, and 32-nm SOI SRAMs. These data also show that grazing-angle protons will dominate the PDI-induced error rate due to their higher effective LET, so PDI hardness assurance methods must account for angular effects to be conservative. We show that this angular dependence can be exploited to quickly assess whether an IC is susceptible to PDI.

Field of study: Physics
Puri Agung Klungkung Dalam Perspektif Sosial Tahun 2003-2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1)faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung, 2)Bentuk-bentuk perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung, 3) Dampak dari perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung.Teori yang digunakan : 1)Teori Interaksi Sosial, 2) Teori Perubahan Sosial, 3) Teori Kekuasaan. Metode yang digunakan: 1) Metode Penetuan Informan, 2) Metode Pengumpulan Data melalui metode observasi, wawancara dan pencatatan dokumen, 3) Metode Pengolahan Data menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik induksi, teknik argumentasi, teknik spekulasi, serta menggunakan metode komparatif.Perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura dilatarbelakangi oleh: 1) Globalisasi dan modernisasi mempengaruhi interaksi sosial dan pola pikir masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung, 2)Pendidikan mengubah cara pandang dan pola pikir masyarakat menjadi rasional dan realistis, 3) Interaksi dan komunikasi melemah berdampak terhadap rasa pengabdian kepada Puri Agung Klungkung, 4) Perubahan sistem pemerintahan dari waktu ke waktu. Bentuk perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung: 1) Perubahan dalam wujud tradisi ngayah, 2) Ketergantungan ekonomi masyarakat kepada kalangan Puri dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, 3) Peralihan bentuk pemerintahan pada masa kerajaan, masa pemerintahan kolonial Belanda dan masa reformasi, 4) Pergeseran sistem nilai dan sikap hidup masyarakat. Dampak dari perubahan pola hubungan sosial antara Puri Agung Klungkung dengan masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung: 1) Berkurangnya kekuasaan puri terhadap masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung, yaitu penerapan sistem pemerintahan indirect rule Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda, 2) Ketergantungan masyarakat dari segi ekonomi terhadap Puri Agung Klungkung mulai berkurang, yaitu adanya land reform (1956) sehingga masyarakat dapat menggarap lahan pertanian sendiri, 3) Perubahan stratifikasi sosial masyarakat Smarapura, Klungkung, yaitu perubahan ini meliputi perubahan stratifikasi sosial yang pada awalnya bersifat tertutup berubah menjadi stratifikasi sosial yang bersifat terbuka

Field of study: Sociology
The competitive dynamics between tumor cells, a replication-competent virus and an immune response

Replication-competent viruses have been used as an alternative therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, new clinical data revealed an innate immune response to virus that may mitigate the effects of treatment. Recently, Wein, Wu and Kirn have established a model which describes the interaction between tumor cells, a replication-competent virus and an immune response (Cancer Research 63 (2003):1317–1324). The purpose of this paper is to extend their model from the viewpoints of mathematics and biology and then prove global existence and uniqueness of solution to this new model, to study the dynamics of this novel therapy for cancers, and to explore a explicit threshold of the intensity of the immune response for controlling the tumor. We also study a time-delayed version of the model. We analytically prove that there exists a critical value τ0 of the time-delay τ such that the system has a periodic solution if τ>τ0. Numerical simulations are given to verify the analytical results. Furthermore, we numerically study the spatio-temporal dynamics of the model. The effects of the diffusivity of the immune response on the tumor growth are also discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Molecular dynamics simulation of lithium ion diffusion in LiCoO2 cathode material

In this study, lithium ion (Li + ) diffusion inside lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) as a cathode material is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The effect of some important parameters such as voltage, Li + content, and diffusion axis on Li + diffusion coefficient value is explored and compared with the experimental data. The results show that Li + diffusion coefficient in LiCoO 2 material is in the order of 10 − 12 to 10 − 13 cm 2 /s, which is in agreement with the experimental data. Increased voltage value and decreased Li + content raise the Li + diffusion coefficient. In addition, the comparison of the Li + diffusion coefficient along different axes of the crystal layer reveals that transporting lithium ions in a direction perpendicular to the layers of cathode material is more difficult than transporting them in a direction parallel to the layers. It can decrease the diffusion coefficient of Li + by about 20%, especially at high voltage value and low Li + content. But the diffusion coefficient in both directions has the same order of magnitude, which may explain different values of Li + diffusion coefficient in various experimental methods. Replacing Co 3 + with Fe 3 + for increasing the capacity and stability of cathode material may slightly diminish the values of Li + diffusion coefficient, which is in agreement with the experimental results.

Field of study: Materials science
[Effects of bimolane on cell cycle cytokinesis in human lymphocytes in vitro].

Bimolane, 1,2-bis(4-morpholinomethyl-3,5-dioxopiperazinyl) ethane, is a new antineoplastic agent synthesized first in China. The effects of bimolane on the rate of S phase cells, mitotic index, and cytokinesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro were studied by autoradiography with [3H]TdR and counting the number of mono- and multi-nucleated lymphocytes. Results showed that bimolane (5, 10, 20 micrograms.ml-1) inhibited the progression of cell cycle, so that the rate of S and M phases decreased. Bimolane inhibited cytokinesis, which formed bi- and multi-nucleated cells. The effects were concentration-dependent. Bimolane induced micronuclei in mono- and bi-nucleated lymphocytes. Our results indicate that bimolane is a cytotoxic and genotoxic agent.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Geographical Mobility and Machiavellianism

To test the hypothesis that frequency of geographical mobility would be related positively to Machiavellianism the Nachamie Kiddie Mach Scale was administered to a group of 101 high-school students. Total moves made by the respondents' families correlated –.11 with scores on the Mach scale, which did not support the hypothesis. A subsequent analysis of mobility during the first grade did show that respondents who moved were about seven points higher on the Mach scale than respondents who did not move.

Field of study: Psychology
Sulfinyl and sulfonyl derivatives of aryl substituted cis-1-thiadecalins

Individual 2α-aryl- and 2α,4α-diaryl-cis-thiadecalin-1Β-oxides and 1,1-dioxides have been synthesized. The effect of sulfinyl and sulfonyl groups has been observed on the chemical shifts of carbon atoms in these conformationally homogeneous, stereochemically similar systems.

Field of study: Chemistry
The Design and Realization of On-line Formation System of Operation-Order-Sheet

The design and realization of on-line formation system of Operation-Order-Sheet was introduced in this paper. The system accesses to SCAD A (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system via internetwork and gets the state and operating information of the onsite equipment of substations,and checks the data to ensure the consistency of the information.This paper presents emphatically the scheme of accessing to SCADA, as well as the way of data replication and data checking.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
A trophic model of the Pearl River Delta coastal ecosystem

A 26-compartment steady-state trophic model (1997–1999) was constructed using the Ecopath with Ecosim software to study the general status and development trends of the Pearl River Delta coastal ecosystem. The results show that the values of effective trophic level ranged from 1.00 to 4.21. It was found that a high trophic niche overlap existed in the typical estuarine ecosystem. Mixed trophic impacts show that detritus and the groups at the low trophic levels had positive influences on most groups. The ecosystem was found to be in an immature state during 1997–1999 based on the system statistics.

Field of study: Environmental science
A singular example for the Willmore flow

In this article it will be proven that there are surfaces that become singular under the Willmore flow. For this purpose, we investigate the Willmore flow of radially symmetric immersions of the sphere using a blow-up construction due to E. Kuwert and R. Schätzle. It will be shown that in this situation the blow-up limit is a surface of revolution as well and is either a round sphere or consists of planes and catenoids. Furthermore, we give an estimate for the number of these planes and catenoids in terms of the Willmore energy of the initial surface. This will enable us to show that there are immersions of the sphere with a Willmore energy arbitrarily close to 8π that do not converge to a Willmore immersion under the Willmore flow. Either a small quantum of the curvature concentrates or the diameter of the surface does not stay bounded under the Willmore flow.

Field of study: Philosophy
Vibrational Imaging of a Single Pollen Grain by Ultrabroadband Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy

Ultrabroadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy using supercontinuum has been applied to investigate a single pollen grain at a molecular level. The CARS images due to...

Field of study: Chemistry
On the fundamental solutions for micropolar fluid-fluid mixtures under steady state vibrations

This paper deals with the theory of mixtures which have as constituents two micropolar incompressible fluids. First, using a specific algorithm, a Galerkin type representation of solution is given for the linearized two-dimensional dynamical problem. Then, the steady-state vibration problem is considered and uniqueness theorems are established for both bounded and unbounded domains. Finally, the Galerkin type representation is used to construct the fundamental solution for two-dimensional steady-state vibration problem.

Field of study: Mathematics
Messung der mittleren Lebensdauern des 748 keV- und des 776 keV-Niveaus in51Cr

Using theγ-radiation of 748 and 28 keV the half-lives of the first two excited states in51Cr at 748 and 776 keV have been measured by a pulsed beam technique. The interesting states were populated by the reaction51V(p, nγ)51Cr at 4 MeV proton energy. The half-lives were found to beT1/2(51Cr, 748 keV)=(7.35±0.03) ns andT1/2(51Cr, 776 keV)=(5.53±0.07) ns. The influence of the 28 keV transition between the two levels upon the lifetime of the 748 keV state has been investigated. The 776 keV-state populates the 748 keV state only by 8.4%. The lifetime of the 776 keV state, therefore, cannot account for the anomalous long lifetime of the level at 748 keV as has been proposed by Bartholomew et al.

Field of study: Physics
The Primary Mental Health Project: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

The article presents a panoramic view of the evolution and growth of the Primary Mental Health Project (PMHP), an innovative school-based program for early detection and prevention of school-maladjustment problems. It consists of 3 major sections: (a) a historical account of PMHP, identifying the problems it seeks to address, its rationale, its beginnings, and its growth over the years; (b) a description of how the current PMHP program works and of the program modifications that have been developed to meet practical problems; and (c) a consideration of PMHP's accomplishments and contributions, as well as implications for future steps to promote the well-being and adjustment of young (school) children.

Field of study: Education
LTS SQUID microscope with micron spatial resolution

We describe a multichannel LTS SQUID microscope with micron spatial resolution. The system achieves micron resolution by the use of small (14 /spl mu/m) detection coils and narrow gap between the coils and the object(s) being scanned. Samples are mounted inside an exchange-gas can at the lower end of a cryogenic probe. This houses all of the cryogenic portions of the microscope and is filled with helium exchange gas. A 5 mm/spl times/5 mm scanning stage is used to scan the sample, which is at cryogenic temperatures. Stepping motors on the scanning stage allow step sizes as small as 0.16 /spl mu/m. The SQUIDs are mounted on a cantilever structure with nine separate detection coils on the end of the structure. Flux noise of the SQUIDs is better than 5 /spl mu//spl Phi//sub o///spl radic/Hz. Sensitivity is better than 100 pT//spl radic/Hz with a bandwidth of dc-10 kHz. Open architecture software provides control of all critical system components, along with data acquisition and analysis. We have demonstrated spatial resolutions better than 2 /spl mu/m. We discuss the impact of the external field coils for susceptibility measurements.

Field of study: Physics
Selecting priority areas for systematic conservation of Chinese Rhododendron: hotspot versus complementarity approaches

The use of quantitative measures to select priority areas for conservation has been in practice since the early 1980s. However, the relative efficiency of different methods for identifying priority areas is still the subject of debate. Here, using the distribution data of 556 Rhododendron species in China with high spatial resolution, we evaluated the performance of the two commonly used methods, i.e. hotspot and complementarity and selected the efficient method to select priority areas for the conservation of Rhododendron in China. By overlaying the priority areas map with the locations of protected areas, we also identified the regions not covered by current protected areas (i.e. conservation gaps). We found that the complementarity method selected less number of grid cells to capture an equivalent number of species and hence had higher efficiency and representativeness than the commonly used hotspot method. Moreover, the complementarity method was better at capturing the range-restricted species than the hotspot method. Based on the complementarity method, we identified 61 grid cells of 50 × 50 km as priority areas for Rhododendron conservation in China. Among these priority areas, only about 50% grid cells were located in the hotspot areas (e.g. Hengduan Mountains), and 14% grid cells were outside the current protected area network. Our findings suggest that, despite its popularity and ease of implementation, the sites selected by hotspot algorithm may not necessarily be the best sites to allocate conservation efforts. Since the identification of priority areas in China has largely been based on the hotspot method, the current study has revived the need to reassess the priority areas for other taxonomic groups too. More importantly, our findings have emphasized the need to expand the conservation priorities from Hengduan Mountains to south and southeast China as well.

Field of study: Environmental science
Misaligned laser resonator with inhomogeneous optical components

A method is developed for the calculation of the parameters of Hermitian–Gaussian beams which describe well the eigenmodes of resonators with inhomogeneous optical components and misaligned mirrors. The conditions for continuous operation of misaligned resonators are found. It is shown that mirror misalignment makes a major contribution to the energy and interference criteria of continuous lasing.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Microplastics play a minor role in tetracycline sorption in the presence of dissolved organic matter.

Microplastics have a great potential to sorb organic pollutants from the adjacent environment. In this study, the sorption of tetracycline, a polar and ionizable antibiotic, on three types of microplastics (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS)) were investigated in batch sorption experiments. The sorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model, indicating that not only hydrophobic interactions but also other interactions (e.g. electrostatic interactions) played important roles in the sorption process. PS had the maximum sorption capacity, following the order PS > PP > PE, which can be attributed to polar interactions and π-π interactions. The sorption of tetracycline on microplastics was significantly influenced by pH, with sorption capacity increasing gradually, peaking at pH 6.0 and then decreasing, likely due to the influence of tetracycline speciation with the change of pH. Fulvic acid was selected as representative dissolved organic matter (DOM) to examine the effect on sorption. The increasing concentration of fulvic acid inhibited the sorption of tetracycline on three microplastics, decreasing them by more than 90% at the fulvic acid concentration of 20 mg/L, which implied a greater affinity of tetracycline to fulvic acid than to microplastics. Increasing salinity from 0.05 to 3.5% had negligible effects on the sorption of tetracycline on the three microplastics. Our results highlight the importance of pH and DOM on the sorption of tetracycline on microplastics, and suggest the relatively minor role of microplastics in the fate and transport of tetracycline in the aquatic environment in the presence of DOM.

Field of study: Environmental science