nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The evaporation residue in the fission state of barium nuclei within relativistic mean-field theory

The evaporation residue of barium isotopes is investigated in a microscopic study using relativistic mean field theory. The investigation includes the isotopes of barium from the valley of stability to the exotic proton-rich region. The ground as well as neck configurations for these nuclei are generated from their total nucleonic density distributions of the corresponding state. We have estimated the constituents (number of nucleons) in the elongated neck region of the fission state. We found the α-particle as the constituent of the neck of Ba-isotopes, referred to as the evaporated residue in heavy-ion reaction studies. A strong correlation between the neutron and proton is observed throughout the isotopic chain.

Field of study: Physics
How a Tolerant Past Affects the Present

Three studies, conducted in the Netherlands, examined the relationship between a tolerant representation of national history and the acceptance of Muslim expressive rights. Following self-categorization theory, it was hypothesized that historical tolerance would be associated with greater acceptance of Muslim expressive rights, especially for natives who strongly identify with their national in-group. Furthermore, it was predicted that the positive effect of representations of historical tolerance on higher identifiers’ acceptance could be explained by reduced perceptions of identity incompatibility. The results of Study 1 confirmed the first hypothesis, and the results of Study 2 and Study 3 supported the second hypothesis. These findings underline the importance of historical representations of the nation for understanding current reactions toward immigrants. Importantly, the results show that a tolerant representation of national history can elevate acceptance of immigrants, especially among natives who feel a relatively strong sense of belonging to their nation.

Field of study: Psychology
Threats to China’s biological resources posed by expanding international trade

China is one of the richest countries in the world for the diversity of its biological resources. However, China has suffered serious losses of biological resources in recent years, due to the burgeoning growth of economic globalization, international trade, and technology exchange. This comment analyzes data from ports of Entry–Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in all China (except Tibet) from 2008 to 2011. This enables an estimate of the extent of the export trade of biological resources to be made, and suggests additional measures should be taken to extend the protection afforded to China’s biological resources.

Field of study: Environmental science
Physico-Chemical Properties, Sensory Characteristics and Glycemic Index of Tidal Peat-Swamp Rice Grown in South Kalimantan

Panjang" rice is an ethnic rice strain found in a tidal peat swamp Aluh-Aluh, South Kalimantan. A series of analyses on its sensory and physico-chemical properties included proximates, mineral content, amylose content, starch gelatinization, grain size and color were carried out to compare its quality to that of the commercial wet-land rice. Its glycemic index was also measured to explore its low glycemic potency. "Panjang" rice was classified as a medium sized grain (5.50 mm length) with high amylose content of 31.1% (db), gelatinized at 77.3 o C with gelatinization peak at 97.5 o C and maximum viscosity at 637.5 BU. There were significant differences between "Panjang" rice and IR 42 in ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral (Na, S and P) contents, amylose content as well as grain brightness. No significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in sensory properties between "Panjang" and""IR 42" cooked rice, except that no bitter taste was sensed in "Panjang" rice . Based on its glycemic index, which"was as low as 46.8, "panjang" rice can be classified as low glycemic index rice.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Analysis of Organophosphate Esters in Sediment Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An efficient extraction and purification method coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with electron impact (EI) was developed to determine eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) in sediment samples. OPEs were extracted from the sediments through vortex oscillation for 1 min and ultrasonic extraction using 20 mL of n-hexane and acetone mixture (1:1, V/V) for 10 min, followed by purification by Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) column and quantitative determination by GC-MS/MS. The result showed that this pretreatment method was simple and less solvent consumption. At three spiked levels of 10, 20 and 50 μg L−1, the recovery of OPEs (except TEP) was between 80% and 120%, and the limits of detection for OPEs were 0.31 to 64.51 ng L−1, showing a good precision and accuracy in the determination of OPEs in sediment.

Field of study: Chemistry
Diagnostic value of serum procollagen peptide measurements in alcoholic liver disease.

Procollagen type I carboxyterminal and type III aminoterminal peptide concentrations were measured in sera of 60 patients with alcoholic and 14 with nonalcoholic liver disease to study whether these assays are useful as clinical tests to differentiate various stages of alcoholic liver injury. Both propeptides were markedly elevated in alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis: procollagen type III peptide in 90% and type I peptide in 60-80% of these patients. Moderately increased values were found less frequently in patients with fatty liver. These tests did not differentiate patients with simple fatty liver from those with fatty liver and early fibrosis. There was a significant difference in serum procollagen type III peptide between fatty liver and both alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis (p less than 0.001), and in type I peptide between fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis (p less than 0.005). Although serum peptide values correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, appreciable overlap of values was found between the various groups. The peptide concentrations also seemed to be related to the degree of hepatic inflammation, and the highest values were observed in a subgroup of patients with alcoholic hepatitis in whom numerous Mallory bodies were found. The data suggest that in alcoholic liver diseases, serum collagen propeptide determination may be useful in diagnosing severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Field of study: Medicine
Occult cardiac arrhythmias as risk factors for falls in the elderly.

Unexplained falls and syncope in the elderly are common and potentially dangerous. Attention is frequently focused solely on the result of the fall, without a search for its cause, which may be multifactorial. Sometimes specific risk factors, including occult cardiac arrhythmias, can be determined. A study of 59 residents in a Toronto geriatric centre who had experienced syncope or falls revealed arrhythmias in 27%, all of whom responded to treatment.

Field of study: Medicine
A Case Study of Extreme Turbulence Possibilities Based on Considerations of Buoyancy and Horizontal Divergence

A study into the possibility of extreme turbulence occurring in a particular synoptic situation is discussed here. The synoptic weather data are reviewed, and the magnitude of turbulence that might be expected is computed by two different methods. The limitations of each method are discussed. While it might be concluded that thunderstorm updraft velocities were of the order of those producing extreme turbulence, the assumptions are so restrictive that it is not possible to assign confidence limits to the computed gust velocities.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Radiation-Hardened Dual-Direction SCR Based on LDMOS for ESD Protection in the Extreme Radiation Environment

To mitigate the total ionizing dose (TID) effects of the dual-direction silicon-controlled rectifier, based on laterally diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (LDMOS-DDSCR), a common-centroid layout arrangement with multiple octagonal units is proposed and fabricated in an 18-V Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. The symmetrical characteristics of the bidirectional electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection are verified by transmission line pulse tests. Gamma-ray irradiation experiments demonstrate that the proposed device is tolerant of TID effects up to 100 krad(Si), whereas the traditional finger-type LDMOS-DDSCR loses its function at 50 krad(Si). Finally, the ESD performance is also characterized at high temperatures which confirms that the proposed device is an excellent candidate for space applications.

Field of study: Physics
A bilayer insertion of poly(oxymethylene-oxyethylene) into vanadium pentoxide xerogel: Preparation, characterization and insertion mechanism

We report a method for inserting poly(oxymethylene-oxyethylene) (POMOE) and LiCF 3 SO 3 -POMOE (Li-POMOE) complex into V 2 O 5 nH 2 O xerogel at room temperature leading to a bilayer arrangement of the POMOE-chains within the gallery spaces. This could be a significant step towards developing improved electrolyte/cathode materials for lithium/Li-ion batteries. A series of intercalates were prepared to study the effect of changing the polymer concentration on the interlayer expansion of the layered host, and to determine the optimal insertion ratio. An insertion reaction mechanism is proposed. A hydrogen-bonding network between the polymer and the V 2 O 5 framework contributes significantly to the formation of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed reversible color change from red to green when subjected to electrical stimuli, thus making them good candidates for electrochromic devices. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy.

Field of study: Materials science
Language and content in bilingual education

This article suggests that there is a tendency to argue for or against bilingual education in terms of productivity (student attainment expressed as test scores), and that productivity is discussed in terms of division of time, curriculum and speakers. Although this orientation has produced some valuable macro-level accounts, it does not address the need for close-up interaction data showing how language(s) are used by teachers and students in classroom activities. It is argued that such data is vital for understanding language and curriculum content learning in specific local contexts, which in turn can be fed into wider discussions on pedagogy and policy in bilingual education.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Predictors of pharmacotherapy response in anxiety disorders

Although treatment with different compounds such as tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, high-potency benzodiazepines, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors has been proven effective in anxiety disorders, 20% to 40% of patients are nonresponders. Given the limited efficacy, the delayed onset of response (it takes several weeks before a clinical effect can be seen for most of these drugs), and the occurrence of side effects associated with pharmacotherapy, predicting response in anxiety disorders would be immensely valuable. This review surveys the literature over the past years on predictors of response to pharmacotherapy in obsessivecompulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Prediction of treatment response may be founded on demographic and clinical variables, neurochemical and electrophysiologic parameters, imaging studies, and genetic markers.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A subspace-based approach to blind channel identification in pulse shaping OFDM/OQAM systems

We introduce a subspace-based algorithm for the blind identification of time-dispersive channels in pulse shaping OFDM systems based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM/OQAM). Our approach exploits cyclostationarity induced by the use of overlapping pulse shaping filters and uses second-order statistics only. The proposed method is similar in spirit to modulation-induced cyclostationarity. Our algorithm assumes symbol-rate sampling in the receiver and does not require knowledge of the channel order. We provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the new method.

Field of study: Engineering
Organophosphorus esters in the oceans and possible relation with ocean gyres.

Four organophosphorus esters (OPEs) were detected in aerosol samples collected in the West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean from 2009 to 2010, suggesting their circumpolar and global distribution. In general, the highest concentrations were detected near populated regions in China, Australia and New Zealand. OPE concentrations in the Southern Ocean were about two orders of magnitude lower than those near major continents. Additionally, relatively high OPE concentrations were detected at the Antarctic Peninsula, where several scientific survey stations are located. The four OPEs investigated here are significantly correlated with each other, suggesting they may derive from the same source. In the circumpolar transect, OPE concentrations were associated with ocean gyres in the open ocean. Their concentrations were positively related with average vorticity in the sampling area suggesting that a major source of OPEs may be found in ocean gyres where plastic debris is known to accumulate.

Field of study: Environmental science
Filed Evaluation of Some Systemic and Non-Syste-Mic Fungicides Against Grape Downy Mildew

Three systemic and three non-systemic fungicides were tested for two s:asons (1984 and 1985) at the Grape Research Station, Hyderabad against grape downy mildew. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of systemic fungicides oxadixyl 64wp (0.15% and 0.2%), oxadixyl 5Owp (0.15% and 0.2%) and metalaxyl ziram 280 FW (0.4%) was very high, followed by another systemic fungicide phosetyl 80wp (0.2%) and non-systemic fungicide captafol (0.15%).

Field of study: Biology
A simulated annealing applied for optimizing a voice-multihop radio network

In this paper, we use a variant of the simulated annealing algorithm for solving the optimization of admission control in a voice-multihop radio network problem. The performance measure we consider is the call blocking probabilities. This variant of the simulated annealing uses constant temperature. The standard clock simulation technique is used to get estimates of performance measures of several policies simultaneously. This results in decreasing the required simulation time. The simulation results indicate that this algorithm can locate an optimal or a near optimal solution quickly.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of Boost Simulated Session on CPR Competency among Nursing Students: A Pilot Study

Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation effort can lead to saving lives. This skill is especially important to nursing practice. The aim of this quasi-experimental, control group, pilot study was to measure the effect of boost training session supported by simulation on the retention of CPR knowledge and skills in 40 nursing students. Participants attended a pretest, 3-hour workshop CPR then completed posttest I. The experimental group attended simulation-supported boost training at week six. Findings indicated that the experimental group achieved significant improvement in CPR procedure compared with the control group in posttest II. Boost training sessions using simulation facilitate learning CPR knowledge and skills. This teaching strategy may apply on other competencies requiring both psychomotor and cognitive engagement.  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, boost session, simulation, nursing students.

Field of study: Education
Ultralow-Dissipative Conductivity by Dirac Fermions in BaFe2As2

We report on the anomalous behavior of the complex conductivity of BaFe2As2, which is considered to be related to the Dirac cone, in the terahertz (THz)-frequency region. Above the spin-density-wave (SDW) transition temperature, the conductivity spectra follow the Drude formula. In the SDW state, the imaginary part of the conductivity, σ2, is suppressed in comparison with that expected according to the Drude model, whereas the real part, σ1, exhibits nearly Drude-like behavior. This behavior (i.e., almost no changes in σ1 and the depression of σ2) can be regarded as reflecting the addition of extra conductivity without any dissipations in the Drude-type conductivity. We argue that the origin of this ultralow-dissipative conductivity is found to be the contribution from quasiparticles within the Dirac cone.

Field of study: Physics
Agroforestry systems conserve species-rich but modified assemblages of tropical birds and bats

Although an increasing number of studies have shown that diverse, multi-strata agroforestry systems can contribute to the conservation of tropical biodiversity, there is still debate about how the biodiversity within agroforestry systems compares to that of intact forest and alternative land uses. In order to assess the relative importance of agroforestry systems for biodiversity conservation, we characterized bat and bird assemblages occurring in forests, two types of agroforestry systems (cacao and banana) and plantain monocultures in the indigenous reserves of Talamanca, Costa Rica. A total of 2,678 bats of 45 species were captured, and 3,056 birds of 224 species were observed. Agroforestry systems maintained bat assemblages that were as (or more) species-rich, abundant and diverse as forests, had the same basic suite of dominant species, but contained more nectarivorous bats than forests. Agroforestry systems also contained bird assemblages that were as abundant, species-rich and diverse as forests; however the species composition of these assemblages was highly modified, with fewer forest dependent species, more open area species and different dominant species. The plantain monocultures had highly modified and depauperate assemblages of both birds and bats. Across land uses, bird diversity and species richness were more closely correlated with the structural and floristic characteristics than were bats, suggesting potential taxon-specific responses to different land uses. Our results indicate that diverse cacao and banana agroforestry systems contribute to conservation efforts by serving as habitats to high numbers of bird and bat species, including some, but not all, forest-dependent species and species of known conservation concern. However, because the animal assemblages in agroforestry systems differ from those in forests, the maintenance of forests within the agricultural landscape is critical for conserving intact assemblages at the landscape level.

Field of study: Environmental science
Cluster analysis and topoclimate modeling to examine bristlecone pine tree-ring growth signals in the Great Basin, USA

Tree rings have long been used to make inferences about the environmental factors that influence tree growth. Great Basin bristlecone pine is a long-lived species and valuable dendroclimatic resource, but often with mixed growth signals; in many cases, not all trees at one location are limited by the same environmental variable. Past work has identified an elevational threshold below the upper treeline above which trees are limited by temperature, and below which trees tend to be moisture limited. This study identifies a similar threshold in terms of temperature instead of elevation through fine-scale topoclimatic modeling, which uses a suite of topographic and temperature-sensor data to predict temperatures across landscapes. We sampled trees near the upper limit of growth at four high-elevation locations in the Great Basin region, USA, and used cluster analysis to find dual-signal patterns in radial growth. We observed dual-signal patterns in ring widths at two of those sites, with the signals mimicking temperature and precipitation patterns. Trees in temperature-sensitive clusters grew in colder areas, while moisture-sensitive cluster trees grew in warmer areas. We found thresholds between temperature- and moisture-sensitivity ranging from 7.4°C to 8°C growing season mean temperature. Our findings allow for a better physiological understanding of bristlecone pine growth, and seek to improve the accuracy of climate reconstructions.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effect Of Growth Temperature On The Optical Properties Of Pulsed-Laser Deposited MoO3 Thin Films

In the present work, the effect of growth temperature on the optical properties of MoO3 thin films was investigated. MoO3 thin films were produced by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) over a wide range of growth temperature, 303-773 K, and studied their structural and optical characteristics. It was found that the growth temperature strongly influences the surface morphology, local atomic structure, and optical properties of PLD MoO3 thin films. The compositional stability was found to be well maintained up to a temperature on the order of 673 K, at which point the formation of compositional defects introduces structural disorder and changes in the optical characteristics. The decrease in the optical band gap associated with changes in external morphology of MoO3 thin films grown at higher temperatures are attributed mainly to the structural transformations and formation of oxygen vacancies.

Field of study: Materials science
The Library of Henry James, and: The Book World of Henry James: Appropriating the Classics, and: Henry James: The Indirect Vision, and: The Language of a Master: Theories of Style and the Late Writing of Henry James (review)

106 pp. $29.95. Adeline R. Tintner. The Book World of Henry James: Appropriating the Classics.  The Indirect Vision. 2nd ed.  The Language of a Master: Theories of Style and the Late Writing of Henry James.  Southern Illinois UP, 1988. 180 pp. $17.95.

Field of study: Art
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Modeling of Homogeneous Condensation in Supersonic Plumes

A particle simulation method to model water condensation process in a supersonic rocket plume is proposed and developed. Classic nucleation theory is used to predict nucleation, condensation, and the evaporation rates for water clusters. Microscopic kinetic models are developed to simulate collision processes between water clusters and monomers, between water clusters and foreign molecules, and evaporation of monomers from water clusters. These models are integrated into the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to simulate an axisymmetric multispecies gas expansion coupled with condensation. The developed computational scheme, first verified by empirical scaling laws of condensation in supersonic microjets, is then applied to predict the spatial distributions of water cluster number density, size, and temperature in a rocket exhaust plume. An empirical equation is used to correct classical nucleation rate, condensation results are compared between the original and corrected nucleation rate, and the impact of the nucleation rate on a flow with condensation is discussed in detail.

Field of study: Physics
Non-stoichometry and the magnetic structure of Sr2CrO3FeAs

The iron arsenide Sr2CrO3FeAs with the tetragonal Sr2GaO3CuS-type structure was synthesized and its crystal structure re-determined by neutron powder diffraction. In contrast to previous X-ray crystallographic studies, a mixed occupancy of chromium and iron was found within the FeAs4/4 layer (93±1%Fe:7±1%Cr). We suggest that the partial Cr-doping at the Fe site is the reason for the absence of a spin-density-wave anomaly and superconductivity in this compound. Additional experiments via neutron polarization analysis revealed short-range spin correlations below ~100 K and long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below TN=36 K with a magnetic propagation vector of ). The Cr3+-ions form a collinear magnetic structure of the C-type in the magnetic space group CPmma' (a'=a-b, b'=a+b, c'=c), where Cr3+-ions occupy the 4g () Wyckoff position. The magnetic moments are aligned along the orthorhombic a'-axis. At 3.5 K, an ordered magnetic moment of 2.75±0.05 μB for the Cr3+-sublattice was refined.

Field of study: Physics