nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Post-graduated education and medical pedagogics: a new approach based on the competence-oriented educational program for neurologists in the field of children epileptology].

The highly qualified performance of jobs according to professional standards due to the reformed system of additional professional education is one of the objectives of practical health care. The development of the educational program 'Children epileptology. Clinical, diagnostic and treatment issues' for increasing the qualification of neurologists was based on the competent approach that orients the content and process of education on the formation of competence in work performance. Work performance, in its turn, allowed the determination of professional tasks by neurologists. Module principles used in the development of the Program provided its structuration in accordance to step by step formation of physician competencies aimed to solve professional tasks. In its turn, professional tasks determined a choice of didactic conditions of each educational module (form, methods and means of education) that leads to the achievement of planned results.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Exergy analysis and performance of a counter flow Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube having various nozzle numbers at different inlet pressures of oxygen and air

An experimental investigation is made to determine the effects of the orifice nozzle number and the inlet pressure on the heating and cooling performance of the counter flow Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube when air and oxygen used as a fluid. The orifices used at these experiments are made of the polyamide plastic material. The thermal conductivity of polyamide plastic material is 0.25 W/m °C. Five orifices with nozzle numbers of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been manufactured and used during the experiments. For each one of the orifices (nozzle numbers) when used with two different fluids, inlet pressures were adjusted from 150 kPa to 700 kPa with 50 kPa increments, and the exergy efficiency was determined. During the experiments, a vortex tube is used with an L/D ratio of 15, and cold mass fraction is held constant at 0.5. As a result of the experimental study, it is determined that the temperature gradient between the hot and cold fluid is decreased with increasing of the orifice nozzle number.

Field of study: Engineering
Election Verifiability Revisited: Automated Security Proofs and Attacks on Helios and Belenios

Election verifiability aims to ensure that the outcome produced by electronic voting systems correctly reflects the intentions of eligible voters, even in the presence of an adversary that may corrupt various parts of the voting infrastructure. Protecting such systems from manipulation is challenging because of their distributed nature involving voters, election authorities, voting servers and voting platforms. An adversary corrupting any of these can make changes that, individually, would go unnoticed, yet in the end will affect the outcome of the election. It is, therefore, important to rigorously evaluate whether the measures prescribed by election verifiability achieve their goals. We propose a formal framework that allows such an evaluation in a systematic and automated way. We demonstrate its application to the verification of various scenarios in Helios and Belenios, two prominent internet voting systems, for which we capture features and corruption models previously outside the scope of formal verification. Relying on the Tamarin protocol prover for automation, we derive new security proofs and attacks on deployed versions of these protocols, illustrating trade-offs between usability and security.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Multi-omics Reveal that c-Src Modulates the Mitochondrial Phosphotyrosine Proteome and Metabolism According to Nutrient Availability.

Src kinase family members, including c-Src, are involved in numerous signaling pathways and have been observed inside different cellular compartments. Notably, c-Src modulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism and is involved in the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells. This kinase is found within mitochondria where it targets different proteins to impact on the organelle functions and overall metabolism. Surprisingly, no global metabolic characterization of Src has been performed although c-Src knock-out mice have been available for 30 years. Considering that c-Src is sensitive to various metabolites, c-Src might represent a crucial player in metabolic adjustments induced by nutrient stress. The aim of this work was to characterize the impact of c-Src on mitochondrial activity and overall metabolism using multi-omic characterization.



Src+/+ and Src-/- mice were fed ad libitum or fasted during 24h and were then analyzed using multi-omics.



We observed that deletion of c-Src is linked to lower phosphorylation of Y412-NDUFA8, inhibition of oxygen consumption and accumulation of metabolites involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism in mice fed ad libitum. Finally, metabolomics and (phosphotyrosine) proteomics are differently impacted by Src according to nutrient availability.



The findings presented here highlight that c-Src reduces mitochondrial metabolism and impacts the metabolic adjustment induced by nutrient stress.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
More on maximal and minimal ranks of Schur complements with applications

The maximal and minimal ranks of the Schur complement D-CGB are determined with respect to generalized inverse G of a matrix A, where G is taken respectively as least squares g-inverse A^(^1^,^3^), minimum norm g-inverse A^(^1^,^4^), as well as A^(^1^,^2^,^3^), A^(^1^,^2^,^4^) and A^(^1^,^3^,^4^). Various consequences are also presented.

Field of study: Mathematics
Organised leisure as promoting nostalgia: Israeli senior citizens singing in Yiddish

This article claims that leisure activities are major vehicles for promoting nostalgia, expressing and propagating cultures whose practitioners are gradually decreasing in numbers. It underlies the meanings, which middle‐class senior citizens in Israel assign to sing‐along nights in Yiddish. These evenings indicate the extent to which structured leisure activities have turned into social worlds, which allow longing for those old experiences replaced by new ones. Through singing, senior citizens intertwine personal and collective narratives and disseminate their vision of Yiddish culture both inside and outside of their community. Singing in Yiddish is one among various leisure activities, which enhances the call to all factions of society to refresh their cultures and speak out their unique voices. The propagation of Yiddish through organised leisure makes it possible to create and aggregate stocks of popular knowledge easily spread to consumers, experiencing nostalgia and simultaneously longing and expressing the right for cultural recognition.

Field of study: Sociology
Development of an environmental performance indicator framework to evaluate management effectiveness for Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Wetland Special Marine Protected Area, Qingdao, China

The management effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has gained more and more attentions with an increasing research interest worldwide. An Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) framework is considered to be a good means for MPAs' management planning and assessment. As a peculiar type of MPAs with Chinese characteristics, Special Marine Protected Area (SMPA) is still at an imperfect stage in terms of its operation and management in China. There is a scarcity of research evidence of SMPAs' management and its effectiveness evaluation as well. Focusing on this relatively new research field, this paper aims to establish a conceptual model and an operable EPI framework for examining SMPA's day-to-day management and evaluating its management effects, using Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Wetland SMPA (JZBCWSMPA), the first SMPA of Qingdao, as a case study. The evaluation model and indicator framework are developed via a comprehensive approach taking basic management ideas, international well-known model, widely used indicator frameworks and specific features of the study area into consideration. An expert ranking procedure is also conducted to aggregate the initial indicators. The innovative features of this framework are described, such as it is not only a systematic framework incorporating various kinds of indicators but also specifically practicable for the study area. It is expected that the research outcomes will provide technical supports for JZBCWSMPA's management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) and scientific references for decision-making and guiding for Qingdao's social-economic sustainable development.

Field of study: Environmental science
Comparative techniques for detecting mastitis disease in bovine milk samples

Objective- The objective of our study is to analyze various techniques that are applied for detecting mastitis disease in milk samples.  In this study, we collect milk samples (n=100) from different dairy farms and diagnosed through various tests. In addition, flow cytometric analysis was also performed for milk samples in order to analyzed lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes count. Results- The results of these studies showed that California mastitis Test (CMT) showed much more positive results against mastitis disease as compared to other techniques whereas flow cytometric results revealed that during mastitis disease, there is enhancement in granulocytes count. Conclusion- Out of these techniques, CMT is the most reliable and cost effective method for detecting mastitis disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Effects of TGF-β1 on interleukin profile of human dental pulp and odontoblasts

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is the most extensively studied growth factor in dentin–pulp complex, with pleiotropic effects on pulp response and healing. Our main objective was to analyze the expression profile of pulp tissue and odontoblasts, and the effects of TGF-β1 on these profiles in cultured human pulp and odontoblasts with a specific interest in the anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines. For that purpose, pulps and odontoblasts were cultured for different time periods, and microarray was performed to both cultured and native samples. Of cytokines, various interleukins (IL) were confirmed by RT-PCR, and in +/− TGF-β1 treated pulps also by antibody array. Pro-inflammatory IL-7, -12α and -16 mRNAs were detected in native pulp. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1α, -1β, -6 and -8 were clearly induced after TGF-β1 treatment, while no anti-inflammatory cytokines were induced. Of all pulpal interleukins analyzed IL-6 and -8 were present at the highest levels in conditioned pulp tissue media. In native odontoblasts pro-inflammatory IL-6 and -7 mRNAs were detected, and in cultured odontoblasts pro-inflammatory IL-8 mRNA showed over 20-fold transient induction after TGF-β1 treatment. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β1 is a potent regulator of pro-inflammatory responses and defensive reactions in dentin–pulp complex.

Field of study: Medicine
A comparative study on device degradation under a positive gate stress and hot carrier stress in InGaZnO thin film transistors

The device degradations under a positive gate stress and hot carrier stress in InGaZnO thin film transistors have been compared experimentally. After hot carrier stress, the transfer curves were shifted positively just like after a positive gate stress, and thus the threshold voltage was increased. The increase of the threshold voltage is more significant after hot carrier stress than a positive gate stress. The recovery experiment proves that the increase of the threshold voltage after hot carrier stress is due to the electron trapped charges in the gate dielectrics. The threshold voltage shifts were enhanced for narrow devices under a positive gate stress and hot carrier stress. One can predict the device degradation by monitoring the gate current.

Field of study: Engineering
Conductivity study of diacrylate-based gels: Part III. Influence of the nature of the constituents and improvement of a theoretical model of ionic transport

Several gel electrolytes were prepared by incorporation of a liquid electrolyte in a polymer diacrylate network. The liquid electrolytes were solutions of lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiTF) or lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone) imide (LiTFSI) in gamma butyrolactone (BL), gamma valerolactone (VL) and an optimized mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and 2-methoxyethyl ether (DG: diglyme) of molar percentage: EC/DG (45:55). The monomer diacrylates were: 1,3-butanediol diacrylate (BDD), 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (BDDM), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEG). The variation of conductivity with the polymer, solvent and lithium salt contents and with temperature was studied. The volumetric weight of these gels were also determined at room temperature. The experimental results were related to the competitive salt solvent and salt polymer interactions, quantified through a theoretical model of ionic conductivity. The ionic transport in the gel electrolytes was assumed to be of the liquid type. The decrease in ionic conductivity of the liquid electrolyte, enclosed in the polymer network, relative to the “free” liquid solution, is due to the fixation of some fraction of the salt on the polymer, to increase of the viscosity of the media and to a tortuous path for the ion migration. From the proposed model, the conductivity variations with the gel composition as well as with the nature of the constituents are explained.

Field of study: Materials science
Using light to control physical properties of polymers and surfaces with azobenzene chromophores

Azobenzene chromophores can be switched between two geometric isomers using visible light. This photoisomerization is rapid, reversible, and of high quantum yield, and the wavelengths effecting the transformation can be tuned synthetically with substituent groups to the chromphores. Upon isomerization, there can be significant changes to the optical, geometric, mechanical, and chemical properties of azobenzene molecules, and these photo-switchable properties can often be transferred to large host systems into which azobenzene is incorporated. This review describes polymers and surfaces that have been prepared recently that incorporate azobenzene groups, and some of the interesting physical and chemical properties that can be switched reversibly as a result.

Field of study: Chemistry
MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA IN UNSATURATED SOIL COLUMNS WITH MACROPORES

Rapid movement of bacteria through the soil has been observed after applications of manure to agricultural 
fields. Preferential flow through macropores has been suggested as the main reasons for these observations.  
with repacked soil columns were used to study the effect of artificially created macropores, soil type, soil water content, 
and simulated rain application on movement of a tracer bacterium, nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli.  
these experiments showed a significant increase in the number of biotracer cells passing through a soil column when 
macropores were present and the soil was wet. There was no passage of biotracer cells through a dry soil with 
macropores. No biotracer cells were eluted from columns without macropores even when the soils were wet. Simulated 
rainfall applied on the top of the soil columns caused bacteria to travel deeper into the soil. These results confirm the 
important role that macropores play in the movement of bacteria through heterogenous soils.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Characteristic temperature dependence of the maximum Josephson current in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O intrinsic junctions

We have measured the temperature dependence of the maximum Josephson current I/sub c/ for 15-30 nm thick stacks comprised of 10 to 20 Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8+/spl delta// intrinsic junctions. It is found that I/sub c/ typically shows little saturation at low temperatures but continues to increase noticeably as temperature decreases towards T=0. This behavior becomes significant as the normal tunneling resistance increases with decreasing oxygen content.

Field of study: Physics
The Kinematics Analysis of a Novel Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robot Based on Screw Theory

This paper introduces our newly designed self-reconfigurable modular robot named Larva-Bot, which has two DOFs with intersecting rotation axis normal to each other. Each module has autonomous mobility, and can assemble with other modules to form various configurations. In this study, a typical 6-DOF structure, composed of Larva-Bots, is proposed to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the modular robot. The common kinematics model of the robot is based on the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) parameter method, while its inverse kinematics has inefficient calculation and complicated solutions. To solve the problems, the screw theory method is applied in this paper. The forward kinematics model is constructed by using the product of exponentials (POEs) formula, while the inverse kinematics analysis is based on Paden-Kahan Sub-problems. Finally, the reliability of the method has been proved by computations and simulation.

Field of study: Engineering
Ethical Leadership: The Effect on Employees

Empirical evidence shows that the growing number of business excellence in the contemporary business environment is attributed to the leadership competencies. The frameworks of ethical leadership embody the need to engage the precincts of psychological empowerment with regard to influencing the organizational performance and the moral identity of employees. This study examines the influence that ethical leadership behavior has on the performance, efficiency and productivity of employees. Based on existing literatures and best practices, the study will address the interplay between ethical leadership with competencies, determination, job satisfaction and motivation in addressing the theoretical contributions of ethical leadership on the performance of the organization, practical implication and recommendations son future research.

Field of study: Business
Evaluation of effective stress times and stress levels from mission profiles for semiconductor reliability

Lifetime and duty cycles of automotive electronics are increasing, inducing new challenges to reliability predictions and testing. For qualification purposes, the automotive industry generates various time-dependent mission profiles with various stressors and varying stress levels according to different use cases. We present a theoretical model, describing the common approach, to reduce the stressors from time-dependent mission profiles to the two single parameters “effective stress level” and “effective stress time” for equivalent reliability testing. In a first step, the cumulative exposure (CE) model is shown to describe the future reliability behaviour after steplike stress level changes. Taking into account the individual characteristic lifetimes T63 of the corresponding Weibull distributions, in a second step, an effective T63 lifetime can be derived. For this calculation, periodic stress cycles are defined and transformed into an equivalent effective stress level. This procedure confirms the industry-wide used approach of dealing with effective stress levels for reliability testing. For the experimental validation metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are fabricated and stressed by voltage and temperature. The received reliability data fit the theoretical predictions within the statistical variations.

Field of study: Engineering
Effect of aldicarb on the growth, respiration and (14C) - glucose metabolism of Axotobacter chroococcum BEIJ.

Aldicarb [2-methyl-2(methyl thio) propionaldehyde-O-methyl carbamoyl oxime], which forms the active ingredient of a systemic oximic carbamate insecticide, at 2 ppm level did not affect the in vitro growth and respiration of Azotobacter chroococcum Beij, while concentrations at 5 ppm and 10 ppm levels were inhibitory. The insecticide treatment at 10 ppm level suppressed the assimilation of (14C) - glucose in the whole cells and in the cellular constitutents viz., cold - TCA soluble, hot TCA soluble fractions and insoluble residue. However, the 14C - incorporation in the alcohol soluble and alcohol-ether soluble fractions was enhanced indicating that aldicarb considerably altered the glucose metabolism of the organism.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Urethral Caruncle Causing Bilateral Bladder Diverticula: A Case Report

An urethral caruncle is a benign vascular tumor usually originating from the rear lip of the external urethral meatus and is usually observed in postmenopausal women. It is not included within the list of causes of bladder overdistension in women. We present a case of a urethral caruncle as a rare cause of acute urinary obstruction in a 71-year-old woman. The 71-year-old woman had occasional bleeding from a mass in the urethral meatus for 3 years. A reddish mass, measuring 3 cm in diameter, was noted at the posterior lip of the urethral meatus. The mass was diagnosed to be a urethral caruncle and was removed. Microscopically, the squamous epithelium, which covered the urethral caruncle, was found to be keratinized, with the proliferation of atypical cells with swollen nuclei in the entire mucosal layer. The patient could urinate better after the indwelling urethral catheter was taken out.

Field of study: Medicine
How resilient are Andean montane forest bird communities to habitat degradation?

The threatened forest habitats of the tropical Andes are reportedly being modified and destroyed 30% faster than their lowland tropical counterparts, but impacts on the hyper-diverse resident avifauna have received little systematic study. We present a baseline analysis of the effects of habitat modification on birds in a lower montane forest landscape in Ecuador, comparing avian community composition in landscape elements subjected to different levels of human modification: primary forest, secondary forest, edge habitat and agricultural land. We use data from a point count survey of 300 counts at 150 sites to test whether community composition and density of birds with different reported habitat preferences and foraging strategies change among landscape elements. Species richness and diversity were lowest in agricultural land, but on some measures, equally low in primary forest. Richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and edge habitat, but ordination and density analysis revealed clear differences in their species composition. While secondary forest contained mostly forest-preferring species, edge habitat harboured a mix of forest and open-land birds. There was a clearly structured gradient in species composition across landscape elements, with densities of habitat specialists, foraging guilds and families varying considerably from primary forest to agricultural land. Agricultural land was characterised by an assemblage of widespread, abundant species very different from that in core forest habitats. As such, while the majority of montane forest birds appear resilient to a certain level of habitat modification, they cannot persist, and are displaced, where forest has been cleared outright. We argue that, for Andean montane forests, preservation of mature secondary forest offers flexibility in supplementing preserved primary forest areas to provide sufficient habitat for the persistence of this incredibly diverse but severely threatened bird community.

Field of study: Environmental science