nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of pertinence of physical parameters on uncertainty of experimental data

This paper discussed the influence of the pertinence of two couples of physical parameters on the uncertainty of particle velocity and the shock pressure of test sample.The influence was estimated from calculation of experimental data.By a great deal of experimental statistic data,the influence of the pertinence of Hugoniot parameters on the uncertainty of particle velocity was less than 0.7‰,and the influence of the pertinence of physical parameters shock velocity and particle velocity on the uncertainty of shock pressure was about 0.5%.

Field of study: Physics
Plasma Levels of Interleukin 12 Family Cytokines and Their Relevant Cytokines in Adult Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia before and after High-Dose Dexamethasome Treatment

We aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines (IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35) and their relevant cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10) in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) as well as the effect of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) treatment on this expression.  DXM was administered orally at a dose of 40 mg per day for 4 consecutive days to 38 patients with cITP. We measured the plasma levels of IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A before and after treatment and also in 36 matched healthy controls, by means of FlowCytomix™ technology. The plasma levels of IL-10 and IL-35 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.  Significantly higher plasma levels of IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27, IFN-γ and IL-17A were observed in cITP patients than in controls (p < 0.01), and after HD-DXM treatment, these levels decreased significantly (p < 0.01). However, significantly lower plasma levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-35 were observed in cITP patients than in controls (p < 0.01); after the HD-DXM treatment, these levels had increased significantly in the cITP patients (p < 0.01). Moreover, the cytokine levels of patients who attained a complete response returned to the levels of normal controls (p > 0.05) but were not corrected in the patients who had no response (p < 0.01).  The patients with cITP had abnormal expression of the IL-12 family cytokines and their relevant cytokines levels, and HD-DXM treatment corrected the derangement of plasma cytokines. Measuring cytokine levels may help in the clinical assessment of cITP.

Field of study: Medicine
[Comparison of proviral genomes between the Chinese EIAV donkey leukocyte-attenuated vaccine and its parental virulent strain].

The donkey leukocyte-attenuated vaccine of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was the first lentiviral vaccine that induced solid protection from the infection of virulent strains. To elucidate the mechanism of increased immunogenicity and attenuated virulence of the vaccine, the proviral genomic DNA of an EIAV vaccine strain, EIAV(DLV121) was analyzed and compared with the genome of a parental virulent strain EIAV(DV117). Full length viral genomic DNAs were amplified as two segments by LA-PCR and were cloned. Because of the genomic diversity of retroviral quasispecies, 10 full-length sequences of EIAV(DLV121) and 4 full-length sequences of EIAV(DV117) from randomly picked clones were analyzed. Results showed that the average length of the complete nucleotide sequence of EIAV(DLV121) was 8,236bp and EIAV(DV117) was 8,249bp, with the inter-strain diversity of 2.8%. As for individual genes between the vaccine and virulent strains, the differences in nucleotide sequence of S2, LTR and env were significantly higher than the other genes with the diversity of 4.1%, 3.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Considerable variations in deduced amino acid sequences were found in S2, S3 and env. The diversities were 10.4%, 5.6% and 4.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the LTR of EIAV(DLV121) consisted of at least 5 subtypes grouped by their nucleotide sequences. There were two additional N-linked glycosylation sites in the deduced amino acid sequence of EIAV(DV117) gp90 than that of EIAV(DLV121). Among glycosylation sites in the gp90 of virulent strain, 3 were found unique only in EIAV(DV117), of which 2 were located in the principle neutralizing domain (PND). In addition, there was one EIAV(DLV121) -specific glycosylation site, which was positioned in the PND, too. Taken together, it is clear that greatly increased genomic diversity exists in the EIAV vaccine strain, which provides important information for the further study on biological characters of the Chinese EIAV attenuated vaccine.

Field of study: Biology
Analysis of pyrrhotite properties accompanying recrystallization of metamorphosed nickel sulfide ore from Kambalda, Western Australia

Serial sectioning was carried out on a single sample of oriented pyrrhotite–pentlandite ore from the Durkin Shoot at Kambalda. This permitted the sequential investigation of a number of pyrrhotite properties including grain morphologies, triple-junction angles, grain lattice orientation, microhardness, peak broadening in X-ray diffractograms, and approximate Fe/S ratios of the monoclinic pyrrhotite by microprobe analysis.The present study confirms the presence of previously identified flattened tabular (F) and equant polyhedral (E) pyrrhotite morphologies, and establishes that the E type has recrystallized from the F variety. The latter is composed of subgrain aggregates with C axes that tend to be oriented perpendicular to the pyrrhotite foliation. Formation of the E type pyrrhotite from the F variety involved subgrain rotations, subgrain coalescence, and grain growth. This was accompanied by definite reductions in σ values for triple-junction angles and in microhardness, as well as apparent reductions i...

Field of study: Environmental science
Relational Virtues and Organizational Health in the Nigerian Aviation Sector

Beyond management of tangible organizational asset as a basis for attaining goals, there is a renewal attention atsome intangible assets that will help to strengthen the competitive ability of firms. The imperative need for thisis further heightened by the failing state of health of firms due to increased competition across sectors. In thisvein this study investigated the relationship between relational virtues and organizational health of the NigerianAviation sector. In order to conduct this investigation, the relationship virtue construct is examined with itscomponents as trust, integrity, reciprocity and esprit de corps. The study primarily relied on the questionnaireinstrument for generating data. The data generated were analyzed and the results showed that relational virtuesstrongly relates with organizational health in the studied sector. We concluded that such intangible relationalvirtues like trust, integrity reciprocity and esprit de corps are strong predictors of organizational health. It hasbeen recommended that evolving the culture of emphasizing relational virtues should be considered strategic toposition the aviation sector in line with desired organizational and national goals.

Field of study: Business
A Critical Current Measurement Method for Strip Hard Superconductors Utilizing Pulsed Current

Long wire critical current (Ic) characterization is important for fabrication of superconducting magnets. Many inductive and transport Ic measurement methods have been developed for km scale rare earth cuprate (REBCO) based Coated conductors (CC), which is a very promising high temperature superconducting material for magnet applications. As a direct indication of the current carrying capability, transport measurement is favored by most tape users. However, the traditional transport measurement technique has its limitations for long tape characterization. The speed of transport measurement is usually not high enough for km scale tapes, and direct current (DC) measurement also has a certain risk of tape damage due to the Joule heating at current contacts, especially for some special CCs with higher contact resistance, e.g., stainless-steel encapsulated CCs. For long wire measurements, the risk of tape damage is generally higher than acceptable. A pulse measurement method based on induction principle is proposed and tested in this work, the feasibility of this method is verified by experiments. Where pulsed current is used to reduce Joule heating thus reduce the risk of tape damage. Moreover, the speed of measurement can also be improved by the technique compared with DC measurements.

Field of study: Physics
Chemical physics and catalysis

The role of chemical physics in the science of catalysis and design of new catalytic technologies is discussed. As particular examples the role of chemical physics in the following areas is considered: homogeneous catalysis with metal complexes, heterogeneous catalysis with anchored metal complexes, heterogeneous catalysis with catalysts prepared via anchored metal complexes and organometallics, catalysis of olefin polymerization, catalysis by metals, catalysis by oxides, catalysis by zeolites, catalysis by heteropolyacids and biomimetic catalysis.

Field of study: Chemistry
Ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons mediate the shock sensitization of acoustic startle: a potential site of action for benzodiazepine anxiolytics.

Dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are thought to play an important role in fear motivation. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the connection between DA D2, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A, and benzodiazepine receptors in the VTA and footshock-associated emotionality. Microinfusion of the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole. the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol, and the benzodiazepine receptor agonist flurazepam into the VTA was observed to suppress the shock enhancement of acoustic startle amplitudes. None of the drugs depressed baseline startle responding or footshock reactivity. The results indicate the involvement of VTA DA neurons in the fear-arousing properties of footshock and implicate the VTA as a possible neural site for the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Formation kinetics of high-temperature phase sulphoaluminate

Thermal analysis was utilized to study the formation kinetics of high-temperature phase sulphoaluminate based on competitive reaction.Experimental investigation proved that the formation of sulphoaluminate began at 1100℃ and reached a maximum at 1331℃.High temperature resulted in the change of multi-crystals composed of CaO,Al_2O_3 and CaSO_4·2H_2O.The mobility of particles increased remarkably and accelerated the solid reaction process.The formation of high-temperature phase sulphoaluminate could be described by the first order reaction kinetics, and could belong to nucleus formation mechanism.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The processing technology of wet noodles with pumpkin and their quality changes during storage

Wet noodle with fruit and vegetable is a newly developed functional noodle, the processing technology and the stability during storage of which are the critical factors. This paper investigated?the effects of the addition of water, salt and pumpkin on the sensory evaluation, textural and cooking quality of wet noodles, and analyzed the quality variety during low temperature and room temperature storages. Results indicated that the noodle with pumpkin was obtained when the additions of water, salt and pumpkin were 33%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. It was found that the quality varieties of wet noodles with pumpkin were ignorable during 3 days in room-temperature storage and 65 days in low temperature storages.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Isolation and characterisation of satellite DNA from Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.

Nuclear DNA isolated from hypocotyls (H), proliferating callus (PC) and differentiating callus (DC) of Brassica juncea contains a satellite DNA which can be resolved in actinomycin-D/CsCl gradients. The satellite DNA undergoes changes, when an in vitro culture is raised from hypocotyl tissue and forms a higher percentage of the genome in PC and DC than in mature differentiated tissue (hypocotyl). All the three satellite DNAs are GC-rich compared to main band DNAs. Satellite DNA of H has higher Tm and GC content than that of the PC and DC satellites. A 200 bp basic repeat unit from hypocotyl nuclear DNA has been cloned and characterised.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Estimation of population mean using information on auxiliary attribute in two-phase sampling

In this paper, we have proposed an estimator for finite population mean using auxiliary information in form of attributes under double sampling. We have also derived the expression of mean squared error of the proposed estimator. The proposed estimator is compared with the simple mean per unit, usual double sampling ratio and product estimators. An empirical study is carried out to judge the merit of the proposed estimator.

Field of study: Mathematics
PRODUCTION OF SANGUINARINE BY ELICITED PLANT CELL CULTURE III. IMMOBILIZED BIOREACTOR CULTURES

Papaver somniferum cells were surface-immobilized and grown efficiently and maintained highly viable in 6-1 modified airlift bioreactors. These immobilized cultures were elicited with chitin in the presence of XAD-7 adsorbent polymeric resin, in parallel with control suspension cultures carried out in flasks, for sanguinarine production. Results showed production levels of the larger cultures operated under apparently non limiting conditions of up to 80 mg l −1 or 0.52% dw after 600 h, of which 70–80% was found in the resin. These productions were 3- to 14-times lower than obtained from control cultures. This poor performance of immobilized cultures is explained by dissolved oxygen limitations within the biofilm as well as by various other restrictive factors associated to the culture system used in relation to the elicitation process, including the inherent physiological heterogeneity of the plant cell biofilm and the insoluble nature of the elicitor used which may have hindered its penetration of the immobilized biomass.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
David Carey Jr. , I Ask for Justice: Maya Women, Dictators, and Crime in Guatemala, 1898–1944 (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2014), pp. xxv + 335, £37.00, hb.

emphasise one side of the equation. The focus on critical junctures is certainly provocative and may well inspire future work in this area. Although used loosely throughout the book, the notion of ‘critical juncture’ in political science refers to specific historical circumstances in which constraints on action are relaxed and the status quo becomes unstable and vulnerable to disruptions caused by contingent events or factors. But once critical junctures are ‘resolved’, they produce legacies that narrow down the scope for innovation and choice. It follows that the resolution of any of the critical junctures identified by Lessa should somehow condition the momentum in favour or against the strengthening of progressive responses to the legacies of state repression. As time goes by the ‘criticalness’ of future ‘moments’ is greatly reduced as the path forward becomes more and more overdetermined by past events and choices. In other words, subsequent evidentiary, international, political or opposition ‘moments’ are more likely to reproduce on-going power imbalances and policy trajectories, rather than disrupt them. This begs two sets of questions. The first one is how we identify a critical juncture or moment when we see one. What makes the release of new evidence an ‘evidentiary moment’? Does it depend on the previous trajectory of the country? Greater conceptual clarity might be needed for other scholars to be able to export Lessa’s framework. Second, how exactly do these ‘moments’ set cases along specific paths? In other words, what are the mechanisms of institutional change at play? Answering these questions will require additional efforts to theorise the processes by which each ‘critical juncture’ affects the resources and discursive frameworks of the actors involved, and how those effects may or may not be countervailed by subsequent shocks to the system. It might be productive to think systematically about the effects of sequencing on transitional justice outcomes. For example, what happens if evidentiary moments precede international ones, or if opposition backlashes occur before the onset of international campaigns against impunity? This is an important addition to the field of memory studies and transitional justice. More than offering a rich and informative overview of Argentine and Uruguayan recent histories, the latter of which is remarkably understudied yet fascinating, Lessa’s approach weaves together interdisciplinary insights to put forward a series of heuristic tools that allow us to explore the subject from interesting and novel angles.

Field of study: Political science
Spectral densities of the symmetric Anderson model.

The spectral density of the single-impurity Anderson model is calculated by a combination of quantum Monte Carlo method to provide data on the Matsubara Green's function, the maximum-entropy method of image reconstruction to invert numerically the spectral representation, and perturbation theory to provide informative default models. The Kondo central peak of the spectral density is shown to be a universal function of {omega}/{ital T}{sub {ital K}} and {ital T}/{ital T}{sub {ital K}} at low frequencies, where {ital T}{sub {ital K}} is the Kondo temperature. The higher-frequency side peaks are nonuniversal. With decreasing {ital T}/{ital T}{sub {ital K}} the Kondo peak grows as the screened local moment disappears.

Field of study: Physics
EFFECTIVE USE OF ICT TOOLS TO COMBAT INSECURITY MENACE IN NIGERIA

Information and communication technology became the all round program that is applicable in all our day to day activities across the world. Basically ICT is a phenomenal service that can lead to the enhancement of high multimedia services such as video, text, images and audio files. This paper will give rise to how ICT tools can be used to combat insecurity in Nigeria where a lot of application will be used in order to achieve the aims of this research. Insecurity is one of the biggest problem that a lot of countries are suffering from such as Nigeria, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan and so many others, where the government has no control over some areas that allows insurgence to carry out some terroristic activities as such this paper will talk about a lot of measures to be taking with the used of information and communication technology. Keyword—insecurity, ICT, applications, tools, multimedia I. INTRODUCCTION

Field of study: Engineering
Comparison of DNA preservation methods for environmental bacterial community samples.

Field collections of environmental samples, for example corals, for molecular microbial analyses present distinct challenges. The lack of laboratory facilities in remote locations is common, and preservation of microbial community DNA for later study is critical. A particular challenge is keeping samples frozen in transit. Five nucleic acid preservation methods that do not require cold storage were compared for effectiveness over time and ease of use. Mixed microbial communities of known composition were created and preserved by DNAgard(™), RNAlater(®), DMSO-EDTA-salt (DESS), FTA(®) cards, and FTA Elute(®) cards. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and clone libraries were used to detect specific changes in the faux communities over weeks and months of storage. A previously known bias in FTA(®) cards that results in lower recovery of pure cultures of Gram-positive bacteria was also detected in mixed community samples. There appears to be a uniform bias across all five preservation methods against microorganisms with high G + C DNA. Overall, the liquid-based preservatives (DNAgard(™), RNAlater(®), and DESS) outperformed the card-based methods. No single liquid method clearly outperformed the others, leaving method choice to be based on experimental design, field facilities, shipping constraints, and allowable cost.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA

The principal engineering problems that confront the geologist in San Francisco Bay are the strength of foundations, settlement of ground due to imposed load, stability of side slopes, support of piles, and source of borrow sand for fills. Work on the design of foundations for proposed new crossings of San Francisco Bay has shown that each geologic formation has more or less consistent characteristics with respect to these engineering problems. The geologist thus can facilitate the work of the engineer by advising him as to the engineering properties of the rocks and sediments in areas between bore holes or excavations, even though the bore holes may be several hundred feet apart.

Bedrock beneath San Francisco Bay consists of the Franciscan formation of Jurassic (?) age. Prior to the deposition of the present sediments in the bay, this formation was severely deformed, broken by faults, and eroded to a surface of considerable relief. The formation thus poses problems in landing caissons for bridges across the bay. In such places knowledge of the relief, firmness, and distribution of weak and strong rocks is essential.

The bay sediments consist of five formations of late Quaternary age, which correspond to deposits previously described by Lawson in his folio on the San Francisco Bay region. The oldest sediments belong to the Alameda formation, which ranges from 0 to more than 200 feet in thickness. The formation consists of a series of layers of firm sand, sandy clay, and clay, which everywhere forms a good foundation for engineering structures. The caissons in the east part of the bay on the present San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge rest on this formation. In more than 15 years the piers have not settled appreciably.

The overlying San Antonio formation, 15 to 120 feet thick, consists of clay and sandy clay, with a little sand. The sediments in most places are moderately firm and give good pile support. The formation settles appreciably under loads of more than 1.5 tons per square foot.

The succeeding formation, the Posey, 0 to 50 feet thick, consists of sand and sandy clay. It is firm and, where the underlying San Antonio formation is stiff, forms a good foundation. It also is a source of borrow sand. Subsequent to the deposition of the Posey formation, valleys 150 feet or more in depth and up to 1000 feet in width were formed. These valleys and adjacent flat land were then partially covered with the Merritt sand, 0 to 60 feet thick. This sand in part is wind-blown and in many places is a source of borrow sand.

The youngest formation is the Bay mud, which fills the old valleys and blankets the adjacent land. It is soft, affords a poor support for structures and piles, settles under imposed load, and fails readily when covered by significant quantities of fill. The formation causes critical problems in the deep, filled valleys. These valleys lie near the mouths of the present streams, which flow from the mountains. Presumably, the valleys mark the course of drainage when sea level was lower than it is now, perhaps during some glacial epoch.

Field of study: Geology