nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Collaboration between practice, policy and research in local public health in the Netherlands.

The collaboration between policy, practice, and research in local public health was studied in a multiple case study. The assumption is that collaboration will result in more solid evidence and higher quality standards in public health.



First, collaboration barriers were studied by analysing the work cycles of the three domains, which are considered to operate as niches. Actors at the administrative, institutional, and individual levels were identified. Theories that describe processes of the convergence of the three niches through practical strategies were sought. Finally, the application of the practical strategies in six cases was evaluated.



When administrative, institutional, and individual changes develop in a similar fashion and in parallel with each other, the likelihood of successful collaboration that goes beyond the initial period is greater. The findings suggest that organisational development (OD) strategies that address collaboration at the institutional level make a relatively strong contribution.



Top level consultations just after local elections, investments in OD strategies and a new kind of accountability in public health are recommended. The assumption that successful collaboration contributes to enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, and efficacy of public health could not yet be unequivocally confirmed.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Sudden Vacuum Loss in Long Liquid Helium Cooled Tubes

Sudden vacuum loss in straight long tubes cooled by liquid helium is investigated. The scenario resembles an accident in a superconducting particle accelerator when the beam-cavity suddenly loses its vacuum to atmosphere. Following this accident, air will propagate down the vacuum channel and freeze on the cold walls. To warrant against catastrophes of this accident, it is vital to know the propagation speed of air in the vacuum space and the heat load on the helium bath. An experimental setup has been developed to determine these parameters. Experiments are conducted wherein a large nitrogen gas tank is rapidly vented to a high vacuum tube (~10-4 Pa) immersed in liquid helium at 4.2 K. The measurements comprise of the tube pressure to determine the propagation speed, the tank pressure to determine the gas mass flow rate into the tube, and the tube temperature to estimate the heat load. Flash solidification of the gas on the cold tube, which is apparent in the measurements, limits the propagation speed to the order of 10 m/s. Based on the mass flow measurement a heat deposition rate of 60 kW/m2 on the vacuum tube is estimated, while the heat transfer rate to the helium bath is predicted to exceed 20 kW/m2.

Field of study: Physics
The Risk Management of the Rural Land Contracted Management Right Mortgage Loan:From the Perspective of Agriculture-related Financing Institutions

Due to the reform of "Separation of Three Rights"concerning farmland,the rural land mortgage placed on contracted management right is becoming a new financing way for famers in China,which can promote rural economic development and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization.But the risk behind it limits the new business' s development.Aiming to help the financial institutions and famers to achieve a win-win result through the business,the study takes borrower credit risk,collateral risk,operation risk into consideration,combines with Game Theory,explores all possible exposure to the current land mortgage placed on contracted management right and works out the following measures which can control this business risk.(1)Perfect the relevant laws and regulations;(2)Fill the blank of the rural credit management;(3)Promote the insurance system of agricultural production;(4)Improve the value of the mortgaged property management mechanism.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Chiral anomaly and transport in Weyl metals.

We present an overview of our recent work on transport phenomena in Weyl metals, which may be connected to their nontrivial topological properties, particularly to chiral anomaly. We argue that there are two basic phenomena, which are related to chiral anomaly in Weyl metals: anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and chiral magnetic effect (CME). While AHE is in principle present in any ferromagnetic metal, we demonstrate that a magnetic Weyl metal is distinguished from an ordinary ferromagnetic metal by the absence of the extrinsic and the Fermi surface part of the intrinsic contributions to the AHE, as long as the Fermi energy is sufficiently close to the Weyl nodes. The AHE in a Weyl metal is thus shown to be a purely intrinsic, universal property, fully determined by the location of the Weyl nodes in the first Brillouin zone. In other words, a ferromagnetic Weyl metal may be thought of as the only example of a ferromagnetic metal with a purely intrinsic AHE. We further develop a fully microscopic theory of diffusive magnetotransport in Weyl metals. We derive coupled diffusion equations for the total and axial (i.e. node-antisymmetric) charge densities and show that chiral anomaly manifests as a magnetic-field-induced coupling between them. We demonstrate that an experimentally-observable consequence of CME in magnetotransport in Weyl metals is a quadratic negative magnetoresistance, which will dominate all other contributions to magnetoresistance under certain conditions and may be regarded as a smoking-gun transport characteristic, unique to Weyl metals.

Field of study: Physics
Evaluation of absorption cycles with respect to COP and economics

The calculation of the performance of absorption heat pump cycles or the comparison of different types of machine cannot be done in a reasonable way without considering the first cost of the machine and especially the cost of the heat exchangers, as their area and particularly the distribution of the area between the respective components of the heat pump determine the COP. Therefore it makes sense only to compare machines that are optimized in this respect. A good way to evaluate cycles is to calculate the maximum COP in terms of the total cost of the heat exchangers. For that purpose a computer program was developed for different absorption heat pump cycles with water as refrigerant. The calculation method is simple and thus the result reliable. The program is suitable for evaluating double-lift, single-, double- and some triple-effect cycles, each one with different absorption fluids and with different options, such as different solution flows (parallel, serial), different types of absorber (spray- or falling-film absorber), and different types of generator (pool- or falling-film generator). With this instrument different cycles or similar cycles with different features can be compared. An economically significant estimation of the performance of a cycle working under defined conditions is possible.

Field of study: Engineering
Non-Exclusive Conventions and Social Coordination

We study the long run outcome when communities with different conventions interact. We introduce the notion of non-exclusive conventions to model the idea that, by incurring some additional costs, agents can remain flexible and hence coordinate their activities more successfully. We show that if these costs of flexibility are low (high) and interaction is local then the Pareto-efficient (risk-dominant) convention prevails in both communities. At intermediate cost levels, the conventions coexist. We also show that the importance of relative size of the two communities varies across interaction structures. Journal of Economic Literature

Field of study: Economics
The Importance of Anxiety States in Bipolar Disorder

Anxiety symptoms and syndromes are common in bipolar disorders, occurring in over half of all subjects with bipolar disorder type I. Despite methodological and diagnostic inconsistencies, most studies have shown a robust association between the presence of a broadly defined comorbid anxiety disorder and important indices of clinical morbidity in bipolar disorder, including a greater number of depressive episodes, worse treatment outcomes, and elevated risk of attempting suicide. Anxiety symptoms and/or syndromes often precede the onset of bipolar disorder and may represent a clinical phenotype of increased risk in subjects with prodromal symptoms. Although the causal relationship between anxiety and bipolar disorders remains unresolved, the multifactorial nature of most psychiatric phenotypes suggests that even with progress towards more biologically valid phenotypes, the “phenomenon” of comorbidity is likely to remain a clinical reality. Treatment studies of bipolar patients with comorbid anxiety have begun to provide preliminary evidence for the role of specific pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, but these need to be confirmed in more definitive trials. Hence, there is an immediate need for further research to help guide assessment and help identify appropriate treatments for comorbid conditions.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Study on Technology of Functional Watermelon Vinegary Drink

In this paper,using watermelon as a major material,watermelon vinegar was produced by way of alcoholic ferment and acetic acid ferment.The technology of functional watermelon drink by acetic acid ferment was introduced,that is mix watermelon juice,strawberry juice,sugar,etc.with watermelon vinegar.This drink is of great nutritive function.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Relaxation Training for Psychiatric Inpatients

In Exp. 1 the effects of progressive and imaginal relaxation training were examined for 51 psychiatric inpatients. Relaxation Inventory scores indicated significant changes in the direction of greater relaxation for each training procedure; there were no significant differences in responses to the two types of training. Significant relaxation effects were found for each of three training sessions, but the effects were not cumulative. Only one patient was withdrawn because reaction to training was overtly negative. Exp. 2 was an analysis of Exp. 1 data in combination with data from a prior study. Patients and college students responded much alike but students reached greater relaxation within sessions. Further experimentation on relaxation training with psychiatric inpatients appears justified.

Field of study: Psychology
Crystallographic characterization of the N-terminal domain of PEX1.

Peroxisomal enzymes are responsible for several primary metabolism pathways, including beta-oxidation and lipid biosynthesis. PEX1 and PEX6 are hexameric AAA-type ATPases and both are necessary for the import of more than 50 peroxisomal resident proteins from the cytosol into peroxisomes. In this study, PEX1 N-terminal domain crystals have been prepared. The crystals belong to space group P3(1) or P3(2), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 63.5 A, c = 33.5 A, and contain one protein molecule per crystallographic asymmetric unit. An intensity data set was collected to a resolution of 2.05 A.

Field of study: Chemistry
Genetic screening in couples experiencing recurrent assisted procreation failure.

Infertility is a major health problem affecting about 10-20% of couples in the reproductive age group. Male factor is assumed to be responsible in about 50% cases of infertility. The origin of reduced testicular sperm function is unknown in about 50-70% of cases and for such couples assisted reproduction techniques (ART) are a boon. Male infertility is often due to poor semen quality and may be associated with genetic defects. ART has revolutionized management of infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the ART procedure of choice in 60-80% cases. Despite major technological advancements and professional expertise in ART, the success rate and carry-home live birth rate of ICSI is low (18-25%). This study was aimed to understand the genetic etiopathology of recurrent ART failure. For this, 110 couples with 3 or more failed ART cycles were recruited. A detailed history was taken and only idiopathic ART failure cases were enrolled for this study. They were subjected to cytogenetic and Yq microdeletion analysis. Genetic abnormalities were detected in 19 couples. Since a large number (18.2%) cases harboured genetic abnormalities, it is important for all couples opting for ART to undergo a thorough genetic analysis to prevent recurrent emotional, physical and financial stress.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Onset of sedimentation near the Carnian/Norian boundary in the northwestern Sichuan Basin: New evidence from ammonoid biostratigraphy and zircon U Pb geochronology

Triassic deposits formed at the onset of subsidence in the Sichuan foreland basin of South China, and may record a crisis of carbonate deposition related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode. However, there is no consensus yet on the precise age of these deposits in northwestern Sichuan. In this work, ammonoid biostratigraphy has been improved, and a U/Pb age from detrital zircons has been obtained from the Upper Triassic of northwestern Sichuan. New ammonoid taxa Sinotropites sichuanensis n. gen., n. sp. and Hadrothisbites hanwangensis n. sp. are described from the upper part of the Ma'antang Formation in Hanwang and Jushui area and are assigned to the uppermost Tuvalian (Anatropites spinosus Zone, Gonionotites italicus Subzone). Ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy, combined with U/Pb concordant ages of 227.2 ± 1.1 Ma obtained from youngest detrital zircons, provide a robust constrain on the initial sedimentation phases of the foreland basin in northwestern Sichuan, and suggest that the terrigenous turnover was not related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Control of Evaporation Behavior of an Inkjet-Printed Dielectric Layer Using a Mixed-Solvent System

In this study, the evaporation behavior and the resulting morphology of inkjet-printed dielectric layers were controlled using a mixed-solvent system to fabricate uniform poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP) dielectric layers without any pinholes. The mixed-solvent system consisted of two different organic solvents: 1-hexanol and ethanol. The effects of inkjet-printing variables such as overlap condition, substrate temperature, and different printing sequences (continuous and interlacing printing methods) on the inkjet-printed dielectric layer were also investigated. Increasing volume fraction of ethanol (VFE) is likely to reduce the evaporation rate gradient and the drying time of the inkjet-printed dielectric layer; this diminishes the coffee stain effect and thereby improves the uniformity of the inkjet-printed dielectric layer. However, the coffee stain effect becomes more severe with an increase in the substrate temperature due to the enhanced outward convective flow. The overlap condition has little effect on the evaporation behavior of the printed dielectric layer. In addition, the interlacing printing method results in either a stronger coffee stain effect or wavy structures of the dielectric layers depending on the VFE of the PVP solution. All-inkjet-printed capacitors without electrical short circuiting can be successfully fabricated using the optimized PVP solution (VFE = 0.6); this indicates that the mixed-solvent system is expected to play an important role in the fabrication of high-quality inkjet-printed dielectric layers in various printed electronics applications.

Field of study: Materials science
Experimental Consideration of an Optical Fiber Trapping Method by Measuring the Reflected Beam from an Optically Trapped Microsphere.

Optical fiber trapping method was experimentally investigated by measuring the reflected beam from an optically trapped microsphere. From these results, we verified that our proposed fiber optic trapping system captured a microsphere by a mechanism different from traditional trapping systems using a high-numerical-aperture objective.

Field of study: Computer science
A Review of Pellets from Different Sources

The rise in pellet consumption has resulted in a wider variety of materials for pellet manufacture. Thus, pellet industry has started looking for alternative products, such as wastes from agricultural activities, forestry and related industries, along with the combination thereof, obtaining a broad range of these products. In addition, the entry into force of EN ISO 17225 standard makes wood pellet market (among other types) possible for industry and household purposes. Therefore, wastes that are suitable for biomass use have recently increased. In this study, the main characteristics of ten kinds of laboratory-made pellets from different raw materials were analyzed. Thus, we have focused on the most limiting factors of quality standards that determine the suitability for biomass market, depending on the kind of pellet. The results showed considerable differences among the analyzed pellets, exceeding the limits established by the standard in almost all cases, especially concerning ash content and N and S composition. The requirements of the studied standard, very demanding for certain factors, disable the entry of these densified wastes in greater added value markets.

Field of study: Materials science
Demonstration of the existence of mRNAs encoding N1/cif and N2/cit sodium/nucleoside cotransporters in rat brain.

Nucleoside transport may be involved in the regulation of extracellular levels of adenosine, an inhibitory neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Previous reports have provided functional evidence for Na+-dependent nucleoside transport in rat brain. We isolated total RNA from various regions of rat brain and tested for the presence of mRNA for two recently cloned Na+/nucleoside cotransporters using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Messenger RNA for a pyrimidine-selective Na+/nucleoside cotransporter mRNA (rCNT1) was detected in samples from each brain region tested by RT-PCR amplification of a 309-bp DNA product. Southern blot and sequence analysis confirmed that this product was derived from rCNT1 mRNA. A purine-selective Na+/nucleoside cotransporter mRNA (rCNT2, also termed SPNT) was detected throughout brain by amplifying a 235-bp DNA product, the sequence of which was identical to that published. These experiments demonstrate the presence of both rCNT1 and rCNT2 mRNA in rat brain.

Field of study: Biology
Quantification of depletion-induced adhesion of red blood cells.

Red blood cells (RBCs) are known to form aggregates in the form of rouleaux due to the presence of plasma proteins under physiological conditions. The formation of rouleaux can also be induced in vitro by the addition of macromolecules to the RBC suspension. Current data on the adhesion strength between red blood cells in their natural discocyte shapes mostly originate from indirect measurements such as flow chamber experiments, but data is lacking at the single cell level. Here, we present measurements on the dextran-induced aggregation of red blood cells using atomic force microscopy-based single cell force spectroscopy. The effects of dextran concentration and molecular weight on the interaction energy of adhering RBCs were determined. The results on adhesion energy are in excellent agreement with a model based on the depletion effect and previous experimental studies. Furthermore, our method allowed to determine the adhesion force, a quantity that is needed in theoretical investigations on blood flow.

Field of study: Physics
A systematic literature review on supply chain finance actors, instruments and processes

Supply Chain Finance (SCF) aims at managing the financial flows along the supply chain with an objective of maximising the creation and delivery of financial services. The literature on SCF is complex and focuses on SCF actors, SCF instruments and supply chain processes. However, the connection between these elements is weak, and the configurations of actors, instruments and processes that maximises financial value creation is unclear. In the light of this gap, this article aims at reviewing the literature on SCF, with a specific focus on actors, instruments, coordination, performance of processes and their interrelation. A systematic approach has been taken to the literature review, which ensures it is auditable and repeatable. The selection criteria are clearly aligned with the review questions and relevant information is extracted from the selected papers and synthesised into a set of constructs. Furthermore, the constructs are used to develop a conceptual framework to align SCF actors and instruments along with the contextual factors.

Field of study: Engineering
On Oscillatory Necking in Polymers

The phenomenon of oscillatory necking in the stretching of polyethylene films is described. We propose an extension of a model of Barenblatt for isothermic necking in polymers, and we show that oscillatory necking may arise, for example, in polymers for which the effect of diffusion of stresses exceeds that of diffusion of oriented material. In such polymers, at sufficiently low temperatures, uniform necking is no longer stable and self-oscillations are observed.

Field of study: Mathematics
Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) total ozone and profile algorithm

We describe the algorithm that has been applied to develop a 42 yr record of total ozone and ozone profiles from eight Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) instruments launched on NASA and NOAA satellites since April 1970. The Version 8 (V8) algorithm was released more than a decade ago and has been in use since then at NOAA to produce their operational ozone products. The current algorithm (V8.6) is basically the same as V8, except for updates to instrument calibration, incorporation of new ozone absorption cross-sections, and new ozone and cloud height climatologies. Since the V8 algorithm has been optimized for deriving monthly zonal mean (MZM) anomalies for ozone assessment and model comparisons, our emphasis in this paper is primarily on characterizing the sources of errors that are relevant for such studies. When data are analyzed this way the effect of some errors, such as vertical smoothing of short-term variability, and noise due to clouds and aerosols diminish in importance, while the importance of others, such as errors due to vertical smoothing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and other periodic and aperiodic variations, become more important. With V8.6 zonal mean data we now provide smoothing kernels that can be used to compare anomalies in SBUV profile and partial ozone columns with models. In this paper we show how to use these kernels to compare SBUV data with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone profiles. These kernels are particularly useful for comparisons in the lower stratosphere where SBUV profiles have poor vertical resolution but partial column ozone values have high accuracy. We also provide our best estimate of the smoothing errors associated with SBUV MZM profiles. Since smoothing errors are the largest source of uncertainty in these profiles, they can be treated as error bars in deriving interannual variability and trends using SBUV data and for comparing with other measurements. In the V8 and V8.6 algorithms we derive total column ozone by integrating the SBUV profiles, rather than from a separate set of wavelengths, as was done in previous algorithm versions. This allows us to extend the total ozone retrieval to 88° solar zenith angle (SZA). Since the quality of total column data is affected by reduced sensitivity to ozone in the lower atmosphere by cloud and Rayleigh attenuation, which gets worse with increasing SZA, we provide our best estimate of these errors, as well as the kernels that can be used to test the sensitivity of the derived columns to long-term changes in ozone in the lower atmosphere.

Field of study: Environmental science