nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
How incident reporting systems can stimulate social and participative learning: A mixed-methods study.

Incident reporting systems (IRSs) have been widely adopted in healthcare, calling for the investigation of serious incidents to understand what causes patient harm. In this article, we study how the Dutch IRS contributed to social and participative learning from incidents. We integrate quantitative and qualitative data in a mixed-methods design. Between 1 July 2013 and 31 March 2019, Dutch hospitals reported and investigated 4667 incidents. Healthcare inspectors scored all investigations to assess hospitals' learning process following incidents. We analysed if and on what aspects hospitals improved over time. Additionally, we draw from semi-structured interviews with incident investigators, quality managers, healthcare inspectors and healthcare professionals. Healthcare inspectors score incident investigation reports better over time, suggesting that hospitals conduct better investigations or have become adept at writing reports in line with inspectors' expectations. Our qualitative data suggests the IRS contributed to practices that support social and participative learning-the professionalisation of incident investigation teams, the increased involvement of patients and families in investigations-and practices that do not-not linking learning from the investigation teams to that of professionals, not consistently monitoring the recommendations that investigations identify. The IRS both hits and misses the mark. We learned that IRSs need to be responsive to the (developing) capabilities of healthcare providers to investigate and learn from incidents, if the IRS is to stimulate social and participative learning from incidents.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Plasmon-Induced Transparency Based on Triple Arc-Ring Resonators

This paper presents a plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) using an easy-fabricating metamaterial composed of three pieces of metallic arc-rings on top of a dielectric substrate. The transmission of the transparent peak of 1.32 THz reaches approximately 93%. The utilization of the coupled Lorentzian oscillator model and the distribution of electromagnetic fields together explain the cause of the transparent peak. The simulation results further demonstrate that the bandwidth of the transmission peak can be narrowed by changing the sizes of the arc-rings. Moreover, an on/off effect based on the transparent peak is discussed by introducing photosensitive silicon into the air gaps of the suggested metamaterial structure.

Field of study: Materials science
Interesting coupling phenomena of heavy and light holes in a (GaAs/AlAs)n superlattice

An appropriate combination of the scattering theory and the transfer matrix formalism, for the solution of a (4×4) Kohn–Luttinger model, allow us to study the multichannel-multiband transmission process of heavy and light holes through a (GaAs/AlAs) n superlattice. Appealing effects and interesting channel coupling phenomena, mediated by quasi-bond states, are clearly foreseen.

Field of study: Physics
Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil

&NA; Beech forests reaches its native distribution limit in SE Norway, but is expected to expand substantially northwards due to climate warming. This may potentially result in a fundamental transformation of contemporary Northern European forests, with tentative effects on the associated belowground fungi. Fungal communities mediate vital ecosystem processes such as ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration in boreal forests. To investigate how soil fungi is affected by the vegetation transition from spruce to beech forest, we sampled litter, humus and mineral soil in a forest landscape dominated by beech, spruce or a mixture of these. The fungal communities in the soil samples were analyzed by DNA metabarcoding of the rDNA ITS2 region. Although soil layers were the most important structuring gradient, we found clear differences in fungal species composition between spruce and beech plots. The differences in fungal community composition were most evident in the litter and least in the mineral soil. Decomposers, most notably Mycena, dominated the litter layer while various mycorrhizal fungi dominated the humus and mineral layers. Some ectomycorrhizal taxa, such as Cenoccocum and Russula, were more abundant in spruce forests. Differences in fungal community composition between forest types can potentially have large impacts on carbon sequestration rates. &NA;  Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Field domain theory and the study of sport sociology

Starting with basic concepts in Pierre Bourdieu’s field domain theory and their influence on the sport sociology in France, the author specifically probed into the significance of the field domain theory in the study of sport sociology in terms of the development of sport concepts and the introduction of the body concept, then analyzed the development of such three concepts as habit, capital and field domain in the study of sport sociology, as well as the significance of the theory of field domain in practical applications from the perspective of criticism and practical application, and lastly reviewed the study of sport sociology in China via the elimination of the estrangement between subjectivism and objectivism as well as the determination of the research value of the "research subject" by the theory of field domain.

Field of study: Education
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum levels of T-helper cytokines in children with asthma.

There has been a considerable interest in the potential therapeutic value of dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids in patients with asthma.



This cross-sectional study was designed to identify the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on symptom score, pulmonary function and serum T-helper cytokine concentrations in children with mild to moderate persistent asthma.



A total of 39 patients among 50 volunteers completed this 3-month study. They took a soft gel capsule containing 180mg EPA and 120mg DHA daily. Pulmonary function was evaluated in 28 eligible patients by spirometry, and serum levels of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokines were measured by multiplex cytometric bead assay before and after treatment.



After treatment with ω-3, symptom score improved in 28 (72%) patients. The results of spirometry showed remarkable improvement in FEV1/FVC (P=0.044) and PEF (P<0.0001) after treatment, but considering a cut-off of 80%, real improvement was observed in 32% of patients with PEF<80% which raised above the cut-off after ω-3 treatment (P=0.004) whereas, FEV1/FVC changes were above the cut-off value in 89% of the patients. After treatment, IL-17A and TNF-α levels decreased significantly (both P=0.049).



Oral administration of natural anti-inflammatory products such as ω-3 is a promising complementary approach to managing asthma.

Field of study: Medicine
Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein Attenuates Ischemic-Induced Microglia Cell Apoptosis and Activation Through NF-κB Pathway

Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most important factors leading to disability and death with the characterization of accumulated neuron death and injured supportive neurovascular structures. Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a key molecule in cell response to survival or death stimuli. However, the role of RKIP in stroke is worthy to be further studied.  We used lentivirus mediated RKIP knockdown and overexpression to investigate the effect of RKIP on animal models of focal cerebral ischemia. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release analysis, and Annexin V-APC apoptosis assay were used to detect the effect RKIP on microglial cell apoptosis and survival. Transwell migration assay was carried out to evaluate the migration of microglia cells. The releases of inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. The activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway was determined by western blot.  Overexpression of RKIP reduced focal cerebral ischemia injury. RKIP knockdown and overexpression regulated survival, activation, and motility via the NF-κB pathway. NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 blocked the changes caused by RKIP down-regulation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). RKIP overexpression inhibited the upregulation of phosphorylation of NF-κB induced by OGD and cerebral ischemia.  The present study showed that RKIP protects against ischemic stroke through inhibition of microglial excessive activation, inhibits its motility, and promotes neuronal survival partly though IKKβ-IκBα-NF-κB signaling axis and indicate that RKIP is a new target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf

This paper describes the general procedures used to select sites for obsolete oil and gas platforms as artificial reefs on the Louisiana outer continental shelf (OCS). The methods employed incorporate six basic steps designed to resolve multiple-use conflicts that might otherwise arise with daily industry and commercial fishery operations, and to identify and assess both geological and technological constraints that could affect placement of the structures. These steps include: (1) exclusion mapping; (2) establishment of artificial reef planning areas; (3) database compilation; (4) assessment and interpretation of database; (5) mapping of geological and man-made features within each proposed reef site; and (6) site selection. Nautical charts, bathymetric maps, and offshore oil and gas maps were used for exclusion mapping, and to select nine regional planning areas. Pipeline maps were acquired from federal agencies and private industry to determine their general locations within each planning area, and to establish exclusion fairways along each pipeline route. Approximately 1600 line kilometers of high-resolution geophysical data collected by federal agencies and private industry was acquired for the nine planning areas. These data were interpreted to determine the nature and extent of near-surface geologic features that could affect placement of the structures. Seismic reflection patterns were also characterized to evaluate near-bottom sedimentation processes in the vicinity of each reef site. Geotechnical borings were used to determine the lithological and physical properties of the sediment, and for correlation with the geophysical data. Since 1987, five sites containing 10 obsolete production platforms have been selected on the Louisiana OCS using these procedures. Industry participants have realized a total savings of approximately US $1 500 000 in salvaging costs by converting these structures into artificial reefs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Acute meningitis complicated by transverse myelitis: A rare complication

Acute meningitis can be complicated by intracranial complications commonly and rarely by spinal cord dysfunction. The causes of spinal cord dysfunction are cord compression, ischemic infarction of the cord, and acute myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cord is the choice of investigation which not only helps to rule out any compressive lesion but will also confirm the diagnosis of myelitis. The usual findings of myelitis on MRI spine are the hyperintensities in T2-weighted images that predominantly involve the gray matter and usually extend from the cervical to the lumbar cord. Usually, patients are left with some residual deficits including spasticity, weakness, walking difficulties, and bowel–bladder dysfunction. We report a case of acute meningitis which was complicated by acute transverse myelitis.

Field of study: Medicine
Ultrafast Stark-induced polaritonic switches.

A laser pulse, several meV red detuned from the excitonic line of a quantum well, has been shown to induce an almost instantaneous and rigid shift of the lower and upper polariton branches. Here we demonstrate that through this shift ultrafast all-optical control of the polariton population in a semiconductor microcavity should be achievable. In the proposed setup, a Stark field is used to bring the lower polariton branch in or out of resonance with a quasiresonant continuous-wave laser, thereby favoring or inhibiting the injection of polaritons into the cavity. Moreover, we show that this technique allows for the implementation of optical switches with extremely high repetition rates.

Field of study: Physics
Puzzling distribution of the fossil and living genus Hiatella (Bivalvia)

The bivalve Hiatella has been present for the last 150 Ma and is consistently linked to cool-temperate and polar regions. Its origin can be traced back to at least the Jurassic, with earliest known records being temperate forms that occurred on the northern side of the Tethys. The subsequent fossil record suggests two possible alternative migration routes. The more plausible one is that Hiatella invaded the southern seas from the Atlantic by the Eocene. From there, it migrated northward to eastern Asia, with first valid North Pacific records (in the Far East region of Russia, Japan and Alaska) from the Oligocene to Miocene. A second explanation is that during the Mesozoic Hiatella penetrated into the circumpolar zone and reached the Boreal–Pacific province, before the Arctic became isolated in the Late Cretaceous (60 Ma) due to the formation of Beringia. As its subsequent oldest records in the North Pacific are from the Oligocene to Miocene, Hiatella probably evolved during the Paleogene in the North Pacific and migrated to southern latitudes (Antarctica, southern South America, New Zealand and Australia), as connecting seaways formed in the trans-Pacific route. In any case, the North Pacific lineage has been separated from the circum-Atlantic lineage of Hiatella since at least the opening of the Bering Strait (3.0–3.5 Ma) during the Late Pliocene, when it probably participated in the trans-Arctic migration. During the Late Pliocene–Pleistocene Hiatella evolved, adopting its present widespread cold-temperate distribution in both hemispheres, although best developed in the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Hiatella probably achieved extinction resistance by virtue of broad geographic distributions associated with dispersal facilities and great plasticity in its habitat and mode of life.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Normalizing Struggle: Dimensions of Faculty Support for Doctoral Students and Implications for Persistence and Well-Being

Faculty mentoring is a durable structure of doctoral education that facilitates intellectual growth, professional socialization, and progressive independence. We must more deeply understand, however, professors’ role in supporting doctoral students’ persistence and well-being, especially for students from groups who have been historically excluded and marginalized in their fields. This study strived for such understanding by evaluating findings of a phenomenology of faculty support in 4 high-diversity science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PhD programs at 2 research universities. I found that holistic faculty support has academic, psychosocial, and sociocultural dimensions, which faculty enact through specific behaviors. Students reported meaningful experiences with faculty that normalized struggle and failure by promoting a growth mind-set, validating student competence and potential, and opening discussion about racialized and gendered dynamics in academia. Collectively, these activities may prevent students from misconstruing the difficulty of graduate school with their ability to succeed. The article discusses how the findings may advance future higher education research and faculty professional development.

Field of study: Education
Analysis and design of low-dimensional structures and devices using strain: I. Hydrostatic pressure effects

Hydrostatic pressure provides a method to vary controllably the electronic band structure of low-dimensional semiconductor systems. It can be used to determine absolute band-offsets and their pressure dependence. Tunnelling structures can be brought into resonance and the intrinsic loss mechanisms in lasers can be studied. The variation of impurity levels with pressure can be compared with theory and naturally occurring low-dimensional molecular systems can show a variety of effects including metallic conduction. Examples of such processes are briefly reviewed.

Field of study: Materials science
Internal Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Job Commitment: Empirical Study on Jordanian Cement Manufacturing Co.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between internal social responsibility and job commitment from a sample of 131-employees in Jordanian Cement Manufacturing Co. This study adopts the descriptive analytical methodology both theoretical and practical. Results showed a positive statistically strong relationship between the organizational structure and job commitment. Further, results also showed a negative relationship between the managerial policies and organizational commitment; and no statistically significant relationship between corporate innovation and job commitment. This study concludes with a number of recommendations that call for clearly identified management policies; enhancement of the innovation process at a larger scale that motivates job commitment among employees. This study calls for further studies that measure the effect of innovation, as one of internal social responsibility dimensions, on job commitment in industrial companies such as the Arab Potash Co. and Jordan Petroleum Refinery Co. to find out whether they agree or disagree with results from this study.

Field of study: Business
A local Langlands correspondence for unipotent representations

Let G be a connected reductive group over a non-archimedean local field K, and assume that G splits over an unramified extension of K. We establish a local Langlands correspondence for irreducible unipotent representations of G. It comes as a bijection between the set of such representations and the collection of enhanced L-parameters for G, which are trivial on the inertia subgroup of the Weil group of K. We show that this correspondence has many of the expected properties, for instance with respect to central characters, tempered representations, the discrete series, cuspidality and parabolic induction. 
The core of our strategy is the investigation of affine Hecke algebras on both sides of the local Langlands correspondence. When a Bernstein component of G-representations is matched with a Bernstein component of enhanced L-parameters, we prove a comparison theorem for the two associated affine Hecke algebras. 
This generalizes work of Lusztig in the case of adjoint K-groups.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of vapor-injection technique on the performance of a cascade heat pump water heater

In this study, we applied a vapor-injection (VI) technique in a cascade heat pump system. The VI was applied to both upper and lower stage cycles. Test results showed that heating and cooling capacities increased by using the VI technique (12% and 6%, respectively); however, the system COP decreased (6.6% at the injection ratio of 16.7%). The cascade system which has a small compression ratio and a cascade condenser, cannot fully utilize the VI's advantages to improve the system COP. However, the VI is effective for the system reliability and capacity improvement. We also found that the VI in the upper and lower stage cycles had different effect on overall cycle operating characteristic.

Field of study: Engineering
AN ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCE OF BEWILDERMENT PHENOMENON ON OPERATION TIME AND LEARNING PERIOD IN MULTI ASSEMBLY PROCESS

In recent years, more and more variety of products are produced also in manual assembly lines like white goods as customer needs become diversified. In response to this, there is a transition in the bases from a traditional mass production line to multiple small production lines for each kind of product. In the small production lines, the process tasks become more complicated than in the mass production lines because a lot of element tasks are involved with a process. As the result, there are some cases where the productivity deteriorates because the tasks which used to be completed in the mass production lines cannot be completed in time. One of the causes is assumed to be occurrence of a bewilderment phenomenon, the phenomenon where movements of human being are frozen or delayed by the freeze or blunting of thought when they handle a lot of tasks. This study, focusing on the bewilderment phenomenon, clarified the types of bewilderment phenomenon which may occur during manual assembly tasks. Then, the relationships between complexity of tasks and occurrence of bewilderment phenomenon were analyzed. Then, it was confirmed that the bewilderment phenomenon cause prolonged operation time and learning periods.

Field of study: Engineering
Batched Multi-hop Multi-key FHE from Ring-LWE with Compact Ciphertext Extension

Traditional fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes support computation on data encrypted under a single key. In STOC 2012, Lopez-Alt et al. introduced the notion of multi-key FHE (MKFHE), which allows homomorphic computation on ciphertexts encrypted under different keys. In this work, we focus on MKFHE constructions from standard assumptions and propose a new construction of ring-LWE-based multi-hop MKFHE scheme. Our work is based on Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan (BGV) FHE scheme where, in contrast, all the previous works on multi-key FHE with standard assumptions were based on Gentry-Sahai-Waters (GSW) FHE scheme. Therefore, our construction can encrypt a ring element rather than a single bit and naturally inherits the advantages in aspects of the ciphertext/plaintext ratio and the complexity of homomorphic operations. Moveover, our MKFHE scheme supports the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT)-based ciphertexts packing technique, achieves \(poly\left( k,L,\log n\right) \) computation overhead for k users, circuits with depth at most L and an n dimensional lattice, and gives the first batched MKFHE scheme based on standard assumptions to our knowledge. Furthermore, the ciphertext extension algorithms of previous schemes need to perform complex computation on each ciphertext, while our extension algorithm just needs to generate evaluation keys for the extended scheme. So the complexity of ciphertext extension is only dependent on the number of associated parities but not on the number of ciphertexts. Besides, our scheme also admits a threshold decryption protocol from which a generalized two-round MPC protocol can be similarly obtained as prior works.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Investigations into the alpha-decay of 195At

The low-energy nuclear structure and decay properties of the neutron-deficient isotopes 195At and 191Bi have been studied. 195At was produced in the reaction 142Nd(56Fe,p2n)195At and 191Bi as the daughter activity of 195At. The activities were implanted in a position-sensitive silicon detector after being separated from the primary beam by a gas-filled recoil separator. The 1/2+ intruder state was determined to be the ground state in 195At with an alpha-decay energy of Eα = 6953(3) keV and a half-life T1/2 = 328(20) ms. Another state with an alpha-decay energy Eα = 7075(4) keV and a half-life T1/2 = 147(5) ms was found to decay to a 148.7(5) keV excited state in 191Bi for which a spin and parity of 7/2- were deduced. Consequently, the same 7/2- character was assigned to the initial state at 32(7) keV in 195At on the basis of unhindered alpha-decay. The 9/2- state, being the ground state in heavier odd-mass astatine isotopes, was not observed.

Field of study: Physics