nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of an Efficient Control Rule Set of a Heat Pump Water Heater by Genetic Algorithms

The system most widely employed in existing heat pump water heaters is based on three rules, the parameters of which used to calculate the amount of hot water required are fixed. A method exists to optimize parameters in the three rules; however, this parameter optimization method remains insufficient for many types of heaters since the method does not take demand patterns fully into account. Parameter optimization optimizes a control rule set simply assuming that a storage tank has sufficient capacity for a whole day demand. We propose a new method for generating an control rule set that minimizes running costs based on hot water demand patterns. Our method adopts a new rule format which can control the heaters more flexibly than parameter optimization. The control rule set is explored by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a computer simulation of the heat pump water heater. To evaluate our method, we explored control rule sets for two types of storage tanks for three actual consumers. Our method generated efficient control rule sets that adapt to changes of hot water demand patterns. Consequently, over 20% of running costs were reduced compared to the control rule set optimized by parameter optimization.

Field of study: Computer science
Thoughts on “A Statement of Rights for College Administrators”

I am a professor, fully conscious and jealous of academic freedom, tenure, and other prerogatives painfully won for the professoriate. I also feel myself completely in sympathy with William C. McInnes's preceding article, "A Statement of Rights for College Administrators." It is a needed and timely contribution and one which should enjoy wide reading, discussion, pondering, and, hopefully, action. Although there have been notable examples of inept and sometimes unconscionable administrative leadership in colleges and universities, yet when one surveys the academic landscape for at least the past three or four decades, one cannot help but be impressed with the fact that when educational leadership and statesmanship have been exercised it has typically been done by outstanding presidents, deans, and occasionally department heads. It is a generally accepted historical truism that innovation and change in American higher education have rarely, if ever, come from faculty efforts, the majority of major innovations being the result of presidential thought and initiative. If administrators are to continue to be the primary source of leadership, innovation, and change, a number of the rights of

Field of study: Education
Characterization of spent lithium ion batteries in the process of recovery of value metals

Component parts of two different types (M 660 and V 83) of spent lithium ion batteries were examined to determine the amount and nature of metal values contained. The outer casing of these batteries was found to be of aluminum alloy. Lithium and cobalt in the form of LiCoO2 was the most prominent phase in the material pasted on a thin foil of Aluminium that formed the cathode while graphite pasted on a thin foil of copper formed the anode of the spent lithium ion batteries. In the paste of cathode electrode, lithiumand cobalt constituted 7.09 and 60.25 percent respectively. Irrespective of the brands investigated, the average content ofmetal values, aluminum, lithium, copper and cobalt was 45.99 percent of the total weight of the spent batteries. The remainder was electrolyte solvent, adhesive and other impurity elements.

Field of study: Materials science
Time lapse photography with two different camera systems for in situ observation of the bivalve Diplodon chilensis (Gray, 1828) in a southern Chilean lake

We compared the validity of two low cost camera systems to analyze the fi ltration activity of Diplodon chilensis (Gray, 1828), the most common freshwater bivalve in southern Chile, by using time lapse photography. One camera system (Nikon D300) was connected with an external fl ash, whereas the other system (GoPro Hero 3+) contained a permanent video light source. Size change of the exhalant siphon area (ESA) of Diplodon individuals was used to track activity changes over time. The siphon of D. chilensis was completely closed for 3.4 % ± 5.2 % (mean ± SD) of the recording time and it shows a nearly completely opened siphon for 42.7 % ± 22.9 % of the recording time. The mean siphon opening was 68.3 % ± 26.5 % of its potential opening area. Although a red fi lter was placed in front of the video light source, the mobile fauna, especially Aegla abtao (Schmitt, 1942) and unidentifi ed small fi shes were highly attracted by the permanent light. We conclude that both low cost cameras are very suitable for in situ time lapse observation of freshwater clams since both deliver good image quality. However, special attention should be given to the light source since permanent light attracts animals including predators which might change fi ltration activity of D. chilensis.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
3 GHz Superconducting Accelerator Cavity for Use in an Electron Synchrotron

Experience has shown that superconducting accelerator cavity performance improves as the operating frequency rises. To use this effect to advantage in an electron synchrotron one must develop cavities of aperture large enough to provide the necessary phase space admittance and of such a configuration as to avoid problems with lost particles and synchrotron radiation in the orbit plane. The development of such a cavity, open in the mid-plane, is described and test results given.

Field of study: Physics
Über die Verwendungsmöglichkeit einer Urankompensation zur exakten Messung der Ultrastrahlung

ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen über die zeitlichen Schwankungen der Intensität der Ultrastrahlung mit Ionisationskammern erfordern eine sorgfältige Kompensation des Ionisationsstromes. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, eine radioaktive Kompensationsmethode mit β-Strahlen von Uran auf ihre Brauchbarkeit gegenüber einer elektrischen Kompensation zu prüfen. Die an ein und derselben Ionisationskammer durchgeführten Messungen ergaben, daß sich mit einer Urankompensation mit einfachen Mitteln eine große Meßgenauigkeit erzielen läßt, daß also diese Kompensationsmethode für Dauermessungen gut geeignet ist.

Field of study: Physics
MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of ∼20–25 nucleotides in length. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a class of genetic variation in the human genome, which when present in miRNA genes are associated with the risk of developing cancer. This study aimed to identify whether the miRNA (miR)-608 polymorphism rs4919510 influenced the incidence of lung cancer, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of miR-608 in the pathogenesis of the disease. A total of 37 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were selected to determine the expression levels of miR-608; 96 NSCLC patients and 136 cancer-free healthy controls were recruited to determine the incidence of miR-608 rs4919510 in lung cancer patients. Additionally, the impact of miR-608 on the expression of predicted target genes, cell migration, viability, proliferation, and apoptosis was also assessed. We found that the presence of miR-608 rs4919510 did not affect the susceptibility of patients to NSCLC or the maturation of miR-608. miR-608 expression levels were found to be downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-608 promoted doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines A549 and HCC4006 by inhibiting the expression of transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 4 (TFAP4), and high expression levels of TFAP4 were observed in NSCLC tissues. Therefore, our results may provide valuable insights for the chemotherapeutical treatment of NSCLC.

Field of study: Biology
A Bayesian Perspective on Multiple Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of multiple source localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN). We develop an efficient statistical algorithm, based on the novel application of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) sampler methodology, that is able to deal with an unknown number of sources given quantized data obtained at the fusion center from different sensors with imperfect wireless channels. We also derive the posterior Cramér-Rao bound (PCRB) of the source location estimate. The PCRB is used to analyze the accuracy of the proposed SMC sampler algorithm and the impact that quantization has on the accuracy of location estimates of the sources. Extensive experiments show the benefits of the proposed scheme in terms of the accuracy of the estimation method that is required for model selection (i.e., the number of sources) and the estimation of the source characteristics compared to the classical importance sampling method.

Field of study: Engineering
Triangular Carbon Nanotube Bundle Interconnects for Subthreshold VLSI Circuits

Triangular carbon nanotube (T-CNT) bundles are proposed as long interconnects for subthreshold VLSI circuits. The performance of subthreshold interconnects depends on the intrinsic quantum and electrostatic coupling capacitances of the interconnects. Proposed T-CNT bundles have the most optimum geometry that give least possible coupling capacitance between adjacent wires in an IC. First, we describe the T-CNT bundle models and of traditionally used square/rectangular CNT bundles for comparison. The subthreshold output current of an inverter is modelled, and hence, we find the optimum transistor widths for nFET and pFET that drives the subthreshold interconnects. This is carried out by the current-over-capacitance ratio approach, where the subthreshold current and the transistor output capacitance are considered. Then, we model the interconnects using equivalent single conductor models and find their propagation delay and power dissipated. The performance factors such as crosstalk-induced delay, power delay product and victim noise levels of capacitive coupled interconnects of T-CNT bundles are compared to traditionally used square/rectangular CNT bundles for lengths ranging from 500 μm to 2000 μm. We find that T-CNT bundles outperform square/rectangular CNT bundles.

Field of study: Materials science
Metabolism of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) in the sheep and milk goat.

Sheep metabolized a single oral dose of 2‐chloro‐N‐isopro‐pylacetanilide (propachlor) to four urinary metabolites. These were 2‐(S‐cysteinyl)‐N‐isopropylacetanilide and 2‐[S‐(N‐acetyl) cysteinyl]‐N‐isopropylacetanilide and the glucuronide conjugates of 4'‐hydroxy‐N‐isopropyl‐2‐methylsulfonylacetanilide and N‐(1‐hydroxyisopropyl)‐2‐methylsulfonylacetanilide. Residues (ppb equivalents of propachlor) from [14C]‐propachlor in the milk from a goat given daily oral doses (1.3 mg of propachlor three times daily for 15 days) plateaued at about 2 to 4 ppb equivalents of propachlor. In goat tissue, residues ranged from 1 ppb (fat) to 20 ppb (liver). Fecal and tissue metabolites were not identified.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
SYNTHESIS OF 6b,11b-DIHYDROXY-12-METHYLPHENYL-11b,12-DIHYDROBENZO[ g ]INDENO[1,2- b ]INDOLE-5,6,7(6b H )-TRIONES AND 2-(3-HYDROXY-4,9-DIOXO-4,9-DIHYDRO-1 H -BENZO[ f ]INDOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDES, THEIR STRUCTURE AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY

Methods of synthesis of 6b,11b-dihydroxy-12-methylphenyl-11b,12-dihydrobenzo[g]indeno[1,2-b]indole-5,6,7(6bH)-triones and 2(3hydroxy-4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydro-1H-benzo[f]indol-2-yl)benzamides are proposed. It was found that 6b,11b-dihydroxy-12-(3-methylphenyl)-11b,12-dihydrobenzo[g]indeno[1,2-b]indole-5,6,7(6bH)-trione exists as two stereoisomers. The antiproliferative activity of 6b,11b-dihydroxy-12-methylphenyl-11b,12-dihydrobenzo[g]indeno[1,2-b]indole-5,6,7(6bH)-triones and 2-(3-hydroxy-4,9-dioxo-4,9dihydro-1H-benzo[f]indol-2-yl)benzamides against human tumor and nontumor cells along with the features of their structures that are important for the manifestation of this activity has been established.

Field of study: Chemistry
Paleobiogeography of the Danian molluscan assemblages of Patagonia (Argentina)

A detailed quantitative analysis of bivalves and gastropods reported from Danian marine rocks of Patagonia (Argentina) allowed the identification of three molluscan biogeographic units that, from north to south, are identified as the Rocaguelian, Salamancan, and Dorotean Bioprovinces. Molluscan assemblages comprise Cosmopolitan, Paleoaustral, Gulf Coastal Plain and Endemic genera, which collectively give this fauna a distinctive signature, preventing them to be considered as related to any other assemblages recorded in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Results obtained through the present research support the idea that the Weddellian Province did not extend to Patagonia during Danian times, proving that the geographic isolation of this region during that interval was enough to allow the development of separate biogeographic units from other austral regions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that, although significant even in northern Patagonia, Paleoaustral taxa were not dominant elements of Danian faunas. Composition of the molluscan faunas reflects the presence of warm-temperate waters in the region, and records a latitudinal temperature trend with slightly higher values in northern Patagonia than in the south. In addition, a discussion of the age of the Paleocene faunas has been incorporated. The assemblages contained in the Dorotea formation (Austral Basin), Lefipan and Roca formations (Canadon Asfalto Basin), and Salamanca formation (Canadon Asfalto and Golfo San Jorge basins) have been placed in the early Danian, based on the correlation with the accurately dated molluscan faunas of the Roca formation exposed in the Neuquina–Colorado Basin, and that of the Sobral and Lopez de Bertodano formations (Antarctica).

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Constraining the range of Yukawa gravity interaction from S2 star orbits

We consider possible signatures for Yukawa gravity within the Galactic Central Parsec, based on our analysis of the S2 star orbital precession around the massive compact dark object at the Galactic Centre, and on the comparisons between the simulated orbits in Yukawa gravity and two independent sets of observations. Our simulations resulted in strong constraints on the range of Yukawa interaction Λ and showed that its most probable value in the case of S2 star is around 5000 - 7000 AU. At the same time, we were not able to obtain reliable constrains on the universal constant δ of Yukawa gravity, because the current observations of S2 star indicated that it may be highly correlated with parameter Λ in the range (0 2 they are not correlated. However, the same universal constant which was successfully applied to clusters of galaxies and rotation curves of spiral galaxies (δ = 1/3) also gives a satisfactory agreement with the observed orbital precession of the S2 star, and in that case the most probable value for the scale parameter is Λ ≈ 3000±1500 AU. Also, the Yukawa gravity potential induces precession of S2 star orbit in the same direction as General Relativity for δ > 0 and for δ < −1, and in the opposite direction for −1 < δ < 0. The future observations with advanced facilities, such as GRAVITY or/and European Extremely Large Telescope, are needed in order to verify these claims.

Field of study: Physics
Cloning of HCV envelop region of different genotype and analysis of their hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity

To study gene variation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope region isolated from different genotypes (1a, 1b, 2a, 2c, 3a).  Genes of the envelope region (1300 1870nt) of different genotypes of HCV were cloned, sequenced and analyzed.  The sequences of different HCV genome was not identical. The homology of the nucleotide sequences of different HCV clones isolated from the same sample was more than 99.2%, with the amino acid more than 99.9%. The homology of the nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the same subtype was more than 80%, whereas 63.9% 75.0% and 64.9% 72.8% for the homology of the nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the same type. The homology of the nucleotides sequences of different HCV types was 59.4% 67.0%, and 56.5% 66.3% for amino acid. Some amino acids among the sequences of different genotypes were relatively conservative. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the HVR region among different genotypes were less variable than that of its downstream gene.  Gene variation of HCV envelope region may have some regular patterns.

Field of study: Biology
Iterative and sequential algorithms for multisensor signal enhancement

In problems of enhancing a desired signal in the presence of noise, multiple sensor measurements will typically have components from both the signal and the noise sources. When the systems that couple the signal and the noise to the sensors are unknown, the problem becomes one of joint signal estimation and system identification. The authors specifically consider the two-sensor signal enhancement problem in which the desired signal is modeled as a Gaussian autoregressive (AR) process, the noise is modeled as a white Gaussian process, and the coupling systems are modeled as linear time-invariant finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The main approach consists of modeling the observed signals as outputs of a stochastic dynamic linear system, and the authors apply the estimate-maximize (EM) algorithm for jointly estimating the desired signal, the coupling systems, and the unknown signal and noise spectral parameters. The resulting algorithm can be viewed as the time-domain version of the frequency-domain approach of Feder et al. (1989), where instead of the noncausal frequency-domain Wiener filter, the Kalman smoother is used. This approach leads naturally to a sequential/adaptive algorithm by replacing the Kalman smoother with the Kalman filter, and in place of successive iterations on each data block, the algorithm proceeds sequentially through the data with exponential weighting applied to allow adaption to nonstationary changes in the structure of the data. A computationally efficient implementation of the algorithm is developed. An expression for the log-likelihood gradient based on the Kalman smoother/filter output is also developed and used to incorporate efficient gradient-based algorithms in the estimation process.

Field of study: Engineering
Consensual Sadomasochistic Sex (BDSM): The Roots, the Risks, and the Distinctions Between BDSM and Violence

When practiced consensually, sadomasochistic sex is being increasingly accepted as an alternative sexuality. Here I suggest the possible evolutionary roots of the preferences, draw distinctions between violent, abusive and “healthy” practitioners’ partnership, provide clear behavioural markers of the respective situations, and underline some specific problems connected to this sexual preference. Some of the problems are well-known in the community of its practitioners, although they have not yet been described in medical nor scientific sources.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A study of tactics of entire team in modern football

The core of the entire-team-type football is offence and defense of the entire team, which represents the orientation of todays football tactics development. This paper attempts to, with the help of modern football theories, have an insight into the concept and implications and essential characteristics of this football tactics, and to examine how this type of football tactics came into being and developed itself, in order to find out some guiding rules for its development and sum up experiences for Chinese football training in the future.

Field of study: Education
[The interhemispheric asymmetry in normalcy and pathology].

The article reviews various issues of the interhemispheric asymmetry in normal people in the context of ontogenetic, morphological, neurobiochemical and functional aspects. The significance of this phenomenon in different pathological states of the central nervous system (CNS) is highlighted. Special attention is drawn to the dysfunction of the right and left hemispheres and interhemispheric interactions in normalcy and CNS pathology.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Reading for the Body: The Recalcitrant Materiality of Southern Fiction, 1893–1985 by Jay Watson (review)

ity. However, it might have been useful to establish this framework sooner; doing so would have provided a more solid foundation for Franco's extended meditation on the place—or absence—of ethics in discourses of race and rights. Further, by more fully articulating his own definition of terms like a "positive ethics of human care" and "responsibility," Franco would likely have enriched our understanding of his argument that in Shteyngart's Absurdistan, "all ethical impulses are corrupt from the start" (171). If the Kushner and Shteyngart chapters leave readers wanting a clearer understanding of Franconian ethics, the epilogue leaves little doubt as to how Franco sees his work advancing the cause of rights and recognition across ethnic and cultural divisions. The book closes with an account of Harriet Rochlin, whose recollections of life in mid-century Los Angeles provide an important example of crosscultural recognition and cooperation in action. Although pessimistic that we can return to the halcyon community of Rochlin's heyday, Franco expresses hope that academia might provide a substitute site on which "the cooperative multiracial spirit" might be rekindled (205). The conclusion of the book, then, is a call to action and, more specifically, an enjoinder to Jewish American scholars to "advance a broad social understanding of how we narrate difference in the United States" (207). It is this call for an "ethics of intervention" that makes Franco's contribution such a valuable one.

Field of study: Art
Assessing the completeness of bryophytes inventories: an oceanic island as a case study (Terceira, Azorean archipelago)

How useful, complete or unbiased are comprehensive databases in order to provide reliable estimations of diversity? Using compiled data from bryophytes in Terceira Island (Azores), we specifically aim (1) to describe the register of species over time, (2) to assess the inventory completeness, i.e., the ratio between the observed and the maximum expected species, and (3) to locate the most promising areas for further surveys. First, each new recorded species was plotted against its collecting year, using the number of database-records as a surrogate of survey effort, to get the accumulation curves. These curves were then extrapolated to obtain the theoretical number of existing species according to Clench and exponential models. Spatial and habitat characteristics of the recorded taxa were also explored. Our results show an increasing trend in the rate of recorded species (c. five species per year), as well as a maximum of around a third of the theoretically “real” number of expected species that could yet remain unknown. Nevertheless, predictions of species richness were highly variable depending on the fitting curve used. Survey effort was similar between liverworts and mosses, as were inventory completeness values, but the rate of new recorded species was higher for mosses. Although bryologists visited preferably native habitats, we show that new species citations may also be found in modified habitats (e.g., exotic forests and semi-natural grasslands). We conclude that the analysis of extensive databases is a useful tool in revealing the recording and taxonomic gaps, further showing that bryophyte inventories could still be incomplete in Terceira Island. A strategy on how to improve species’ collections in remote areas is suggested, hoping to contribute to all-inclusive biodiversity studies in the Azores and elsewhere.

Field of study: Environmental science