nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement to Quick Attribution Reduction Algorithm

The attribute reduction is an important operation of decision table information system. Currently the most efficient algorithm is Xu Zhang Yan's RedueBaseSig algorithm,its time complications is max{O(|C||U|),O(|C|2|U|)}. However,in some cases,the algorithm is not obtained reduction. In the paper,we analyze the limitation of the Xu Zhang Yan's algorithm and propose an improvement to quick attribution reduction algorithm. The algorithm optimizes the method of the equivalence partition and computing positive region,uses core attributes as the initial reduction sets,and adds the most important condition attribute into the reduction sets. The time complexity of the improved algorithm is O(|C|2|U|) in the worst case. The experimental results show that the algorithm is correct and efficient.

Field of study: Computer science
Control of Camellia plant extracts and its preparation against plant parasitic nematodes

For the aim of screening nematicidal materials,Bursaphelenchus xyluplilus and Meloidogyne incognita were used as target in vitro bioassay to determined nematicidal activity of oil-tea cake and other plant materials;further control effects of tea-saponin preparations and oil-tea cake were assessed against root-knot nematode disease in pot experiment and field experiment,respectively.The results showed that plant extracts of oil-tea cake,tea-pericarp,and tea-seed reached strong nematocidal activity,inducing 90,100 and 100% mortality of B.xyluplilus respectively at 10 mg/ml after exposure for 72 h.Plant extracts of oil-tea cake and tea-seed reached medium-strong activity against M.incognita after exposure for 48 h.The effects of plant extracts concentrations on toxicity against B.xyluplilus were observed.The tea-saponin preparations obviously controlled tomato root-knot nematode disease in pot experiment,root gall,and M.incognita juvenile 2(J2) population were reduced;tomato biomass were increased obviously at 30 d after pot-soil treated with 1.5 g and 0.75 g(effective content) tea saponin per 1 kg soil at tomato seedling transplant.Oil-tea cake showed certain effect against root-knot nematode disease in field experiment applied by furrow application one week before Fructus Trichosanthis emergence,and the proliferation of J2 in soil was inhibited significantly 150 d later,while the fruit number and diameter were increased 180 d later after application.This paper reported the pot and field control effects of oil-tea vice products against plant nematodes for the first time.The results provide a basis for directly using oil tea and tea vice-products to the control of crop root-nematode disease.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Analysis of Gender Performance in Physics in Colleges of Education, Nigeria

The paper employed descriptive survey study of male and female performance in physics in four Colleges of Education in Kwara state, Nigeria. One hundred students were sampled for the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed no relationship between male and female performance and male students performed better than female in physics. The paper concluded that Students’ performance in physics in College of Education is no gender bias; however, male students are better in performance than female students. Some recommendations were suggested at the end of the study.

Field of study: Education
Epilepsy as a clinical and neurophysiological problem

: On the basis of both own investigations and publications the next basic aspects of epilepsy were discussed: a) a clinical one--definition of epilepsy, seizures' classification, children's and women's epilepsy, status epilepticus; b) a neurophysiological aspect--epileptic and antiepileptic mechanisms, the significance of slow EEG activity, interhemispheric interactions, influence of the seizures on brain homeostasis.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
PERFORMANCE OF HEATING AND REFRIGERATIONAND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR-POWEREDEVACUATED TUBE ADSORBER

Detailed analyses and simulations of heat transfer have been carried out on an e vacuated tube for solar- powered adsorption refrigerator,including inhomogen eous radiation heat transfer between its inner and outer tubes,two adjacent tubes, tube and back plate,sun light reflection on back plate,etc.A a new cost-effect iveness parameter is applied to analyze the structure parameters,including diam eter of evacuated tube,distance between two adjacent tube centers and the thick ness of adsorbent.Some results are obtained which show that evacuated tubes with a larger diameter can result in a higher temperature and better performance.Whe n the thickness of adsorbent equals to 10?mm and the distance between two adjac ent tube centers equals to 2.5 times the diameter,the best economic p erformance can be obtained.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
On the Immediate Consequences of Intergroup Categorization: Activation of Approach and Avoidance Motor Behavior Toward Ingroup and Outgroup Members

The present research argues that intergroup categorization has immediate behavioral consequences. Specifically, intergroup categorization is hypothesized to prepare the organism to respond differently to ingroup and outgroup members so that approach-like motor movements should be faster toward ingroup- versus outgroup-related stimuli. In contrast, avoidance-like behavior should be facilitated when reacting to outgroup versus ingroup members. Studies 1 and 2 test the basic hypothesis in relation to ethnic, national, age, and political categorization. Study 3 uses a minimal group paradigm to test the hypothesis in relation to newly formed groups. Across these experiments, participants were generally faster in performing approach-like motor movements toward ingroup members or avoidance behaviors toward outgroup members. The evolutionary function and the cognitive underpinnings of this state of “physical readiness” to approach ingroup and avoid outgroup members are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Dissatisfaction and Profile of Dissatisfied Consumers: A Case Study of Mobile Telecommunication Network Consumers in Nigeria

This research paper examined the dissatisfaction of Mobile telecommunication network (MTN) consumers in Nigeria. The researchers used expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) to argue that with high and prolonged consumer dissatisfaction, educated MTN consumers are prone to exit their service chain for other telecom companies. Contrary to MTN’s promises upon entry into the Nigerian telecom market, its consumers have been groaning against substandard services offered to them by MTN. Adequate supply, stability, and maintenance/hitch free services lead to consumer satisfaction, while deficiency of the stated factors aggravates consumers, thus consumer dissatisfaction. This quantitative research utilized a cross-sectional design and adopted a stratified sampling technique to incorporate 385 MTN consumers in Lagos, Nigeria. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for the data analysis. The data set consisted of 58.2% males and 41.8% females. Descriptive statistics found that 43.9% of MTN consumers were highly dissatisfied while 56.1% were lowly dissatisfied. A Chi-square test revealed that only educational level is significantly associated with dissatisfaction among the six selected background variables. Also, logistic regression showed age, educational level, and religion as significant predictors of high dissatisfaction among consumers. Educated consumers tend to sensitize service outcomes more than uneducated ones as a result of their wealth of information. Older (aged) and religious consumers will also evaluate marketing episode critically more than younger and non-religious ones. Results further imply that consumers’ educational level is a catalyst of expectancy disconfirmation theory in service sectors. MTN or similar commercial enterprises should focus on the causes of dissatisfaction and strategize on how to ameliorate the dissatisfaction level among their consumers. Firms should embark on promotional offers and other stimuli activities to regain their consumers’ trust and loyalty; hence, it will extend their market share and dominance.

Field of study: Business
Generation and validation of traces between requirements and architecture based on formal trace semantics

We present an approach for automatic trace generation and validation of traces between requirements and architecture.Requirements relations and architecture verification techniques are used.A trace metamodel is defined with commonly used trace types between requirements and architecture.We use the semantics of traces and requirements relations for generating and validating traces with a tool support.The tool is based on model transformation in ATL and term-rewriting logic in Maude. The size and complexity of software systems make integration of the new/modified requirements to the software system costly and time consuming. The impact of requirements changes on other requirements, design elements and source code should be traced to determine parts of the software to be changed. Considerable research has been devoted to relating requirements and design artifacts with source code. Less attention has been paid to relating requirements (R) with architecture (A) by using well-defined semantics of traces. Traces between R&A might be manually assigned. This is time-consuming, and error prone. Traces might be incomplete and invalid. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic trace generation and validation of traces between requirements (R) and architecture (A). Requirements relations and architecture verification techniques are used. A trace metamodel is defined with commonly used trace types between R&A. We use the semantics of traces and requirements relations for generating and validating traces with a tool support. The tool provides the following: (1) generation and validation of traces by using requirements relations and/or verification of architecture, (2) generation and validation of requirements relations by using traces. The tool is based on model transformation in ATL and term-rewriting logic in Maude.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Nano and Submicron Olivine Synthesized by Hydrothermal Process

Development of cobalt free olivine material as a cathode for lithium ion battery was carried out. Especially, in this study, Mn substituted olivine was synthesized by hydrothermal process. With the reaction conditions, such as hydrothermal reaction temperature and times, the morphology and particle size were variable. Under the optimum synthetic condition, finer olivine particle was obtained by hydrothermal process. In addition, the effect of Mn addition on the microstructure of olivine was investigated.

Field of study: Engineering
Energy and quality of experience aware web browsing for smartphones

In this paper we propose a framework for improving the web browsing experience of users by reducing battery energy consumption and webpage load time, while maintaining the quality of experience for the user. This is made possible through a collaborative protocol between the web server and the web client application that works using HTTP header fields. The innovation herein lies in dynamically creating multiple versions of the webpages that differ in their quality of content and size, and then delivering an appropriate version to the client based on metrics related to the webpage and the user's phone relevant specifications. These metrics include the user's battery consumption profile, user's network speed, the sizes of the different versions of the webpage, and the estimated energy consumption of the versions. We implemented a prototype and validated the system in terms of maintaining the battery profile and enhancing the load time of different webpages. The results indicate that over 50% reduction in power consumption and 80% reduction in speed requirements (and hence download times) can be achieved as a result of switching over to a lower quality version of the webpage that is still in line with the users’ experience.

Field of study: Computer science
Optical transitions and energy relaxation of hot carriers in Si nanocrystals

Dynamics of hot carriers confined in Si nanocrystals is studied theoretically using atomistic tight binding approach. Radiative, Auger-like, and phonon-assisted processes are considered. The Auger-like energy exchange between electrons and holes is found to be the fastest process in the system. However, the energy relaxation of hot electron-hole pair is governed by the single optical phonon emission. For a considerable number of states in small nanocrystals, single-phonon processes are ruled out by energy conservation law.

Field of study: Physics
Périmètre de sécurité et ≪ homeland defense ≫ : Quelles sont les conséquences pour le Canada? Rapport final du table ronde

Depuis quelques années, un climat d'insécurité semble s'être installé aux États‐Unis. Les recent attentats terroristes aux États‐Unis, les attaques virtuelles lancées contre les sites informatiques gouvernementaux, ou encore la poursuite de programmes de développement de missiles et d'armes de destruction massives par des États qui manifestent ouvertement leur hostilité à l'endroit des États‐Unis, sont autant d'événements qui ont nourrit ce sentiment. Des voix s'élèvent pour réclamer qu'une plus grande attention soit accordée à la sécurité du territoire, des infrastructures et de la population américaines. C'est dans ce contexte qu'a été formulé le concept de Homeland Defense, que l'on traduit en français par ≪ défense de la patrie ≫. Il s'agit d'une approche intégrée pour faire face à une série de menaces de natures diverses qui peuvent se substituer l'une à l'autre et qui sont dirigées contre le territoire américain. Une table ronde sur le thème Périmètre de sécurité et “Homeland Defense” a été organisé le 25 mai 2001. Ce séminaire visait deux objectifs. Le premier était d'échanger de l'information et, surtout, de stimuler un débat parmi les chercheurs et la société civile canadienne. Le second objectif était d'entamer une réflexion sur les avenues qui s'offrent au gouvernement canadien en cette matière

Field of study: Political science
Does Cannabis Intake Protect Against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Previous observational studies suggested that cannabis use may be associated with a lower risk for NAFLD but the causal relationship remains unclear. We aim in this study to examine the causal effect of cannabis consumption on the risk of NAFLD using a Mendelian randomization analysis. Clarifying this causal effect is important for cannabis-based drug discovery for NAFLD.  We used data from the largest-to-date GWAS meta-analysis on lifetime use of cannabis (yes or no) consisting of three cohorts [International Cannabis Consortium (ICC), 23andMe, and the UK Biobank] of European ancestry (total N = 184,765). We also used other GWAS data on cannabis use dependence and cannabis use disorder (CUD). The NAFLD GWAS data were generated from the UK Biobank population (1,122 cases and 399,900 controls). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to assess the causal impact of cannabis lifetime use on the risk of NAFLD. We also performed a sensitivity analysis using weighted median estimator and MR-Egger.  There was no statistically significant causal effect between either the lifetime cannabis use, cannabis use dependence or CUD and the risk for NAFLD (p > 0.05 for all tests). No significant pleotropic effect was observed based on both MR-PRESSO global test (p = 0.99) and the modified Q’ statistics. However, the study may be underpowered.  Our results demonstrated no evidence that cannabis consumption has a causal effect of protection against the development of NAFLD.

Field of study: Biology
Interval reinforcement of choice behavior in discrete trials.

Pigeons were trained to peck at red or green keys presented simultaneously in discrete trials. In one experiment, reinforcements were arranged by concurrent variable-interval schedules. The proportion of responses to green approximately matched the proportion of reinforcements produced by pecking green. Detailed analysis of responding revealed a systematic decrease in the probability of switching from green to red within sequences of trials after reinforcement. This trend corresponded to sequential changes in the relative frequency of reinforcement, and not to sequential changes in probability of reinforcement. In a second experiment, reinforcements were scheduled probabilistically every seventh trial. Even though there were no contingencies on pecking during the first six post-reinforcement trials, choices of green on the first response after reinforcement matched the proportion of reinforcements for pecking green. These results extend the generality of overall matching under concurrent reinforcement.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Demonstration of central nervous system tolerance to ethanol in mice: consequent effects on smooth muscle in vitro.

Mice were given ethanol (9 g/kg) or saline (57 ml/kg) daily in three divided doses for periods of 1 and 4 days to study the effects of such ethanol (ETOH) exposure on central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral smooth muscle (vasa deferentia) function. After 1 day, ETOH-treated mice were functionally tolerant to the hypothermic (3 g/kg, intraperitoneal), but not to the hypnotic (3.25 g/kg, intraperitoneal) effect of ETOH. Functional tolerance to both CNS effects of ETOH was demonstrated in mice after the 4-day ETOH exposure. Norepinephrine (NE) and high K+-depolarizing solutions each elicited dose-dependent contractions in the mouse vasa deferens preparation in vitro that consisted of a phasic and tonic component. The tonic components of the NE and K+ responses were more dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ext) than the phasic components. Addition of ETOH (120 to 480 mM) or the Ca2+ channel-antagonist nifedipine (1 X 10(-9) to 3 X 10(-7) M) to the preparation selectively inhibited the tonic component of the NE and K+ responses, suggesting that both agents acted to inhibit the responses by interfering with the translocation of Ca2+ext. Vasa deferentia isolated from ETOH-treated mice did not exhibit altered reactivity to NE in the phasic or tonic component of the response. The isolated smooth muscle from mice centrally tolerant to ETOH did not appear to be tolerant to inhibitory effect of ETOH or cross-tolerant to the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on stimulant-induced contractions.

Field of study: Medicine
Cultural contemplation of "conservatism" inspired by Wushu cultural heritage protection

The author probed into the "cultural conservatism" appearing in the inheritance and protection of Wushu.According to new definitions of "conservation" and "conservatism" at home and abroad,the physical education community should have a new understanding of "conservatism"."Conservation" has such meanings as "protection" and "preservation",therefore,cultural "conservatism" plays a positive role in the protection and inheritance of tradi-tional Wushu,and its merits and faults should be evaluated objectively.

Field of study: Education
Research on the Basic of Hardware Evolution Based on Evolutionary Algorithm

Evolvable hardware is a relatively new term that describes the application of evolutionary to the design and real-time adaptation of a physical structure.Its aim is self-organizing,self-adaptation and self-repairing of a hardware circuit to improve the reliability.Introduces the concept,basic principles and realization of EHW,summarizes the research in the world and discusses the problems of EHW.

Field of study: Computer science
[Syndrome of «delusional fantasies» in the concept of K. Birnbaum].

The author analyzes the features of the syndrome of «delusional fantasies» (delusion-like fantasies) in the concept of K. Birnbaum. According to this concept, psychopathic constitutions, due to the presence in the structure of dissociation, are the basis for the development of delusions per se. «Dreamer» and «vershroben» types are predisposed to the syndrome of «delusional fantasies». It is emphasized that initially the syndrome of «delusional fantasies» was described as a peculiar phasic episode of delusions in psychopaths, aged between 20-30 years. In the current domestic literature, delusion-like fantasies are regarded as non-delusional bizarre fantastic ideas in children and adolescent patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Structural insight into nucleotide recognition by human death-associated protein kinase

The crystal structures of DAPK–ADP–Mg2+ and DAPK–AMP-PNP–Mg2+ complexes were determined at 1.85 and 2.00 Å resolution, respectively. Comparison of the two nucleotide-bound states with apo DAPK revealed localized changes in the glycine-rich loop region that were indicative of a transition from a more open state to a more closed state on binding of the nucleotide substrate and to an intermediate state with the bound nucleotide product.

Field of study: Chemistry
Mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the Baltic Sea and from Svalbard.

The concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and selenium (Se) were determined in liver, kidney and muscle samples from 20 Baltic ringed seals (Phoca hispida botnica) (3-32 years), and from 17 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) (0-20 years) from Svalbard, in the Arctic. The concentrations of Hg and Se were considerably higher in the Baltic ringed seals, but the Cd concentrations lower than in the Svalbard ringed seals. There was no big geographical difference with respect to Pb concentrations. Se and Hg concentrations showed a significant positive correlation in both regions. By comparison with earlier studies on Baltic seals, the metal concentrations have remained at the same level since the 1980s. Of the metals we studied, only the level of Hg in Baltic ringed seals can be considered high (mean 53 mg/kg, range 6.5-124 mg/kg wet wt. for liver), but probably not high enough to cause metal intoxication. No pathological changes associated with metal intoxication were observed in the seals.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis of Microbiological Screen Test Data for Antimicrobial Residues in Food Animals

This study analyzes the National Residue Program (NRP) of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), data for the for the years 1983–1998 to determine the effectiveness of all three microbiological screen tests that were developed and used by the FSIS to control antimicrobial residues in food animals. The Swab Test On Premises (STOP) Sulfonamide Test (CAST) and the Fast Antimicrobial Screen Test (FAST). The data for STOP indicates that during 1983–1998, the rate of food animal carcasses with violative levels of was the first screen test introduced in slaughterhouses, followed by the Calf Antibiotic and surveillance plan, the rate reduced from 55.1% to 0.56%. Similarly, the data for CAST indicates that the rate of calf carcasses with violative levels of antimicrobial residue also declined significantly during those years. Because of its higher sensitivity and shorter analytical time, the use of FAST started in 1995. By 1999, it had replaced the use of STOP and CAST in bovine species. The use of only one test such as FAST instead of different tests has removed confusion for testing different species of food animals and thereby has enhanced the efficiency of the NRP.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences