nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Predictive Power of the Positively versus the Negatively Worded Items of the Life Orientation Test

A self-report measure of dispositional optimism, the Life Orientation Test, was administered to a group of 202 Hong Kong undergraduates. Consistent with prior findings, factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution with all positively worded items loaded on the first factor and all the negatively worded items loaded on the second. Prediction of physical symptom reports from scores on the two subscales was then tested with 85 subjects randomly selected from the original sample. Only the complete test and the subscale defined by the positively phrased items predicted symptom levels concurrently as well as prospectively over 3 wk. The negative subscale suggested by previous research as tapping pessimism rather than dispositional optimism showed no significant correlation with symptom levels. Moreover, when scores of the positive rather than the negative subscale were controlled, the significant correlation between scores on the Life Orientation Test and symptom reports was eliminated. These findings suggested a multidimensional view of the test and that the positive subscale may be sufficient to measure optimism validly. Implications of these for the personality dimensions of positive versus negative affectivity are also discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
WISE Detection of the Circumstellar Disk Associated with 2MASS J0820-8003 in the η Cha Cluster

The Nearby Young Moving Groups (NYMGs) of stars are ideal for the study of the evolution of circumstellar disks in which planets may form because their ages range from a few Myr to {approx}100 Myr, about the same as the interval over which planets are thought to form. Their stars are distributed over large regions of the sky. Hence, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which scanned the entire sky in four bands from 3.4 to 22.1 {mu}m, provides a database well suited for the study of members of the NYMGs, particularly those identified after the eras of the IRAS and Spitzer observatories. Here, we report our study of the stars in the {epsilon} and {eta} Cha, TW Hya, {beta} Pic, Tuc-Hor, and AB Dor NYMGs. The WISE Preliminary Release Source Catalog, which covers 57% of the sky, contains data for 64% of the stars in our search lists. WISE detected the 11.6 and 22.1 {mu}m emission of all the previously known disks except for the coldest one, AU Mic. WISE detected no disks in the Tuc-Hor and AB Dor groups, the two oldest in our sample; the frequency of disks detected by WISE decreases rapidly with the agemore » of the group. WISE detected a circumstellar disk associated with 2M J0820-8003, a pre-main-sequence star with episodic accretion in the {approx}6 Myr old {eta} Cha cluster. The inner radius of the disk extends close to the star, {approx}0.02 AU and its luminosity is about a tenth of that of the star. The episodic accretion is probably powered by the circumstellar disk discussed here.« less

Field of study: Physics
The Research and Application in Microencapsulation of Iodine Agent

A new iodine agent was developed by the microencapsulation of potassium iodide.The principle of preparation, experimental method and feature of the product had been described.It showed the characteristics of higher stability,lower manufacture cost,and higher practice efficiency of iodine agent.The new iodine agent can be in application to iodized salt, food and feed.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Temperature Dependence on the Activation Energy of Dechlorination in Thermal Degradation of Polyvinylchloride

The dechlorination of polyvinylchloride (PVC) powder initially progressed on an apparent zero order reaction, and proceeded in higher dechlorination range by an apparent first order reaction. The apparent activation energies indicate that the rate of the dehydrochlorination is controlled by the chemical reaction at low temperature, but that from 300 to 400°C is controlled by heat transfer rate.

Field of study: Chemistry
Modular $A_l-$ type Lie algebra and Kim's conjecture

We have already seen that $A_l$-type Lie algebras become Park's Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\geq 7$. But we need to specify the proof for this fact when $\chi (H) \neq 0$ for a CSA $H$ and a character $\chi$.

Field of study: Mathematics
The impact of high dietary zinc oxide on the development of the intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.

Weaned piglets were fed diets containing 57 (low) or 2425 (high) mg kg(-1) analytical grade ZnO for a period of 5 weeks. Intestinal contents were sampled in weekly intervals and analyzed for bacterial cell numbers and main bacterial metabolites. The most severe effects of high dietary zinc were observed 1 week after weaning in the stomach and small intestine. Pronounced reductions were observed for Enterobacteriaceae and the Escherichia group as well as for Lactobacillus spp. and for three of five studied Lactobacillus species. The impact of high dietary zinc diminished for enterobacteria with increasing age, but was permanent for Lactobacillus species. Bifidobacteria, enterococci, streptococci, Weissella spp. and Leuconostoc spp. as well as the Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group were not influenced by high dietary zinc throughout the trial. High dietary zinc reduced bacterial metabolite concentrations and increased molar acetate ratios at the expense of propionate in the proximal intestine, but differences diminished in older animals. Lower lactate concentrations were observed in the high dietary zinc group throughout the feeding trial. This study has shown that the application of dietary zinc at high concentrations leads to transient and lasting effects during the development of the intestinal microbiota, affecting composition as well as metabolic activity.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
The Safety Properties of a Potential Kind of Novel Green Primary Explosive: Al/Fe2O3/RDX Nanocomposite

Green primary explosives have gained wide attention for environmental protection. A potential novel lead-free primary explosive, Al/Fe2O3/RDX hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonic mixing, and its safety properties are discussed in detail. Results showed that their sensitivity and safety properties were a function of the specific surface area and proportions of their ingredients. Their impact sensitivity fell and their static discharge, flame, and hot bridge wire sensitivities rose as the specific surface area of nano-Fe2O3 increased. As the amount of Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite was increased, its impact sensitivity fell and its flame sensitivity rose; their static discharge and hot bridge wire sensitivities, however, followed an inverted “U” type change trend and were determined by both the particle size of the ingredients and the resistance of the nanocomposite. Their firing properties in an electric detonator depended on the proportion of the constituents. Thus, green nanoscale primary explosives are appropriate for a range of initiatory applications and can be created by adjusting their specific surface area and the amount of their constituents.

Field of study: Materials science
A hidden curriculum in Japanese EFL textbooks: Gender representation

This study seeks to uncover the hidden curriculum in relation to gender representation in two popular series of contemporary Japanese EFL textbooks. The criteria examined include male-to-female ratios, use of gender-marked and neutral vocabulary, titles of address for women, order of mention, and common attributes and types of activities associated with men and women. Instead of the generally manual methods of analysis employed in many previous studies, corpora and modern software tools are used (frequency counts, collocation, and concordancing analyses via WordSmith tools) in an attempt to investigate whether the Japanese government's attempt to promote a gender-equal society through education in recent years has been put into practice by textbook writers and publishers. The findings reveal common use of gender-neutral vocabulary and the neutral title Ms to address women. However, gender disparities in the forms of female invisibility, male firstness and stereotypical images are still prevalent in the textbooks examined.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
El registro más septentrional de la libélula gigante neotropical Megaloprepus caerulatus (Drury, 1782) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) en el continente Americano

Megaloprepus caerulatus (Drury, 1782) is one of the largest damselfl ies in the world and it is recorded here for the fi rst time in Acomul, state of Hidalgo, Mexico, being this the northernmost record known in the American Continent, which allows us to discuss its current geographic distribution and its taxonomic status. Megaloprepus caerulatus (Drury, 1782) es actualmente la única especie conocida del género. En la mayoría de las medidas corporales es la libélula más grande existente en el mundo (Feindt et al. 2014), con una envergadura alar de más de 190 mm y una longitud total de 89-120 mm (Esquivel 2006; Garrison et al. 2010). La especie ha sido estudiada desde el punto de vista ecológico y conductual en varios hábitats neotropicales (Fincke 1992, 1997). La distribución conocida de M. caerulatus incluye una vasta zona de la región Neotropical que abarca desde Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana y Venezuela en América del Sur (Paulson 1983), todos los países de América Central (Garrison et al. 2010), hasta el sur de México (Paulson & González 1994) en los estados de Chiapas (Montebello), Oaxaca, Veracruz (Reserva de la Biósfera Los Tuxtlas) y Puebla (Zihuateutla) (Cuevas-Yañez 2007). Nunca ha sido encontrada en latitudes altas en la vertiente del Pacífi co Mexicano. Los géneros del Nuevo Mundo Mecistogaster, Microstigma, Pseudostigma, Anomisma y Megaloprepus antes estaban incluidos en la familia Pseudostigmatidae (Garrison et al. 2010), pero con estudios moleculares recientes de redefi nición de las familias de libélulas, se observó que Coenagrionidae era una familia monofi lética : 9 -93, 2018. ISSN 0717-652X Comunicación Breve

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Developmental Records of 500 Nursery School Children

This is a preliminary report of records gathered between December 1943 and Decem ber 1946 in two California nursery schools attended by children of employed mothers. In planning the forms to be used, the aims were two-fold: to understand the children's developmental histories, in order to adapt school procedures where possible to meet their individual needs; and to secure clues at least as to the effects of nursery school experience on personality growth and on family living. To determine what attitudinal changes, if any, take place within the family following a child's enrollment in nursery school seemed particularly urgent. There is considerable evidence that the wartime child care program, financed through Lanham Act funds and parents' fees, not only enabled women to work in war industries, as intended, but also definitely strengthened family relationships in a period of complex strains. As one mother put it, after moving for the third time, "Nursery schools have given our child security. No matter where we are, if we can find a child care center, she feels it is her world. She knows her way around, understands what is expected of her, makes friends." The young father, a pilot in the air corps, emphatically agreed. Today, families are reunited; tension is less in many homes but heightened in others, as the divorce rate mounts and war injuries take their toll. There are still numerous obstacles to the building of strong families. It is no accident that keen interest exists in the whole field of child care and early child hood education?two converging currents which were unceremoniously united in many communities during the war years. Many child care, centers have been closed, but the employment of women has not tapered off to the extent that was frequently predicted. We are told by the former chairman of Cali fornia's Joint Legislative Committee on Pre school and Primary Training1 that such em ployment on the West Coast has remained 50 percent above prewar, and that for every child enrolled in a child care center as of October 1946 there was at least one other waiting to get in. Yet it is said too that there is "tremendous apathy" working against any development along this line, and that the legislators are concerned about the effect of the centers on home and family. California acted, when federal support ended, to con tinue the child care program under the State Department of Education through March 1947 only. It has since been extended to May 30, 1948. That it is a people's program is evident from the widespread and determined support given to each year's legislative cam paign.

Field of study: Education
Respiratory syncytial virus infection influences tight junction integrity

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important risk factor of asthma development and is responsible for severe respiratory tract infections. However, the influence of RSV infection on barrier function of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of RSV in tight junction (TJ) regulation and to compare epithelial integrity between asthmatic and healthy individuals upon RSV infection. Healthy and asthmatic human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were differentiated at air–liquid interface (ALI) and infected with RSV and ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiated RSV. TJ expression and their integrity were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), transepithelial resistance (TER) and paracellular flux. To determine the effect in vivo, BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with RSV or UV‐irradiated RSV A2. Bronchoalveolar lavage and TJ integrity were analysed on days 1, 2, 4 and 6 post‐infection by qPCR, bioplex and confocal microscopy. RSV increased barrier integrity in ALI cultures of HBEC from healthy subjects, but no effect was found in HBECs from asthmatics. This was not associated with an increase in TJ mRNA expression. In vivo, RSV induced lung inflammation in mice and down‐regulated claudin‐1 and occludin mRNA expression in whole lungs. Surprisingly, RSV infection was not observed in bronchial epithelial cells, but was found in the lung parenchyma. Decreased expression of occludin upon RSV infection was visible in mouse bronchial epithelial cells in confocal microscopy. However, there was no regulation of claudin‐1 and claudin‐7 at protein level.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Genomic damage in chronic renal failure--potential therapeutic interventions.

In end-stage renal failure, genomic damage is enhanced. This has been shown both in the predialysis and dialysis phase by various biomarkers, such as micronuclei frequency and single cell gel electrophoresis in lymphocytes as well as with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in leukocytes. There are also data about mitochondrial DNA deletions and chromosomal abnormalities. Genomic damage may be induced by a multitude of toxic factors and mutagens, in particular via enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. In in vitro studies, incubation of tubular cells with various AGEs (carboxymethyllysine-BSA, AGE-BSA, and methylglyoxal-BSA) and angiotensin II resulted in a marked DNA damage. Coincubation with various antioxidants as well as the angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan, suppressed the toxic action. Moreover, an improved uremic state by daily hemodialysis ameliorated the genomic damage in lymphocytes, as compared to patients on conventional hemodialysis.

Field of study: Medicine
Multiple regression, longitudinal data and welfare in the 19th century: reflections on Yule (1899)

The paper that G. U. Yule read to the Royal Statistical Society in 1899 is, by virtue of its application of multiple regression to observational data, a landmark in social statistics. It is also an illustration of the value of relating a change in an explanatory variable to a change in the response when wishing to draw causal conclusions. This paper returns to Yule's data and analysis from a 21stâ€ century perspective. A range of multilevel and fixed effects models are fitted to the reconstructed data set and his conclusions are reâ€ examined. The social and political contexts of Yule's work are also considered.

Field of study: Mathematics
Dual reactivity in 1,2-disubstituted dihydro-N-heteroaromatic systems. 12. Aromatization of 1-substituted-2-(indol-3-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinolines with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

As the electron-acceptor properties of the N-substituents in 1-R-2-(indol-3-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinolines decrease, their ability to undergo heterolysis of the internuclear C-C bond to give ion pairs of 1-R-quinolinium cations and indole anions decreases. Reaction of these ion pairs with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene gives salts of 1-R-quinolinium cations and the 1-(indol-3-yl)-2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadiene anion. With undissociated dihydroquinolines, aromatization under similar conditions gives salts of 1-R-2(indol-3-yl)quinolinium cations and the 1,1-dihydro-2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadiene anion.

Field of study: Chemistry
Correlation of Permian and Triassic deformations in the western Great Basin and eastern Sierra Nevada: Evidence from the northern Inyo Mountains near Tinemaha Reservoir, east-central California

Geologic relationships exposed near Tinemaha Reservoir southeast of Big Pine, east-central California, provide key chronological and structural constraints for linking Permian and Triassic deformational events recognized in the White and Inyo Mountains in the western Great Basin with those in the eastern Sierra Nevada, particularly the Mount Morrison and Saddlebag Lake pendants. Permian to earliest Triassic deformation in the Tinemaha Reservoir area produced a large north- to northwest-trending, east-vergent, originally recumbent syncline (Mule Spring syncline) cut by an overriding thrust (Strange Hill thrust). We correlate this deformation with a middle Permian to earliest Triassic contractional deformation recognized in the southern Inyo Mountains, and with a major episode of folding and thrust faulting in the eastern Sierra Nevada. After a period of tectonic quiescence and marine sedimentation in the Early Triassic, rocks in the Tinemaha Reservoir area were refolded twice, producing distinctive sets of steeply plunging folds. Similar structures in the Mount Morrison pendant that formed prior to intrusion of a 225 ± 16 Ma dike along the Laurel-Convict fault are correlated with those in the Tinemaha Reservoir area. The timing of these folding events may be similar to that of displacement on the Golconda and/or Lundy Canyon thrusts in the Saddlebag Lake pendant. Close structural and stratigraphic ties suggest that rocks in the northeastern part of the Mount Morrison pendant and Tinemaha Reservoir area, now separated by ∼65 km of dextral displacement along the cryptic Tinemaha fault, originally lay adjacent to one another. This offset postdates Triassic folding and is inferred to predate emplacement of the latest Triassic Wheeler Crest Granodiorite, which crops out across the projected fault trace.

Field of study: Geology
The Compliance of Birzeit University Toward Green Economy Culture Through Students’ Perspective and Attitude in Light of University of Indonesia’s World Green Metric (UIWGM)

The sustainable development concept is currently considered as a lifestyle for universities to compete with each other on global ranking metrics such as the University of Indonesia’s World Green Metric (UIWGM). In 2018, Birzeit University was ranked first in Palestine because of its efforts in improving green operations for the current and upcoming future. Due to the fact that the human source is considered the main key in sustainable development, it has been decided to interview 30 students to measure how aware they are toward the universities’ Green Economy and analyzing their attitude toward the issue. This research examines the awareness of students at Birzeit University toward Green Economy (Green operation) and their compliance toward it.  The theoretical part was constructed on the sustainable development method and how the integrated relationship between Green Economy and education can enhance the behavioral and academic career. With the use of observation and analysis, 30 interviews were conducted with students to measure their understanding of the Green Economy concept, along with their satisfactions on some major functions the university provides like cooling and heating systems, clean-environment transportation tools. It has been managed to provide some recommendations to follow to keep the university competing with the other Palestinian and international universities on the UI World Green Metric ranking.  Sustainable Development, Green Economy, Birzeit University, Enhancement, UIWGM, Environmental Education DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-3-09 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Field of study: Education
Observing particle clusters with energies above tens of GeV in a flux of cosmic rays by means of neutron monitors

Neutron monitors at the Baksan, Moscow, Apatity, and Barentsburg stations are equipped with a unique high-speed registration system that registers the arrival of a pulse with an error of about 1 μs. Analysis of data obtained using the neutron monitors reveals the presence of isolated particle clusters in the flux of high-energy (above tens of GeV) cosmic ray particles. The clusters are known as transients. The neutron monitors detect brief surges of density in the high-energy particle flux. Each surge lasts 20–40 s. The flux density inside the transients is about twice the average level. The transients are isolated by dips that are brief 200–300% drops in the particle flux density, observed in front of and behind each one. It is assumed that a transient is a brief local surge in particle flux density during cosmic ray diffusion and scattering in the interplanetary magnetic field.

Field of study: Physics
Structure of a periplasmic domain of the EpsAB fusion protein of the Vibrio vulnificus type II secretion system.

Vibrio vulnificus utilizes the type II secretion system (T2SS), culminating in a megadalton outer membrane complex called the secretin, to translocate extracellular proteins from the periplasmic space across the outer membrane. In Aeromonas hydrophila, the general secretion pathway proteins ExeA and ExeB form an inner membrane complex which interacts with peptidoglycan and is required for the assembly of the secretin composed of ExeD. In V. vulnificus, these two proteins are fused into one protein, EpsAB. Here, the crystal structure of a periplasmic domain of EpsAB (amino acids 333-584) solved by SAD phasing is presented. The crystals belonged to space group C2 and diffracted to 1.55 Å resolution.

Field of study: Chemistry