nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes associated with anti-coagulant therapy in patients with renal infarction

Patients with renal infarction are vulnerable to thromboembolic complications with poor outcomes. There is limited report concerning the effect of anti-coagulant therapy in this population.



To assess the impact of anti-coagulant therapy on outcomes in patients with renal infarction.



A retrospective cohort study of 101 renal infarction patients was conducted.



The association between anti-coagulant therapy, all-cause mortality, thromboembolic complications and renal outcome was evaluated. Demographic data and comorbidities were collected for analysis. Anti-coagulant therapy was treated as a time-dependent variable. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multi-variate Cox proportional hazards models.



Fifty-seven (56.4%) patients with renal infarction received anti-coagulant therapy during the study period. The all-cause mortality rate was 7.56 per 100 patient-years. Age (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08) was a risk factor for all-cause mortality and anti-coagulant therapy was associated with a 92% improved survival (HR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02-0.34). Twelve (11.9%) thromboembolic events occurred following renal infarction. Current smoking (HR 10.37, 95% CI 1.60-67.43) had an adverse effect and anti-coagulant therapy (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.73) had a significant protective impact on thromboembolic complications. There was no significant association between anti-coagulant therapy and long-term renal outcome in renal infarction patients including the monthly change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the incidence of eGFR reduction of more than 50% and end-stage renal disease.



Anti-coagulant therapy in patients with renal infarction was associated with better survival and reduced thromboembolic complications.

Field of study: Medicine
Turning the nuclear energy density functional method into a proper effective field theory: reflections

Nuclear energy density functionals (EDFs) have a long history of success in reproducing properties of nuclei across the table of the nuclides. They capture quantitatively the emergent features of bound nuclei, such as nuclear saturation and pairing, yet greater accuracy and improved uncertainty quantification are actively sought. Implementations of phenomenological EDFs are suggestive of effective field-theory (EFT) formulations and there are hints of an underlying power counting. Multiple paths are possible in trying to turn the nuclear EDF method into a proper EFT. I comment on the current situation and speculate on how to proceed using an effective action formulation.

Field of study: Physics
Princes and Princely Culture 1450-1650 (review)

interpreted English court festival. Part 5, “The Performance of Festival Music: Theatre and Event,” attempts to recreate the acoustic world of the festival in the frequent absence of printed scores and other documentary evidence. Ian Fenlon investigates the 1574 funeral of Cosimo I, demonstrating how the Florentines created a new tradition and mounted obsequies of unprecedented magnificence. Nicoletta Guidobaldi continues the reconstruction of the rich acoustic dimension of Italian festivals and interprets two well-known paintings by Domenico Morone against the backdrop of Milanese festivals ca. 1490. While Dinko Fabris focuses on urban sacred and secular festivals in Spanish Naples 1555–1702, Flora Dennis’s study examines musical aspects of five tournaments from Ferrara. Roger Savage presents an overview of spectacles within Shakespeare’s plays and of treatises on acting and stagecraft ca. 1600. With the emphasis on music and Italian festivals in this section, the absence of any mention of the readily available University of Illinois dissertation, “Ducal Patronage of Music in Mantua, 1587–1627: An Archival Study” (1989), by Susan Parisi is striking. Part 6, “Festival and Architecture,” a recurring theme throughout the volume, receives special attention in Peter Davidson’s essay recreating the physical world of the entry of Federigo Ubaldo della Rovere and Claudia de’ Medici into Urbino in 1621. Maximilian Tondro’s essay focuses on the triumphal arches erected for the entry of the dogaressa into Venice in 1557. Marina Dmitrieva-Einhorn concludes the volume with an overview of ephemeral architecture in Prague, Vienna, and Cracow. Her article, unfortunately, does not reflect the considerable Danish research, much of it in English, on Melchior Lorch (Lorck). While the volume of essays functions well as a cohesive unit offering much useful information on Italian, French, and English festivals, it is unfortunate that the editors did not exploit the rich opportunities of the EURESCO conference and include essays on understudied areas of festival in Scandinavia (Allen Ellenius), Germany and Austria (Claudia Schnitzer, Veronika Sandbichler), and Eastern Europe (Aaron Petneki, Almut Bues, Karin Friedrich), for example. By failing to present new areas of research, the volume reinforces the outdated notion that Northern and Central Europe are peripheral and therefore unimportant to the Renaissance enterprise and that Renaissance festivals flourished only in Italy, France, and England.  University of Illinois, Urbana

Field of study: History
Influence of ultrasound on pool boiling heat transfer to mixtures of the refrigerants R23 and R134A

The effect of ultrasound on pool boiling heat transfer to mixtures of the refrigerants R23 and R134a has been investigated in a wide range of heat flux and saturation pressure. The enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient, which can be achieved by ultrasound, is much more pronounced for mixtures than for pure substances. It is, however, limited to rather small heat fluxes (q < 10 kW m−2). Especially remarkable is the fact, that the maximum influence of ultrasound on the heat transfer coefficient of the mixtures occurs at medium saturation pressures (ppc ≈ 0.2); the effect is markedly less for higher and for lower saturation pressures. Obviously, the improvement of the heat transfer to mixtures is mainly caused by a decrease of the local saturation temperature near the heating wall, due to a better mixing in the liquid boundary. This explanation is supported by evaluating important parameters of bubble formation from high-speed photographs of the heating surface. It is further noticeable, that the well known hysteresis effect at the beginning of pool boiling is reduced to a great extent by exposure to ultrasound.

Field of study: Engineering
Bayesian inference and prediction of the Pareto distribution based on ordered ranked set sampling

In this paper, order statistics from independent and non identically distributed random variables is used to obtain ordered ranked set sampling (ORSS). Bayesian inference of unknown parameters under a squared error loss function of the Pareto distribution is determined. We compute the minimum posterior expected loss (the posterior risk) of the derived estimates and compare them with those based on the corresponding simple random sample (SRS) to assess the efficiency of the obtained estimates. Two-sample Bayesian prediction for future observations is introduced by using SRS and ORSS for one- and m-cycle. A simulation study and real data are applied to show the proposed results.

Field of study: Mathematics
Fingerprint frequency normalisation and enhancement using two-dimensional short-time Fourier transform analysis

A fingerprint image with non-uniform ridge frequencies can be considered as a two-dimensional dynamic signal. A non-uniform stress on the sensing area applied during fingerprint acquisition may result in a non-linear distortion that disturbs the local frequency of ridges adversely affecting the matching performance. This study presents a new approach based on Short time Fourier transform analysis and local adaptive contextual filtering for frequency distortion removal and enhancement. In the proposed approach, the fingerprint image is divided into sub-images to determine local dominant frequency and orientation. Gaussian Directional band pass filtering is then adaptively applied in frequency domain. These filtered sub-images are then combined in spatial domain using a novel technique to obtain the enhanced fingerprint image of high ridge quality and uniform inter-ridge distance. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed enhancement technique as compared to other well-known contextual filtering based enhancement techniques reported in the literature.

Field of study: Computer science
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Transformation of the near radiation field of semiconductor lasers by a multimode rectangular waveguide

A report is given of theoretical calculations and of an experimental demonstration of transformation of twodimensional amplitude-phase distributions of a radiation field generated by a single semiconductor injection laser or an array of such lasers. This transformation is performed by a rectangular waveguide with transverse dimensions which are large compared with the radiation wavelength. Consideration is given to ways of constructing two-dimensional light-emitting arrays of semiconductor lasers (both oscillators and amplifiers) with a coherent interaction of the fields.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
How Different Can Strategic Models Be

This paper shows that the dynamic implications of strategic behavior can differ remarkably from those obtained under first-best or "competitive" solutions. We employ the framework of common-property resource models, whose first-best version is the familiar neoclassical growth paradigm. As is well known, Markovian first-best solutions always exist here and imply very regular dynamic behavior (viz., state trajectories are monotone, and converge to the "golden rule"). In the corresponding dynamic game, however, we find that the analog of these solutions, Markov Perfect Equilibria, need not exist; when they do exist, their trajectories could be very complex; and, even if monotone trajectories result, their limit points could be very non-intuitive. Journal of Economic Literature

Field of study: Economics
[Insomnia and sleep-related breathing disturbances are the new risk factors for ischemic stroke].

: Нарушения сна оказывают негативное влияние на жизнедеятельность человека, включая как психическую, так и соматическую сферы. Большое количество клинических исследований продемонстрировало увеличение риска развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии, в частности ишемического инсульта, у пациентов, страдающих инсомнией или нарушениями дыхания во сне. Данные нарушения наиболее распространены в структуре всех расстройств сна. Из расстройств дыхания во сне наиболее клинически важным является синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС). Выявлен ряд патофизиологических механизмов, которые могут обусловливать отрицательное влияние нарушений сна. С целью лечения инсомний применяют как поведенческие техники, включающие нормализацию гигиены сна, когнитивную терапию, так и медикаментозное лечение. Методом выбора лечения СОАС любой этиологии в настоящее время является вентиляция постоянным положительным давлением.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The Lower Toarcian Serrone Marls (Northern Apennines, Italy): A 3.5 Myr record of marl deposition in the aftermath of the T-OAE

The early Toarcian sedimentary record is frequently characterized by the occurrence of marls, shales, and organic rich facies comprising the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE), which are broadly synchronous to the emplacement of the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province (LIP) with a main pulse at ~181.7 Ma. Here we describe the chronology and rock magnetic properties of the early Toarcian Marne del Serrone Formation (Serrone Marls) from the Monte Serrone section in the Northern Apennines of Italy, and interpret them as reflecting the local environmental response to the transient CO2 rise and accelerated hydrological cycle most likely induced by the emplacement of the Karoo-Ferrar LIP. The studied 62 m-thick section is characterized by a succession of micritic limestones and marls, interrupted by a few slumps, and contains a record of the T-OAE represented by posidonia beds and a ~40 cm-thick black shale interval. The age of the section has been constrained using magnetostratigraphy and ammonite biostratigraphy to the Spinatum to Variabilis zones. Rock-magnetic properties have been used to characterize fluctuations in the magnetite and hematite input throughout the section. Spectral analysis of continuous IRM2.5T and IRM0.1T/IRM2.5T records indicates a duration of the studied marly interval of ca. 3.5 Myr, regarded as a first-order estimate of the duration of the response of the environmental system (hydrological cycle) to the transient climate perturbation triggered by the emplacement of the Karoo-Ferrar LIP, and a duration of the Bifrons zone of ca. 3.4 Myr.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Establishment of Employment Relation Management Based on Employability

With the development of economic globalization and knowledge economic age, the traditional employment system has been gradually disorganized. How to rebuild relations between enterprises and employees and develop employment relations which can adapt knowledge economic age is an importance science task for the present research of human resource management and a realistic problem which enterprises face. In this article, we analyze the age background that the relational contract based on employee appropriability is transformed to the transactional contract based on employee employability, and discuss the reasons, concept and measures of establishment for employment relations management based on employability.

Field of study: Business
Middle Paleozoic tear faulting, basin development, and basement uplift, central Canadian Arctic

The Boothia Uplift of the central Canadian Arctic Islands, located some 1200 km west of the Caledonian collision zone, is a "Laramide-type" basement-cored uplift that affected Precambrian crystalline basement and lower Paleozoic carbonate platform sequence. The two major segments of the Boothia Uplift, separated by the east-trending Barrow Strait, had different deformational histories. In the southern segment, uplift of the basement began in Late Silurian time, while in the northern segment, there was subsidence and platform drowning.In the northern segment, a thick sedimentary succession, containing numerous potential detachment surfaces, was involved in Early Devonian deformation. Folding of the cover along northerly trends resulted in the longitudinal infilling of two small, synclinal basins in the hanging wall of the uplift. The type of basin fill was dependent on source proximity and was influenced by contemporaneous flexure of the sedimentary cover. The western basin, the Grove Lake basin, received ...

Field of study: Environmental science
Introducing Active Index to the Microbloggers' Ranking

The number of registered and active users in microblogging is growing increasingly high at a staggering rate.At present,because of its locating of targeted users and the need of the website′s developing,monotonous index is widely used as the foundation of microbloggers′ ranking.However,this type of ranking is hard to reflect the microbloggers′ real activity in the service,since the differences between microblogging and other SNS(Social Networking Services).This paper focuses on two types of users′ distributional feature and message propagation in Sina microblogging and Twitter.The model of how to compute the active index of microbloggers is also given.According to the experiments and analyzes,active index is capable of reflecting the characteristics of active microbloggers,which is suitable for the measurement of active microbloggers′ ranking.

Field of study: Computer science
ORIGIN OF THE EDWIN CLAY, IONE, CALIFORNIA

The Edwin clay forms a commercially important deposit 3 miles west of Ione, California. It is a sedimentary clay of the Ione formation of Eocene age. In the type locality the Ione sediments lie in a narrow trough between the Sierra Nevada source rocks on the east and an outlying ridge of greenstone on the west. Investigation of the clay and of accompanying quartz grains shows that the Ione clays are separable into two mineralogical groups, the Cheney Hill clays along the western side of the trough, and the Eastern Ione clays in the center and on the eastern side. Detailed studies of inclusions in the quartz grains place the Edwin clay in the Cheney Hill group, although it contains less quartz than other clays of this type. Electron micrographs, X-ray-and electron-diffraction patterns, chemical analyses, differential thermal analyses, firing tests, and fluorescent tests with morin dye show that the Edwin clay consists of kaolinite with appreciable amounts of gibbsite, hematite, and authigenic anatase, in addition to quartz grains and a suite of heavy minerals. The rocks of the Sierra Nevada provided the clay, quartz, and heavy minerals. Ferruginous laterite, residual upon the greenstone, furnished the gibbsite and hematite. Much of the hematite stain in the clay was removed by organic solutions produced under stagnant-water conditions. The presence of CO 2 in the solutions caused much of the iron to be precipitated in the lower part of the clay as siderite.

Field of study: Geology
Los nobles ante la muerte en Mexico: Actitudes, ceremonias y memoria, 1750-1850 (review)

Inspired by the research of historians such as Michel Vovelle and Philippe Ariès, this work on the nobility in a crucial period in Mexican history paints on a broader canvas than its title suggests. Far more than a study of the ceremonies for and attitudes toward death, the book consists of data and analysis about the origins, lifestyle, and economic activities of the nobility and as well as a careful study of the choices they made about marriage, naming their children, and inheritance. Historians of the social life of Mexico will be indebted to this almost encyclopedic work about a group of men and women who have left a paper trail about their activities. Zàrate has also made excellent use of the work of her predecessors in the field.

Field of study: History
The robustness of response surface designs with errors in factor levels

ABSRTACT Since errors in factor levels affect the traditional statistical properties of response surface designs, an important question to consider is robustness of design to errors. However, when the actual design could be observed in the experimental settings, its optimality and prediction are of interest. Various numerical and graphical methods are useful tools for understanding the behavior of the designs. The D- and G-efficiencies and the fraction of design space plot are adapted to assess second-order response surface designs where the predictor variables are disturbed by a random error. Our study shows that the D-efficiencies of the competing designs are considerably low for big variance of the error, while the G-efficiencies are quite good. Fraction of design space plots display the distribution of the scaled prediction variance through the design space with and without errors in factor levels. The robustness of experimental designs against factor errors is explored through comparative study. The construction and use of the D- and G-efficiencies and the fraction of design space plots are demonstrated with several examples of different designs with errors.

Field of study: Mathematics
Quasi-one-dimensional superconductors in strong magnetic field.

We determine the phase diagram of a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor (weakly coupled chains system with an [ital open] [ital Fermi] [ital surface]) in a magnetic field. The usual Ginzburg-Landau regime is followed, when the field is increased, by a [ital cascade] of superconducting phases separated by first-order transitions, which ends in a strong reentrance of the superconducting phase. These new phases show a novel kind of symmetry of a laminar type. The Zeeman splitting does not completely suppress the reentrance in very strong field, the ground state being in this case a Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell state.

Field of study: Physics
Mowday, Steers and Porter's (1979) Commitment Questionnaire Compared to Cook and Wall's (1980) Commitment Scale

Validation psychometrique de deux echelles d'attitude, le Commitment Questionnaire de Mowday, Steers et Porter et le Commitment Scale de Wall, par la comparaison des resultats ainsi obtenus par des cadets francophones canadiens du College Militaire Royal de Saint Jean

Field of study: Psychology
Vibrio sp. as a potentially important member of the Black Band Disease (BBD) consortium in Favia sp. corals.

Black Band Disease (BBD) is a well-described disease plaguing corals worldwide. It has been established that ecological and environmental stress factors contribute to the appearance and progression of the disease, believed to be caused by a diverse microbial consortium. We have identified and characterized Vibrio sp. associated with BBD in Eilat reef corals using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. Direct sampling using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed seasonal dynamics in the diversity of BBD-associated Vibrios. In the two sampling periods, BBD-associated Vibrio clones showed similarities to different groups: October samples were similar to known pathogens, while December samples were similar to general aquatic Vibrio sp. Cultured bacterial isolates of Vibrio sp. were highly homologous (>or=99%) to previously documented BBD-associated bacteria from the Caribbean, Bahamas and Red Seas, and were similar to several known coral pathogens, such as Vibrio coralliilyticus. The proteolytic activity of Vibrio sp., as measured using casein- and azocasein-based assays, directly correlated with temperature elevation and peaked at 26-28 degrees C, with the microorganisms producing more proteases per bacterial cell or increasing the rate of proteolytic activity of the same proteases (potentially metalloproteases). This activity may promote coral tissue necrosis and aid in ensuing progression of the coral BBD.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Childbirth Education: A Consumer's Viewpoint.

This article describes a series of classes for expectant parents and siblings and outlines how differences of opinion by health-care providers in the perinatal period can adversely affect a mother's undertsanding of, and satisfaction with, the birth process. It comments on concepts that family physicians should consider before suggesting prenatal classes to their patients. Family physicians must know what is being taught in prenatal classes, either directly through dialogue with the instructors or indirectly through conversation with their patients. There should be open dialogue between family physicians, expectant couples and childbirth educators in order to ensure supportive co-operation among all parties. Such co-operation will lead to maximum satisfaction with the experience of childbirth.

Field of study: Medicine
Single Crystal Growth of Magnesium Diboride by Using Low Melting Point Alloy Flux

Magnesium diboride crystals were grown with low melting alloy flux. The sample with superconductivity at 38.3 K was prepared in the zinc-magnesium flux and another sample with superconductivity at 34.11 K was prepared in the cadmium-magnesium flux. MgB4 was found in both samples, and MgB4's magnetization curve being above zero line had not superconductivity. Magnesium diboride prepared by these two methods is all flaky and irregular shape and low quality of single crystal. However, these two metals should be the optional flux for magnesium diboride crystal growth. The study of single crystal growth is very helpful for the future applications.

Field of study: Physics