nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DRIFTS study of ammonia activation over CaO and sulfated CaO for NO reduction by NH3.

CaO catalyzes NH(3) oxidation, while sulfated CaO catalyzes NO reduction by NH(3) in the presence of O(2), and the adsorption and transformation of ammonia over CaO and sulfated CaO has been investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to understand their catalytic mechanism. It has been found that ammonia is first adsorbed over Lewis or Brönsted acid sites, and later undergoes hydrogen abstraction giving rise to either NH(2) amide or NH imide intermediates. The intermediates react with NO or lattice O to produce N(2) or NO. Comparing the DRIFTS of NH(3) adsorption over CaO and sulfated CaO, it is obvious that ammonia adsorbed over CaO is activated mainly in NH form apt to react with surface oxygen to produce NO, while ammonia adsorbed over sulfated CaO is activated mainly in NH(2) form apt to reduce NO. The DRIFTS results agree with experimental data and explain the catalytic mechanisms of CaO and sulfated CaO.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Superiority of Factor Scores as Predictors.

Common factor scores were compared to unfactored data-level variables as predictors in terms of the correlation of a criterion with the predicted value in multiple regression equations applied to replication (cross-validation) samples. Data were generated by computer to provide populations with three different degrees of common variance inherent in their predictor variable intercorrelation matrices. Two replication populations differing from the original by specified amounts in their intercorrelation matrices were created for each common variance level. Results indicated that shrinkage was less for factor scores than for data-level variables for all combinations of common variance and difference of replication population. Moreover, the actual correlation describing accuracy of prediction was higher for factor scores than for data-level variables at the extreme conditions of common variance and difference of replication population.

Field of study: Education
Petrologic Study of Bald Rock Batholith, near Bidwell Bar, California

Compton made a detailed study of the Bald Rock batholith, California, and suggested that the tonalites and granodiorites of the rim of the batholith originated through contamination. He believed that trondhjemite magma, represented by rocks in the core of the batholith, assimilated meta-basaltic country rocks. This paper reports a detailed study of 22 rocks from the batholith, including all the main rock types. Values for Qu, Or, Ab, and An calculated from the modes show that the rocks fall along a trend slightly below the cotectic boundary between quartz and feldspars and directed toward this surface. Compositions calculated from the modes indicate that formation of the tonalites by contamination is possible but requires improbably high proportions of metabasalt xenoliths in the rim of the pluton. Habits of zircons separated from the rocks show a distribution pattern which emphasizes contrasts between trondhjemitic core and granodiorite-tonalite rim of the batholith but does not support the idea of formation of the mantle rocks by contamination. Dimensional zircon data indicate that zircons of the core are unimodal, whereas those of the mantle of the batholith are bimodal. Comparisons with the Bald Mountain batholith, Oregon, demonstrate many similarities, as well as some striking contrasts. Compositional trends of tonalite to granodiorite are different for the two plutons. Zircons are the same throughout the Bald Mountain batholith. The writers conclude that both plutons were emplaced by forceful injection. At Bald Mountain, Oregon, a uniform magma was injected, but at Bald Rock, California, a migma-magma was emplaced. The trondhjemitie core of the Bald Rock batholith was mainly liquid at emplacement, but the tonalite-granodiorite rim consisted of mobile, viscous solid phases with interstitial melt. The liquid line of descent at Bald Mountain, Oregon, was from tonalite to granodiorite and at Bald Rock, California, only from trondhjemite to leucotrondhjemite.

Field of study: Geology
Direct evidence for dynamic broadening of the energy spectra associated with the later steps of an Auger cascade.

Auger cascade decay processes are of critical importance in x-ray-induced biological damage, chemical reactions, and desorption. Here, we report the first measurements of the isolated energy spectra of electrons emitted during the later steps of an Auger cascade process in a solid (MnO). The large widths and energy gains observed in cascade-induced Mn MVV Auger spectra (as compared to the spectra resulting from direct photoexcitation of the M core hole) provide strong evidence that valence holes created in previous cascade steps participate dynamically in later cascade steps.

Field of study: Physics
Timing of the late Jehol Biota: New geochronometric constraints from the Jixi Basin, NE China

Jehol Biota is a world-famous Early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem in East Asia and has revealed exceptionally well–preserved fossils which provide significant insights into the origin and evolution of birds and feathers, and the early diversifications of mammals and angiosperms. After the long-lived controversies over the timing of the biota varying from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in last century, the lifespan of the early-middle Jehol Biota has been precisely dated from Barremian to early Aptian (ca. 131–120 Ma) by a series of recent radiometric analyses. However, few well–constrained ages are available for the late Jehol Biota, hindering our complete understanding of the evolutionary history of the terrestrial ecosystem. Alternating marine and non-marine deposits of the Chengzihe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang have yielded a non-marine bivalve assemblage of the Jehol Biota, basal angiosperms, and Cretaceous marine index bivalves, which collectively offer crucial and indisputable clues against the prevailing Jurassic time of the biota since 1990s. Here we present the first discovery of tephra layers from the Chengzihe Formation, dated by zircon U-Pb geochronology as ca. 116–111 Ma, providing the first quantitative age calibration for the early angiosperms and the Jehol bivalve assemblage. Therefore, we demonstrate that the duration of the Jehol Biota extends to late Aptian–early Albian, approximately 4–9 Myr younger than the currently accepted age limits.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
A knowledge-aid approach for designing high-performance buildings

Today, global warming and the sustained increase in energy prices have led to a quest for energy-efficient buildings among designers and users alike. This has been accompanied by increasingly strict thermal and energy regulations for buildings. In addition to such changes on the energy front, building regulations have also been created or reinforced in other areas, including accessibility, fire safety and seismic risk, alongside the demands of users. The combined effects of these two factors have made building design much more complex. Thus, designers are constantly in search of tools and information that can provide them with ways of designing high-performance buildings for their projects. In response to these needs, we propose an optimization-based, knowledge-aid approach for designing high-performance buildings. This approach is aimed at providing architects and design offices with clear knowledge of their project’s potential (exploration of various options) that will allow them to design the best possible high-performance buildings (in this version of the approach only energy needs and construction cost are assessed). This potential is evaluated by means of the external and internal geometric parameters as well as the energy characteristics of buildings. In this paper, the approach will be applied to an office building in Lyon, France.

Field of study: Engineering
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of P-ZnSe:N using a novel plasma source

We have studied the p-type doping in ZnSe molecular beam epitaxial growth using a novel high-power (5 kW) radio frequency (rf) plasma source. The effect of growth conditions such as the rf power, the Se/Zn flux ratio and the growth temperature on p-ZnSe:N was investigated. The net acceptor concentration (NA—ND) of around 1 × 1018 cm−3 was reproducibly achieved. The activation ratio ((NA—ND)/[N]) of p-ZnSe:N with NA—ND of 1.2 × 1018 cm−3 was found to be as high as 60%, which is the highest value so far obtained for NA—ND ∼ 1018 cm−3. The 4.2K photoluminescence spectra of p-ZnSe:N grown under the optimized growth condition showed well-resolved deep donor-acceptor pair emissions even with high NA—ND.

Field of study: Materials science
The serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene glyA in Corynebacterium glutamicum is controlled by GlyR.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) occupies a central position in one-carbon metabolism, and we here study its regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme quantifications revealed an about 3-fold increase of SHMT activity during exponential growth with a further increase at the onset of the stationary phase. The SHMT encoding glyA gene was shown to be transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA, and its transcriptional start site was determined. Using DNA affinity chromatography the regulator GlyR (Cg0527) was identified and its chromosomal deletion shown to abolish the increase in SHMT activity in the stationary phase. The involvement of GlyR in glyA control was further confirmed by a transcriptional fusion of the glyA promoter with cat and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase quantifications. GlyR was isolated and mutational studies together with electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that it binds to the imperfect palindromic motif CACT-N(2)-AATG in the -119 to -96 upstream region of the glyA promoter. These and further data illustrate that the essential SHMT has highest activity in the stationary phase and that GlyR acts as an activator of glyA transcription in this growth phase.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada

Pedogenic features and geochemical signatures of paleosol profiles exposed in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (HCFm) were studied to reconstruct the ancient environments and climates that prevailed at high latitude (~ 60°N) in the North American Western Interior during the late Campanian to early Maastrichtian. Eight pedotypes representing hydromorphic, moderately-drained and well-drained paleosols were recognized. When considered within their stratigraphic context, these paleosols show that palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes occurred either gradually between major lithological subdivisions of the HCFm or relatively rapidly within subdivisions. Hydromorphic paleosols, predominant in the coal-bearing stratigraphic interval at the base of the HCFm, were gradually replaced by well-drained paleosols in the overlying coal-poor interval. While climate remained warm and humid during this change in soil drainage conditions, mean annual temperature and precipitation dropped rapidly higher in section, shortly prior to the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, without concomitant lithological or pedological changes. A brief return of poorly-drained paleosols in the middle of the HCFm coincides with a regional marine transgression (Drumheller Marine Tongue). Well-drained palaeoenvironments, associated with a warm and dry climate, persisted through the upper part of the HCFm until a gradual return to poorly-drained conditions and to a warm, humid climate occurred at the top of the formation. An important decline in turtle diversity through the HCFm, previously attributed to climate, is shown to coincide instead with changes in soil drainage conditions, where aridity, landscape instability, and migratory barriers possibly acted as secondary limiting factors to faunal recovery.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO E PERFIL DO ESTILO DE VIDA DOS DOCENTES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA - DOI: 10.4025/reveducfis.v19i3.5993

The aim of this study was to verify the level of Quality of Life in Work (QVT) and the Lifestyle profile (EV) of physical education teachers in relation to the regions of Santa Catarina state. The sample was stratified in relation to the state’s regions and to the conglomerates (teaching administrations). It was composed by 580 teachers. Data collection was performed by the instruments PEVI and QVT-PEF. The Multinomial logistic regression analysis and the likelihood ratio test were used for the statistic data analysis (p<0.05). Although most of the state’s teachers claim to be satisfied in terms of QVT, the results highlighted that the teachers from the Grande Florianopolis, Norte and Planalto regions were more unsatisfied concerning the aspects of rewarded earnings, autonomy to use their knowledge at work, and personal relationships within the work environment. It is suggested that such studies might carry on as means to better clarify the interactive processes between teachers and the living conditions of the school’s environment.

Field of study: Education
Intraoperative stimulation techniques for functional pathway preservation and glioma resection.

Although a primary tenet of neurosurgical oncology is that survival can improve with greater tumor resection, this principle must be tempered by the potential for functional loss following a radical removal. Preoperative planning with functional and physiological imaging paradigms, combined with intraoperative strategies such as cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping, can effectively reduce the risks associated with operating in eloquent territory. In addition to identifying critical motor pathways, these techniques can be adapted to identify language function reliably. The authors review the technical nuances of intraoperative mapping for low- and high-grade gliomas, demonstrating their efficacy in optimizing resection even in patients with negative mapping data. Collectively, these surgical strategies represent the cornerstone for operating on gliomas in and around functional pathways.

Field of study: Medicine
IMPACT OF ORBITAL MOTION OF THE ECCENTRIC INNER PIPE ON POWER-LAW FLUID ANNULAR FLOW

Effect of the orbital motion of an eccentric inner pipe on annular laminar flow is investigated numerically, with the inner pipe rotating, the flow being fully-developed laminar and the fluid in power-law type. The results shows that the orbital motion of the inner pipe always has significant influence on the distribution of pressure and shear stress on the surface of the inner pipe. The orbital motion usually causes the reduction of flow resistance, which has relations with the compression to the secondary flow by the orbital motion and also the shear-thinning effect of the power-law fluid. The variation of the flow resistance with the intensity of the orbital motion is not monotonic. At each eccentricity, there exists a critical intensity for the orbital motion, at which the flow resistance is the lowest.

Field of study: Engineering
Application of chromatographic mass spectrometry in the analysis of mixtures of the stereoisomers in the 1,2-dimethyl- and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-4-alkylperhydro-4-quinolol series

It is shown on the basis of a comparison of the mass-spectral data obtained by admission of the individual substances into the ion source through direct introduction and by introduction of mixtures of the stereoisomers through a gas Chromatograph that the Chromatographic mass-spectrometric method can be successfully used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of stereoisomers in the 1,2-dimethyl- and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-4-alkyldecahydro-4-quinolol series.

Field of study: Chemistry
Evidence of proceptive without receptive defeminization in male ferrets.

The latencies of groups of gonadectomized male and female ferrets to approach and interact with a sexually active stimulus male were measured after administration of estradiol benzoate (EB; 0, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg) in adulthood. Receptive responsiveness to stud males was also assessed in these same ferrets during additional tests. Control female ferrets gonadectomized on Postnatal Day 35 displayed a dose-dependent reduction in approach latencies to the stud male which did not occur in control males castrated on Day 35. The approach latencies of males castrated on Postnatal Day 20 or Day 5 were intermediate between these two extremes. Equivalent dose-dependent reductions in approach latencies were observed in groups of ferrets ovariectomized on Day 5 and implanted sc with Silastic capsules containing either no hormone or different doses of testosterone over Postnatal Days 5-20 or 20-35. Equivalent dose-dependent increments in acceptance quotients were obtained in all groups of male and female ferrets following EB treatment. These results suggest that the capacity to display the proceptive, or appetitive, components of feminine sexual behavior is normally reduced in male ferrets as a consequence of the perinatal action of testicular hormones whereas receptive behavioral capacity is retained in males of this species.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Genomic insights into the metabolism of ‘Candidatus Defluviicoccus seviourii’, a member of Defluviicoccus cluster III abundant in industrial activated sludge

&NA; Filamentous cluster III Defluviicoccus (DF3) are known to proliferate and cause bulking issues in industrial wastewater treatment plants. Members of the genus Defluviicoccus are also known to exhibit the glycogen accumulating organism (GAO) phenotype, which is suggested to be detrimental to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Despite the reported negative impact members of the DF3 have on activated sludge wastewater treatment systems, limited research has focused on understanding the physiological traits that allow them to compete in these environments. In this study, a near complete genome of an abundant filamentous DF3 named ‘Candidatus Defluviicoccus seviourii’ was obtained from a full‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating winery wastewater. Annotation of the ‘Ca. D. seviourii’ genome revealed interesting metabolic features that help to understand the abundance of this microorganism in industrial wastewater treatment plants. Their potential for the storage of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is suggested to favour these organisms with the intermittent availability of carbon in these systems. An ability to fix nitrogen and take up urea may provide them with an additional advantage with the characteristically high carbon to nitrogen content of industrial waste. The genome and preliminary findings of this study provide a foundation for further research into these biotechnologically relevant organisms. &NA;  Genomic insights into the Defluviicoccus cluster III.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Data Layout of Logistic Evolution Storage System

In order to change the status that storage system can not adapt to dynamic workloads,The paper introduced a new concept of logistic evolution storage system and design a data layout which can make transformation among varies RAID levels easy.By analyzing action of RAID1 and RAID5 under synchronous workload, we deducing a approximation analytical expression to predict disk array mean response time and compute threshold of parameters for RAID organization transformation. In order to get the best performance for varies RAID levels,we also introduce a method which adjusts stripe unit size for adapting varies workloads and deduce the optimal stripe unite size. Finally, we carry out a large number of simulations to validate our analytical result.

Field of study: Computer science
The Effects of Story-Telling on the Language Skills of Pupils at the Early Childhood Education Stage of the Central Region of Ghana

This purpose of the study was to examine the effects of story-telling on the language skills of pupils in early childhood education at the Elmina Catholic Boys Primary School in the Central Region of Ghana. The study employed the action research design. Using the census sampling procedure, 34 respondents comprising 32 primary two (2) pupils and two (2) class teachers were selected for the study. Data gathered from the use of the interview guide and tests were analysed using frequencies, percentages and paired-sample t-test. Among the prominent causes of poor language skills among pupils were the fact that, friends laughed at pupils if they talk and made mistakes (peer pressure) and difficulty pupils had in expressing themselves (personality differences). Also, the post-test scores of the language skills of the pupils were higher than that of the pre-test scores. This means that, the intervention (storytelling) had a positive effect/impact and improved the language skills of the pupils.  Story-telling, Language Skills DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-24-15 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Field of study: Education
Genipin inhibits endothelial exocytosis via nitric oxide in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Exocytosis of endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies, which contain von Willebrand factor (VWF), P-selectin and other modulators, plays an important role in both inflammation and thrombosis. The present study investigates whether genipin, an aglycon of geniposide, inhibits endothelial exocytosis.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated from umbilical cords and cultured. The concentration of VWF in cell supernatants was measured using an ELISA Kit. P-selectin translocation on the cell surface was analyzed by cell surface ELISA. Cell viability was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8. Mouse bleeding times were measured by amputating the tail tip. Western blot analysis was used to determine the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phospho-eNOS present. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured in the cell supernatants as nitrite using an NO Colorimetric Assay.Genipin inhibited thrombin-induced VWF release and P-selectin translocation in HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The drug had no cytotoxic effect on the cells at the same doses that were able to inhibit exocytosis. The functional study that demonstrated that genipin inhibited exocytosis in vivo also showed that genipin prolonged the mouse bleeding time. Furthermore, genipin activated eNOS phosphorylation, promoted enzyme activation and increased NO production. L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS, reversed the inhibitory effects of genipin on endothelial exocytosis.Genipin inhibits endothelial exocytosis in HUVECs. The mechanism by which this compound inhibits exocytosis may be related to its ability to stimulate eNOS activation and NO production. Our findings suggest a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for genipin. This compound may represent a new treatment for inflammation and/or thrombosis in which excess endothelial exocytosis plays a pathophysiological role.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
The Three Basic Points of the Basic Level Party Building Work in Colleges and Universities

The level of working ability of the universities' grassroots organization influences party building work in universities as well as the scientific development of universities directly.From two main views of scientific development and scientific governance,improving the level of basic level party building work depends on the following three basic points:clearing one's duty and responsibility is the logical starting point,building a team is the supporting point and innovating the work method is the breakthrough point.Especially in university's basic level party building,it is significant to work with new thinking,new realm and new method.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences