nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Non-Associative Ordered Semigroups in Terms of Semilattices via Smallest (Double-Framed Soft) Ideals

Soft set theory, introduced by Molodtsov has been considered as a successful mathematical tool for modeling uncertainties. A double-framed soft set is a generalization of a soft set, consisting of union soft sets and intersectional soft sets. An ordered AG-groupoid can be referred to as a non-associative ordered semigroup, as the main difference between an ordered semigroup and an ordered AG-groupoid is the switching of an associative law. In this paper, we define the smallest left (right) ideals in an ordered AG-groupoid and use them to characterize a strongly regular class of a unitary ordered AG-groupoid along with its semilattices and double-framed soft (briefly DFS) l-ideals (r-ideals). We also give the concept of an ordered A* G**-groupoid and investigate its structural properties by using the generated ideals and DFS l-ideals (r-ideals). These concepts will verify the existing characterizations and will help in achieving more generalized results in future works.

Field of study: Mathematics
Pediatric ACL Injuries: A Review of Current Concepts

The number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries reported in skeletally immature athletes has increased over the past 2 decades. The reasons for this increased rate include the growing number of children and adolescents participating in competitive sports vigorous sports training at an earlier age and greater rate of diagnosis because of increased awareness and greater use of advanced medical imaging. There is a growing need for a consensus and evidence based approach for management of these injuries to frame a dedicated age specific treatment strategy.  This article does a systematic evidence based literature review of management of Pediatric ACL injuries seen in several forms: tibial eminence avulsion fractures partial ACL tears and full thickness ligament tears and its outcome analysis.  The mechanism of Safe and effective surgical techniques for children and adolescents with ACL injuries continues to evolve. The numerous age matched techniques are extensively discussed. Neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of ACL injury in adolescent girls.  This review outlines the current state of knowledge on diagnosis treatment and prevention of ACL injuries in children and adolescents and helps in guiding the treatment through a dedicated algorithm.

Field of study: Medicine
Larger benthic foraminiferal response to the PETM in the Potwar Basin (Eastern Neotethys, Pakistan)

Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was the most pronounced global and transient warming event of the Cenozoic and was associated with marked changes in the biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. On the basis of the large benthic foraminiferal (LBF) biostratigraphy coupled with δ13C record, the PETM event and the Paleocene-Eocene boundary are constrained in the Duleram section (Potwar Basin, Pakistan). This shallow-marine carbonate deposit offers a unique opportunity to study in detail the stratigraphic record of the PETM and its effect on LBF assemblages in the eastern Neotethyan Ocean. The ~5‰ negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) is here used to pinpoint the Paleocene-Eocene boundary corresponding to the base of SBZ 5. The CIE is not directly associated with evident compositional changes in the LBF assemblages that are instead identified during the CIE recovery phase. The prominent LBF assemblages' changes are marked by the disappearance of Miscellanea juliettae, Miscellanea dukhani, Ranikothalia nuttalli, Ranikothalia sindensis, Daviesina tenuis, Daviesina langhami and Orbitosiphon punjabensis and by the appearance of Alveolina ellipsoidalis, Alveolina globula, Alveolina moussoulensis, Alveolina minervensis, Alveolina avellana aurignacensis, Orbitolites biplanus, Nummulites fraasi, Nummulites minervensis and miliolids that correspond to the boundary between SBZ 5 and SBZ 6. The change in the LBF assemblages during the CIE-recovery phase of PETM is attributed to enhanced continental weathering and increased temperature and organic content flux that altered the habitat from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. This study provides the first evidence of the PETM at shallow marine deposits in the Potwar Basin and shows that change in the LBF assemblages in response of the PETM warming event affected shallow seas bordering the eastern Neotethyan Ocean.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Differences in Mathematical Connection and Conceptual Understanding Ability Between Students Taught by Using Problem-Based Learning and Direct Learning Model in SMP Negeri 1 Bilah Barat

This study aims to determine: (1) whether the mathematical connection ability of students in the application of problem-based learning is higher than direct learning, (2) whether the conceptual understanding ability of students in the application of problem-based learning is higher than direct learning, (3) active activities of students during the implementation of problem-based learning, (4) the level of ability of teachers to manage classes in the application of problem-based learning. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The population of this study is all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Bilah Barat which consists of 4 parallel classes, while the sample in this study taken two classes of population. Inferential analysis of data is done by ANACOVA  test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) students' mathematical connection ability in the application of problem-based learning is higher than direct learning. 2) students’ conceptual understanding ability in the application of problem-based learning is higher than direct learning. 3) the level of student's active activity during the application of problem-based learning meets ideal time tolerance, 4) the ability of the teacher to manage learning during problem-based learning gets into the criteria good enough.  Differences, Mathematical Connection Ability, Conceptual Understanding Ability, Based Learning, Direct Learning.

Field of study: Education
Predicting late sudden death from ventricular arrhythmia in adults following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot was the first complex congenital cardiac defect to undergo open repair. The life expectancy and quality of life of those surviving surgery is now good, although late survival is compromised by the occurrence of sudden death. The emergence of successful methods for both the prevention of arrhythmias (including valve replacements and electrophysiological ablation) and the treatment of arrhythmias when they occur (including implantable defibrillators), has meant the identification of those at risk is of even greater importance. This paper reviews the predictive methods currently available to the practising physician caring for these increasingly common patients.

Field of study: Medicine
The effect of HSP70/CD80 DNA vaccine on airway inflammation by regulating the chemokine and the receptor of chemokine in asthmatic mice

To determine the effect of HSP70/CD80 DNA vaccine on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma mice through regulating Th1/Th2 balance in the chemokine and its receptor. Mouse model of acute asthma was established by OVA-sensitized.At the same time,mice were injected with HSP70/CD80 DNA vaccine for observing airway responsiveness (AR),detecting serum IgE,measuring the pathological changes of lung tissue,and detecting CCL5 and CCL17 expression.The expression levels of CCR5 and CCR4 mRNA in lung tissue were examined using real-time PCR.Results Compared with the control mice,mice with acute asthma showed a significant increase in airway reactivity and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue.Mice treated with HSP70/CD80 DNA vaccine could effectively reduce airway hyperresponsiveness in airway,as well as the perivascular inflammatory response (P＜0.05).The expression of CCL5 was positive in airway epithelia,while CCL17 was negative (P＜0.05).CCR5 gene expression in lung tissue was increased,while CCR4 expression was decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion HSP70/CD80 DNA vaccine could treat asthma through restoring Th1/Th2 balance in two regulation ways,of which one was by enhancing the expression of CCL5 in airway epithelial cell and reducing CCL17 expression,the other was up-regulating the ratio of CCR5/CCR4 via increasing the expression of CCR5 and decreasing the expression of CCR4. 
 
 
Asthma;  Airway inflammation;  CCR4;  CCR5;  CCL5;  CCL17

Field of study: Biology
The los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR) Injection Deflector System

We describe a pulsed magnetic deflector system planned for the injection system of the PSR. Two sets of magnets, appropriately placed in the optical systems of both the ring and the injection transport line, provide control of the rate at which particles are injected into a given portion of transverse phase space and limit the interaction of stored beam with the injection stripping foil. High-current modulators that produce relatively complex waveforms are required for this purpose. Solid-state drivers using direct feedback to produce the necessary waveforms are discussed as replacements for the more conventional high-voltage tube technology.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Remelting Time on Mechanical Properties of Cr Alloy

The Cr alloy specimens were prepared by powder flame spraying technology, and the wear test and fatigue test of the specimens were conducted. The effects of remelting time on the mechanical properties of Cr alloy were discussed. The coating surface of the specimens was observed by SEM and hardness tester. The results show that reasonable remelting time can improve the mechanical performance of Cr alloy, and whether remelting time is too long or too short will reduce the mechanical properties of Cr alloy. Such as hardness, wear resistance strength and fatigue life.

Field of study: Materials science
DYNAMIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP OF CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO SHOCK LOADING

To study the dynamic properties of concrete subjected to shock loading, stress-time curves of concrete in different velocity were measured using the planar impact technique. The Lagrange analysis method is used to process the data, and the distributions of the mechanical parameters against time and space in the flow field are obtained. The mechanical properties and deformation characteristic of concrete at high strain rate are analyzed and the stress-strain curves of concrete are obtained. It is shown that the properties of concrete are nonlinear and sensitive to strain-rates. A visco-elasticity constitutive relationship of concrete is established according to damage evolution. Numerical results are verified by experimental data.

Field of study: Engineering
Substate federalism and fracking policies: does state regulatory authority trump local land use autonomy?

State officials responsible for the regulation of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations used in the production of oil and gas resources will inevitably confront a key policy issue; that is, to what extent can statewide regulations be developed without reducing land use autonomy typically exercised by local officials? Most state regulators have historically recognized the economic importance of industry jobs and favor the adoption of uniform regulatory requirements even if these rules preempt local policymaking authority. Conversely, many local officials seek to preserve land use autonomy to provide a greater measure of protection for public health and environmental quality goals. This paper examines how public officials in three states-Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Texas-address the question of state control versus local autonomy through their efforts to shape fracking policy decisions. While local officials within Texas have succeeded in developing fracking ordinances with relatively little interference from state regulators, Colorado and Pennsylvania have adopted a tougher policy stance favoring the retention of preemptive oil and gas statutes. Key factors that account for between state differences in fracking policy decisions include the strength of home rule provisions, gubernatorial involvement, and the degree of local experience with industrial economic activities.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis of fractional diffusion equations of distributed order: Maximum principles and their applications

In this paper, we formulate and prove the weak and strong maximum principles for a general parabolic-type fractional differential operator with the Riemann–Liouville time-fractional derivative of distributed order. The proofs of the maximum principles are based on an estimate of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative at its maximum point that was recently derived by the authors. Some a priori norm estimates for solutions to initial-boundary value problems for linear and nonlinear fractional diffusion equations of distributed order and uniqueness results for these problems are presented.

Field of study: Philosophy
Zero-Inertia Surge Model with Wet-Dry Advance

Azero-inertia model for surge flow furrow irrigation was developed from a non-linear continuous flow model. Non-linearity of the governing equations allowed simultaneous modeling of wet and dry sections of furrow. Time step was adjusted at the wet-dry interface. Unique furrow geometry and roughnesses were assigned for wet and dry furrow stretches. The surge model was tested against three sets of field data from Davis (California), Flowell (Utah), and Kimberly (Idaho) and a limited sensitivity analysis was performed.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Quadrupol-Resonanzfrequenzen von J127-Kernen in kristallinen kovalenten Jodverbindungen

ZusammenfassungIn einigen kristallinen kovalenten Jodverbindungen wurden im Dezimeterwellengebiet gelegene Absorptionslinien gemessen. Diese Linien entsprechen induzierten Übergängen zwischen Termen, deren Energiedifferenz durch die Wechselwirkung des Jodkern-Quadrupolmoments mit dem inhomogenen elektrischen Feld der Molekülelektronenhülle bedingt ist. Analoge Absorptionslinien wurden bereits in Dichloräthylen gefunden. Während bei den Kernen Cl35, Cl37, die beide den KernspinI=3/2 haben, nur je eine solche Linie auftritt, sind bei J127 mit dem größeren SpinI=5/2 zwei Linien zu erwarten. Die in I aufgestellte, aber dort nicht prüfbare Intervallregel der Quadrupolterme, nach der sich die beiden Übergangsfrequenzen im Falle exakter Rotationssymmetrie des Feldgradienten wie 1∶2 verhalten sollen, läßt sich an der Verbindung SnJ4 bis auf eine positive Abweichung von 5 · 10−5 bestätigen. In den anderen untersuchten Verbindungen treten kleine negative Abweichungen vom Wert 2 auf, die sich durch geringe Unsymmetrien des Feldgradienten erklären lassen. Aus den Absolutwerten der Übergangsfrequenzen ergeben sich Quadrupolkopplungskonstanten, die nur wenige Prozent von den für das gleiche Molekül im Gaszustande nach anderen Methoden gefundenen Werten abweichen. Ein an den Quadrupolresonanzlinien in einem SnJ4-Einkristall durchgeführterZeeman-Effekt ist im Einklang mit der Theorie, wenn man den (bekannten)gI-Faktor des Jodkerns zugrunde legt. Eine energetische Sättigung des Absorptionseffektes wurde in keiner der untersuchten Verbindungen beobachtet, was auf recht kurze Spin-Gitter-Relaxationszeiten (Größenordnung ≦10−3 sec) schließen läßt.

Field of study: Physics
A STUDY TO ASSESS SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GLYCEMIC PARAMETERS ININDIVIDUALS WITH PREDIABETES AND DIABETES MELLITUSIN A NORTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Uric acid is considered to be an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and a determinant of incidence of T2D in adults with glucose intolerance. There is  conflicting finding regarding  the trend of serum uric acid level in different glycemic status.  Therefore this study has been aimed to investigate the association of serum uric acid level with glycemic parameters in prediabetic and diabetic individuals attending the tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, 
An observational study was conducted in 721 individuals based on data collected from Biochemistry log book of AIIMS Rishikesh maintained from October 2014 to September 2016. The enzymatic method was carried out for measurement of Serum uric acid [ (Uricase) and blood glucose (BG) (Hexokinase)] level, and HbA1c was determined by immune inhibition method. 
Out of 721 individuals (410 male and 311female) 118 and 504 individuals belonged to prediabetes  and T2D respectively. Prediabetic individuals have higher uric acid level (5.408±1.7747 vs 5.639±1.7881) and  diabetic individuals  have significantly (p= 0.005) lower level of  uric acid compared to healthy individuals (5.40±1.77 vs 5.12±1.53). Glycemic parameters showed  positive association in normoglycemic individuals whereas significantly negative association in prediabetic and diabetic individuals.  The ROC scatter plot revealed the area under the curve created by uric acid was 0.464 with 95% CI 0.399 - 0.530. 
From this study it could be concluded that serum uric acid may be a determinant of altered glucose metabolism but not a potential predictor of prediabetes in north Indian populations residing in Uttarakhand.

Field of study: Medicine
Parameter optimization of the fungicide (Vapam) sorption onto soil modified with clinoptilolite by Taguchi method

This study employs the Taguchi optimization methodology to optimize the effective parameters for the pesticide (Vapam) sorption onto soil modified with natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). The experimental factors and their ranges chosen for determination of the effective parameters were: initial Vapam concentration (0.4–1.6 mg/L), initial pH of the pesticide solution (2–12), the percentage of clinoptilolite in the modified soil (0–6 %), temperature (15–35°C) and shaking time (2–24 h). The orthogonal array (OA) L16 and the bigger the better response category of the Taguchi method were selected to determine the optimum conditions: initial Vapam concentration (1.2 mg/L), initial pH of the pesticide solution (2), the percentage of clinoptilolite in the modified soil (4 %), temperature (15°C) and shaking time (2 h). The results showed that in comparison with other parameters, the initial Vapam concentration was the most effective one for the sorption of this pesticide onto soil, modified with clinoptilolite. Moreover, after determining the optimum levels of the sorption process parameters, confirmation experiments were performed to prove the effectiveness of the Taguchi's experimental design methodology.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
StrengthsFinder Signature Themes of Talent in Doctor of Pharmacy Students in Five Midwestern Pharmacy Schools

To describe student pharmacists’ Signature Themes from the Clifton StrengthsFinder across 5 Midwestern pharmacy institutions and to compare themes by gender, institution, and undergraduate population.  Student pharmacists completed the StrengthsFinder 2.0 assessment and received their top 5 Signature Themes. Themes were organized and examined by domains (Executing, Influencing, Relationship Building, Strategic Thinking). The distribution of the themes was compared between student pharmacists and undergraduates and themes and domains were compared by institution and gender.  Although results varied by institution, the top 5 themes among the 1244 of 1250 students (99.5%) who completed the assessment were: Achiever, Harmony, Learner, Responsibility, and Empathy. Female student pharmacists had more themes in Executing and Relationship Building, while males had more themes in Influencing and Strategic Thinking. Pharmacy students exhibit more Executing domain talents and fewer Influencing domain talents compared with undergraduates.  Signature Themes were consistent among student pharmacists across 5 Midwestern colleges of pharmacy.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Ecological correlates of species richness and population abundance patterns in the amphibian communities from the Albertine Rift, East Africa

Broad-scale ecological correlates affecting species richness and abundance patterns of amphibians were studied in 37 sampling sites from 15 independent protected areas in the Albertine Rift, East Africa. Amphibians were caught by a combination of sampling techniques, including time-constrained visual searching, pitfalls with drift fences, dip-netting, and opportunistic observations. In total, 73 species of amphibians were recorded, some of them occurring only once in the samples and some more than 1,000 times. Once relative field effort at each study site was taken into account, multivariate regression analyses showed that amphibian species richness was positively influenced by percent canopy cover and altitude. On the other hand, population abundance was influenced by a combination of three different variables: positively by percent canopy cover and rainfall, and negatively by human activities. The rainforest proved to play a very important role in the ecological distribution of species, with about 63% of the species being in one way or the other linked to it either as forest specialists, inhabitants of forest ecotones, or inhabitants of both forests and forest ecotones. These results have wide conservation implications. Indeed, as the mature rainforest habitat (especially at mid altitude-highland) proved to be the key habitat for the amphibian communities of the Albertine Rift, it should be a priority to recommend an accurate management and conservation of mature forests in local and regional protection programs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Neglected Values in Higher Education: Needed Reorganization in Curricular and Extra-Curricular Activities to Provide Significant Experiences.

There is a general agreement among competent observers that higher education is entering upon an era of transition and perhaps profound transformation. In this period the educator must have a definite sense of the direction in which he wants to move. He controls and judges the educative process by constant reference to the direction in which he thinks education should go. If this is not done consciously and critically, then it will be done unconsciously and blindly. What sort of person do we want when we seek an educated person? What kinds of interests, attitudes, and abilities have we a right to expect an educated person to exhibit today? These questions, like all fundamental ones, are not supplied with fixed ready-made answers and rules that we can adopt as a whole, understand immediately, and follow in a routine fashion. Rather we must choose between studying values or drifting along without ever really facing the problem. There is an insistent demand on the part of educators, students, and laymen for more adequate attention to the fact that intellectual development should not be isolated from the development of the whole personality. In the reorganization of higher education more attention must be paid to the fact that the college student is not an isolated mind but a total personality. Intellectual development should not be isolated from the development of the whole personality. In addition to intellectual factors, personal growth depends upon physical, emotional, aesthetic, and moral factors as well. We must think of the student in terms of his health, intellectual interests, recreational habits, aesthetic tastes, integrity of character, ability to co-operate, and capacity to grow. Too many of our curricular activities rest upon assumptions of the

Field of study: Education