nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-nuclei production and search for the QCD critical point

We discuss the potential of the light-nuclei measurement in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies for the search of the hypothetical QCD critical end-point. A previous proposal based on neutron density fluctuations has brought appealing experimental evidences of a maximum in a ratio involving tritons, protons and deuterons, ${\cal O}_{tpd}$. However these results are difficult to reconcile with the state-of-the-art statistical thermal model predictions. Based on the idea that the QCD critical point can lead to a substantial attraction among nucleons, we propose new ratios involving $^4$He in which a maximum would be more evident. We argue that the experimental extraction is feasible by presenting actual measurements at low and high collision energies. We also illustrate the possible behavior of these ratios at intermediate energies applying the semiclassical method based on flucton paths using preliminary STAR data for ${\cal O}_{tpd}$.

Field of study: Physics
Impact of plant harvest management on function and community structure of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a constructed wetland.

Plant harvest is one of the most important management practices in constructed wetlands. In this study, we evaluated the impact of harvesting Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel on the activity and community structure of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a free-water surface constructed wetland. The nitrifiers were targeted using bacterial and archaeal-amoA that encode ammonia monooxygenase, and the denitrifiers were targeted using nirK and nirS that encode the nitrite reductase. The community structures were evaluated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The potential nitrification and nitrate reduction rates were shown to be significantly higher in the harvested plant rhizosphere than in a non-harvested control plot. The potential nitrification rate positively correlated with the potential nitrate reduction rate and influenced the community structure of nirK. In addition, plant canopy developed differently after harvest and simultaneously changed the microclimate beneath the plant community. These results suggest that plant harvest management could change subsequent plant development and associated microenvironments, thereby affecting the function and community structure of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Our study highlights the importance of plant harvest management within constructed wetlands to regulate the functions of nitrification and denitrification.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
The role of clinical pathway on the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta

Stroke becomes world health problem all over the world because it is the causal factor of high mortality and disability. Good and well-organized process of healthcare service will improve the outcome of the patients with stroke. Clinical pathway may be used as clear standard to help reduce unnecessary variations of medical treatment and measure. The study aimed at finding out the correlation between the use of clinical pathway and the outcome of the patients with ischemic stroke in Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta. It was an observational and analytic study with cohort restorative study design. The author compared the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke between the group with clinical pathway and the group without the clinical pathway. Data was collected using consecutive sampling from the electronic registry and medical record data of the patients from January 1 st , 2011 to December 31 st , 2011. It was conducted to 124 patients with ischemic stroke assigned to two groups (the first groups of 62 patients with clinical pathway and the second groups of 62 patients without clinical pathway). The basic characteristics of the two groups were the same. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the incidence of complication and a significant increase in the use of antiplatelete drugs, antidiabetic drugs and statin as secondary preventive measure of the recurrent stroke. There was not any significant difference in the duration of the hospitalized healthcare, the financing and the mortality between the two observation groups. The study indicated that the use of the clinical pathway in the stroke treatment improved the outcome of the patients with stroke. It was necessary to conduct further study to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical pathway in improving the outcome of the patients with bigger number of the subjects and the longer period of time.

Field of study: Medicine
Mobile Learning System based on Cloud Computing

With the mass popularity of 3G, WIFI wireless network and intelligent mobile terminal equipment (intelligent mobile phone, tablet computer, etc), mobile learning has become one of the important ways of learning. but the traditional mobile learning mode has many disadvantages, and the mobile learning based on cloud computing is a good way to overcome the disadvantages. This paper first introduces the concept and system architecture of cloud computing, then designs a structure of mobile learning system based on cloud computing and analyzes its process and function modules, realizes some function modules of the system by JAVA technology and the Android platform. It expects the system can realize the combination of new technology and advanced learning concept and promote personalized and diversified learning anytime and anyplace freely

Field of study: Computer science
Valenzisomerisierung perhalogenierter 4-Methylen-bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-diene zu Heptafulvenen

Die Synthese gemischter brom- und chlorsubstituierter 4-Methylen-bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-diene 6b, c aus Hexachlorcyclopentadien und entsprechenden Trihalogenethylenen wird beschrieben. Die Valenzisomerisierung 6a 7 ist reversibel. Thermisch (bei 340 °C) entsteht 7 aus 6a. doch lagert es sich weiter in die stabileren aromatischen Produkte 8 und 9 um. Photochemisch wird 7 sowohl zu 6a als auch zu 8 isomerisiert. Die Kurzzeitthermolyse von 6b bei 460°C ist mit einem Brom/Chlor-Austausch verbunden und liefert ein Gemisch der Heptafulvene 7, 10 und 11, wahrend aus 6c unter den gleichen Bedingungen das reine Heptafulven 12 erhalten werden konnte. 
 
 
 
Valence Isomerization of Perhalogenated 4-Methylene-bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-dienes to Heptafulvenes 
 
 
 
Synthesis of mixed bromo- and chloro- substitued 4-methylene-bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-dienes 6b,c starting from hexachlorocyclopentadiene and corresponding trihalogenated ethylenes is described. Valence isomerization 6a 7 is reversible. Thermally (340 °C) 7 is formed from 6a but it rearranges further to the more stable aromatic products 8 and 9. Photochemically 6a and 8 obtained from 7. Short time thermolysis of 6b at 460°C is connected with bromine/chlorine exchange and leads to a mixture of heptafulvenes 7, 10, and 11. From 6c under the same conditions the pure heptafulvene 12 could be received.

Field of study: Chemistry
The poles and residues of Eisenstein series induced from Speh representations.

We consider Eisenstein series, on split special orthogonal groups, symplectic groups, or their double covers, induced from Speh representations. Except the metaplectic groups case, their poles were determined by Jiang, Liu, Zhang [JLZ13]. We give another proof for the existence of these poles, which is straightforward and works for double covers of symplectic groups, as well. In case of symplectic groups, or their double covers, we use the same proof to show that for each pole, there is a unique maximal nilpotent orbit, attached to Fourier coefficients admitted by the corresponding residual representation. We find this orbit in each case.

Field of study: Mathematics
The interaction of recovery and environmental conditions: An analysis of the outer shelf edge of western North America during the early Triassic

Biotic recovery from the Permian-Triassic mass extinction was complex and uneven, with prior studies typically revealing a long, drawn-out recovery that was either delayed for some interval, or was subdued and stepwise in nature. Examples of rapid recovery at the outcrop scale cloud this narrative and point to the importance of environmental stresses in determining the timing and shape of recovery. The Union Wash Formation at the Darwin locality (east-central California) contains at least 3 recovery intervals that terminate with the onset of deleterious conditions and therefore offers a means to examine the relationship between environmental stress and recovery. The first recovery is manifested as bioturbated (ii = 5–6), shallow marine micritic limestones that contain small diameter (2–4 mm) Thalassinoides burrows that form complex networks. This interval is overlain by 650.5 m of laminated mudstone that signal deleterious environmental conditions. The second recovery interval begins directly above seafloor precipitate-bearing micritic limestones that make up the lowermost 130 m of the upper member of the Union Wash Formation and is marked by the occurrence of a 3 m-thick interval containing sphinctozoan sponges, an intervening ~1 m-thick laminated (ii = 1) micritic limestone, and an overlying, 5 m-thick bivalve-rich and bioturbated calcareous siltstone (ii = 4–5) that contains Chrondrites trace fossils. This interval is overlain by 18 m of laminated green shale (ii = 1) that signifies another incursion of anoxic waters. The third recovery interval is represented by a 30 m-thick unit that includes beds of micritic limestone, fossiliferous limestone containing transported fossil grains (including bivalves, microgastropods, sphinctozoan sponges, microgastropods, flat clams, and terebratulid brachiopods), flat pebble conglomerate and vermicular limestone. The results of this study, therefore, point to an uneven recovery within the Union Wash Formation, in which an initially robust recovery in the lower member deteriorated across the remainder of the study section. Areas exposed to persistent environmental stress, therefore, demonstrate protracted and complex recoveries. Study localities located within the habitable zone instead exhibit accelerated recoveries during the post-extinction interval and are indicative of an environmental bias in the form of persistent favorable conditions. The most accurate measures of post – extinction recovery, therefore, are those that examine biotic trends over a broad geographic area, and, as a result, incorporate the role of environmental stress in determining when and how life recovered from the Permian – Triassic mass extinction.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Characterization and N-terminal sequence of human platelet proteoglycan.

Human platelet proteoglycan (P.PG) was prepared from a 4 M-guanidinium chloride platelet extract in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. The purification procedure included CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography and f.p.l.c. on a Mono Q HR 5/5 column. P.PG was recovered as a polydisperse molecule, but the protein core appeared to be at least 90% homogeneous. This observation could be due to partial proteolysis of the core protein during extraction. The N-terminal sequence of the human P.PG core protein was determined up to residue 66 and was shown to be highly homologous to the propeptide of an embryonic rat yolk-sac tumour proteoglycan (PG19); the significance of this homology is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Wireless Sensor Network Model Based on Non Uniform Clustering Mechanism

This paper constructed a wireless sensor network model which includes multi hop mechanism based on the theory of complex network. In the non uniform clustering algorithm, the selection of the competitive radius affects the lifetime of the whole network. The optimal hop mechanism is added into the growth phase of the scale free network model, which makes the probability of the link between the nodes relate to the actual distance between nodes. This paper also discusses how parameters C and parameters Rmax affect the degree distribution, network coverage, and the number of cluster heads in the entire network model. We use the theory to analyze the degree distribution of the network along with the growth of network. And we also use the software to simulate the network performance parameters. We find that with the increase of parameters C, the network of competitive radius is more heterogeneous, the number of cluster heads are lager, and the proportion of the value between (2,10) of nodes degree in the network are large, but the coverage rate of the network are low. We also found that with the increasing of the parameters Rmax, the number of cluster heads in the network are smaller, and the proportion of the value between (2, 10) of nodes degree in the network, and the coverage rate of the network would increase.

Field of study: Engineering
Características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo Minas artesanal produzido na região do Serro, Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was characterize the sensorial and physico-chemical properties of the artisanal Minas cheese produced in the region of Serro, Minas Gerais. Twenty samples were analysed. For the sensory analysis, it has been used the nine points hedonic verbal scale acceptance test. The result was an average score of 6.03±2.04, wich was attributed by thirty judges, and so that it has been defined as "I like the product slightly". The physico-chemical parameters average values found were: fat content-29.22g/100g; pH-4.98; moisture content-50.84g/100g; ashes-3.79g/100g; chlorides-4.39g/100g; lactose-0.55g/100g; titrable acidity-0.28 (g/100g of lactic acid); non-proteic nitrogen-0.27g/100g; total nitrogen-2.94g/100g; true protein-17.06g/100g; depth of proteolysis-9.18; diameter-13.60cm; height-5.58cm; weight-927.30g. There was no significant difference (p>0,05) between the great and small producers, considering those physico-chemical and sensory evaluation. These cheeses are not adjusted to the following denomination "medium moisture content" (between 36.0 and 45.9g/100g) defined for the Serro's Minas cheese by the Brazilian Department of Agriculture and Supplying in the Resolution number 7 (28 November 2000). Thus, Minas cheese of Serro is characterized as a high moisture content cheese (between 46.0 and 54.9g/100g).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
When Visibility Matters

Sixty-one couples engaged in two video-recorded discussions in which one partner (the support recipient) discussed a personal goal with the other partner (the support provider). The support provider’s visible and invisible support behaviors were coded by independent raters. Measures of perceived support, discussion success, and support recipients’ distress during the discussion were gathered. Recipients also reported their goal achievement at 3-month intervals over the following year. Greater visible emotional support was associated with greater perceived support and discussion success for highly distressed recipients, but it was costly for nondistressed recipients who reported lower discussion success. In contrast, greater invisible emotional support was not associated with perceived support or discussion success, but it predicted greater goal achievement across time. These results advance our current understanding of support processes by indicating that the costs and benefits of visible support hinge on recipients’ needs, whereas invisible support shapes recipients’ long-term goal achievement.

Field of study: Psychology
The Influence of Administrative Monopoly on Economic Development——An Empirical Study Based on Vector Error Correction Model

As a unique form of China's transition economy, the impact of administrative monopoly on economic development can not be ignored. Analyzing the data from 1990 to 2015, this paper investigates the relationship between administrative monopoly and economic development based on Vector Error Correction Model (VEC)model. The results show that there is a long - term equilibrium relationship between administrative monopoly and economic development. In the long run, the administrative monopoly has obvious obstructive effect on economic development. The hardest part, as well as the emphasis in China's economic reform will be how to separate the government from state-owned enterprises and eliminate administrative monopoly.

Field of study: Business
Autoantibodies against small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes and their clinical associations

Sera from patients suffering from systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) have been shown to contain reactivities to nuclear components. Autoantibodies specifically targeting nucleolar antigens are found most frequently in patients suffering from SSc or SSc overlap syndromes. We determined the prevalence and clinical significance of autoantibodies directed to nucleolar RNA‐protein complexes, the so‐called small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs). A total of 172 patient sera with antinucleolar antibodies were analysed by immunoprecipitation. From 100 of these patients clinical information was obtained by chart review. Autoantibodies directed to snoRNPs were detected not only in patients suffering from SSc and primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), but also in patients suffering from SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and myositis (PM/DM). Antibodies against box C/D small snoRNPs can be subdivided in antifibrillarin positive and antifibrillarin negative reactivity. Antifibrillarin‐positive patient sera were associated with a poor prognosis in comparison with antifibrillarin negative (reactivity with U3 or U8 snoRNP only) patient sera. Anti‐Th/To autoantibodies were associated with SSc, primary RP and SLE and were found predominantly in patients suffering from decreased co‐diffusion and oesophagus motility and xerophthalmia. For the first time autoantibodies that recognize box H/ACA snoRNPs are described, identifying this class of snoRNPs as a novel autoantigenic activity. Taken together, our data show that antinucleolar patient sera directed to small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes are found frequently in other diseases than SSc and that categorization of diagnoses and clinical manifestations based on autoantibody profiles seems particularly informative in patient sera recognizing box C/D snoRNPs.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Steady-state methadone effect on generalized arousal in male and female mice.

Methadone is widely used in treatment of short-acting opiate addiction. The on-off effects of opioids have been documented to have profound differences from steady-state opioids. The authors hypothesize that opioids play important roles in either generalized arousal (GA) or aversive state of arousal during opioid withdrawal. Both male and female C57BL6 mice received steady-state methadone (SSM) through osmotic pumps at 10 or 20 mg/kg/day, and GA was measured in voluntary motor activity, sensory responsivity, and contextual fear conditioning. SSM did not have any effect on those GA behaviors in either sex. Females had higher activity and less fear conditioning than males. The effects of SSM on stress-responsive orexin gene expression in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and medial hypothalamus (MH, including perifornical and dorsomedial areas) were measured after the behavioral tests. Females showed significantly lower basal LH (but not MH) orexin mRNA levels than males. A panel of GA stressors increased LH orexin mRNA levels in females only; these increases were blunted by SSM at 20 mg/kg. In summary, SSM had no effect on GA behaviors. In females, SSM blunted the GA stress-induced LH orexin gene expression.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Petrology and U–Pb zircon age of the Variscan porphyroclastic Rand Granite at the southeastern margin of the Central Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex (Germany)

The Variscan Rand Granite as defined in this paper is a deformed I-type biotite granite that intruded along the southern-to-southeastern margin of the Central Schwarzwald Gneiss Complex. Former K-feldspar megacrysts (now porphyroclasts) of this K–Mg-rich alkali-calcic granite frequently show zonal crystallographic arrangement of mineral inclusions and are enclosed in a matrix of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, apatite, zircon, and magnetite. Minor sphene and allanite are mostly altered. K-feldspar is orthoclase with perthitic exsolutions. Myrmekite is common and typically replaces marginal K-feldspar. Both feldspars show cataclastic and incipient ductile deformation that took place within the stability field of biotite (≥ 400 °C) as proven by grey varieties of Rand Granite with stable biotite. At most places, however, the Rand Granite shows a reddish colour, caused by late-stage chloritization of biotite and formation of hematite within K-feldspar. Furthermore, plagioclase became partially altered to sericite. This hydrothermal alteration took place at temperatures below the stability of biotite (< 400 °C). In situ ion probe U–Pb dating on zircon gave a concordant age of 330.9 ± 4.8 Ma (2σ), interpreted as the intrusion age of the Rand Granite. A large number of younger concordant to slightly discordant zircon ages between 309 and 90 Ma are interpreted to be due to episodic Pb loss during hydrothermal alteration. The Rand Granite apparently does not contain zircon domains older than the intrusion age and, furthermore, shows relatively high Zr contents (247–358 µg/g). These characteristics suggest high magma temperatures of at least 850–900 °C. The granitic magma most probably resulted from remelting of K-rich mafic to intermediate rocks in the middle crust at H2O-undersaturated conditions. Low Sr/Y ratios suggest a garnet-free residuum, which is only possible at pressures below ~ 0.9 GPa.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Blueprint for Transitioning Pharmacy Residents Into Successful Clinical Faculty Members in Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

With the increase of new pharmacy colleges and schools throughout the country, the number of open clinical academic pharmacy positions continues to grow. Considering the abundance of clinical faculty positions available nationwide and the increased likelihood of current pharmacy residents transitioning from residency directly into academia, pharmacy residents must be prepared to succeed in the role of new clinical faculty member. However, no blueprint or recommendations have yet been provided to facilitate this transition. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the literature regarding transitioning pharmacy students and/or residents into faculty roles. The literature reviewed represents nursing, medical, graduate school, and engineering disciplines because no literature on this topic was available from the pharmacy profession. Based on the recommendations provided in the literature and on the authors’ experience at their college, they created a blueprint consisting of 7 components to help residents transition directly into their roles as faculty members.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of (TiB+Nd_2O_3)/Ti Composites

Ti matrix composites were synthesized through the reaction among Ti, B2O3 and rare earth Nd by ingot metallurgy. The effect of rare earth Nd addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of composites were investigated using scanning electronic microscope and transonic electron microscope. It is showed that the reinforcements of composites are TiB and Nd2O3 which are distributed uniformly in the matrix. The interfaces between reinforcement s of Nd2O3 and Ti matrix are clear without any interfacial reaction. The shape of Nd2O3 particles are fine plate, lath shape and nodular shape with increasing of Nd content in the Ti matrix. Nd addition can improve the plasticity and high temperature strength of composites.

Field of study: Materials science