nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytic Solutions of Special Functional Equations

We recall some of our earlier results on the construction of a mapping defined implicitly, without using the implicit function theorem. All these considerations work in the real case, for functions and operators. Then we consider the complex case, proving the analyticity of the function defined implicitly, under certain hypothesis. Some consequences are given. An approximating formula for the analytic form of the solution is also given. Finally, one illustrates the preceding results by an application to a concrete functional and operatorial equation. Some related examples are given.

Field of study: Mathematics
A new approach to RF small-signal modeling of MOSFETs

In this paper, we present a new approach to obtain the RF small-signal parameters of MOSFETs, by developing region-wise (strong- and weak-inversion) physics-based small-signal models for the intrinsic part of the device, and eventually coupling them over the moderate inversion region through the use of an interpolation function. The basic premise of this approach is the fact that there is a large difference between the magnitudes of the depletion and inversion charge densities in strong- and weak-inversion regions. The expressions for the Y-parameters are obtained in a power series form, truncated up to the second-order, which is enough to retain sufficient accuracy. Since only the intrinsic parameters are not sufficient to predict the high frequency behavior of short-channel devices, hence, extrinsic parameters are coupled with their intrinsic counterparts in order to obtain the total values of the Y-parameters for the complete device. The results of our model show a sufficiently good match with the TCAD simulations. Also, the continuity of the various device capacitances at a frequency of 50 GHz over the entire range of gate bias validates our model.

Field of study: Materials science
Numerical Simulation of Casting Process for Flange Pipes and Its Technological Optimization

Taking a typical casting flange pipe as an example, the numerical simulations were conducted by Visual Environment 8.0, Pro/E and ProCAST, and the casting technology was optimized. The puzzles of modeling and meshing in ProCAST casting simulation were solved, which find a way for the application of ProCAST software in foundry enterprises.

Field of study: Materials science
The use of individual EEG peculiarities for increase of neurofeedback efficiency

An aim of the study was to demonstrate efficiency of neurofeedback in using individual frequency ranges of electroencephalogram (EEG). The sessions of theta/beta decreasing and alpha simulating trainings were carried out in 2 outpatients: one of them with attention deficit disorder (a schoolboy) and another one with functional pain contraction (a professional musician). The neurofeedback with standard frequency did not result in any improvement of psychometric and EEG characteristics of both patients. The neurofeedback training with individual frequency of maximal peak and alpha band width improved these characteristics that suggest efficiency of the approach used.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A variable X-ray chopper system for phase-sensitive detection in synchrotron X-ray scanning tunneling microscopy.

An ultra-high-vacuum compatible X-ray chopper system has been designed, constructed and integrated into the XTIP beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The XTIP beamline can operate at soft X-ray energies from 400 eV to 1900 eV while providing a focused beam down to about 10 µm × 10 µm into the synchrotron X-ray scanning tunneling microscopy (SX-STM) endstation instrument. The X-ray chopper is a critical component for separating topographic information from chemical information in SX-STM through phase-sensitive current detection. Depending on the experimental needs, the modulation frequency can be controlled from 100 Hz to 10 kHz. In addition, the chopper system is fully bakeable and can achieve a base pressure of 10-10 mbar. Facilities for active water cooling have been designed, but passive cooling through copper braids has been shown to be sufficient at standard chopping frequencies. Using an Fe/Al2O3/CoAl(111) sample, the separation of the SX-STM current into a chemical component and a stable feedback signal is demonstrated.

Field of study: Physics
Индекс Адаптации В Iii Квартале 2016 Г.: Лучший Показатель За Годы Наблюдений

Индекс адаптации российской промышленности (оценка ситуации как «нормальной») дал в III квартале. 2016 г. неожиданный (даже для нас, давно работающих с непривычными для экономистов оценками предприятиями текущей ситуации2 по шкале выше нормы – норма – ниже нормы) результат. Он достиг абсолютного максимума за весь 23-летний период его расчетов.

Field of study: Economics
The Recurrence Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Childhood

To determine the risk of recurrence of ischemic stroke in children and to evaluate the influence of etiological factors and underlying mechanisms on recurrence rate.  Thirty-six children (21 boys and 15 girls) with clinically and radiographically proven ischemic cerebral infarction were prospectively followed up over a period of 1–9 years (median 5 years 5 months). The median age of onset of stroke was 8.4 years (1–16 years). Patients with hemorrhagic stroke, neonatal infarction and sinovenous thrombosis were not included. The patients were analyzed according to the mechanisms and etiology of the initial and recurrent stroke event.  For the initial stroke, cardioembolic (33.3%) and arteriopathic processes (36.1%) were identified as the most probable mechanisms of arterial ischemic stroke. Prothrombotic abnormalities were found in 4 children (11.1%). Underlying pathology in the remaining 7 (19.4%) was not known. Recurrent ischemic infarction was diagnosed in 5 children (13.9%) within 5 days to 18 months (median 6 months) after the first stroke manifestation. In 3 of them stroke recurrence was due to cardiac or transcardiac embolism. Cardiac abnormality prior to the first stroke was detected in 1 child. Clinically silent multiple cerebral infarcts disclosed by MRI preceded the overt stroke episode in 2 patients.  Congenital and acquired heart diseases were the most common cause of repeated stroke in our study. The risk of recurrence appeared to be fivefold higher in children with cardiac disease irrespective of the coexistence of other risk factors. The risk factors of stroke in children were multiple and overlapping. Consequently, recognition of the major one and its underlying mechanism is crucial for both effective therapeutic approach and the prevention of recurrence.

Field of study: Medicine
Roles of the Exogenous H2S-Mediated SR-A Signaling Pathway in Renal Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Autophagy in a Rat Model

This study aims to explore the effects of the exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated scavenger receptor A (SR-A) signaling pathway on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy in rats.  A total of 48 normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and SR-A knockout rats were selected and divided into six groups (n = 8): wild-type (WT) + sham, WT + ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), WT + I/R + NaHS, SR-A-/- + sham, SR-A-/- + I/R and SR-A-/- + I/R + NaHS. The concentrations of urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2S in renal tissue were detected. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TGF-β, SR-A, LC3I, LC3II, P62, PERK, ATF6 and IRE1 pathway-related genes. A TUNEL assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. Electron microscopy was applied to observe the structure of renal autophagosomes.  Compared with the WT + sham group, in the rates of the WT + I/R group, the urine volume, urinary protein, BUN, SCR and MDA concentrations, the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, TGF-β, LC3II/I, and ER stress pathway-related genes, the cell apoptosis index, and the number of autophagosomes were significantly increased 24 h after I/R, while P62 and SR-A protein expression and SOD and H2S concentrations were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). The levels of renal injury, autophagy and ER stress pathway-related genes were decreased in the WT + I/R + NaHS group but were increased in the SR-A-/- + I/R group relative to the WT + I/R group. No significant differences were observed in the urine volume; the concentrations of urinary protein, BUN, SCR and MDA; the SOD activity; the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, TGF-β, SR-A, GRP78, SR-A, GPR94, ATF4, IRE1, XBP1, ATF6, and eIF2α; the cell apoptosis index; or the number of autophagosomes in rats of the SR-A-/- + I/R and SR-A-/- + I/R + NaHS groups (all P > 0.05).  These results demonstrate that the exogenous H2S-mediated SR-A signaling pathway reduces renal IRI injury by up-regulating ER stress-induced autophagy in rats.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Dust on the Streets and Liability for Environmental Cancers

In Margereson v J. W. Roberts Ltd and Hancock v J. W. Roberts Ltd,' the Court of Appeal was faced for the first time with the task of delineating the liability of a manufacturing company for environmental cancers caused by emissions from their plant. Both plaintiffs2 had lived near the former J.W. Roberts asbestos factory in Armley, Leeds, and had contracted the fatal cancer mesothelioma, the only known cause of which is exposure to asbestos. The J.W. Roberts factory, which closed in 1958, was part of the manufacturing empire of Turner & Newall Ltd (now T&N plc, the effective defendants). The incidence of asbestos-related disease was originally confined to the asbestos textile industry,3 the so-called first wave4 of asbestos-related disease, but as asbestos found more and more industrial applications, so other occupational groups5 (the second wave) began to experience the toll of death and disease. Such cases have generated a substantial number of compensation claims in tort by injured workers and their  The Margereson and Hancock cases are unique in that they are the first examples of the third wave of environmental asbestos cases to reach the English courts.7 In the event, the Court of Appeal dismissed the defendant company's appeals from a finding of liability. In doing so, the Court interpreted Holland J's decision at

Field of study: Law
SHANNON-WIENER'S DIVERSITY INDEX FOR LINKING YIELD MONITOR AND REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR CORN

Yield is the ultimate measure for quantifying the effect of agricultural inputs. Measurement of yield variability is 
needed for developing and evaluating site-specific crop management strategies. However, there are many sources of error 
in measuring the actual yield variability. To assess the contribution of harvest practices to yield variability, yield monitor and 
aerial image data were collected in the 2000 growing season. Aerial images were collected by a DuncanTech MS3100 multispectral 
digital camera on two dates. The boundary effect on variability of yield monitor data was studied by successive clipping 
of yield monitor data for determining the effect of the harvester operations at the end of the field on the yield monitor 
errors. Results indicated that the correlations between grain yield and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 
at the V16 growth stage were improved as the field perimeter was clipped to 30.5 m inside of the field boundary; the coefficient 
of determination (r2) improved from 0.67 to 0.76. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SWDI), an index used in ecological 
studies to determine how diverse a population is, showed that diversity at the perimeter was decreased as additional clipping 
of data occurred inside the field perimeter. The yield variability was considerably higher in the clipped areas than in other 
areas due to the speed of the harvester, headland harvest, and time for yield monitor fill-up and emptying. Areas of the highly 
diverse yield monitor were about twice that of remotely sensed data, as indicated by the SWDI. Results indicated that the outer 
6.1 m was responsible for about 34% of the high yield diversity at the perimeter of the field. The headland harvesting effect 
was included fully in that 34% high yield diversity.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Linear characters and block algebra

This paper will prove that: 1. $G$ has a block only having linear ordinary characters if and only if $G$ is a $p$-nilpotent group with an abelian Sylow $p$-subgroup; 2. $G$ has a block only having linear Brauer characters if and only if $O_{p'}(G)\leq O_{p'p}(G)=HO_{p'}(G)= \textrm{Ker}(B_{0}^{*}) \leq O_{p'pp'}=G$, where $H=G^{'}O^{p'}(G), \textrm{Ker}(B_{0}^{*})=\bigcap_{\lambda \in \textrm{IBr}(B_{0})} \textrm{Ker}(V_{\lambda}), B_{0}$ is the principal block of $G$ and $V_{\lambda}$ is the $F[G]$-module affording the Brauer character $\lambda$; 3. if $G$ satisfies the conditions above, then for any block algebra $B$ of $G$, we have $$ \frac{\textrm{Dim}_{F}(B)}{|D|}= \sum_{\phi \in \textrm{IBr}(B)}\phi(1)^{2}$$ where $D$ is the defect group of $B$.

Field of study: Mathematics
A compact tool for coaxial laser alignment on a time-sharing beamline at Taiwan Light Source.

A simple design and easily installed tool for alignment has been developed for time-sharing undulator beamlines. A laser beam is directed onto a beam splitter inside the vacuum chamber, then reflects 90° along the synchrotron beam path; this beam serves as a reference to mimic the synchrotron beam path. Use of this tool greatly abbreviated alignment of an end-station after beamline switching; both beamline diagnosis and end-station development can be completed before the synchrotron beam time begins.

Field of study: Physics
WHO ARE THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER? A SCHOOL-BASED SURVEY

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed and thoroughly researched disorders of childhood; however, little is known about ADHD in the school setting. We examined demographic data, disability categories, placement, academic achievement, and educational treatment of children clinically diagnosed as having ADHD among a group of 14,229 students in a public school district. Of 136 students with ADHD, over half (n = 77) were receiving special education services: Forty were identified as behaviorally disordered, 22 as learning disabled, 7 as mildly mentally retarded, 1 as other health impaired, and 1 as orthopedically handicapped. The most common special education placement for students with ADHD was the general education classroom plus resource support (n = 50). Mathematics and reading achievement scores varied greatly. Over 90% of the students with ADHD were taking medication. Behavior modification, consultation, one-to-one instruction, and modified assignment format were used significantly more often with students with ADHD who were receiving special education services than students with ADHD who were not receiving special education services. Implications for research and practice are presented.

Field of study: Education
On the Rates of Convergence from Surrogate Risk Minimizers to the Bayes Optimal Classifier

In classification, the use of 0-1 loss is preferable since the minimizer of 0-1 risk leads to the Bayes optimal classifier. However, due to the nonconvexity of 0-1 loss, this optimization problem is NP-hard. Therefore, many convex surrogate loss functions have been adopted. Previous works have shown that if a Bayes-risk consistent loss function is used as a surrogate, the minimizer of the empirical surrogate risk can achieve the Bayes optimal classifier as the sample size tends to infinity. Nevertheless, the comparison of convergence rates of minimizers of different empirical surrogate risks to the Bayes optimal classifier has rarely been studied. Which characterization of the surrogate loss determines its convergence rate to the Bayes optimal classifier? Can we modify the loss function to achieve a faster convergence rate? In this article, we study the convergence rates of empirical surrogate minimizers to the Bayes optimal classifier. Specifically, we introduce the notions of consistency intensity and conductivity to characterize a surrogate loss function and exploit this notion to obtain the rate of convergence from an empirical surrogate risk minimizer to the Bayes optimal classifier, enabling fair comparisons of the excess risks of different surrogate risk minimizers. The main result of this article has practical implications including: 1) showing that hinge loss (SVM) is superior to logistic loss (Logistic regression) and exponential loss (Adaboost) in the sense that its empirical minimizer converges faster to the Bayes optimal classifier and 2) guiding the design of new loss functions to speed up the convergence rate to the Bayes optimal classifier with a data-dependent loss correction method inspired by our theorems.

Field of study: Computer science
It's for Your Own Good: Benevolent Sexism and Women's Reactions to Protectively Justified Restrictions

Three studies examined women's reactions to ostensibly protective restrictions. In Study 1, only benevolently sexist women accepted a protectively justified (hypothetical) prohibition against driving on a long trip, but only when imposed by a husband (not a coworker). In Study 2, when women's actual romantic partners opposed their participation in a practicum counseling dangerous men, most reacted positively to a personalized protective justification (“I am concerned for your safety”), but only benevolently sexist women reacted positively when no justification was given. In Study 3, only benevolently sexist women accepted an explicitly group-based protective justification (“It is not safe for any woman”) for a partner's imagined opposition to an internship that involved interviewing criminals. By fusing benevolence with dominance, protective paternalism can lead women (especially those who are high on benevolent sexism) to accept restrictions.

Field of study: Psychology
Temperature dependence of heavy ion-induced current transients in Si epilayer devices

We report on the temperature dependence of the heavy-ion transient-ion beam induced current response of Si epilayer devices from 80 to 300 K. The measurements were performed on a heavy-ion microbeam in conjunction with the new transient-ion beam induced current system developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. Furthermore, we perform a detailed comparison with technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations and discuss the results in terms of TCAD modeling, experimental procedure, and the implications for temperature-related single-event upset modeling.

Field of study: Physics
Study on Heat Treatment Technology for ZG30CrMnSiMo Cast Steel

研究了不同的奥氏体化温度、不同的淬火介质、不同回火温度对ZG30CrMnSiMo的力学性能及组织的影响.结果表明,ZG30CrMnSiMo经1 040℃奥氏体化油冷,300℃回火后,具有良好的强韧性配合,而在500℃回火时,出现明显的回火脆性.提出ZG30CrMnSiMo的最佳热处理工艺.

Field of study: Materials science
Über die ein mechanisches System betreffenden Theoreme von Liouville und Stäckel

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, daß ein mechanisches System, das unter Liouvilleschen Bedingungen integrierbar ist, dies auch unter Stäckelschen Bedingungen ist. Daß die Umkehrung für Systeme von zwei Freiheitsgraden gilt, wird durch den Beweis als gültig nachgewiesen, daß die allgemeine Lösung des Systems von Differentialgleichungen, das aus den Levi-Civitaschen Bedingungen für die Separierbarkeit der Hamilton- Jacobischen Gleichung entsteht, sich in diesem Falle auf den Liouvilleschen Typ reduziert. Es wird auch eine Methode zur Ableitung des Stäckelschen Theorems selbst aus den Levi-Civitaschen Bedingungen erwähnt.

Field of study: Physics
Experiments on saturated vapor pressure of aqueous lithium bromide solution at high temperatures

This work mainly focuses on the determination of the saturated vapor pressure of LiBr aqueous solution with mass fraction ranging from 43.14 to 65.26 wt% at high temperature experimentally. First, the measurement of the saturation vapor pressures is conducted in deionized water as well as in LiBr aqueous solution at a lower temperature. The experimental result has a good agreement with the literature value, which verified the reliability and accuracy of the experimental apparatus. Second, measurement of the saturated vapor pressure of LiBr aqueous solution with mass fraction ranging from 43.14 to 65.26 wt% is systematically carried out in the 156.06~257.84 °C temperature range. Based on the saturated vapor pressure data at lower temperature, a correlation for predicting the saturated vapor pressure data of the LiBr aqueous solution is obtained, which is also available for high temperature condition. Therefore, this work will be very helpful for the modeling and design of high temperature LiBr/H 2 O absorption heat transformers.

Field of study: Engineering
Transport Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin in Gold Nanotubule Membrane Modified with Cl

Gold nanotubule membranes were prepared by using electroless deposition of gold in the pores and on the surfaces of polycarbonate track-etched membranes, and the membranes were modified with Cl − . An electrochemical method ( i –t) was then developed for studying the transport properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in these nanotubule membranes. In phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4), when an electric field (l V) was applied between the two sides of the membrane, the response current decreased with the adding of BSA solution. The decrement of response current was in a linear relationship with the concentration of BSA in the range of 1.50 × 10 −10 –1.35 × 10 −9 M ( r = 0.9980), and the limit of detection was 9.46×10 −11 M ( S/N = 3).

Field of study: Chemistry
An investigation into anti-proliferative effects of microRNAs encoded by the miR-106a-363 cluster on human carcinoma cells and keratinocytes using microarray profiling of miRNA transcriptomes

Transfection of human oral squamous carcinoma cells (clone E10) with mimics for unexpressed miR-20b or miR-363-5p, encoded by the miR-106a-363 cluster (miR-20b, miR-106a, miR-363-3p, or miR-363-5p), caused 40–50% decrease in proliferation. Transfection with mimics for miR-18a or miR-92a, encoded by the miR-17-92 cluster (all members being expressed in E10 cells), had no effect on proliferation. In contrast, mimic for the sibling miRNA-19a yielded about 20% inhibition of proliferation. To investigate miRNA involvement profiling of miRNA transcriptomes were carried out using deoxyoligonucleotide microarrays. In transfectants for miR-19a, or miR-20b or miR-363-5p most differentially expressed miRNAs exhibited decreased expression, including some miRNAs encoded in paralogous miR-17-92—or miR-106b-25 cluster. Only in cells transfected with miR-19a mimic significantly increased expression of miR-20b observed—about 50-fold as judged by qRT-PCR. Further studies using qRT-PCR showed that transfection of E10 cells with mimic for miRNAs encoded by miR-17-92 - or miR-106a-363 - or the miR-106b-25 cluster confirmed selective effect on expression on sibling miRNAs. We conclude that high levels of miRNAs encoded by the miR-106a-363 cluster may contribute to inhibition of proliferation by decreasing expression of several sibling miRNAs encoded by miR-17-92 or by the miR-106b-25 cluster. The inhibition of proliferation observed in miR-19a-mimic transfectants is likely caused by the miR-19a-dependent increase in the levels of miR-20b and miR-106a. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs from miR-106a, miR-20b and miR-363-5p transfectants, but not miR-92a transfectants, yielded significant associations to “Cellular Growth and Proliferation” and “Cell Cycle.” Western blotting results showed that levels of affected proteins to differ between transfectants, suggesting that different anti-proliferative mechanisms may operate in these transfectants.

Field of study: Biology