nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Analysis of Written Reflections during a Teaching Certificate Program

To evaluate the success of a teaching certificate program by qualitatively evaluating the content and extent of participants’ reflections.  Two investigators independently identified themes within midpoint and final reflection essays across six program years. Each essay was evaluated to determine the extent of reflection in prompted teaching-related topic areas (strengths, weaknesses, assessment, feedback).  Twenty-eight themes were identified within 132 essays. Common themes encompassed content delivery, student assessment, personal successes, and challenges encountered. Deep reflection was exhibited, with 48% of essays achieving the highest level of critical reflection. Extent of reflection trended higher from midpoint to final essays, with significant increases in the strengths and feedback areas.  The teaching certificate program fostered critical reflection and self-reported positive behavior change in teaching, thus providing a high-quality professional development opportunity. Such programs should strongly consider emphasizing critical reflection through required reflective exercises at multiple points within program curricula.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating tilt sensor

A temperature-insensitive optical fiber tilt sensor is presented. The sensor scheme uses a prestrained fiber Bragg grating to sense the strain, which depends on the tilt angle. To compensate for the temperature effect, materials that have different linear thermal expansion behaviors are used for implementation of the sensor body. The differentiation in the linear thermal expansion would then cause a counter effect to the original temperature effect. Experimental tests show an accuracy of ±0.167° in tilt angle measurement. A temperature stability better than ±0.33° over the temperature range from 27 °C to 75 °C is demonstrated. The resolution 0.0067° in tilt angle measurement is achieved by using our preliminary sensor with a dimension of 16×5×5 cm3.

Field of study: Physics
A statistical analysis of papers carried by the Journal of Physical Education between 2004 and 2005

The authors carried out a statistical analysis on the authors and contents of 543 papers carried by the Journal of Physical Education between 2004 and 2005,and revealed the following findings: The authors in the Journal of Physical Education are mostly teachers in common colleges and universities,who are mainly distributed in cities and provinces in which the level of economic development is high and sports undertaking is well developed,and are characterized with high job title,high educational level,rational age structure,ratio of author to region,and proportion between internal contributions and external contributions,high percentage of collaborated papers,high rate of referred articles,and the number of papers of projects financed by funds being significantly increased,etc.The overall level of this journal is listed high among journals in the same category.However,there are such phenomena as extremely unbalanced distribution of regions of the authors,and somewhat too high proportion of article referred papers in the works category.

Field of study: Education
Gluconeogenesis in mouse-liver slices.

1. The rate of gluconeogenesis from amino acids and other known precursors in slices of mouse liver after depletion of liver glycogen by means of phlorrhizin was high with l-lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, d-glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, d-fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, alpha-glycerophosphate, alanine, proline, threonine, serine and propionate. 2. The rate was unexpectedly low or even negligible with glutamate, aspartate, other glucogenic amino acids and the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. Glutamine and asparagine gave higher rates than the corresponding amino acids but still much lower rates than kidney cortex. 4. Livers of male mice gave much lower rates than livers of female mice. Kidney cortex showed no sex difference. 5. Livers of mice fed on a low-carbohydrate diet gave the same rates as livers of mice fed on a normal diet under the test conditions, i.e. 3hr. after an injection of phlorrhizin. 6. Much carbohydrate was formed from endogenous precursors and this was accompanied by release of ammonia and urea. 7. Gluconeogenesis in well-fed mice not treated with phlorrhizin was low. 8. Maximum rates were observed 3hr. after phlorrhizin treatment. 9. Prolonged phlorrhizin treatment did not prevent extensive deposition of liver glycogen, after an initial depletion. 10. Gluconeogenesis in livers of mice fed on a high-fat diet was relatively low. 11. Livers of alloxan-diabetic mice had a high carbohydrate content after phlorrhizin treatment, and gluconeogenesis from endogenous sources was about twice as high as in normal animals. Added substrates had about the same effect in normal and diabetic livers.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Organisational Factors as Antecedents of University Academic Staff Research Productivity

This study explored whetherorganisational factors such as technological progress, computer skills, research funding, and human resourceswere significant antecedents of academic staff research productivity in chartered private universities in Uganda. The study stemmed from reportedly low levels of research productivity of the academic staff in private universities in the country in spite of the numerousinterventionsby the Government of Uganda to spur research in both public and private higher education institutions.Using the quantitative approach anddescriptive cross-sectional survey research design, the researchers collected data using a pre-testedself-administered questionnaire from a sample of 210 academic staff drawn from four out of nine chartered private universities in the country. The data were analysed with the use of appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study findings showed, among others, that while technological progress (β = 0.425, p = 0.000 < 0.05) and possession of computer skills (β = 0.329, p = 0.000 < 0.05) were positive and significant antecedents of research productivity, research funding (β = -0.003, p = 0.965 < 0.05)and human resources (β = 0.073, p = 0.186 < 0.05) were respectively negative and positive but non-significant antecedents of academic staff’s research productivity in the universities studied. Therefore, it was concluded that although organisational factors, overall, were significant antecedents of university academic staff’s research productivity, some of its elements such as technological progress and possession of computer skills were more significant antecedents than others – implying that in order to boost the research productivity of the academic staff, university managers need to place proportionate emphasis on these factors if they are to create an enabling research environment in their institutions.  Organisational factors, Antecedents, Academic staff, Research productivity, Universities DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-18-11 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Field of study: Education
Spectrometric Studies on Interaction Between Metal Ions and DNA-Binding Domain of Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Site-specific recognition and DNA-binding activity of tumor suppressor protein p53 are crucial for its tumor suppressor function. Previous reports have shown that metal ions could affect specific recognition and DNA-binding activity of p53 DNA-binding domain (p53DBD). In this study, we investigated the binding reaction between p53DBD and nine kinds of metal ions by fluorescence titration method, the binding affinity of metal ions to p53DBD is Fe 3+ > Zn 2+ > Cu 2+ > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Ba 2+ > Mn 2+ > Ni 2+ > Co 2+ . Analysis of the far-UV CD data suggested that the binding of Ba 2+ , Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ and Ni 2+ did not induce changes in protein secondary structure. The binding of Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ induced a subtle conformational change, whereas the binding of Cu 2+ resulted in a lot of loss in its helical content. Analysis of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid binding data showed that the binding of Mg 2+ enhanced hydrophobic exposure on protein surface such as Zn 2+ , whereas Fe 3+ decreased hydrophobic exposure. Therefore, Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ may be one of potential factors to affect or regulate the transactivation of p53.

Field of study: Chemistry
Evidence for potential impacts of ozone on Pinus cembra L. at mountain sites in Europe: an overview.

We summarize what is known about the impact of ozone (O(3)) on Pinus cembra in the timberline ecotone of the central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. In the central European Alps exposure to ambient and two-fold ambient O(3) throughout one growing season did neither cause any visible injury nor affect the photosynthetic machinery and biochemical parameters in current to 1-year-old needles. By contrast, in the southern French Alps and in the Carpathians 1-year-old needles of Pinus cembra trees showed visual symptoms similar to those observed in O(3) stressed pine stands in southern California. For the southern French Alps the observed symptoms could clearly be attributed O(3) and differences in O(3) uptake seems to be the likely key factor for explaining the observed decline. For the Carpathians however, other reasons such as drought may not be excluded in eliciting the observed symptoms. Thus, the action of O(3) has always to be evaluated in concert with other environmental impacts, determining the tree's sensitivity to stress.

Field of study: Environmental science
A survey on key management mechanisms for distributed Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have a vast field of applications, including deployment in hostile environments. Thus, the adoption of security mechanisms is fundamental. However, the extremely constrained nature of sensors and the potentially dynamic behavior of WSNs hinder the use of key management mechanisms commonly applied in modern networks. For this reason, many lightweight key management solutions have been proposed to overcome these constraints. In this paper, we review the state of the art of these solutions and evaluate them based on metrics adequate for WSNs. We focus on pre-distribution schemes well-adapted for homogeneous networks (since this is a more general network organization), thus identifying generic features that can improve some of these metrics. We also discuss some challenges in the area and future research directions.

Field of study: Computer science
Structure of Si(100)-(2 x 1) surface using UHV transmission electron diffraction.

Details of the atomic structure for the Si(100)-(2×1) surface using UHV transmission electron diffraction are described. Reliability factor minimizations of the dynamical diffraction intensities establish conclusively the asymmetry in the structure. Fits performed using multilayer subsurface relaxations to match analytical strain solutions demonstrate the existence of long range subsurface strain fields extending up to six layers into the bulk

Field of study: Physics
The reaction of blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis against human connective tissue cells in vitro.

Blood lymphocytes from twenty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis and twenty-two controls were incubated on monolayers of human fibroblasts in a serum-free medium. Lymphocytes from nineteen of the rheumatoid patients caused severe damage to the fibroblasts within 72 hr. The findings support the idea that sensitized lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The in vitro test may be useful in clinical practice in distinguishing rheumatoid from non-rheumatoid arthritis.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
A reaction-diffusion model of spatial propagation of A[Formula: see text] oligomers in early stage Alzheimer's disease.

The misconformation and aggregation of the protein Amyloid-Beta (A[Formula: see text]) is a key event in the propagation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Different types of assemblies are identified, with long fibrils and plaques deposing during the late stages of AD. In the earlier stages, the disease spread is driven by the formation and the spatial propagation of small amorphous assemblies called oligomers. We propose a model dedicated to studying those early stages, in the vicinity of a few neurons and after a polymer seed has been formed. We build a reaction-diffusion model, with a Becker-Döring-like system that includes fragmentation and size-dependent diffusion. We hereby establish the theoretical framework necessary for the proper use of this model, by proving the existence of solutions using a fixed point method.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Rheological, Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Studies of the Ldpe/Perlite Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and nano perlite were prepared at various perlite contents via melt mixing in a twin-screw extruder. Rheological measurements, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were carried out on the nanocomposites. The results confirmed the establishment of interactions between LDPE matrix and treated nano perlite. In addition, dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of the treated nanocomposites were improved.

Field of study: Materials science
Versuch zum Nachweis der Polarisation der Röntgenstrahlen einer Lilienfeld-Röntgenröhre

ZusammenfassungObwohl die Lilienfeld-Röntgenröhre ein fast vollkommen linear polarisiertes blaues Licht mit kontinuierlichem Spektrum vom Brennfleck aussendet, war eine Polarisation ihrer ungefilterten Röntgen-Bremsstrahlung bei 100 kV mit dem Debye-Scherrer-Verfahrcu nicht nachweisbar.

Field of study: Physics
Обзор нормативных документов по вопросам налогообложения за cентябрь-октябрь 2013г

В истекший период времени стагнацию в экономике преодолеть не удалось, но одновременно следует отметить, что российская экономика проявила неплохую стрессоустойчивость. Это, по нашему мнению, может свидетельствовать о постепенной ее адаптации к рынку. Прошло проверку на эффективность «бюджетное правило» – паводок в районе реки Амур не привел к коллапсу системы бюджетных отношений, внезапное банкротство банка «Пушкино» (Московская область) не потребовало дополнительного вливания государственных средств и было локализовано за счет ресурсов Агентства по страхованию вкладов. Все это свидетельствует о том, что защитные механизмы государственных финансов в нештатной ситуации сработали надлежащим образом, не было необходимости ни увеличивать налоговую нагрузку, ни прибегать к внеплановым экстренным заимствованиям. Наиболее обсуждаемой темой в рассматриваемый период стала новая пенсионная формула и предложение об использовании в 2014 г. накопительного компонента на оплату текущих пенсионных выплат. Кроме того, в экономической прессе обсуждались некоторые налоговые инициативы, которые требуют детальной проработки..

Field of study: Economics
The Company Regional Comprehensive Universities Desire to Keep: Choosing Institutional Membership Associations

This article presents findings from a multiple-case study examining administrator choice in and use of institutional membership associations (IMAs) among Regional Comprehensive Universities (RCUs). The study’s purpose was to understand what choice of IMAs revealed about status-seeking and mission-centeredness among RCU administrators. Also examined was how administrators leverage IMAs to position their institutions in the broader postsecondary field. Neo-institutional and network theories guided analysis of two RCU subsets: those that discontinued membership in an RCU association, and current members of the same association that changed Carnegie Classification. Analysis found that membership associations operate similarly to the Carnegie Classifications in the minds of administrators. RCU administrators were interested in the informational resources provided by membership associations that would strengthen their commitment to the historic RCU mission (mission-centeredness), or modify this mission to refocus on the liberal arts or research (status-seeking). Among administrators that had discontinued the RCU association, status concerns were related to this decision. There was also a relationship between choice of membership association and change in Carnegie Classification. Participants saw these groupings (Carnegie and associations) conflating under the advancement of status. Finally, some administrators maintained dual memberships in order to pursue competing priorities related to mission-centeredness and status-seeking.

Field of study: Education
Spatial variations of interface properties in palladium silicide/silicon structures

The spectral distributions of the opto-electric yields of Pd2Si/Si metal-semiconductor structures with large areas on p-type (100)-oriented silicon have been investigated. Considerable differences were found between different subareas of the silicide contact. The energy barrier heights in the inner part of a circular area with a diameter of 7 mm were found to deviate from the energy barrier closer to the periphery by about 0.1 eV. Furthermore, the spectral forms of the photo-yield curves for the two regions were completely different. The inner areas exhibited a maximum in their yield spectra while a traditional behaviour with a steadily growing spectral function was found when the entire area was illuminated.

Field of study: Materials science
Comparative measurements of water vapor fluxes over a tall forest using open- and closed-path eddy covariance system

Eddy covariance using infrared gas analyzes has been a useful tool for gas exchange measurements between soil, vegetation and the atmosphere. So far, comparisons between the open- and closed-path eddy covariance (CP) system have been extensively made on CO2 flux estimations, while lacking in the comparison of water vapor flux estimations. In this study, the specific performance of water vapor flux measurements of an open-path eddy covariance (OP) system was compared against a CP system over a tall temperate forest in northeastern China. The results show that the fluxes from the OP system (LEop) were generally greater than the LEcp though the two systems shared one sonic anemometer. The tube delay of closed-path analyzer depended on relative humidity, and the fixed median time lag contributed to a significant underestimation of LEcp between the forest and atmosphere, while slight systematic overestimation was also found for covariance maximization method with single broad time lag search window. After the optimized time lag compensation was made, the average difference between the 30 min LEop and LEcp was generally within 6.0 %. Integrated over the annual cycle, the CP system yielded a 5.1 % underestimation of forest evapotranspiration as compared to the OP system measurements (493 vs. 469 mm yr−1). This study indicates the importance to estimate the sampling tube delay accurately for water vapor flux calculations with closed-path analyzers, and it also suggests that some of the imbalance of the surface energy budget in flux sites is possibly caused by the systematic underestimation of water vapor fluxes measured with closed-path eddy covariance systems.

Field of study: Environmental science
[A method for the self-assessment of social adaptation in parkinsonism patients].

The rating scale of self-estimation of social adaptation which permits to determine the patient's adaptation in three life spheres (professional-working, family and self-service) was described. 103 patients with different forms of parkinsonism were examined by means of this scale. High effectiveness of this scale is demonstrated for estimation of the influence of such parameters as the disease gravity, its clinical form, mnemic-intellectual disorders expression, age and the duration of disease on social adaptation. Such effect determines the validity of the scale for the prognosis of the disease development.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Young rats exhibit an age- and sex-dependent bladder response to alpha-antagonists but not beta-agonists.

Previous studies have suggested that the onset of alpha- (α) and beta- (β) adrenergic receptor activity is delayed in young animals. The use of alpha1- (α1-) antagonists for dysfunctional voiding, and beta3- (β3-) agonists for overactive bladder in younger children may not be indicated if maturation is required before bladder and urethral adrenergic receptors are active.



To determine the sex- and age-dependent responses of the bladder and external urethral sphincter (EUS) to α- and β-adrenergic agents in neonatal and young adult rats.



A total of 72 naïve Sprague-Dawley rats (36 female, 36 male) and 15 bladder-reduced (BR) female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cystometry and EUS electromyography at 3, 6, and 9 weeks of life. Following administration of WAY 100,635 (0.3 mg/kg, serotonergic receptor antagonist), the non-selective α-agonist phenylephrine (0.3 mg/kg), α-antagonist phentolamine (1-3 mg/kg), β-agonist isoprenaline (3 mg/kg) and β-antagonist propranolol (3 mg/kg) were delivered intravenously. The maximum intravesical pressure (IVP), pressure threshold (PT), intermicturition interval (IMI), contraction duration (CD), burst amplitude and burst frequency were compared after each drug.



The α-antagonist phentolamine lowered the IVP in 9-week-old males without lowering the PT. In contrast, the β-agonist isoprenaline lowered the IVP in both males and females of all ages, also without affecting the PT. Isoprenaline was also effective at shortening the CD in females, suggesting more effective bladder emptying. The α-agonist phenylephrine increased the IVP in 3-week-old and 6-week-old females and 3-week-old males, but this effect was blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine. The β-antagonist propranolol increased the PT in both males and females, and shortened the IMI in females, which was consistent with retention. Phenylephrine increased the burst duration in 9-week-old naïve females, while isoprenaline increased the burst amplitude and duration in 9-week-old BR females.



In the neonatal rat, both α- and β-adrenergic receptors actively regulate bladder function by 3 weeks of life, but the desired effect of decreasing IVP by α-antagonists was delayed until 9 weeks in male rats. In contrast, β-agonists were effective at decreasing IVP in both male and female rats of all ages, which suggests that they are better agents for enhancing bladder emptying in female and young male rats.

Field of study: Medicine
A TEMPERATURE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL WITH MASS ELEMENT OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER

Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a new kind shock absorption device of structure, which is affected by the applied magnetic field and temperature, etc. At present, many research efforts have been focused on performance test and mathematical model of MR damper, but the available models cannot capture the stiction phenomenon, inertial effect and temperature-rise effect during vibration. A temperature phenomenological model with mass element is proposed based on principle of fluid energy conservation. A numerical example is given in which the proposed mathematical model embodies not only the temperature’s effect on MR damper but also the force-displacement and force-velocity nonlinear relationships of MR damper. The stiction phenomenon, inertial effect and the force roll-off in the low velocity region, are all well simulated.

Field of study: Engineering