nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Casting Process and Properties of AM60B Magnesium Alloy with Sr,Y and Nd

To improve the high temperature creep resistance of magnesium alloys,Sr and rare earth Y and Nd were introduced into AM60B.AM60B and AM60B+(Sr,Y,Nd) alloys with high density were prepared when protecting with cover agent.The mechanical properties of AM60B magnesium alloy at room temperature were improved by the addition of Sr,Y and Nd.

Field of study: Materials science
Chloroplast division protein ARC3 acts on FtsZ2 by preventing filament bundling and enhancing GTPase activity.

Chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacterial endosymbiotic ancestors and their division is a complex process initiated by the assembly of cytoskeletal FtsZ (Filamentous temperature sensitive Z) proteins into a ring structure at the division site (Z-ring). The cyanobacterial Z-ring positioning system (MinCDE proteins) is also conserved in chloroplasts, except that MinC was lost and replaced by the eukaryotic ARC3 (accumulation and replication of chloroplasts). Both MinC and ARC3 act as negative regulators of FtsZ assembly, but ARC3 bears little sequence similarity with MinC. Here, light scattering assays, co-sedimentation, GTPase assay and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with single-particle analysis have been used to elucidate the structure of ARC3 and its effect on its main target in chloroplast division, FtsZ2. Analysis of FtsZ2 in vitro assembly reactions in the presence and absence of GMPCPP showed that ARC3 promotes FtsZ2 debundling and disassembly of existing filaments in a concentration-dependent manner and requires GTP hydrolysis. Three-dimensional reconstruction of ARC3 revealed an almost circular molecule in which the FtsZ-binding N-terminus and the C-terminal PARC6 (paralog of ARC6)-binding MORN (Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus) domain are in close proximity and suggest a model for PARC6-enabled binding of ARC3 to FtsZ2. The latter is corroborated by in vivo data.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
[Molecular epidemiological analysis of species B enteroviruses isolated from Henan Province of China during the six months in 2010].

This report presents an overview of human enterovirus B species in Henan Province. A total of 14 isolates of HEV-B species isolated under HFMD surveillance network during the six months in 2010 were examined. Based on molecular typing results targeting VP1 region, 14 isolates were classified into 6 serotypes of HEV-B. Furthermore, comparison of these 14 isolates with reference strains and strains in mainland China was conducted. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that E25, E11 and E6 showed homology with those from Shandong Province which adjoins Henan Province. E1 and E13 showed homology with those from Yunnan Province, and E30 showed homology with Henan strain isolated in 2008. Cocirculation of two lineages of echovirus 6 was observed.

Field of study: Biology
Broad Sense of Association Rules Mining Algorithm

This paper provides a classification of associationrulesin DataMin ing,analysessometypicalalgorithms. finaly,itbr ingsforwarda broadsenseof associationruleminingalgorith m-AR_SET,Thealgorithmcalculates thefrequent itemsetsby setoperation--UnionandDisjoin,andspeedsupthemining.

Field of study: Computer science
PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE: TENSÃO NA CIÊNCIA E O ENSINO DOS JOGOS ESPORTIVOS COLETIVOS

O alargamento das possibilidades de compreensao do fenomeno esporte e avancos em Pedagogia do Esporte tiveram um importante papel da ciencia, observando os diferentes personagens, cenarios, significados e finalidades do esporte. Todavia, no bojo das transformacoes que alcancaram a sociedade contemporânea, a propria ciencia viu-se em meio a crises e rupturas paradigmaticas. E e esta a alocacao deste estudo, que discute as relacoes entre os paradigmas tradicionais da ciencia e a consolidacao de metodologias e procedimentos pedagogicos pioneiros no trato com os Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JEC), muitos dos quais ainda perduram em diferentes contextos de ensino, aprendizagem e vivencia do esporte. Assim, estando no presente (crises, rupturas paradigmatica) olhando para o passado (ciencia normal, conhecimento acumulado), sera possivel vislumbrar os pressupostos que apontem para uma ciencia contemporânea, especificamente sob a otica da Pedagogia do Esporte. Palavras chave: Ciencia; Pedagogia do Esporte; Jogos Esportivos Coletivos;   The enlargement of the possibilities to understand the Sport and the advances in Sport Pedagogy phenomenon had an important support of science, observing the different characters, backgrounds, meanings and purposes of the sport. However, in the wake of the transformations that have reached the contemporary society, science found itself in the midst of crises and paradigmatic ruptures. And this is the allocation of this essay, which discusses the relationship between the traditional paradigms of science and consolidation of methodologies and pioneer pedagogical procedures in dealing with Collective Sports Games (JEC), many of which still exist in different contexts of teaching, learning and experience of sport. Thus, being in the present (crisis breaks paradigmatic) looking back (normal science, accumulated knowledge), you can glimpse the assumptions that point to a contemporary science, specifically from the perspective of Sport Pedagogy.  Science, Sport Pedagogy; Team Games;

Field of study: Education
Role of ALKBH1 in the Core Transcriptional Network of Embryonic Stem Cells

ALKBH1, an AlkB homologue in the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent hydroxylase family, is a histone dioxygenase that removes methyl groups from histone H2A. Studies of transgenic mice lacking Alkbh1 reveal that most Alkbh1-/- embryos die during embryonic development. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from these mice have prolonged expression of pluripotency markers and delayed induction of genes involved in neural differentiation, indicating that ALKBH1 is involved in regulation of pluripotency and differentiation. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role ALKBH1 in early development.  Double-filter methods for nitrocellulose-filter binding, dot blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immonocytochemistry, cell culture and differentiation of mouse ESCs, Co-IP and miRNA analysis.  We found that SOX2 and NANOG bind the ALKBH1 promoter, and we identified protein-protein interactions between ALKBH1 and these core transcription factors of the pluripotency network. Furthermore, lack of ALKBH1 affected the expression of developmentally important miRNAs, which are involved in the regulation of NANOG, SOX2 and neural differentiation.  Our results suggest that ALKBH1 interacts with the core transcriptional pluripotency network of ESCs and is involved in regulation of pluripotency and differentiation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a Midwestern City: Child Characteristics, Maternal Risk Traits, and Prevalence.

To determine the characteristics of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and their mothers in a Midwestern city.



Case-control samples were drawn from 2 separate first-grade cohorts (combined N = 4,047) in every city school using different methods. In Cohort Sample 1, all consented small children (≤25th centile on height, weight, and/or head circumference) entered the study along with a random sample from all enrolled students. Cohort Sample 2 was drawn totally at random. Child growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior were assessed using the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence (CoFASP) criteria, and mothers were interviewed.



For the samples combined, 891 children received dysmorphology examinations, and 692 were case-conferenced for final diagnosis. Forty-four children met criteria for FASD. Total dysmorphology scores differentiated diagnostic groups: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 16.7; partial FAS, 11.8; alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), 6.1; and typically developing controls, 4.2. Neurobehavioral tests distinguished children with FASD from controls, more for behavioral problems than cognitive delay. Children with ARND demonstrated the poorest neurobehavioral indicators. An adjusted regression model of usual prepregnancy drinking indicated that maternal reports of 3 drinks per drinking day (DDD) were significantly associated with a FASD diagnosis (p = 0.020, OR = 10.1, 95% CI = 1.44 to 70.54), as were 5 or more DDD (p < 0.001, OR = 26.47, 95% CI = 4.65 to 150.62). Other significant maternal risk factors included the following: self-reported drinking in any trimester; smoking and cocaine use during pregnancy; later pregnancy recognition and later and less prenatal care; lower maternal weight, body mass index (BMI), and head circumference; and unmarried status. There was no significant difference in FASD prevalence by race, Hispanic ethnicity, or socioeconomic status at this site, where the prevalence of FASD was 14.4 to 41.2 per 1,000 (1.4 to 4.1%).



This city displayed the lowest prevalence of FASD of the 4 CoFASP sites. Nevertheless, FASD were common, and affected children demonstrated a common, recognizable, and measurable array of traits.

Field of study: Medicine
Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services: An Empirical Investigation at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia

The current research investigates the factors influencing patient satisfaction with pharmacy services at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH). This research proposes and tests a three-factor model that influence patient satisfaction. These factors include accessibility, availability of medications, and pharmacy staff attitude as independent variables, while the dependent variable is patient satisfaction. In order to explore this issue, a quantitative method was used in the form of a questionnaire issued in KFAFH in Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia. The research targeted 333 patients as a representative sample, rather than the whole population. A random sample was used to choose the participants in this research. The research retrieved 290 valid questionnaires, which represented a reponse rate of 87%. The results confirm significant differences in the influence of these factors on patient satisfaction. The research concludes that there are significant influences from accessibility and availability of pharmacy services, whereas there is no significant influence of staff attitudes on patient satisfaction. The research recommends improving the accessibility and availability of medication regularly and continuously. It is also recommended that pharmacy services should conduct training courses to improve staff skills and attitudes to deal with patients.

Field of study: Business
Field Angle Dependence of Critical Current Density in YGdBCO Coated Conductor

The improvement of critical current density properties of REBCO coated conductors for applications in superconducting power devices is desired. It is known that the critical current density Jc of REBCO thin films made by the TFA-MOD method in a magnetic field is greatly improved by the introduction of BZO-nanoparticles of a non-superconducting phase as artificial pinning centers. In addition, the field angle anisotropy can also be reduced by isotropic flux pinning interactions of nanoparticles. However, a detailed report on the mechanism of flux pinning with a quantitative investigation in such coated conductors has not been given. In this study, the field angle dependence of the critical current density is measured for TFA-MOD-processed YGdBCO coated conductor with a superconducting layer of 0.65 μm thick, and the results are theoretically analysed to clarify the flux pinning mechanism.

Field of study: Physics
Inter-calibration of polar imager solar channels using SEVIRI

Accurate calibration of satellite imagers is a prerequisite for using their measurements in climate applications. Here we present a method for the inter-calibration of geostationary and polar-orbiting imager solar channels based on regressions of collocated near-nadir reflectances. Specific attention is paid to correcting for differences in spectral response between instruments. The method is used to calibrate the solar channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the geostationary Meteosat satellite with corresponding channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the polar-orbiting Aqua satellite. The SEVIRI operational calibration is found to be stable during the years 2004 to 2009, but offset by −8, −6, and +3.5 % for channels 1 (0.6 μm), 2 (0.8 μm), and 3 (1.6 μm), respectively. These results are robust for a range of choices that can be made regarding data collocation and selection, as long as the viewing and illumination geometries of the two instruments are matched. Uncertainties in the inter-calibration method are estimated to be 1 % for channel 1 and 1.5 % for channels 2 and 3. A specific application of our method is the inter-calibration of polar imagers using SEVIRI as a transfer instrument. This offers an alternative to direct inter-calibration, which in general has to rely on high-latitude collocations. Using this method we have tied MODIS-Terra and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites 17 and 18 to MODIS-Aqua for the years 2007 to 2009. While reflectances of the two MODIS instruments differ less than 2 % for all channels considered, deviations of an existing AVHRR calibration from MODIS-Aqua reach −3.5 and +2.5 % for the 0.8 and 1.6 μm channels, respectively.

Field of study: Environmental science
Second law based modeling to optimum design of high capacity pulse tube refrigerators

The optimum design of a high capacity double inlet pulse tube refrigerator based on second law of thermodynamics has been presented in this paper. Second law is applied to calculate the work loss in the regenerator and to optimize the cryocooler performance. To investigate the behavior of the pulse tube refrigerator, mass and energy balance equations are applied to several control volumes of the cryocooler cycle. A complete system of conservation equations is employed to solve the regenerator analytically. The proposed model reports the cooling capacity of 110 W at 80 K cold end temperature at frequency of 50 Hz, orifice conductance of 0.4 and double inlet coefficient of 0.6, with 2.4 kW net power delivered to the gas. In this case, the entropy generation in the gas phase is dominant which is contributing more than 85% of the total lost work in the regenerator. The optimum thermal efficiency of 99.1% was achieved at a proper mesh number. However, the second law efficiency is reported to have an inverse behavior at this mesh number.

Field of study: Engineering
Parents and Daughters: Change in the Practice of Dowry in São Paulo (1600-1770)

T is generally accepted that there were few changes in the structure of the Brazilian colonial family, and that only in the nineteenth century did the power of the patriarch decline.' This essay challenges the view of an immutable colonial family by describing significant changes in the practice of dowry between the midseventeenth and mideighteenth centuries that reflect a shift in patriarchal/parental power.2 I have used the term "parental" interchangeably

Field of study: History
A response duration schedule: effects of training, extinction, and deprivation.

Rats were trained to hold down a lever for at least 40 consecutive seconds. When the lever had been held down for 40 sec, white noise came on. Releasing the bar in the presence of the noise turned off the noise and operated a feeder that delivered a pellet of food. At the end of training, frequency distributions of response durations peaked at 40 to 41 sec. If as in training, holding down the lever produced white noise at the end of 40 sec, and release of the lever terminated the noise and operated the feeder, but no food delivery occurred, duration distributions and several other measures were initially not very different from when food was delivered. However, if during extinction white noise was never produced by lever holding, and feeder operation did not occur upon lever release, most responses were shorter than 1 sec in duration, some were much longer than 41 sec, and duration distributions did not peak at 40 to 41 sec. When reinforcement was reinstated after extinction, performance quickly returned to pre-extinction measures. Further sessions at different levels of deprivation produced only temporary disruptions in performance.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
An Analysis of Quality Improvement Education at US Colleges of Pharmacy

Analyze quality improvement (QI) education across US pharmacy programs.  This was a two stage cross-sectional study that inspected each accredited school website for published QI curriculum or related content, and e-mailed a questionnaire to each school asking about QI curriculum or content. T-test and chi square were used for analysis with an alpha a priori set at .05.  Sixty responses (47% response rate) revealed the least-covered QI topics: quality dashboards /sentinel systems (30%); six-sigma or other QI methodologies (45%); safety and quality measures (57%); Medicare Star measures and payment incentives (58%); and how to implement changes to improve quality (60%). More private institutions covered Adverse Drug Events than public institutions and required a dedicated QI class; however, required QI projects were more often reported by public institutions.  Despite the need for pharmacists to understand QI, it is not covered well in school curricula.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Effect of K Substitution on Local Structure 
of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2−xKxCa2Cu3O10+δ System Probed by Extended 
X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure

The effect of K substitution on the local atomic structure of polycrystalline Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2−xKxCa2Cu3O10+δ samples (BSCCO, x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.10) has been investigated. Unlike in other cases of alkaline substitution, the transition temperature Tc of the K-substituted BSCCO samples decreased systematically with increasing K content. Such decreasing Tc behavior supposedly originates from changes in the local structure of the BSCCO system. Analysis of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data measured at both the Cu K-edge and Sr K-edge revealed that, as the K content was increased, the Cu–O and Cu–Sr bonds systematically extended, while the Sr–O bond distance gradually reduced. The corresponding mean-square relative displacement (MSRD), which represents the average local distortion, showed large alteration in both the CuO2 and SrO planes. Local atomic displacement due to K substitution seemed to weaken the interaction between the conduction layer and spacer layer, resulting in a drastic decrease of the Tc values. Overall, these experimental results provide important information to understand the correlation between the superconductivity and local structure of K-substituted BSCCO.

Field of study: Materials science
Application of TLCODE method to parallel transmission lines

In this paper the circuit modeling of parallel transmission lines by TLCODE method is introduced.The formula of interface voltage between parallel transmission lines and the series transmission line,necessary for TLCODE,is deduced,and a PSPICE circuit with four parallel transmission lines is constructed.The comparison of calculated results between TLCODE and PSPICE shows that the modeling of parallel transmission lines by TLCODE method is valid.

Field of study: Physics
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the thermostable catechol 2,3-dioxygenase of Bacillus stearothermophilus expressed in Escherichia coli.

The thermostable catechol 2,3-dioxygenase of Bacillus stearothermophilus has been crystallized. The crystal is probably in the space group I222 with unit-cell dimensions of a = 70.87, b = 74.60 and c = 133.69 A. A native data set has been collected with a completeness of 96% at 2.22 A resolution and an Rmerge value of 0.091.

Field of study: Chemistry
Categorization and Stereotypes about Men and Women

This experiment examined the relationship between categorization by gender and stereotyping of men and women. After listening to a recorded discussion, college students tried to match up the male and female discussants with their statements. They then evaluated on stereotype measures either these speakers or men and women they had not seen before. Results showed that categorization, that is, the difference between intra -and intersex recognition errors, was correlated with sex-stereotyping of discussion participants on one of two stereotype measures. Categorization was unrelated to stereotyping of individuals whose behavior was not observed. These results suggest that categorization may produce different impressions of individuals from different categories by biasing the specific information associated with them, but that these impressions may not generalize to stereotypes about category members in general.

Field of study: Psychology
People and mammals in Mexico: conservation conflicts at a national scale

Contrary to much supposition, recent studies, typically at global and continent-wide scales, have documented a positive relationship between spatial variations in human density and species richness of selected groups of vertebrates. How widely this pattern generalises remains unknown, and particularly how well it extends to analyses at the extent of a country and at reasonably fine spatial resolution, and to regions with well-developed mechanised agricultural infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate that there is a positive relationship between human density and mammal species richness across Mexico, and that this appears to follow from similar patterns between spatial environmental variation (particularly net primary productivity, precipitation and temperature) and both human density and mammal species richness. These results have some potentially important implications for conservation planning in the region, particularly given that optimal complementary sets of areas to represent all mammal species in Mexico tend to lie in areas of disproportionately high human density.

Field of study: Environmental science
Can Future Internet be based on constrained networks design principles?

In this paper, we explore the possibility that contributions in the fields of constrained networks (e.g. wireless sensor networks) could serve as the basis for building the architecture of the Future Internet. Consequently, we propose the design of a ubiquitous, context-aware and evolvable network architecture able to cope with the requirements of restricted networks and devices. The architecture is designed to avoid hierarchical layering, so we propose a service-oriented approach for a flow-oriented context-aware network architecture where communications are composed on the fly (by exploiting reusable components) according to the needs and requirements of the consumed service. Furthermore, the architecture can be extended for other environments, so we also address how to extend it for fulfilling the different ''Internet of'' visions.

Field of study: Computer science
The Tohoku University 680 Model Cyclotron and Facility

The acceptance test of the 680 model cyclotron at the Cyclotron Radioisotope Center of Tohoku University was completed in December, 1977. The fundamental design is that of CGR-MeV, France, and the machine was constructed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries. Based upon the experience of the first machine of this model built at CNRS (Orleans, France), some modifications to boost proton energy from 38 MeV to 40 MeV were carried out. During the acceptance test, an emittance measurement at 40 MeV proton energy with 40 ¿A extracted current was conducted in order to have accurate information for delivery of beam through the beam transport. The emittance was 22 and 31 mm mrad at the X and Y axes, respectively. A simple beam energy resolution experiment also was carried out, namely the measurement of elastic scattered particles from a thin foil of iron, using an SSD.

Field of study: Physics