nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement and characteristic evaluation of target circumferential topography with AFM

A measurement apparatus which composes of a reformed atomic force microscope(AFM),a precision rotating air-bearing and a auxiliary transform rotary is developed.The spindle error is approximately 0.049 μm.This apparatus can measure the inertial confinement fusion(ICF) target's circles in three orthogonal orientations.With the measured data of given targets,the sphericity,surface roughness and power spectrum were analyzed.The results showed that the sphericity was approximately 0.42 μm,and the average surface roughnesses were 105.7,12.2,6.2 and 18.25 nm corresponding to the mode number in the range of 2~10,11~50,51~100,and 101~1000,respectively.The average one-dimensional spectrum as a function of the mode number was also calculated.

Field of study: Physics
Genetics of Schizophrenia

The genetic basis of schizophrenia has been a hotly debated research topic for decades, yet recent studies, especially in the past year, have confirmed genetics as the major cause of this complex condition. Psychiatry has come of age: it is perhaps more difficult for the current generation of psychiatrists, to comprehend how the biological root of the condition could have been denied for so long. Here we review how highly collaborative global efforts to pool samples, utilise the very latest advances in genotyping and high throughput sequencing technologies, and application of robust statistical analysis have reaped phenomenal rewards. The major findings are that schizophrenia is a highly polygenic disorder with a complex array of risk loci, many include genes implicated also in intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. These candidate genes converge on key neuronal signalling pathways identifying novel targets for potential future therapeutic intervention.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Preclinical Studies of the Biosafety and Efficacy of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pre-Seeded into β-TCP Scaffolds after Transplantation

Cell-Based Therapies (CBT) constitute a valid procedure for increasing the quantity and quality of bone in areas with an inadequate bone volume. However, safety and efficacy should be investigated prior to clinical application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution, safety and osteogenic capacity of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) pre-seeded into β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and implanted into NOD/SCID mice at subcutaneous and intramuscular sites.  hBMMSCs were isolated, characterized and then cultured in vitro on a porous β-TCP scaffold. Cell viability and attachment were analyzed and then hBMMSCs seeded constructs were surgically placed at subcutaneous and intramuscular dorsal sites into NOD/SCID mice. Acute and subchronic toxicity, cell biodistribution and efficacy were investigated.  There were no deaths or adverse events in treated mice during the 48-hour observation period, and no toxic response was observed in mice. In the 12-week subchronic toxicity study, no mortalities, abnormal behavioral symptoms or clinical signs were observed in the saline control mice or the hBMMSCs/β-TCP groups. Finally, our results showed the bone-forming capacity of hBMMSCs/β-TCP since immunohistochemical expression of human osteocalcin was detected from week 7.  These results show that transplantation of hBMMSCs/β-TCP in NOD/SCID mice are safe and effective, and might be applied to human bone diseases in future clinical trials.

Field of study: Materials science
Research and Design of Distributed File Sharing System on Peer-to-Peer Structure

File sharing system is an important area in peer-to-peer technology. Current research on P2P structure that has made a highly controlling routing scheme with limited hops of message transfer, now turn to pursue lower network latency that is more factual. According to this, a multi-decision-sequences model is proposed, to get a higher transmission rate and cut down the cost of the broad band. And based on it, it ensure a file sharing system with load balance and low network latency, by the P2P transfer scheme of time-sharing exclusive broad band.

Field of study: Computer science
Cell death and associated c-jun induction in perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Effect of the neuroprotective drug dexamethasone.

Previous studies in a model of unilateral hypoxia-ischemia in the developing rat brain have shown induction of the mRNAs of c-fos and c-jun and presence of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. In this same model, dexamethasone confers neuroprotection if given before the insult. Since c-fos and c-jun have been involved in several models of cell death, we investigated whether the neuroprotective effect of dexamethasone could be associated with changes in expression of these genes. Rat pups, pre-treated with either 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone or vehicle 48 h, 24 h and immediately before the injury, were subjected to ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by 3 h hypoxia. Analysis of c-fos and c-jun expression at 2 h, by means of in situ hybridization, revealed diminished induction in dexamethasone-treated animals. Jun immunoreactivity, but not Fos, and DNA fragmentation, assessed by in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA, were present at 24 h only in vehicle-injected animals. Electrophoresis of brain extracted DNA revealed a ladder pattern in all the animals. Our results show a relationship between Jun overexpression and cell-death in the hypoxic-ischemic developing brain and suggest that dexamethasone exerts its protective effect anteceding immediate early gene induction, at some early point in post-ischemic signal transduction.

Field of study: Biology
Constructions of ϵ-mono-components and mathematical analysis on signal decomposition algorithm

The concept of mono-component is widely used in non-stationary signal processing and time-frequency analysis. A special class of mono-components, called ź-mono-components, were proposed in our recent publication. It was illustrated that this model coincides with the intuition of human beings on the physical mono-components very well provided that the parameter ź is sufficiently small. It is then very meaningful to construct desired ź-mono-components and design algorithms to decompose and represent non-stationary signals adaptively. This paper studies the constructions of ź-mono-components and makes mathematical analysis on an adaptive signal decomposition algorithm based on ź-mono-components.

Field of study: Mathematics
Non-vacuum YBCO films on buffer layered Ni tapes: processing, growth and properties

YBCO thin films on buffer layered Ni tapes were investigated via a sol-gel technique. YBCO films were prepared using solutions of various Y, Ba, and Cu precursor compounds. SrTiO/sub 3/ was used on Ni tapes as a buffer layer, ESEM, EDS, and XRD analysis were used to characterize the YBCO films. Sol-gel YBCO coated conductors on buffer layered Ni tapes yielded a T/sub c/ of 90 K by a transport 4-wire resistance measurement. The films produced in this manner were homogeneous, and free of pinholes and cracks.

Field of study: Physics
Gymnastic performance evaluation system for students majoring in physical education in normal institutes of higher learning

The curriculum performance evaluation system must vary with curriculum teaching objectives.Although the existing gymnastic performance evaluation system used by the physical education department in institutes of higher learning in China has embodied the "three basic" requirements,it has,in the process of evaluation,focused more on competitive gymnastics than on basic gymnastics,more on move completion ability than on move ar-rangement ability,more on demonstration ability than on education teaching ability,and more on result evaluation than on process evaluation,thus it cannot adapt well to the requirements of new cultivation objectives.A new evaluation system has been established to evaluate various abilities acquired by students in order to reflecting new teaching ideas and teaching objectives.

Field of study: Education
Vortices in superfluid fermi gases through the BEC to BCS crossover.

We have analyzed a single vortex at T=0 in a 3D superfluid atomic Fermi gas across a Feshbach resonance. On the BCS side, the order parameter varies on two scales: k(F)(-1)and the coherence length xi, while only variation on the scale of xi is seen away from the BCS limit. The circulating current has a peak value jmax which is a nonmonotonic function of 1/k(F)a(s) implying a maximum critical velocity approximately v(F) at unitarity. The number of fermionic bound states in the core decreases as we move from the BCS to the BEC regime. Remarkably, a bound state branch persists even on the BEC side reflecting the composite nature of bosonic molecules.

Field of study: Physics
Wilbert Mennings, Wouter Veraart en Pieter Edelman (red.), Voorlopig ben ik humanist

Het hier besproken boek is iets bijzonders. Het betreft de uitgave van een uitgebreide en zorgvuldige keuze uit het werk van de Nederlandse publicist Jan van Zijverden, een naam die vermoedelijk slechts weinig lezers van dit tijdschrift vertrouwd in de oren zal klinken. Jan van Zijverden (1928-2003), autodidact, intellectueel en gepassioneerd humanist, was van 1991 tot 2001 voorzitter van de Amsterdamse afdeling van het Humanistisch Verbond en schreef een groot aantal artikelen, die in de periode tussen 1990 en 2003 verschenen in het tijdschrift Loopmare, het orgaan van genoemde afdeling. Bovendien hield hij ettelijke voordrachten.

Field of study: Philosophy
Impact of NSR and atomization pressure on SNCR used in power plant boiler

SNCR(selective non-catalytic reduction) using urea solution was used in a HG-410/9.8-YW15 boiler,whose combustion system included a pulverized-coal reburning system to control NOx production.Tests were carried out at the load of 280 t·h-1,345 t·h-1 and 410 t·h-1.The experimental results showed that NOx emission could be reduced under 200 mg·m-3(standard condition,6%O_2,dry gas) with the SNCR system running.The increment of NSR(normalized stoichiometric ratio) resulted in an improvement of NOx reduction efficiency,but the improvement was weak when NSR was greater than 2.5.A greater NSR also resulted in more ammonia slip,especially when NSR was greater than 1.25.N2O emission reached the maximum as NSR was about 2.0.Ammonia slip increased and the existence time of the urea solution droplets decreased with increasing atomization steam pressure and the track distance of the droplets reached the maximum at an intermediate pressure.There was an optimal atomization steam pressure,which would result in the highest NOx reduction efficiency of SNCR.And there was another optimal pressure of atomization steam,about 0.3 MPa,which would result in the least N2O emission.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Risk Evaluation of Pollutant in Common Melon Vegetables

Melon vegetables are commonly used in our daily consumption. A large number of pesticides and other chemical reagents applied in the cultivation process of melon vegetables would lead to pesticides residue pollution,and consequently quality and safety problems. In this study,we investigated the main diseases and pests of melon vegetables and the related control measures. In addition,we also investigated the use of pesticides,the maximum residue limit(MRL) of the pollutants and their detection methods. Combined with the statistical analysis to the recent detection results of major pollutants in melon vegetables,we identified the detection items and MRL of the major pollutants in melon vegetables. Besides,we also compared and verified the corresponding detection methods. This would be of important role in routine monitoring of the quality and safety of melon vegetables.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
[Social adaptation of patients with organic mental disorders in childhood: the results of the long-term study].

To analyze the clinical and social outcomes of organic mental disorders (OMD), diagnosed in children and teens; establish the factors that are relevant for the formation of the clinical picture of OMD in different sexes; the circumstances that determine the dynamics of remote OMD and the level of social adaptation of patients in adulthood.



Four hundred and ninety-eight children with organic mental disorders were followed-up in one of neuropsychiatric outpatient clinics of Moscow, until they reached 23-25 years of age. The total duration of observation was from 7.5 to 22 years (M±σ: 17.3±3.5 years). Clinical-psychopathological and follow-up methods were used. To assess social functioning of patients, a form for recording social skills of adolescents and a questionnaire for assessment of social functioning and quality of life were used.



In 82% of patients, OMD reduced by the time of adulthood. Disorders with severe intellectual impairment, paroxysmal disorders, psychopathic syndrome, mixed forms of the disease were the causes of a lifelong disability in 3.6% of cases.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Modification of the pi-omega-rho vertex in nuclear medium and its influence on the dilepton production rate in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

In this PhD thesis we analyze the medium modification of the pi-omega-rho coupling and subsequently discuss its possible influence on the dilepton production rate in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the medium modifications of the Dalitz decays from the omega and rho mesons in nuclear matter. We use the relativistic field theory formalism describing modifications of the coupling by one-loop Feynman diagrams with nucleons and Delta(1232) isobars. We consider cases when the decaying particle is at rest or at motion with respect to the medium. We investigate the dependence of medium effects on the dilepton invariant mass and observe a sizeable increase of the effective coupling constants compared to their vacuum values. The effect grows with density. In the second part of the thesis we apply our model to evaluate the influence of the medium effects on the dilepton production from the Dalitz decays. In the calculations of the dilepton spectrum we use the model of the hydrodynamic expansion of the fire cylinder. In our comparison to the CERES dilepton data we take into account the experimental cuts. The medium modifications enhance the effect of the Dalitz decays. It is worth to point out that in the medium the rho decay due to the isospin degeneracy becomes as important as the omega decay. The main new and original results of the thesis are: 1. Significant in-medium increase of the pi-omega-rho coupling constant. 2. Large enhancement of the Dalitz decays from the omega and rho mesons in the range 0.2-0.6 GeV of the dilepton invariant mass.

Field of study: Physics
Reinforcing properties of ethanol in neonatal rats: involvement of the opioid system.

Toward understanding why infant rats ingest high levels of ethanol without initiation procedures, the authors tested effects of mu and kappa receptor antagonists on ethanol reinforcement in neonatal rats. After an intracisternal injection of CTOP (micro antagonist), nor-Binaltorphimine (kappa antagonist), or saline, newborn (3-hr-old) rats were given conditioning pairings of an odor with intraorally infused ethanol or a surrogate nipple with ethanol administered intraperitoneally (to minimize ethanol's gustatory attributes). In each case, these opioid antagonists reduced or eliminated ethanol's reinforcement effect. The same effects occurred with saccharin as the reinforcer in olfactory conditioning. The results imply that activation of mu and kappa receptors, apparently acting jointly, is necessary for reinforcement or that antagonists of this activity impair basic conditioning.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Hyperresponsiveness to stress: differential effects of prenatal ethanol on males and females.

In this study we investigated the hypothesis that pituitary-adrenal response inhibition is compromised in animals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In the first experiment, we examined whether opportunity to perform a consummatory response reduces the adrenocortical response to a novel test cage. Animals were water deprived for 24 hr and tested in one of three conditions: (a) removed from home cage, blood sample obtained immediately; (b) placed into empty novel cage, blood sample obtained 30 min later; (c) placed into novel cage with water available, blood sample obtained 30 min later. All animals showed an increase in corticoids over basal levels following 24-hr water deprivation, and placement into a novel cage produced a further significant increase in corticosterone. Opportunity to drink reduced the corticosterone response to novelty for all males. However, fetal ethanol-exposed females showed significantly less attenuation of their corticosterone response to novelty than both pair-fed and control females. In the second experiment, we examined adrenocortical habituation to a stressful stimulus. Animals were restrained in plastic tubes which restricted movement, and blood samples were obtained following 30 or 60 min of restraint. All animals showed significant corticoid elevations at 30 min. Males showed no change in corticoids from 30 to 60 min while both pair-fed and control females showed a corticoid decrease at 60 min. Fetal ethanol-exposed females, however, showed no significant corticoid decrease at 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Field of study: Medicine
Illegal Aliens, Criminals, and Hypersexual Spitfires: Latin@ Youth and Pedagogies of Citizenship in Media Texts

This article aims to broaden the ways we conceptualize citizenship and implement citizenship education in social studies. To do so, the authors explore media texts as a curricular and pedagogical site for teaching lessons about citizenship. Specifically, the authors investigate how media drafts the boundaries of citizenship for Latin@ youth, and influences how young people come to understand who is and who is not perceived as a citizen entitled to rights and freedoms. Media texts, like formal social studies curricula, are powerful and enduring educators that shape how students know the world and imagine their place in it. Therefore, this article addresses how social studies teachers can integrate media texts into the classroom to explore representations of Latin@s and the impact that media has on our citizenship identities and experiences.

Field of study: Sociology
Investigation of gravity waves using horizontally resolved radial velocity measurements

The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) on the island of Andoya in Northern Norway (69.3° N, 16.0° E) observes polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE). These echoes are used as tracers of atmospheric dynamics to investigate the horizontal wind variability at high temporal and spatial resolution. MAARSY has the capability of pulse-to-pulse beam steering allowing for systematic scanning experiments to study the horizontal structure of the backscatterers as well as to measure the radial velocities for each beam direction. Here we present a method to retrieve gravity wave parameters from these horizontally resolved radial wind variations by applying velocity azimuth display and volume velocity processing. Based on the observations a detailed comparison of the two wind analysis techniques is carried out in order to determine the zonal and meridional wind as well as to measure first-order inhomogeneities. Further, we demonstrate the possibility to resolve the horizontal wave properties, e.g., horizontal wavelength, phase velocity and propagation direction. The robustness of the estimated gravity wave parameters is tested by a simple atmospheric model.

Field of study: Environmental science
Spain, Europe and the Atlantic world : essays in honour of John H. Elliott

List of Contributors Acknowledgments List of abbreviations Sir John Elliott: an appreciation Introduction Part I. Power and Propaganda: The World of the Court: 1. Twin souls: monarchs and favourites in early seventeenth-century Spain Antonio Feros 2. Taxation and political culture in Castile, 1590-1640 Charles J. Jago 3. Clio and the Crown: writing history in Habsburg Spain Richard L. Kagan Part II. The Pattern of Society: Community and Identity in Habsburg Spain: 4. Toledanos and their kingdom of Granada, 1492-1560s Linda Martz 5. Castile, Spain and the monarchy: the political community from Patria natural to Patria nacional I. A. A. Thompson 6. Aragonese constitutionalism and Habsburg rule: the varying meanings of liberty Xavier Gil 7. Patriotism in early modern Valencia James G. Casey 8. The mental world of Jeroni Pujades James Amelang 9. Centring the periphery: the Cerdanya between France and Spain Peter Sahlins Part III. Spain and its Empire: 10. David or Goliath?: Philip II and his world in the 1580s Geoffrey Parker 11. Olivares, the cardinal-infante and Spain's strategy in the Low Countries (1635-1643): the road to Rocroi Jonathan I. Israel 12. Conquest after conquest: the rise of Spanish domination in America Peter Bakewell 13. Heeding Heraclides: empire and its discontents, 1619-1812 Anthony Pagden 14. Why were Spain's 'special overseas laws' never enacted? Josep M. Fradera Notes on the contributors Index.

Field of study: History
An improved genetic algorithm for task scheduling in the cloud environments using the priority queues: Formal verification, simulation, and statistical testing

Cloud computing is a new platform to manage and provide services on the internet. Lately, researchers have paid attention a lot to this new subject. One of the reasons to have high performance in a cloud environment is the task scheduling. Since the task scheduling is an NP-Complete problem, in many cases, meta-heuristics scheduling algorithms are used. In this paper to optimize the task scheduling solutions, a powerful and improved genetic algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses the advantages of evolutionary genetic algorithm along with heuristic approaches. For analyzing the correctness of the proposed algorithm, we have presented a behavioral modeling approach based on model checking techniques. Then, the expected specifications of the proposed algorithm is extracted in the form of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas. To achieve the best performance in verification of the proposed algorithm, we use the Labeled Transition System (LTS) method. Also, the proposed behavioral models are verified using NuSMV and PAT model checkers. Then, the correctness of the proposed algorithm is analyzed according to the verification results in terms of some expected specifications, reachability, fairness, and deadlock-free. The simulation and statistical results revealed that the proposed algorithm outperformed the makespans of the three well-known heuristic algorithms and also the execution time of our recently meta-heuristics algorithm.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Narcissism and Hostility

The recent work of Hart and Joubert (1996) who reported correlations between scores on narcissism and hostility is commented upon with respect to expressions of hostility in narcissistic persons. Characteristics of the narcissistic personality observed in psychotherapy are noted, and suggestions are made regarding Hart and Joubert's call for research comparing the personality dimensions of hostile and nonhostile narcissistic persons.

Field of study: Psychology