nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial replacement of waste foundry sand and recycled aggregate in concrete

Low cost concrete production by replacement of fine sand with Foundry sand is a new trend and makes effectively use of Waste foundry sand as engineering material by reducing disposal and pollution problem. Waste foundry sand are by-products which appears to possess the potential to partially replace regular sand as a fine aggregate in concretes, providing a recycling opportunity for them. With the rapid development of construction industry leading to excessive natural resource consumption and the deterioration of the environment, the contradiction between the sustainable development of construction industry and the shortage of resources will become more and more severe. At the same time, a large amount of solid waste is produced in the process of construction of new buildings every year. Today, the reuse of construction waste has become a common concern issue and deserves deep researches. It can be foreseen that the recycled aggregate concrete as a method of reuse and recycling of the construction waste will bring considerable economic and environmental benefits. This paper identifies a potential use of wastes from foundry industry and construction industry for utilization in construction industry and represents the experimental investigation on utilization of foundry waste as a partial replacement of natural sand by 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and recycled aggregate as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate by 0%,20%,40% and 60%. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of strength with the conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the strength for 7 and 28 days. Keywords- Waste foundry sand(WFS), Recycled aggregate(RA),Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.

Field of study: Engineering
Endothelial PDGF-BB produced ex vivo correlates with relevant hemodynamic parameters in patients affected by chronic venous disease.

Surgical specimens of vein were obtained from the tertiary venous network and/or saphenous vein from patients (n=20) affected by chronic venous disease (CVD). Into the venous segments, which subsequently were surgically ablated, the following hemodynamic parameters were assessed by echo-color-doppler (ECD): peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, whose combination allowed the calculation of the resistance index (RI) and the reflux time (RT). Highly purified venous endothelial cell (VEC) cultures derived from venous segments of these CVD patients were then characterized for the profile of cytokines and chemokines released in the culture supernatants. Among the 27 cytokines and chemokines examined, we found a positive and significant correlation (R=0.5; p=0.03) only between the spontaneous release of PDGF-BB by VEC cultures and the RT values of the patients from which the VEC were isolates. In addition, the release of PDGF-BB in the VEC culture supernatants was significantly (p<0.01) increased upon in vitro treatment with recombinant TNF-α. By using pharmacological inhibitors, specific for the main pathways, NF-kB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, activated by exposure of endothelial cells to TNF-α, we found that only NF-kB appeared to be significantly involved in mediating the PDGF-BB induction by TNF-α. Of interest, the release of PDGF-BB in response to the in vitro inflammatory stimulation, maintained a positive and significant correlation with RT (R=0.6; p=0.01), while showing a negative correlation with RI (R=-0.5; p=0.03). The potential implications of our findings for the pathophysiology of CVD are discussed.

Field of study: Medicine
Structure, nonstoichiometry and thermal expansion of the NdBa(Co,Fe)2O5+δ layered perovskite

NdBaCo 2− x Fe x O 5+δ (0.0 ≤  x  ≤ 2.0) series were prepared by a solid state reaction. Singe phase solid solutions were obtained within the range 0.0 ≤  x  ≤ 1.4. The crystal structure of iron substituted solid solutions NdBaCo 2− x Fe x O 5 + δ was described within the tetragonal unit cell a p × a p × 2a p (S.G. P4/mmm ). The substitution of cobalt for iron leads to the monotonous increase of the unit cell parameters and the unit cell volume. The values of the oxygen content in NdBaCo 2− x Fe x O 5 + δ ( x  = 0; 0.2) as a function of temperature were determined by TGA. The thermal expansion measurements of NdBaCo 2− x Fe x O 5 + δ ( x  = 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8) were performed. Chemical expansion constituent was separated.

Field of study: Materials science
Effect of decision premises that resolve issues on workers: case of Istanbul textile industry

The main object of this paper is to shed light on behaviors of organization members. Despite the general acceptance the modest empirical support for the organizational behavior assumptions of March and Simon (1958) were in need of further inspections. We build the hypothesis on interpretation of March and Simon as follows: 1When aspirations are unsatisfied, people search until they find better, more satisfying options. Being on the same idea one could not say that When aspirations are unsatisfied, people don’t care about the objectives of organization. 2Organizations influence individuals primarily by managing the information and options, or “decision premises,” that they consider. In other words we may not argue that Organizations’ decision premises consideration does not influence individuals to decide how to act. 3Individuals find it easier and less taxing to devote limited time and energy to programmed tasks. In the same occasion one could not interpreted that individuals acts rational and result based, they are eager to innovations (Greve, 2007: 945). To resolve confirmation a study has been conducted with a random sample of Istanbul Textile Industry. This work confirmed all three assumptions of March and Simon which set up the hypotheses. First of three sections of the study was a review on foundations of decision making in organizations. Second section checked for the consistency of March and Simon’s pioneering work in current conjuncture. And in the third section concluded as supposed they were still current.

Field of study: Business
18. Choquet–Deny Type Functional Equations with Applications to Stochastic Models

18. Choquet–Deny Type Functional Equations with Applications to Stochastic Models. By C. R. Rao and D. N. Shanbhag. ISBN 0 471 95104 8. Wiley, Chichester, 1994. xii + 290 pp. £45.

Field of study: Mathematics
Optimal dynamic mechanism design with deadlines

A seller maximizes revenue from selling an object in a dynamic environment, with buyers that differ in their patience: Each buyer has a privately known deadline for buying and a privately known valuation. First, we derive the optimal mechanism, neglecting the incentive constraint for the deadline. The deadline of the winner determines the time of the allocation and therefore also the amount of information available to the seller when he decides whether to allocate to a buyer. Depending on the shape of the markup that the seller uses, this can lead to a violation of the neglected incentive constraint. We give sufficient conditions on the type distribution under which the neglected constraint is fulfilled or violated. Second, for the case that the constraint cannot be neglected, we consider a model with two periods and two buyers. Here, the optimal mechanism is implemented by a fixed price in period one and an asymmetric auction in period two. The asymmetry, which is introduced to prevent the patient type of the first buyer from buying in period one leads to pooling of deadlines at the top of the type space.

Field of study: Economics
Analyzing Rater Agreement: Manifest Variable Methods

these topics and why they are not included. Fair enough, although a reference or two to opposing points of view would have been a nice touch. A thirteen-page Appendix gives a handful of exercises for each chapter. The exercises are primarily of the “show this” or “construct a design with these parameters” varieties and appear appropriate for the level of the book. The existence of these exercises seems to suggest the possibility that the book might be used in a formal course with homework and exams. As an advanced text in a specialty that is not even represented in many departments of statistics and biostatistics, I doubt the book will make many appearances in the “required course texts” part of the bookstore. I suspect this excellent book will be used most often by specialists in design. I think the book’s importance is largely as a reference for experts, due to its deep coverage of its topics, or as an independent learning tool for aspiring experts, due to its thoroughness and didactic presentation.

Field of study: Mathematics
Blood Circulating miRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment Response

miRNAs can function as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Altered expression of these molecules was correlated with the occurrence of many cancer diseases and therefore they are considered a molecular tool for non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We searched for analyses concerning expression of blood circulating miRNA in cancer patients. The studies comprised of at least two miRNA expression measurements: before and after the surgical therapy were considered. We summarized latest reports on evaluation of the efficiency of anticancer therapy through observation of changes in expression of miRNA circulating in blood of patients treated with surgery alone. Twenty one research studies were identified. Thirty one different miRNAs were pointed out as potential both diagnostic and treatment response biomarkers since their deregulated expression before therapy returned to normal after receiving the treatment. Published data revealed a potential of circulating miRNA to become a tool giving a clinical follow up information on the efficiency of applied therapy. However, more observational studies on post-operative circulating miRNA expression changes are necessary.

Field of study: Biology
Payoffs in exact TU economies

We prove that a single-valued solution of perfectly competitive TU economies underlying nonatomic exact market games is uniquely determined as the Mertens [23] value by four plausible value-related axioms. Since the Mertens value is always a core element, this result provides an axiomatization of the Mertens value as a core-selection. Previous works in this direction assumed the economies to be either differentiable (e.g., Dubey and Neyman [11]) or of uniform finite-type (e.g., Haimanko [16]). Our work does not assume that, thus it contributes to the axiomatic study of payoffs in perfectly competitive economies (or values of their derived market games) in general. In fact, this is the first contribution in this direction.

Field of study: Economics
Andreev tunneling in charge pumping with SINIS turnstiles

We present measurements on hybrid single-electron turnstiles with superconducting leads contacting a normal island (SINIS). We observe Andreev tunneling of electrons influencing the current plateau characteristics of the turnstiles under radio-frequency pumping. The data is well accounted for by numerical simulations. We verify the dependence of the Andreev tunneling rate on the turnstile's charging energy. Increasing the charging energy effectively suppresses the Andreev current.

Field of study: Physics
Spontaneous fluctuations of the emission from a laser with a transversely inhomogeneous field distribution

An investigation is made of the influence of a transverse macroinhomogeneity in a solid state laser on the emission kinetics. It is shown that when a fairly definite minimum is located in the central part of the transverse intensity distribution, the emission is in the form of spontaneous fluctuations whose growth increment increases with increasing depth of this minimum. The results obtained are in agreement with the experimental data on the correlation between the transverse field distribution and the laser emission kinetics.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
The Relationship Between Moroccan EFL University Students’ Motivation Orientation and Their Classroom Participation: Exploring the Variables of Gender and Proficiency Level

This paper explores the relationship that may exist between the students’ motivational orientation and their participation in the classroom. The designed questionnaire was concerned with two main points. A motivation section that tapped the students responses to two orientations related to motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic also known as integrative and instrumental. The first one is characterised by the learner's positive attitudes towards the target language group and the desire to integrate into the target language community. The second one underlies the goal to gain some social, academic or economic reward through L2 achievement which suggests a functional purpose of the target language learning. The second questionnaire section targeted the willingness and actual participation of students inside the classroom. Two variables were taken into account, the gender and the proficiency level of the subjects. Results show that almost all the respondents have an intrinsic/integrative motivation orientation, a fact that has a noticeable positive effect on their classroom participation. Other results show that while gender proved to be an influencing factor on classroom participation, the degree of students’ proficiency appeared not to have any significant effect on any of the research variables.  Motivation orientation, classroom participation, gender, proficiency level

Field of study: Education
Second Virial Coefficient of the 2cLJ, 3cLJ and 4cLJ Molecules

The second virial coefficient was evaluated for the two-centre, three-centre and four-centre Lennard Jones molecules with the site site distance l ∈ (0,1) at the reduced temperatures T r = 0.6 - 3.0. The obtained data are correlated by an expression derived originally for the Kihara non-spherical molecules; the same value of the σ-parameter is considered for the both pair potentials whereas e Kihara /e ncLJ and l Kihara / l ncLJ vary with the increasing values of l ncLJ . Values of the virial coefficient of the individual ncLJ molecules agree within error bars with experimental values in the whole temperature range studied; with only slightly higher deviations also data for the single 2cLJ, 3cLJ and 4cLJ molecules for all the l ncLJ values can be correlated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Ghosts and Strong Ghosts in the Stable Module Category

Suppose that $G$ is a finite group and $k$ is a field of characteristic $p>0$. A ghost map is a map in the stable category of finitely generated $kG$-modules which induces the zero map in Tate cohomology in all degrees. In an earlier paper we showed that the thick subcategory generated by the trivial module has no nonzero ghost maps if and only if the Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ is cyclic of order 2 or 3. In this paper we introduce and study some variations of ghosts maps. In particular, we consider the behavior of ghost maps under restriction and induction functors. We find all groups satisfying a strong form of Freyd's generating hypothesis and show that ghost can be detected on a finite range of Tate cohomology. We also consider maps which mimic ghosts in high degrees.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of Rice Tungro Disease on Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice

Six rice cvs. T(N)1 and Tapaswini (susceptible), IR 20 and IR67406-6-3-2-3 (moderately resistant), TKM-6 and Vikramarya (resistant) were tested against the rice tungro disease on yield parameters. The results revealed that the resistant cv. Vikramarya was less affected in terms of plant height when inoculated with RTV at 60 DAS with 0.4% increase and 0.9% reduction in plant height at 50 DAS. Moderately resistant rice cvs. IR 20 and IR67406-6-3-2-3 showed less reduction in terms of plant height as compared to susceptible rice cvs. T(N)1 and Tapaswini. Reduction in number of panicles per plant was found less in Vikramarya inoculated with RTV at 60 DAS (1.5%) and 40 DAS (1.9%). A significant decrease of 15.5% in number of grains per panicle was observed in cv. Vikramarya when inoculated with RTV at 20 DAS while a decrease of 16.3% was noticed in TKM-6 plants when inoculated with RTV at 20 DAS. However, rice cvs. TKM-6 and Vikramarya when inoculated with RTV at 60 DAS had almost no significant effect on number of grains per panicle. In terms of grain yield per plant, Vikramarya, TKM-6 and IR 20 was less affected when inoculated with RTV at 60 DAS with increase of 0.5% and decrease of 3.4, 3.4%, respectively. The most affected cultivar in terms of hundred-grain weight was T(N)1 when inoculated at 20 DAS as the inoculated plants did not reach the flowering phase to produce panicles while rice cv. Vikramarya showed an increase of 0.4 and 1.3% in hundred-grain weight when inoculated at 50 DAS and 60 DAS. The effect of RTV infection on all quality parameters was high when cultivars were inoculated with RTV at 20 DAS and it was found less when inoculated at 30, 40, 50 and 60 DAS, respectively.

Field of study: Biology
Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Soil Fertility of Plukenetia volubilis L.

In order to reveal the effect of different cultivation patterns on soil nutrition of the Plukenetia volubilis L.plantation,five cultivation patterns(Tea-P.volubilis,Rice-P.volubilis,Banana-P.volubilis,Maize-P.volubilis and the control group of P.volubilis) were selected in Puwen Town of Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,to analyze soil characterization,including pH,electrical conductivity(EC),organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and mineral elements in rhizosphere and bulk soil.The results showed that the pH,electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in rhizosphere and bulk soil of four rotations were significantly different from the control group of P.volubilis.Total Mn,Fe,Zn and Cu concentrations in soil were under the world average level and the contents of heavy mental(Zn and Cu) were below 1.Soil fertility of different cultivation patterns was in this order,Maize-P.volubilis Tea-P.volubilis Banana-P.volubilis Rice-P.volubilis Free-P.volubilis,according to the comprehensive analysis of the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium.Above all,it was suggested that Maize-P.volubilis and Tea-P.volubilis patterns were better.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Hypersaline waters in salterns - natural ecological niches for halophilic black yeasts.

Hypersaline waters in salterns have so far been considered to be populated only with halophilic algae and bacteria and completely lacking halophilic fungi. In this paper we present population dynamics of polymorphic black yeasts, isolated from hypersaline waters (3–30% NaCl) of a saltern, in relation to different physicochemical parameters. Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis, Trimmatostroma salinum, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cladosporium spp. were detected with the highest frequency just before the peak of halite (NaCl) concentration. Since H. werneckii, P. triangularis and T. salinum are not known outside saline environments, these results suggest that hypersaline water is their natural ecological niche.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
A GENERALIZED SCREW DISLOCATION INTERACTING WITH CIRCULAR ARC INTERFACIAL RIGID LINES IN MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC SOLIDS

The magnetoelectroelastic interaction of a generalized screw dislocation with circular interfacial rigid conducting line inclusions is dealt with.By using Riemann-Schwarz’s symmetry principle integrated with the analysis of singularity of complex potentials,the general solution of the problem is presented.A closed form solution is derived when the interface contains one rigid line.With the application of perturbation technique,the perturbation stresses,electric displacement fields,magnetic induction fields are obtained.The image force acting on the generalized screw dislocation is calculated using the generalized Peach-Koehler formula.The influence of interfacial rigid line geometry and material mismatch on the image force is discussed.The solutions can be used as Green’s functions to obtain the corresponding solutions for the case of arbitrary distribution dislocations and solve the problem of the interaction between interfacial rigid lines and arbitrary shape crack under antiplane mechanical,in-plane electric and magnetic loadings at infinity.

Field of study: Engineering
Differential Patterns of Constant Frequency 50 and 22 kHz USV Production Are Related to Intensity of Negative Affective State

Adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are a valuable tool for noninvasively assessing an animal’s emotional state. USVs are produced in 1 of 2 frequency ranges labeled as 22 kHz or 50 kHz vocalizations. One USV subtype within the 50 kHz call category, constant frequency 50 kHz (CF 50 kHz) calls, is not viewed as signaling an emotional state. The current study tested the hypothesis that CF 50 kHz calls are related to a mild negative affective state. In Experiment 1, diazepam (1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg), or control injections were administered prior to receiving a sequence of mild footshocks (0.5 mA, 0.5 s). Subjects transitioned from producing CF 50 to 22 kHz USVs as footshocks were repeated; a pattern paralleled by a shift from rearing to increased time freezing. USV production was largely absent in the higher diazepam dose groups, whereas the 1 mg/kg dose attenuated CF 50 kHz USV production prior to and immediately following initial footshocks. The higher doses of diazepam similarly reduced rearing activity and overall freezing behavior. In Experiment 2, pre-exposure to the testing environment with or without access to palatable food elicited CF 50 kHz calls and rearing. During re-exposure to the test chamber the following day, CF 50 kHz USV production was reduced prior to footshock onset compared to the prior test day. The pattern of results support an association between CF 50 kHz USVs and a mild negative affective state; dissociating this call type may increase the sensitivity of behavioral measurements of emotion.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Theory of mind, social development, and psychosis

The difficulty in interpreting other people’s mental states found in children with autism and in people affected by schizophrenia may be explained in terms of a unique mental process called Theory of Mind. The paper discusses the main operational issues of such a peculiar aspect of social cognition, the Theory of Mind, and its implication in schizophrenia, including a review of its related neural structures. Theory of Mind abilities may be a relevant aspect of social interaction involving people affected by schizophrenia, and they need to be further investigated in clinical research.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
An Empirical Investigation of the Adoption of Egovernment in Australian Citizens: Some Unexpected Research Findings

There has existed a rich research literature on adoption of information technology (IT) in private commercial organizations. Most prior researches in the field are drawn upon two dominant theories: Theory of Reasoned Actions (TRA) (13) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (11). However, there has been relatively little research done on adoption of eGovemment in public citizens, which was explored in this study based on the TAM theory. The research findings reported that perceived usefulness (PU), which has been validated to be the most reliable predictor of influencing IT adoption behaviors in private commercial organizations in the research literature, was found not significant in influencing eGovemment adoption in public citizens. This was the unexpected research finding, which questioned the validity of directly extending the TAM theory into studying eGovemment adoption issues in public sectors. Implications of the research findings were discussed.

Field of study: Computer science