nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ghost of Boccaccio: Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italy (review)

considers an impressive array of sources from allied disciplines. The first part of Boccaccio’s Heroines shows how the De mulieribus claris served as a humanist exemplum and details the circulation it enjoyed among the major dynastic courts of Renaissance Italy. She demonstrates how the various legendary women whose biographies appear in Boccaccio’s work surface in artistic depictions of the day, and how the interplay between art and literature contributes to the definition of social values. The middle segment of Franklin’s Heroines deals, first, with women whose lives provide examples of self-serving, power-hungry females and, second, with women who have power thrust upon them and turn into effective rulers, wise companions, or simply clever, self-sacrificing players, such as the Minyan wives. She draws comparisons between Boccaccio’s exempla and their historical counterparts who interacted, within the bounds of acceptable behavior, with Quattrocento males. Franklin’s observations concerning the blurring of gender boundaries with regard to male and female virtues in the Boccaccian work are juxtaposed with the reactions of some Renaissance males to decidedly female achievement. The argument then segues into a discussion of how this gender blurring is manifested in contemporary artistic depictions, such as in the uomini famosi cycle at the Florentine Villa Carducci. The final chapter delves into the emerging role of the female consort in the late Quattrocento and her power within the male hierarchy. These women were expected to run a stable governmental operation in the absence of their husbands, thereby, in effect, controlling men. For her examples of this type of Renaissance woman, Franklin focuses on two remarkable females of the Este family: Eleonora d’Aragona, wife of Ercole I d’Este, and her daughter, Isabella. Both women personified Boccaccio’s fictional heroines who ruled wisely, within the bounds of legitimate authority and, at least outwardly, not because of personal ambition. What is most impressive is that not only did these women recognize the strength of their own authority but also that their authority was acknowledged gratefully by the men around them. In women such as Eleonora and Isabella, Boccaccio’s fictionalized, classical ideals became flesh and blood. Franklin’s work is replete with primary and secondary sources and examples from literature, history, and art history. Boccaccio’s Heroines contains little gems for students and scholars alike and makes a significant contribution to the existing body of critical thought on women in the Renaissance. ELIZABETH H. D. MAZZOCCO University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Field of study: History
Bent Boolean functions A better procedure to generate non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes

crypto 4-bit substitution boxes or crypto 4-bit S-boxes are used in block ciphers for nonlinear substitution very frequently. If the 16 elements of a 4-bit S-box are unique, distinct and vary between 0 and f in hex then the said 4-bit S-box is called as a crypto 4-bit S-box. There are 16! crypto 4-bit S-boxes available in crypto literature. Other than crypto 4-bit S-boxes there are another type of 4-bit S-boxes exist. In such 4-bit S-boxes 16 elements of the 4-bit S-box are not unique and distinct i.e. at least one element must repeat more than one time. They are called as non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes. There are 16-16! Numbers of non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes can be found in crypto-literature. The non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes can be generated from 4-bit Boolean Functions (BFs) in the same manner as crypto 4-bit S-boxes are generated in . But to generate crypto 4-bit S-boxes the security of the generated 4-bit S-boxes is sacrificed into some extend. Since 12870 4-bit balanced BFs are responsible for 16! crypto 4-bit S-boxes and the nonlinearity of the balanced 4-bit BFs are at most 4. So the 4-bit BFs with highest nonlinearity 6 are left abandoned. These 4-bit BFs are called as 4-bit Bent BFs. Here in this paper we generate non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes from 4-bit Bent BFs. The generated non-crypto 4-bit S-boxes are analyzed with the existing cryptanalysis techniques to prove them much secure 4-bit S-boxes from crypto angle.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Analysis of UV-Vis absorption spectra of luffa cylindrica- resorcinol composites

This paper dealt with the study and analysis of UV-Vis absorption spectra of treated fibers of Luffa cylindrica (LC), pure matrix and LC fiber-resorcinol composites. The effect of incorporation of LC fiber in to the matrix on the absorption peak is analyzed. The shifting of absorption peak is noticed when the alkali treated LC fibers are incorporated into the matrix. Shifting of the absorbance edge towards low wavelength region for alkali treated LC fiber composites indicate an increase in band gap. The increase in band gap results in decreased optical conductivity of the treated LC fiber composites. Also it is observed that the absorbance peak shifts towards the higher wavelength region with addition of more wt of LC fiber into the matrix. It indicates decrease of band gap and increase of optical conductivity with increase in wt of LC fiber in the composites.

Field of study: Materials science
Aero-engine Health Monitoring Method Based on E-Bayes and DNN Fusion Decision

As a complex system, aero-engine running condition affects flight safety, so aero-engine health monitoring is necessary. We proposed an aero-engine health monitoring method based on E-Bayes method and deep neural network (DNN). Firstly, based on the fleet operation records, E-Bayes was used to calculate the reliability of aero-engine operation. Secondly, we constructed the DNN network base on the parameters collected by sensors and reliability parameter, fused the DNN results under different parameters according to the characteristics of different health condition of the aero-engine, and finally the fusion decision model based on the E-Bayes method and DNN was realized. We trained and verified the network with 9616 aero-engine running data samples contaminated by noise. The average accuracy was 96.15%, which shows that this method has good robustness.

Field of study: Engineering
“At Least I get my dinners free”: Transgressive Dining in Marghanita Laski’s To Bed with Grand Music

In her 1946 novel, To Bed with Grand Music, Marghanita Laski utilizes popular understandings of food consumption in order to illuminate topics of female sexuality and sexual agency. Laski addresses the issues of wartime sexuality and infidelity with an ambivalence that parallels British anxieties about the changing roles of wartime women, and her project is successful because it runs counter to the wartime expectations for women that were much publicized in mass media and by government ministries that shaped both feminine standards of behavior and the limits of public tolerance for women who would flaunt those standards.

Field of study: Art
The Up-and-Down Method for Small Samples

A modified up-and-down method for sensitivity testing (all-or-none assays) is presented with maximum likelihood estimates of LD50 tabulated for all sample sequences for nominal sample size N ≤ 6. Approximate estimates for larger sample sizes are given. The design uses sequentially determined test levels and sequentially determined sample sizes. The estimates have mean square error approximately independent of the chosen starting level of the test sequence and the spacing between test levels. The actual sample size rarely exceeds the nominal sample size by more than two for moderately well chosen starting levels. Examples of the use of the method are given for two analyses of variance designs.

Field of study: Mathematics
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Electrogasdynamic CO2 laser emitting mode pairs and excited by transverse dc or hf glow discharges

A quasi-cw electrogasdynamic CO2 laser was constructed for the first time. It was pumped by a transverse dc or hf glow discharge and emitted mode pairs. The gas was cooled in a planar supersonic nozzle. This arrangement increased the output power (~0.1W) and extended the spectral range of the radiation (16.3-17.2 μ) compared with earlier experiments carried out using a longitudinal discharge in capillary tubes.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
[Study on adjuvant effect of oral recombinant subunit vaccine formulated with chitosan against human enterovirus 71].

To evaluate the adjuvant effect of recombinant enterovirus 71 (EV71) subunit vaccine formulated with chitosan, rabbits were orally immunized with recombinant VP1 (rVP1) or rVP1 mixed with chitosan adjuvant. Levels of virus-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in sera, mucosal wash buffer (intestine, nasal cavity, and lung), and feces were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 were determined using cytopathic effect-based neutralizing assay, and levels of cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) secreted from in vitro-cultured rabbit splenic lymphocytes under antigen stimulation were also determined by ELISA. Results showed that immunization with rVP1 alone could only induce low levels of serum IgG and mucosal IgA, while rVP1 combined with chitosan adjuvant were able to induce significantly higher levels of antibodies, rVP1 can only induce neutralizing antibodies when used in combination with chitosan. Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the group immunized with rVP1 plus chitosan were significantly higher than those in the group immunized with rVP1 only or those in the control groups. Our study lays the foundation for development of oral VP1 vaccine against EV71 infection.

Field of study: Biology
Composite 200-mb Temperature Fields over Extratropical Cyclones 1

The composite-map technique has been employed to construct some pictures of the average horizontal temperature distribution in the lower stratosphere over cyclones which do and cyclones which do not produce secondary Lows along the east coast of the United States. This study in comparative analysis verified that a characteristic anomaly exists in the 200-mb temperature field twelve hours prior to the development of the type of east-coastal secondary cyclones studied.

Field of study: Environmental science
Matrix Integrative Analysis (MIA) of Multiple Genomic Data for Modular Patterns

The increasing availability of high-throughput biological data, especially multi-dimensional genomic data across the same samples, has created an urgent need for modular and integrative analysis tools that can reveal the relationships among different layers of cellular activities. To this end, we present a MATLAB package, Matrix Integration Analysis (MIA), implementing and extending four published methods, designed based on two classical techniques, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and partial least squares (PLS). This package can integrate diverse types of genomic data (e.g., copy number variation, DNA methylation, gene expression, microRNA expression profiles, and/or gene network data) to identify the underlying modular patterns by each method. Particularly, we demonstrate the differences between these two classes of methods, which give users some suggestions about how to select a suitable method in the MIA package. MIA is a flexible tool which could handle a wide range of biological problems and data types. Besides, we also provide an executable version for users without a MATLAB license.

Field of study: Biology
Purification and crystallization of Escherichia coli pseudouridine synthase RluD.

RluD is the pseudouridine (Psi) synthase responsible for forming Psi1911, Psi1915 and Psi1917 in Escherichia coli 23S RNA. Out of the 11 Psi synthases in E. coli, only cells lacking RluD show a severe growth defect. In addition, RluD belongs to the RluA family of Psi synthases, one of the two remaining families without a representative crystal structure. In this paper, the crystallization of selenomethionine-substituted RluD by the hanging-drop method is reported. The crystals diffract to 1.9 A and belong to space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 75.14, c = 181.81 A. Synchrotron radiation was used on a single crystal to collect a complete multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) data set to 2.0 A resolution.

Field of study: Chemistry
Crystal chemistry of carbon-substituted MgB2

Neutron powder diffraction has been used to characterize a sample of C-substituted MgB 2 synthesized from Mg and B 4 C (with isotopically enriched 11 B). The sample is multiphase, with the major phase [73.4(1) wt%] being Mg(B 1− x C x ) 2 with x =0.10(2). Minor phases include MgB 2 C 2 , Mg, and MgO. The major Mg(B 1− x C x ) 2 phase displays diffraction peak widths as sharp as for pure MgB 2 , indicating good C homogeneity. There is no evidence for ordering of the substituted C atoms or distortion of the host structure other than contraction of the a axis and slight expansion of the c axis. The observed changes in lattice parameters vs. C concentration provide a means for estimating the C concentration in other Mg(B 1− x C x ) 2 samples. The reduction in T c resulting from 10% C substitution is much larger than previously reported, suggesting that previous reports of the C concentration in Mg(B 1− x C x ) 2 are overestimated. The Mg site occupancy is determined to be 0.990(4) which is consistent with full Mg occupancy. Given these results, the stoichiometry Mg(B 0.9 C 0.1 ) 2 should be used by future attempts (band structural or otherwise) to explain (i) the dramatic suppression of T c ( T c ≈22 K) and (ii) the persistence of the two-superconducting-gap feature in the specific heat data.

Field of study: Physics
On the superposition of a heat source and contact resistance

where 5 is the rate of heat generated per unit area at the interface, Hi is the rate of heat per unit area flowing into the corresponding medium and C< is a constant whose interpretation depends on the nature of the interface. Condition (2) is obtained by considering models of the interface in which either the contact resistance or the heat source is broken up into two parts. If the source is caused by friction as the two solids slide against each other with the interface as slip plane, these two models correspond respectively to lubricated and to dry friction.

Field of study: Mathematics
Visual documentation of transfer processes in horizontal-tube falling-film ammonia–water absorbers

Flow patterns in a horizontal-tube falling-film absorber operated as part of a complete ammonia–water absorption system are presented. A tube bank consisting of four columns of six 9.5 mm nominal outer diameter, 0.292 m long tubes was installed in an absorber shell that allowed heat and mass transfer measurements and optical access for flow visualization. High-speed, high-resolution videos were recorded over a wide range of operating conditions (desorber solution outlet concentrations of 15–40% at absorber pressures of 150, 345 and 500 kPa, over solution flow rates of 0.019–0.034 kg s−1). Image analyses indicated that the droplet mode was the dominant inter-tube flow mode for the range of the experiments. Droplet characteristics and flow regime transitions are strongly influenced by the solution flow rate. Variation in the solution concentration and the operating pressure also affect the flow characteristics such as film thickness, residence time and droplet spacing.

Field of study: Engineering
ESSAY: Educating the Public About “Climate Change”

Three years ago, following retirement from my academic career, including 30 years of teaching and research on climate dynamics, I began to take my concern for climate change and its implications for the future of the Earth to public groups. My goal is to raise audience interest and attention to the issue of climate change. Most of all, I want them to know that it is an issue that is both real and complex. From my first presentation (for a county-wide United Nations Association meeting), it became apparent that people are hungry for information in a setting and format that is tailored to them. Th us, I was motivated to continue such public presentations and have talked to church groups, high school and university classes, and community service organizations. In addition, I have been interviewed by reporters for radio and TV stations, and have given lectures to scientifi c groups in the United States, China, Korea, and at a WMO training seminar in Argentina. In each of these community presentations, I overview the subject, including its complexity, the uncertainties surrounding it, and the large range of its potential impacts. I avoid equations and specialized terminologies or pursuing my own personal agenda for action. Also, I use visual aids whenever possible, including handouts, transparencies, or PowerPoint, depending on the setting, and allow ample time for questions. I note the extensive discussion and debate about climate change and how this can be confusing for people. I begin each presentation with acknowledgement of the skeptics and even give examples of EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ABOUT “CLIMATE CHANGE”

Field of study: Environmental science
Evidence for intertwining orders in the electronic nematic state of FeSe

We report the temperature evolution of the detailed electronic band structure in FeSe single-crystals, including the degeneracy removal of the $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals at the $\Gamma$/Z and M points, and the orbital-selective hybridization between the $d_{xy}$ and $d_{xz/yz}$ orbitals. The temperature dependences of the splittings at the $\Gamma$/Z and M points are different, indicating that they might be controlled by different order parameters. We also identify the symmetry of the band hybridization. Our finding cannot be explained simply by the onsite ferro-orbital ordering together with spin-orbit coupling. If the orbital ordering exists, it includes an order defined on Fe-Fe bonds with a $d-wave$ form in the reciprocal space that breaks the rotational symmetry. The nematicity is not limited to the interactions between the $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz}$ orbitals, but involves other $d$ orbitals as well. These findings provide strong evidence that these are intertwining orders in the nematic state of this material.

Field of study: Physics
Knowledge laundering: testimony and sensitive invariantism

The words 'taller than the average American male' express the same property at every context of use, but how tall something must be in order to have this property varies with the time and world of evaluation. In 1974, my father had this property, but now he does not, even though his own height has not changed. In the same way, sensitive invariantists claim, the word 'know' expresses the same relation at every context of use, but how good an epistemic position an agent must occupy in order to stand in this relation to a proposition depends on the agent's practical situation at the circumstances of evaluation. Thus it can be true that yesterday Sally knew that Sacramento is the capital of California, but today she does not, though her epistemic position has not changed. In this way sensitive invariantists can acknowledge a kind of variability in the epistemic standards required for knowing, without denying (as contextualists do) that 'know' expresses the same relation at every context of use.1 In this note, I will show that sensitive invariantism is incompatible with a widely held view about how knowledge is transmitted through testimony. I will not take a stand here on which of these views should be rejected.

Field of study: Philosophy
Translocation of classical PKC and cortical granule exocytosis of human oocyte in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage

Protein kinase C (PKC) is as a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by Ca2+, phospholipid and diacylglycerol. PKC plays an important role in oocyte maturation and activation. This study was undertaken to investigate classical PKC (cPKC) in human oocyte maturation and activation.Germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes were collected from healthy women. The expression and distribution of cPKC were investigated by immunoflourescence. MII oocytes were treated with PKC activator or inhibitor and imaged using a laser confocal scanning microscope (In GV oocytes, PKC α, β1 and γ were localized to the germinal vesicles, with a weak expression in ooplasm. In MII oocytes, PKCα, β1 and γ were distributed evenly in ooplasm. After treatment with PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), cPKC translocated to the periphery of oocyte, and cortical granules (CG) exocytosis was found. When the oocytes were treated with PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, no translocation of cPKC and CG exocytosis were found.PKCα, β1 and γ exist in human oocytes and activation of these sub-units could induce CG exocytosis in MII stage.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Two-Sided Malicious Security for Private Intersection-Sum with Cardinality

Private intersection-sum with cardinality allows two parties, where each party holds a private set and one of the parties additionally holds a private integer value associated with each element in her set, to jointly compute the cardinality of the intersection of the two sets as well as the sum of the associated integer values for all the elements in the intersection, and nothing beyond that.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Damage enhancement in BF2+ ion-implanted silicon

The damage introduction rates of BF2+, B+ and F+ ions implanted into (100) bulk silicon have been investigated over the energy range 3 to 13 keV amu-1 at temperatures of 77 K and 300 K. The samples have been analysed using 2 MeV He+ Rutherford backscattering and channelling, and it is found that the damage created by BF2+ molecular ions is significantly greater than that created by an equivalent dose of the atomic species B+ and F+. This damage enhancement by the BF2+ ions can be separated into bulk effects, which are due to displacement spikes, and surface effects, caused by multiple collision sequences involving the constituent particles (B and F) after dissociation of the incident BF2+ ion. Similar surface damage enhancements of 1.8 and 1.9 are found at 77 K and 300 K respectively, for particle energies of 3 keV amu-1. The energy dependence of the surface enhancement factor shows a strong dependence upon ion energy reaching a maximum of 3.5 at 8 keV amu-l but approaches unity at higher energies.

Field of study: Materials science
Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma system with ring waveguide

Some scientists used waveguide as the cavity to produce a plasma jet,while large volume microwave plasma was relatively hard to get in atmospheric pressure.However,a few research institutes have already developed devices to generate large volume of atmospheric pressure microwave plasma,such as CYRANNUS and SLAN series,which can be widely applied.In this paper,present a microwave plasma system with ring waveguide to excite large volume of atmospheric pressure microwave plasma,plot curves on theoretical disruption electric field of some working gases,emulate the cavity through software,measure the power density to validate and show the appearance of microwave plasma. At present,large volume of argon and helium plasma have already been generated steadily by atmospheric pressure microwave plasma system.This research can build a theoretical basis of microwave plasma excitation under atmospheric pressure and will be useful in study of the device.

Field of study: Physics