nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-equilibrium corrections to energy and conserved charge densities in the QGP fluid

Dissipative processes in relativistic fluids are known to be important in the analyses of the hot QCD matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this work, I consider dissipative corrections to energy and conserved charge densities, which are conventionally assumed to be vanishing but could be finite. Causal dissipative hydrodynamics is formulated in the presence of those dissipative currents. The relation between hydrodynamic stability and transport coefficients is discussed. I then study their phenomenological consequences on the observables of heavy-ion collisions in numerical simulations. It is shown that particle spectra and elliptic flow could to be visibly modified.

Field of study: Physics
Spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions for direction-of-arrival estimations

Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) are traditionally applied to a single antenna receiver with a single polarization. Recently, spatial time-frequency distributions (STFDs) have been developed for receivers with multiple single-polarized antennas and successfully applied for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of nonstationary signals. In this paper, we consider dual-polarized antenna arrays and extend the STFD to utilize the source polarization properties. The spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFDs) are introduced as a platform for processing polarized nonstationary signals, which are received by an array of dual-polarized double-feed antennas. This paper deals with narrow-band far-field point sources that lie in the plane of the receiver array. The source signals are decomposed into two orthogonal polarization components, such as vertical and horizontal. The ability to incorporate signal polarization empowers the STFDs with an additional degree of freedom, leading to improved signal and noise subspace estimates for direction finding. The polarimetric time-frequency MUSIC (PTF-MUSIC) method for DOA estimation based on the SPTFD platform is developed and shown to outperform the time-frequency, polarimetric, and conventional MUSIC techniques, when applied separately.

Field of study: Engineering
A new stratigraphy for the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Nicaraguan Highland

Three major volcanic events have occurred in Nicaragua since middle Tertiary time. First, the Oligocene was dominated by rhyolite shield volcanism, producing the Highland ignimbrite. Second, creation of northeast- and later northwest-striking dilatational fracture zones allowed the extrusion of basaltic to andesitic magmas along the Pacific coast, constructing the northwest-oriented Coyol volcanic arc. This Miocene arc can be followed all along the Pacific coast of the Chortis block. Third, a Pliocene-Pleistocene southwestward shift of arc volcanism created the modern volcanic arc. This volcanic history is supported by a new stratigraphy based on volcanic centers and related facies. The old cyclic, layer-cake stratigraphy of the Coyol Group has been abandoned.

Field of study: Geology
[Late psychopathological manifestation of professional neurointoxications].

A study of 47 firemen exposed to a complex of toxic substances while putting out fire and 46 subjects with chronic mercury intoxications was carried out 5-10 years after the exposure to toxic substances. Along with clinical psychiatric examination, neuropsychological testing was conducted. Non-specificity of mental disorders, polymorphism and progressive development were found. Psychoorganic syndrome with secondary neurotic disturbances proved to be a core feature of mental disorders. It is emphasized that neuropsychological examination or usage of neuropsychological methods during a psychiatric examination are important for practical diagnosis of exogenous organic mental disorders, especially for outpatient examination of corresponding occupational groups.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Determination of Sibutramine in Dietic Teas by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction-Back Extraction-Solidification of Acceptor Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A novel method for the determination of sibutramine in dietic teas by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-back extraction-solidification of acceptor phase(DLLME-BE-SAP)-high performance liquid chromatography was developed.The optimal experimental conditions were as follows: 400 μL petroleum ether as the organic phase,120 μL methanol as the dispersive solvent,the mixture of 14 μL of 0.2 mol/L HCl and 1 μL methanol as the acceptor phase.The extraction time was 2 min.High enrichment factor(130-fold) of sibutramine was obtained under the optimal experimental conditions.The linear range was 0.6-200 μg/L.The limit of detection(S/N=3) was 0.2 μg/L and the limit of quantitation(S/N=10) was 0.6 μg/L.The recoveries of the spiked samples were from 91.9% to 108.4%,and the inter-day relative standard deviations were lower than 14.0%.

Field of study: Chemistry
Validated templates for specification of complex LTL formulas

Formal verification approaches that check software correctness against formal specifications have been shown to improve program dependability. Tools such as Specification Pattern System (SPS) and Property Specification (Prospec) support the generation of formal specifications. SPS has defined a set of patterns (common recurring properties) and scopes (system states over which a pattern must hold) that allows a user to generate formal specifications by using direct substitution of propositions into parameters of selected patterns and scopes. Prospec extended SPS to support the definition of patterns and scopes that include the ability to specify parameters with multiple propositions (referred to as composite propositions or CPs), allowing the specification of sequential and concurrent behavior. Prospec generates formal specifications in Future Interval Logic (FIL) using direct substitution of CPs into pattern and scope parameters. While substitution works trivially for FIL, it does not work for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), a highly expressive language that supports specification of software properties such as safety and liveness. LTL is important because of its use in the model checker Spin, the ACM 2001 system Software Award winning tool, and NuSMV. This paper introduces abstract LTL templates to support automated generation of LTL formulas for complex properties in Prospec. In addition, it presents formal proofs and testing to demonstrate that the templates indeed generate the intended LTL formulas.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Stripe-like Inhomogeneities, Coherence, and the Physics of the High Tc Cuprates

The carriers in the high-Tc cuprates are found to be polaron-like “stripons” carrying charge and located in stripe-like inhomogeneities, “quasi-electrons” carrying charge and spin, and “svivons” carrying spin and some lattice distortion. The anomalous spectroscopic and transport properties of the cuprates are understood. The stripe-like inhomogeneities result from the Bose condensation of the svivon field, and the speed of their dynamics is determined by the width of the double-svivon neutron-resonance peak. The connection of this peak to the peak-dip-hump gap structure observed below Tc emerges naturally. Pairing results from transitions between pair states of stripons and quasi-electrons through the exchange of svivons. The pairing symmetry is of the d x 2−y2 type; however, sign reversal through the charged stripes results in features not characteristic of this symmetry. The phase diagram is determined by pairing and coherence lines within the regime of a Mott transition. Coherence without pairing results in a Fermi-liquid state, and incoherent pairing results in the pseudogap state where localized electron and electron pair states exist within the Hubbard gap. A metal-insulator-transition quantum critical point occurs between these two states at T = 0 when the superconducting state is suppressed. An intrinsic heterogeneity is expected of superconducting and pseudogap nanoscale regions.

Field of study: Physics
Construction of Complex Features for Computational Predicting ncRNA-Protein Interaction

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays important roles in many critical regulation processes. Many ncRNAs perform their regulatory functions by the form of RNA-protein complexes. Therefore, identifying the interaction between ncRNA and protein is fundamental to understand functions of ncRNA. Under pressures from expensive cost of experimental techniques, developing an accuracy computational predictive model has become an indispensable way to identify ncRNA-protein interaction. A powerful predicting model of ncRNA-protein interaction needs a good feature set of characterizing the interaction. In this paper, a novel method is put forward to generate complex features for characterizing ncRNA-protein interaction (named CFRP). To obtain a comprehensive description of ncRNA-protein interaction, complex features are generated by non-linear transformations from the traditional k-mer features of ncRNA and protein sequences. To further reduce the dimensions of complex features, a group of discriminative features are selected by random forest. To validate the performances of the proposed method, a series of experiments are carried on several widely-used public datasets. Compared with the traditional k-mer features, the CFRP complex features can boost the performances of ncRNA-protein interaction prediction model. Meanwhile, the CFRP-based prediction model is compared with several state-of-the-art methods, and the results show that the proposed method achieves better performances than the others in term of the evaluation metrics. In conclusion, the complex features generated by CFRP are beneficial for building a powerful predicting model of ncRNA-protein interaction.

Field of study: Biology
Production of neutron-rich Ca isotopes in transfer-type reactions

The production cross sections of neutron-rich isotopes 52, 54, 56, 58, 60Ca in the diffusive nucleon transfer reactions 48Ca + 197Au and 48Ca + 238U at incident energies close to the Coulomb barrier are predicted. The global trend of production cross-section with respect to the charge (mass) number of target in reactions with 48Ca beam is analysed for the future experiments.

Field of study: Physics
Towards the Utilization of Instructional Media for Effective Teaching and Learning of English in Kenya

Although English language is a compulsory subject in the Kenyan school curriculum, its teaching faces enhancement challenges. English language has been allotted more time for effective teaching and learning, this is however, not reflected in students’ performance results in many public secondary schools in Kenya. In assessing the cause of this poor performance, teachers are said to have absconded their duties.  Most teachers in public schools are said to absent themselves from school, while those who attend classes do not carry out their responsibilities when teaching. Moreover, since the introduction of free primary education in 2002, the number of pupils joining schools increased tremendously. This has seen an increased number of primary level graduates transit to secondary schools whereas the number of teachers remained the same.  The huge numbers of students in classes has posed a great challenge to effective teaching and instruction and to the use of teaching resources available.  In many instances, teachers have reverted to using only the traditional methods of teaching and instruction. Thus, this paper assesses the place and role of instructional media in enhancing teaching and learning of English language subject in Kenya. The paper urges for a renewed emphasis towards the use of Instructional Media by teachers and stakeholders. The paper proposes for a mandatory use of instructional media while teaching to enhance learning English language subject in Kenya.  Instructional media, Language teaching, instructional objectives, performance

Field of study: Education
The evolution of recreational fisheries management in Texas

Over the past 20 years, the nature of the management of marine fisheries in Texas has changed substantially. Changing fishery resource conditions, the emergence and growth of recreational fishing interest groups, and increased political activity by these groups have been influential. In this paper, the evolution of fisheries management in Texas is described for three time periods (pre-1975, 1975–1981, and 1982 to the present). During each period, attention is directed to (1) relevant fisheries issues, (2) concerns and capabilities of the management agency (3) the role of special-interest groups, (4) the perceived importance of recreational fisheries, (5) the types of data collected and how they were used in political decision-making, and (6) the nature of decisions made. Also, in an effort to understand the extent to which the management philosophy of optimum sustained yield has been institutionalized in Texas, emphasis is given to the role of social-science research during this evolution. Whereas it played a minor role in major fishery allocation decisions made in 1981, 10 years later there are social-science objectives in the management agency's strategic plan and support for agency/academic research efforts.

Field of study: Environmental science
Undergraduate and graduate students' attitudes towards AIDS.

Since its discovery in 1981, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been the source of great fear and controversy. Fear stems from uncertain risks of contagion and almost certain death once the syndrome has fully developed. AIDS has produced a number of social issues because the majority of A~S victims have been homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and minorities such as Haitian refugees (McLeod & Miller, 1985). Rights have been denied to its vinms (to maintain employment or to go to school, for instance), and misinformation appears to be influencing attitudes towards blood donation and the gay lifestyle. With no known cure for AIDS and medical consensus that a vaccine is several ycars away, human service professionals will continue to have important roles in directly serving and advocating for ADS victims, as well as educating the ill-informed. Several authors have delineated the roles of helping professionals with regard to Ams (Furstenberg & Olson, 1984; Lopez & Geael, 1984; Caputo, 1985; Baumgartner, 1985). However, wich the exception of a study which essentially explored homophobia among physicians and nurses (Douglas, Kalman, & Kalman, 1985) there is practically no research on the attitudes of professionals or professionals in training regarding AIDS victims. The purpose of this research was to explore how fear of ADS may be associated with knowledge about AIDS and empathy towards AIDS victims, using an available sample of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at the University of Kentucky. The effects of age, sex, race, and years of education on fear of AIDS were also examined. In the sample of 219 respondents 86 (39%) were undergraduate social work majors and 79 (36%) were graduate students in social work. The balance of the respondents (54) had other undergraduate majors. The mean age of the respondents was 27.8 yr. (range, 19 to 59 yr.). The majority were white (86%) and women (74%) A questionnaire using a >-point Likert-type response scale was consuucted from 3. review of salient issues appearing in the popular press. Three scales, a Knowledge Scale, a Fear Scale, and an Empathy Scale were devised from items on the instrument. The Knowledge Scale was created by summing the responses to three items (a = 66). These items asked whether the respondent agreed or disagreed with statements regarding the possibility of getting A~S from toilet seats in public restrooms or from gay employees of restaurants. The third item asked the respondents to rate their agreement or disagreement with the statement, "Over-all, I think I am well-informed about AIDS." Scores ranged from the possible 3 to 15 (M = 10.4, SD = 2.5). The Fear Scale had six items (a = .67) on which the respondent agreed or disagreed chat persons having AIDS should be quarantined, registered with the local health

Field of study: Psychology
North/South: The Great European Divide. Ricardo J. Quinones. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016. xii + 178 pp. $50.

treaty (xxviii). Further introductory material expands on each of these five sets—the Waring copies made in 1645–46, the items collected by the Dublin Commission between 1641 and 1647, the Bisse depositions taken in 1642, the 1640s examinations, and a later set collected between 1652 and 1654—identifying (where possible) those commissioned to take statements and their instructions and procedures in collecting, as well as other pertinent information essential to analysis of their contents. Each volume also contains an introduction specific to its contents. These are helpful in drawing attention to and assessing individual depositions that contribute substantially to new understandings of the full nature and impact of the Rising at the local level. Volume 3’s introduction to the documents from County Antrim, for instance, points out their importance in revealing “a series of little known episodes in which catholic Scots turned upon their protestant fellow soldiers, Scottish soldiers turned upon their Irish fellow soldiers and settlers and natives turned upon one another” (li). As the editors point out, this same set also exemplifies the danger of erroneous historical assessment caused by the disordered nature of the documents in their original state, where, in some cases, their misplacement under the individual’s new location rather than place of origin precluded accurate identification and hence analysis of localized episodes, a problem that simultaneously masked the populations’ dispersal in the wake of violence. This edition of the depositions provides an essential tool to understanding the 1641 Rising more accurately and comprehensively, opening up to the public an invaluable resource that can move forward the study of this pivotal event in Irish and British colonial history.

Field of study: History
Density estimation with confidence sets exemplified by superclusters and voids in the galaxies

A method is presented for forming both a point estimate and a confidence set of semiparametric densities. The final product is a three-dimensional figure that displays a selection of density estimates for a plausible range of smoothing parameters. The boundaries of the smoothing parameter are determined by a nonparametric goodness-of-fit test that is based on the sample spacings. For each value of the smoothing parameter our estimator is selected by choosing the normal mixture that maximizes a function of the sample spacings. A point estimate is selected from this confidence set by using the method of cross-validation. An algorithm to find the mixing distribution that maximizes the spacings functional is presented. These methods are illustrated with a data set from the astronomy literature. The measurements are velocities at which galaxies in the Corona Borealis region are moving away from our galaxy. If the galaxies are clustered, the velocity density will be multimodal, with clusters correspond...

Field of study: Mathematics
Popularization and Application of Network Access Control Technology in Electric Power Enterprises Baesd on 802.1X Protocol

Introduces the current situation of Zhongshan power enterprise information security,analyses terminal security issues,and makes a demand analysis for the status at present.Sets the development goals of Zhongshan power enterprises to strengthen the network computer terminal access control,and control of network viruses and worms spread.Targets for construction,analyzes the feasibility,and gives a detailed network access control solutions based on 802.1X,including design principles,technology and product selection,the overall deployment programs,and describes the desired effect.

Field of study: Computer science
Edge-Preserving Smoothers for Image Processing

Classical smoothers have limited usefulness in image processing, because sharp “edges” tend to be blurred. There is a literature on edge-preserving smoothers, but these all require moderately large “smooth stretches.” Here we discuss an approach to this problem called “sigma filtering” and propose an improvement based on running M estimation. Both computational and theoretical aspects are developed. For image processing, the methods have a niche between standard filtering approaches and Bayes–Markov random-field analysis.

Field of study: Mathematics
Atomic physics: a renewed vitality

In 1951 I had just accepted a job as assistant professor at New York University. I was at the time a postdoc working in Jerrold Zacharias's atomic‐beams laboratory at MIT. My PhD thesis (at NYU) had been in the field that was then called “gas discharges”, and now has the more dignified appellation of gaseous electronics. I wondered what kind of experiment to set up, upon my return to NYU, that would effectively exploit my rather minimal expertise in two seemingly disparate fields, one involving complex macroscopic phenomena in the gas phase, the other an elegant, though technically challenging field that dealt with atoms one at a time.

Field of study: Physics
Hot water extraction of longan polysaccharide assisted by microwave pretreatment

Longan polysaccharide (LPS) has been discovered to have high anti-oxidation and anti-senility activity, while only a few studies about its extraction and chemical structure analysis have been reported.In this paper, longan pulp was pretreated by microwave and then LPS was extracted with hot water.The results of single-factor examination and orthogonal experiments showed that the optimal process parameters for this method were: microwave pretreatment with power 700 W for 60 s, followed by hot water extraction with solid(g)-liquid (ml)ratio of 1∶15 at 100℃ for 7 h with stirring speed of 240 r·min -1.The optimal yield of 9.00 mg·g -1 (dried longan biomass weight) was achieved under these parameters.Ultraviolet spectrum and FTIR analysis showed that LPS was a β type acidic heterosaccharide with pyran and acetyl amino group.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Coding or Noncoding, the Converging Concepts of RNAs

Technological advances over the past decade have unraveled the remarkable complexity of RNA. The identification of small peptides encoded by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as regulatory functions mediated by non-coding regions of mRNAs have further complicated our understanding of the multifaceted functions of RNA. In this review, we summarize current evidence pointing to dual roles of RNA molecules defined by their coding and non-coding potentials. We also discuss how the emerging roles of RNA transform our understanding of gene expression and evolution.

Field of study: Biology