nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Humoral autoimmune response to ribosomal P proteins in chronic Chagas heart disease

The C terminal region of a Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein, encoded by the λgtll JL5 recombinant, defined a major antigenic determinant in chronic Chagas heart disease. Immunopurified anti‐JL5 antibodies were tested for anti‐human ribosome reactivity by immunoblotting. They recognized the parasite ribosomal P proteins and clearly reacted with the corresponding human P proteins. The peptide R‐13, that comprises the 13 C terminal residues of the JL5 recombinant and defines the specificity shared between chronic Chagas heart disease anti‐JL5 antibodies and the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) anti‐P antibodies, was used to study the specificity and the IgG subclass distribution of the anti‐R‐13 response by ELISA. The R‐13 autoepitope is recognized mainly by sera from chagasic patients, but not by sera from malaria patients. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between anti‐R‐13 antibody levels and anti‐T. cruzi antibody titres. The anti‐R‐13 response was mainly restricted to the IgG1 heavy chain isotype and correlated with the anti‐T. cruzi isotype distribution.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
4.5 kb of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase 5' flanking sequence directs tissue specific expression during development and contains consensus sites for multiple transcription factors.

To delineate DNA sequences responsible for developmentally correct expression of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, we analyzed a line of transgenic mice expressing high levels of human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) under control of 4.5 kb of 5' flanking DNA from the rat TH gene in embryos and adults. Several regions, such as the accessory olfactory bulb, which were not thought to synthesize TH protein or do so only transiently, were shown to express TH protein using an improved method of antigen retrieval for TH immunohistochemistry. Many of these regions had been shown to express TH-driven reporter genes in transgenic mice. In the central nervous system, AP was detected in essentially all TH-expressing cell groups throughout development and in adults. In the peripheral nervous system, transgene expression paralleled endogenous TH expression in the developing adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia but not in transiently TH-positive cells in dorsal root ganglia. Peripheral expression in the adult adrenal medulla was very weak and absent in sympathetic ganglia. The specificity with which the 4.5 kb region directs transgene expression in embryos is comparable to that observed with longer 5' flanking promoter regions, implying that this region contains the control elements for appropriate expression during development. Sequence analysis of the region demonstrates a GT dinucleotide repeat, an element that resembles the neural restrictive silencer element (NRSE), which restricts transcription of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells, and consensus sites for three families of transcription factors, Ptx1/3, Nurr1 and Gli1/2, which are required for the early differentiation of mesencephalic neurons.

Field of study: Biology
Twenty-five years of counseling family physicians: What have we learned?

In 1985, for the first time I asked Motherisk for advice regarding a pregnant patient who, unaware of her pregnancy, had taken tetracycline. I was very concerned, as was my patient, who was ready to terminate a wanted pregnancy for fear that she had harmed her baby. As a direct result of your advice, this "fetus" is now a happy 25-year-old mother of a healthy son. Your answer to me was as follows: This woman was exposed to tetracycline long before the teeth buds were formed; therefore, there was no apparent fetal risk. What do you think is some of the most important information you have given to practising family physicians over the past 25 years?



Unfortunately, too many decisions regarding management of pregnant women are based on misinformation or misconceptions of teratogenic risk. It is critical to base therapeutic decisions regarding exposures during pregnancy on balancing risks of untreated maternal disease with the existing evidence-based information on fetal safety.

Field of study: Medicine
New Limits on Extragalactic Magnetic Fields from Rotation Measures.

We take advantage of the wealth of rotation measures data contained in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey catalog to derive new, statistically robust, upper limits on the strength of extragalactic magnetic fields. We simulate the extragalactic magnetic field contribution to the rotation measures for a given field strength and correlation length, by assuming that the electron density follows the distribution of Lyman-α clouds. Based on the observation that rotation measures from distant radio sources do not exhibit any trend with redshift, while the extragalactic contribution instead grows with distance, we constrain fields with Jeans' length coherence length to be below 1.7 nG at the 2σ level, and fields coherent across the entire observable Universe below 0.65 nG. These limits do not depend on the particular origin of these cosmological fields.

Field of study: Physics
Structure of Escherichia coli YfdW, a type III CoA transferase.

Crystal structures are reported for free and coenzyme A (CoA) bound forms of the YfdW protein from Escherichia coli, a representative type III CoA transferase. The structures reveal a two-domain protomer with interdomain connections forming a ring-like structure with a large central hole. Two protomers associate to form a highly intertwined dimer in which the hole of each ring is filled by the partner molecule. Each protomer binds a single CoA molecule and these CoA-binding sites are distant from one another in the dimer.

Field of study: Chemistry
Class 1 integrons in benthic bacterial communities: abundance, association with Tn402-like transposition modules and evidence for coselection with heavy-metal resistance.

The integron/gene cassette system contributes to lateral gene transfer of genetic information in bacterial communities, with gene cassette-encoded proteins potentially playing an important role in adaptation to stress. Class 1 integrons are a particularly important class as they themselves seem to be broadly disseminated among the Proteobacteria and have an established role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The abundance and structure of class 1 integrons in freshwater sediment bacterial communities was assessed through sampling of 30 spatially distinct sites encompassing different substrate and catchment types from the Greater Melbourne Area of Victoria, Australia. Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate that the abundance of intI1 was increased as a result of ecosystem perturbation, indicated by classification of sample locations based on the catchment type and a strong positive correlation with the first principal component factor score, comprised primarily of the heavy metals zinc, mercury, lead and copper. Additionally, the abundance of intI1 at sites located downstream from treated sewage outputs was associated with the percentage contribution of the discharge to the basal flow rate. Characterization of class 1 integrons in bacteria cultured from selected sediment samples identified an association with complete Tn402-like transposition modules, and the potential for coselection of heavy-metal and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in benthic environments.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
The Implications of Tax Maneuver: Production of Oil and Petrochemicals

A tax maneuver in the oil and oil refining industries contributed to some changes in the pattern of production of petrochemicals: the total volume of oil refining decreased, while the volume of production of motor gasoline increased somewhat. It is to be noted that the tax maneuver had an effect on the pattern of exports of petrochemicals, too: with duties increased on residual oil its exports fell dramatically, while with export duties reduced on commercial gasoline, directly distilled gasoline and light and medium distillates their exports increased. Reduction of export duties on diesel fuel brought about growth in its share in the total exports of petrochemicals.

Field of study: Economics
[Antibodies to native and denatured DNA in multiple sclerosis].

An aim of the present paper was to study antibodies to native and denatured DNA in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty-two patients and 27 healthy people (controls) have been studied. The significantly higher levels of antibodies to native (56% of patients) and denatured (67% of patients) DNA were observed compared to controls. The higher levels of antibodies were found in patients with remitting MS compared to primarily- and secondary progressive MS. The results obtained support the hypothesis that anti-DNA antibodies to DNA are the key component of the pathogenesis and their level depends on the immunoreactivity of the patient and MS course.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A mathematical model to predict the wear rate of nozzles with elliptical orifices

A mathematical model was developed to predict orifice wear rate for fan-pattern, spray nozzles. Variables affecting nozzle wear rate in the model are usage time, spray pressure, initial orifice size, effective coefficient of friction between orifice wall and fluid, orifice material, and the fluid. Spray-pattern measurements for new and worn orifices verified that wear mainly increased minor-axis length of the elliptical orifice with very little wear at the ends of the major axis. There was good agreement between predicted and measured flow rate increases for worn orifices with various materials and nominal capacities for up to about 38% increase in flow rate relative to new orifices. Both the model and experiments indicated nozzle wear rate increased with usage time, spray pressure, effective coefficient of friction between nozzle orifice wall and fluid, and ratio of major to minor axis of the elliptical orifice.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Performance on Multiple Choice Tests and Penalty for Guessing

Two multiple-choice achievement tests were administered to 102 undergraduates, fifty-three males and forty-nine females, under conditions of penalty vs. no penalty for guessing as part of regular evaluation in a course. A three-way (intelligence, penalty for guessing, and sex) multivariate analysis of variance, involving rights, wrongs, and omissions, indicated only two main effects (intelligence and penalty for guessing) to have significant (p ^ .05) influence on performance. The penalty for guessing resulted in highly (p < .001) signif icant a. ) decrease in rights, b. ) increase in wrongs, and c. ) increase in omissions. Penalty for guessing effectively controlled risk-taking tendency only when the material was difficult.

Field of study: Education
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION REDUCTION OF PILE AND BOARD FOUNDATION

The joint action of building, pile and board foundation and soil is studied by finite element method. The vibration control ability of pile and board foundation to different frequency excitation is obtained. A processing method for damping is established when structure dynamics is analyzed with direct integration method. Simulating methods of soil in finite element method are discussed. Selecting principles of transition element for small oscillation problem are suggested.

Field of study: Engineering
Alterations of cAMP response element-binding activity in the aged rat brain in response to administration of rolipram, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent kinase via an increase in cAMP, and regulates gene transcription by binding to the cAMP response element (CRE) on target genes. We examined age-dependent alterations in the DNA-binding activity of CREB in rat brain regions, and the effects of rolipram, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor on the CRE-binding activity by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA). A marked age-dependent decrease in the CRE-binding activity was shown in all brain regions examined, especially in the basal forebrain, the striatum and the hippocampus. Furthermore, CRE-binding activities in the basal forebrain of both young-adult and aged rats significantly increased 2 h after rolipram administration (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and the rolipram treatment recovered the decreased CRE-binding activity in the aged rats. The saturation experiment in EMSA also revealed that rolipram reversed the decrease in the maximum CRE-bindings in the basal forebrain with aging. Since the 5' upstream region of the rat choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene contains CRE, and ChAT-positive neurons in the basal forebrain project to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus, rolipram may exert its previously reported ameliorating effect on the age-related reductions of ChAT activities in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus by phosphorylating CREB in the basal forebrain with activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase via inhibition of PDE.

Field of study: Biology
Online and On My Mind: Temporary and Chronic Accessibility Moderate the Influence of Media Figures

To investigate the influence of media figures on self-perception, online gamers reported how central their main videogame character (avatar) is to their own identity and answered questions about their avatar's body size either before or after questions about their own body size. When the avatar was not central to the gamer's identity, the avatar's body size influenced gamer's own body judgments only when the avatar was brought to mind by preceding questions. When the avatar was central to the gamer's identity, it influenced gamers' own body judgments independent of question order. In both cases, accessible avatars elicited assimilation effects on self-judgment. We conclude that media figures exert a chronic influence on self-judgment when they are central to the self.

Field of study: Psychology
Remembering a Massacre in El Salvador: The Insurrection of 1932, Roque Dalton, and the Politics of Historical Memory (review)

in his concluding chapter. He contends that Batopilas is, above all, an example of the larger late nineteenth-early twentieth century pattern of United States industrial capitalism coming to localities across the Caribbean Basin. In the more general sense it is. But probing more deeply, perhaps, one uncovers a dual structure within that general pattern. The well-established contrast of Robinson and Shepard reveals two stages of North American capitalism’s intrusion into Latin America: one, between 1850 and 1880, in which more individual, entrepreneurial capitalists introduced modernizing instruments and practices to extractive and infrastructure ventures, but compromised with, as much as changed the local societies they encountered; and a second, beginning in the 1880s, that brought the full weight of industrial, corporate capitalism to bear on those localities, radically altering them. It is the contrast of Henry Meiggs in Peru with the Cananea and Guggenheim Mining Companies in northern Mexico, the transportation ventures of Cornelius Vanderbilt with the United Fruit Company in Central America.

Field of study: History
Characterization of the interaction between the human DNA topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and the cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45) protein.

TopBP1 (topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1) is a BRCT [BRCA1 (breast-cancer susceptibility gene 1) C-terminal]-domain-rich protein that is structurally and functionally conserved throughout eukaryotic organisms. It is required for the initiation of DNA replication and for DNA repair and DNA damage signalling. Experiments with fission yeast and Xenopus revealed that the TopBP1 homologues of these organisms are required for chromatin loading of the replication protein Cdc45 (cell division cycle 45). To improve our understanding of the physiological functions of human TopBP1, we investigated the interplay between human TopBP1 and Cdc45 proteins in synchronized HeLa-S3 cells. Using GST (glutathione transferase) pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation techniques, we showed a direct interaction between TopBP1 and Cdc45 in vitro and in vivo. The use of deletion mutants in GST pull-down assays identified the first and second as well as the sixth BRCT domains of TopBP1 to be responsible for the functional interaction with Cdc45. Moreover, the interaction between Cdc45 and the first and second BRCT domains of TopBP1 inhibited their transcriptional activation both in yeast and mammalian one-hybrid systems. Both proteins interacted exclusively at the G(1)/S boundary of cell cycle; only weak interaction could be found at the G(2)/M boundary. The overexpression of the sixth BRCT domain led to diminished loading of Cdc45 on to chromatin. These results suggest that human TopBP1 is involved in the formation of the initiation complex of replication in human cells and is required for the recruitment of Cdc45 to origins of DNA replication.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Opinions on Raising Competitive Capability of Jiangsu Provincial Local Enterprises in the Areas Along the Yangtze River

Although Jiangsu fits out along the river the economic all-up weight of manufacturing industry many years lists the nationwide first place, but the economic results lie in second standard always. The inflexible profession business puts in defect, Glide slope station tendency is strenuously presentd in some the produces marketplace contests. The Jiangsu along the river medicine manufacturing industry is living, and the nationwide medicine profession economic results increase is comeing out top. The contribution that the Chemical industry and textile industry is very great in the industrial business. Since the fact that the business advertisement is put in reclaimation defect in marketplace along the river, The brand is ageing, Best famous brand marketplace the passessing rate possess descent tendency. The original to this was propose the countermove and was proposed.

Field of study: Economics
Hypoxia-inducible factor induction by tumour necrosis factor in normoxic cells requires receptor-interacting protein-dependent nuclear factor kappa B activation.

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) binds to its receptor (TNFR1) and activates both death- and inflammation/survival-related signalling pathways. The inflammation and survival-related signalling cascade results in the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and requires recruitment of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) to TNFR1. The indispensable role of RIP in TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation has been demonstrated in RIP(-/-) mice and in cell lines derived from such mice. In the present study, we show that the TNF-alpha-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) protein in normoxic cells is RIP-dependent. Exposing fibroblasts derived from RIP(-/-) mice to either cobalt or PMA resulted in an equivalent HIF-1 alpha induction to that seen in RIP(+/+) fibroblasts. In contrast, RIP(-/-) cells were unable to induce HIF-1 alpha in response to TNF-alpha. Further, transient transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with an NF-kappa B super-repressor plasmid (an inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation) also prevented HIF-1 alpha induction by TNF-alpha. Surprisingly, although HIF-1 alpha mRNA levels remained unchanged after induction by TNF, induction of HIF-1 alpha protein by the cytokine was completely blocked by pretreatment with the transcription inhibitors actinomycin D and 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside. Finally, TNF failed to induce both HIF-1 alpha, made resistant to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), and wild-type HIF-1 alpha transfected into VHL(-/-) cells. These results indicate that HIF-1 alpha induction by TNF-alpha in normoxic cells is mediated by protein stabilization but is nonetheless uniquely dependent on NF-kappa B-driven transcription. Thus the results describe a novel mechanism of HIF-1 alpha up-regulation and they identify HIF-1 alpha as a unique component of the NF-kappa B-mediated inflammatory/survival response.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Ionen- und elektronenoptische Zylinderlinsen und Prismen. I

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, da\ eine beliebige Kombination eines elektrischen Radialfeldes und eines dazu senkrechten Magnetfeldes eine elektronenoptische Abbildung liefert, die den gleichen GesetzmÄ\igkeiten gehorcht wie die Abbildung durch eine optische Zylinderlinse kombiniert mit einem Prisma. Die Lage der Kardinal-punkte wird berechnet und die Ergebnisse der Theorie werden auf verschiedene SpezialfÄlle angewandt.

Field of study: Physics
The role of CD11c+ hepatic dendritic cells in the induction of innate immune responses

The role of the liver in the initiation and maintenance of tolerance is a critical immune function that involves multiple lineages of immune cells. Included within these populations are liver dendritic cells (DCs). Although there has been significant work on the phenotypic and functional roles of splenic and bone marrow dendritic cells, as well as their subsets, comparable studies in liver have often been difficult. To address this issue we have isolated, from C57BL/6 mice, relatively pure populations of DCs and compared phenotype and function to the data from spleen using flow cytometry, cell sorter assisted purification and culture, morphology by cytospin and May–Giemsa staining, cell cycle progression, antigen uptake, cytokine production and allo‐activation potential. natural killer (NK)1·1–CD11c+ liver DC subsets (conventional DCs, T cell receptor (TcR)β–NK1·1–CD11c+B220– and plasmacytoid DCs, TcRβ–NK1·1–CD11c+B220+) efficiently endocytose dextran and produce significant levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐12 p40 in response to Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands, with responses higher than splenic DCs. There is also a differential capability of hepatic DCs to respond to innate signals. Indeed, CD11c+ hepatic DCs have a greater capacity to respond to innate stimulation but are less capable of inducing CpG activated‐allogeneic T cells. These data suggest that hepatic dendritic cells function as a critical bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and are capable of inducing stronger innate responses with a lower capacity for allo‐stimulation than splenic dendritic cells. These properties of liver dendritic cells contribute to their unique role in the induction of tolerance.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
The representation type of Hecke algebras of type B

This paper determines the representation type of the Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type B when q ≠±1. In particular, we show that a single parameter non-semisimple Iwahori–Hecke algebra of type B has finite representation type if and only if q is a simple root of the Poincare polynomial, confirming a conjecture of Uno's ( (1992) 287).

Field of study: Mathematics