nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Noncoding RNA Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed Gene as a Potential Target to Upregulate the Expression of IRX5 by miR-136-5P to Promote Oncogenic Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The long-noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) gene was first found to be activated in colorectal neoplasia. Now, it also has been found to be upregulated in many other solid tumors. Whether CRNDE affects tumorigenesis remains unknown.  We conducted bioinformatics, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot analysis, cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, cell migration and invasion assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, and reporter vector construction and luciferase assays.  CRNDE was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overexpression of CRNDE promoted HCC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in intro and in vivo, and acted as an oncogene in HCC progression. Furthermore, CRNDE impaired miR-136-5P expression in a RISC manner, and a reciprocal repression feedback loop was possible between CRNDE and miR-136-5P. We found that the neighboring mRNA of CRNDE was IRX5, and IRX5 increased the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. IRX5 was a potential downstream target gene of miR-136-5P. MiR-136 regulated IRX5 by interacting with its 3’UTR. In addition, miR-136-5P was involved in the CRNDE-regulated expression of IRX5.  CRNDE acted as a tumor oncogene by exhibiting oncogenic properties of human HCC and revealed a novel CRNDE-miR-136-5P-IRX5 regulatory network in HCC. CRNDE may be considered to be a potential target for HCC therapies based on its ability to upregulate IRX5, and it deserves further investigation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the antitumor activity of cepharanthine in SaOS2 cells

To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of cepharanthine (CEP), an alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata.Human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS2 was used. MTT assay, Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining, flow cytometry, Western blotting and nude mouse xenografts of SaOS2 cells were applied to examine the antitumor activity of CEP in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of STAT3 and its downstream signaling molecules were measured with Western blotting and immunochemistry analysis. The activity of STAT3 was detected based on the phosphorylation level of STAT3, luciferase gene reporter assay and translocation of STAT3 to the nucleus.Treatment of SaOS2 cells with CEP (2.5–20 μmol/L) inhibited the cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CEP (10 μmol/L) caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and induced apoptosis of SaOS2 cells. CEP (10 and 15 μmol/L) significantly decreased the expression of STAT3 in SaOS2 cells. Furthermore, CEP (5 and 10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the expression of target genes of STAT3, including the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL and the cell cycle regulators c-Myc and cyclin D1. In nude mouse xenografts of SaOS2 cells, CEP (20 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip for 19 d) significantly reduced the volume and weight of the tumor.Our findings suggest that inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the anti-tumor activity of CEP.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Cholesterol modifies classical conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response.

Cholesterol plays an important role in synapse formation, receptor function, and synaptic plasticity, and animal studies show that modifying cholesterol may improve learning and memory. Other data show that feeding animals cholesterol can induce beta amyloid accumulation. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed 2% cholesterol for 8 weeks were given trace conditioning of the nictitating membrane response using a 100-ms tone, a 700-ms trace, and periorbital electrical stimulation or airpuff. Rabbits fed cholesterol showed significant facilitation of trace conditioning to airpuff and conditioning-specific reflex modification to periorbital electrical stimulation and airpuff. The cholesterol-fed rabbits had beta amyloid accumulation in the cortex, but little in the hippocampus. The data suggest cholesterol had facilitative effects that outweighed potential amnesic effects of cortical beta amyloid.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Connectivity between a spatial management network and a multi-jurisdictional ocean trawl fishery

Spatial management is often applied in penaeid trawl fisheries to avoid non-optimal size classes of target species, by providing areas of refuge from trawl fishing effort. Efficient application of spatial management relies on having a detailed knowledge of animal movements, particularly for species with complex life histories. Using Eastern King Prawn (Penaeus (Melicertus) plebejus; EKP) as a case study, we examine how spatial and temporal factors can influence connectivity between a spatial management network designed to protect small prawns from capture by trawlers, and a multi-jurisdictional (Queensland [Qld] and New South Wales [NSW]) fishery. Over 7500 prawns were tagged across multiple years in three northern NSW spatial management areas, and 786 tagged prawns were recaptured across both jurisdictions. The majority of prawns tended to be recaptured from deeper waters adjacent to, or directly north of, the spatial management areas, but tagging location and release timing influenced recapture patterns. Cohorts tagged early in the growth season showed lower recapture rates, but were larger on average at recapture, and had migrated further. Prawns reached the fishery in the adjacent jurisdiction (Qld) within 54 days-post tagging, but for most cohorts the majority of recaptures were in NSW zones. Overall, there was good connectivity between all spatial management areas and the NSW fishery, and tagged prawns also reached the Qld spawning areas. This represents an optimal scenario for NSW fishers (who forgo capture of prawns within these spatial management areas): the prawns protected in the closure areas primarily contribute to harvest of larger sized prawns within NSW waters; and a portion of the protected prawns survive to reach the southern Queensland spawning grounds, which is the primary source of recruits for northern NSW nurseries. These findings are broadly relevant to defining the role and impact of established and proposed spatial management networks within penaeid fisheries.

Field of study: Environmental science
Markedness, operator movement and discourse effects in the acquisition of purpose clause constructions in a second language

This article appraises the effects of gap position and discourse information in the acquisition of purpose clause constructions (PCs) by adult Francophones learning English as L2. L1 acquisition studies reveal children having little difficulty interpreting a PC with a subject gap only (SPC) while a PC with an object gap (OPC) has been problematic to interpret. This may be the result of the number of syntactic operations–including operator movement–involved in its derivation plus lexically specified restrictions on the matrix verb. There are grounds for hypothesizing a late emergence of OPCs in English for French speakers. They are not allowed in French and, in addition to lexical restrictions associated with the choice of matrix verb, are marked semantically and typologically; an OPC with a prepositional object gap is additionally syntactically marked. This may thus result in the late acquisition of OPCs relative to SPCs. An additional hypothesis addresses whether L2 learners are adept at using discourse clues to interpret syntactic structure. Results indicate initial difficulty interpreting only PCs with prepositional object gaps, providing support for the hypothesis that syntactically (structurally) marked constructions may create initial learning difficulty in L2 acquisition.

Field of study: Linguistics
Characteristics of Arsenic Metabolites in Human Liver Hepatocytes

Hyphenated technique of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(HPLC-ICP-MS) was applied to the determination of arsenic metabolites in Chang liver cells after arsenic incubation.Two unknown arsenicals were found,one of which was speculated as methylarsonous acid(MMAⅢ),and further characterized using standard addition method using synthesized MMA Ⅲ standard.Quantitative analysis results showed that monomethylarsenicals,dimethylarsenicals and inorganic arsenicals in hepatocytes after arsenic incubation were increasing with the increase of initial incubated arsenic concentration while the methylation rate decreasing with the increase of initial incubated arsenic concentration,which indicated that high concentration of arsenic has the inhibition to the ability of arsenic methylation of Chang liver cells.

Field of study: Chemistry
Hospitalized acquired pneumonia in Nursing Hospital

目的 作者调查上海市卢湾区老年护理医院院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的发病情况和探讨其防治措施.方法 回顾性调查了2008年1月至2011年12月的4年期间在卢湾区老年护理医院发病的185例HAP患者的临床资料,分析患者的中、重度基础疾病,发生HAP的危险因素和致病菌情况等.结果① HAP发生率为8.5%(185/2164例),死亡率为31.89%(59/185例).②HAP的主要危险因素为年龄>70岁...

Field of study: Medicine
Cooperative simultaneous localisation and mapping using independent Rao–Blackwellised filters

This study focuses on an approach to the multi-robot simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) problem. The authors consider that a team of robots start the map building process from known initial poses and move through the environment observing a set of landmarks. In particular, the authors consider that the robots are equipped with vision sensors and are capable to compute the relative distance to natural visual landmarks. In the proposed approach, each robot computes an own global map and integrates its own observations in it. In addition, each robot is also capable of integrating the measurements obtained by other robots in his own map, thus cooperating to compute a global map using the information provided by all the robots in the team. In this way, each robot in the team builds a different global map. The approach presented here differs from others in the sense that each robot maintains an independent SLAM filter, and still each robot can introduce the observations of other robots in his own map. The authors present a set of experimental results obtained in a simulated environment that validate the proposed approach.

Field of study: Computer science
Unitarity of Unipotent Representations of Sp(p,q) and SO*(2n)

The purpose of this paper is to define a set of representations of Sp(p,q) and SO*(2n), the unipotent representations of the title, and establish their unitarity. The unipotent representations considered here properly contain the special unipotent representations of Arthur and Barbasch-Vogan; in particular we settle the unitarity of special unipotent representations for these groups.

Field of study: Mathematics
The 1993 Midwest Extreme Precipitation in Historical and Probabilistic Perspective

Extreme rainfall amounts that resulted in severe flooding during the spring and summer of 1993 along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers are examined from a historical and probabilistic viewpoint. Long-term average precipitation amounts and the departures of the 1993 summer rainfall from these averages are presented. Also, climatic regionalization and precipitation probabilities developed for the National Drought Atlas using L-moment techniques have been applied to the drainage area that contributed to the flooding. The exceedance probabilities of monthly and multiple-month observed precipitation amounts have been calculated. The results show that the three-month period May-July experienced unusually heavy rainfall when compared to prior years, and that July was particularly wet. Recurrence intervals for the rainfall events vary widely depending on the specific time period and locality, but the observed precipitation was an extreme event.

Field of study: Environmental science
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES AND BRIDGES UNDER CROSS WINDS WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF VEHICLE MOVING

The exact identification of the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges is the premise for the coupling vibration analysis of a wind-vehicle-bridge system.At present,the relative motion between vehicles and bridges was ignored in most researches.It is difficult for wind tunnel tests to simulate the moving of a vehicle and to measure the aerodynamic forces of vehicles and bridges under cross winds respectively.The aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges under cross winds with the consideration of vehicles moving are investigated by using the dynamic mesh method of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in this paper.The dependence of aerodynamic forces on vehicle speeds was determined and the interaction of aerodynamic forces between vehicles and bridges and the influence of the turbulence were investigated.The results showed that the vehicle speed and the interaction of aerodynamic forces between the vehicle and bridge had great influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges.The turbulence also had some influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridges.In the end,comparing and analyzing the pressure and velocity contour of the three cases(cases 1,2 and 3),the interaction mechanism of the aerodynamic forces between vehicles and bridges were discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Behavioral contrast as a function of the temporal location of reinforcement.

Pigeons were trained on a multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. One component was then changed to a variation of a fixed-interval schedule in which the same rate of reinforcement was obtained as previously but the location of the reinforcer was fixed within the component. The effects of different temporal locations were compared. An increase in response rate for the unchanged variable-interval component (behavioral contrast) occurred when the reinforcer was located in the middle or at the end of the FI component, but response suppression occurred when it was located at the beginning of the component. The pattern of results cannot be explained by any previous theories of contrast. The overall response rates, and the pattern of local rates within the components, were consistent with the hypothesis that the major determinant of the contrast effect was the transition to a lower reinforcement rate following the unchanged component.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
The organization structure of the provincial quality control and supervision to the higher education

The organization structure of the provincial quality control and supervision to the higher education has a basic characteristic of having the same goal,the structure complexity,cooperation in the process and so on.There exist a lot of conflicts in the process of the execution of the rights between the government supervision and the school's selfregulation,the power intersect between the central government and the provincial government and the conflicts between the different divisions of the provincial administration.In order to form an rational provincial supervision system to the education quality of the higher institutions,it is quite necessary for the organizations to set up a common goal,communicateeffectively and share information fully,and to reasonably distribute the rights and the responsibilities in the system.

Field of study: Education
Design and Implementation of a Professional Development Course Series

To design and implement a longitudinal course series focused on professional development and professional identity formation in pharmacy students at Western New England University.  A four-year, theme-based course series was designed to sequentially and longitudinally impart the values, attributes, and characteristics of a professional pharmacist. Requirements of the course include: goal planning and reflective assignments, submission of “Best Works,” attendance at professional meetings, completion of service hours, annual completion of a Pharmacy Professionalism Instrument, attendance at Dean’s Seminar, participation in roundtable discussions, and maintenance of an electronic portfolio. Though the Professional Development course series carries no credit, these courses are progression requirements and students are assessed on a pass/fail basis.  Course pass rates in the 2015-2016 academic year for all four classes were 99% to 100%, suggesting the majority of students take professional development seriously and are achieving the intended outcomes of the courses.  A professional development course series was designed and implemented in the new Doctor of Pharmacy program at Western New England University to enhance the professional identity formation of students.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
General measurement of optical system aberrations with a continuously variable lateral shear ratio by a randomly encoded hybrid grating.

A general lateral shearing interferometry method to measure the wavefront aberrations with a continuously variable shear ratio by the randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG) is proposed. The REHG consists of a randomly encoded binary amplitude grating and a phase chessboard. Its Fraunhofer diffractions contain only four orders which are the ±1 orders in two orthogonal directions due to the combined modulation of the amplitude and phase. As a result, no orders selection mask is needed for the REHG and the shear ratio is continuously variable, which is beneficial to the variation of sensitivity and testing range for different requirements. To determine the fabrication tolerance of this hybrid grating, the analysis of the effects of different errors on the diffraction intensity distributions is carried out. Experiments have shown that the testing method can achieve a continuously variable shear ratio with the same REHG, and the comparison with a ZYGO GPI interferometer exhibits that the aberration testing method by the REHG is highly precise and also has a good repeatability. This testing method by the REHG is available for general use in testing the aberrations of different optical systems in situ.

Field of study: Physics
Calibration of Phone Likelihoods in Automatic Speech Recognition

In this paper we study the probabilistic properties of the posteriors in a speech recognition system that uses a deep neural network (DNN) for acoustic modeling. We do this by reducing Kaldi's DNN shared pdf-id posteriors to phone likelihoods, and using test set forced alignments to evaluate these using a calibration sensitive metric. Individual frame posteriors are in principle well-calibrated, because the DNN is trained using cross entropy as the objective function, which is a proper scoring rule. When entire phones are assessed, we observe that it is best to average the log likelihoods over the duration of the phone. Further scaling of the average log likelihoods by the logarithm of the duration slightly improves the calibration, and this improvement is retained when tested on independent test data.

Field of study: Computer science
Impact of prealbumin levels on mortality in patients with acute kidney injury: an observational cohort study.

We evaluated the prognostic value of prealbumin (transthyretin) levels in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).



This was a longitudinal, single-center, observational cohort study.



The setting was a university-affiliated hospital.



One hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients with AKI matched at least one of the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage (RIFLE) criteria for increased serum creatinine, and had requested a nephrology consultation between April 2000 and March 2006.



We conducted a computer-assisted review of all cases of AKI seen by a nephrologist between April 2000 and March 2006. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of in-hospital mortality associated with serum prealbumin level at the beginning of the nephrology consultation.



Clinicopathologic variables were compared between patients with a serum prealbumin level <11 mg/dL (the exposed group; cutoff point, median) and patients with a serum prealbumin level > or =11 mg/dL (the control group). In-hospital mortality rates associated with prealbumin levels were 45.0% for <11 mg/dL, and 19.8% for > or =11 mg/dL (P = .001). After adjusted analysis, the presence of a serum prealbumin level <11 mg/dL was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.08), compared with patients with the same Liano scoring, the same RIFLE classes, and the same treatment for AKI, but with a serum prealbumin level > or =11 mg/dL. In addition, each increment of 5 mg/dL of serum prealbumin was associated with an adjusted 29% decrease of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.96).



Serum prealbumin levels <11 mg/dL were strongly associated with a higher risk of death, independent of AKI severity, comorbid illnesses, serum C-reactive protein levels, and other possible confounders. The measurement of serum prealbumin levels may be an inexpensive and useful tool in the evaluation of the risk profiles of AKI patients.

Field of study: Medicine
A Review:Implementation Of OLAP Semantic Web Technologies For Business Analytic System Developement

Business Intelligence (BI) tools provide fundamental supporting analyzing large volumes of information. Data Warehouses (DW) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools are used to store and analyze data. Nowadays more and more information is available on the Web in the form of Resource Description Framework (RDF) and BI tools have huge potential of achieving better results by integrating real-time data from web sources into the analysis process. We describe the convergence of some of the most influential technologies in the last few years, namely data warehousing (DW), on-line analytical processing (OLAP), and the Semantic Web (SW). OLAP is used by enterprises to derive important business-critical knowledge from data inside the company. However, the most interesting OLAP queries can no longer be answered on internal data alone, external data must also be discovered (most often on the web), acquired, integrated, and (analytically)queried, resulting in a new type of OLAP, exploratory OLAP. When using external data, an important issue knows the precise semantics of the data. Here, SW technologies come to the rescue, as they allow semantics (ranging from very simple to very complex) to be specified for web-available resources. Next, we goes on to survey the use of SW Technologies for data modeling and data provisioning, including semantic data annotation and semanticaware extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes. Finally, all the findings are discussed and a number of directions for future research are outlined, including SW support for intelligent MD querying, using SW technologies for providing context to data warehouses, and scalability issues.

Field of study: Engineering
Human immunodeficiency virus, DNA and statistics

Understanding the causes and consequences of genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most important tasks facing medical and evolutionary biologists alike. A powerful analytical tool which is available to those working in this field is the phylogenetic tree, which describes the evolutionary relationships of the sequences in a sample and the history of the mutational events which separate them. Although phylogenetic trees of HIV are becoming commonplace, their use can be improved by tailoring the underlying statistical models to the idiosyncrasies of viral biology. The design and refinement of phylogenetic analyses consequently represents an important practical use of statistical methods in HIV research.

Field of study: Mathematics