nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Three orders of regional sea-level changes control facies and stacking patterns of shallow platform carbonates in the Maestrat Basin (Tithonian-Berriasian, NE Spain)

Middle Tithonian-Berriasian shallow platform carbonates of the Maestrat Basin (Salzedella and Montanejos sections, NE Spain) are stacked in sequence stratigraphic units of different orders. Higher-order sequences (parasequences and subunits) have a shallowing or deepening-shallowing evolution. They have been related to the short-term eccentricity and precession cycles. Major facies changes and stacking pattern of parasequences reveal the presence of two 2nd-order sequences. The Lower Sequence is middle Tithonian-mid early Berriasian in age. The Upper Sequence extends up to the mid-late Berriasian. It is suggested that local subsidence changes along with regional sea-level changes controlled the long-term evolution of accommodation in the Maestrat Basin. Facies evolution, stacking pattern and sharp lithological changes have allowed the definition of five 3rd-order sequences in the Lower Sequence in Montanejos. The transgressive deposits are characterised by the progressive absence of the restricted lagoon facies, and the presence of deepening-upward intervals in the parasequences. The highstand deposits display an increase in siliciclastics and a progressive predominance of restricted lagoon facies. Some of the 3rd-order sequence boundaries match the sequence boundaries identified in other European basins and may be related to sea-level falls (induced by the long-term eccentricity cycle) enhanced during periods of long-term loss of accommodation.

Field of study: Environmental science
An Attachment-Theoretical Approach to Romantic Love and Religious Belief

This study conceptualizes personal religion, like romantic love, in terms of attachment theory and explores empirical relationships between adult attachment style and religious belief and behavior in an adult sample. Respondents who classified themselves as secure reported greater religious commitment and more positive images of God than insecure respondents. Avoidant respondents were more likely to describe themselves as agnostics; anxious/ambivalent respondents were more likely to report having had a glossolalia experience. Security of attachment to God was positively associated with security of adult attachment, but only among respondents who described their childhood maternal attachments as insecure. Attachment to God, in contrast to other religion variables, was strongly and significantly related to several mental and physical health outcomes. Results are interpreted in terms of mental models of attachment relationships, including relationships with God.

Field of study: Psychology
Protestant Missions, Cuban Nationalism and the Machadato

Before the Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1898, Protestantism and Cuban nationalism coexisted relatively comfortably and even naturally, the function of a Protestant movement under Spanish colonialism that, unlike the rest of Latin America, was run not by North American or English missionaries, but by Cuban ministers. After United States intervention in 1898, U.S. interests were imposed on virtually every sector of Cuban society, including organized Protestantism, influencing Cuba's development for at least the next half-century. Preempted by U.S. intervention, Cuban nationalism, in both its ecclesiastical and secular dimensions, endured and intensified with the deepening of Cubans' dependency on the U.S. Politically, Cuban nationalism was expressed in growing protests and demands for a more genuine independence by abrogating the Platt Amendment and otherwise ending U.S. interventionism. Ecclesiastically, Cubans pushed for a greater role in Protestant church affairs, and toward Cubanization of the Church. Protestant missions thus confronted a rising nationalism within and outside the Church. By 1920, eastern Cuba, the cradle of Cuban independence, became the epicenter of this struggle.

Field of study: History
Repeated noise pattern in the data of arXiv:1807.08572, "Evidence for Superconductivity at Ambient Temperature and Pressure in Nanostructures"

A recent preprint  has reported the observation of room temperature supercondutivity in a nanostructured solid composed of gold and silver nanocrystals. Given the extraordinary and exciting nature of this claim, it is worth examining the reported data closely. In this short comment I point out a very surprising feature in the data: an identical pattern of noise for two presumably independent measurements of the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature.

Field of study: Physics
Screening Versus Plea Bargaining: Exactly What Are We Trading Off?

I was delighted to be invited to comment on Ronald Wright and Marc Miller's important and instructive article, The Screening/Bargaining Tradeoff 1 Those familiar with the authors' work, including their original and fascinating criminal procedure casebook, will be unsurprised by many of the article's virtues, including a focus on empirical examination of real-world practice and (perhaps a special case of that more general virtue) attention to practices at the state and local level, where most criminal law enforcement actually occurs.2 Wright and Miller develop some interesting insights into the potential for changes in plea bargaining practices that have frequently been treated as inevitable, and they do so, characteristically, through a close examination of actual practice in a particular district attorney's office. Their provocative article deserves, and will surely receive, a wide and appreciative readership.

Field of study: Law
Fixed Point Theorem of Modified S-Iteration Process for Ciric Quasi Contractive Operator in CAT(0) spaces

The aim of this paper is to study the strong convergence of modified S-iteration process for Ciric quasi contractive operator in the framework of CAT(0) spaces. Also we give an application of our result with supporting example. Our result improves and extends some corresponding previous result from the existing literature (see, e.g., [3, 29] and many others).

Field of study: Mathematics
Validating the differences between Associate and Bachelor students by comparing performances in a combined class setting

Observed differences between Associate and Bachelor students are often justified by citing the comparative poorer performance of 2-year students that continue into 4-year programs. This research offers a different approach by investigating introductory-level management courses taught as a combined class at a regional campus of a state university. Results indicated noted differences between the two groups in regard to exam grades, peer reviews and attendance. This analysis of combined sophomore-level management courses supports prior findings of transfer student performance in upper-level courses.

Field of study: Education
Clinic meatotomy under topical anesthesia.

Almost 20 years after Cartwright et al. (1996) demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of clinic meatotomy (CM) under topical lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) anesthesia, 50% of meatotomies are still performed under general anesthesia (GA) (Godley et al., 2015). The cost of a meatotomy under GA is approximately 10 times the cost of CM in the present practice. This study presented the outcomes for CM under topical anesthesia, in consecutive patients who presented with meatal stenosis secondary to circumcision.



This was a retrospective descriptive study of data, which were collected prospectively for quality improvement purposes from July 2013 to September 2015, of 55 consecutive boys who underwent CM for meatal stenosis (occlusion of urethral meatus by a crust; deflected stream). Meatotomy was performed after applying EMLA and covering it with a Tegaderm® dressing, and then waiting 20-60 min. The recorded outcomes were pain and success rate. Pain was defined at the beginning of data collection as any sound, grimace or movement during the procedure. Success rate was recorded during follow-up in the clinic or over the phone, when the family was asked if symptoms were the same, improved or completely resolved.



Forty-three boys (78%) had no pain and 12 (22%) had pain as defined above (Figure), but no CM had to be stopped due to pain. At a median follow-up of 1.6 months (IQR 1.3-2.7 months) 41 (75%) patients had resolution of their symptoms and a normal urinary stream, nine (16%) had improved symptoms, and three (5%) had unchanged symptoms.



More patients reported pain than those in the Cartwright study; this was perhaps because a full hour was not waited after EMLA application with most of the present patients. The present success rate was also lower than that reported by Cartwright, and for that there is no explanation. However, all CM could be completed and >90% of patients saw resolution or improvement of their symptoms. At a cost ten times lower than a meatotomy performed under GA, and with no evidence of inferiority evident in the literature, it is believed that CM should be the standard of care when meatal stenosis is treated by a meatotomy.

Field of study: Medicine
Asymptotically Effi cient Lattice-Based Digital Signatures

We give a direct construction of digital signatures based on the complexity of approximating the shortest vector in ideal (e.g., cyclic) lattices. The construction is provably secure based on the worst-case hardness of approximating the shortest vector in such lattices within a polynomial factor, and it is also asymptotically efficient: the time complexity of the signing and verification algorithms, as well as key and signature size is almost linear (up to poly-logarithmic factors) in the dimension n of the underlying lattice. Since no sub-exponential (in n) time algorithm is known to solve lattice problems in the worst case, even when restricted to cyclic lattices, our construction gives a digital signature scheme with an essentially optimal performance/security trade-off.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Uptake and output of various forms of choline by organs of the conscious chronically catheterized sheep.

The net uptake and output of plasma unesterified choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine and lipid choline by organs of the conscious chronically catheterized sheep were measured. There was significant production of plasma unesterified choline by the upper- and lower-body regions and the alimentary tract and uptake by the liver, lungs and kidneys. The upper- and lower-body regions drained by the venae cavae provided the bulk (about 82%) of the total body venous return of plasma unesterified choline. Production of plasma unesterified choline by the alimentary tract was approximately balanced by the plasma unesterified choline taken up by the liver, and was almost equal to the amount of choline secreted in the bile. There was a considerable amount of glycerophosphocholine in the liver and there was production of plasma glycerophosphocholine by the liver and uptake by the lungs and kidneys. Glycerophosphocholine was higher in the plasma of sheep than in that of rats. Plasma phosphocholine was produced by the alimentary tract and kidneys. There was production of plasma lipid choline by the upper- and lower-body regions drained by the venae cavae. The results suggest that the sheep synthesizes substantial amounts of choline in ectrahepatic tissues and has the capacity for extensive retention and recycling of bile choline. These observations, coupled with a slow turnover of the endogenous choline body pool, explain the low requirement of sheep for dietary choline in contrast with non-ruminant species.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Detection and parameter estimation of a transient signal using order statistics

Detection and parameter estimation of a transient signal in noise is a problem of many applications. It is characterized by the fact that some of the measurements consist of noise only. Modern statistical signal processing techniques are applied on a discrete version of the received data and are implemented by digital signal processing (DSP). In this correspondence, we show how order statistics (OS)-based signal processing, which is of a discrete nature, can be used for simultaneous detection and estimation of parameters (such as time of arrival and signal duration) of a sampled transient signal in white noise. We show that the resulting processors are more robust than the conventional processors, whereas their performance is about the same, at the cost of increased computational complexity.

Field of study: Engineering
Instability of monovalent ions of transitional metals in alkaline earth fluorides: CaF2 and SrF2 activated by Co2+ or Ni2+

The ground state of monovalent ions of transitional metals in alkaline-earth fluorides is localized in the conduction band. It is shown by the example of monovalent Co and Ni ions in CaF2 and SrF2 crystals that this is responsible for the unstable state of these ions in cubic environments. A stable state is achieved by the monovalent ions shifting to off-center positions.

Field of study: Physics
James Baldwin's Late Encounters with Africa

In his long, illustrious career, James Baldwin never wrote a full book on Africa. The figure of Africa, nonetheless, was a recurring one in his corpus—a figure that would change significantly over the course of his writing. While Baldwin's early representations of Africa follow the Western conceit of Africa as primitive, his 1960s and early '70s writings chart a new direction, showing the linked struggle between African independence and the civil rights and Black Power movements in the United States. Again, we see another figure of the continent emerging in Baldwin's late works: an Africa that exists on its own terms, beyond European mediation and beyond the purview of the white or black Western gaze.

Field of study: Art
Basal-flow conditions at the northeastern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Lancaster Sound

A major moraine system developed by outlet glaciers of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on coastal mountains of Bylot Island provides a basis for reconstructing paleoglacier surfaces and estimating basal shear stresses within the ice. The system, named Eclipse moraine, lies between elevations of 100 and 500 m asl and can be traced almost continuously over distances of 50–70 km. Where the glaciers flowed inland within valleys, the outline of the moraine on valley walls is used to portray the profile of the glacier along the valley median. If ideal plastic flow is assumed, ice thicknesses and surface slopes derived from the reconstructed profiles indicate yield stresses of about 125 ± 46 kPa. Reconstructed profiles of the main outlet glaciers entering Baffin Bay from Lancaster Sound and Pond Inlet indicate lesser yield stresses of about 55–80 kPa, respectively, within the channels; estimates are 35–60 kPa if isostatic depression is assumed. Calculations indicate mat basal shear stresses in the channels were near th...

Field of study: Environmental science
Chemical analysis of superconducting cross sections of HTS tapes and wires

For the determination of superconducting properties of HTS wires and tapes an exact analysis of the cross section of the silver sheath and the filaments is essential. The normal procedure for this analysis is to perform image analysis on optical microscopic or SEM images of the conductor cross section. These methods are very time consuming and reflect only a snapshot of the average cross section of the wires/tapes, because the detection is only local. To overcome these difficulties an easy method has been developed to determine cross section in a chemical way via titration. The obtained data reflect an average silver and filament cross section over variable conductor lengths. In addition the porosity of the filaments can easily be calculated.

Field of study: Physics
Sliding Mode Control of Lateral Semi-Active Suspension of High-Speed Train

A control algorithm for lateral semi-active suspension based on sliding mode observer is proposed to solve lateral vibration of high-speed trains caused by railway surface excitation. Firstly, the multi-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model of high-speed train is revised on the basis of variation in spring coefficient caused by long-time vibration in practical engineering; Secondly, the observer based on sliding mode variable structure is designed to obtain real-time estimation of unknown interference terms using the equivalent control principle of sliding mode variable structure, which can be further used to calculate the observed values of unknown interference terms; Finally, a control algorithm based on sliding mode observer is proposed. The algorithm inputs complex unknown interference observed values into the sliding mode controller (SMC) as feedback, thereby allowing the observed values to accurately track nonlinear unknown disturbance and weaken the vibration. Stimulation and experimental verification have proven the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

Field of study: Computer science
Statistics of adaptive nulling and use of the generalized eigenrelation (GER) for modeling inhomogeneities in adaptive processing

This paper examines the integrity of the generalized eigenrelation (GER), which is an approach to assessing performance in an adaptive processing context involving covariance estimation when the adaptive processors are subject to undernulled interference. The GER is a mathematical relation, which if satisfied, often facilitates closed-form analysis of adaptive processors employing estimated covariances subject to inhomogeneities. The goal of this paper is to determine what impact this constraint has on the integrity of the adaptive nulling process. In order to examine the impact of the GER constraint on adaptive nulling, we establish fundamental statistical convergence properties of an adaptive null for the sample covariance-based (SCB) minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. Novel exact expressions relating the mean and variance of an adaptive null of a homogeneously trained beamformer to the mean and variance of a nonhomogeneous trained beamformer are derived. In addition, it is shown that the Reed et al. (1974) result for required sample support can be highly inaccurate under nonhomogeneous conditions. Indeed, the required sample support can at times depend directly on the power of the undernulled interference.

Field of study: Engineering
Omega-3 fatty acids induce Ca2+ mobilization responses in human colon epithelial cell lines endogenously expressing FFA4

Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4; formerly known as GPR120) is the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. FFA4 has been found to express in the small intestines and colons of mice and humans. In this study we investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on FFA4 in human colon epithelial cells in vitro.HCT116 and HT-29 human colon epithelial cell lines endogenously expressing FFA4 were used. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured in fura 2-AM-loaded cells with fluorescence spectrophotometry. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect FFA4.Results:Ten to 100 μmol/L of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids α-linolenic acid (αLA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induced dose-dependent [Ca2+]i increase in HCT116 and HT-29 cells, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had no effect. In addition, the omega-6 fatty acids linoleic acid and γ-linoleic acid also dose-dependently increase [Ca2+]i, but the mono-unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid and saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid and palmitic acid had no effect. In HCT116 and HT-29 cells, the αLA-induced [Ca2+]i increase was partially inhibited by pretreatment with EGTA, phospholipase C inhibitor edelfosine, cADPR inhibitors 8-bro-cADPR or DAB, and abolished by pretreatment with Ca2+ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, but was not affected by Gi/o protein inhibitor PTX or IP3R inhibitor 2-APB.Conclusion:Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18-20) induce Ca2+ mobilization responses in human colonic epithelial cells in vitro through activation of FFA4 and PTX-insensitive Gi/o protein, followed by Ca2+ release from thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
FEM Numerical Simulation Technology of Metal Plasticity Forming Process

For the past many years,the plastic finite element method obtained the widespread application in the metal plasticity processing forming numerical simulation.The development of plastic finite element simulation technique was reviewed,the basic principle of metal plasticity processing forming numerical simulation was introduced,and the key technologies of the simulation in plastic forming process were elaborated.Finally,the several application examples in this domain were given,and the development trend of this domain was pointed out.

Field of study: Materials science
Current in normal and superconductors

In this paper the center of mass momentum operator is derived from its generating function. It is emphasized that this operator describes current in normal conductors. A state which is an eigenstate of this operator has a finite Drude weight and is also delocalized. An external potential is a necessary but not sufficient condition for insulation. Whether a model corresponds to an insulator or conductor depends on the ratio of the the external potential to the energy scale of the underlying interacting system. It is also shown that a normal conductor of finite size exhibits flux quantization, and it is only in the thermodynamic limit that the flux becomes continuous. The Hubbard model is analyzed, and it is demonstrated that it can not exhibit insulating behaviour. Both the large $U$ and small $U$ states are perfect conducting states, the difference is that the former does not exhibit flux quantization whereas the latter does.

Field of study: Physics
Perceived Locus of Control as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Development and Job Creation among Students in the Tertiary Institution

In light of the urgent need to train university graduates become more enterprising and self reliant, the paper took a study to explore the degree of students’ readiness and entrepreneurial development skills towards achieving this course. The study was carried out through a correlation survey method of research. The sample was 444 students in the faculty of education, University of Nigeria,  Data was collected and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The hypothesis was analyzed using t-test. Findings indicated that students possess an internal locus of control (LOC) and entrepreneurial development skills. The result also revealed that perceived LOC significantly predicted entrepreneurial development among students. Parents and teachers are called to train children to become independent, creative and take responsibility for their actions.  Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Development, Locus of Control, University of Nigeria,

Field of study: Education
Bemerkung zu der vorhergehenden Veröffentlichung von Salvador Velayos: „Der Einfluß elastischer Druckbelastung auf das SuszeptibilitÄtsmaximum von Nickel. Die Eigenspannungen“

ZusammenfassungIn übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen anderer Beobachter zeigt sich an den von Velayos untersuchten Proben für den Fall, da\ keine Äu\ere Spannung wirksam ist, ProportionalitÄt zwischen der Koerzitivkraft und dem Mittelwert der inneren Spannungen. Dieser Zusammenhang gilt auch dann noch, wenn die unterschiedlichen Werte der inneren Spannungen durch verschiedenartige mechanische und thermische Behandlung hervorgerufen wurden. Aus dieser einfachen Beziehung folgt, da\ auch die FeldstÄrke, für die das SuszeptibilitÄtsmaximum auftritt, proportional zu den inneren Spannungen sein mu\, was durch die Messungen von Velayos bestÄtigt wird. Dieser Zusammenhang ist physikalisch befriedigender als die von Velayos aufgestellte empirische Beziehung, die au\erhalb des speziell beobachteten Spannungsbereichs ihren Sinn verliert.

Field of study: Physics