nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies with one- and two-proton drip line nuclei

In recent experiments at GANIL, we studied nuclei at the one- and two-proton drip line. The production rates allowed to search for direct 2p emission in the drip line nuclei 42Cr, 45Fe, and 49Ni. No evidence for this decay mode was found in 42Cr and 49Ni, whereas the situation stays unclear for 45Fe due to the limited statistics. In the medium-mass region ( A = 50-70), the half-life was measured for all proton-rich nuclei in the range Tz = 0 to Tz = - 1 between Z = 27 and Z = 36. First half-lives were determined for 60Ga, 62Ge, 64As and 66Se. Finally, β-decay studies of the 0+ → 0+ decay of 62Ga have been performed at IGISOL in Jyväskylä. Non-analog transitions have been observed and are compared to theoretical predictions.

Field of study: Physics
Kritische Betrachtungen zum geologischen Zusammenhang zwischen den chilenischen Anden und der Westantarktis

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der Westantarktischen Geosynklinale läßt sich eher mit der der Anden-Geosynklinale vergleichen als mit der der Magallanes-Geosynklinale. Südast und Nordast des Südantillen-Bogens gehören verschiedenen Bereichen an. Analogien zum Westindischen Inselbogen werden aufgezeigt. West Antarctic geosyncline is more similar to the Andean geosyncline than to the Magallanes geosyncline. Northern and southern trace of the Scotia Arc form parts of distinct units. Analogies to the West Indian Island Arc are pointed out.RésuméLe géosynclinal de l'Antartide Occidentale est comparable avec le géosynclinal des Andes plutôt qu'avec celui de Magallanes. La branche Nord et la branche Sud de l'Arc de Scotia font partie de différentes unités. Des analogies avec l'Archipel des Indes Occidentales sont soulignées.ResumenEl geosinclinal Antártico se asemeja más al geosinclinal Andino que al geosinclinal Magallánico. El brazo meridional y el brazo septentrional del arco de las Antillas Australes, pertenecen a diferentes unidades geológicas. Se señalan algunas analogías con el arco de las Antillas de América Central.Краткое содержаниеСравниваются между с обой западноарктиче ская, андовая и магеллановая геосинклинали. Север ное и южное ответвлен ие южно-антильской дуги принадлежат к различ ным районам. Показано сходство ее с Вест-Индийским архипелагом.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Markov Chain Channel Model for Active Transport Molecular Communication

In molecular communication, small particles such as molecules are used to convey information. These particles are released by a transmitter into a fluidic environment, where they propagate freely (e.g. through diffusion) or through externals means (e.g. different types of active transport) until they arrive at the receiver. Although there are a number of different mathematical models for the diffusion-based molecular communication, active transport molecular communication (ATMC) lacks the necessary theoretical framework. Previous works had to rely almost entirely on full Monte Carlo simulations of these systems. However, full simulations can be time consuming because of the computational complexities involved. In this paper, a Markov channel model has been presented, which could be used to reduce the amount of simulations necessary for studying ATMC without sacrificing accuracy. Moreover, a mathematical formula for calculating the transition probabilities in the Markov chain model is derived to complete our analytical framework. Comparing our proposed models with full simulations, it is shown that these models can be used to calculate parameters such channel capacity accurately in a timely manner.

Field of study: Engineering
Techno-Economic Assessment of a Scaled-Up Meat Waste Biorefinery System: A Simulation Study

While exports from the meat industry in New Zealand constitute a valuable source of foreign exchange, the meat industry is also responsible for the generation of large masses of waste streams. These meat processing waste streams are largely biologically unstable and are capable of leading to unfavourable environmental outcomes if not properly managed. To enable the effective management of the meat processing waste streams, a value-recovery based strategy, for the complete valorisation of the meat processing waste biomass, is proposed. In the present study therefore, a biorefinery system that integrates the biomass conversion technologies of hydrolysis, esterification, anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction has been modelled, simulated and optimized for enhanced environmental performance and economic performance. It was determined that an initial positive correlation between the mass feed rate of the waste to the biorefinery system and its environmental performance exists. However, beyond an optimal total mass feed rate of the waste stream there is a deterioration of the environmental performance of the biorefinery system. It was also determined that economies of scale ensure that any improvement in the economic performance of the biorefinery system with increasing total mass feed rate of the waste stream, is sustained. The present study established that the optimized meat waste biorefinery system facilitated a reduction in the unit production costs of the value-added products of biodiesel, biochar and biocrude compared the literature-obtained unit production costs of the respective aforementioned products when generated from stand-alone systems. The unit production cost of biogas was however shown to be comparable to the literature-obtained unit production cost of biogas. Finally, the present study showed that the optimized meat processing waste biorefinery could achieve enhanced economic performance while simultaneously maintaining favourable environmental sustainability.

Field of study: Materials science
Pre-plant and pre-emergence herbicides for weed management in transplanted rice

The study on pre-plant and pre-emergence herbicide weed management in transplanted rice during Rabi 2011–12 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore revealed that pre-plant application of glyphosate 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded higher mean grain yield (5766 kg ha−1), lower weed density (3.2, 6.7 and 5.6 m−2 at 20, 40 and 60 DAT), dry weight (2.0, 3.7 and 4.1 g m−2 at 20, 40 and 60 DAT) and weed control efficiency (71, 5, 69.5 and 69.2% at 20, 40 and 60 DAT) compared to non application of glyphosate. The application of pre-plant glyphosate eliminated most existing vegetation and prevented weed establishment. In main field among the different treatments early post emergence (EPOE) application of Bensulfuron methyl+ pretilachloar (6.6 GR) at 0.06+0.60 kg/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (6450 kg ha−1), straw yield (8614 kg ha−1) through better weed control efficiency as indicated by lower weed density (4.3, 5.5 and 4.6 m−2 at 20, 40 and 60 DAT), reduced weed dry matter (2.2, 3.4 and 3.0 g m−2 at 20, 40 and 60 DAT) and higher weed control efficiency (80.6, 83.2 and 85.0% at 20, 40 and 60 DAT) followed by PE application of Pretilachlor at 0.75 a.i. Kg ha−1 + HW at 40 DAT other treatments. This is due to better control of pre emerged weeds and as well as emerging weeds as it has a high level of activity against broad leaved weeds and sedges. Pre-plant application of glyphosate 0.75 kg a.i ha−1 recorded highest net return (25, 188/ha) compared to non glyphosate application (/ha 22, 579). Among the different herbicides, EPOE Bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (6.6 GR) at 10 DAT registered higher gross returns (/ha. 59, 318 ha−1), net return (/ha. 33, 120 ha−1) and B: C ratio (2.19).

Field of study: Biology
Determination of stable zone and related factors in magnetically fluidized bed

Experimental research on the fluidized characteristics of four magnetic particles with different average diameters(from 213 μm to 512 μm) was carried out in this study.The effects of such factors as intensity of the magnetic field and diameter of the particles,on the stable zone in the magnetically fluidized bed were investigated and discussed.Based on the experiments,by using the dimensionless analysis method,an experimental correlation to calculate the stable zone with three dimensionless numbers,i.e. the ratio of magnetic potential to gravity potential E_r,Archimedes number Ar and Reynolds number Re,was proposed.In addition,the level of significance of the correlation was tested,and the results showed that the most significant factor to influence the stable fluidization zone was E_r,and Ar was the second,while Re was the least significant factor.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Social pressure, transparency, and voting in committees

We examine the consequences of vote transparency in committees whose members fear being blamed by interested observers for casting an unfavorable vote. We show that while individually undesirable, such social pressure can improve the collective decision by mitigating a voting externality. Hence, organizations may adopt public voting when the fear of blame is too little, and secret voting when the fear is too much. We also show that public voting is particularly desirable in committees with overly biased members or overly biased voting rules against the alternative. Anecdotal evidence supports our findings.

Field of study: Economics
Study on Laser Micro Welding of Nickel-plated Steel Sheet with 0.3 mm Thickness

The butt welding with 0.3 mm thick nickel-plated steel sheet was carried out using low power impulse laser and the microstructure and mechanical property of the welded joint were studied. The results show that the nickel layer on the nickel-plated steel sheet has larger effects on the laser reflection and the good weld seam cannot be gotten by direct welding. The polished away the nickel layer by sand paper before welding can improve the welding quality. The micro-laser welded joint of nickel-plated steel have fine grained region in HAZ, little martensite and fine grained ferrite and retained austenite in the welded seam. The tensile strength and hardness of the welded joint are higher than that of the base metal.

Field of study: Materials science
Relative versus absolute stimulus control in the temporal bisection task.

When subjects learn to associate two sample durations with two comparison keys, do they learn to associate the keys with the short and long samples (relational hypothesis), or with the specific sample durations (absolute hypothesis)? We exposed 16 pigeons to an ABA design in which phases A and B corresponded to tasks using samples of 1 s and 4 s, or 4 s and 16 s. Across phases, we varied the mapping between the samples and the keys. For group Relative, short and long samples were always associated with the same keys (e.g., Phase A: '1s→ Left, 4s→ Right'; Phase B: '4s→ Left, 16s→ Right'); for group Absolute, the 4-s sample was associated always with the same key (e.g., Phase A: '1s→ Left, 4s→ Right'; Phase B: '16s→ Left, 4s→ Right'). If temporal control is relational, group Relative should learn the new task faster than group Absolute, but if temporal control is absolute, the opposite should occur. We compared the results with the predictions of the Learning-to-Time (LeT) model, which accounts for temporal discrimination in terms of absolute stimulus control and stimulus generalization. The acquisition curves of the two groups were generally consistent with LeT and therefore more consistent with the absolute than the relative hypothesis.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Thousand words about alcohol use disorder in inflammatory bowel disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially those with severe disease and extraintestinal manifestations, are more frequently affected by anxiety and depressive disorders compared to the healthy population. This in turn may favour the expansion of alcohol use disorders but the role of alcohol consumption in the development of IBD and its impact on IBD course remains controversial. Importantly, ethanol is a significant factor contributing to liver failure and increased risk of various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a fatal extraintestinal manifestation of IBD leading to liver failure and promoting the development of cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. Indeed, alcohol abuse by patients with IBD and PSC may promote the progression of those complications but is difficult to diagnose. The underlying disease may cause similar abnormalities in laboratory and imaging tests to ethanol thus masking the problem, therefore gastroenterologists should pay special attention to the alcohol consumption of IBD patients.

Field of study: Medicine
A Discussion on the Agricultural Mainstay in Anhui

The rate of plant production gross va lue of the output is over 50percent of the total in Anhui agriculture,while the rate of grain is also nearly 50percent in plant pro duction.Therefore,we can learn that grain is playing a main stay part in the development and stab ility of agriculture in Anhui.To the whole country,grain su pply will not be able to be neglected i n the long run,espe-cially the high quality grain."The difficulty of selling grain"resulted from district structure and unbalance of high and low quality.As long as we deal with it according t o market demand,do something better to circulate,ch ange peasant ' s production in a small scale into large one,turn a small amount of circulation in to a big one,this mainstay,of grain i s stable.Anhui should not reduce so much area of planting grain.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
6Tree: Efficient dynamic discovery of active addresses in the IPv6 address space

Active IPv6 address data could support research and applications for the next generation of the Internet, but finding ways to gather such data through active scanning and deal with emerging large-scale alias is a challenge. In this paper, we propose 6Tree, which analyzes known active addresses as seeds to learn their distribution feature and offers suggested search directions for scanners. It comprehends IPv6 addresses as high-dimensional vectors and performs a divisive hierarchical clustering (DHC) on corresponding vectors of seeds to generate a data structure, named a space tree, that characterizes value variabilities in different dimensions. Moreover, it can dynamically adjust proper directions based on real-time scanning results and embed alias detection into the search for the first time. Compared with the state-of-the-art method 6Gen, 6Tree has a faster linear time complexity to finish million-scale data training at a minute level for supporting a timely application, as well as better robustness for maintaining address discovery performance in context variations, including uneven seed sampling and workload division. According to aliased prefixes collected from a nascent research, 6Tree discovered approximately 4.69 million dealiased active addresses based on 2.74 million seeds, including 1.67 million aliased addresses, by scanning 0.3 billion addresses in one experiment. Additionally, 99.5% of detected aliased addresses are in the gathered aliased prefixes, and some undiscovered aliased prefixes were also found. We design the visualization technique Iris to visualize the address distribution based on discovery results and offer a novel perspective on the IPv6 deployment.

Field of study: Computer science
Association of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin type 2 receptor gene polymorphisms with renal damage in posterior urethral valves

To examine the association with renal damage in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV) of two renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms: angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R A1332G),  In 120 patients with PUV, after stabilization, transurethral fulguration or a Blocksom vesicostomy was performed. Records were reviewed for age at diagnosis, biochemical renal function at diagnosis, results of urine cultures, voiding cystourethrograms, radiologic, sonographic and nuclear medicine scan findings, and follow-up data. ACE I/D genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction using allele specific primers.  The frequency of the ACE DD genotype was significantly higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (P = 0.02) and renal scarring (P = 0.05). These genotypes were also associated with a statistically higher incidence of vesicoureteral reflux, diurnal incontinence, proteinuria and hypertension. A significantly higher frequency of the AT2R GG genotype was found in PUV patients as compared to healthy unrelated control subjects (P = 0.001), and in PUV patients with scarring (P = 0.02).  The ACE DD and AT2R GG genotypes are associated with chronic kidney disease and scarring in PUV patients. The GG genotype incidence is higher among PUV patients compared to the control population, and further studies in this area may help understanding of the genetic basis of PUV.

Field of study: Medicine
Crystal structure of equine apolactoferrin at 303 K providing further evidence of closed conformations of N and C lobes.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein. In the iron-bound state, the two domains of each lobe are invariably closed over an Fe(3+) ion. On the other hand, the structures of iron-free forms of lactoferrins from various species show different domain orientations. In order to determine the effects of external conditions such as pH, temperature and the presence of other additive agents on the crystal packing and consequently the influence of crystal packing forces on the final conformations of the two lobes of apolactoferrin, the structure of equine apolactoferrin has been determined at 303 K. The equine apolactoferrin was crystallized at 303 K using a microdialysis setup in which the concentration of protein was kept at 70 mg ml(-1) in 0.025 M Tris-HCl pH 8.0 with a reservoir containing 19% ethanol in the same buffer. The structure has been determined by molecular replacement using equine diferric lactoferrin as a model and was refined to an R factor of 0.23. The value of the overall B factor in the present structure is 81.3 A(2). The overall structure of the protein is similar to its earlier structure based on crystals grown at 277 K as well as that of diferric equine lactoferrin. The N and C lobes have been found to be slightly differently oriented (4.9 and 7.1 degrees, respectively) compared with the structures of equine diferric lactoferrin and apolactoferrin analyzed at 277 K, but the domain orientations in the two structures are identical as they remain closed over the empty iron-binding cleft. Overall, the structures of equine diferric lactoferrin, equine apolactoferrin at 277 K and the present structure of equine apolactoferrin at 303 K display identical domain orientations, suggesting that variation in the temperature of crystal growth, data collection and the processes of iron binding and iron release do not influence the arrangements of domains in equine lactoferrin.

Field of study: Chemistry
The influence of boat moorings on anchoring and potential anchor damage to coral reefs

Recreational boating is increasingly popular and provides social and economic benefits, but can also have ecological impacts, including damage from anchoring on sensitive seabed habitats like coral reefs. Mooring buoys are commonly used to manage anchoring activity, and I tested whether they moderated anchoring on coral reefs in the British Virgin Islands. A spatial survey revealed that overall boat use (moored plus anchored) was 3.6 times higher at sites with moorings than those without. The density of boats anchored on coral reef was, however, reduced by roughly half at sites with moorings. A survey of two sites before and after moorings were installed confirmed that the addition of moorings increased the total number of boats at a site, but reduced the rate of anchoring on reef. At any given site, the rate of anchoring on reef increased as the total number of boats present increased, but the effect of crowding was diminished at sites with moorings. Moorings can thus be an effective management tool for mitigating anchor damage to sensitive habitats, and because boat densities continue to rise worldwide, these findings focus attention on discovering why moorings reduce the tendency of boats to anchor on reef as sites become more crowded.

Field of study: Environmental science
Predicting Attitude Extremity: The Interactive Effects of Schema Development and the Need to Evaluate and Their Mediation by Evaluative Integration

Research on attitude extremity suggests that schemas containing more information about a particular attitude domain are more likely to be associated with extreme attitudes toward objects in that domain when perceivers’ responses toward features of the domain are evaluatively integrated. The present study argues that a high need to evaluate may play an important role in determining when schema development will be associated with the integrated responses to different domain features necessary for extremity. Consistent with this argument, data from a nationally representative survey of political attitudes indicated that the need to evaluate was associated with increased extremity across two different indices of the latter; that it moderated the relationships between schema development (in the form of political expertise), on one hand, and increased extremity and integration, on the other; and that the moderating effects of the need to evaluate vis-à-vis extremity were mediated by integration.

Field of study: Psychology
Iniciação esportiva em ginástica rítmica: abordagens tradicional e o clima de motivação para a maestria

Este estudo investigou a influencia de programas de iniciacao em Ginastica Ritmica (GR), tradicional e orientado para a maestria, no desempenho de habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF) e habilidades especializadas da GR (HEGR). Participantes, 39 meninas (5 a 10 anos), foram avaliadas com TGMD-2 e com o protocolo de avaliacao para HEGR; e, organizados em dois grupos interventivos, Tradicional (GT) e Maestria (GM). Os programas de intervencoes foram conduzidos durante 3 meses/2 vezes por semana com enfoque nas HMF e habilidades especializadas do esporte. Resultados indicaram: (1) mudancas positivas e significativas nas HMF foram observadas no GM; (2) desempenhos semelhantes entre GM e GT nas HEGR no pos-intervencao; (3) correlacoes positivas entre as HMF e HEGR e entre a idade HEGR. O clima motivacional para a maestria foi eficiente em promover a proficiencia motora de criancas nas habilidades motoras fundamentais e especializadas do esporte.

Field of study: Education
DAMAGE DETECTION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS BASED ON NONLINEAR DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Two post-tensioning tests for bond prestressed concrete beams were used to carry out a static test and a two-stage fatigue test respectively. Under each damage level, the beams were excited by a hammer and their acceleration signals of free vibration were recorded. Then the signals were processed by the blind source separation algorithm and Hilbert transform to obtain frequency-amplitude curves, from which the change of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the beams with the damage level was analyzed. The strain of the prestressing strand and cracking of the beams under each damage level were utilized to investigate the relation between the change of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and the damage of the beams. The results prove that the nonlinear dynamic characteristics can be used to detect the damage of prestressed concrete beams.

Field of study: Engineering
El Brasil y su Cultura. By Alfonso Reyes, Alejandro Quijano, A. Bueno do Prado, Pablo Campos Ortiz, Renato de Mendonça. Prólogo de Ezequiel Padilla, Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de México. (México, D.F.: Editorial Porrua, S.A., 1943. Pp. 190.)


Field of study: History