nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Peer Group Influence, Parental Psychological Support and Students’ Academic Performance in Junior Secondary Schools in Jega Educational Zone, Kebbi State

The study investigated the relationship between peer group influence, parental psychological support and student’s academic performance in junior secondary schools in Jega educational zone, Kebbi state. The study used expost factor design. Cluster and simple random sampling were used to select the sample size. Four junior secondary schools with a total population of 504 and a sample size of 217 students were drawn and used for the study. The study made use of instruments adapted from Azua, (2016). The instrument is known as Peer support inventory and parental support inventory. The academic performance was obtained from the scores in English language and mathematics from the students’ end of term examinations. Two hypotheses were formulated for this study and tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between peer support and academic performance of junior secondary school students (r=0.731, p=0.004), also a significant relationship exist between parental psychological support and academic performance of junior secondary school students (r=0.743, p=0.002). It is recommended that parents should actively participate and offer psychological support to their children by way of interacting with their children about peer group influence and thus, repositioning them skillfully towards excellent academic performance.  Peer group influence, Parental psychological support, Educational zone and Academic performance.  10.7176/JEP/11-15-13 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Field of study: Education
Development of Rutherford-Type Cables for High Field Accelerator Magnets at Fermilab

Fermilab's cabling facility has been upgraded to a maximum capability of 42 strands. This facility is being used to study the effect of cabling on the performance of the various strands, and for the development and fabrication of cables in support of the ongoing magnet R&D programs. Rutherford cables of various geometries, packing factors, with and without a stainless steel core, were fabricated out of Cu alloys, NbTi, Nb3Al, and various Nb3Sn strands. The parameters of the upgraded cabling machine and results of cable R&D efforts at Fermilab are reported.

Field of study: Physics
Study on quality improvement of fastfrozen headless shrimps processing technology

This paper study on the frozen headless shrimps. The research on the microbe change of every working procedure, and it makes some conclusion by analyzing the pollution in every procedure. The result shows that the microbe pollution of shrimp meat and headless and putamina and in grading is very serious. A new method of putamina can decrease hazard and raise working efficiency in the operation of the process, safety and high quality of aquatic food will be produced.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Design for built-in FPGA reliability via fine-grained 2-D error correction codes

Radiation-induced multiple bit upsets (MBUs) degrade the reliability of scaled static random access memory (SRAM)-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Reducing the correction time for MBU and preventing the error accumulation are the challenges faced by error correction code (ECC) integrated FPGAs. In this paper, a novel built-in ECC using encode-and-compare of the data and parity bits is proposed to reduce the correction time and improve the reliability of FPGA. Implementation has been carried out in FPGA to confirm its effectiveness. The proposed method is 5 times faster than existing CRC based inbuilt error mitigation solution. This work opens a door for 2-D ECC to be universally used in FPGAs for safety-critical applications.

Field of study: Engineering
Interaction Level and Acquaintance as Mediators of Density Effects

147 subjects (college students), in mixed-sex groups of 6, spent 30 minutes in an experimental situation in which 2 factors hypothesized to affect perceived crowding and stress, room size and level of interpersonal interaction and interference, were orthogonally varied. Also varied were 2 subject factors, sex and previous acquaintance with other group members, resulting in a 24 design. The small room-high interaction condition did not lead to stress (measured both behaviorally and by verbal scales) as hypothesized, but rather to a view of the situation as amusing or comical. The large room-low interaction condition, conversely, was stressful, primarily because it was extremely boring. Previously acquainted subjects reacted with dissatisfaction to both the very low and very high interaction conditions, while unacquainted subjects did not generally respond differentially to condition. Perceptions of crowding were influenced both by density and by interaction level.

Field of study: Psychology
An analysis of satellite planar configurations around the MW and M31: singling out new high quality planes

We present a detailed characterization of planes of satellites in the Milky Way (MW) and M31 systems. To this end we introduce an extension to the '4-galaxy-normal density plot' method \citep{Pawlowski13}, by which plot over-densities signal the normal direction to predominant planes of satellites within a given sample. For a given over-density, the extension provides a \textit{collection} of planes, each including a different number of objects $N_{\rm sat}$. We apply this method to the position data of confirmed MW and M31 satellites and quantify the quality of planes through the outputs of a Tensor of Inertia plane-fitting technique. Plane quality is quantified in terms of population ($N_{\rm sat}$) and flattening (the short-to-long axis ratio $c/a$ or the rms thickness normal to the plane). Therefore, planes with the same population or flattening can be compared with each other allowing us to single-out best-quality planes. For the first time, we study the second-most predominant planar configuration of satellites in M31, singling out a plane with 18 satellite members that shows a quality comparable to the Great Plane of Andromeda (GPoA, with $N_{\rm sat}=19$) despite it being more affected by distance uncertainties. This structure is viewed nearly face-on from the MW and is approximately normal to the GPoA. Overall, we find planes of satellites around the MW and M31 with higher qualities than those previously reported with a given $N_{\rm sat}$. We also show that mass plays no role in determining a satellite's membership or not to the respective best-quality planes.

Field of study: Physics
Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli.

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus condition which, (1) given the momentary effectiveness of some particular type of reinforcement (2) increases the frequency of a particular type of response (3) because that stimulus condition has been correlated with an increase in the frequency with which that type of response has been followed by that type of reinforcement. Operations such as deprivation have two different effects on behavior. One is to increase the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcement, and the other is to evoke the behavior that has in the past been followed by that object or event. "Establishing operation" is suggested as a general term for operations having these two effects. A number of situations involve what is generally assumed to be a discriminative stimulus relation, but with the third defining characteristic of the discriminative stimulus absent. Here the stimulus change functions more like an establishing operation than a discriminative stimulus, and the new term, "establishing stimulus," is suggested. There are three other possible approaches to this terminological problem, but none are entirely satisfactory.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Impact of Job Design on Employee Performance, Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction: A Study of FMCG’s Sector in Pakistan

The present study intends to measure the effect of job design on employee performance while the mediation effectis job satisfaction, although the job design has several methods but we use JCM model (Oldman & Hackman,1976), which has five dimensions of Job Characteristics Model (skill variety, task identity, task significance, jobautonomy and feedback) on employee performance. We have conducted this survey because nearly all companiesworking in FMCG industry are multinational; they are following the same procedures and policies of their parentcompany with minute change accordingly Quantitative method of research was adopted and received 90%responses out of 150 sample size. Findings of the present research indicate a positive relationship between jobdesign and employee performance. While the mediating effect of Job satisfaction is also found having a positiveeffect on employee’s performance. Organizations always have quest of finding the unique ways in order toenhance the performance of the employees, this research would help to analyze that how an adequate job designwould help to increase the employee performance.

Field of study: Business
Die Natrium-D-Linien im Nachthimmelleuchten

ZusammenfassungDie bisherigen Meßergebnisse und Hypothesen über die während der Dämmerung und der Nacht gelbleuchtende Schicht werden diskutiert. Es ist zu erwarten, daß Messungen der Linienbreite der emittiertenD-Linien zu weiteren Aufschlüssen über die Anregungsprozesse und die Herkunft des in der gelbleuchtenden Schicht vorhandenen Natriums führen. Es wird eine Anordnung beschrieben, deren hohe Lichtstärke es gestattet, die Linienabsorption mit einer hohen zeitlichen Auflösung zu bestimmen.

Field of study: Physics
Contrasting strategies to cope with drought by invasive and endemic species of Lantana in Galapagos

This study compares how Lantana camara, an invasive species, and L. peduncularis, an autochthonous one, cope with drought in Galapagos. Soil surface temperature was the abiotic environmental parameter that best explained variations in photosynthetic stress. Higher soil surface temperatures were recorded in the lowlands and in rain-shadow areas, which were also the driest areas. L. peduncularis, with a shallow root system, behaved as a drought-tolerant species, showing lower relative growth rates, which decreased with leaf water content and higher photosynthetic stress levels in the lowlands and in a northwest rain-shadow area in comparison with higher and wetter locations. Its basal and maximal fluorescences decreased at lower altitudes, reflecting the recorded drops in chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, L. camara with a deep root system behaved as a drought-avoiding species, showing leaf and relative water contents higher than 55% and avoiding permanent damage to its photosynthetic apparatus even in the driest area where it showed very low chlorophyll content. Its relative growth rate decreased more in dry areas in comparison to wetter zones than did that of L. peduncularis, even though it had greater water content. Furthermore, L. camara showed higher water contents, growth rate, and lower photosynthetic stress levels than L. peduncularis in the arid lowlands. Thus, L. peduncularis maintained lower maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) than L. camara even at sunrise, due to higher basal fluorescence values with similar maximal fluorescence, which indicated permanent damage to PSII reaction centres. Our results help to explain the success and limitations of L. camara in the invasion of arid and sub-arid environments.

Field of study: Environmental science
Is Prevention a Realistic Goal for Schizophrenia?

Over the past 2 decades, increased efforts have focused on identifying those at genetic or clinical risk for psychosis and promoting interventions that may alter the onset or trajectory of schizophrenia. We review studies published between 2010–2013 that: (1) investigate at-risk states for psychosis in larger epidemiological studies; (2) identify causes of certain clinical presentations of the schizophrenia phenotype and (3) investigate focused and multidisciplinary approaches to treat early clinical symptoms. The article places these recent studies within the context of prior research and the concept of potential measures to prevent or ameliorate the onset of psychosis.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Conserving orthodox seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of seed collections

We reviewed the status of orthodox seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans over 45 years of worldwide conservation effort across various organisations. The data provides evidence-based results and future directions for the represented globally threatened flora that are of relevance to all plant conservation and seed banking organisations across the globe. The reviewed sample includes 523 collections and represents a wide geographic range, originating from 67 countries, from all nine bio-geographic continents. The majority of collections originated from temperate climates and from habitats with no dry seasons but experiencing warm summer periods. The taxonomic composition of the collections highlighted a substantial diversity, with 303 taxa (four extinct in the wild; 56 critically endangered; 105 endangered; and 138 vulnerable) represented by 297 species, 199 genera and 74 families. Almost four fifths of the collections were harvested from wild habitats. Whilst wild-origin collections can harbour useful genes not available in the cultivated gene pool, for threatened plants both collections and taxa are likely to suffer from low genetic diversity as a low number of individual plants, populations and/or potentially viable or usable seeds were sampled at the original harvest. Large numbers of empty and infested seeds in the original harvest have significantly affected the quality of collections in terms of availability of potentially viable or usable seeds in collections. As a result, just over one third of taxa and one fifth of collections consisted of ≥ 5000 potentially viable or usable seeds. Viable seeds exhibited a sound physiological status in terms of germinability and viability at the initial round of germination tests after storage, but on average, relative germination and viability achieved were below 85%. A decline in germinability during their variable time of storage was evident for 16% of the 78 collections analysed for longevity. According to a set of criteria, suitable germination protocols for propagation of plants from seeds were identified for 165 taxa. Given the apparent differences between wild species, especially those that are rare and threatened, and domesticated crops, the quality and physiological status of reviewed collections are reasonably sound. The characteristics we observed for collections, the challenges we identified for conserving them and the germination protocols we suggested for propagation of plants from seeds have the scope to be noted, integrated and used globally across various conservation activities and policies.

Field of study: Environmental science
Operant responding in the Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

An interesting facet of the analysis of behavior is the manner in which specific operants occur and stabilize in different species. This has been demonstrated in a wide variety of animals from fish to man (Cohen, 1969). While the dolphin has been the subject of a number of fairly exotic investigations, more basic behavioral studies have been neglected. The present study sought to determine the ease with which a dolphin could be trained to press an underwater paddle for fish reinforcers delivered automatically, and if this response could be reliably maintained on intermittent schedules of reinforcement. The subject, a female Tursiops truncatus weighing 105 kg, had been in captivity for approximately 1.5 yr and was estimated to be 4 to 5 yr old. Throughout the period of testing the subject was maintained on its normal ration of 6.9 kg of fish per day. Approximately 2.3 kg of Columbia River smelt (Osmerus sp.) was earned during the daily testing, and an additional 2.3 kg of smelt plus 2.3 kg of Spanish Inackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) was hand fed at the end of the day. The subject was 19 to 20 hr food deprived at the start of each test session. The subject was housed and tested in a 6 by 6 m floating pen enclosure (Steele, 1970), in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. A Davis Scientific Instruments Universal Feeder (Model #320) was mounted at one corner of the pen. During test sessions, a response paddle was mounted on one side of the pen 1.95 in from the feeder and subIllerged to a depth of 0.6 m. A push on the response paddle closed a microswitch that activated both the feeder and a reinforcer tone (700 Hz). The tone reiliained on for the 4 sec required for the feeder to deliver one fish. Responses and reinforcements were recorded on a Rustrac Instruments four-track Event Recorder (Model #309) housed in an adjacent instrument/observation van. The dolphin was trained to approach and press the paddle with the tip of its rostrum in a single training session by reinforcing successive approximations of the response. After shaping, the dolphin was exposed to three reinforcement schedules; continuous reinforcement (CRF) where every response was reinforced, a variable-ratio schedule (VR 6) where reinforcement occurred on the average of every sixth response, and a

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Self-enforcing collusion in large dynamic markets

The “folk theorem” in game theory implies that any outcome that is better for all players than some single period Nash outcome can be achieved through noncooperative equilibrium in repeated games with discounting. Whether the folk theorem holds for a repeated Cournot oligopoly as the number of firms, N , increases without bound, is investigated. It is shown that the folk theorem holds in the limit iff demand increases at the same rate as the number of firms and the Cournot price sequence is bounded strictly above by the supremum of marginal cost for large N .

Field of study: Economics
THIN-LAYER DRYING MODEL FOR RAPESEED

Thin-layer drying rates of rapeseed were experimentally determined at eight levels of drying air temperature, four in the conventional drying temperature range of 50-93° C and four in the elevated temperature range of up to 200° C. A mathematical model of the form of Page's equation was developed. The model predicted the moisture ratios well at the conventional as well as elevated drying temperatures

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Tight Differential Privacy for Discrete-Valued Mechanisms and for the Subsampled Gaussian Mechanism Using FFT

We propose a numerical accountant for evaluating the tight $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-privacy loss for algorithms with discrete one dimensional output. The method is based on the privacy loss distribution formalism and it uses the recently introduced Fast Fourier Transform based accounting technique. We carry out a complete error analysis of the method in terms of moment bounds of the privacy loss distribution which leads to rigorous lower and upper bounds for the true $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-values. As an application we give a novel approach to accurate privacy accounting of the subsampled Gaussian mechanism. This completes the previously proposed analysis by giving a strict lower and upper bounds for the $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-values. We also demonstrate the performance of the accountant on the binomial mechanism and show that our approach allows decreasing noise variance up to 75 percent at equal privacy compared to existing bounds in the literature. We also illustrate how to compute tight bounds for the exponential mechanism applied to counting queries.

Field of study: Computer science
Structural Investigation and Indium Substitution
in the Thermoelectric Mn2.7Cr0.3Si4Al2−xInx Series

Following the recent discovery of the promising Mn2.7Cr0.3Si4Al2 thermoelectric compound (having, e.g., automotive, industrial, and solar conversion applications), structural characterization by x-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis has been performed. This layered material is composed of two distinct crystallographic sites where both (Mn, Cr) and (Al, Si) are randomly distributed. The deduced crystallographic parameters were then confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction analysis through a temperature dependence of the phase stability, showing at the same time chemical stability up to 873 K. Taking into account the two distinct crystallographic sites highlighted, samples possessing two guest elements, one on each site, were then synthesized to improve the thermoelectric properties. A solid solution is found in the system Mn2.7Cr0.3Si4Al2−xInx with x varying from 0 to 0.2. Thus, double-substituted samples were studied by x-ray diffraction, electrical, and thermal measurements. The present paper describes and discusses the experimental results obtained.

Field of study: Materials science
Large amplitude motion with a stochastic mean-field approach

In the stochastic mean-field approach, an ensemble of initial conditions is considered to incorporate correlations beyond the mean-field. Then each starting point is propagated separately using the Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock equation of motion. This approach provides a rather simple tool to better describe fluctuations compared to the standard TDHF. Several illustrations are presented showing that this theory can be rather effective to treat the dynamics close to a quantum phase transition. Applications to fusion and transfer reactions demonstrate the great improvement in the description of mass dispersion.

Field of study: Physics
Relação entre a força dos músculos extensores e flexores de joelho e o desempenho de saltos em jogadores de voleibol: uma revisão

Os testes de salto vertical sao amplamente utilizados nos esportes para identificar parâmetros como a producao de potencia nos membros inferiores. Em adicao, a dinamometria isocinetica e frequentemente realizada para verificar pico de torque, deficit contralateral e razao convencional de torque entre os musculos quadriceps e isquiotibias podendo revelar a existencia de desequilibrios musculares. Estes parâmetros podem estar relacionados com o desempenho de saltos em jogadores de voleibol. Portanto, o objetivo da presente revisao de literatura foi reunir estudos que analisaram as correlacoes entre o desempenho de saltos vertical com a capacidade de geracao de forca em teste de dinamometria isocinetica de joelho em jogadores de voleibol, alem de estabelecer se os desequilibrios musculares da articulacao do joelho interferem no desempenho dos saltos.

Field of study: Education