nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical characterization of nanostructured zirconias

Redox stability of cubic nanostructured zirconia ceramics, free of any secondary phases, has been investigated experimentally as a function of grain size. Pure 8 mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 powders were synthesized by a spray pyrolysis process and then compacted by uniaxial pressing, followed by cold isostatic pressing. Using appropriate thermal treatments, average grain sizes ranging from 25 to 242 nm and relative densities from 71% up to 98% were obtained. An electrochemical characterization was performed with comparison on ceramics of 3.2 and 7.6 μm and 98% of theoretical density starting from commercial YSZ powder.

Field of study: Materials science
Research on Trust based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm for User's Multiple Interests

Collaborative filtering technique is one of the most effective information filtering techniques in E-commerce recommender systems to date.Recent researches try to incorporate trust model into recommendation process to improve the accuracy and resist shilling attack.However,because of user's multiple interests,items belonging to different topics need different trustworthy users to make recommendation.Traditional profile level trust model is not suitable.Based on this idea,this paper proposes a topic-level trust model and topic-level trust based Collaborative filtering algorithm.A series of experiments show that the algorithm achieves highly on the accuracy and robustness.

Field of study: Computer science
Isolation and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens collected at National Taiwan University Hospital, 1981-1990.

From 1981 to 1990, 10,167 clinical specimens were collected at National Taiwan University Hospital from the cases with suspected viral infections. Three hundred of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were isolated from these samples (isolation rate; 3.0%). One hundred and fifty-one strains were isolated from non-genital, and 149 strains from genital areas. HSV strains were typed by direct immunofluorescence staining technique. The type specific monoclonal antibodies were used in the test. Most of the HSV strains isolated from non-genital areas were type 1 (HSV-1) (147/151, 97.4%) whereas most of the strains from genital areas were type 2 (HSV-2) (140/149, 94.0%). All nine strains of HSV-1 isolated from genital areas were from female patients. The predominance of HSV-1 in non-genital area infections, and of HSV-2 in genital area infections, did not change during the ten years under review.

Field of study: Biology
Simulation and analysis of heat and mass transfer process in internally cooled dehumidifier

A new type of internally cooled dehumidifier based on the plate-fin heat exchanger(PFHE)was designed,the mathematical model of the dehumidification process was established.The temperature and absolute humidity of the air distribution within the dehumidifier was discussed.Effects of internally cooled on solution temperature and mass transfer driving potential was discussed.The results present that the internally cooled dehumidification could effectively inhibit desiccant temperature increasing in dehumidification process,but only have little effect on mass transfer driving potential.In the typical operation condition,the average temperature of solution in internally cooled dehumidifier is 4.83℃lower than that in adiabatic dehumidifier,and integral average moisture difference in internally cooled dehumidifier is 0.38 g·kg~(-1) higher than that in adiabatic dehumidifier.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Substrate specificity of native and mutated cytochrome P450 (CYP102A3) from Bacillus subtilis.

Within the Bacillus subtilis genome sequencing project, two monooxygenases (CYP102A2 and CYP102A3) were discovered which revealed a similarity of 76% to the well-known cytochrome P450 BM-3 (CYP102A1) of Bacillus megaterium. All enzymes are natural fusion proteins consisting of a heme domain and a reductase domain. We here report the cloning, expression and characterization of B. subtilis enzyme CYP102A3. The substrate specificity of this enzyme is similar to that of B. megaterium CYP102A1, which hydroxylates medium-chain fatty acids in subterminal positions. A double mutant was prepared that hydroxylates a number of other substrates, which do not bear any resemblance to the natural substrate of this enzyme family.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Research on 3G-based Mobile Self-rescue System for Medical Emergency

With the development of economy and society, people become more fluid, and in the meanwhile there is increasing demand for medical service in mobile environment. Especially when an outdoor accident or Paroxysmal disease happens, the earliest and most effective rescue is offered not by the medical staffs, but by people themselves. At that moment, if the first-aid instruction can be provided by medical experts in time, casualties are expected to be minimized. In combination with 3G communication network, streaming media technology, E-expert system as well as the knowledge about medical diagnostics and emergent treatment, this paper explored a mobile self-rescue system for medical emergency. This system can connect the doctors and patients who are physically separated, and thus help the patients realize self-rescue through the 3G-based mobile communications at anytime and anywhere.

Field of study: Computer science
SU‐E‐I‐132: Whole‐Brain DCE Quantitative Perfusion Imaging

To develop a whole‐brain acquisition protocol based on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR imaging that is able to provide absolute brain tissue perfusion estimates and to assess, evaluate and minimize the uncertainty in the estimates of contrast agent concentration.  Preliminary in vivo data was collected using a 3D spoiled‐gradient recalled echo (SPGR) sequence with TR/TE/flip angle (FA) = 2.5 ms/1.15 ms/15°. The spatial resolution was 1.7×1.7×4.0 mm3. A variable rate k‐space sampling scheme and view sharing resulted in a temporal resolution of 2.4 s. The perfusion estimates were calculated using indicator‐dilution theory. Based on preliminary data, simulations estimating the uncertainty and sensitivity to misestimated parameters in the concentration measures were performed. Tissue parameters and contrast agent relaxivities were obtained from literature. The SNR before contrast injection was extracted from the preliminary data.  Absolute perfusion maps were successfully generated for the whole brain in all three subjects. As predicted, the low signal enhancement in cerebral tissue, especially in white matter, resulted in noisy perfusion maps. The range of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps corresponded to the range of the values reported in literature. The mean transit times (MTT) however were overestimated. The simulations showed that a FA of 9° minimizes the concentration coefficient of variation in white matter. However, the sensitivity to misestimated parameters was reduced with increasing FA: a FA > 20° was beneficial. For realistic SNR levels, averaging 5 acquisitions of the signal before contrast agent arrival were sufficient. More baseline measurements did not significantly decrease the signal variance.  It is possible to acquire qualitatively acceptable whole‐brain bolus tracking data using a DCE sequence. In addition, the FA influences the uncertainty and sensitivity in concentration estimates when using a SPGR sequence. Grant support from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Canada Research Chairs Program and Hopewell Professorship in BrainImaging.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Survey of North American pathologist practices regarding antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplant biopsies.

The 2004 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus report specified an entity of histopathologic antibody-mediated rejection (hAMR) but did not define specific histologic criteria. Therefore, there is no gold standard for hAMR diagnosis.



In May 2009 we performed a survey of pathologists from cardiac transplant centers in the United States and Canada assessing practices regarding hAMR investigation.



Of 94 centers who responded to our survey (77% response rate), 90% reported investigating for hAMR, and 80% of those reported having a defined protocol. Of centers with a defined protocol, 23% investigated all biopsies for hAMR. Of those who investigated for hAMR selectively, the most common triggers were clinical suspicion (61%) or suggestive histologic findings (36%). Sixteen different stains were used for hAMR investigation, the most common being C4d by immunofluorescence (38%), immunohistochemistry (38%) or both (21%).



We found wide variation in pathologists' practices regarding hAMR diagnosis. A consensus document regarding hAMR is needed to better align our collective protocols, understand this disease process and to optimize patient care.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
A Comment on ``Superconducting-Normal Phase Transition in (Ba1-xKx)BiO3, x = 0.40, 0.47'' by B. F. Woodfield, D. A. Wright, R. A. Fisher, N. E. Phillips and H. Y. Tang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4622 (1999)

This comment addresses criticisms of our PRL 82 (1999) p. 4532-4535 (cond-mat/9904288) raised by Woodfield et al. in their recent PRL. We find that the critical fields in single crystals of Ba1-xKxBiO3 (x = 0.4) have anomalous temperature dependecies which suggests that the superconducting phase transition in this material is not of order II.

Field of study: Physics
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: High-power Ne-H2 laser pumped by a compact industrial accelerator

Emission of 585.3 nm pulses of 1.5 k W power (~ 15 kW/liter) was observed from a mixture of the Ne:H2 = 2:1 composition at p = 0.65 atm and a record-low input energy ( 30mJ). The excitation source was an electron beam from a MIRA-2D industrial x-ray unit.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Carbon isotope event markers through the Wenlock–Pridoli sequence at Ohesaare (Estonia) and Priekule (Latvia)

The Ohesaare borehole, in the northern part of the Silurian Baltic Gulf, penetrates shallow and deep shelf marlstones, limestones and dolostones. The Priekule borehole in the deep shelf belt of the basin was drilled through marlstones and graptolitic mudstones. Most of the successions (except the upper part) are characterized by a high Sr/Ca ratio, close to marine calcites, suggesting good preservation of carbonate material. Conodont alteration indices are low (1–2). Carbon isotopes were measured using whole-rock samples. In the Ohesaare core section two distinctive δ 13 C positive excursions were established — one in the early Wenlock riccartonensis and low rigidus-ellesae standard graptolite zones (+4.2‰) and the second in the late Wenlock nassa Zone (+4.6‰). Before and after the latter there are also intervals with low δ 13 C values, the first just above the lundgreni Zone (−1.8‰) and another in the ludensis (perhaps reaching into nilssoni ) Zone (−3.8‰). In the Priekule section the early Wenlock δ 13 C peak is well represented (+3.1‰), but in the late Wenlock–early Ludlow δ 13 C values show little variation (from 2.0 to −1‰). In this section a high peak of δ 13 C values (+5.9‰) was determined in the Nova Beds (correlated with the topmost Gorstian and lowermost Ludfordian, Ludlow). The carbon isotope positive excursions show good correlation with lows of the global sea level curve and with most of the biotic and supposed climatic events (glaciation, ocean state).

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Niklaus Manuel: Catalogue raisonné. Michael Egli and Hans Christoph von Tavel. With Petra Barton Sigrist. 2 vols. Œuvrekataloge Schweizer Künstler und Künstlerinnen 29. Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2017. 934 pp. €640.

published by Theodoor Galle’s son, Johannes, probably in the early 1640s. Like his father and grandfather, he identified Cornelis Cort as the inventor. Into a number of these images that had been bereft of narrative, Johannes Galle inserted active figures that he lifted from Jacques Callot’s magisterial 1620 etching of the Fair at Impruneta. Tellingly, he also appropriated figures in violent conflict from Callot’s large Miseries of War series of 1633, which provide a forceful contrast to the sheets depicting bucolic images of the ideal countryside of yesteryear. The reader learns a lot from Onuf’s text. But one has to wonder if Barthes’s “Death of the Author” is an appropriate model for the early modern period. As the publishers keep signaling, the inventor plays a significant role in this era. Agency matters, in ways it didn’t seem to for artists a century earlier. The choices the draftsman made, coupled with the decisions the publisher effected, give us some vision of a (multiple) personality tethered to the countryside during the Eighty Years War. These are individuals we would like to get to know better, with or without a name.

Field of study: History
Ozone facilitated degradation of caffeine using Ce-TiO2 catalyst

The ozone initiated oxidation of 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine), commonly found in wastewaters as model compound is reported using cerium (Ce)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) as catalyst. The effect of pH and loading of ceria on titania were investigated. Effect of reaction conditions on degradation of caffeine based on their pseudo first-order rate constants were compared. The combination of catalyst Ce-TiO2 and ozone aeration significantly enhanced the degradation of caffeine compared to uncatalysed ozonation. The oxidation of caffeine ensued via the free radical mechanism, through enhanced ozone decomposition into OH radicals. Ce/TiO2(0.5 wt%) showed good activity in degradation of caffeine at pH 6, in both natural stream and river water samples showing about 60% total organic carbon removal in 2 h ozonation period. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, degradation products were analysed. A reaction intermediate and one final product were positively identified. Nano-catalysts with different loadings of Ce on TiO2 synthesized by sol-gel route were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, BET and powder X-ray diffraction spectrum techniques. The results showed that the material retained a highly ordered mesoporous structure and possessed large surface area.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Mechanisms of ionic conduction in glassy solid electrolytes

We discuss the microscopic origin of the anomalous specific heat and of the low-frequency (10 2 –10 6 Hz) ionic conductivity in glassy (and normal) solid electrolytes. The relation between the conductivity and the configurational excitations that give rise to specific-heat anomalies at low temperature is analyzed. We also point out to which extent the present conclusions can be extended to disordered systems in general.

Field of study: Materials science
A giant vampire (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Late Holocene from the Argentinean pampas: paleoenvironmental significance

The first fossil desmodontine record and the only well documented chiropteran fossil record from Argentina is described. A complete left upper canine was collected at Centinela del Mar (38°21′S58°W, General Alvarado County, Buenos Aires Province) from fossil-bearing sediments referred to the Late Holocene. The tooth size is 25% larger than that of the modern vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. We assign this tooth to Desmodus cf. D. draculae, an extinct species recorded in the Pleistocene–Holocene of South America (Brazil and Venezuela). The southernmost distribution of present-day Desmodus extends to northeast Buenos Aires province (35°S). The presence of Desmodus some 600 km south of this present-day limit (July minimal isotherm of 10°C) indicates that around 300 years BP the southeastern Buenos Aires province was at least 2°C higher than modern July isotherm. The Desmodus tooth is associated with sigmodontine rodents characteristic of subtropical and temperate-warm areas (e. g., Pseudoryzomys simplex, Bibimys cf. B. torresi), and provides additional evidence to support this hypothesis. A correlation with a global warming phase is discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
School Cultivation,Post Internship and the Students' Employability Growth in Higher Vocational Education

Based on the 2012national survey of higher vocational education carried out by Institution of Economy of Education,Peking University,it analyzed the effects of school cultivation and post internship on the students' employability of higher vocational education.It found that the employability of senior students were higher than that of junior students;the employability growth of the non-graduating students had too much to do with school cultivation;and,the increase of graduates' employability could be attributed to post internship off-campus.

Field of study: Education
Contextual constraints in the choice of synonymous codons.

From EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database, protein coding sequences of all E. coli and its DNA phages, were extracted using our computer programme. Same programme has been used to form a database of sequence of oligonucleotides of length 18 nucleotides on both sides of each of the 61 codons. From analysis of this database and study of variations in twist parameter (Tw) values, as an indicator of sequence dependent variations in B-DNA helix, a method is developed to fix the codon among the set of synonymous codons. The accuracy of the method was checked on enlarged data set by adding data from more prokaryotes. Our method assign the codon 85-90% times correctly if the selection has to be made between codons having different sequence in terms of R and Y. The accuracy of the method is somewhat lower when choice of the codon has to be made between codons having same codes in terms of R and Y. This study points out that the major factors which decide the choice of a codon from a set of synonymous codons are contextual constraints arising from flanking regions.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Depositional regimes in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea: the last two glacial to interglacial transitions

Various models of surface and deep-water circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (NGS) have been proposed for the last two glacial to interglacial transitions. Although much progress has been made in understanding the sedimentary response to climatic and oceanographic changes, conflicting interpretations have been developed. To clarify some of these discrepancies and to test or modify the existing circulation concepts, a multiparameter approach is applied, combining sedimentological, micropaleontological, organic-geochemical and isotopic methods. On the basis of indicative properties a combined litho- and organofacies concept is developed and calibrated with modern depositional settings beneath different surface water masses. Sedimentary regimes are then derived for glacial and deglacial settings.Atlantic water intrusions in the NGS reveal complex and highly dynamic patterns for the last two glacial and interglacial periods, with repetitive inflows during Isotope Stage 6 and a high variability in Isotope Stage 5. Specific facies patterns show maximum extensions of Atlantic Water intrusions during the climatic highstands 5.5.1, 5.3 and 5.1 and narrowest intrusions in the cool phases 5.4 and most pronounced in 5.2. In contrast, different glacio-marine depositional regimes depict variable sea ice coverage and supply of ice-rafted debris. Most conspicuous are short-term depositional events marked by diamictons, which are related to the high instabilities of continental ice sheets. Some of the diamictons seem to occur contemporaneously with Heinrich layers H1 and H2. The probable temporal and obvious phenomenological concidence of Heinrich layers and NGS diamictons suggests a common trigger mechanism which caused an almost simultaneous disintegration of huge continental ice masses along the shelves of North America and the eastern margin of the NGS.A previous estuarine circulation model claims regional upwelling along the eastern margin of the NGS for specific periods of the last deglaciation. The organic character of sediments covering the same time intervals show a clear predominance of reworked fossil organic matter and thus does not support the estuarine model.

Field of study: Environmental science
Observation of a proton halo in8B

The longitudinal momentum distribution of7Be was measured after the break-up reaction of8B in C, Al, and Pb targets at 1471 A·MeV. We observed a narrow distribution with a FWHM of (81±6) MeV/c in all targets. The experimental results indicate an extended spatial distribution of the loosely bound proton in8B, and agree with QRPA calculations.

Field of study: Physics
The Cancer Genome Atlas expression profiles of low-grade gliomas.

Differentiating between low-grade gliomas (LGGs) of astrocytic and oligodendroglial origin remains a major challenge in neurooncology. Here the authors analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profiles of LGGs with the goal of identifying distinct molecular characteristics that would afford accurate and reliable discrimination of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. They found that 1) oligodendrogliomas are more likely to exhibit the glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), relative to low-grade astrocytomas; 2) relative to oligodendrogliomas, low-grade astrocytomas exhibit a higher expression of genes related to mitosis, replication, and inflammation; and 3) low-grade astrocytic tumors harbor microRNA profiles similar to those previously described for glioblastoma tumors. Orthogonal intersection of these molecular characteristics with existing molecular markers, such as IDH1 mutation, TP53 mutation, and 1p19q status, should facilitate accurate and reliable pathological diagnosis of LGGs.

Field of study: Medicine
Set9, NF-κB, and microRNA-21 mediate berberine-induced apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells

To investigate the mechanisms by which berberine suppressed the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells.Human U266 multiple myeloma cell line was tested. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, ultramicrostructure and secretion function were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry (FCM), electron and fluorescence microscopy, as well as ELISA assay. The microRNAs (miRs) and transcription factors in U266 cells were detected using arrays and verified by qRT-PCR. EMSA and luciferase assays were used to verify the p65-dependent transactivation of miR-21 gene.Treatment of U266 cells with berberine (40−160 μmol/L) suppressed cell proliferation and IL-6 secretion in dose- and time-dependent manners. Meanwhile, berberine dose-dependently induced ROS generation, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in U266 cells, and decreased the levels of miR-21 and Bcl-2. Overexpression of miR-21 counteracted berberine-induced suppression of cell proliferation and IL-6 secretion. In U266 cells treated with berberine (80 μmol/L), the activity of NF-κB was decreased by approximately 50%, followed by significant reduction of miR-21 level. berberine (80−160 μmol/L) increased the level of Set9 (lysine methyltransferase) by more than 2-fold, caused methylation of the RelA subunit, which inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and miR-21 transcription. In U266 cells treated with berberine (80 μmol/L), knockdown of Set9 with siRNAs significantly increased NF-κB protein level accompanying with a partial recovery of proliferation.In U266 cells, berberine suppresses NF-κB nuclear translocation via Set9-mediated lysine methylation, leads to decrease in the levels miR21 and Bcl-2, which induces ROS generation and apoptosis.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine