nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Anxiety-depressive disorders and cognitive impairment in patients of the primary level of health care].

An objective of the study was to compare cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders in patients of the primary level of health care. Authors studied 103 patients, mean age 51.2±15.9 years, of a psychotherapeutic setting in a polyclinic. Patients were stratified into three groups: patients with anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD), with mild organic mental disorders (MOMD) and with the combination of ADD and MOMD. Patients were assessed using a form for assessment of anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychometric scales HADS, MMSE, FAB, ACE-R. High positive correlations between the total score on the subscale "depression" of the HADS and some ACE-R items (total score, orientation/attention, verbal fluency) and total score on the FAB were identified in patients with ADD and MOMD compared to other groups. In patients with ADD, the correlations between some measures of cognitive style and language disturbances measured with the ACE-R were found. The results indicate that it is necessary to evaluate cognitive impairment (deficit symptoms and distortions in cognitive styles) in patients with anxiety-depressive disorders at the primary level of health care and to take it in account in choosing treatment options and predicting outcome.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Discussion: Basin infill architecture and evolution from magnetostratigraphic cross-basin correlations in the southeastern Pyrenean foreland basin

The chronostratigraphy of the middle Eocene–upper Eocene successions of the southeastern Pyrenean foreland basin has been revised by [Taberner et al. (1999)][1]. This contribution was based on the correlation of the magnetic polarity stratigraphy (MPS) for several partial stratigraphic sections

Field of study: Geology
Bias dependence of TID induced single transistor latch for 0.13 μm partially depleted SOI input/output NMOSFETs

In this work, single transistor latch effects induced by total dose irradiation for 0.13 μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (NMOSFETs) were investigated. The front gate transfer characteristics under different bias configurations with forward and reverse gate voltage sweep are characterized to evaluate the latch phenomenon. The results indicate that transmission–gate (TG) bias is the worst case bias for total dose induced latch, and the onset drain voltage required for latchup degrades as the irradiation level increased. Experiments and 2D simulations are performed to analyze the positive trapped charge in the buried oxide (BOX) and its impact on the latch effect. It is demonstrated that the irradiation can enhance the impact ionization and thereby make the device more sensitive to latchup, especially at negative gate voltage. Moreover, the radiation induced coupling effect between the front gate and back gate can make the PDSOI devices in our experiments behave like the fully depleted (FD) ones.

Field of study: Engineering
Flagellin stimulation suppresses IL-7 secretion of intestinal epithelial cells.

IL-7 is a cytokine, which regulates development, maintenance and proliferation of T lymphocytes within the human immune system. Production of IL-7 is observed in a sterile environment such as thymus or bone marrow. However, it is also known that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) residing in close contact with numerous bacterial stimuli also produce IL-7. Here we show that secretion of IL-7 by IECs is significantly suppressed upon stimulation by various bacterial components, including flagellin. Analysis of the intracellular mechanism by which flagellin regulates IL-7 production revealed that flagellin down-regulates expression of the two major transcripts encoding IL-7. Surprisingly, such function of flagellin was independent from the known transcriptional regulation of the IL-7 gene, as no significant change was observed in the transcriptional activity regulated by the previously identified promoter region. As the stability of IL-7 mRNA also remained unchanged upon flagellin stimulation, results suggested the possible involvement of a yet unknown transcriptional regulation of the IL-7 gene. These results describe a novel regulation of IL-7 production by bacterial stimuli, presumably mediated via Toll-like receptors. The present system might contribute to regulate the local lymphocyte pool, in response to the gut luminal or sub-mucosal bacterial abundance.

Field of study: Medicine
Ontogeny of trace eyeblink conditioning to shock-shock pairings in the rat pup.

Rats are responsive to shock from an early age, but eyeblink conditioning to a tone-conditioned stimulus (conditional stimulus; CS) paired with a shock-unconditioned stimulus (US) does not emerge until postnatal Day 20 (P20). More generalized postural responses such as conditioned freezing can occur at P16. Using the same periorbital shock as both the CS and US in a US-US conditioning paradigm previously shown to be effective in adult animals, we found that shock-shock pairings with a 200-ms trace interval resulted in eyeblink conditioning in younger animals than previously thought. Some rat pups showed conditioned eyeblink responses as early as P12, and by P18, conditioned responses were fully developed in all animals. Unpaired control subjects confirmed that responding in paired subjects was associative. Although many stimuli can act as a CS in adults, the advantage of using US-US pairings is that responses to the first US ensure young rat pups are capable of detecting the stimulus-something that may not be true when auditory or visual stimuli are used early in the development of altricial animals. The US-US pairing paradigm could be used to study the ontogeny and neural substrates of learning and memory before other sensory systems mature, and evaluate learning and memory in animal models of early developmental disorders.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Biodiversity Clearing-House Mechanism in China: present status and future needs

China is one of the 'megadiversity' countries of the world, and is therefore rich in biodiversity information. The decision making on biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization demands sufficient, accurate, data and information which covers living things as well as natural background and human activities. It is estimated that 152 biodiversity databases have been developed in China, mainly distributed in the thematic information categories of forestry, nature reserve, forest ecosystem, animal, plant, crop germplasm resource, traditional Chinese medicine, water resource, geology/geography, and climate/meteorology, etc. The status quo of biodiversity information system was also reviewed and main information networks related to biodiversity were presented. There are problems in the CHM construction in China, such as insufficient funding, unreasonable organizational mechanism, and low-level information sharing. Future needs for the CHM construction were discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Selectivity Estimation on Synopses Based on Chebyshev Polynomials

Suppose we are given N values of an attribute in a relation. B (BN) numerical values are used to approximate frequency distributions of attribute. To date, two major high-accuracy synopses construction techniques have been proposed in the database literature, namely histograms and Haar wavelets. Still, these approximation techniques have not been previously compared to Chebyshev polynomials. In this paper, we conduct such a comparison the accuracy achieved with synopses based on Chebyshev polynomials to that of other techniques, when estimating frequency distributions. We demonstrate that Chebyshev synopses have three main strong points in comparision to other methods: they achieve higher accuracy as measured by the L1, L2 and L∞ error metrics; they can be built in only O(NB) time complexity; and Chebyshev synopses can be dynamically maintained. Experimental results on synthetic and real-life data clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Field of study: Computer science
Comparative hydrodynamics of bacterial polymorphism.

Most bacteria swim through fluids by rotating helical flagella which can take one of 12 distinct polymorphic shapes, the most common of which is the normal form used during forward swimming runs. To shed light on the prevalence of the normal form in locomotion, we gather all available experimental measurements of the various polymorphic forms and compute their intrinsic hydrodynamic efficiencies. The normal helical form is found to be the most efficient of the 12 polymorphic forms by a significant margin--a conclusion valid for both the peritrichous and polar flagellar families, and robust to a change in the effective flagellum diameter or length. Hence, although energetic costs of locomotion are small for bacteria, fluid mechanical forces may have played a significant role in the evolution of the flagellum.

Field of study: Physics
Reaction mechanisms of pair transfer

The mechanisms of nuclear transfer reactions are described for the transfer of two nucleons from one nucleus to another. Two-nucleon overlap functions are defined in various coordinate systems, and their transformation coefficients given between coordinate systems. Post and prior couplings are defined for sequential transfer mechanisms, and it is demonstrated that the combination of ‘prior-post’ couplings avoids nonorthogonality terms, but does not avoid couplings that do not have good zero-range approximations. The simultaneous and sequential mechanisms are demonstrated for the 124 Sn(p,t) 122 Sn reaction at 25 MeV using shell-model overlap functions. The interference between the various simultaneous and sequential amplitudes is shown.

Field of study: Physics
Tectonic significance of deformation patterns in granitoid rocks of the Menderes nappes, Anatolide belt, southwest Turkey

Deformation fabrics in Proterozoic/Cambrian granitic rocks of the Çine nappe, and mid-Triassic granites of the Bozdag nappe constrain aspects of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Menderes nappes of southwest Turkey. Based on intrusive contacts and structural criteria, the Proterozoic/Cambrian granitic rocks of the Çine nappe are subdivided into older orthogneisses and younger metagranites. The deformation history of the granitic rocks documents two major deformation events. An early, pre-Alpine deformation event (DPA) during amphibolite-facies metamorphism affected only the orthogneisses and produced predominantly top-to-NE shear-sense indicators associated with a NE-trending stretching lineation. The younger metagranites are deformed both by isolated shear zones, and by a major shear zone along the southern boundary of the Çine submassif. We refer to this Alpine deformation event as DA3. DA3 shear zones are associated with a N-trending stretching lineation, which formed during greenschist-facies metamorphism. Kinematic indicators associated with this stretching lineation reveal a top-to-south sense of shear. The greenschist-facies shear zones cut the amphibolite-facies structures in the orthogneisses. 207Pb/206Pb dating of magmatic zircons from a metagranite, which crosscuts orthogneiss containing amphibolite-facies top-to-NE shear-sense indicators, shows that DPA occurred before 547.2±1.0 Ma. Such an age is corroborated by the observation that mid-Triassic granites of the Çine and Bozdag nappes lack DPA structures. The younger, top-to-south fabrics formed most likely as a result of top-to-south Alpine nappe stacking during the collision of the Sakarya continent with Anatolia in the Eocene.

Field of study: Environmental science
Boundary-initiated wave phenomena in thermoelastic materials

The linear theory of Gurtin and Pipkin, and Chen and Gurtin is adopted to study one-dimensional progressive waves generated by thermal and mechanical disturbances applied at the boundary of a circular hole in an unbounded homogeneous thermoelastic medium. A ray-series approach is employed to generate asymptotic wavefront expansions for the field variables. The characteristics of the propagation process are obtained simply and directly. The solution is then specialized to the case where this theory reduces to the linearized theory of Lord and Shulman, and numerical results for various values of material parameters obtained from the ray-series solution in conjunction with the use of Pade approximants are displayed graphically.

Field of study: Mathematics
Neutron scattering in the biological sciences: progress and prospects.

The scattering of neutrons can be used to provide information on the structure and dynamics of biological systems on multiple length and time scales. Pursuant to a National Science Foundation-funded workshop in February 2018, recent developments in this field are reviewed here, as well as future prospects that can be expected given recent advances in sources, instrumentation and computational power and methods. Crystallography, solution scattering, dynamics, membranes, labeling and imaging are examined. For the extraction of maximum information, the incorporation of judicious specific deuterium labeling, the integration of several types of experiment, and interpretation using high-performance computer simulation models are often found to be particularly powerful.

Field of study: Chemistry
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF STEEL PLATE-CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAMS

Based on the experimental study of eight Steel Plate-Concrete Composite(SPCC) beams,the numerical studies on the entire process of the loading and other structural behaviour in the flexural failure and steel plate bonding failure of SPCC beams are conducted in the platform of ABAQUS. The nonlinear behavior of materials,load-slip behavior and fracture model of studs are taken into account in the analysis. The results of the finite element analysis are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The main parameters affecting the behavior of SPCC beams are analyzed,including the thickness and the length of steel plate and the space between studs,etc. The result shows that the ultimate shear strength of studs should be reduced in design in order to make sure SPCC beams fail in flexural failure mode.

Field of study: Engineering
Rating Delinquent Behavior

This study questions the utility of classifying all juvenile offenders under the single rubric of “delinquent.” It presents two systems for classifying offenders according to the delinquent act. The first is a rating scale for severity. Correlations among the ratings of 13 judges ranged from .56 to 93, with a mean of .77. 10 judges rated direction of aggression—against people, against property, general asocial. The percentages of items on which each judge agreed with each of the other judges ranged from 70 to 97. 34 offenses were rated, and a 9- and a 5-point scale of severity are presented.

Field of study: Psychology
Implementation of macrocycle conjugated antibodies for tumour-targetting

Monoclonal antibodies may be selectively functionalised with macrocyclic ligands, permitting the transport of an imaging or c totoxic metal radionuclide specifically to a tumour. Antibodies conju ated to p13) and (14)-membered tetraazamacrocycles allow 64Cu or 67Cu labefled antibody to be used for imaging or therapy.

Field of study: Chemistry
Simulative performance comparison of network selection algorithms in the framework of the 802.21 standard

The diffusion of mobile devices, equipped by many different network interfaces, offers great benefits to mobile communications, in particular in the field of the so called Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). At the same time, the development of the IEEE 802.21 standard, that facilitates the interoperability between different access networks, assures further performance improvements. In this scenario, the network selection, that consists in determining the best Radio Access Network (RAN) among a set of available heterogeneous links, plays a fundamental role. The main contribution of this paper is a performance comparison among different network selection algorithms, within the framework proposed by the 802.21 standard. This performance comparison is obtained through a simulator developed by using Network Simulator 2 (ns-2).

Field of study: Computer science
In-situ frequency tuning of photons stored in a high Q microwave cavity

Photons are fundamental excitations of the electromagnetic field and can be captured in cavities. For a given cavity with a certain size, the fundamental mode has a fixed frequency f which gives the photons a specific "colour". The cavity also has a typical lifetime tau, which results in a finite linewidth delta f}. If the size of the cavity is changed fast compared to tau, and so that the frequency change Delta f >> delta f, then it is possible to change the "colour" of the captured photons. Here we demonstrate superconducting microwave cavities, with tunable effective lengths. The tuning is obtained by varying a Josephson inductance at one end of the cavity. We show tuning by several hundred linewidths in a time Delta t << tau. Working in the few photon limit, we show that photons stored in the cavity at one frequency will leak out from the cavity with the new frequency after the detuning. The characteristics of the measured devices make them suitable for dynamic coupling of qubits.

Field of study: Physics
IPBES-6: the best plenary yet?

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) held its 6th plenary session in Medellin (Colombia) during March 2018. Several assessments were due for acceptance by the plenary. We here give news from the plenary and the platform, sketch out important key messages from the regional assessments as well as of the global thematic assessment on land degradation and restoration. We further give an outlook on the work ahead and potential for contributions from the scientific community to the important work of IPBES.

Field of study: Environmental science
Comparison of Approaches to ent-Morphine via Radical, Cationic, and Heck-Type Cyclizations

3-(2-{6S-(2-Bromo-6-methoxyphenoxy)-5S-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}ethyl)oxazol-2(3H)-one 14 was subjected to Heck cyclization conditions to afford diben- zofuran derivative 16. The comparison of stepwise vs cascade approaches to 8 via radical, cationic, and Heck-type cyclizations is discussed.

Field of study: Chemistry
Structural characterization of the products of hydroxyl-radical damage to leucine and their detection on proteins.

We have previously reported the formation of valine hydroperoxides and aldehydes from hydroxyl-radical attack on free valine and protein molecules. We have also demonstrated that the major degradation products of valine hydroperoxides by several biochemical and cellular systems are the corresponding hydroxides, and therefore proposed that hydroxyvalines may serve as useful in vivo markers for studying protein oxidation. Here we have undertaken the structural elucidation of the oxidation products of leucine, another amino acid which is very susceptible to peroxidation. Hydroxyl-radical (HO.) attack on l-leucine in the presence of oxygen, followed by NaBH4 reduction, gave rise to five major oxidation products which have been isolated and identified. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the five products have been identified as (2S)-gamma-hydroxyleucine, (2S,4S)-delta-hydroxyleucine, (2S,4R)-delta-hydroxyleucine, (2S,4R)-4-methylproline (trans-4-methyl-l-proline) and (2S,4S)-4-methylproline (cis-4-methyl-l-proline). The three hydroxyleucines have been confirmed to be the reduction products of the corresponding hydroperoxyleucines, while the two proline analogues are from reduction of their corresponding cyclic Schiff bases. By HPLC analysis using post-column o-phthaldialdehyde derivatization, we have detected hydroxyleucines in the hydrolysates of tripeptides and proteins which had been gamma-radiolysed and treated with NaBH4. Furthermore, we demonstrate the occurrence of the hydroxyleucines on proteins in physiological and pathological samples. Hydroxyleucines, like hydroxyvalines, may provide useful in vivo markers for studying protein oxidation. In the present study we also investigated the competition between leucine, valine and phenylalanine for HO., and proposed a possible radical-transfer process in such free-radical reactions.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Prevalence of alkane monooxygenase genes in Arctic and Antarctic hydrocarbon-contaminated and pristine soils.

The prevalence of four alkane monooxygenase genotypes (Pseudomonas putida GPo1, Pp alkB; Rhodococcus sp. strain Q15, Rh alkB1 and Rh alkB2; and Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP-1, Ac alkM) in hydrocarbon-contaminated and pristine soils from the Arctic and Antarctica were determined by both culture-independent (PCR hybridization analyses) and culture-dependent (colony hybridization analyses) molecular methods, using oligonucleotide primers and DNA probes specific for each of the alk genotypes. PCR hybridization of total soil community DNA detected the rhodococcal alkB genotypes in most of the contaminated (Rh alkB1, 18/20 soils; Rh alkB2, 13/20) and many pristine soils (Rh alkB1, 9/10 soils; Rh alkB2, 7/10), while Pp alkB was generally detected in the contaminated soils (15/20) but less often in pristine soils (5/10). Ac alkM was rarely detected in the soils (1/30). The colony hybridization technique was used to determine the prevalence of each of the alk genes and determine their relative abundance in culturable cold-adapted (5 degrees C) and mesophilic populations (37 degrees C) from eight of the polar soils. The cold-adapted populations, in general, possessed relatively higher percentages of the Rh alkB genotypes (Rh alkB1, 1.9% (0.55); Rh alkB2, 2.47% (0.89)), followed by the Pp alkB (1.13% (0.50)), and then the Ac alkM (0.53% (0.36)). The Rh alkB1 genotype was clearly more prevalent in culturable cold-adapted bacteria (1.9% (0.55)) than in culturable mesophiles (0.41 (0.55)), suggesting that cold-adapted bacteria are the predominant organisms possessing this genotype. Overall, these results indicated that (i) Acinetobacter spp. are not predominant members of polar alkane degradative microbial communities, (ii) Pseudomonas spp. may become enriched in polar soils following contamination events, and (iii) Rhodococcus spp. may be the predominant alkane-degradative bacteria in both pristine and contaminated polar soils.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Japanese Science Fiction: A View of a Changing Society, and: Rationalizing Genius: Ideological Strategies in the Classic American Science Fiction Short Story (review)

tially destructive and transgressive." Thus, attempts to show the bleaker side of the feminist struggle are decidedly devalued because they "do not provide a stable base for social activity and political struggle." It is not surprising, then, diat Palmer ends her book (and her search for the perfect feminist novel) on a note on yearning: "The problematic question of how writers create a form of fiction which makes an intervention in the political arena instead of merely reproducing existing conditions or deflecting attention from them is clearly as urgent today as it was in earlier periods." Somewhat wary of seeing the creative art of fiction confined to such a narrow venture, I cannot, however, quite appreciate Palmer's sense of urgency nor her particular brand of literary criticism.

Field of study: Art