nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reply by Authors to C. H. Murphy

(7) This correction for Run 585 is —2.4%. 3K2 and K2 are each reduced by 4.8% in Figs. 2 and 3 and lines refitted, with the results Ci = -0.00602, C2 = 0.000100, C3 = 0.02074, <74 = —0.0000380. Thus, we see that the quasi-linear technique can yield the nonlinear damping coefficients to 5% and the cubic static moment coefficient to 2% from the exactly calculated points. Analysis of Experimental Data The actual flight data can now be fitted by Eqs. (2-4) with the results given in Tables 1 and 2. The standard error of the fits is quite good, but 6" is now poorly predicted by Eq. (5). This probably means that (73 and (74 are not constants but must be allowed to be functions of Mach number,

Field of study: Physics
Acute coronary syndrome: Relationship between genetic variants and TIMI risk

HighlightsHypertension was related to the severity of the TIMI risk classification.IL6R and TNFa genotypes were different between patients and blood donors.TNFa and IL1b genotypes were not related to serum levels of their cytokines.TT genotype in IL6R was related to low TIMI risk, C reactive protein and troponin.TT genotype in IL6R is a possible protector against the Acute Coronary Syndrome. &NA; Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a multifactorial disease, including the genetic factor, caused by coronary artery obstruction by atheroma. Some genetic variants have been described as risk factors for this disease. Its early diagnosis and stratification of risk of death by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) are important. Therefore, we evaluated variants in the IL6R (c950‐1722C>T), TNFa (c.‐488G>A), LEPR (c.2673+1118C>T) and IL1b (c.‐598T>C) genes in relation to TIMI risk, cytokine serum levels, and risk factors for ACS. We selected 200 patients with ACS, 50 without ACS from the Real Hospital Português, Recife ‐ PE, and 295 blood donors at the Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (Hemope). Variants were determined by DNA sequencing or enzymatic cleavage. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The most frequent risk factors found in the patients were dyslipidemia and hypertension, this latter associated with high TIMI risk (p = 0.003). Genotype frequencies of IL6R and TNFa differed between patients with ACS and the blood donors (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.01, respectively), and TNF‐&agr; levels differed between genotypes. The TT genotype of the IL6R gene is as a possible protective factor for ACS because it was significantly more present in blood donors (32.2%) than in patients with ACS (18.0%), and was more frequent in low TIMI risk (22.9%) than in the intermediate (20.2%) or high (4.9%). In patients with ACS, the TT genotype in IL6R was related to a lower concentration of c‐reactive protein (p = 0.03) and troponin (p = 0.02), showing a less inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The differences in the frequencies of variants in genes of medical interest among the groups show the importance of studies in specific populations groups to establish the relationship between genes and diseases.

Field of study: Medicine
The Distributions of the Actual Error Rates in Linear Discriminant Analysis

Some results concerning the distributions of the actual error rates in linear discriminant analysis, under various assumptions about the parameters, are discussed. To determine the form in the one-variable case, formulas for the exact distribution and density functions of the actual error rates are presented. Formulas for the asymptotic distribution and asymptotic moments of the actual error rates in both the univariate and multivariate cases are also given.

Field of study: Mathematics
Suboptimal Fuzzy Control for Memristive Chaotic Systems

This paper addresses the suboptimal control for memristive systems. Considering the state-dependent properties of the memristor, a fuzzy model employing parallel distributed compensation (PDC) is formulated to linearize the complicated memristive system with only two subsystems. A linear quadratic cost function is considered to measure the control performance of the systems. The obtained results are formulated by a minimization problem with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) constraints. By minimizing the upper bound of the quadratic cost function, a unique control gain is derived. Meanwhile, the asymptotical stability of the systems is also guaranteed. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the results in this paper.

Field of study: Engineering
Prediction of spray drift using insecticide tracers and two types of collector

Two insecticides, carbaryl and chlorpyrifos, were evaluated at low concentrations as tracers to predict the behaviour of spray clouds of malathion at field strength. Aerial sprays were produced from a Cessna Ag Husky equipped with a dual liquid dispersal system, spraying simultaneously. Spray drift was measured at 90 or 30 m downwind using 1.6 mm polyester cord and 0.6 mm monofilament line suspended from a helium‐filled blimp tethered 15.25 m above ground level. Recoveries of malathion averaged 87.3% and 85.2% of the amount predicted from the tracers on the monofilament and polyester, respectively. The coefficients of variation for 12 flights were 50.9% for the monofilament line, and 17.4% for the polyester cord.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Ascorbate accumulation during sulphur deprivation and its effects on photosystem II activity and H2 production of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

In nature, H2 production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii serves as a safety valve during the induction of photosynthesis in anoxia, and it prevents the over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Sulphur deprivation of C. reinhardtii also triggers a complex metabolic response resulting in the induction of various stress-related genes, down-regulation of photosynthesis, the establishment of anaerobiosis and expression of active hydrogenase. Photosystem II (PSII) plays dual role in H2 production because it supplies electrons but the evolved O2 inhibits the hydrogenase. Here, we show that upon sulphur deprivation, the ascorbate content in C. reinhardtii increases about 50-fold, reaching the mM range; at this concentration, ascorbate inactivates the Mn-cluster of PSII, and afterwards, it can donate electrons to tyrozin Z(+) at a slow rate. This stage is followed by donor-side-induced photoinhibition, leading to the loss of charge separation activity in PSII and reaction centre degradation. The time point at which maximum ascorbate concentration is reached in the cell is critical for the establishment of anaerobiosis and initiation of H2 production. We also show that ascorbate influenced H2 evolution via altering the photosynthetic electron transport rather than hydrogenase activity and starch degradation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Mathematical Model and Its Application to Calculating the Distance of a Curved Surface between Two Points

This essay focuses on the practical problems arising from the opening of the new air route between Beijing and Detroit, which goes over the North Pole. It has discussed the different conditions of a globe and a spinning ellipsoid. According to the Approximation theory, it has established a mathematical model with which one can figure out the distance of a curved surface between two points. The author introduces this calculation method for finding out the shortest air route, so it explains why this new air route can save almost 4 flight hours.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Studies on Florence and the Italian Renaissance in Honour of F. W. Kent. Peter Howard and Cecilia Hewlett, eds. Europa Sacra 20. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. xvi + 522 pp. €120.

and [Guillaume] Budé” (238). Neither of those philologists/antiquaries wrote anything that could remotely be described as a political history, though Pasquier did deal with political themes in his genre-breaking miscellany the Recherches de la France (brilliantly explored nearly half a century ago by George Huppert, who is uncited here; Donald R. Kelley’s related work is cited, but with his name misspelled). We all make such errors, but it is a great pity that the publisher’s peer-review process did not intercept some of these. This is not a bad book; it is well intentioned, and doubtless many of the essays will be found useful to a principally literary audience. But it could have been so very much better, and therein lies its major disappointment.

Field of study: History
Diagonal Matching Algorithm for Motion Estimation and Its Hardware Implementation

According the block matching algorithm in Motion Estimation(ME),proposes a diagonal matching algorithm.Compared with the matching methods of SAD,MSE,MAD,diagonal matching algorithm decreases the computational burden greatly,and only loses few quality of ME.The algorithm supports many searching strategies and has good performances.Designs the implementation,including a double oblique raster scan method and reconfigurable register architecture,it can fully utilize the reduplicate data.The architecture is verified in FPGA,and it supports real time application of 1280×720 at 30fps when the operation rate is 240MHz with 4 modules work in parallel.

Field of study: Computer science
POST-LARAMIE STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS IN THE DENVER BASIN, COLORADO

In mapping and correlating post-Laramie formations in the Denver Basin, clear-cut mappable formation boundaries have been defined and used. It is proposed that (1) the Laramie-Arapahoe contact remain as originally defined by Emmons, Cross, and Eldridge (1896); (2) the Arapahoe-Denver contact be placed at the widespread erosional disconformity at the base of the lowest, thickest, and most prominent basalt-andesite pebble conglomerate bed in the Denver area, instead of at the first appearance of andesitic debris as originally proposed by Emmons, Cross, and Eldridge (1896). The following changes in nomenclature are proposed: (1) The Arapahoe and Denver formations can be mapped throughout the Denver Basin, and these names should replace the term “lower Dawson” of Dane and Pierce (1936). (2) “Dawson formation” (type section at Dawson Butte) should designate only “upper Dawson” of Dane and Pierce. (3) The name “Green Mountain conglomerate” should be abandoned as it is only a partial representative of the proposed Dawson formation as restricted in (2). (4) The Laramie formation should be restricted to its original definition by Emmons, Cross, and Eldridge (1896) rather than extended as proposed by Brown (1943).

Field of study: Geology
Implicit phonon shifts and thermodynamical properties of rigid carbon nanotube bunches

We calculate phonon shifts of external modes of a bunch of carbon nanotubes. The bunches form a 2-dimensional hexagonal arrangement of lattice with long molecules of carbon nanotubes. A simple model based on atom-atom potential has been used to calculate the implicit anharmonicity in the phonons of carbon nanotube bundles (also called ropes or bunches) having rigid tubes, with the assumption that under hydrostatic pressure only the inter-tube distance in the bunch varies. Various bulk and thermodynamic properties like thermal expansion, bulk modulus and the Gruneisen constants and external phonon shifts which naturally enter into the calculation are also described and compared with the available data. The specific heat capacity has also been calculated.

Field of study: Physics
Visualizing forebrain-specific usage of an estrogen receptor alpha promoter for receptor downregulation in the rat.

Transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of an estrogen receptor (ER) alpha promoter were generated to tag ERalpha-positive neurons in the brain. Two transgenes, one containing sequences for promoter A and DsRed and the other containing sequences for promoter 0/B and EGFP, were injected simultaneously into Wistar rat zygotes. Twenty-two founders with both transgenes were identified. Ten lines of these founders expressed the EGFP tag in the brains of their first filial generation, whereas none similarly expressed the DsRed tag. In two lines selected for the brightness of the EGFP fluorescence in their brains, tagged cells showed essentially the same patterns. Tagged cells were in the preoptic area (POA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and medial amygdala. ERalpha-immunoreactive neurons were identified in all of these structures by immunohistochemistry. In ovariectomized females, approximately 75% of the EGFP-fluorescent cells in the POA-BNST were immunoreactive for ERalpha. In the POA-BNST, ovariectomy increased the number of EGFP-immunopositive cells and estrogen supplementation reversed this effect, indicating that the promoter 0/B is involved in estrogen-induced downregulation of ERalpha. EGFP was also present in cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which have not previously been associated with endocrine regulation. Conversely, only a few cells were tagged in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, which contained many ERalpha-immunoreactive neurons. This discrepancy could have arisen as a result of differential promoter usage.

Field of study: Biology
Present situation of vector-control management in Bangladesh: a wake up call.

Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis is one of the major vector-borne diseases in Bangladesh. The disease is transmitted by sandfly. The incidence of the disease, which has been increasing since the early eighties, must be reduced by taking adequate vector-control measures. The objective of the present study was to identify the favorable factors and the constraints of present vector-control management in Bangladesh.



Purposively selected senior entomologist and retired senior entomologist at central level, civil surgeons, entotechnicians, health inspectors and spray men from kala-azar-endemic districts, community leaders, and NGO representatives were key informants of the study. A household survey to learn about knowledge and perceptions of the people about kala-azar vector was carried out, using a structured questionnaire, in 202 randomly selected households.



Practically, there was no vector-control activity in the nine most kala-azar-endemic districts of Bangladesh. Inadequate human resources, lack of logistics, and unavailability of funds for vector control were the major constraints. Community perception about kala-azar vector was poor. However, the use of bednets in the community was high. No private organization was involved in kala-azar vector control. Knowledge of the spray men about the insecticide-spraying technique was also unsatisfactory.



Kala-azar vector control in Bangladesh needs immediate attention of policy-makers and donors, otherwise, elimination of kala-azar from the country by 2015 may not be achievable.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Transient inactivation of the ventral tegmental area selectively disrupts the expression of conditioned place preference for pup- but not cocaine-paired contexts.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a critical role in motivated behavior. However, it remains unclear whether intact VTA function is necessary for motivated behavior to seek contexts repeatedly paired with natural stimuli and/or pharmacological stimuli. In the present study, conditioned place preference (CPP) was induced with highly salient natural or drug stimuli attributed with strong incentive-motivational value in each of 2 female models: Postpartum females were conditioned to associate one unique context in the CPP apparatus with young offspring (pups) and a second context with a neutral stimulus, and virgin females were conditioned to associate unique contexts with cocaine (5 mg/kg ip) and saline injections. Immediately before CPP testing, each female received a microinfusion of bupivacaine bilaterally into the VTA to transiently inactivate the region; subjects were also tested after saline microinfusion into the VTA. Postpartum females' preference for the pup-paired context was abolished by VTA inactivation but was restored to high control levels after saline microinfusion. In separate tests, VTA inactivation also reduced motivated pup licking and pup retrieval in postpartum females, suggesting that intact VTA function is required for the expression of both pup CPP and motivated pup-directed behaviors. Cocaine CPP remained unaffected by VTA inactivation. Locomotion was not affected by VTA microinfusions but was severely impaired by bupivacaine microinfusions into the substantia nigra. We concluded that the VTA is differentially involved in the expression of conditioned preference for contexts paired with pups, a salient natural stimulus, and contexts paired with cocaine.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Photo-electrochemical studies on intercalation and semiconducting intercalation compounds

Many materials which can form or are intercalation compounds have semiconducting properties and exhibit photo-effects in contact with suitable electrolytes. These photo-effects are produced by electronic transitions which are facilitating subsequent ion transfer across the liquid junction interface. Various aspects of these photo-induced ionic mechanisms are discussed on the basis of selected experimental results obtained with host materials of the composition MX, MX2, MPX3, M3PX4, M6PX5Hal, MO2, and (CH)n (with M = metal, X = S, Se; P = phosphorus, Hal = halogene, O = oxygen, C = carbon, and H = hydrogen). Since light-induced insertion or deintercalation of guest species changes the free energy and solid state properties of electrode systems, these phenomena could become useful for solar energy conversion ans storage as well as for optical information storage. In addition, it is shown that photo-electrochemical techniques are a versatile tool for the study of ionic processes at interfaces.

Field of study: Materials science
Sulfenylation of C–H Bonds for C–S Bond Formation under Metal‐Free Conditions

Sulfenylation of C–H bonds for C–S bond formation under metal-free conditions has become established as a powerful tool in organic chemistry. Various sulfenylation reagents such as thiols, disulfides, sulfinic acids, and so on have been employed for sulfenynlation reactions. In this review we mainly summarize the recent advances (2014 to the present) in this area and also discuss the mechanisms.

Field of study: Chemistry
Refrigerant leakage detection in an EEV installed residential air conditioner with limited sensor installations

Refrigerant leakage is the most frequently found fault in a refrigeration system and efficient detection is highly important. For a sudden leakage, it is relatively easy to detect but slow and long-term leakage is hard to find out, therefore, a useful method for leak detection in such condition is required. Large scale refrigeration systems have abundant data to detect or diagnose leakage. However, in case of small residential air conditioner, installed sensors are mostly temperature sensors, and the number of these sensors is also limited. In this study, a refrigerant leak detection method for an EEV (electronic expansion valve) installed residential air conditioners with limited sensor information is suggested based on experimental data. This method uses temperature differences between inlet air and midpoint of heat exchanger. For various temperature conditions, the temperature difference shows a similar trend which can be utilized as a good leak detection procedure.

Field of study: Engineering
Effects of nursing program as a life review on life satisfaction and happiness among elderly people

Life review can be an effective intervention in increasing the positive emotions, happiness and life satisfaction among elderly, which in turn will improve their life significantly. This study aims to determine the effects of nursing program as a life review on life satisfaction and happiness among elderly people.  A quasi experimental study.  Two elderly clubs namely; Elsaada and El-Amal in Mansoura, Egypt.  subjects included 74 elderly, Data collected are: socio-demographics, Subjective Happiness, and Satisfaction with Life Scales. Nursing program as (a life review) was implemented and the two scales were re-measured immediately and two months after intervention.  There is an improvement of the overall median life satisfaction score in the immediate post-intervention and two months after intervention. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001. Also, the overall median happiness score improved from 14 up to 19.5 and 20 in the immediate and two-months postintervention; respectively. These improvements are statistical significant with P=0.001.This pattern of improvement persists after stratification of all the sociodemographic variables studied and with the presence or absence of chronic diseases.  Implementation of a Life review intervention improved the life satisfaction and sense of happiness among elderly immediately and post 8 weeks of intervention.

Field of study: Medicine
Localization of carbonic anhydrase in legume nodules

Extracts of the central infected zone and the surrounding cortex of nodules from Lupinus angustifolius L., Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp), Pisum sativum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vicia faba L. and Medicago sativa L. contained significant activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Immunoassay of extracts using antisera to a putative nodule CA (Msca1) cloned from M. sativa also indicated expression in both tissue types. Quantitative confocal microscopy using laser scanning imaging and a fluorescent CA-specific probe (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide [DNSA]) localized expression to the infected cells in the central zone tissue and a narrow band of 2–3 files of cells in the cortical tissue that corresponded to the inner cortex. In the infected cells, the enzyme activity was distributed evenly in the cytosol, but in the inner cortical cells, it was restricted to the periphery – possibly to the plasma membrane or cell wall. The functions of CA in these two tissues are considered in relation to the carbon metabolism of nodules and the participation of the inner cortex in the regulation of gaseous diffusive resistance.

Field of study: Environmental science
CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION AND SIMPLIFICATION OF COMBINATION OF SUSTAINED LOAD AND TRANSIENT LOAD

Sustained and transient load are two components acting on building floor. The probabilistic combination of these two load components is of great concern because of their time-varying randomness in nature. Therefore, a closed form solution and its simplification of combination of these two components were developed, and the validity of the solution was examined by the Monte Carlo simulation. Examples have shown that there is a great agreement between the closed-form solution and the simulation result and the simplified solution is a good approximation of the exact one especially for upper load probability. It is worth noting that the simplified solution is the same as that derived based on the simplified equally time interval load model which has been used in practice. Hence a conclusion can be drawn that, from practical point of view, the simplified equally time interval load model is acceptable for combination of sustained and transient load.

Field of study: Engineering
Quantized Vortices and Collective Oscillations of a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate

Using a sum rule approach we calculate the frequency shifts of the quadrupole oscillations of a harmonically trapped Bose gas due to the presence of a quantized vortex. Analytic results are obtained for positive scattering lengths and large N where the shift relative to excitations of opposite angular momentum is found to be proportional to the quantum circulation of the vortex and to decrease as N^{-2/5}. Results are also given for smaller values of N covering the transition between the ideal gas and the Thomas-Fermi limit. For negative scattering lengths we predict a macroscopic instability of the vortex. The splitting of the collective frequencies in toroidal configurations is also discussed.

Field of study: Physics