nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Microdevices for Physioelectrical Measurement of Biological Cells

In recent research and development in the field of biotechnology, intense focus has been seen in cell level analysis or control technology. Especially, in cell therapy and tissue engineering, function analysis and control of an individual cell is assumed to be essential for achieving full therapeutic effect. However, conventional tools for analyzing cullular function often suffer from chemical invasion and destroy of cell membrane, and hence they do not allow the practical use of measured cells in clinical applications. In this paper, we report the development of microdevices for physioelectirical measurement of cells by applying nano/microfabrication technologies. These devices enable the highly precise measurement of cell membrane potential and zeta potential of individual cells in a minimally invasive manner.

Field of study: Computer science
Dynamic Production Scheduling and Control Based on MAS and System Development

The hierarchical architecture of agile manufacturing oriented production scheduling and control based on MAS is put forward. 1) Taking task decomposition and assignment level as the crux of the matter, cooperative decision-making and collaboration mechanism is constituted; 2) Negotiatory bidding approach is used to decompose and distribute tasks; 3) The effective integration of task distribution and control is realized by adopting the method that combines capability matching with dynamic task scheduling; 4) The granularity of agents and construction of MAS are dynamically determined according to production requirements; 5) Dynamic task reconfiguration can be carried out to be seasoned with the internal and external changes of manufacturing system. Then, its autonomous organization and function mode are discussed that combine hierarchical control with concurrent operation. Finally, Hierarchical blackboard configuration corresponding to the MAS organization is used to realize information and data communication among various agents. Based on the infrastructure constructed to support dynamic scheduling and control of production process, a MAS based dynamic scheduling and control system is developed in Shaanxi Qinchuan Machinery Development Corporation Limited.

Field of study: Computer science
FIBER AND OTHER OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES: Possible practical use of self-switching of radiation in coupled waveguides for amplification of the useful modulation of a signal

An analysis is made of the difficulties encountered in the construction of optical transistors based on self-switching of radiation in tunnel-coupled optical waveguides. A method is suggested which avoids a number of physical difficulties. An estimate is obtained of the influence of various negative factors such as losses in the coupled waveguides, imperfections of these waveguides, and secondary nonlinear effects (stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering, breakdown, etc.).

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Towards computationally-efficient modeling of transport phenomena in three-dimensional monolithic channels

In general, three-dimensional (3D) non-isothermal models for monolithic channels that seek to capture the local transport phenomena are computationally expensive. In this regard, we present a reduced model for a monolithic channel that reduces the computational cost, whilst preserving the 3D geometry and all of the essential physics - this is accomplished by exploiting the inherent slenderness of the monolith channel, coupled with scaling arguments, leading-order asymptotics and a fast space-marcher. The model takes into account conservation of mass, momentum, species and energy coupled with chemical kinetics, and is demonstrated for a three-way reaction mechanism for treatment of automotive exhaust. The results of the reduced model are verified against those of the full model and validated with axial temperature distributions for an experimental square channel. Overall, memory requirements and computing time are reduced by around 2-3 orders of magnitude as compared to the full set of equations. Finally, we discuss the suitability of the reduced model for reactor-scale modeling and extensions for transient simulations and other slender chemical engineering systems.

Field of study: Mathematics
PTFE Application in Oilfield Development

This paper expounds the PTFE high molecular compound excellent physical properties and chemical properties, and resulting excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, weather resistance, electrical insulation, low friction and not sticky, etc. This paper introduces it has been widely used in various industrial areas, it emphatically analyzes the application and developing prospect of stable corrosion resistance in the oilfield development after coating processing of downhole drilling string.

Field of study: Engineering
Associations Between MAOA‐uVNTR Genotype, Maltreatment, MAOA Methylation, and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adult Males

Epigenetic mechanisms are candidate moderators of the effect of maltreatment on brain and behavior. Interactions between maltreatment and the monoamine oxidase A upstream variable number tandem repeat genotype (MAOA-uVNTR) are associated with alcohol-related problems. However, presently it is not known whether DNA methylation moderates this association. The study focused on 53 young adult males and aimed to determine whether MAOA methylation moderated the association of alcohol-related problems with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment, and whether alcohol consumption moderated the association of MAOA methylation with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment.



MAOA-uVNTR genotypes with ≤ 3 and > 3 repeats were categorized as short (S) and long (L), respectively. Data on maltreatment were obtained retrospectively, using self-reported questionnaires. DNA methylation of 16 candidate CpGs within part of the MAOA first exon and intron was assessed and grouped based on principal component analyses. Alcohol-related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol consumption was measured using AUDIT-C. Moderation effects were assessed and probed using the moderated moderation model and Johnson-Neyman's method, respectively.



Carriers of the S allele, who experienced maltreatment and displayed lower Component 1 (mean of CpGs 13-16 in the first intron) MAOA methylation levels, reported higher AUDIT score in contrast to L-allele carriers. Carriers of the S allele, who reported higher AUDIT-C score and experienced maltreatment, displayed lower Component 3 (mean of CpGs 2-6 in the first exon) MAOA methylation levels than L-allele carriers.



Intronic methylation moderated the association of alcohol-related problems with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. Alcohol consumption moderated the association of exonic methylation with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. These results suggest that epigenetic factors as well as genotype and maltreatment play a role in the development of alcohol misuse among young adult males.

Field of study: Medicine
ATLAS Barrel Toroid Warm Structure Design and Manufacturing

The ATLAS barrel toroid magnet is a large air-core toroid that provides the magnetic field needed for the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The barrel toroid structure, named warm structure, holds the eight superconducting coils evenly positioned around the beam axis with an outer diameter of 20 m. The warm structure supports not only the coils but also muon detectors, services and access for the ATLAS experiment. The warm structure withstands about 1400 tons of weight and strong magnetic forces. Physics performance of the muon detectors, and the fact that many design aspects of the toroid and of other related sub-system of the ATLAS experiment are intertwined, impose stringent requirements on the warm structure design. Extensive finite element analyses have been carried out to achieve the final design. Manufacturing feasibilities and facilities have been taken into account. This paper gives an overview on the design and manufacturing of the ATLAS Barrel Toroid Warm

Field of study: Physics
Effect of soil pH on availability to crops of metals in sewage sludge-treated soils. II. Cadmium uptake by crops and implications for human dietary intake.

Appropriate pH-related permissible soil-limit concentrations for cadmium in sewage sludge-treated agricultural soils were estimated from the proportional changes in concentrations of cadmium in potatoes, oats and ryegrass grown on two sludge-amended soils and at different pH values. Implications for potential human dietary intake of cadmium were also assessed. Yields of crops increased with increasing soil pH, probably in response to decreasing uptake of zinc as soil pH value was raised. In general, cadmium concentrations in peeled potato tubers, potato peelings, oat straw and ryegrass decreased as simple linear functions of increasing soil pH over the range of pH values measured (pH 3.9-7.6). Cadmium concentrations in potato peel were particularly sensitive to changing pH conditions, whereas cadmium levels in oat grain were independent of soil pH. On the basis that a highly precautionary approach is adopted in setting soil standards for heavy metals, appropriate permissible concentrations of cadmium in sludge-treated agricultural soil which protect the human food chain were determined as 2.0 and 2.5 mg Cd Kg(-1) for banded pH ranges of 5.0-5.5 and 5.5-6.0, respectively.

Field of study: Environmental science
Synthesis and structure–activity studies of simplified analogues of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity like bryostatin-1

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are promising targets for anticancer therapy. Bryostatin-1 (bryo-1), a unique PKC activator with little tumor-promoting activity, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. However, its limited availability from natural sources and its synthetic complexity have hampered studies of its mode of action and structural optimization as a therapeutic agent. The development of synthetically more accessible compounds with bryo-1-like activities is thus needed. Recently, we developed a simple and less lipophilic analogue of tumor-promoting aplysiatoxin (ATX) (aplog-1) as a promising lead for bryo-1-like anticancer drugs. Structure–activity studies suggested that local hydrophobicity around the spiroketal moiety of aplog-1 is a crucial determinant of its antiproliferative activity. The hydrophobic analogue (12,12-dimethyl-aplog-1) displayed more potent antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it showed little tumor-promoting activity and even suppressed the tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in vivo and in vitro. Aplog-1 and bryo-1 bound selectively to novel PKC isozymes (δ, η, and θ) while tumor promoters bound to both conventional and novel PKC isozymes. These results suggest that the unique biological activities of aplog-1 and bryo-1 are ascribable in part to the ability to bind to PKCδ, but weak binding to conventional PKC isozymes might also be important.

Field of study: Chemistry
Air leakage and ventilation effectiveness for confinement livestock housing

With new building materials and construction technology, infiltration still contributed a large portion (about 47%) of the minimum ventilation in swine buildings. This ventilation can significantly reduce the ventilation effectiveness and may even cause failure to control the indoor environment. Infiltration through a building envelope is analogous to an electrical circuit. Similar to the insulation value (RSI), air leakage resistance (RL) could be a standard parameter to express the building material, construction, and performance during building commissioning.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Embedded clusters: upgrading visual and infrared photometric analysis with Gaia DR2 and ASteCA

Embedded clusters are groups of stars which have not dispersed yet the residual of the parental cloud where they were born so getting precise distances and properties of these groups turns out to be an essential task. We present results for five embedded clusters: [DBS2003]5, [DBS2003]60, [DBS2003]98, [DBS2003]116 and [DBS2003]117. Results come from a combination of deep CCD UBVI photometry suitable to identify blue faint stars and infrared information from available surveys. In turn photometry was linked with proper motions and parallaxes from Gaia DR2. Each object was treated in a multi-space using ASteCA, a code especially designed to perform an automatic data analysis and aimed at providing the fundamental parameters of star groups, in case they compose a real entity.

Field of study: Physics
The painful leg and moving toe syndrome

: The paper reports a case of painful-legs-and-moving-toes syndrome in a 75-year-old woman who developed it after a paralytic ischias attack at the age of 70. The syndrome was characterized by persistent pains in distal parts of the legs and feet and constant involuntary flexion-extension wave-like toe movements. SSEP studies revealed a defect of conduction in high-speed myelinated fibers of the lumbo-sacral radices of both sides. A cortical motor potential corresponding to the toe hyperkinetic movement was present. It the base of the hyperkinesis a reflectory mechanism may underlie initiated from radiculo-spinal nociceptive systems disinhibited in consequence of the deficiency of inhibitory control from high speed rear column afferents. Neurophysiological data suggest participation of cerebral mechanisms in realization of the hyperkinesis.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Performance evaluation of a two-stage CO2 cycle with gas injection in the cooling mode operation

The cooling performance and reliability of a transcritical CO2 cycle can be significantly improved by using a multi-stage compressor with gas injection because the CO2 cycle has a large pressure difference across a compressor. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance and operating characteristics of a two-stage CO2 cycle with gas injection. In this study, the performances of a two-stage CO2 cycle with gas injection (called as “two-stage gas injection cycle”) were measured as the amount of refrigerant charge, first- and second-stage compressor frequencies, and first- and second-stage EEV openings were varied in the cooling mode operation. The cooling COP of the two-stage gas injection cycle was maximally enhanced by 16.5% over that of the two-stage non-injection cycle in the experiments. In addition, when the first- and second-stage EEV openings were increased, the compression ratio decreased and this in turn, improved the cooling COP of the two-stage gas injection cycle. However, when the first-stage EEV opening was increased, the mass flow rate through the evaporator decreased, and this in turn, decreased the cooling capacity of the two-stage gas injection cycle. Therefore, in the two-stage gas injection cycle, an optimum control of both EEV openings is required.

Field of study: Engineering
Gender and tourist experiences: assessing women's shared meanings for Beatrix Potter

As a social construct, tourism is premised upon inter-relationships between various producers and consumers. Within this system, gender differences may influence how tourist sites are interpreted and the symbolic associations visitors make with places. Adopting Johnson's (1986) circuits of culture framework and focusing primarily upon women visitors, this paper assesses meanings of Beatrix Potter inspired tourism in the English Lake District. Qualitative evidence highlights how women in particular conjoined an interest in Potter with the tourist visit to mediate other attitudes and values. Such links with non-tourist social practises were usually derived from associations with childhood and family life. The paper also considers how shopping and souvenir purchases helped to perpetuate and redefine this value system. Tourism occurs within a context of larger social-cultural structures and practices. In developing a more complete understanding of such aspects of tourism systems, gender constructs merit incre...

Field of study: Sociology
Evaluación diagnóstica sobre el conocimiento y viabilidad de uso del preservativo femenino: un estudio cualitativo

Resumen En esta investigacion se presenta una evaluacion diagnostica a partir de las creencias, cono cimiento, accesibilidad, actitud y viabilidad del uso del preservativo femenino, como punto de partida para el diseno e implementacion de pro gramas de promocion del metodo. Se desarrolla a traves de un estudio de caso, en el contexto gallego, con un enfoque cualitativo y con la participacion de 9 grupos de discusion, formados por un total de 83 jovenes y adultos de edades comprendidas entre 19 y 42 anos. Entre los resultados mas destacables identificamos que el preservativo femenino es poco conocido, escasamente utilizado y con una accesibilidad principalmente condicionada por su elevado precio e insuficiente difusion. Los agentes de educacion formal e informal son los que promueven, de forma moderada, el acceso al metodo. Destacan actitudes neutras hacia el mismo. La evaluacion diagnostica revela la necesidad de disenar e implementar intervenciones educativas encaminadas a la promocion del uso del metodo.

Field of study: Mathematics
Sympathectomy induces novel purinergic sensitivity in sciatic afferents.

To test the hypothesis that sympathectomy could induce novel purinergic sensitivity in sciatic afferents.



Teased-fiber recordings were made from 32 spontaneously active A afferents from the sciatic nerves in surgically sympathectomized rats and 30 spontaneously active A afferents from the sciatic nerves in intact rats. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was injected via a cannula in jugular vein.



Twenty eight percent of the spontaneously active afferent fibers from sciatic nerves in the sympathectomized rats responded to ATP, either with an increase or with a decrease in spontaneous firing. However, none of the fibers from the sciatic nerves in the intact rats was activated by ATP.



Sympathectomy induces novel purinergic sensitivity in A afferents from sciatic nerve.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
KINETIC ANALYSIS OF GAS-SOLID PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION

The photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds using ultrafine semiconductor powder has been one of the most active areas for environmental problems.It is important from the viewpoint of practical applications to develop a simplified kinetic model suitable of representing the very complex mechanisms of photocatalytic oxidation.In the present paper,kinetic analysis is carried out for gas-solid photocatalytic reaction,and a kinetic model is developed.The theoretical results show that the rate of gas-solid photocatalytic reaction is proportional to the light intensity ( I 0) under low UV light intensity, proportional to the square root of the light intensity under medium UV light intensity,and independent of I 0 under extremely high UV light intensity.Photocatalytic reaction could be simply decomposed as three continuous processes as follows:photon transfer step, surface action step,and diffusion step.A novel gas-solid photocatalytic reactor is designed,and trichloroethylene is selected as the testing substance.The experimental results show that photon transfer step and surface action step are verified for gas-solid photocatalytic oxidation on nano-TiO 2 powder.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Electromechanical characterization of titanium-dioxide-filled SiR-EPDM blends

The aim of the research is to prepare a polymer composite material for high-voltage cable insulation purposes. Many researchers have blended a silicone rubber (SiR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) at different ratios to identify the composition which possesses excellent electromechanical properties. SiR-EPDM blends in 90:10 and 10:90 ratios were taken up for this study. To these polymer blends, metallic filler titanium dioxide (TiO2) with different densities have been used as the filler materials. The electromechanical performance and the physico-chemical behaviour of SiR-EPDM blends with filler addition were compared with SiR-EPDM blends of the same blend ratio without filler. The electromechanical parameters were measured according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and ASTM standards. The surface morphology and filler dispersion were examined by the scanning electron microscopy images. The elemental compositions of the samples were obtained from the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The changes in electromechanical behaviour of the samples were analysed from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results. The investigations reveal that 5 wt% of high-density TiO2-filled SiR-rich blend possesses the best electromechanical performance of all prepared samples.

Field of study: Materials science
Feasibility analysis on municipal solid waste management in Yangling.

Based on the on-site sampling and analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) in different urban districts of Yangling City,from which a series of data regarding trash physical composition,moisture,low-calorific value,and contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus (P2O5) and total potassium (K2O) were obtained,this paper made a feasibility analysis of MSW treatment and disposal methods in the city's urban area in view of the technology,economy and policy.According to the analysis,composting plus simplified land-fill is considered to be suitable for the City.

Field of study: Environmental science
System-Justifying Beliefs and Psychological Well-Being: The Roles of Group Status and Identity

This research examined the relationship between endorsing system-justifying beliefs and psychological well-being among individuals fromethnic groups that vary in social status. Systemjustifying beliefs are beliefs that imply that status in society is fair, deserved, and merited; examples of system-justifying beliefs in the United States include the beliefs that hard work pays off and that anyone can get ahead regardless of their group membership. We found that endorsing system-justifying beliefs was negatively related to psychological well-being among members of lowstatus groups who were highly identified with their group but positively related to well-being among members of low-status groups who were not highly identified with their ethnic group. In addition, we found that endorsing system-justifying beliefs was positively related to well-being among members of high-status groups, especially among members of high-status groups who were highly identified with the group.

Field of study: Psychology
The photochemical action spectrum of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system.

The inhibition of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) by carbon monoxide (CO) can be reversed by illumination with lights of differing wavelengths. The authors determined the efficiency of this reversal as a function of the illuminating light. Maximum efficiency was obtained in the wavelength band around 440-450 nm, which is near the absorption of the reduced cytochrome-P-450-carbon monoxide complex. When the experiment was repeated with microsomes prepared from ethanol-fed rats, the wavelength for maximum efficiency shifted towards higher values.

Field of study: Medicine