nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated CD4+ T cells preferentially take up lipid microspheres, but resting cells do not

Lipid microspheres (LM) used as drug carriers increase the effectiveness and reduce the toxicity of incorporated drugs. The present study is designed to determine whether or not activated T lymphocytes, which were the cells chosen first from the ‘inflammatory cells’, can take up LM in vitro. LM were labelled with a fluorescent probe, DiI (Dil‐LM), to examine the kinetics. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes principally took up Dil‐LM, while lymphocytes and granulocytes did not. When PBMC were stimulated with immobilized anti‐CD3 MoAb and IL‐2, cells expressing CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD 16 incorporated Dil‐LM. Purified CD4+ T cells, obtained by positive panning selection, were stimulated with this system. They were CD25, CD71, LFA‐1‐positive, and also showed an ability to take up Dil‐LM, which resting cells did not. The findings were confirmed by flow cytometry and quantitative analysis of Dil. Confocal micrographs showed fluorescent granules from the probe in the cytoplasm of stimulated CD4+ T cells after incubation with DiI‐LM. These results suggest that immunomodulatory agents incorporated into LM might selectively regulate the function of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells when these are activated.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Integrable deformations of local analytic fibrations with singularities

We study analytic integrable deformations of the germ of a holomorphic foliation given by $df=0$ at the origin $0 \in \mathbb C^n, n \geq 3$. We consider the case where $f$ is a germ of an irreducible and reduced holomorphic function. Our central hypotheses is that, {\em outside of a dimension $\leq n-3$ analytic subset $Y\subset X$, the analytic hypersurface $X_f : (f=0)$ has only normal crossings singularities}. We then prove that, as germs, such deformations also exhibit a holomorphic first integral, depending analytically on the parameter of the deformation. This applies to the study of integrable germs writing as $\omega = df + f \eta$ where $f$ is quasi-homogeneous. Under the same hypotheses for $X_f : (f=0)$ we prove that $\omega$ also admits a holomorphic first integral. Finally, we conclude that an integrable germ $\omega = adf + f \eta$ admits a holomorphic first integral provided that: (i) $X_f: (f=0)$ is irreducible with an isolated singularity at the origin $0 \in \mathbb C^n, n \geq 3$; \, (ii) the algebraic multiplicities of $\omega$ and $f$ at the origin satisfy $\nu(\omega) = \nu (df)$. In the case of an isolated singularity for $(f=0)$ the writing $\omega = adf + f \eta$ is always assured so that we conclude the existence of a holomorphic first integral. Some questions related to Relative Cohomology are naturally considered and not all of them answered.

Field of study: Mathematics
[Features of maternal behavior in women with epilepsy].

To study characteristics of maternal behavior in women with epilepsy.



Twenty-three women with epilepsy, aged 25-35 years, with one or more children, aged 0-10 years, were interviewed. Thirty age-matched women were included in the control group. The following psychological methods were used: the projective test 'Mother and Child', the Scale of the degree of rejection of a child in the family, the Parent Institution Study Test Questionnaire (PARI), the projective methodology 'Unfinished sentences', a method for diagnosing the level of empathic abilities.



The style of child upbringing in women with epilepsy is authoritarian, directive. Often there is egocentrism, fixation on one's own behalf, internal coldness. Mothers with epilepsy have a reduced level of empathy and are irritable, anxious, hyperopic, indulgent, emotionally cold, hypochondriac, uncritical, dependent, devout, conceited.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
On the soft power of university

Soft power can reflect the power of university to a fairly large extent,being an important factor in the rapid and substainable development of university.Constantly conscious of its own spirit pursuit in its development process,university should improve its managenet constantly too.Carefully protecting its own prestige whenever.Pwring this process,university leaders play a crutial role.To strengthen the soft pwoer of university we must be good at transforming,and need far vision,however,we can't be too ideal to succeed overnight.

Field of study: Education
Synthesis and1H,13C, and29Si spectroscopic investigation of 2-thienyl(2′-Furyl)- and 2′-thienyl[2′-(4′,5′-dihydrofuryl)]silanes

The complete series of 2-thienyl(2′-furyl)- and 2-thienyl[2′-(4′,5′-dihydrofuryl)]silanes have been synthesized, and the influence of the character and number of substituents on the chemical shifts in the1H,13C, and29Si spectra has been investigated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Extraction and content determination of polysaccharide in Henna

To study the extraction and content determination of polysaccharide in Henna,the polysaccharide was extracted by the method of water extraction and ethanol deposition after removal of its protein by using chloroform and n-butanol on the proportion of 4∶1.Anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry was applied to determine the content of polysaccharide.The results indicate that the contents of polysaccharide of leaves and flowers in Henna were 8.13% and 8.98%,respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Adaptive Behavior and Low Incidence Handicaps

Individuals who have physical impairments are a very heterogeneous group. Teachers and other direct care personnel of the physically handicapped have traditionally received medical diagnoses and medical information with very few educational and/or treatment implications. The use of adaptive behavior scales with the physically handicapped offers a functional assessment tool that can be directly applied to individual treatment plans. This article examines problems in the traditional assessment procedures used with the physically handicapped and discusses the use of adaptive behavior scales with emphasis on application of the results through a multidisciplinary approach. Selected adaptive behavior scales are described, and guidelines for test administration with the physically handicapped are suggested.

Field of study: Education
Emissivity and conductivity of parton-hadron matter

We investigate the properties of the QCD matter across the deconfinement phase transition. In the scope of the parton-hadron string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach, we study the strongly interacting matter in equilibrium as well as the out-of equilibrium dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present here in particular the results on the electromagnetic radiation, i.e. photon and dilepton production, in rel- ativistic heavy-ion collisions and the relevant correlator in equilibrium, i.e. the electric conductivity. By comparing our calculations for the heavy-ion collisions to the available data, we determine the relative importance of the various production sources and address the possible origin of the observed strong elliptic flow v2 of direct photons. The electromagnetic emissivity of strongly interacting matter is a subject of longstanding interest and is explored in particular in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, where the photons (and dilep- tons) measured experimentally provide a time-integrated picture of the collision dynamics. The recent observation by the PHENIX Collaboration (1) that the ellipticflow v2(pT) of 'direct photons' produced in minimal bias Au+Au collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV is comparable to that of the produced pions was a surprise and in contrast to the theoretical expectations and predictions (2-6). We have investi- gated the spectra and elliptic flow of dileptons and photons from relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the scope of the covariant transport approach Parton-Hadron String Dynamics (PHSD) in Refs. (7-11). The PHSD model (12, 13) is an off-shell transport approach that consistently describes the full evolu- tion of a relativistic heavy-ion collision from the initial hard scatterings and string formation through the dynamical deconfinement phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma as well as hadronization and the subsequent interactions in the hadronic phase. The two-particle correlations resulting from the finite width of the parton spectral functions are taken into account dynamically in the PHSD by means of the generalized off-shell transport equations (14) that go beyond the mean field or Boltzmann ap- proximation (15). The transport theoretical description of quarks and gluons in the PHSD is based on the Dynamical Quasi-Particle Model (DQPM) for partons that is constructed to reproduce lattice QCD (lQCD) results for the entropy density, energy density and pressure as functions of temperature for the quark-gluon plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium. In the hadronic sector, PHSD is equivalent to the Hadron-String Dynamics (HSD) approach (16-18). For details about the DQPM model and the off-shell transport approach we refer the reader to the review Ref. .

Field of study: Physics
A Method of Software Self-sensing Attack Threats by the Improved Guard

Software run in the open complex white box attack environment and thus faced with serious reverse analysis problems. Dynamic protection is a new idea to provide long-lasting protection,and making the running software had ability to comprehensive sense the attack threats is the key to explore dynamic protection. A method of software self-sensing based on the improved guard is proposed in this paper. Firstly,classify and extract the features of attack threats; Secondly,design the corresponding improved guards,which have the ability to sense and transmit attack threat information; Then analyze the software dependencies of being protected software and determine the sensed areas; Finally in accordance with minimum cover and multi-level gateway model,layout for the chosen guards. In addition,verified the feasibility and practicability of the method in this paper through a case analysis in detail. This method is helpful to dig the relationship between attack and protection and also lays the foundation for researching on dynamic protection further.

Field of study: Computer science
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Influence of spatial dispersion on reflected second harmonic

An analysis is made of the influence of spatial dispersion on the spectral distribution of a reflected second harmonic. It is shown that the spectrum of the harmonic may exhibit, near the exciton absorption line, an additional maximum at a frequency corresponding to the phase matching between the first (fundamental-frequency) and second harmonic waves. An analysis is made of the possibility of determination of the effective mass of an exciton from the spectral distribution of the intensity of a reflected harmonic.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Synthesis and stereochemistry of (−)-(10s)-6,10-dimethyl-6-aza-δ1,9-octahydroquinoline

Enantiomericalfy pure (−)-(10S)-6,10-dimethyl-6-am-Δ1,9-octahydroquinoline, which has been obtained from optically pure (3S)-1,3-dimethyl-3-(2-cyanoethyl)piperid-4-one, is a chiral intermediate for the preparation of novel biologically active compounds and an analog of piperidine and decahydroquinoline alkaloids. The chiroptical properties of the synthesized 6-azaoctahydroquinoline are examined.

Field of study: Chemistry
Research for Hybrid Networks and It's Construction Strategy Between WLAN and 3G

With the 3G Licenses issued,China's telecommunication has stapped into 3G era.The 3G has brought people with rich and colourful life.By the research of hybrid network 3G and WLAN,the utilization rate can be exert to the most,and it can provide people with the high quality data services,the high rate mobile data services can be developed quick and low cost via the WLAN.

Field of study: Engineering
Wind Turbine Cross-Sectional Stiffness Analysis Using Internally Layered Solid Elements

An efficient finite element modeling approach is presented for analyzing the general cross-sectional stiffness properties and stress distribution of thin- and thick-walled sections with isotropic and general anisotropic materials. The procedure is based on discretizing the walls of the section using a single layer of displacement-based elements whereby the element’s stiffness is obtained using Gaussian quadrature through each layer. The interlaminar stresses are recovered at points of interest via a three-dimensional equilibrium-based postprocessing scheme that uses the distribution of in-plane stress gradients derived in the local laminate coordinate system. The theory is illustrated by application to three composite sections of various shapes and material layups.

Field of study: Physics
Paleomagnetism and geochronology of St. Matthew Island, Bering Sea

Oriented samples from a series of flow units, pyroclastics, tuffs, tuff breccias, and some intrusive rocks from St. Matthew Island were studied paleomagnetically in an attempt to constrain possible paleolatitudes of the Bering Sea shelf. The volcanic sequences have apparently stable magnetic directions and contain a reversed–normal–reversed–normal polarity succession.The Late Cretaceous paleolatitude deduced from the paleomagnetic data was 67°N, and the island has rotated in a clockwise sense by a nominal 10°. This implies that the rocks analyzed were formed about 12 °south of their present location with respect to cratonic North America. These data argue against tectonic models for the Bering Sea shelf region that require large-scale Late Cretaceous and Tertiary latitude changes.New K–Ar age dates combined with previously reported K–Ar ages give a best estimate of the age of the St. Matthew volcanic units of about 78.7 ± 0.4 Ma. The reversed–normal–reversed polarity changes are thought to represent part ...

Field of study: Environmental science
Relative Prices in the UK Personal Sector Money Demand Function

Nonparametric demand analysis is used in order to establish admissible monetary aggregates and also to establish a potential role for relative prices in the money demand function. A conventional money demand specification is then contrasted with a money demand function which contains the relative prices of durables, nondurables, and services as additional regressors. Evidence from long-run cointegration analysis, short-run error correction models, and nonnested testing all confirm a role for relative prices in the U.K. personal sector's money demand function.

Field of study: Economics
Design and Electromagnetic Analysis of a 330 kVA Single-Phase HTS Transformer

This paper focuses on conceptual design and electromagnetic analysis of a single-phase high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power transformer with a capacity of 300 kVA by using GdBCO tapes, which is one-third model of a 1 MVA/10 kV/0.4 kV HTS transformer. The conceptual design consists four parts: iron core, HTS windings, current lead, and cryostat. In the electromagnetic optimization of the 330 kVA HTS transformer windings via finite element method, the influence of winding configurations on the radial magnetic field and the current nonuniformity are considered. The details about the design and optimization of radial magnetic field will be discussed in this study.

Field of study: Physics
Testing homogeneity over time of a parameter of a markov sequence

We develop the score test for the hypothesis that a parameter of a Markov sequence is constant over time, against the alternatives that it varies over time, i.e., θt = θ + Ut; t = 1,2,…, where {Ut; t = 1,2,...} is a sequence of independently and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and variance σz u and θ is a fixed constant. The asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic is proved to be normal. We illustrate our procedure by examples and a real life data analysis.

Field of study: Mathematics
Financing of health care in four Caribbean territories: a comparison with reforms in Europe.

This paper considers health care finance in four Caribbean territories and plans for reform in comparison with developments in European countries, to which these territories are historically linked. European health care reforms are aimed at making resource allocation in health care more efficient and more responsive to consumers' demands and preferences. These reforms in Europe have been continuing without appearing to have influenced the developments in the Caribbean very much, except in Martinique. In Trinidad and Tobago current reform entails delegation of responsibility for providing services to four regional health authorities and no purchaser/provider split at the regional or facility level as in the UK has been implemented. In the Bahamas, managed care arrangements are likely to emerge given the proximity of the United States. Recent universal coverage reform in Martinique was aimed at harmonisation of finance by bringing social security and social aid functions together under one management structure and may provide more opportunities for contracting and other initiatives towards greater efficiency. The first priority in Suriname is to restore proper functioning of the current system. Reforms in the four Caribbean territories have a largely administrative character and affect the organisation of the third party role in health care rather than fundamentally changing the relationship between this third party and the various other parties in health care.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Two episodes of partial melting in ultrahigh-pressure migmatites from deeply subducted continental crust in the Sulu orogen, China

Partial melting plays an important role in the geodynamics of continental subduction zones. This is identified from a suite of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) migmatites in the Sulu orogen through a combined study of zircon U-Pb ages, trace elements, and oxygen isotopes, as well as rock-forming mineral and inclusion compositions. The results indicate two episodes of partial melting in the subducted continental crust during continental collision, providing insights into subduction channel processes. The first episode of anatexis is indicated by the occurrence of nanogranites, not only in zircon, garnet, and monazite from diatexite, but also in zircon cores from leucosome. The anatectic zircon exhibits U-Pb ages of 230−227 Ma and flat rare earth element (REE) patterns with weak or no negative Eu anomalies, and it contains mineral inclusions of coesite and garnet + amphibole. Newly grown zircon grains in the diatexite and zircon cores in the leucosome exhibit high δ 18 O values of 8.3‰−17.3‰, indicating a metasedimentary protolith. The host rocks show high A/CNK (= molar ratio of Al 2 O 3 /[CaO + Na 2 O + K 2 O]) values and the occurrence of peritectic garnet in the diatexite. Thus, the diatexite was produced by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks. The Ti-in-zircon thermometry, the garnet-phengite Fe-Mg partition thermometry for mineral inclusions in the zircon, and the occurrence of coesite inclusions in zircon indicate partial melting at 650−800 °C and 2.5−3.0 GPa, corresponding to high-pressure (HP) to UHP conditions. On the other hand, the second episode of anatexis is recorded by newly grown zircon grains in metatexite and zircon rims in leucosome, which show U-Pb ages of 218−214 Ma, oscillatory zoning, steep heavy (H) REE patterns with negative Eu anomalies, low temperatures of 550−700 °C, and significant variations in Th, U, Nb, and Ta contents. The Zr-in-titanite thermometry for nanogranite-bearing titanite and the garnet-phengite Fe-Mg partition thermometry for mineral inclusions in the leucosome zircon rims indicate anatexis at 800−850 °C and 1.0−1.5 GPa. The zircon in the metatexite exhibits low δ 18 O values of −1.5‰−3.5‰ and Neoproterozoic U-Pb ages for relict magmatic cores, indicating the protolith of a low δ 18 O UHP metagranite. The two episodes of anatexis yield zircon domains with a series of differences not only in U-Pb age, but also in geochemical composition. Thus, protoliths with different origins were involved in the anatexis, with a possible difference in spatial positions. The UHP metasedimentary rocks atop the deeply subducted continental crust would have undergone the first episode of anatexis during the final subduction, whereas their underlying metagranite would have undergone the second episode of anatexis during the exhumation of deeply subducted crust. In either case, the breakdown of UHP hydrous minerals during exhumation is the key for the partial melting of UHP metamorphic rocks in the continental subduction channel.

Field of study: Geology
High-time resolution radiographic technique for studying nanostructures with the use of synchrotron radiation

A high-time resolution radiographic technique for studying nanostructures using synchrotron radiation is described. A new modification of the methods, which makes it possible to perform large-scale X-ray diffraction analysis of structures of organic crystals, is proposed. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained in test experiments on a number of biological samples are presented.

Field of study: Physics
Upper Triassic salt deposits of the western North Atlantic

The Amoco–Imp–Skelly Osprey H-84 well, located in the Carson Subbasin on the eastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland, penetrated 2054 m of evaporites consisting almost exclusively of halite. These are dated palynologically as Carnian–Norian to Hettangian–Sinemurian and establish the occurrence of Upper Triassic evaporites on the western side of the North Atlantic. A lateral-fractionation model is proposed to explain the progressive decrease in less soluble evaporitic minerals west of the western periphery of Tethys. According to this model, slow and intermittent encroachment of the sea into the developing intracontinental graben system occurred after initial rifting. This encroachment took place in a hot and arid climatic zone and led to the brines becoming progressively depleted in less soluble salts towards the distal margins of the basin system. The similarity in composition of the Upper Triassic evaporitic sequences on the Grand Banks and in the Lusitanian Basin indicates that the two areas were close at ...

Field of study: Environmental science
Uranyl-organic complexes: structure symbols, classification of carboxylates, and uranyl polyhedral geometries

A system of structure symbols to classify and group uranyl-organic complexes is devised. The method is applied to describe 604 published structures of uranyl-organic complexes, then to consider the complex chemistry of uranyl carboxylates. A review of the uranyl-organic structural units in monocarboxylates, polycarboxylates and mixed carboxylates is provided. The uranyl (U–O) and equatorial bond lengths are considered for well-refined structures and their trends are briefly discussed.

Field of study: Materials science
Numerical analysis on high frequency characteristics of inner slotted rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave circuit

The software MWS(microwave studio) which is provided by the CST company in German was introduced to simulate and calculate dispersion relation and coupling impedance.The high frequency characteristics of the inner slotted rectangular waveguide grating was simulated.The results indicate that the slotted rectangular waveguide grating has lower phase-velocity than the un-slotted one.When it is used as the slow-wave structure of the traveling wave tube,the operating voltage decreases,and the coupling impedance also decreases but it lies above 45 Ω,which satisfies the need of millimeter wave traveling wave tube(TWT).Meanwhile,keeping the inner slotted width constant,it is very useful to increase the groove-depth,grating-spacmg and grating-period for improving the phase velocity of system.The present analysis will be helpful to further study and design of this kind RF system used in millimeter wave TWT.

Field of study: Physics