nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
New approach to data rectification of hybrid systems

For hybrid systems which incorporate both dynamic and discrete event models in process industries, the models of material balance would be changed because of frequent scheme switch. The redundancy degree of the whole sensor network is time variant so that the traditional data reconciliation methods could hardly be used in practical processes. In this paper a new approach of data reconciliation for hybrid systems is proposed. For those nodes where the discrete scheduling events might happen, scheduling-equations are established and added to the models. So the new data reconciliation model with parameters of random scheduling-equations could be built. In this way, the model’s redundancy is improved, which enhances the solvability of the data reconciliation problem. Then its optimal solution could be obtained by using a reconciliation algorithm with uncertain models. Some simulations of the simplified model for a refinery are given and a comparison is made between the proposed approach and previous researches. The simulations results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Wigner symmetry, Large Nc and Renormalized One Boson Exchange Potential

Wigner symmetry in Nuclear Physics provides a unique example of a non-perturbative long distance symmetry, a symmetry strongly broken at short distances. We analyse the consequences of such a concept within the framework of One Boson Exchange Potentials in NN scattering and keeping the leading Nc contributions. Phenomenologically successful relations between singlet 1S0 and triplet 3S1 scattering phase shifts are provided in the entire elastic region. We establish symmetry breaking relations among non-central phase shifts which are successfully fulfilled by even-L partial waves and strongly violated by odd-L partial waves, in full agreement with large Nc requirements.

Field of study: Physics
Physical Properties of UV-cured Epoxy Nanocomposite Films

Cationic UV-curing of a cycloaliphatic epoxy proceeds efficiently at room temperature, resulting in a highly crosslinked polymer network exhibiting the same excellent physical properties as obtained by thermal curing. However, the highly crosslinked rigid polymer network generally shows undesirable brittleness. Therefore, in this study, three kinds of reactive diluents, one epoxy and two polyols, were tested to prepare a cycloaliphatic epoxy film with reasonable physical properties by cationic UV-curing. Also, effects of nanosilica on the physical properties of the epoxy film were investigated. FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the UV-curing behaviour of the epoxy resin systems. Amongst the diluents enhanced UV-curing rate and final conversion levels, the epoxy diluent was the most effective. The tensile properties of the epoxy films were investigated by UTM. At a fixed diluent content of 30 phr, the film with the epoxy diluent showed best tensile strength. The film with the epoxy diluent 40 phr showed optimum tensile properties. The film with the epoxy diluent 40 phr showed further enhanced tensile properties at the nanosilica content 0.05 phr.

Field of study: Materials science
Foreign Person Names and Chinese Person Names Recognition in Chinese Texts

Foreign person name (FP-name) and Chinese person name (CP-name) candidates are generated according to their inherent characteristics. Then add all candidates into the segmentation digraph of a sentence as vertices and assign a weight to each edge of the digraph with statistics derived from the training corpus. Thus the shortest path of the digraph is exactly the correct segmentation of the sentence. When select the correct segmentation of the sentence, FP-names and CP-names can be recognized. The proposed method can avoid person name errors brought up by segmentation. The experimental result shows the F value is 97.30% in close test.

Field of study: Computer science
Structure of a Nudix protein from Pyrobaculum aerophilum reveals a dimer with two intersubunit beta-sheets.

Nudix proteins, formerly called MutT homolog proteins, are a large family of proteins that play an important role in reducing the accumulation of potentially toxic compounds inside the cell. They hydrolyze a wide variety of substrates that are mainly composed of a nucleoside diphosphate linked to some other moiety X and thus are called Nudix hydrolases. Here, the crystal structure of a Nudix hydrolase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum is reported. The structure was determined by the single-wavelength anomalous scattering method with data collected at the peak anomalous wavelength of an iridium-derivatized crystal. It reveals an extensive dimer interface, with each subunit contributing two strands to the beta-sheet of the other subunit. Individual subunits consist of a mixed highly twisted and curved beta-sheet of 11 beta-strands and two alpha-helices, forming an alpha-beta-alpha sandwich. The conserved Nudix box signature motif, which contains the essential catalytic residues, is located at the first alpha-helix and the beta-strand and loop preceding it. The unusually short connections between secondary-structural elements, together with the dimer form of the structure, are likely to contribute to the thermostability of the P. aerophilum Nudix protein.

Field of study: Chemistry
Natural history, biogeography, and endangerment of Hawaiian dry forest trees

We describe the floristic composition of Hawaiian dry forest trees and identify natural history characteristics and biogeographic variables that are associated with risk of endangerment. Hawaiian dry forests are comprised of 109 tree species in 29 families, with 90% of all species endemic, 10% indigenous, and 37% single-island endemics. Forty-five percent of Hawaiian dry forest taxa are at risk of endangerment. Dry forest taxa at risk have a significantly larger range size compared to taxa from other Hawaiian forest types. Dispersal mechanism was a significant predictor of a species occurrence in dry forest compared to other forest types based on logistic regressions clustered by lineage. Among dry forest taxa, hermaphroditic breeding systems, autochorous dispersal mechanisms, conspicuous flowers, and dry fruit were all more likely to be at risk of endangerment. When analyses were clustered by lineage using logistic regressions, only dispersal mechanism and flower size were significant predictors of risk and taxa with autochorous dispersal and conspicuous flowers were more likely to be at risk. The Big Island, Maui, Oahu, and Kauai all have remarkably similar numbers of dry forest taxa (63–65 species) and dry forest taxa at risk of endangerment. However, Big Island and Kauai have the highest number and percentage of single-island endemics. These results demonstrate patterns of endangerment specific to Hawaiian dry forests, the high levels of endangerment in this forest type, and the importance of prioritizing conservation in dry forest regions.

Field of study: Environmental science
Using non-smooth models to determine thresholds for microbial pest management

Releasing infectious pests could successfully control and eventually maintain the number of pests below a threshold level. To address this from a mathematical point of view, two non-smooth microbial pest-management models with threshold policy are proposed and investigated in the present paper. First, we establish an impulsive model with state-dependent control to describe the cultural control strategies, including releasing infectious pests and spraying chemical pesticide. We examine the existence and stability of an order-1 periodic solution, the existence of order-k periodic solutions and chaotic phenomena of this model by analyzing the properties of the Poincaré map. Secondly, we establish and analyze a Filippov model. By examining the sliding dynamics, we investigate the global stability of both the pseudo-equilibria and regular equilibria. The findings suggest that we can choose appropriate threshold levels and control intensity to maintain the number of pests at or below the economic threshold. The modelling and control outcomes presented here extend the results for the system with impulsive interventions at fixed moments.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Reliability characteristics of high-k dielectrics

In this paper, recent results of Weibull slopes, area scaling factors, and breakdown behaviors observed for both soft breakdown and hard breakdown are discussed. These results would help to shed light on the breakdown mechanism of HfO 2 gate dielectrics. The Weibull slope β of the hard breakdown for both the area dependence and the time-to-dielectric-breakdown distribution was found to be β =2, whereas that of the soft breakdown was about 1.4 (EOT=14 A). We also integrated the time-to-breakdown characteristics of HfO 2 under unipolar AC voltage stress on MOS capacitors. The results show that longer lifetime of HfO 2 has been observed when compared to constant voltage stress. Higher frequency and lower duty cycle in the AC stress resulted in longer lifetime. As thickness decreases, the amount of lifetime enhancement decreases. The enhancement of unipolar t BD is attributed to less charge trapping during the “on time”, t on and charge detrapping during the off time, t off . It is proposed that time ( τ in ) for charge to be trapped in HfO 2 is longer than t on of unipolar stress under high frequency. In addition to experimental results, possible solutions are discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Bundling as an optimal selling mechanism for a multiple-good monopolist

Multiple objects may be sold by posting a schedule consisting of one price for each possible bundle and permitting the buyer to select the price–bundle pair of his choice. We identify conditions that must be satisfied by any price schedule that maximizes revenue within the class of all such schedules. We then provide conditions under which a price schedule maximizes expected revenue within the class of all incentive compatible and individually rational mechanisms in the n -object case. We use these results to characterize environments, mainly distributions of valuations, where bundling is the optimal mechanism in the two and three good cases.

Field of study: Economics
Study of Hybrid Tree Index and Database Engineer on Spatial Data

This paper discusses some key technologies about Spatial Database System,optimizes the spatial index,designs a hybrid tree based on R-tree and 2K tree and the efficiency of spatial data access is improved.Simultaneity,a spatial database engineer based on OpenGIS criterion and this hybrid tree has been implemented,it can manage the spatial data availability and guarantee the share of data and connective of operator,and this SDE has a good performance in our experiment.

Field of study: Computer science
Quench performance of Fermilab model magnets for the LHC inner triplet quadrupoles

As part of the US LHC program to develop high gradient superconducting quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions, a series of 2 meter long model magnets has been built and tested at Fermilab. This R&D program was used to refine the mechanical and magnetic design, optimize fabrication and assembly tooling and ensure adequate quench performance. The final design, fabrication, and assembly procedures developed in this program have produced magnets which meet the LHC requirements of operating at 215 T/m with excellent magnetic field harmonics. This paper summarizes the test results of the last five model magnets, including quench tests over several thermal cycles, and excitation current ramp rate and temperature dependence studies.

Field of study: Physics
Evaluation Method for Clean Production of Magnesium Industry with Pidgeon Process

Based on the related statistics data,national industry standard as well as the expert consultancy in magnesium industry,the standard values in four grades involving international advanced level,domestic advanced level,general domestic level and eliminated level were identified.Weight coefficient of indexes was determined by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)which can directly and effectively combine the expert advice with analyst judgment.Based on the foundation, the fuzzy set mathematics was applied to the quantitative analysis,with the degree of clean production and weak connections distinguished by using the maximum membership principle.

Field of study: Environmental science
Commentary: studies on binge-like ethanol drinking may help to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the transition to dependence.

The goals of this commentary are to discuss the important contributions of the work by Kaur and colleagues titled "Corticotropin-releasing factor acting on corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 is critical for binge alcohol drinking in mice," published in this issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, and to highlight the importance of preclinical research aimed at identifying the neurobiology of binge ethanol drinking.



The work by Kaur and colleagues provides an important extension of previous pharmacological evidence implicating the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type-1 receptor (CRF1R) in binge-like ethanol drinking by verifying the role of the CRF1R using genetic tools, and by establishing that CRF, but not urocortin 1 (Ucn1), is the primary neuropeptide associated with the CRF system that modulates binge-like ethanol drinking in C57BL/6J mice.



It is suggested that the evidence for a critical role of the CRF1R in excessive ethanol intake observed in both models of binge-like ethanol drinking and dependence-like ethanol intake indicates that overlapping mechanisms may be involved, and that studies that employ models of binge-like ethanol drinking may provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the transition to ethanol dependence.

Field of study: Medicine
Shipmate Networks and Black Identities in the Marriage Files of Montevideo, 1768–1803

Caribbean Studies, and the Laney Graduate School at Emory University. My research was also supported by Mellon fellowships from the Council of Library and Information Resources and the Social Science Research Council.. I thank David Eltis for his advice and Susan Socolow and Arturo Bentancur for sharing with me their research. My gratitude goes to George Reid Andrews, Alejandro de la Fuente, and the two anonymous readers for HAHR. I would also like to thank Mónica Sarachu, the archivist of the Archive of the Archbishopric of Montevideo.

Field of study: History
Comparative Transcriptome Reveals the Genes’ Adaption to Herkogamy of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt

Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt is among the most endangered mangrove species in China. The morphology and evolution of L. littorea flowers have received substantial attention for their crucial reproductive functions. However, little is known about the genomic regulation of flower development in L. littorea. In this study, we characterized the morphology of two kinds of L. littorea flowers and performed comparative analyses of transcriptome profiles of the two different flowers. Morphological observation showed that some flowers have a column embedded in the petals while others produce a stretched flower style during petal unfolding in flowering. By using RNA-seq, we obtained 138,857 transcripts that were assembled into 82,833 unigenes with a mean length of 1055.48 bp. 82,834 and 34,997 unigenes were assigned to 52 gene ontology (GO) functional groups and 364 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. A total of 4,267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,794 transcription factors (TFs), were identified between two types of flowers. These TFs are mainly involved in bHLH, B3, bZIP, MYB-related, and NAC family members. We further validated that 12 MADS-box genes, including 4 MIKC-type and 8 M-type TFs, were associated with the pollinate of L. littorea by herkogamy. Our current results provide valuable information for genetic analysis of L. littorea flowering and may be useful for illuminating its adaptive evolutionary mechanisms.

Field of study: Biology
Determination of Global DNA Methylation in Biological Samples by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modifications. Global genomic DNA hypomethylation is considered to induce chromosome instability and high incidence of genetic mutation, which is closely related to the emergence and development of cancer. In this study, a method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to determine global DNA methylation ratios in various biological samples. DNA was extracted from the samples and hydrolyzed by three specific enzymes into single nucleosides. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of 2'-deoxycytidine and 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine respectively, so as to calculate the global DNA methylation ratios. The developed method was further used to explore the global DNA methylation ratios in normal human liver cell L-02 exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and plasma samples of 10 hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 10 healthy participants as controls. This approach has high sensitivity and stability, and is easy to be operated, enabling us to analyze the global DNA methylation ratios in various biological samples, especially those valuable samples (such as serum, plasma et al.) with extremely low concentration of DNA.

Field of study: Chemistry
Coaxial configuration of Bi-2212 textured ceramics: a possibility for improved current leads

The simultaneous improvement of the critical current and the minimization of the heat conductivity of thin Bi-2212 textured ceramics at high temperatures has been attempted on small diameter, thin walled superconducting tubes. Laser floating melting zone technologies have been used to fabricate cylindrical tubes of textured ceramic. Moreover, the feasibility of larger performances in current lead devices using a coaxial configuration of conductors with currents flowing in opposite directions has been experimentally and theoretically analyzed.

Field of study: Physics
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in an Online Shop: An Experiential Marketing Perspective

The rapid development of the Internet has facilitated the proliferation of online stores. How businesses can seize this enormous business opportunity and survive intense competition is an important issue. Based on strategic experiential modules (SEMs), including sense, feel, think, act, and relate, this study attempted to explore the type of experience preferred by consumers of lativ, a well-known low-cost apparel brand in Taiwan, and further examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Results showed that perceptions of experiential marketing differed significantly on some demographic variable; experiential marketing was positively related to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; customer satisfaction and customer loyalty were positively related; and experiential marketing was a significant predictor of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The empirical results about experiential marketing were obtained from the online apparel retail industry.

Field of study: Business
Polymorphism within the tumor necrosis factor receptor H ( TNFR II ) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in hunan province

To investigate the association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han population from Hunan province of China and polymorphism located at the position nt587 in the tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ ( TNFR Ⅱ ) gene. Correlation analysis was performed in a case-control of 100 AS cases and 100 healthy control.The SNPs located in the TNFR Ⅱ gene ( TNFR Ⅱ nt587 ) was examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).With the SPSS software,the relationship between AS and frequencies of genotype and alleles in TNFR Ⅱ nt587 were analyzed. There were 43 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/T genotype,32 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/G genotype and 25 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype in the AS cases.While in the healthy control,there were 56 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/T genotype,34 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/G genotype and 10 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype.At the same times,the allele frequencies of G in AS group was significantly higher ( x2 =8.734,P=0.003 ) than the control group (41.0％ vs.27.0％ ).The odds ratio in AS cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype was 3.256,which higher than those with G/G ( OR =1.226) genotype and T/T genotype compared the healthy control. The study demonstrates that polymorphism within the TNFR Ⅱ at the position nt587 is associated with AS and TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G may play an important role in AS susceptibility,and TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype may increase the sicken risk of AS in Hunan population. 
 
 
Ankylosing spondylitis;  TNFR;  Gene polymorphism

Field of study: Biology
Was Hobbes een rechtspositivist

In Thomas van Aquino’s Over de wet komt een uitspraak voor die volgens velen de kern uitdrukt van de traditie van natuurrechtsdenken. Deze uitspraak luidt dat een onrechtvaardige wet geen wet is – lex iniusta non est lex.1 Strikt genomen is de formulering van deze uitspraak enigszins ongelukkig. Zij suggereert dat iets een wet kan zijn en toch ook weer niet. Het is echter eenvoudig deze tegenstrijdigheid weg te nemen. Aquino stelt dat een regel pas de status van wet kan verkrijgen indien deze regel rechtvaardig is, dat wil zeggen: in overeenstemming is met de natuurwetten. Een onrechtvaardige regel is geen wet. Daarmee is niet gezegd dat de wettelijke status van een regel uitsluitend afhankelijk is van de rechtvaardigheid ervan. De regel moet bijvoorbeeld ook bekendgemaakt en uitgevaardigd zijn door de  Maar al is de rechtvaardigheid geen voldoende voorwaarde om een regel de status van wet te kunnen verlenen, het is wel een noodzakelijke voorwaarde. Een regel die onrechtvaardig is, kan geen wet zijn, of in ieder geval geen wet zijn in de volledige betekenis van dat woord. In 1832 wijst de Britse rechtsfilosoof John Austin deze opvatting in een lange voetnoot in The province of jurisprudence determined van de hand.3 R&R 2002 / 2

Field of study: Philosophy
Nonlinear Space-time Multiuser Detector Based on Non-Gaussian Channels

A space-time nonlinear receiver for a DS-CDMA synchronous channel is proposed for jointly mitigating impulsive noise and multiple access interference.The proposed scheme combines linear decorrelators and antenna arrays with nonlinear front ends based on the Affinity Matched Myriad nonlinear filter.This Myriad filter is incorporated to combat the impulsive noise and prevent it from entering the system.The proposed detector also incorporates a structure for estimating the impulsive noise parameter in order to update a filter parameter called the nonlinearity parameter.The simulation results of the proposed space-time receiver are presented to justify the relative merits of nonlinear signal processing in the space-time domain.

Field of study: Engineering
Comment on the paper "Puncoviscana folded belt in northwestern Argentina: testimony of Late Proterozoic Rodinia fragmentation and pre-Gondwana collisional episodes" by Omarini et al.

Omarini et al. (1999) presented a petrogenetic model for the tectonic setting of the Puncoviscana belt in NW Argentina, based on new data for the Precambrian-Eocambrian stratigraphy and for geochemical data of volcanic rocks, intercalated in the Puncoviscana Formation. The authors interpreted the recent gravity field in view of the geological history of the area. In contrast to their opinion, which is strongly biased towards the terrane concept, we present a different view, which is based on radiometric age data and investigations of lithology and pressure–temperature (P–T) -data of the high-grade basement in NW Argentina and N Chile. In our concept, the area is best described as a mobile belt of Brasiliano age, which is adjacent to the Grenvillian cratonic Arequipa-Uyarani area in the north.

Field of study: Environmental science