nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired hepatic insulin signalling in PON2-deficient mice: a novel role for the PON2/apoE axis on the macrophage inflammatory response.

Hepatic glucose metabolism is strongly influenced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. PON2 (paraoxonase 2), an enzyme with undefined antioxidant properties, protects against atherosclerosis. PON2-deficient (PON2-def) mice have elevated hepatic oxidative stress coupled with an exacerbated inflammatory response from PON2-deficient macrophages. In the present paper, we demonstrate that PON2 deficiency is associated with inhibitory insulin-mediated phosphorylation of hepatic IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1). Unexpectedly, we observed a marked improvement in the hepatic IRS-1 phosphorylation state in PON2-def/apoE (apolipoprotein E)(-/-) mice, relative to apoE(-/-) mice. Factors secreted from activated macrophage cultures derived from PON2-def and PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice are sufficient to modulate insulin signalling in cultured hepatocytes in a manner similar to that observed in vivo. We show that the protective effect on insulin signalling in PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice is directly associated with altered production of macrophage pro-inflammatory mediators, but not elevated intracellular oxidative stress levels. We further present evidence that modulation of the macrophage inflammatory response in PON2-def/apoE(-/-) mice is mediated by a shift in the balance of NO and ONOO(-) (peroxynitrite) formation. Our results demonstrate that PON2 plays an important role in hepatic insulin signalling and underscores the influence of macrophage-mediated inflammatory response on hepatic insulin sensitivity.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Life History and the Irish Migrant Experience in Post-War England. By Barry Hazley. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2020, xvi + 253pp. ISBN 978-1-5261-2800-3, £80

This work is a refreshing analysis of the Irish in England that keeps the Irish people themselves in the foreground. As Hazley rightly points out in his introduction, the history of the Irish in England has repeatedly been told through the prism of political events, and as a result, the human dimension has been somewhat lost. By using oral histories and the innovative use of Popular Memory Theory, a first for studies in the Irish Diaspora, Hazley ensures that those Irish who migrated during the post-war years are front and centre in this history, allowing an insight into the psychological adjustments of an Irish migrant in England during this period.

Field of study: History
qing long bai wei zhen fa dui st duan gai bian de liao xiao guan cha

目的 观察青龙摆尾针法对ST段改变的疗效.方法 将60例患者随机分为手法组和药物组,每组30例.手法组选手厥阴心包经、手少阴心经腧穴,以内关穴为主,结合辨证分型选穴,予以青龙摆尾手法治疗;药物组口服复方丹参滴丸,比较两组患者总有效率和治疗前后心率、血压、24 h动态心电图的变化.结果 手法组总有效率96.7%(29/30),优于药物组73.3%(22/30,P<0.05);两组治疗后心率、收缩...

Field of study: Medicine
Post-quantum zero knowledge in constant rounds

We construct a constant-round zero-knowledge classical argument for NP secure against quantum attacks. We assume the existence of Quantum Fully-Homomorphic Encryption and other standard primitives, known based on the Learning with Errors Assumption for quantum algorithms. As a corollary, we also obtain a constant-round zero-knowledge quantum argument for QMA. At the heart of our protocol is a new no-cloning non-black-box simulation technique.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Reliability of lead-free solder in power module with stochastic uncertainty

The weak point for Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules in terms of reliability is thermal fatigue in solder joints due to the thermal stress induced by constitutive materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). Now, many researches aimed to define accurate finite element simulation with constitutive equations of material behavior and fatigue failure relation connecting the inelastic strain and the number of cycles before failure. Even when these relations are clearly identified, the validation of the finite element model is difficult due to the scatter of input data. In fact, fatigue life of solder joints strongly depends on geometric shape, solders behavior (due to the process) and applied load. The aim of this article is to estimate the probability of failure of power module with structural reliability methods by considering geometric, material and loading variables as random variables. Since in a non-linear context, the finite element calls are expensive in terms of computer run time, an FE strategy is proposed here to replace conventional 3D mesh of layer by 3D-shell. To reduce computation time, response surface method, which approximates the output strain with respect to input random variable (RV) with the design of experiment (DOE) procedure, is used to perform reliability analysis. This reponse surface allows at the end to perform Monte Carlo random simulation process for fitting Weibull and fatigue life distribution on the output inelastic strain.

Field of study: Engineering
False start: the 1956 Palestinian refugee movement to Canada

In 1955, responding to a recommendation by Chargé d’Affaires, Elizabeth MacCallum at the Canadian Legation in Beirut, Minister of External Affairs Pearson and the Cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St-Laurent agreed to an unofficial UNRWA request to resettle a small number of Palestinian refugees in Canada. An interdepartmental committee was charged with coordinating the movement, which was planned well but executed poorly. This paper examines its planning and operations, along with the perceptions and assumptions of the committee, MacCallum, her staff and the official who traveled to Lebanon and Jordan to interview the refugees. It also delves into the complex reaction of Arab states and Palestinians to the idea, and the delicate situation UNRWA found itself in. Finally, it explores the operational failures and external factors that led one official to label the operation “an ill-fated scheme”. Finally, it reflects on the surprising number of issues in the political context that remain relevant to today.

Field of study: Political science
Supply-chain environmental effects of wastewater utilities

This letter describes a comprehensive modeling framework and the Wastewater-Energy Sustainability Tool (WWEST) designed for conducting hybrid life-cycle assessments of the wastewater collection, treatment, and discharge infrastructure in the United States. Results from a case study treatment plant which produces electricity using methane offgas are discussed. The case study system supplements influent with 'high-strength organic waste' to augment electricity production. The system balance is 55 kg of greenhouse gases per million liters of wastewater. Sensitivity analysis confirms that reusing biogas from anaerobic digestion for electricity reduces life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions by nine times. When biogas is captured and reused for electricity, material production (e.g., chemicals and pipes) and the corresponding supply chains, rather than energy production, are responsible for most of the environmental effects. When biogas is flared, the material and energy production contributions are similar.

Field of study: Environmental science
Distributed analysis and filtering of application event streams

Large information systems comprise different interconnected hardware and software components, that collectively generate large volumes of data. Furthermore, the run-time analysis of such data involves computationally expensive algorithms, and is pivotal to a number of software engineering activities such as, system understanding, diagnostics, and root cause analysis. In a quest to increase the performance of run-time analysis for large sets of logged data, we present an approach that allows for the real time reduction of one or more event streams by utilizing a set of filtering criteria. More specifically, the approach employs a similarity measure that is based on information theory principles, and is applied between the features of the incoming events, and the features of a set of retrieved or constructed events, that we refer to as beacons. The proposed approach is domain and event schema agnostic, can handle infinite data streams using a caching algorithm, and can be parallelized in order to tractably process high volume, high frequency, and high variability data. Experimental results obtained using the KDD’99 and CTU-13 labeled data sets, indicate that the approach is scalable, and can yield highly reduced sets with high recall values with respect to a use case.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Behavioral couples and family therapy for substance abusers

Behavioral couples therapy (BCT) sees the substanceabusing patient with the spouse to arrange a daily "sobriety contract" in which the patient states his or her intent not to drink or use drugs, and the spouse expresses support for the patient’s efforts to stay abstinent. For patients taking a recovery-related medication (eg, disulfiram, naltrexone), daily medication ingestion witnessed and verbally reinforced by the spouse also is part of the contract. Behavioral couples therapy also teaches communication and increases positive activities. Findings of the past few years have added considerably to the evidence base showing that BCT produces greater abstinence and better relationship functioning than typical individual-based treatment; BCT also reduces social costs and domestic violence. Noteworthy recent advances have extended the positive effects of BCT to women drug abusers, showed the indirect benefits of BCT for the couple’s children, expanded BCT to include family members other than spouses, integrated BCT with pharmacotherapy, and started to address barriers to technology transfer.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Combined U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry of detrital zircons from early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block, Antarctica

U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology from the upper Cambrian to Devonian part of the Ellsworth Mountains succession, Antarctica, yields dominant late Mesoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian age populations that are onsistent with a provenance from within Gondwana. Hf isotope compositions reveal a source predominantly within west Gondwana and identify a change in provenance up-stratigraphy that coincides with the change of sedimentation setting from active rift to passive margin, which has been independently determined by stratigraphic, 
structural, and geochemical arguments. For the Late Cambrian Frasier Ridge Formation, late Mesoproterozoic grains have positive eHf values, suggesting derivation from juvenile crust, and late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian 
grains have eHf values greater than –5, consistent with remelting of similar juvenile late Mesoproterozoic crust during the Pan African–Ross orogenies. Provenance during rifting was from proximal sources from within west Gondwana, most likely, southernmost Africa and basement to the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block. At higher stratigraphic levels where deposition occurred along a passive margin, in the early Ordovician Mount Twiss Member and middle Devonian Mount Wyatt Earp Formation, late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian grains have eHf values less than –5; this means that early Mesoproterozoic–Archean crust was remelted to generate these zircons. Provenance was from a more expansive source region within west Gondwana, and probably included the Kaapvaal and Congo cratons of south and west Africa. Isolated outcrops of sedimentary rock of uncertain age at Mount Woollard and the Whitmore Mountains have detrital zircon signatures similar to the Frasier Ridge Formation, suggesting correlation with these Late Cambrian deposits. Sedimentary rock from the Stewart Hills contains some late Mesoproterozoic grains with lower eHf values than the previously mentioned samples. This suggests that the Stewart Hills sample has a provenance from within east Gondwana and was possibly deposited on the East Antarctic craton prior to the Ross orogeny and is not part of the displaced Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains crustal block.

Field of study: Geology
Effects of Polygonatum polysaccharides on antioxidation and neurotransmitter in exercise fatigue rats

Effects of Polygonatum polysaccharide on anti-oxidation and central neurotransmitters in exercise training rats were investigated.  50 rats were randomly divided into quiet group, exercise group, Polygonatum polysaccharide in small, moderate and hige dose group. A rat model of long-term loaded training was established in all the other groups except the quiet group. Polygonatum polysaccharide was give 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 g/kg respectively in Polygonatum polysaccharide groups while equal dose of saline was given in the quiet group and exercise group. Blood and tissue specimens were immediately collected after the last training. Serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA), serotonin(5-HT) and dopamine(DA) in the brain were determined.  Polygonatum polysaccharide can significantly improve the SOD activity and decrease the MDA content in serum, and decrease the production of 5-HT and increase DA content in the brain of exercise fatigue rats, thereby delaying the occurenct of fatigue.  Polygonatum polysaccharide can inhibit the lipid peroxidation, adjust the contents of 5-HT and DA in the brain, and play a role in delaying exercise-induced peripheral fatige and central fatigue.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Marketing Mix Practices in the Cultural Industry

This research studies marketing mix and its elements – especially the Four Ps including product, price, place and promotion- in the cultural industry. It reviews the concept of marketing mix and deals with its elements and then, studies in brief the impact of each element on the success of cultural industry. Since the development of cultural and art activities is significantly considered in the globalization process today, marketing managers in cultural fields should investigate deeply the target cultural consumers' understanding, preferences and perception. It is understandable because marketing strategies can indeed determine appropriate strategies in cultural fields to offer the best services in the most beneficiary way for both parts of businesses. Hence, taking account the importance of its elements in absorbing cultural buyers and keeping them satisfied should be the central concern for all marketing managers in the cultural market.

Field of study: Business
What influences climate and glacier change in southwestern China

The subject of climate change in the areas of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Himalayas has taken on increasing importance because of available water resources from their mountain glaciers. Many of these glaciers over the region have been retreating, while some are advancing and stable. Other studies report that some glaciers in the Himalayas show acceleration on their shrinkage. However, the causes of the glacier meltings are still difficult to grasp because of the complexity of climatic change and its influence on glacier issues. However, it is vital that we pursue further study to enable the future prediction on glacier changes.

Field of study: Environmental science
[Expression of structural and non-structural proteins of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus].

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus, causing a life-threatening illness associated with the symptoms of severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome. The sequence and structure of the genome have already been illustrated in previous study. However, the characteristics and function of the structure and non-structure proteins is still unclear. In this study, we identified the density of the purified SFTSV virions as 1.135 g/mL in sucrose solution. Using RT-PCR method, we amplified the full coding sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp), glycoprotein precursor (M), glycoprotein n (Gn), glycoprotein c (Gc), nuclear protein (NP) and non structural protein (NSs) of SFTSV (strain HB29). Respectively inserted the target genes into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA5/FRT or VR1012, the target protein in 293T cell were successfully expressed. By analyzing the SFTSV virions in SDS-PAGE and using recombinant viral proteins with SFTS patients sera in Western blotting and Immunofluorescent assay, the molecule weight of structure and non-structure proteins of SFTSV were defined. The study provides the first step to understand the molecular characteristics of SFTSV.

Field of study: Biology
Investigation on the Effective Case Carbon Content of Carburizing Gears

The series of hardenability curves and reference carbon content curves of the effective case of several typical carburizing steel for gear were abtained by hadenability tests.The effects of the chemical composition of steel ,dimension of the workpieces and quenching severity on the reference carbon content were discussed.This will be very useful for designing carbon content of the effective case of carburizing gear.

Field of study: Materials science
Line Profiles of Cores within Clusters. I. The Anatomy of a Filament

Observations are revealing the ubiquity of filamentary structures in molecular clouds. As cores are often embedded in filaments, it is important to understand how line profiles from such systems differ from those of isolated cores. We perform radiative transfer calculations on a hydrodynamic simulation of a molecular cloud in order to model line emission from collapsing cores embedded in filaments. We model two optically thick lines, CS(2-1) and HCN(1-0), and one optically thin line, N2H+(1-0), from three embedded cores. In the hydrodynamic simulation, gas self-gravity, turbulence, and bulk flows create filamentary regions within which cores form. Though the filaments have large dispersions, the N2H+(1-0) lines indicate subsonic velocities within the cores. We find that the observed optically thick line profiles of CS(2-1) and HCN(1-0) vary drastically with viewing angle. In over 50% of viewing angles, there is no sign of a blue asymmetry, an idealized signature of infall motions in an isolated spherical collapsing core. Profiles that primarily trace the cores, with little contribution from the surrounding filament, are characterized by a systematically higher HCN(1-0) peak intensity. The N2H+(1-0) lines do not follow this trend. We demonstrate that red asymmetric profiles are also feasible in the optically thick lines, due to emission from the filament or one-sided accretion flows onto the core. We conclude that embedded cores may frequently undergo collapse without showing a blue asymmetric profile, and that observational surveys including filamentary regions may underestimate the number of collapsing cores if based solely on profile shapes of optically thick lines.

Field of study: Physics
Measurement of dissolved H2 concentrations in methanogenic environments with a gas diffusion probe

A probe for the measurement of dissolved H2 in anoxic methanogenic environment was developed. The probe was based on the diffusion of dissolved H2 through a silicone membrane into a gas space at the end of the probe. This gas space was flushed with N2 and analyzed gaschromatographically for H2. The probe was calibrated in aqueous solutions of the known gas space was flushed The detection limit was about 7 nM H2, the depth resolution of vertical profiles was about 5–10 min. The probe could also be used to measure dissolved CH4 and CO. The probe allowed the measurement of in situ concentrations of dissolved H2 that were unbiased by eventual effects of an extraction procedure on the steady state between production and consumption of H2. However, it could not be implanted into the environment for periods longer than hours because of dramatically increased H2 signals due to microbial growth on the silicon membrane. The probe was used to measure vertical profiles of dissolved H2 and CH4 in cores of the deep sediment of Lake Constance and of anoxic paddy soil. The vertical CH4 profiles measured with the probe compared well with those measured by extraction. In the lake sediment, concentrations of H2 increased with depth and reached values in the range 10–60 nM H2 within the methanogenic zone, below about 2–5 cm depth. In the anoxic paddy soil, H2 concentrations also increased with depth reaching values of 40–100 nM H2. Dissolved CO was about 5–20 nM. The turnover of H2 was very dynamic as revealed when starch powder was added to the flooding water. Within 1 day, H2 concentrations increased to 80 μM H2 in the upper 2 cm of the soil core, but after 5–7 days decreased again to the lower values measured previously.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Enhancement Mechanism of the Dynamic Strength of Concrete Based on the Energy Principle

This paper analyzes the relationship between the rates of change of elastic strain energy, the strength during the concrete failure process, and proposes that the increased dynamic strength of concrete was caused by the hysteresis effect of energy release—according to the basic principle of energy conversion. Dynamic Brazilian disc tests were carried out on concrete specimens, with diameter of 100 mm, by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Test results were obtained through using a gas gun, with an impact pressure of 0.15 MPa, 0.20 MPa and 0.25 MPa, respectively. The dynamic failure process of concrete is then reproduced by numerical calculation methods. Finally, the energy characteristics during the concrete failure process at different strain rates are studied, and the enhancement mechanism of the dynamic strength of concrete is verified. The results showed that the dynamic tensile strength of concrete increased by 9.79% when the strain rate increased by 61% from 60.25 s−1; and when the strain rate increased by 92.8% from 60.25 s−1, the dynamic tensile strength of the concrete rose by 46.28%. The rates of change of both input energy and dissipated energy meet at the peak stress of the material. The increases in rates of change for the two kinds of energy were not synchronized, so excess input energy could be stored as concrete strength increased. As a result, the extra energy stored after peak stress led to a higher degree of concrete fragmentation and greater kinetic energy of the fragment. These results offer research directions for improving the dynamic strength of concrete.

Field of study: Materials science
Patterns of diversity and range size of selected plant groups along an elevational transect in the Bolivian Andes

Patterns of point, α-, and β-diversity, and of an index of range size were studied for Acanthaceae, Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Melastomataceae, Palmae, and Pteridophyta in 204 vegetation plots of 400 m2 along an elevational gradient in humid montane forest at 220–3950 m in central Bolivia. Zonal forest point-diversity (mean species number per plot) and α-diversity (extrapolated total species number) showed either hump-shaped curves or constant values from lowlands to mid-elevations, followed by a steep decline. These patterns correspond to the hypothesis of maximum diversity at intermediate levels of productivity, while for pteridophytes and epiphytic Bromeliaceae they also fitt a null-model of random distribution within bounded geographical ranges. The ratio of point to α-diversity was surprisingly constant across study groups and elevation with values of 0.2–0.4. Range size index (mean inverse range size of all species recorded at a given elevation) either increased with elevation, showed hump-shaped patterns, or remained roughly constant. Non-zonal habitats (ravines, ridge-tops, rock faces, roadsides, pastures) contributed significantly to overall species number for terrestrial herbs and shrubs of Bromeliaceae, Melastomataceae, and Pteridophyta, but not for Acanthaceae, Araceae, and epiphytic taxa. With few exceptions, endemism was most pronounced in zonal forests. These results imply that conservation measures should focus on zonal forests in a few large reserves at low and mid-elevations and in many smaller reserves at higher elevations.

Field of study: Environmental science