nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the West Gondwana Floras during the Late Paleozoic: A paleogeographic approach in the Paraná Basin – Brazil

The Late Paleozoic in West Gondwana was a period of significant climatic changes, ranging from a glacial climate in the Late Carboniferous to a semi-arid climate in the Late Permian. The Floristic Province of Gondwana in the Parana Basin was directly affected by such changes, and underwent a transformation regarding composition and geographic distribution. Thus, the climatic phases were divided into three intervals: Phase A containing interglacially developed flora; Phase B, containing floras of immediate post-glacial temperate climates, and phase C, identified with floras related to the decline of dryness. Regarding their geographical distribution, the floras were concentrated in the far-northern and far-southern portions of the basin during the Glacial interval, and, with a gradual increase in temperature, went on to occupy the entire basin. Finally, we can see that the floras located in the Argentinean portion of West Gondwana are older and have greater species diversity than those present in the Parana Basin and Africa during Phase A. In Phase B, there is a decline of Argentinean flora species, a large increase in the Parana Basin floras, and an average increase in African floras. In the final stage, the floristic province no longer exists in Argentina, the flora of the Parana Basin also suffers a decrease of specimens, and the African flora undergoes its moment of greatest development. Such diversity change also reflects a west-to-east migration throughout the Late Carboniferous.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Real-time Correction IP-3DTV Player System Based on P2P Network

With the rapid development of Broad-band network technology,3DTV has become a research hotspot and IP-3DTV is to become a trend.This paper presents a solution to the real-time correction IP-3DTV player system based on P2P network,which adopts P2P and LDPC for video transmission and correction respectively.Experiment shows that with Gaussian noise,the average PSNR value of the corrected video increases by almost 15dB.We test the system in CERNET2,and find that the system runs normally.Meanwhile,the system is implemented with authentication,and can run in both IPV4 and IPV6 network,which provides strong support for the industrialized development of IP-3DTV in the future.

Field of study: Computer science
Liganded and unliganded forms of Antarctic fish haemoglobins in polyethylene glycol: crystallization of an R-state haemichrome intermediate.

Liganded and unliganded forms of two Antarctic fish haemoglobins, from Trematomus newnesi and T. bernacchii, have been crystallized in low-salt media using polyethylene glycol as precipitant. In particular, crystals of air-exposed T. newnesi carbomonoxy haemoglobin were found to be isomorphous to the crystals grown in high-salt media. Preliminary X-ray analysis of the diffraction data revealed that the beta-haem iron of this haemoglobin is in the haemichrome state, with both the proximal and distal histidyl residues linked to the iron. This is the first crystallization of a haemichrome intermediate of a vertebrate haemoglobin.

Field of study: Chemistry
Fairness and group-strategyproofness clash in assignment problems

No group-strategyproof and ex-post Pareto optimal random matching mechanism treats equals equally. Every mechanism that arises out of the randomization over a set of non-bossy and strategyproof mechanisms is non-bossy. Random serial dictatorship, which arises out of a randomization over all deterministic serial dictatorships is non-bossy but not group-strategyproof.

Field of study: Economics
Counseling Psychology Research on Sexual (Orientation) Minority Issues: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges and Opportunities

This lead article of the special issue discusses conceptual and methodological considerations in studying sexual minority issues, particularly in research conducted by counseling psychologists (including the work represented in this special issue). First, the overarching challenge of conceptualizing and defining sexual minority populations is described. Second, the importance and value of scholarship about sexual minority issues are highlighted. Third, challenges in sexual minority research are outlined, using the articles in this special issue for illustrative purposes, and suggestions are offered for consideration in future research. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which counseling psychologists are uniquely positioned to advance knowledge, practice, and social justice through research on sexual minority issues.

Field of study: Psychology
Research on YG8 Carbides Prepared by WC-Co Powder on Regeneration and Mixed Rare Earth Oxide

Taking YG8 carbides prepared by mixture of rare earth and regeneration of WC-Co powder as research object, the properties and microstucture of the cemented carbide were analyzed. The results show that it has no effect on the density and hardness of the alloy with the mixed rare earth, which also has some effects on the coercive force, magnetic cobalt and bending strength, but no obvious. The cemented carbide prepared by the regeneration of WC-Co powder has not only decline in serious on the magnetic cobalt and bending strength, but generates the obvious decarburization phenomenon in microstructure.

Field of study: Materials science
Virtual prototyping in a Design-for-Reliability approach

The main purpose of the paper is to present a methodological approach combining experiments and simulations for virtual prototyping in a Design-for-Reliability approach. Two examples illustrate the methodology and the importance of a wise choice of the adequate failure criterion for numerical modelling. In the first example, the stress induced in silicon is axial whereas it is radial in the second case. Strength data recorded from three-point-bend tests have been regarded in the first case, whereas in the second case, ball-on-ring test results have been considered.

Field of study: Engineering
Bioefficacy of Certain Insecticides Against Rice Planthoppers vis-à-vis Natural Enemies Under Irrigated Field Conditions

Afield trial was carried out for two seasons to evaluate the bio-efficacy of imidacloprid (Confidor 200SL), acephate (Starthene75SP), carlap hydrochloride (Caldan 50WP or Padan 50WP), chlorpyriphos (Dursban 10G), cartap hydrochloride (Caldan 4G) and triazophos (Trelka 20EC) against planthoppers and its natural enemies in rice ecosystem at Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru. The pooled data on planthoppers revealed that imidacloprid was the best insecticide comparable to acephate followed by cartap hydrochloride (Padan 50WP) as compared to untreated control. Imidachloprid ranked first in safety to spiders followed by acephate as per Pest: Defender (P: D) ratio. Against mirid bugs (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis). acephate ranked first in safety followed by imidachloprid and cartap hydrochloride and significantly superior to all other treatments.

Field of study: Biology
Amplification of PCR in Idetification of Intergeneric Hybrids between Anthurium andraeanum and Spathiphyllum wallisii

intergeneric hybrids between Anthurium andraeanum and Spathiphyllum wallisii were identified by using nuclear markers tRNA Leu CAA intergenenic sequence and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) based on PCR technique.13 sites were obtained by using nuclear markers tRNA Leu CAA intergeneric sequence.No specific-male band was observed in hybrids.New hybrids were visualised in one hybrids.So only one hybrids was identified to be a real intergeneric hybrid.28 bands were amplified by ITS 2 sequence.It showed 3 band types:No specific-male bands type;New bands type;Specific-male and new bands  hybrids were suggested to be the real intergeneric hybrids between A.andraeanum and S.wallisii.Furthemore,the results indicated that these molecular markers can be used for identifying intergeneric hybrids.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Mass transfer effects on DNA hybridization in a flow-through microarray.

The goal of this study is to assess the influence of mass transfer phenomena on DNA hybridization kinetics in a flow-through, porous microarray for fast molecular testing. We present a scaled mathematical model of coupled convection, diffusion and reaction in porous media, which was used to simulate hybridization kinetics and to analyze the influence of convective transport on the reaction rate. In addition to computer simulations, we also present experimental data of hybridization collected on our microarray system for different flow rates. The results reported in this paper provide for a better understanding of the interaction between reaction and mass transfer processes during flow-through hybridization and suggest criteria for system design and optimization.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Zu den Bemerkungen von S. J. Wawilow

ZusammenfassungDie Wawilowschen Bemerkungen können den Anschein erwecken, als seien die von Wawilow aus einer Arbeit von uns gezogenen Schlüsse wesentlich verschieden von denen, die wir selbst aus unseren Resultaten gezogen haben; das ist nicht der Fall.

Field of study: Physics
Composites of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Filled with Wood-Flour

This study examined both the use of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a plastic matrix for wood-plastic composites (WPCs) and the effect of impact modification on the mechanical properties of ABS/wood-flour composites. Blends of ABS filled with wood flour (both pine and maple) were processed into profile shape using a conical twin-screw extruder and the mechanical properties of the resulting composites were characterised and compared to WPCs made with polyolefins (HDPE and PP) and rigid PVC matrices. Generally, WPCs made with ABS matrix outperformed their polyolefin counterparts in both flexural strength and modulus, whereas ABS-based composites had inferior strength but greater modulus than those made with rigid PVC. The impact strength of ABS/wood-flour composites was below that of wood plastic composites made with polyolefins. However, impact modification with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers had some effect in toughening of the ABS/wood-flour composites.

Field of study: Materials science
Covariation of alternative measures of responding in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) eyeblink conditioning during acquisition training and tone generalization.

The likelihood, size, and speed of eyelid movements are thought to covary during the acquisition and expression of conditioning in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and are generally accepted as interchangeable measures of the associative strength activated by the conditioned stimulus (CS). To test this assumption, the authors examined the patterns of covariation in these eyelid movement measures in acquisition and stimulus generalization in the upper eyelid and nictitating membrane. Rather than the expected covariation among these measures, eyelid movement magnitudes during the CS were distributed in approximately a bimodal manner. That is, eyelid activity consisted largely of a mixture of very small (< 0.125 mm) baseline measurements and larger (> 1 mm) movements. The results are discussed with respect to their implications for real-time models of eyelid conditioning.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Regression models tolerant to massively missing data: a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting

Statistical models for environmental monitoring strongly rely on automatic data acquisition systems that use various physical sensors. Often, sensor readings are missing for extended periods of time, while model outputs need to be continuously available in real time. With a case study in solar-radiation nowcasting, we investigate how to deal with massively missing data (around 50% of the time some data are unavailable) in such situations. Our goal is to analyze characteristics of missing data and recommend a strategy for deploying regression models which would be robust to missing data in situations where data are massively missing. We are after one model that performs well at all times, with and without data gaps. Due to the need to provide instantaneous outputs with minimum energy consumption for computing in the data streaming setting, we dismiss computationally demanding data imputation methods and resort to a mean replacement, accompanied with a robust regression model. We use an established strategy for assessing different regression models and for determining how many missing sensor readings can be tolerated before model outputs become obsolete. We experimentally analyze the accuracies and robustness to missing data of seven linear regression models. We recommend using the regularized PCA regression with our established guideline in training regression models, which themselves are robust to missing data.

Field of study: Environmental science
Isolation filters for macroscopic quantum coherence experiment

One of the main difficulties in observing quantum coherence (MQC) in rf-SQUID based systems is extremely short coherence times. Quantum coherence in macroscopic system is rapidly destroyed by interaction with the environment. This precludes any MQC experiments from using high-speed data acquisition that allows direct evidence of coherent evolution of linear combination of rf-SQUID eigenstates. In order to perform such experiments, isolation structures that effectively shield MQC experimental elements from small-signal interaction with data acquisition circuitry on chip and at the same time allow large signals such as RSFQ pulses to propagate through. We consider design and simulation of series of Josephson junctions with varied parameters as an example of such isolation filters.

Field of study: Physics
Molecular characterization of alkyl nitrates in atmospheric aerosols by ion mobility mass spectrometry

We demonstrate the capability of the ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS)
for molecular characterization of reactive and short-lived alkyl nitrates
(ANs) in atmospheric aerosols. We show significantly enhanced sensitivity
towards the intact molecules of ANs by ultimately 2 orders of magnitude
with the addition of inorganic anions such as chloride and nitrate to the
negative electrospray to promote the ion adduct formation. This approach
enables the measurement of ANs that have a low tendency to form molecular ions
on their own with an improved limit of detection in the range of 0.1 to 4.3  µ M. Molecular identities of the ANs are well constrained by the
developed correlation between the collision cross section and mass-to-charge ratio,
which provides a two-dimensional separation of the - ONO2 -containing
compounds on the basis of their molecular size and geometry. Structural
information of the nitrate molecules is further probed by the identification
of characteristic fragments produced from the collision-induced dissociation
of parent AN adducts. Application of the IMS-MS technique is exemplified by
the identification of hydroxy nitrates in secondary organic aerosols
produced from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene.

Field of study: Environmental science
Prevalence and Risk of Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling, Elderly Kuwaiti Patients

To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti patients, describe the number and types of drugs used, and identify risk factors associated with polypharmacy.  This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in which we interviewed 500 community-dwelling Kuwaiti adults over 65 years of age. The data collection occurred during a 4-month period from March to July 2017.  Fifty-two percent (n = 260) of the patients were males, with a mean age of 71.73 ± 5.32 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy (5–8 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (>8 drugs) was 58.4% (n = 292) and 10.2% (n = 51), respectively. The risk factors associated with an increased number of medicines used were: female gender (p = 0.019), a lower level of education (p = 0.003), a high number of hospital admissions (p = 0.000), clinics visited by the patient (p =0.000), and number of comorbidities (p = 0.000). The most commonly used medications (82.6% of the study population) were blood glucose-lowering agents, excluding insulin. Other commonly used medications were antihypertensive drugs and lipid-modifying agents.  A significant sector of the older Kuwaiti patient population has a high prevalence of polypharmacy and is thus exposed to its potential hazards. The current study highlights the need to revise the drug-dispensing policy among community-dwelling, older Kuwaiti people, as well as to initiate educational programs among healthcare practitioners concerning prescribing issues in older individuals.

Field of study: Medicine
Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis by private practitioners in Manila, Philippines.

Private for-profit health care providers are prominent in the health system of the Philippines.



To examine the practices of the private practitioners in Malabon, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, concerning diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB).



Forty-five private practitioners of Malabon who treat adult TB patients were interviewed.



For diagnosis, most private practitioners relied on the clinical presentation and result of an X-ray. Only 13% of the respondents routinely also asked for sputum examination. Ninety-six percent used X-ray as a tool to monitor treatment. Sixty percent of the respondents prescribed a regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Except for rifampicin, over-dosage was common. For re-treatment cases, none prescribed the WHO-recommended re-treatment regimen. The private practitioners perceived the main reasons for patient non-adherence to be the patients' lack of finances to buy drugs and patients' perceived well being after a certain period of treatment. Patients' lack of money was seen as the main obstacle to compliance. The only case holding mechanism mentioned was occasional clinic appointments of the TB patients.



Private practices for diagnosis and treatment of TB typically deviate from guidelines. The quality of care among private practitioners needs improvement. Innovative strategies are required.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Robert G. Finbow, The Limits of Regionalism: NAFTA's Labour Accord (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2006), pp. xiii+300, £55.00, hb.

Guadalupe Catholics or the author herself. Another significant theme of the book is the way Guadalupe Catholics strive to construct a Catholic neighbourhood community in the semi-urban setting. Kovic shows the continuous importance of the community for the expelled Catholics, who have been accused of destroying community ties. To the contrary, Kovic says, ‘ the expelled do not reject the concept of community cohesion – they embrace it ’ (p. 129). She does not address the rather obvious question, however, on how the conversions affected the sense of cohesion and reciprocal duties in the home communities of the expelled. If she wanted to avoid providing fuel to the fire, she could refer to other Maya municipalities where conversions that initially created conflict have led not to expulsions but agreements on mutual respect. Kovic convincingly shows the continuing emphasis among the expelled on unity, mutual responsibilities and respect. At the same time, she argues, there are important changes taking place, as the expelled are reassessing the value of certain traditions of their communities of origin, such as the use of alcohol, which is banned, and gender roles. Importantly, the community of Guadalupe Catholics has formed networks with other Mayas, mostly within the broader community of the Catholic diocese but also with expelled Protestants. Kovic shows how these networks give political and social strength to the community members and help them navigate within the urban and national arena, constituting themselves as active and demanding participants. With this ethnography, Kovic provides valuable knowledge for the more general understanding of how indigenous men and women emigrating to cities throughout Latin America create new forms of communities and networks which to some extent build on rural community models but are trans-local and often trans-ethnic and even ‘ trans-religious ’. The construction of these urban indigenous communities is highly powerful in San Cristóbal, which has received a vast number of Mayas looking for means to support themselves during the last few decades. These Maya newcomers and their various religious, political and economic associations are playing an increasing role not only for the migrants but for town life as a whole. In conclusion, this is a fine monograph, providing a powerful demonstration of the great potentiality of the rights concept and of communal organisation among indigenous migrants. The book is written with sensitive and nuanced descriptions of the lives and concerns of Guadalupe Catholics, who come to life, both as individual men and women and as a group of marginalised poor, struggling for change.

Field of study: Political science
Estimation in second order branching processes with application to swine flu data

This paper discusses inferential issues related to estimation of offspring mean and variance in a second order branching process, when both the offspring distributions are assumed to have identical mean and variance. Estimating equation approach is used to find the estimator of the offspring mean and the fact that a second order branching process model can be modeled as an autoregressive process is utilized to obtain the estimator of the offspring variance. Both the estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The second order branching process model is applied to H1N1 data for Pune, India, and Mexico and is found to be a suitable model. The estimates obtained from this model are used to compute the proportion of vaccination required for elimination of the disease.

Field of study: Mathematics
Structural states and specific features of the deformation behavior of metals and alloys with mixed nano-and micrograin structure

A classification of the structural states of materials with a mixed nano-and microcrystalline structure is proposed. Theoretical analysis of the structural mechanisms and peculiarities of plastic flow of singlephase and two-phase nanostructured metals and alloys with a bimodal size distribution of grains and phases is performed. The effect of grain-boundary and dislocation mechanisms of plastic flow on the specific features of the deformation behavior and plasticity of nanocrystalline materials is analyzed. A microstructural model of strain hardening of a material with two-scale nano-and micrograin structure is proposed and the condition for the loss of plastic flow stability of such a material is investigated. The dependence of the yield strength and uniform strain of nanocrystalline materials with a two-scale structure on the grain size and the ratio of the volume fractions of the nano-and microstructural components is calculated.

Field of study: Physics