nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying patients at risk for postprocedural morbidity after treatment of incidental intracranial aneurysms: the role of aneurysm size and location.

A decision to treat incidental intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) relies on understanding the risks of treatment and weighing them against the those of aneurysm rupture. Whereas the natural history of IIAs is currently being studied, the risks associated with treating IIAs and factors associated with poor outcome need to be clearly established.



In a consecutive series of 125 patients, 160 IIAs were treated either surgically (152 cases) or endovascularly (eight cases). Postprocedural morbidity was defined as a new neurological deficit associated with a score greater than or equal to 3 on the modified Rankin Scale or a score of less than 24 on the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of postprocedural morbidity from retrospectively collected data on demographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics. Treatment of IIAs was not associated with any mortality and was associated with postprocedural morbidity in 17 (13.6%) of 125 patients (early outcome) and eight (6.4%) of patients (late outcome). In the logistic-regression model, treatment of aneurysms (>or=13 mm) and posterior circulation aneurysms were independently associated with postprocedural morbidity. In patients in whom postprocedural neurological deficits developed, 12 (70.6%) of 17 and four (23.5% ) of 17 patients harbored aneurysms with broad or calcified necks, respectively. Age, comorbidities, multiple aneurysms, specific aneurysm location, and history of subarachnoid hemorrhage related to a different aneurysm were not significantly associated with poor outcome.



The authors found that IIAs can be safely and effectively treated without causing mortality and with a lower morbidity rate than previously reported. A combination of radiographic variables may be helpful in identifying patients at risk for postprocedural morbidity.

Field of study: Medicine
ADAPTIVE IDENTIFICATION METHOD FOR AERODYNAMICS APPLICABLE TO AEROELASTICITY

The reduced-order models for unsteady aerodynamics can substitute for computational fluid dynamics solver in the analysis of aeroelasticity.Usually most reduced-order models lack robustness against parameter changes and therefore need to be rebuilt frequently for new parameters.Furthermore such construction can be computationally expensive.This paper investigates the adaptive identification method for unsteady aerodynamics applicable to aeroelasticity based on Volterra theory.By using Haar scaled function,Volterra kernel is extracted from system input/output data,which is expanded in terms of series.Then the coefficients in kernel are expressed as a function of single varying parameter.Finally,a reduced-order model with regard to new parameters is obtained through interpolation.The proposed method is applied to reduced-order modeling of unsteady aerodynamic of a two-dimensional NACA64a010 airfoil undergoing pitch motion.The numerical results show that the reduced-order model accommodating to parameter variations can more accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamic induced by small movement of the structure.

Field of study: Engineering
First approach to the characterization of the ecological succession on perforated trapezoidal multi-purpose reef modules: Building climate resilience

The study reports the colonization and ecological succession of epibenthic communities on perforated trapezoidal Artificial Reef (AR) modules deployed in Vaan Island of Gulf of Mannar, southeast India. These AR communities assist in building climate resilience among the coastal ecosystems, which have faced severe climate change impacts during the last decade. Based on wave dynamics modeling studies, 10,600 modules were deployed in two layers to protect the Island from beach erosion and to enhance biodiversity. Randomly selected modules were subject to continuous monitoring from 2015 to 2020 to understand the ecological succession of the epibenthic communities. Hard corals turned out to be the dominant epibenthic category with 76.01 no.module−1(SE ± 2.16) by 2020. A total of 37 coral species belonging to 16 genera were found inhabiting the modules at the end of five years. The other major epibenthic categories were molluscs, hydroids, sponges, ascidians, octocorals and echinoderms with a total density of 40.44 no.module−1(SE ± 1.41) by 2020. A couple of years after the deployment, when hard corals started to flourish on the AR modules, the density of other epibenthic categories began to decline. A comparison of the numbers of epibenthic organisms on the inner and outer layers of AR modules reveals that the inner layer has a larger epibenthic community. After five years, the AR modules have started to act as coral refugia and are expected to create reef ecosystem analogous to natural reefs. The modules also provide the much needed topographic complexity for the fish to move in. This planned deployment not only helped in reef recovery and enhancement of associated biodiversity in Gulf of Mannar, which is severely impacted by global climate change, but also would serve to enhance the climate resilience of the coral ecosystems by increasing the coral biomass and thereby restoring the ecological services, which help to sustain the livelihood of the dependent small-scale fisher folk.

Field of study: Environmental science
Modulation of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.5 by the SGK1 Protein Kinase Involves Inhibition of Channel Ubiquitination

The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1 is involved in dexamethasone-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by increasing voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) activity. SGK1 upregulates the Kv1.5 channel but the precise mechanism underlying the SGK1 dependent regulation of Kv1.5 has not been defined yet. The present study explored the signal transduction processes involved. Expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that SGK1 promotes channel activity by interfering with the Nedd4-2 ubiquitination pathway, irrespective of the presence of putative SGK1 phosphorylation sites on Kv1.5. Expression of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 declined Kv1.5 currents by ubiquitinating and thereby reducing Kv1.5 plasma membrane expression. Increasing concentrations of SGK1 gradually compensated the inhibiting effect of Nedd4-2 on Kv1.5. Enhanced Kv1.5 surface abundance by SGK1 reflects decreased channel internalization as indicated by  A experiments. In conclusion, Kv1.5 upregulation by SGK1 involves inhibition of channel ubiquitination by Nedd4-2 that leads to Kv1.5 stabilization in the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that the kinase might participate in the regulation of insulin secretion in part by controlling Kv1.5 surface abundance.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Vector Pickup System Customized for Scanning SQUID Microscopy

We propose a novel system of a 3-D scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope with high sensitivity for magnetic fields and high spatial resolution. Our 3-D scanning SQUID microscope consists of an XYZ piezodriven scanner for controlling the position of the pickup coils, three SQUID sensors, and the three-channel SQUID electronics at room temperature. Three SQUID sensors are fabricated in the same chip, and each SQUID has a pickup coil for XYZ directions, respectively. The SQUIDs used in our system are reproducibly fabricated using a Nb multilayer process of a fabrication center named CRAVITY. Pickup coils were built either in multiply winding numbers for enhancing sensitivity or in smaller inner diameters for improving spatial resolution. Three pickup coils with readout circuits are configured in orthogonal with each other and are acting as a vector sensor of the local magnetic field. At this moment, we succeeded to design some SQUIDs with 1-D and 3-D pickup coils. The critical current density Jc of a Josephson junction (JJ) and the minimum critical current I√ of JJ are 320 A/cm2 and 12.5 μA, respectively. The size of a chip is 2.9 mm × 2.9 mm, and the inner diameter of the pickup coil can be reduced down to 4 μm. The experimental I-V characteristic of fabricated SQUIDs was suitable for use in a scanning SQUID system. We have also fabricated a SQUID stage for installation in a cryostat for the experiment of 1-D SQUID sensors.

Field of study: Physics
Asynchronous adaptive event-triggered tracking control for multi-agent systems with stochastic actuator faults

This paper investigates the problem of consensus tracking control for multi-agent systems with stochastic actuator faults, where the asynchronous adaptive event-triggered scheme (AETS) is proposed to reduce communication burden. The failure phenomenon for each actuator is described by an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) random process. The communication information is divided two groups according to the scenario whether the followers can receive the information from the leader or not. Two adaptive event-triggered communication schemes are introduced based on the above classified information. Considering the stochastic actuator faults and the designed AETS, a new closed-loop fault-tolerant tracking control system model is established. Then, by employing the Lyapunov stability theory and stochastic analysis technique, a new fault-dependent stability criterion is derived, which ensures that the leader-following tracking error system is stochastically mean-square stable. Based on this criterion, the fault-tolerant consensus controller gains and the triggering parameters are obtained simultaneously by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Moreover, the Zeno behavior of the AETS is excluded. Finally, a simulation example is included to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

Field of study: Mathematics
Kernel KNN Algorithm based on Simultaneous Feature Selection and Parameter Optimization by PSO

Feature selection and classifier parameter optimization are two important aspects for improving classifier performance and are solved separately traditionally. Recently, with the wide applications of evolutionary computation in pattern recognition area, simultaneous feature selection and parameter optimization became possible and tendency. To solve the problem, we proposed a simultaneous feature selection and parameter optimization algorithm based on binary PSO algorithm. The experiments show that the algorithm can efficiently find the suitable feature subsets and parameters, which result in good classification performance.

Field of study: Computer science
Distribution of a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide Y receptor gene and it's absence in rat.

A recently reported Y receptor that has been confusingly referred to as both Y5 and Y2b has now been designated as Y6 by the IUPHAR organization. Using random primed Y6 coding sequence as a hybridization probe we examined the mRNA expression pattern and gene distribution of the Y6 receptor in a variety of species. We detail the relative abundance of Y6 message in mouse and human tissues and report the apparent absence of message for this receptor in any rat tissues tested. We also document the presence of the Y6 gene in chicken, rabbit, cow, dog, mouse, monkey and human, but the complete absence of the Y6 gene in rat.

Field of study: Biology
Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant All-Polyamide Composites by a Film-Stacking Method

The aim of this study was to produce flame retardant all-polyamide (PA) composites with acceptable tensile properties. Firstly, the effect of consolidation temperature on tensile properties of composites was investigated to find the optimum processing temperature. Flame retardant composites were produced at the optimum consolidation temperature (240°C). Aluminium diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) and its mixture with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate were used for producing flame retardant all-PA composites. The flammability properties of the composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 standards. According to the flammability test results, AlPi was more effective than its mixture and 10 wt.% AlPi containing composite showed V0 rating with a LOI value of 27.6. As well as the flammability properties, the addition of both types of flame retardant additives increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus values with respect to the pristine all-PA composite.

Field of study: Materials science
The use of prices to characterize the core of an economy

The core of an economy is the set of outcomes of trading and production which have the property that no coalition of traders and producers can do better for its members. When the traders and producers are “perfectly competitive,” any such outcome can be achieved by using an appropriate price system. This paper establishes this well-known result under very general conditions by building on a model due to Vind. Particular attention is paid to the problem of representing “perfect competition” and of describing production in a nonmarket economy. All assumptions in this model are formulated so as to be easily compared with the assumptions made by Aumann in his model of a perfectly competitive economy.

Field of study: Economics
Dermatomyositis & Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with prominent and characteristic cutaneous manifestation along with proximal muscle weakness 1. Bohan and Peter defined five diagnostic criteria for dermatomyositis 1. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with paraneoplastic dermatomyositis is commonly seen in area with higher incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma like Asia countries. The association of dermatomyositis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma does not influence the prognosis of malignancy 3. Side effects of radiation therapy may worsen the skin inflammation seen and mimic a relapsed in certain cases.

Field of study: Medicine
Using parental phenotypes in case-parent studies

In studies of case-parent triads, information is often collected about history of the condition in the parents, but typically parental phenotypes are ignored. Including that information in analyses may increase power to detect genetic association for autosomal variants. Our proposed approach uses parental phenotypes to assess association independently of the usual case-parent-based association test, enabling cross-generational internal replication for findings based on offspring and their parents. Our model for parental phenotypes also resists bias due to population stratification. We combine the information from the two generations into a single coherent model that can exploit approximate equality of parental and offspring relative risks to improve power and can also test that equality. We call the resulting procedure the Parent-phenotype Informed Likelihood Ratio Test (PPI-LRT). When some parental genotypes are missing, one can use the expectation-maximization algorithm to fit the combined model. We also develop a second composite test (PPI-CT) based on a linear combination of the parent-phenotype-based test statistic and that from the traditional log-linear, transmission-based test. We evaluate the proposed methods through non-centrality parameter calculations and simulation studies and compare them to the previously proposed approaches, parenTDT and combTDT. We show that incorporation of parental phenotype data often improves statistical power. As illustration, we apply our method to a study of young-onset breast cancer and find that it improved precision for SNPs in FGFR2 and that estimated relative risks based on triads are closely replicated using the parental data.

Field of study: Biology
Assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in soils and related health risks in 271 cities across China.

Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution has been extensively studied at a local and regional scale in China. However, further research needs to be conducted at a national level. To this end, in current study we systematically compiled data of around 170,000 soil samples collected from 1153 papers published between 2008 and 2018. Based on these data we conducted a comprehensive analysis on the pollution status, pollution hotspots, and potential dominant sources of PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn) in soils in 271 cities of China using geochemical accumulation index, potential ecological risk index, health risk evaluation model, univariate local Moran's I index, and bivariate local Moran's I index. Our results indicated an obvious accumulation of PTEs in the soils of most cities. In addition, the contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Ni were higher in China when compared to other several countries under comparison. Pollution hotspots of PTE and hotspots of human health risks may occur due to PTE exposure were mainly distributed in South (S) and Southwest (SW) of China. Cities with PTEs accumulation in soil due to industrial activities were mainly located in East (E) and North (N) China. Cities that had high concentrations of PTE due to agricultural activities were mainly located in central and Northeast (NE) China. Most cities with an accumulation of PTEs in soils primarily due to mining activities were found in West (W) and Northwest (N) China. Cities with PTEs mainly sourced from soil parental material were distributed in Southwest (SW) China. This study provides comprehensive and specific information and valuable implications for developing advanced scientific and efficient strategies to prevent and control PTE pollution the soils in China.

Field of study: Environmental science
Detection of tumour associated antigen in eluates from protein A columns used for ex vivo immunoadsorption of plasma from melanoma patients by radioimmunoassay.

Tumour associated antigen (TAA) of defined specificity and anti-TAA antibodies were isolated by elution with 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 3.5) and 2.5 M MgCl2 from non-viable Staphylococcus aureus used in ex vivo immunoadsorption of plasma from four melanoma patients. The anti-TAA antibody activity in the MgCl2 eluate was determined by its ability to bind a melanoma 125I-TAA. The melanoma 125I-TAA was isolated and purified from the spent culture medium of a human melanoma cell line. The activity and specificity of TAA in the glycine-HCl eluates were determined by competitive inhibition in a radioimmunoassay in which melanoma 125I-TAA and an allogeneic antiserum obtained from a melanoma patient were used as the reagents. Results indicated that 0.04-0.81% of the total protein contained in the glycine-HCl eluates was TAA. The proportion of TAA to total protein in these eluates varied from patient to patient and treatment to treatment. Inhibition by the glycine-HCl eluates in the competitive radioimmunoassay was dose-dependent. Similarly, binding of melanoma 125I-TAA in a direct radioimmunoassay decreased with decreasing amounts of the anti-TAA antibody fraction. Quantitative analysis revealed that the MgCl2 eluates contained anti-TAA protein at levels ranging from 0.15 to 5.78% of total protein. Because both TAA and anti-TAA activities were found in eluates from S. aureus (protein A positive) used for immunoadsorption of plasma from melanoma patients, and because melanoma 125I-TAA isolated and purified from a human melanoma cell line did not bind to protein A directly, the results indicated that TAAs immunologically similar to the melanoma TAA were circulating in the form of immune complexes in plasma of four patients with melanoma and that these complexes could be removed from plasma by ex vivo immunoadsorption.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Analysis of the Benefit Sharing Mechanism of Local Government Cooperations Taking the Xiangxi Ecological Cultural Tourism Circle as an Example

This paper attempts to develop eco-cultural tourism circle of Xiangxi as a research perspective, analyse the difficulties (fragmentation of ecological cultural tourism circle of Xiangxi in cooperation) faced by local government, seize the key factors of local government cooperation in the interests sharing mechanism to solve the dilemma of regional cooperation through the construction of local government interests and cooperation and promote regional economic integration and rapid the development of the economy. Based on the analysis of ecological cultural tourism circle of Xiangxi local government cooperation benefit sharing mechanism facing difficulties, from the sense of cooperation, economic development level, the cadre appraisal system and the rule of law perspective, the writer explores the reasons of the dilemma of cooperation, and puts forward suggestions to improve local government cooperation benefit sharing mechanism.

Field of study: Engineering
High-latitude ice and climate control on sediment supply across SW Gondwana during the late Carboniferous and early Permian

The response of sediment routing to climatic changes across icehouse-to-greenhouse turnovers is not well documented in Earth’s pre-Cenozoic sedimentary record. Southwest Gondwana hosts one of the thickest and most laterally extensive records of Earth’s penultimate icehouse, the late Paleozoic ice age. We present the first high-resolution U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion−isotope dilution−thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) analysis of late Paleozoic ice age deposits in the Kalahari Basin of southern Africa, which, coupled with existing CA-ID-TIMS zircon records from the Paraná and Karoo Basins, we used to refine the late Paleozoic ice age glacial history of SW Gondwana. Key findings from this work suggest that subglacial evidence in the Kalahari region is restricted to the Carboniferous (older than 300 Ma), with glacially influenced deposits culminating in this region by the earliest Permian (296 Ma). The U-Pb detrital zircon geochronologic records from the Paraná Basin of South America, which was located downstream of the Kalahari Basin in the latest Carboniferous and Permian, indicate that large-scale changes in sediment supplied to the Paraná were contemporaneous with shifts in the SW Gondwana ice record. Gondwanan deglaciation events were associated with the delivery of far-field, African-sourced sediments into the Paraná Basin. In contrast, Gondwanan glacial periods were associated with the restriction of African-sourced sediments into the basin. We interpret the influx of far-field sediments into the Paraná Basin as an expansion of the catchment area for the Paraná Basin during the deglaciation events, which occurred in the latest Carboniferous (300−299 Ma), early Permian (296 Ma), and late early Permian (<284 Ma). The coupled ice and detrital zircon records for this region of Gondwana present opportunities to investigate climate feedbacks associated with changes in freshwater and nutrient delivery to late Paleozoic ocean basins across the turnover from icehouse to greenhouse conditions.

Field of study: Geology
Theoretical analysis of the astrophysical S-factor for the alpha+d -->6Li + gamma capture reaction in the two body model

Theoretical estimations for the astrophysical S-factor and the d(alpha,gamma)6Li reaction rates are obtained on the base of the two-body model with the alpha-d potential of a simple Gaussian form, which describes correctly the phase-shifts in the S-, P-, and D-waves, the binding energy and the asymptotic normalization constant in the final S-state. Wave functions of the bound and continuum states are calculated by using the Numerov algorithm of a high accuracy. A good convergence of the results for the E1- and E2- components of the transition is shown when increasing the upper limit of effective integrals up to 40 fm. The obtained results for the S-factor and reaction rates in the temperature interval 10E+6 K < T < 10E+10 K are in a good agreement with the results of Ref. A.M. Mukhamedzhanov, et.al.,  (2011), where the authors used the known asymptotical form of wave function at low energies and a complicated potential at higher energies.

Field of study: Physics