nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Milling of an Al/CFRP Sandwich Construction with Non-Coated and TiAlN-Coated Tools

In this study, the effect of cutting parameters on the quality of an Al/CFRP sandwich structure (aluminium alloy–carbon fibre reinforced polymer) after milling with uncoated and TiAlN-coated tools was examined. The results of the cutting force were also investigated. The research was conducted in a VMC 800 HS vertical machining centre with a variable cutting speed and feed. The milling process was carried out using a non-coated, two-blade carbide milling cutter with a 35° helix angle and an analogous tool with a TiAlN coating. The surface quality was characterised in terms of the height deviation, which is one of the shape deviations after machining hybrid materials. The research showed that the maximum (77.60 µm) and minimum (1.78 µm) values of the height deviations were obtained using the tool with a TiAlN coating. It was found that the tested factors had significant effects on the height deviation, where the feed had the greatest influence and the cutting speed had the lowest influence on the surface quality. The tested factors were not statistically significant in terms of the cutting force.

Field of study: Materials science
Anomalous folds associated with the east-central part of the Garlock fault, southeast California

The east-central part of the left-lateral Garlock fault, in southeast California, is associated with three broad folds that trend and plunge northeast. The folds, which lie north, south, and astride the fault, postdate deposition of alluvial gravels that at one time formed a continuous northwest-sloping fan; the gravels rest conformably on lake beds that contain the Lava Creek B ash bed (0.62 Ma). The anticline, named after Christmas Canyon, has vertical relief of as much as 100 m. Topographic profiles suggest that the gravels exposed along the synclinal troughs to its southeast (Pilot Knob Valley syncline) and northwest (Teagle Wash syncline) lie at about the same elevations as they did when part of the originally active fan, implying that the synclines are passive results of the anticline development. If so, the original slope of the middle Pleistocene alluvial sediment sheet was about 0.6° northwest. The age and dimensional controls allow calculation of the rates of tilting and horizontal shortening. Corrected tilting rates vary from about 2.5° to 4.7°/m.y.; the total shortening of about 7.5 m developed at a minimum rate of 12.5 m/m.y. The orientations of these folds imply northwest-southeast compression, which is anomalous when viewed in the context of regional tectonics. The left-lateral Garlock fault and the north-northwest-trending Searles Valley syncline and Slate Range anticline imply northeast-southwest compression, which geophysical criteria confirm. Geologic evidence of northwest-southeast compressional deformation, dating to pre-Miocene (Paleocene?) time, however, is known from several other localities along the Garlock fault. These anomalous features are interpreted as evidence that episodes of north-west-southeast compression along the Garlock fault do occur, and although oriented about 90° from the average of conventional—and presently observed—compression directions, they have occurred during much (most?) of the Cenozoic Era, including the past 0.6 m.y.

Field of study: Geology
Optimal Lower Bound for Differentially Private Multi-party Aggregation

We consider distributed private data analysis, where n parties each holding some sensitive data wish to compute some aggregate statistics over all parties' data. We prove a tight lower bound for the private distributed summation problem. Our lower bound is strictly stronger than the prior lower-bound result by Beimel, Nissim, and Omri published in CRYPTO 2008. In particular, we show that any n-party protocol computing the sum with sparse communication graph must incur an additive error of $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ with constant probability, in order to defend against potential coalitions of compromised users. Furthermore, we show that in the client-server communication model, where all users communicate solely with an untrusted server, the additive error must be $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$, regardless of the number of messages or rounds. Both of our lower-bounds, for the general setting and the client-to-server communication model, are strictly stronger than those of Beimel, Nissim and Omri, since we remove the assumption on the number of rounds (and also the number of messages in the client-to-server communication model). Our lower bounds generalize to the (e, δ) differential privacy notion, for reasonably small values of δ.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Comparison of various buffer schemes to grow GaN on large-area Si(111) substrates using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition

A comparison of gallium-nitride (GaN) films grown on large-area Si(111) using a single aluminum-nitride (AlN) buffer, an AlN/graded-AlxGa1−xN buffer, and the introduction of additional low-temperature (LT)-grown AlN interlayers is reported. A graded-AlGaN buffer followed by additional LT-AlN interlayers is shown to completely eliminate cracking in nitride films of thickness >2 µm and also reduce the threading-dislocation density significantly. A partial compensation of GaN-tensile strain by the compressive-lattice strain induced by the AlGaN and AlN layers is responsible for this effect. The surface roughness is increased by the introduction of the LT-AlN buffers.

Field of study: Materials science
Beyond the Emoticon: Are There Unintentional Cues of Emotion in Email?

Email and text-based communication have become ubiquitous. Although recent findings indicate emotional equivalence between face-to-face and email communication, there is limited evidence of nonverbal behaviors in text-based communication, especially the kinds of unintentional displays central to emotion perception in face-to-face interactions. We investigate whether unintentional emotion cues occur in text-based communication by proposing that communication mistakes (e.g., typos) influence emotion perception. Across six studies, we show that communication errors amplify perceptions of email sender’s emotions—both negative (Studies 1A–2, 4, 5) and positive (Study 3). Furthermore, by contrasting perceptions of message senders who make mistakes in emotional versus unemotional contexts (Study 5), we show that people partially excuse message sender communication errors in emotional (versus unemotional) contexts, attributing such mistakes to the sender’s emotional state rather than solely their intelligence level. These studies suggest that nonverbal behavior in text-based and face-to-face communication may be more comparable than previously thought.

Field of study: Psychology
SU‐GG‐T‐05: MOSFET In‐Vivo Dosimetry for Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Shielded Brachytherapy

To investigate the suitability of MOSFETdetectors as in‐vivo dosimeters for shielded colorectal brachytherapy. A silicone applicator used in colorectal brachytherapytreatments was located at the middle of a water tank with an 192 Ir source in one catheter and two MOSFETs in two other ones. The dose was measured as a function of the distance and the angle from the source without and with a shielding rod in the applicator. In order to correct the measurement of the detector over‐response, the MOSFET energy dependence was calculated by the Monte Carlo (MC) code MCNPX2.5 and a correction factor was determined for each measurement point. Then, the measured corrected doses were compared to TG‐43 calculations for measurements without shielding and an in‐house dose‐kernel superposition method based on MCdose calculations for measurements with shielding.  The calculated MOSFET energy dependence shows an over‐response below 200 keV with a maximum at 40 keV by a factor 6.4 due to the dominant contribution from the photoelectric effect in Si02.Without shielding, the comparison between the measureddose and the dose calculated with TG‐43 shows a good agreement with a ±5% relative difference. With shielding, the comparison between the measured and the calculated dose gives a relative difference between 10% and 15% for the measurement point in the catheter at 90° from the source, and between 5% and 10% when the MOSFET is behind the shielding.  For colorectal cancer patients the application of an energy response correction factor leads to good agreement between MOSFETmeasured and calculated doses when the shielding is not inserted. With the shielding, the discrepancy between measurement and calculation is higher, between 5% and 15%.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE FIRM’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the firm’s financial performance. This relationship has been a very important issue and topic of great interest for researchers since from the origin of business entities. Therefore the aim of this study is to explore the nature of relationship between CSR and financial performance in the context of Egypt using a sample of 30 firms (firms listed on EGX 30) from 2007 to 2010. The sample was from a range of industrial sectors. We measured the corporate social responsibility by the S&P/EGX ESG Index, which is the only single source that offers published data regarding social corporate responsibility. The Corporate financial performance is measured by ROA and EPS. We find a positive and significant relation between corporate financial performance and the CSR. This result actually motivates organizations to think broadly about their obligations towards the society in which they operate rather than just maximizing their wealth

Field of study: Business
Expression of the G glycoprotein from the respiratory syncytial virus field strain by recombinant vaccinia virus

To obtain G glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) field strain.  RSV gene fragment encoding the G glycoprotein from the virus field strain isolated from child with acute respiratory infection in Beijing was inserted into the vaccinia virus vector and the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the G protein of RSV was obtained by co-infecting this vector with vaccinia virus field strain in cell culture. Rabbits were immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein. Western blot, ELISA and plaque reduction assay were used to evaluate the antigenicity, immunogenicity and the biological function of the expressed protein.  The RSV G glycoprotein was expressed by the recombinant vaccinia virus, which was determined by Western blot with anti-G protein specific monoclonal antibody. The high titer antibodies against G protein and purified RSV were detected from the sera collected from immunized rabbits. And the sera from the immunized rabbits can neutralize the plaque formation of the native RSV.  The data suggested that the expressed G glycoprotein is similar antigenically and immunogenically with those from native RSV.

Field of study: Biology
Vesicoscopic cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation: High success rate for elimination of primary reflux.

Open ureteral reimplantation (UR) is the gold standard for the surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). There have been increasing reports on robot-assisted UR, but this approach remains controversial due to reports suggesting increased complications and reduced success compared with open repair. This study presented extensive experience with vesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation (VR) for primary reflux. In this procedure, cross-trigonal reimplantation was performed in a manner analogous to open repair under carbon dioxide 'pneumovesicum'.



To review outcomes of vesicoscopic cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation and compare them with other minimally invasive approaches for the correction of reflux.



All patients who underwent VR at the current institution were retrospectively reviewed. The following were recorded for each patient: age, sex, grade of reflux, operative time, outcome, and complications.



The series consisted of 182 consecutive patients who underwent VR. There were 165 girls and 17 boys. Mean age was 7.03 years (range 16 months-38.2 years). Fifteen had failed prior injection therapy. Of the 182 patients, 135 underwent bilateral repairs and 47 unilateral. Mean operative time for bilateral repairs was 197 (112-284) minutes and 169 (99-288) for unilateral. Major complications included two ureteral obstructions: one resolved with stent placement and the other underwent re-operative reimplantation. Postoperative voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was obtained in 100 patients and was normal in 93 (93%). Four of these failures occurred in the first 30 patients. Of the last 49 patients tested, 48 were normal, suggesting a 98% effective success rate after the learning curve.



Vesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation is an approach that completely recreates all aspects of open cross-trigonal repair. Complications were uncommon and success rates were very high in the current study.



Vesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation is a minimally invasive procedure for the definitive repair of primary reflux. After the learning curve at the current institution, success rates were found to be equivalent to open repair and were higher than published reports of robot-assisted procedures.

Field of study: Medicine
The statistical mechanics of relativistic orbits around a massive black hole

Stars around a massive black hole (MBH) move on nearly fixed Keplerian orbits, in a centrally-dominated potential. The random fluctuations of the discrete stellar background cause small potential perturbations, which accelerate the evolution of orbital angular momentum by resonant relaxation. This drives many phenomena near MBHs, such as extreme mass-ratio gravitational wave inspirals, the warping of accretion disks, and the formation of exotic stellar populations. We present here a formal statistical mechanics framework to analyze such systems, where the background potential is described as a correlated Gaussian noise. We derive the leading order, phase-averaged 3D stochastic Hamiltonian equations of motion, for evolving the orbital elements of a test star, and obtain the effective Fokker–Planck equation for a general correlated Gaussian noise, for evolving the stellar distribution function. We show that the evolution of angular momentum depends critically on the temporal smoothness of the background potential fluctuations. Smooth noise has a maximal variability frequency . We show that in the presence of such noise, the evolution of the normalized angular momentum of a relativistic test star, undergoing Schwarzschild (in-plane) general relativistic precession with frequency , is exponentially suppressed for , where , due to the adiabatic invariance of the precession against the slowly varying random background torques. This results in an effective Schwarzschild precession-induced barrier in angular momentum. When jb is large enough, this barrier can have significant dynamical implications for processes near the MBH.

Field of study: Physics
Admissible embedding of L-groups and essentially tame local Langlands correspondence

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field and $G$ be the general linear group $\mathrm{GL}_n$ over $F$. Based on the previous results of the author, we can describe the Langlands parameter of an essentially tame supercuspidal representation of $G(F)$ by those admissible embeddings of L-groups constructed by Langlands and Shelstad. We therefore provide a different interpretation on Bushnell and Henniart's essentially tame local Langlands correspondence.

Field of study: Mathematics
Interaction of berberine chloride with deoxyribonucleic acids: evidence for base and sequence specificity.

The interaction of berberine chloride with natural and synthetic DNAs of differing base composition and sequences was followed by various spectroscopic and viscometric studies. The binding of berberine chloride was characterized by hypochromism and bathochromism in the absorption bands, enhancement of fluorescence intensity, stabilization against thermal denaturation, perturbations in the circular dichroic spectrum, increase in the contour length of sonicated rod-like DNA and induction of unwinding-rewinding process of covalently closed superhelical DNA, depending on the base composition and sequences of base pairs. Binding parameters determined from absorbance and fluorescence titration by Scatchard analysis, according to an excluded-site model, indicated a very high specificity of berberine to AT-rich DNAs and alternate AT polymer. Fluorescence quantum yield was maximum for the complexes with AT-rich DNAs and alternate AT polymer. Taken together, these results suggest that berberine chloride exhibits considerable specificity towards alternating AT polymer and binds to AT-rich DNAs by a mechanism of classical intercalation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Antibodies against B7-DC with differential binding properties exert opposite effects.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunoregulatory receptor on T cells that binds two ligands, B7-H1 and B7-DC. Although accumulating reports suggest a critical role for the B7-H1:PD-1 pathway in peripheral tolerance, the actual involvement of B7-DC has not been well confirmed. Here, we established a new MAb against mouse B7-DC (MIH37) and compared its functional properties with a previously established anti-B7-DC MAb (TY25). Binding analyses using flow cytometry demonstrated that MIH37 showed an approximately four-fold higher binding affinity to B7-DC and stronger inhibitory effects on B7-DC:PD-1 binding. In contrast to the effects of TY25, treatment with MIH37 at both sensitization and challenge inhibited hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, the addition of MIH37 inhibited OVA-specific T cell responses in vitro. The inhibitory effects of MIH37 were counteracted by co-blockade with PD-1 and absent in PD-1-deficient mice, suggesting PD-1-dependent action of MIH37. Our present results suggest that greater complexities of PD-1-mediated functions are induced via ligand binding for controlling immunity and tolerance.

Field of study: Biology
Reengineering for service oriented architectures: A strategic decision model for integration versus migration

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a popular paradigm at present because it provides a standards-based conceptual framework for flexible and adaptable enterprise wide systems. This implies that most present systems need to be reengineered to become SOA compliant. However, SOA reengineering projects raise serious strategic as well as technical questions that require management oversight. This paper, based on practical experience with SOA projects, presents a decision model for SOA reengineering projects that combines strategic and technical factors with cost-benefit analysis for integration versus migration decisions. The paper identifies the key issues that need to be addressed in enterprise application reengineering projects for SOA, examines the strategic alternatives, explains how the alternatives can be evaluated based on architectural and cost-benefit considerations and illustrates the main ideas through a detailed case study.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Using teaching observations to reflect upon and improve teaching practice in higher education

In order to improve teaching and learning within a faculty, an action research intervention involving peer observation of teaching staff via an expert was designed and implemented. A total of ten staff (including the first author) were observed over the year. The process consisted of observation at class, a written report, discussion between teacher and observer, and a group debrief. A follow-up written questionnaire was emailed to the ten participants and the qualitative responses were analyzed. Key findings for practice were: that staff recommended the process be continued; that it remain voluntary; that an external expert be retained; that the group processes were important; and that there be ongoing follow-up.

Field of study: Education
Gene-Syntax Approach to Protection and Planning of the Grand Canal Ancient Town: The Case of Dongpu Ancient Town

With the advancement of new urbanization and the success of the Canal heritage application, Canal ancient town as a special type of small town has received increasing attention. This paper looks at Dongpu ancient town's space protection and its organic renewal, and tentatively proposes the Gene-Syntax research approach. First, drawing on Space syntax and its computation software Depthmap, the paper employs axis method to compute the core integration of Dongpu ancient town. This helps to identify the area with the highest degree of core integration in Dongpu ancient town. Second, by reviewing the inheritance principles of the Cultural Genes of Dongpu ancient town, the paper identifies the area with the most 'goodness-of-fit' within Dongpu ancient town. The paper points out the direction of ancient town protection and renewal, and contributes to exploratory research on the cultural rejuvenation of ancient town.

Field of study: Engineering
Cell-type-specific expression and regulation of a c-fos-NGF fusion gene in neurons and astrocytes of transgenic mice.

A mouse line transgenic for nerve growth factor (NGF) was developed using the mouse prepro-NGF cDNA inserted within a plasmid containing the proximal region (-10 to -550 bp) of the c-fos promoter and the transcription termination and polyadenylation signals of the rabbit beta-globin gene. No significant modification of gross behavior or central nervous system anatomy was detected in adult animals as assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for NGF and choline acetyltransferase. The expression of the transgene and the possible regulation of its expression by agents acting on the promoter were investigated in vitro. Despite the presence of an additional pool of NGF mRNA specific to the transgene, basal levels of NGF in the supernatant of transgenic astrocytes were similar to normal ones. On the other hand, transgenic neurons spontaneously synthesized and released levels of NGF two to three times higher than normal neurons, while mRNA levels were barely detectable by conventional Northern blotting. The tissue-specificity of NGF expression was respected, with higher levels in hippocampal than neocortical neurons. Increases of NGF mRNA by agents acting on the promoter could be observed in normal and transgenic astrocytes only after inhibition of the protein synthesis by cycloheximide, suggesting a similar rapid turnover of normal and transgenic transcripts. Cyclic AMP agonists specifically increased the secretion of NGF protein by transgenic astrocytes and neurons, while activators of the protein kinase C had a similar effect on transgenic and normal cells. Differences between amounts of NGF secreted by neurons and astrocytes with regards to their respective content in mRNA suggest that transgenic transcripts are subject to normal cell- and tissue-specific post-transcriptional regulations. Agents acting on the c-fos promoter through the protein kinase C or cyclic AMP routes differentially increased the secretion of NGF by transgenic astrocytes or neurons, supporting this hypothesis.

Field of study: Biology