nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Need for botulinum toxin injection and bladder augmentation after isolated bladder outlet procedure in pediatric patients with myelomeningocele.

In patients with neurogenic bladder outlet incompetence, a bladder outlet procedure (BOP) may be required to achieve urinary continence. However, when performed in isolation, a BOP can be associated with bladder deterioration and upper-tract injury. In the event of bladder deterioration, additional procedures such as bladder augmentation (BA) or botulinum toxin injection (BTI) may be pursued.



The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes after isolated BOP in a pediatric myelomeningocele (MMC) population, including the need for additional surgical intervention in the form of BTI or BA.



A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients with MMC who underwent an isolated BOP between 2004 and 2017. Primary outcomes included the need for postoperative BTI or BA. Secondary outcomes included the association between preoperative urodynamic parameters and need for BTI or BA.



BTI or BA was performed in 18 of 36 (50%) patients at a median of 17.8 months (IQR 11.2-29.3) after an isolated BOP. A median of 1 (IQR 1-3) BTI was performed in 11 (30.6%) patients. BA was performed in 9 (25%) patients, including 2 patients who previously underwent BTI. Patients who did not undergo BTI or BA after BOP had a slightly increased percentage estimated bladder capacity at the end of follow-up (107% versus 95%, p=0.42). By contrast, patients who underwent BTI or BA had a post-BOP percentage estimated bladder capacity that decreased from 112 to 70% (p < 0.001), increased maximum detrusor leak point pressure from 43 to 67 cm H2O (p = 0.01), and higher rate of de novo upper-tract changes. Unfortunately, no preoperative clinical, radiographic, or urodynamic factors predicted the need for BTI or BA.



On time-to-event analysis, the risk of BTI or BA was 53% at 5 years in our cohort. Risk of these procedures was highest in the first two years after BOP. 9 of 11 (82%) patients who underwent BTI had improvement in bladder dynamics and BA was not pursued. These findings suggest that BTI provides a less-morbid alternative to BA in patients with MMC and de novo adverse bladder storage changes after an isolated BOP.



The need for BTI or BA after an isolated BOP is significant in patients with MMC. BTI offers a less-invasive alternative to BA in this population.

Field of study: Medicine
The Higher Education We Choose, Collectively: Reembodying and Repoliticizing Choice

Reviewing three key areas of literature in our field (college choice, state policy, and faculty) the article identifies gaps that we can fill by reembodying and repoliticizing “choice,” by which is meant moving beyond the individualized and “neutral” market logic in addressing the actions of collective entities in relation to politically charged policy issues, which we largely overlook. In calling our field to focus more on the “the higher education we choose,” the article suggests reframing the prevailing premises of key public policy debates. It also suggests rethinking and recognizing the role that in our applied field we collectively play, in research and practice, in reconstructing academe. Underlying my centering of the “collective” throughout, is a call to recenter higher education’s social value and societal benefits in the higher education we choose, collectively.

Field of study: Education
Priming and Social Categorizational Factors

Priming and social categorizational factors are discussed relative to the possibility that individuals may misinterpret some kidnapping incidents as innocuous occurrences. Subjects either were or were not exposed to a prime (a poster requesting information about a genuinely missing child) before entering a study in which they viewed a videotape that contained an ambiguous interaction between an adult and a child. This interaction was one that could potentially have been interpreted as a child-napping. The adult was either male or female. Subjects made a number of judgments about the actions observed in the tape, including responding yes or no to an item that asked if the tape contained an emergency situation. Data analysis indicated that subjects in the prime condition were significantly more likely to conclude that the taped incident did contain an emergency; that this conclusion was significantly more likely when the abductor was male rather than female; and that this conclusion was most likely to occur in the male abductor/prime present condition.

Field of study: Psychology
The Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Relatives of Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study Group: Comments

The first-degree relatives of patients who have subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms are themselves at risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage. We studied the benefits and risks of screening for aneurysms in the first-degree relatives of patients with sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage.  We screened 626 first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, or children) of 160 patients with sporadic subarachnoid hemorrhage, from a prospective series of 193 consecutive index patients. Magnetic resonance angiography was the screening tool, and conventional angiography was used as the reference test in subjects thought to have aneurysms. Six months after elective operation, outcome was assessed by means of the modified Rankin scale of neurologic function. This observational study design was combined with a decision-analysis model to estimate the effectiveness of screening. The efficiency of screening was defined by the number of relatives who needed to be screened in order to prevent o...

Field of study: Medicine
Co-crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the high mobility group domain of HMG-D bound to DNA.

Structural studies are essential to understand mechanisms of non-sequence-specific DNA binding used by chromosomal proteins. A non-histone high-mobility group (HMG) chromosomal protein from Drosophila melanogaster, HMG-D, binds duplex DNA in a non-sequence-specific fashion. The DNA-binding domain of HMG-D has been co-crystallized with a duplex DNA fragment in the primitive orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell dimensions a = 43.74, b = 53.80, c = 86.84 A. Data have been collected to 2.20 A at 99 K, with diffraction observed to at least 2.0 A. Heavy-atom derivative crystals have been obtained by co-crystallization with oligonucleotides halogenated at major-groove positions near the end of the DNA.

Field of study: Chemistry
Damping of patched structures subjected to acoustic fatigue : A numerical study

This numerical study seeks to evaluate a set of reinforcement/damping treatment options to alleviate the acoustic fatigue damage ofthe nacelle panel ofthe F/A-18 aircraft. This study focuses on the use of constrained layer damping to increase the structural loss factor in the nacelle region in a bid to reduce the incidence of acoustic fatigue. The findings of this report show that where add-on damping material is to be implemented on a repair/reinforcement, orthotropic material, (e.g. boron/epoxy), is a more appropriate material to use as a repair/reinforcement material than isotropic material, e.g. aluminium. In addition, the results presented in this paper revealed that boron/epoxy laminate can be used as an alternative constraining layer for the damping treatment in regions of intense acoustic excitation.

Field of study: Materials science
Clarifying the Ownership of Collective Land and Promoting the Reform of Rural Tax and Fee

Based on the analysis of disadvantages and influences of the ownership system of rural collective land, this article discusses the ways to clarify the ownership of collective land and promote reform of rural tax and fee. These solutions include clarifying the body right of quasi ownership of collective land, making clearly the ownership form of rural land , delimiting the relation of rent, tax and fee ,and developing the protection of legislation.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Voice call capacity analysis of long range WiFi as a femto backhaul solution

In many rural and developing countries, the high cost of deploying and operating traditional telecommunications equipment mean that there are many areas that lack basic telecommunications infrastructure; this is further exacerbated by the low returns on investment that can be achieved. However, the increasing availability of low-cost femtocell equipment presents a potential solution. This paper investigates the feasibility of using long range WiFi as a backhauling solution for femtocell network deployments. Specifically, the number of high quality circuit switched AMR voice and packet switched AMR VoIP calls that can be supported via femtocells using long range WiFi backhauling is analysed. An adapted variant of the E-Model, which supports the AMR codec, is used to assess the end-to-end voice quality that would be achieved. In order to validate the obtained results both an analytical model and an NS-3 simulation based capacity analysis are presented, with both sets of results showing a high degree of correlation. The results show that a relatively large number of simultaneous AMR voice calls can be supported. This demonstrates the feasibility of using WiFi as a backhauling solution to deploy low-cost femtocell networks in areas were previously it has not been economically viable.

Field of study: Computer science
Optimization of the design for beamline with fast polarization switching elliptically polarized undulators.

Fast switching of X-ray polarization with a lock-in amplifier is a good method for acquiring weak signals from background noise for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments. The usual way to obtain a beam with fast polarization switching is to use two series of elliptically polarized undulators (tandem twin EPUs). The two EPUs generate two individual beams. Each beam has a different polarization and is fast switched into the beamline. It is very important to ensure that the energy resolution, the flux and the spot size at the sample of the two beams are equal in XMCD experiments. However, it is difficult in beamline design because the distances from the two EPUs to the beamline optics are different and the beamline is not switchable. In this work, a beamline design without an entrance slit for fast polarization switching EPUs is discussed. The energy resolution of the two beams can be tuned to be equal by minor rotation of the optics in the monochromator. The flux of the two beams can be balanced through separation blades X, Y in the exit slit, and by adjusting the position of the X blades along the beam. The spot size of the two beams can be adjusted to be equal by shifting the sample as well.

Field of study: Physics
Transient radiation response of jfets and misfets at cryogenic temperatures

This paper provides experimental and analytical data on the transient radiation response and d.c. electrical characteristics of JFETs and MISFETs at cryogenic temperatures. Experimental measurements were performed on commercially available silicon devices over the temperature range 4.2°K to 300°K. A 2 Mev Flash X-ray Facility was used for the photocurrent measurements. The theoretical effort provides a compilation of silicon properties at cryogenic temperatures and scopes out the first-order temperature dependence of JFETs and MISFETs. It was observed that (a) the MISFET functioned well at channel temperatures down to 4.2°K, (b) the JFET would not conduct current at channel temperatures below 50°K (though it could be held on by self-heating at case temperatures down to 4.2°K), (c) the photocurrents of each device enhanced by a factor of 2 or more at temperatures below 40°K. The results are in general agreement with first-order theory, but many problems must be resolved to achieve adequate modeling and understanding of relevant phenomena.

Field of study: Physics
A Novel Miniaturization Technique of a Microstrip Patch Antenna using Patch Resonators

Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in mobile and satellite communication systems due to their great advantages of low cost, low profile, lightweight and easy fabrication. However, the dimensions of a classical patch antenna are on the order of half a wavelength. This paper proposes a new approach to reduce the size of the antenna by embedding several patch resonators in an antenna substrate. Periodically installed resonators are expected to exhibit slow-wave effects. First of all, a microstrip delay line having a train of patch resonators in its substrate is demonstrated theoretically by the conventional FDTD method, and the slow-wave effect is discussed. Next, a 2-dimentional patch resonator array is applied to a microstrip patch antenna, and the effectiveness of the proposed structure is evaluated in the respect of antenna dimensions. Also, several experiments have been carried out to confirm the theoretical predictions. Using a prototype model fabricated on an LTCC substrate, the size reduction of more the 50% is attained.

Field of study: Computer science
Risk factors associated with mortality from vascular thromboembolic events in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based analysis

Lung cancer patients are at increased risk for vascular events possibly due to cancer induced hypercoagulation.



The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with the mortality from vascular thromboembolic events in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).



Retrospective population-based analysis.



We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 2004 - 2013 and evaluated 199,337 patients with NSCLC. Univariate and multivariate subdistribution hazard regression models were used to identify potential risk factors for mortality from vascular thromboembolic events. Stratification analysis against clinical stage was performed to determine if the severity of the disease influenced the identified associations.



Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that increased risk of mortality due to vascular thromboembolic events was associated with age, black race, non-adenocarcinoma histology, surgical treatment alone (all, p < 0.001) and north central region of SEER registry (p = 0.003). Female gender (p < 0.001), Asian or Pacific Islander race (p = 0.001), multiple co-existing primary cancers and late cancer stages (both, p < 0.001) were associated with significantly lower risk of mortality due to vascular thromboembolic events. The significant predictors of mortality from the vascular thromboembolic event were dependent on the stages of the disease.



Risk factors associated with mortality from the vascular thromboembolic events in NSCLC patients identified in this study can promote awareness and may help to identify groups of patients that can benefit from antithrombotic prophylaxis measures.

Field of study: Medicine
Dispersion of small amplitute stress waves in pre-stressed elastic, visco-plastic cylindrical bars

The effect of geometrical dispersion on the propagation of longitudinal harmonic stress waves in prestressed elastic, visco-plastic bars is investigated. The solution involves the Hunter and Johnson approximation in which radial and axial displacements and all components of stress tensor are expanded as power series in the radial coordinate. It is shown that the dispersion of the sinusoidal waves is generated by the two simultaneously acting phenomena. These are the purely geometrical dispersion produced by the influence of a free boundary of the bar and the viscous dispersion caused by the viscous properties of material. The obtained solution embraces the combined effect of the phenomena mentioned above. A numerical example is presented in which constants of material characteristic for mild steel were used. The result of the computations provides a plot of phase and group velocities and damping coefficient against the frequency of harmonic waves. The present solution has been compared with the Hunter and Johnson solution for strain-hardening elastic-plastic material and with the exact Pochhammer-Chree solution for elastic rods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Renaissance sexuality and the Florentine Archives: an exchange. The "lesbian" nun of Judith Brown: a different conclusion.

enedetta Carlini, a mystic and visionary who rose from countryside origins to become abbess of the Theatine convent known as Holy Mary of Pescia (Tuscany), was a "lesbian." For her crimes she was imprisoned for thirty-five years until her death in I66I, at the age of seventy-one. Abbess Benedetta's fascinating story is reconstructed by historian Judith C. Brown in Immodest Acts: The Life ofa Lesbian Nun in Renaissance Italy (New York and Oxford:  1985). According to Brown, Sister Benedetta was subjected to two "investigations." The first, conducted by local church officials, began on 27 May, 1619, the very day after she became Christ's bride in a public ceremony to which she had invited the leading citizens of Pescia to join the convent nuns as witnesses. During fourteen clearly dated and thoroughly documented interrogations of Benedetta and several other sisters listed by name, evidence emerged on a wide array of spiritual graces manifest in the holy woman: an exchange of mystical love during which Jesus removed her heart (leaving a void that her companion could feel) and returned three days later, accompanied by a throng of saints, to replace it with his own larger one; stigmata, from which blood flowed freely, received as she lay in bed; a crown of thorns; and a golden wedding band from her spiritual marriage. On each of their visits the investigators checked and rechecked the physical evidence, and also explored the doctrinal correctness of her many visions and ecstatic experiences. Notwithstanding some troublesome questions, these men concluded that

Field of study: History
Strahlungseinfang langsamer Neutronen im thermischen und Resonanz-Bereich

Within the framework of the many-levelR-matrix formalism the theory ofLane andLynn allows one to calculate the partial cross sections for radiative capture of thermal and resonance energy neutrons. If the cross section for capture to a given final state of the product nucleus has been measured for a number of neutron energies in the thermal and resonance regions, then the variation of the above cross section with incident neutron energy can be completely determined. This calculation has been carried out for the reaction Mn55(n, γ) Mn56 for two distinct final states of Mn56, where enough data are available to fix the parameters for resonance internal capture.

Field of study: Physics
Bioefficacy of Certain Insecticides Against the Castor Capsule Borer (Dichocrocis Punctiferalis) Guenea

Field evaluation of certain insecticides against castor capsule borer (Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee) revealed that the lowest infestation was in plots sprayed with 0.04% monocrotophos followed by those applied with 1.5% quinalphos dust, and 1.5% chlorpyriphos dust which were on a par. The highest seed yield (2029 kgfha) was obtained with monocrotophos 0.04%, and next in order were methyl parathion 2% dust and chlorpyriphos 1.5% dust, these two being on a par. The mabximum economic advantage (NICBR) was recorded by 2% methyl parathion (1:4.8) followed by 0.04% monocrotophos (1:3) and 0.05% dichlorvos (1:2.8).

Field of study: Biology
Investigation of Electroplastic Effect on Four Grades of Duplex Stainless Steels

Since the late 1950s, an effect of electrical current in addition to joule heating on the deformation of metals called the Electroplastic Effect (EPE) has been known. It is used nowadays in the so-called Electrically Assisted Forming (EAF) processes, but the understanding of the phenomenon is not very clear yet. It has been found that EPE increases the formability of high stacking fault energy (SFE) materials, while low SFE materials reach fracture prematurely. Since Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) possess a microstructure consisting of two phases with very different SFE (low SFE austenite and high SFE ferrite) and they are widely used in industry, we investigated EPE on those alloys. Tensile tests at 5 A/mm2, 10 A/mm2 and 15 A/mm2 current densities along with thermal counterparts were conducted on UNS S32101, UNS S32205, UNS S32304 and UNS S32750. The DSS grades were characterized by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and their mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, total elongation, uniform elongation and yield stress). An increase in uniform elongation for the electrical tests compared to the thermal counterparts as well as an increase in total elongation was found. No differences were observed on the yield stress and on the ultimate tensile strength. Un uneven distribution of the current because of the different resistivity and work hardening of the two phases has been hypothesized as the explanation for the positive effect of EPE.

Field of study: Materials science
Characteristics of topography and vegetation at boundaries between the beach and dune on residential shorefront lots in two municipalities in New Jersey, USA

Natural and cultural characteristics at seaward boundaries of residential lots are examined to identify ways of making these boundaries more naturally functioning. Field data on lot size, house size, type and location of the seaward-most vertical structure, and window height are compared with topography and vegetation on the backdune, foredune, foreslope, and flat seaward of the foredune. Results indicate that intensively developed coastlines can retain natural dune features on private property if residents allow ecological boundaries to replace cultural boundaries. Appropriate management actions include: (1) discouraging planting of exotics, (2) building houses at higher elevations, so residents can retain views of the sea as dunes grow, (3) elevating boardwalks to facilitate transfers of sediment and biota, (4) discouraging use of fences to demarcate lot lines, (5) restricting use of sand-trapping fences, and (6) placing cultural features on landward sides of lots to provide space for nature to evolve.

Field of study: Environmental science
Oxidation of Secondary Amines with NiSO4-K2S2O8

The catalytic system consisting of NiSO4 and K2S2O8 has been found to be effective for the oxidation of secondary amines to imines. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline was oxidized to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline as the main product with a small amount of isoquinoline. N-Benzylaniline gave N-benzylideneaniline and a N-N coupling dimer.

Field of study: Chemistry
Charmed mesons at finite temperature and chemical potential

We compute the masses of the pseudoscalar mesons π + , K 0 and D + at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential. The computations are based on a symmetry-preserving Dyson-Schwinger equation treatment of a vector-vector four quark contact interaction. The results found for the temperature dependence of the meson masses are in qualitative agreement with lattice QCD data and QCD sum rules calculations. The chemical potential dependence of the masses provide a novel prediction of the present computation.

Field of study: Physics