nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain reactivity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without cerebral involvement.

A prospective clinical study of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus has been completed. A highly significant association between serum lymphocytotoxicity and the development of cerebral manifestations was observed. While lymphocytotoxic antibodies from patients with cerebral lupus were absorbed by homogenates of human brain, those from patients who at no time had evidence of cerebral disease failed to cross-react with brain. It is suggested that subpopulations of lymphocytotoxic antibodies differ in their brain reactivity, and that one population may be causally related to the development of some of the features of cerebral lupus.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Carnallite-Sylvite Relationships in the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation, Saskatchewan

Abrupt lateral and vertical changes from red carnallitite (carnallite-halite rock) to red sylvinite (sylvite-halite rock) occur in the Prairie Evaporite Formation between Watrous and Kandahar, Saskatchewan. Such changes are of considerable economic importance, since carnallite has undesirable physical properties and a relatively low content of potassium. The following four types of relationship between sylvinite and carnallitite are considered: (1) the rocks are facies equivalents deposited in different areas from essentially contemporaneous brines; (2) carnallite formed by reaction of sylvite with magnesium chloride brines; (3) sylvite derived from carnallite by leaching of magnesium chloride; (4) sylvite, as presently found, not directly related to carnallite, but formed through solution of pre-existing sylvite with subsequent crystallization. Sylvinite overlies carnallitite, the reverse of a normal depositional sequence. The distribution of traces of bromide and rubidium in the chloride minerals indicates that red sylvinite was formed by leaching of magnesium chloride from carnallitite. This conclusion is substantiated by textural observations at carnallite-sylvite contacts, where red sylvite has replaced carnallite and inherited iron-oxide inclusions from carnallite. A comparison of the proportions of carnallite and sylvite, in a given potash zone, from a region of carnallitite to an adjacent region of sylvinite, reveals that the amount of sylvite present corresponds to the amount which could be derived from carnallite by leaching of magnesium chloride. The potash zones are cumulatively about 50 ft thicker where they are red carnallitite than where they are red sylvinite. Since the total thickness of salts can be determined by seismic techniques, this provides a valuable prospecting guide to the presence of local areas of carnallitite. Not all the sylvite present is derived from red carnallite. A clear variety of sylvite, termed “clear sylvite,” can be distinguished from red sylvite by the absence of iron-oxide inclusions and by a relatively small rubidium content (0.003 weight percent). Petrographic evidence indicates that red carnallite locally has replaced clear sylvite. Seventeen potassium-argon dates on red sylvite range from Permian to Mississippian; two samples gave younger ages. These are minimum ages and the alterations of carnallite to sylvite may have been essentially contemporaneous with deposition.

Field of study: Geology
Stamina characteristics and training of players at different positions in basketball

Basketball players' stamina training has become an important constituent part of the basketball training system; it is closely combined with technical and tactical training; it is the basic assurance for technical and tactical application in competition. The existence of position division in basketball games and the differences in technical and tactical characteristics make the differences in stamina characteristics of players at different positions; while stamina training is improved comprehensively, action-specific training should be carried out according to players' different positions: a center player should focus mainly on contest power, emphasize large muscle group training; a forward player should focus mainly on enhancing short distance speed ability and explosive power, and also value small muscle group training; a guard player should strengthen explosive speed and power training on the basis of enhancing quick responding ability and coordinating ability.

Field of study: Education
EC and α decays of 235Am

EC and α decays of 235Am have been studied using a gas-jet coupled on-line isotope separator. Excited states in 235Pu have been established for the first time by means of γ-ray spectroscopy following the EC decay of 235Am. The deduced log ft value suggests that the ground state of 235Am should have the π5/2-[523] configuration. The α-γ coincidence result has revealed that the π5/2-[523] state in 231Np populated by the favored α transition of 235Am is located at < 15 keV, which allows us to precisely determine the Qα value of 235Am.

Field of study: Physics
Acoustic mapping as an environmental management tool: I. Detection of barrels of low-level radioactive waste, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, California

The oceans have been and will continue to be disposal sites for a wide variety of waste products. Often these wastes are not dumped at the designated sites or transport occurs during or after dumping, and, subsequent attempts to monitor the effects the waste products have on the environment are inadequate because the actual location of the waste is not known. Acoustic mapping of the seafloor with sidescan sonar is a very effective technique for locating and monitoring dredge-spoil material and other debris. Sidescan sonar provides an acoustic image or sonograph of the sea floor that is similar to a satellite image of the Earth's land surface. In effect sidescan sonar allows the water column to be stripped from the sea floor, thereby providing a clear, unobstructed view of the sea bed. An example of the potential of this technique is summarized herein for the Gulf of the Farallones region. More than 47 800 drums (55 gallon) and other containers of low-level radioactive waste were dumped on the continental margin offshore the San Francisco Bay between 1946 and 1970. These drums now litter a large area (1200 km 2 ) of the sea floor within the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS). The exact location of the drums and the potential hazard the drums pose to the environment are unknown. To evaluate the risk, samples of the sediment, biota and water must be collected near and distant from the concentrations of barrels. To do this the exact location of the barrels must be known prior to sampling. The USGS, through a cooperative research agreement with GFNMS, used sidescan sonar to map two areas within the sanctuary. Total sea-floor coverage was obtained and computer-processed sonographic mosaics were constructed on board ship. Many small nongeologic targets were distributed throughout the survey areas that covered about 70 km 2 on the shelf and 120 km 2 on the slope. Analysis of the sidescan data suggests that the targets are 55-gallon drums. This interpretation was confirmed at one site with an underwater video and 35-mm camera system. Data were collected with both a 30-kHz and a 120-kHz sidescan system within a 15-km 2 area on the shelf. We found that the barrels were more easily detected with the mid-range 30-kHz system than with the higher resolution 120-kHz system. Maps of barrel distribution derived from the sonographs are being used to design sampling schemes to evaluate the risk that the radioactivity may have on the biota and environment.

Field of study: Environmental science
Tuberous sclerosis: a syndrome of incomplete tumor suppression.

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a congenital neurocutaneous syndrome (or phacomatosis) characterized by widespread development of hamartomas in multiple organs. For affected individuals, neurological and psychiatric complications are the most disabling and lethal features. Although the clinical phenotype of TS is complex, only three lesions characterize the neuropathological features of the disease: cortical tubers, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. The latter is a benign brain tumor of mixed neuronal and glial origin. Tuberous sclerosis is caused by loss-of-function mutations in one of two genes, TSC1 or TSC2. The normal cellular proteins encoded by these genes, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, form a heterodimer that suppresses cell growth in the central nervous system by dampening the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction pathway. The authors review the clinical and neuropathological features of TS as well as recent research into the molecular biology of this disease. Through this work, investigators are beginning to resolve the paradoxical findings that malignant cancers seldom arise in patients with TS, even though the signaling molecules involved are key mediators of cancer cell growth.

Field of study: Medicine
Study on Thermal Diffusion of Zinc-Aluminum Coating on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

A protecting layer of zinc-aluminum coating on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy was obtained by thermal spraying. In order to enhance the integrating strength between magnesium alloy matrix and zinc-aluminum coating, The heat diffasion treatment was used to forme the metalturgy combination,the effects of temperature and time on the microstructure and property of the coating were exptored. The results show that a diffusion fusion layer is formed between the substrate and the coating, and the integrating strength is greatly improved,the optimization heat diffusion process is at 300℃ for two hours.

Field of study: Materials science
A Case Study of Pruritic Eczema Treated by Relaxation and Imagery

A 25-yr.-old white, married female was treated for chronic pruritic eczema through the use of frontalis EMG, relaxation, and imagery training. The biofeedback readings, ratings of the pruritus (0 to 5) and ratings of skin smoothness (0 to 5) were made over 10 sessions. Although the EMG measures did not decrease significantly, the rash disappeared completely. A 1-yr. follow-up confirmed disease control.

Field of study: Psychology
K - Induced Crop Resistance Against Certain Insect Pests of Paddy - I. Sap Sucking Insects

Enhanced rate of potash at 2C0 kg/ha levels has been shown to harbour lesser population of both Green Leaf Hopper and Brown Plant Hopper in paddy. A maximum of 42.12 per cent reduction at 250 kgK/ha was possible at a pest load of 13.20 numbers of insects in the control.

Field of study: Biology
Amino acid- and pterin-metal chemistry as an approach to biological functions

The aromatic rings of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (Trp) have been shown to be involved in aromatic ring stacking with other aromatic rings such as 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) in ternary metal complexes as prototypes of the enzyme-metal- substrate intermediate in metalloenzyme catalysis. Stability enhancement primarily due to the intramolecular stacking in ternary Cu(I1) complexes was concluded from the equilibrium constants for hypothetical equilibria involving formation of ternary complexes with stacked rings. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the ternary Cu(I1) complexes revealed the stacking interaction in the solid state, supporting the conclusion from the solution studies. Theoretical calculation on (Cu(Trp)(bpy)(H20))+ afforded the fully optimized structure that is very similar to the one revealed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The structures of the metal complexes with pterin derivatives and the redox reactions with tetrahydropterins have been revealed as a step toward understanding the mechanism of the hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase in the presence of a pterin cofactor which is regarded as a functionaliza- tion of aromatic amino acids.

Field of study: Chemistry
q-Rook Monoid Algebras, Hecke Algebras, and Schur–Weyl Duality

When we were at the beginnings of our careers, Sergei's support helped us to believe in our work. He generously encouraged us to publish our results on Brauer and Birman–Murakami–Wenzl algebras, results which had in part, or possibly in total, been obtained earlier by Sergei himself. He remains a great inspiration for us, both mathematically and in our memory of his kindness, modesty, generosity, and encouragement to the younger generation.  19 titles.

Field of study: Mathematics
The impact of adolescent binge drinking and sustained abstinence on affective state.

While it is clear that affect is negatively impacted by heavy drinking in adulthood and that it improves with abstinence, little is known about effects of heavy drinking on mood during adolescence.



This study examined negative mood states among 2 groups of 16- to 18-year-old high school students; youth with a history of recent heavy episodic drinking (HED; n = 39) and comparison youth with limited lifetime drinking experience (CON; n = 26). Affect was assessed at 3 time points during a 4- to 6-week period of monitored abstinence using the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety and Depression; self-reports were obtained with the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and experience sampling of current affect was assessed via daily text messages sent at randomly determined times in the morning, afternoon, and evening.



Youth with a recent history of HED reported more negative affect compared with nondrinking youth during early stages of abstinence (days since last HED at assessment 1: M = 6.46; SD = 5.06); however, differences in affect were not observed after 4 to 6 weeks of abstinence. Sex differences were evident, with HED girls reporting greater depression and anxiety than HED male peers. Although not significant, response patterns indicated that boys may experience faster resolution of negative emotional states than girls with sustained abstinence.



Findings suggest that high-dose drinking is associated with elevated negative affect for adolescents and that negative mood states may take longer to resolve for girls than for boys following heavy drinking episodes. Future research clarifying naturally occurring changes in affective response during early and sustained abstinence is necessary for improving programs designed to promote adolescent decision-making and to reduce risk for relapse.

Field of study: Medicine
Mechanisms of transfer reactions in low-energy collisions with neutron-enriched nuclei

A mechanism of neutron transfer between nuclei in close low-energy collisions is established. It includes three stages: the transformation of the initial one-nuclear state into a two-nucleus state, the transitions of this state to other molecular states, and the transformation of those states into one-nuclear states in which nuclei are separated from one another. An explanation is offered for the fusion of nuclei in the 18O + 58Ni reaction exceeding the cross section, relative to the 16O + 60Ni reaction.

Field of study: Physics
Relationship between postpartum reproductive performance and calving number in beef cows.

肉用牛の放牧飼養における分娩後の子宮修復,卵巣機能および受胎性と産次との関係について分析した。子宮修復までの日数は,産次が増加するに伴い長くなる傾向を示した。分娩後の初回排卵までの日数および発情回帰までの日数は,初産群でとくに遅れる傾向を示した。初回~2回目排卵および2回~3回目排卵までの日数,発情行動が伴った初回~3回目排卵の割合については,産次群の違いによる差は認められなかった。空胎期間は2産および3~5産群に比べ初産および6~10産群で長い傾向を示した。その原因としては,初産群では発情回帰が遅れたため,6~10産群では低受胎牛が増加したためであった。

Field of study: Biology
The Evolution of Evolutionary Economics: The Saga of a Wayward Book

Newtonian Classicism and Darwinian Institutionalism, the precursor of Evolutionary Economics, was published by the University of New Mexico Press in 1953. It was published in what was called "the scholarly series" and was bound in gray heavy cover paper with the print in blue. It was sufficiently drab so as not to detract from its "scholarly" classification. The press run was set by the then academic vice president at 500. He, a historian of Spanish colonial Yucatan, insisted that any publication that sold more than 500 in its lifetime was not scholarly. No promotion and no advertising were undertaken. Any notoriety received came only from the journal reviews. Although the then editor of The American Economic Review, Bernard Haley, did not see fit to have it reviewed in the premier American economic journal, it received full reviews in The Economic Journal of The Royal Economic Society, in the Economic Record of the royal Australian and New Zealand Economic Society, and The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science at Penn, as well as in The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly. Whether as a result of these reviews or because of word of mouth, within about three years the stock on hand had been reduced to something like twenty copies. The question arose about its reprinting. These were unheard of sales in "the scholarly series." The answer was clear. The academic vice president's mandate setting the press run precluded any reprinting. And there was none. Only individual orders were filled, and then only after weighing the "worthiness" of the request. One from the Air Force Academy about 1962 was filled with alacrity. A request from a University in Rumania was reluctantly filled only after I indicated, "If we can get behind the iron curtain, let's go. Bob Patton at Ohio State had used the original print in his graduate seminar. Patton was a person of direct action, and when NC&DI was not available, he issued a mimeographed edition, copyright laws be damned. Sometime in the late 1960s the UNM Press received a request to permit a mimeographed reprint of substantial parts of NC&DI from a faculty member at Dennison University, perhaps one of Patton's former students but one who was more fastidious about copyright law. At that time the UNM press was creating a paperback series out of some of its back stock. I was asked how many copies NC&DI would sell in two to three years. I responded that it might sell two thousand and maybe three. To my surprise they said,

Field of study: Economics
Novel Mechanism for Regulation of Endothelin Synthesis: Role of Extracellular pH

Several studies suggest that pH may be an important regulator of renal collecting duct endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis; the current study was undertaken to examine this interaction.  Rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells were exposed to varying extracellular pH and ET-1 biosynthetic pathways assessed.  Exposure of IMCD to varying pH revealed a strong direct correlation between media pH and both mature ET-1 and Big ET-1 release. A direct correlation also existed between cellular Big ET-1 content and pH. Varying media pH did not alter ET-1 mRNA content nor did it affect activity of a transfected 3.2 kb ET-1 promoter. Media pH did not affect ET-1 degradation nor did it alter IMCD cell total protein synthesis (3H-leucine incorporation). Attempts to measure ET-1 mRNA translation rate using His-Tag labeled ET-1 cDNA were not successful.  pH regulates IMCD ET-1 production through regulation of either mRNA translation or preproET-1 cleavage. This represents a novel mechanism for regulation of ET-1 synthesis.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
New Near-Infrared and Ultraviolet Gas-Proportional Scintillation Counters

New studies of gas-proportional scintillation counters have been performed using a large alpha source, reasonable spectral resolution (< 25-k), and including the strong near-infrared transitions in noble gases excluded in all previous studies. The results indicate that several new gas mixtures show promise for detectors to measure the neutron fluxes in a reactor over a wide range of values and in many nuclear physics applications where fast response and good energy resolution are desired. When used with an isotopic source the device can be used as a portable, variable-intensity light source or to detect trace amounts of atmospheric contaminants such as CO, NO, and Hg. The work also has provided useful data for laser systems pumped by ionizing radiation as well as for the operation of plasma display panels.

Field of study: Physics
PAYOFF CONTINUITY IN INCOMPLETE INFORMATION GAMES

An incomplete information game is defined by a probability distributionμover a type space and payoff functionsu. Probability distributionμ′ isstrategically closetoμif, for any bounded payoff functionsuand any equilibrium of the game (μ, u), there exists an approximate equilibrium of the game (μ′, u) under which all players get approximately the same payoffs. This note shows that two probability distributions are strategically close if and only if (1) they assign similar ex ante probability to all events; and (2) with high ex ante probability, it is approximate common knowledge that they assign similarconditionalprobabilities to all events.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, D82.

Field of study: Economics
Peer Mentoring and Its Implications in Students Support and Management in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case of Friends School Kamusinga (FSK), Bungoma County, Kenya

This paper reviews peer mentoring in Kenya which enables new students to be provided orientation by more senior peers. Peer mentors serve as their mentees thus make the transition to secondary schools smooth. Peer mentoring is an educational model that builds on peer support and mentoring to assist young learners to enhance social relationships, develop cognitive skills, and promote positive identity development in schools and instill discipline which this paper explores. It adopted Albert Bandura’s reciprocal determinism model.  The study used qualitative research design where focused group discussion (FGD), participant observation, interview guide and document analysis was used to collect data. The class teachers, senior teachers, Dean of students and students’ counselors including the school management were key informants. Ten FGD were interviewed. Research findings revealed that there was greater sense of self awareness and adjustment of the new students due to interaction and positive guidance by mentors. The new comers were able to be guided thus easy adjustment. Study revealed that few cases of indiscipline cases and attempted strikes were reported thus improved academic performance. Peer mentoring of new students with senior students have the transformative space to articulate their worldview and thinking. They can engage in peer feedback where they are positioned as leaders in the foreseeable future. The study findings are significant to educational managers in schools, Ministry of education and researchers on students’ welfare, discipline, modeling and support.  peer mentoring; discipline; adjustment; mentee; social relationship, role model DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-35-09 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

Field of study: Education