nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Middle and anterior cerebral arteries dissection as a cause of ischemic stroke in a 7-year-old boy].

Authors describe a 7-year-old boy, who developed a severe right-sided hemiparesis, aphasia, seizure, and confusion state during sport games. There was no headache. Allergic dermatitis in the past medical history and influenza vaccination 2 weeks before stroke were recorded. On the 12th day of disease, MRI of the brain revealed an acute infarction in the territory of left anterior and middle cerebral arteries with hemorrhagic transformation. MPA (15 day) showed occlusion of the left ACA and MCA. HR-MRI T1_db_fs weighted imaging (36 day) found intramural hematoma (IMH) in ACA and MCA with marked stenosis of the lumen. After 3 months, HR-MRI/MRA showed the complete regression of IMH, recanalization of the arterial lumen, prolonged irregular MCA stenosis. Neurological deficit regressed significantly.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Interleukin-27: a biomarker for prediction of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors

To analyze the predictive value of serum interleukin-27 (IL-27) for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from unrelated donors. 
 
 
 
Serum samples were collected from 72 patients after receiving allo-HSCT from unrelated donors during January to December 2012. Serum samples collected from 70 patients received allo-HSCT in 2013 were used for confirmation. All patients received myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to allo-HSCT. Cyclosporin A (CsA)+ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)+ short-term methotrexate (MTX) were used for GVHD prophylaxis. Serum IL-27 levels in patients with aGVHD were measured by ELISA. The predictive value of IL-27 index, defined as the ratio of serum IL-27 level at neutrophil engraftment to that before pre-conditioning regimen, for allogeneic HSCT was retrospectively analyzed. 
 
 
 
Serum IL-27 index was significantly decreased in patients with grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD (grade 0-Ⅰ∶1.89±0.68 vs grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ∶1.26±0.49; P<0.000 1). IL-27 index had good value for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD (AUC=0.782, 95% CI: 0.675-0.889, P<0.001). Patients with a lower serum IL-27 index (<1.33) were more likely to have a higher cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD than those with a higher serum IL-27 index (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that low IL-27 index was the most significant risk factor for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD (HR=4.50, 95% CI: 2.1-9.8, P<0.01). These findings were consistent with the results found in the serum samples collected in 2013. 
 
 
 
Low IL-27 index could be used to predict the incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD after allo-HSCT from unrelated donors. 
 
 
 
Biomarker; Graft-versus-host disease; IL-27; Unrelated donor transplantation

Field of study: Biology
Über Absorptionsmessungen und andere optische Untersuchungen an leuchtenden Stoffen mit Hilfe der Wechsellichtmethode

ZusammenfassungEs wird auf die Möglichkeit hingewiesen, mit intermittierendem Licht optische Untersuchungen an leuchtenden Stoffen mit der gleichen Wellenlänge vorzunehmen, die von den zu untersuchenden Strahlern selbst emittiert wird. Eine Apparatur für derartige Messungen wird beschrieben und es wird über einige zur Prüfung der Methode unternommene orientierende Messungen berichtet. Ferner wird ein kurzer Überblick über eine Reihe von Problemen gegeben, für deren Studium sich die beschriebene Apparatur als geeignet erweist.

Field of study: Physics
Breast milk, weight loss and hyperbilirubinemia in fitllterm newborn infants in the first week of life

The objectives were to find out the proportion of hiperhilinthinemia in term of breast-fed newborn infants, the figure of their weight loss and any significant difference in weight loss between hyperbilirubinemic group as compared with control. The subjects consist of a total of 210 singleton full-term newborn babies delivered in Dr. Sardjito Hospital from January 1 to June 30, 1992, with 5 minute Apgar score more than six and on permission of the mothers. The serum total bilirubin (TB) and unbound bilirubin (UB) were measured on day 3 and 5. TB concentration was measured spectrophotometrically and UB level was determined by peroxidase oxidation method using UB-analyzer, an automated micromethod. Body weight and first week conditions of the infants were recorded daily. Mean (Â± SD) TB and UB values in the third day were 10.30 Â± 3.42 mg% and 0.24 Â± 0.16 p.g%, respectively. The proportion of hyperbilirubinemia was 11.9%, in whom 44% received phototherapy (UB level 0.5 pg%). The mean weight loss (%) was 3.95 Â± 1.84: No statistically significant difference on weight loss was found between hyperbilinthinemic and control group (p > 0.05). Hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed term newborn infants can be considered a minor problem. Considering the benefit of mother milk, in particular for exclusive breast feeding, temporary cessation of breast feeding is not needed. On the contrary, more frequent suckling is advised with a close observation of UB levels.  breast feeding fulltenn infants hyperbilirubinemia unbound bilirubin weight loss

Field of study: Medicine
When Motivated Thought Leads to Heightened Bias: High Need for Cognition Can Enhance the Impact of Stereotypes on Memory

Four studies explored the relationship between need for cognition (the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking) and memory for stereotype-consistent and stereotype-neutral information. The data from all four studies showed that participants who were high in need for cognition remembered more stereotype-consistent information than participants who were low in need for cognition. Judgment data collected in Experiment 4 indicated that despite this memory difference, the judgments of those low in need for cognition were more influenced by stereotypes than the judgments of those who were high in need for cognition. These results suggest that stereotypes affect the cognitive processes of both those who are cognitively lazy and those who are cognitively active, but these stereotypes manifest themselves in different ways for individuals who differ in their level of need for cognition.

Field of study: Psychology
Investigation of Substrate Effects on Interface Strain and Defect Generation in MBE-Grown HgCdTe

Si, Ge, and GaAs have been extensively investigated as alternative substrates for molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of HgCdTe and, at present, are widely used for HgCdTe-based infrared focal-plane arrays. However, the problem of high dislocation density in HgCdTe layers grown on these lattice-mismatched substrates has yet to be resolved. In this work, we investigated another alternative substrate, GaSb, which has a significantly smaller lattice mismatch with HgCdTe in comparison with Si, Ge, and GaAs, and is readily available as large-area, epiready wafers at much lower cost in comparison with lattice-matched CdZnTe substrates. The resultant stress due to lattice and thermal mismatch between the HgCdTe epilayer and various substrates has been calculated in this work using the elasticity matrix, and the corresponding stress distribution simulated using ANSYS. The simulated structures were matched by experimental samples involving MBE growth of HgCdTe on GaAs, GaSb, and CdZnTe substrates, and were characterized via reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction analysis, followed by etch pit density (EPD) analysis. In comparison with other alternative substrates, GaSb is shown to have lower interface stress and lower EPD, rendering it an interesting and promising alternative substrate material for HgCdTe epitaxy.

Field of study: Materials science
Monitoring surface structure and interfacial properties via second harmonic generation

Several studies are presented which demonstrate the application of SHG to the study of interfaces. Results are reported for experiments correlating the 511 signal from the electrochemical silver/aqueous electrolyte junction with the electrostatics of the interface as simultaneously monitored by differential capacitance. For related studies, in situ measurements of the surface morphology and structural symmetry of immersed Ag(111) surfaces are presented. The third set of experiments examines the surface SHG from several technologically important semiconducting chalcogenide materials under ambient conditions.

Field of study: Chemistry
LOWEST-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHIRAL THREE-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS TO PAIRING PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR GROUND STATES

We perform a systematic study of the odd-even mass staggering generated using a pairing interaction computed at first order in low-momentum interactions. Building on previous work including the (nuclear plus Coulomb) two-nucleon interaction only, we focus here on the first-order contribution from chiral three-nucleon forces. We observe a significant repulsive effect from the three-nucleon interaction. The combined contribution from two- and three-nucleon interactions accounts for approximately 70% of the experimental pairing gaps. This leaves room for higher-order contributions to the pairing kernel and the normal self-energy that need to be computed consistently.

Field of study: Physics
Large Sample Multivariate Procedures for Comparing and Combining Effect Sizes Within a Single Study

AbstractSubjects from experimental and control groups are usually compared in evaluation and research studies in education. The comparison is frequently summarized in a treatment effect statistic. The purpose of this paper is to present large sample univariate methods for comparing effect sizes within a single study between independent groups of different subjects on a single dependent measurement and between independent groups that are assessed on the same dependent variable but using a different test. Effect sizes that are not found to differ can be pooled to determine an overall study effect. Each of these methods is illustrated using data from educational research. Estimates are presented for large sample situations.

Field of study: Education
Evaluating the potential of using fold-recognition models for molecular replacement.

Here, the proposal is investigated that protein tertiary structure prediction methods and threading methods in particular might be applied to the problem of solving a protein structure by X-ray crystallography, thus reducing the need for the more traditional experimental intensity methods of data phasing, such as heavy-metal isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering methods, and without reference to a very closely related protein of known structure. If this kind of approach were to become successful and reliable, this would represent a significant advance in protein structure determination, offering an easy and accessible method for the initial data phasing for proteins' crystal structures, utilizing the vast amount of structural data, deposited in the Brookhaven PDB, that has been accumulated over the past 30 years of crystallographic structural studies. In the light of the ongoing structural genomics initiatives, the successful development of this kind of approach would be of enormous benefit.

Field of study: Chemistry
Influence of antioxidant extraction on fermentability of olive biomass hydrolysates

Olive tree biomass has been proposed as raw material for ethanol production by means of a biochemical process. The pretreatment is one of the key steps which results in a celluloseenriched pretreated solid and a liquid fraction (hydrolysate) containing most of the hemicellulosic derived sugars, as well as degradation products from sugars and lignin and other minor components. It is of great interest the presence in these hydrolysates of compounds with antioxidant capacity, because their exploitation could affect positively the economy of the global process. This work deals with the fermentation of olive tree biomass hydrolysates by Pichia stipitis. Hydrolysates were prepared from biomass submitted to steam explosion and liquid hot water pretreatments, at different temperatures (170–240 ◦ C). Hydrolysates were further submitted to a process aimed at separating compounds with antioxidant capacity and improve fermentation results by eliminating yeast inhibitors. The fermentability of the hydrolysates before and after separation of these compounds is compared. Separation procedures include organic solvent extraction (e.g., ethyl acetate, which separates phenolic compounds) and ion exchange resins, which allow interesting compounds to be obtained, mainly hydroxytirosol. In the latter case, the process described in the patent procedure (US 2004/0102657A1) is followed, including the use of an anionic resin for retaining certain polyphenolic compounds, and then elution with water.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Parameter discretization in two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for fast fringe pattern analysis.

The two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) technique provides robust processing for digital fringe pattern analysis. To cope with the problem of long computation time, a concept called the cover map is introduced to speed up the 2D-CWT analysis. The cover map is constructed by discretizing the continuous dilation and rotation parameters. The discretized parameters help substantially reduce the processing time without affecting the analysis accuracy. The theories are presented and the validity and effectiveness of the proposed concept are demonstrated by computer simulation and real experiment.

Field of study: Physics
On the affirmative solution to Salem’s problem

The Salem problem to verify whether Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of the Minkowski question mark function vanish at infinity is solved recently affirmatively. In this paper by using methods of classical analysis and special functions we solve a Salem-type problem about the behavior at infinity of a linear combination of the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms. Moreover, as a consequence of the Salem problem, some asymptotic relations at infinity for the Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of a power m ∈ ℕ {m\in\mathbb{N}} of the Minkowski question mark function are derived.

Field of study: Philosophy
Structural course of the scission of 2, 4-dimethyl-l, 3-dioxalane by acetyl chloride

The reaction of 2, 4-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane with acetyl chloride in the presence of ZnCl2 catalyst gives only one of two expected chloropropylacetates (the 2-chloropropylacetate), along with propylene glycol diacetate, and resinous products, formed by splitting of the intermediate α-chloroesters, as well as by polymerization of the starting dioxolane. IR spectra confirmed the structure of the 2-chloropropylacetate. An attempt is made to explain the structural course of the reaction.

Field of study: Chemistry
OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOUR IN FOUR SPECIES OF DROSOPHILA

Debido a su importancia en la eficacia de los estadios preadultos, la eleccion del sitio de oviposicion ocupa un lugar esencial en la ecologia evolutiva de Drosophila, pues ella determina las interacciones entre especies que comparten recursos comunes. Drosophila subobscura Collin, que fue detectada en Chile por primera vez en 1978, se habia encontrado en la naturaleza, coexistiendo con D. hydei, D. immigrans y D. melanogaster, sobre frambuesa y manzana. La frambuesa ha sido usada solamente por D. subobscura como sitio de crianza; mientras tanto ella compartia la manzana con las otras especies. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue investigar la implicancia ecologica de conducta de oviposicion de la especie nueva; analizando algunos aspectos de la relacion preferencia-eficacia. Se han realizado dos experimentos con eleccion y sin eleccion del sitio de oviposicion. Los resultados han demostrado que todas las especies usaron ambos sustratos; sin embargo D. subobscura y D. melanogaster han preferido ovipositar en frambuesa, mientras D. hydei y D. immigrans lo hicieron en manzana. En cuanto a la relacion preferencia-eficacia, solamente D. melanogaster mostro dicha relacion en terminos del tiempo de desarrollo y viabilidad. Los factores fisicos del sustrato podrian haber sido involucrados en la preferencia. Estos resultados constituyen la primera prueba empirica de que D. subobscura esta constantemente colonizando nuevos sitios de crianza.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Direct Detection of Acetonitrile in Human Breath by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Breath analysis by virtue of its potential medical research value,and as a non-invasive sample,simple sampling and continuous available is of interest for modern clinical diagnosis and metabonomics.The concentration levels of acetonitrile,an important biomarker in human exhaled gas,are correlated with human health.Herein we constructed a novel platform of extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(EESI-MS) for direct,rapid detection of acetonitrile in human breath without any sample pretreatment.Under the optimized working conditions,the quantitative information of acetonitrile in human breath was acquired effectively.For acetonitrile,a limit of detection was found to be 5.71 pL/L;the linear range was from 76.4 pL/L to 1910 pL/L.The concentration of acetonitrile in the exhaled breath of two healthy volunteers was in vivo determined to be 134.49 and 104.40 pL/L,respectively,the relative standard deviations were 6.3% and 7.2%.The results show that EESI-Ion Trap MS is a powerful analytical platform to provide high sensitivity,high precision,rapid analysis and high specificity for semi-quantitative analysis of acetonitrile in human breath,and for detection of other bio-molecules in exhaled breath potentially.

Field of study: Chemistry
Excitation of emission lines by fluorescence and recombination in IC 418

We compare calculated intensities of lines of C ii, N i, N ii, O i and O ii with a published deep spectroscopic survey of IC 418. Our calculations use a self-consistent nebular model and a synthetic spectrum of the central star atmosphere to take into account line excitation by continuum fluorescence and electron recombination. We found that the N ii spectrum of the s, p and most d states is excited by fluorescence due to the low-excitation conditions of the nebula. Many C ii and O ii lines have significant amount of excitation by fluorescence. Recombination excites all the lines from the f and g states and most O ii lines. In the neutral-ionized boundary, the N i quartet and O i triplet dipole-allowed lines are excited by fluorescence, while the quintet O i lines are excited by recombination. Electron excitation produces the forbidden optical lines of O i, and continuum fluorescence enhances the N i forbidden line intensities. Lines excited by fluorescence of light below the Lyman limit thus suggest a new diagnostic to explore the inner boundary of the photodissociation region of the nebula.

Field of study: Physics
Worst-case design for optimal channel equalization in filterbank transceivers

A worst-case approach is adopted to tackle optimal channel equalization for multirate filterbank transceivers, which are widely used in data communication networks, such as discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) systems in digital subscriber lines (DSL), orthogonal frequency multiplexing division (OFMD) in frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, applicable to direct-sequence/spread-spectrum (DS/SS) code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. It is assumed that the observation noise is nonwhite with bounded power-norm or root-mean-squared (RMS) value. Our objective is to design the optimal receiving filterbanks that not only achieve the zero-forcing (ZF) condition or channel equalization but also minimize the RMS error between the transmitted symbols and the received symbols in the presence of the worst-case nonwhite noise. All ZF receiving filterbanks will be parameterized, and optimal design for channel equalization will be converted into an equivalent optimal H/sub /spl infin// filtering problem for the augmented receiving filterbanks with RMS error preserved. Our main results cover computation of the optimal RMS error achievable for the worst-case noise and an explicit design algorithm for suboptimal channel equalizers with the performance index arbitrarily close to the optimal one. A simulation example is used to illustrate the proposed optimal channel equalization algorithm.

Field of study: Engineering
PET motion correction in context of integrated PET/MR: Current techniques, limitations, and future projections

&NA; Patient motion is an important consideration in modern PET image reconstruction. Advances in PET technology mean motion has an increasingly important influence on resulting image quality. Motion‐induced artifacts can have adverse effects on clinical outcomes, including missed diagnoses and oversized radiotherapy treatment volumes. This review aims to summarize the wide variety of motion correction techniques available in PET and combined PET/CT and PET/MR, with a focus on the latter. A general framework for the motion correction of PET images is presented, consisting of acquisition, modeling, and correction stages. Methods for measuring, modeling, and correcting motion and associated artifacts, both in literature and commercially available, are presented, and their relative merits are contrasted. Identified limitations of current methods include modeling of aperiodic and/or unpredictable motion, attaining adequate temporal resolution for motion correction in dynamic kinetic modeling acquisitions, and maintaining availability of the MR in PET/MR scans for diagnostic acquisitions. Finally, avenues for future investigation are discussed, with a focus on improvements that could improve PET image quality, and that are practical in the clinical environment.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Personality Types, Demographic Variables and Academic Adjustment of Fresh Undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

The study ascertained the pattern of academic adjustment of students as well as the relationship between each of personality types and demographic variables and academic adjustment of students. These were with a view to providing useful recommendations on students’ academic adjustment. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample consisted of 600 fresh undergraduates selected from six selected faculties out of the thirteen Faculties in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, using simple random sampling technique. Thereafter, 100 (UTME and Direct entry) undergraduates were selected in each faculty using convenience sampling technique. An adapted instrument titled “Questionnaire on Personality Types, Students’ Academic Adjustment” (QPSA) was used to collect information from the students. The reliability of the instrument yielded positive results of Alphas of 0. 84 and Split-half correlation of 0.87. The data collected were analysed using simple percentage and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical methods. The results showed that 73.5% of the fresh undergraduates possessed moderate pattern of academic adjustment. It was showed that type “A” with 64.4% was the prevalent personality among the students. Furthermore, the results showed no significant relationship between personality types (A and B) and students’ academic adjustment (r = 0.133; df = 564 at p > 0.05). Finally, the results showed no significant relationship between each of sex (r = -0.30; df = 564, p > 0.05) and place of residence (r = -0.029; df = 562, p >.05). It was concluded that irrespective of the personality types, most fresh undergraduates in the study area had moderate level of academic adjustment. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n6p493

Field of study: Education, Sociology