nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Money Theory and Distributive Justice

Modern money theory is a conjecture concerning fiscal spending and the nature of money. I show that modern money theory provides two interesting insights into distributive justice that have not been addressed in the recent Anglo-American distributive justice literature: (i) that the nature of a sovereign fiat currency allows for some distributive conflicts to be avoided; and (ii) that recent Anglo-American distributive justice theories assume that the economy is at capacity. Based on this, I consider whether the policy results of modern money theory can help foster a sense of justice.

Field of study: Economics
A Long Non-coding RNA, LOC157273, Is an Effector Transcript at the Chromosome 8p23.1-PPP1R3B Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Locus

Causal transcripts at genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mostly unknown. The chr8p23.1 variant rs4841132, associated with an insulin-resistant diabetes risk phenotype, lies in the second exon of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene, LOC157273, located 175 kilobases from PPP1R3B, which encodes a key protein regulating insulin-mediated hepatic glycogen storage in humans. We hypothesized that LOC157273 regulates expression of PPP1R3B in human hepatocytes.  We tested our hypothesis using Stellaris fluorescent in situ hybridization to assess subcellular localization of LOC157273; small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of LOC157273, followed by RT-PCR to quantify LOC157273 and PPP1R3B expression; RNA-seq to quantify the whole-transcriptome gene expression response to LOC157273 knockdown; and an insulin-stimulated assay to measure hepatocyte glycogen deposition before and after knockdown.  We found that siRNA knockdown decreased LOC157273 transcript levels by approximately 80%, increased PPP1R3B mRNA levels by 1.7-fold, and increased glycogen deposition by >50% in primary human hepatocytes. An A/G heterozygous carrier (vs. three G/G carriers) had reduced LOC157273 abundance due to reduced transcription of the A allele and increased PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition.  We show that the lncRNA LOC157273 is a negative regulator of PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition in human hepatocytes and a causal transcript at an insulin-resistant T2D risk locus.

Field of study: Biology
REAL-AXIS SOLUTION OF ELIASHBERG EQUATIONS IN VARIOUS ORDER-PARAMETER SYMMETRIES AND TUNNELING CONDUCTANCE OF OPTIMALLY-DOPED HTSC

In the present work we calculate the theoretical tunneling conductance curves of SIN junctions involving high-Tc superconductors, for different possible symmetries of the order parameter (s, d, s + id, s + d, anisotropics and extendeds). To do so, we solve the real-axis Eliashberg equations in the case of an half-filled infinite band. We show that some of the peculiar characteristics of HTSC tunneling curves (dip and hump at eV > Δ, broadening of the gap peak, zero bias and so on) can be explained in the framework of the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. The theoretical dI/dV curves calculated for the different symmetries at T=4 K are then compared to various experimental tunneling data obtained in optimally-doped BSCCO, TBCO, HBCO, LSCO and YBCO single crystals. To best fit the experimental data, the scattering by non-magnetic impurities has to be taken into account, thus limiting the sensitivity of this procedure in determining the exact gap symmetry of these materials. Finally, the effect of the temperature on the theoretical tunneling conductance is also discussed and the curves obtained at T = 2 K are compared to those given by the analytical continuation of the imaginary-axis solution.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Mn Content on Microstructure and Properties of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3Mnx Duplex Stainless Steel

The influence of Mn content on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3Mnx duplex stainless steel were studied by metallographic microscope,universal tensile testing machine and impact test enginery testing methods.The results show the austenite content increases with the Mn content increasing;when Mn content is 1.5%,the two phase ratio is 1 ∶ 1;with the Mn content increasing,the mechanical properties first decreases and then increases;the corrosion resistant first increases and then decreases with the increase of Mn content;when Mn content is 1.2%-1.5%,the comprehensive performance of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3Mnx duplex stainless steel is best.

Field of study: Materials science
Identification of the Pathogen from Cassava Brown Leaf Spot and Its Biological Characteristics

Brown Leaf Spot is the most serious leaf fungous disease in the cassava plantations of China.In our research,several separation and inoculation methods were applied,pathogenicity test was finished and the pathogen was isolated,morphlogical identification and ITS sequence analysis indicated the pathogen was Passalora henningsii.Four methods(light,hyphae-breaking,UV and hyphae broken-UV)were compared for their inducing capability in producing conidia from P.henningsii.The results showed large number of conidia could obtain by hyphae broken-UV method,and the best condition was Malt-cassava leaves medium,28 ℃,pH 6.0 ～7.0,continuous UV induction,25 mL/plate,14~21 d.The biological characteristics study of strain CPHHN02 showed CA medium,26～28 ℃,pH 6.0,continuous dark,D-glucose,D-mannitol,D-lactose and tryptone were the best culture condition.The optimal temperature for macroconidia germination was 26 ℃ and the lethal temperature was 60 ℃ for 10 min.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Stimulus control of temporally spaced responding in second-order schedules.

Second-order schedules consisting of sequences of component differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules were used to investigate two different methods of introducing exteroceptive stimuli. When different exteroceptive stimuli were associated with each component (chained schedule), periods of pausing and lower response rates developed in the early components compared to the early components of the same sequence in the presence of a single exteroceptive stimulus (tandem schedule). When a brief stimulus change occurred at the completion of each component, response rates were higher in the early components compared to the tandem schedule. Changes in response rates in the early components were directly related to changes in reinforcement frequency in the terminal components produced by the two methods of presenting the exteroceptive stimuli.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Differential effects of sex hormones on autoantibody production and proteinuria in chronic graft‐versus‐host disease‐induced experimental lupus nephritis

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the female‐to‐male ratio is as high as 10:1. Sex hormones are thought to play a role in this difference in susceptibility. In a previous study, we demonstrated a high susceptibility of female mice to the development of glomerulonephritis after induction of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), compared with male mice. In order to unravel further this gender‐related difference (C57Bl/10*DBA/2)F1 hybrid mice were either castrated or ovariectomized and treated with 17β‐ethinyloestradiol or testosterone‐decanoate preceding the induction of chronic GVHD. Testosterone‐decanoate reduced significantly the development of albuminuria in females. In contrast, proteinuria of 17β‐ethinyloestradiol‐treated female mice was in the same range as that of sham‐operated mice. Autoantibody levels against glomerular basement membrane, renal tubular epithelium, dsDNA and ssDNA, as determined by ELISA, were higher in 17β‐ethinyloestradiol‐treated female mice than in all other groups. Immunofluorescence studies showed the presence of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in glomeruli of all animals, without significant differences between the experimental groups. Our findings confirm earlier observations, in that testosterone‐decanoate is shown to be an inhibitory compound, whereas 17β‐ethinyloestradiol has stimulating properties in autoimmunity. Moreover, our results show for the first time differential hormonal effects on autoantibody levels and proteinuria in experimental lupus nephritis.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES OF PEO SYSTEM BY UV-CURING

Polyethylene glycol diacrylates(PEGDA)monomers, which contain double bond on the terminal group of polyethylene glycol(PEG)and can be used in synthesis of UV-curable solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), were prepared through esterification of PEG and acrylic acid.A cured conductive polymer film consisting of lithium salt was then obtained by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.The factors affecting film-forming,photosensitivity and conductance were studied.From experiments, while Li/O=1/6 and n =18,the ionic conductivity of the SPE membrane could reach 10 -5 ?S·cm -1 at room temperature and its performance was relatively good.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Developing Students’ Activity Worksheet Based on Constructivism Approach to Grow Critical Thinking of Grade IV Elementary School Students

The Research and development is aimed to develop students’ activity worksheet based on contructivism approach to grow critical thinking of the students, to analyse the attractiveness and effectiveness of students’ activity worksheet. This research and development refers to the theory of  Borg and Gall. The subjects of the research are the expert of material validity, media, language, teachers, and grade IV students of State Elementary School 1 Nunggalrejo. Some instruments applied are test to measure learning result and critical thinking ability of the students’ activity worksheet which has been validated by the experts of material, media, language, and classroom teacher. The result of the research shows that the students’ activity worksheet which is developed based on the result of the students’ need analysis can be applied for 2013 curriculum, and refers to the positive response of the students it is attracting them. And it is efective for learning by refering the improvement of the learning result.  Constructivism approach, critical thingking, students’ activity worksheet

Field of study: Education
The Effect of PRF on Serum Starved Human Dermal Fibroblast.

Healing failure on chronic ulcers was suspected due to the decrease of Growth Factors (GFs) supply caused by either GFs trapped in the fibrin, or degraded by protease, or decreased level due to reduction of GFs gene expression. Administration of various GFs can stimulate healing of chronic ulcers. High level of GFs is available in biologic material called Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF). This study was conducted to have in vitro evidence of PRF effect on GFs-serum starved human dermal fibroblasts as representative cells of chronic ulcers. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were isolated from foreskin of six boys aged 11- 14 years-old. After 24 hours of serum deprivation, HDFs were treated by 100, 50, and 25% PRF lysate diluted in cultured medium. Cellular migration was measured using scratch assay, while cellular viability was measured using MTT assay and collagen deposition was measured using Sirius Red assay. The HDFs of serum starvation group showed significant impairment activities in terms of cellular migration (25%), cellular proliferation (20%), and collagen deposition (10%) (p<0.05). Administration with various levels of PRF lysate could significantly recover those activities (p < 0.05). Because cellular activities of serum starved HDFs is similar with fibroblasts isolated from the bottom of chronic ulcers and administration of various levels of PRF lysate was capable to recover those activities, it can be concluded that PRF is a good biologic material to stimulate healing of chronic ulcers. However, in order to get better evidence based medicine, both pre clinical and clinical studies must be performed.

Field of study: Medicine
Perceived support and relational effects in psychotherapy process constructs.

Recent research has indicated that only a small portion of supportiveness reflects the objective properties of providers. Instead, supportiveness primarily reflects the unique relationships among specific recipients and providers (i.e., relational effects), thus suggesting new approaches to support interventions. The authors investigated the possibility that similar relational effects occur for therapy process constructs (e.g., working alliance). Isolating relational effects in psychotherapy requires that each client receive treatment from more than one therapist during the same period of time. Therefore, we conducted analog studies in which therapy clients and students viewed videos of therapists and then rated expected therapist supportiveness and expected therapy process constructs for each therapist. Two studies indicated very strong relational effects in therapist supportiveness and therapy process constructs. In addition, process constructs were correlated strongly with supportiveness (Study 1) and favorable affect (Study 2) for relational effects specifically. Implications for integrating research on perceived support and therapy process were discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
The Influence of Temperature on Phase Transition of Perovskite Materials Using the First-principles Method

Since developing perovskite solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency has leapt while the stability of perovskite materials is a significant factor restricting the further development of perovskite solar cells. In practical applications, temperature is an important factor influencing the stability of perovskite materials. By using the first-principles method, the phase structures and band gaps of CH3NH3PbI3, CH(NH2)2SnI3, CsPbI3 and CsSnI3 were calculated to analyze the influence of phase transition on structures and band gaps.  Perovskite solar cells have attracted numerous researchers due to favorable light absorption and transmission characteristics in recent years. The perovskite solar cells were first introduced into photovoltaic field in 2009, showing a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.8%  , which gradually improved [2-6] . By the end of 2016, the photoelectric conversion efficiency had reached to 22.1% [7] . Although perovskite materials greatly improve in efficiency, stability is always one of factors restricting the further development of perovskite materials. Changes of some perovskite materials with temperature cause the phase transition. Therefore, investigating the phase transition of materials at different temperatures and the influence of the transition on structures and band gaps of materials exerts an extremely important significance on developing new perovskite materials with high stability. By employing the first-principles method, the study optimized structures and calculated electronic structures of phases of CH3NH3PbI3, CH(NH2)2SnI3, CsPbI3 and CsSnI3 at different temperatures. By doing so, the influence law of temperature changes on material structures and band gaps was analyzed, which provides a basis for exploring perovskite materials which can sustain stable at different temperatures. First author, Shi-jie ZHOU, Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China Corresponding author, Bing ZHANG, Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Security and Clean Utilization, Beijing, China.

Field of study: Engineering
Association of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and inflammation: the Comprehensive Dialysis Study.

Patients on dialysis maintain extremely low levels of physical activity. Prior studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between nutrition and physical activity but provide conflicting data on the link between inflammation and physical activity. Using a cohort of patients new to dialysis from the Comprehensive Dialysis Study (CDS), we examined associations of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and inflammation.



Between June 2005 and June 2007, CDS collected data on self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and health-related quality of life from patients starting dialysis in 296 facilities located throughout the United States. Baseline serum samples were collected from participants in a nutrition sub-study of CDS.



Serum albumin and prealbumin were measured as markers of nutrition, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein as markers of inflammation. Self-reported physical activity was characterized by the maximum activity score (MAS) and adjusted activity score (AAS) of the Human Activity Profile.



The mean age of participants in the analytic cohort (n = 201) was 61 years. The MAS and AAS were below the 10th and first percentile, respectively, in comparison with healthy 60 year-old norms. Both activity scores were directly correlated with albumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001) and prealbumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001), and inversely correlated with CRP (AAS: r(2) = -0.2, P = .01; MAS: r(2) = -0.1, P = .08). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, diabetes status, and center, both activity scores were directly correlated with prealbumin and inversely correlated with CRP.



Patients new to dialysis with laboratory-based evidence of malnutrition and/or inflammation are likely to report lower levels of physical activity.

Field of study: Medicine
Prostitution: Feminist Project in Bode Osanyin’s The Noble Mistress

The bottom-line of feminist literature is to give a healthy image to the woman and eliminate social discriminations against her in the society. Women in different societies neither belong to same class nor face same problems. So are the perceptions of women`s problems and approaches to the issue of equality with men. Bode Osanyin, a contemporary Nigerian male writer in his novel, The Noble Mistress focuses on the class of women called prostitutes. This essay analyses his perception of prostitutes and prostitution in the novel.  10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n5p31

Field of study: Education, Sociology
UNTAPPED CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

In atmospheric science, information is often communicated in visual form. Maps, radar images, and satellite imagery are widely used to display daily weather forecasts and current conditions. Textbooks, professional journals, and conference presentations are rich in figures that illustrate concepts and research findings. Given this preponderance of visual material, students with visual impairments may be tempted to assume that atmospheric science is not a suitable field for them. In fact, however, thanks to the widespread use of the computer and the availability of assistive technology, many atmospheric science careers are well suited to students with visual impairments who have acquired the necessary skills. Both personal experience and literature suggest that for people with visual impairments, success in science hinges upon the use of effective modes of communication between them and their sighted instructors and colleagues. With these considerations in mind, the author discusses relevant assistive tech...

Field of study: Environmental science
The Natural Survival of Work: Job Creation and Job Destruction in a Growing Economy

real convergence but how to ensure that it does (p. 388). Newcomers should continue focusing on structural reforms, especially increasing labor market flexibility. In summary, the book is an excellent set of theoretical insights, practical successes and failures of reform policies oriented toward increasing economic growth. The common characteristic of many articles stresses the dangers of market rigidities. Successful economic performance takes place on a micro level, therefore, it is important to create a business environment that will not stifle entrepreneurial incentive. Although often not mentioned in the literature, the government is the key institution in the convergence process. Perhaps the convergence debate could bring together the mainstream and alternative economic theorists.

Field of study: Economics
Evaluating the use of occupational standards for controlling toxic air pollutants.

Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established air standards for relatively few chemicals. As a result, state agencies are faced with controlling air contaminants for a large number of chemicals posing potential public health threats. Use of occupational standards as a basis for deriving ambient air guidelines is a method used by states to control air toxics. This standard development approach is reviewed by considering the differences in the health basis and numerical values which often occur among the occupational standards set by OSHA, NIOSH and ACGIH. This study indicated that careful selection should be made of the most appropriate occupational standard to use to protect public health. A comparison is made of chemicals regulated by various state air toxic programs using occupational standards lowered by a safety factor to concentrations established by the U.S. EPA. It was found that the air guidelines vary, but the degree of stringency can be comparable.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
SO(4) FLEX+DMFT formalism with SU(2)$\otimes$SU(2)-symmetric impurity solver for superconductivity in the repulsive Hubbard model

Here we have developed a FLEX+DMFT formalism, where the symmetry properties of the system are incorporated by constructing a SO(4) generalization of the conventional fluctuation-exchange approximation (FLEX) coupled self-consistently to the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). Along with this line, we emphasize that the SO(4) symmetry is the lowest group-symmetry that enables us to investigate superconductivity and antiferromagnetism on an equal footing. We have imposed this by decomposing the electron operator into auxiliary fermionic and slave-boson constituents that respect SU(2)$_{\rm spin}\otimes$SU(2)$_{\eta{\rm spin}}$. This is used not in a mean-field treatment as in the usual slave-boson formalisms, but instead in the DMFT impurity solver with an SU(2)$_{\rm spin}\otimes$SU(2)$_{\eta{\rm spin}}$ hybridization function to incorporate the FLEX-generated bath information into DMFT iterations. While there have been attempts such as the doublon-less SU(2) slave-boson formalism, the present "full-SU(2)" slave-boson formalism is expected to provide a new platform for addressing the underlying physics for various quantum orders, which compete with each other and can coexist.

Field of study: Physics
A hierarchy of new nonlinear evolution equations and generalized bi-Hamiltonian structures

With the aid of the zero-curvature equation, a hierarchy of new nonlinear evolution equations is proposed, which is associated with a 3 × 3 matrix spectral problem with four potentials. The generalized bi-Hamiltonian structures for the hierarchy are derived by using the trace identity. Furthermore, we construct the infinite conservation laws of a typical nonlinear evolution equation in the hierarchy by utilizing spectral parameter expansion.

Field of study: Mathematics