nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Organizational Culture on E-Commerce Adoption

This study aims to investigate the influence of different organizational cultures on e-commerce adoption in Jordanian commercial banks. The study is of value to banks by helping them to evaluate their readiness to adopt e-commerce through reviewing the type of leadership, risk appetite, innovation and e-commerce activities. As banks are designing and deploying a range of new e-commerce products, the importance of pursuing and conducting business online becomes relevant, as, if they fail to respond to the opportunities, banks could be consigned to a largely secondary role as e-commerce shifts over time. E-commerce is progressing by creating new streams of competition and compelling banks to make choices about services they offer, networks branch size and distribution, and the extent of their support for interbank payment network. The major findings of this study have indicated that there is a positive correlation between organizational culture and e-commerce adoption. More specifically, the study has revealed that the adhocracy system of organization and management is more prevalently implemented in e-commerce activities than other systems in Jordanian commercial banks. In contrast, hierarchy cultural commercial banks are not adopters of e-commerce activities, and the organizational culture differences explain these issues. A number of recommendations have appeared in light of findings; managers need to place greater focus and attention on their organization culture if they pursue innovation/imitation of strategies. Jordanian commercial banks are advised to focus on activities that enhance e-commerce adoption as to evaluate its status quo in terms of characteristics and the prevailing culture type. This is in order to successfully apply the adoption effectively and efficiently by filling the gap between the association of organization culture and e-commerce adoption.

Field of study: Business
Reduction in uptake by rice and soybean of aromatic arsenicals from diphenylarsinic acid contaminated soil amended with activated charcoal.

Activated charcoal (AC) amendment has been suggested as a promising method to immobilize organic contaminants in soil. We performed pot experiments with rice and soybean grown in agricultural soil polluted by aromatic arsenicals (AAs). The most abundant AA in rice grains and soybean seeds was methylphenylarsinic acid (MPAA). MPAA concentration in rice grains was significantly reduced to 2% and 3% in 0.2% AC treated soil compared to untreated soil in the first year of rice cultivation. In the second year, MPAA concentration in rice grains was significantly reduced to 15% in 0.2% AC treated soil compared to untreated soil. MPAA concentration in soybean seeds was significantly reduced to 44% in 0.2% AC treated soil compared to untreated soil. AC amendment was effective in reducing AAs in rice and soybean.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Three-Stage MP Accelerator Upgrade Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory

The three-stage tandem accelerator facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) consists of two model MP tandem Van de Graaff accelerators arranged in line so that MP-6 can inject negative ions up to 10 MeV energy into MP-7 providing a three stage mode of operation. The injector accelerator, MP-6, may also be used as a standard two-stage accelerator having been equipped with an external ion source and target room facility. A description is given of recent improvements and current operating status and performance. Improvements in operation have now provided record electrostatic accelerator heavy ion energies for the research program of 125 MeV /sup 16/O/sup 8 +/ 200 MeV /sup 32/S16/sup +/ and 255 MeV /sup 63/Cu/sup 19 +/

Field of study: Physics
Surprising interobserver and intra-observer variability in pediatric testicular ultrasound volumes.

Testicular volume (TV) can be obtained by either scrotal ultrasound (SU) or orchidometer. Scrotal ultrasound allows for a more objective measurement; however, the interobserver and intra-observer variability of TV measurements has not been rigorously studied.



The authors measured intra-observer and interobserver variability of SU TV measurements in pediatric patients to assess the reliability and reproducibility of SU. Special attention was paid to how often a 20% discrepancy in TV was noted as this has previously been utilized as an indication for varicocelectomy.



Patients with an indication for SU or undergoing an ultrasound for another reason were prospectively recruited. Two different urologic specific ultrasound technicians (A and B) performed SU to assess interobserver variability. A second measurement was taken by technician A within 90 days to assess intra-observer variability (A vs A1). The technicians were blinded to other ultrasound results.



Fourteen patients (28 testes, 56 volume measurements) were included in the intra-observer group and 17 patients (34 testes, 68 volume measurements) in the interobserver group. The mean time to repeat intra-observer ultrasound measurements (range) was 46 days (23-84). Mean age (range) in the intra-observer group was 14.3 years (11-19) and 14.1 years (11-19) in the interobserver group. Indication for ultrasound was varicocele (n = 6), scrotal pain (4), hydronephrosis (3), hydrocele (2), epididymal cyst (2), posterior urethral valves (1), and testis asymmetry (1). Utilizing Bland-Altman analysis and plots, variability was seen in both intra-observer and interobserver measurements. The mean values for testicular sizes for technician A and technician B were 13.0 ± 9.7 cm3 vs 13.8 ± 9.9 cm3, respectively. The mean values for TV measurement for technician A's first and second measurements (A, A1) were 14.3 ± 9.7 cm3 and 14.8 ± 8.9 cm3, respectively. An errant 20% difference in TV measurements for the same testis was seen in 25% (7 of 28) of intra-observer measurements and 35% (12 of 34) of interobserver measurements. These 20% differences were more common with a lower body mass index (odds ratio, OR = 0.74, p = 0.01) in the interobserver group, and lower TV was a predictor in the intra-observer group (OR: 0.82, p = 0.009).



Variability exists in both interobserver and intra-observer measurements of TV by dedicated urologic ultrasonographers, and greater than 20% of differences in measured TV in same testicles occurred in over 25% of cases. Caution should be exercised in basing operative decisions and scientific studies on limited measurements of TV.

Field of study: Medicine
Expériences de sensorialités, entre douleur et désir de vivre

Resume Objectifs L’auteure temoigne de l’experience sensorielle comme guide pour aller aupres de chacun en reanimation et favorisant les rencontres entre psy, soignants, patients et familles. Methode Son experience de psychologue clinicienne en unite de soins intensifs. Resultats L’auteure fait le lien entre l’inorganise de l’univers polysensoriel du nourrisson et celui du patient en reveil de coma, alors que le systeme perception–conscience n’est plus operationnel. Face au silence de celui qui eprouve dans le vide, l’urgence d’un « regard qui parle » est mis en avant.  Alimenter la reverie du psy clinicien devient crucial tant ici « le grand risque est la fixite ». Cote visuel, les productions hallucinatoires du patient en reveil, traversant des etats oniroides, sont, elles aussi, a contenir pour que se retrouve le desir de vivre.

Field of study: Philosophy
Theoretical thoughts about safeguards systems for mental healthschool social work among middle and college school students

School social work plays a key role in the maintenance of students` mental health and in the improvement of students` overall quality.However,in Chinese mainland,little research on this area has been done,so it is very important to realize its research values and define related concepts.In this article,we have explored relationships between school social work and students` mental health and other subjects;put forward the content,goals,principles,methods and procedures of our future research.

Field of study: Education
Edge effects and extinction proneness in a herpetofauna from Madagascar

Edge effects are thought to play a key role in fragmented habitats. It is often assumed that edge-avoiding species are more prone to local extinction than non-edge-avoiding species, but there are few data to support this assumption. Also, few data are available on the effects of edges on some groups, and there is little understanding of seasonal changes in edge effect intensity. To better understand the role that edge effects play in fragmented tropical forests, we assessed the distribution of reptiles and amphibians in six littoral rainforest fragments in southeastern Madagascar in 1999 (dry season) and 2000 (wet season). Using randomization tests, we found all three types of edge responses: edge-avoiders, interior-avoiders, and omnipresent species. However, edge responses varied considerably among seasons. For example, some species (e.g., Mantidactylus bicalcaratus, Phelsuma quadriocellata) were strong edge-avoiders in the dry season, but showed no preference for edge or interior habitats during the wet season. Also, edge-avoiding species tended to be more extinction-prone than non-edge-avoiding species. Abiotic data documented significantly higher temperatures and dew point temperatures near edges. Wind speed also tended to be higher and relative humidity tended to be lower near edges. Our results indicate that many amphibians and reptiles respond to altered microclimates near edges and these responses have a strong seasonal component. For many species, edge sensitivity does seem to be correlated with extinction vulnerability and therefore should be of primary consideration in plans to conserve biodiversity in fragmented tropical forests.

Field of study: Environmental science
Describing Iranian hospital activity using Australian Refined DRGs: a case study of the Iranian Social Security Organisation.

To describe Iran's hospital activity with Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRGs).



A total of 445,324 separations was grouped into discreet DRG classes using AR-DRGs. L(3)H(3); IQR and 10th-95th percentile were used to exclude outlier cases. Reduction in variance (R(2)) and coefficient of variation (CV) were applied to measure model fit and within group homogeneity.



Total hospital acute inpatients were grouped into 579 DRG groups in which 'surgical' cases represented 63% of the total separations and 40% of total DRGs. Approximately 12.5% of the total separations fell into DRGs O60C (vaginal delivery) and 28% of the total separations classified into major diagnostic category (MDC) 14 (pregnancy and childbirth). Although reduction in variance (R(2)) for untrimmed data was low (R(2)=0.17) for LOS, trimming by L(3)H(3), IQR, and 10th-95th percentile methods improved the value of R(2) to 0.53, 0.48, and 0.51, respectively. Low value of R(2) for AR-DRGs within several MDCs were identified, and found to reflect high variability in one or two DRGs. High within-DRG variation was identified for 23% of DRGs using untrimmed data.



Low quality and incomplete data undermines the accuracy of casemix information. This may require improvement in coding quality or further classification refinement in Iran. Further study is also required to compare AR-DRG performance with other versions of DRGs and to determine whether the low value of R(2) for several MDCs is due to the weakness of the AR-DRG algorithm or to Iranian specific factors.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS OF TUFF-BRECCIA IN ABSAROKA RANGE, WYOMING

Andesitic tuff-breccia showing unusual structural relationships is exposed throughout at least 100 square miles within two river valleys in the Absaroka Range of northwest Wyoming, a dissected mass of essentially horizontal volcanic deposits. The tuff-breccia occurs as sheetlike bodies within an otherwise dominantly detrital volcanic sequence. At least one, and perhaps all, of these sheets merges with thick masses of pyroclastic material. They display both intrusive and apparently gradational relationships to the detrital beds. The tuff-breccia has the composition of pyroxene andesite but contains much foreign material, largely blocks of dacitic detrital volcanic rock, some of which are probably several miles from their source. Pronounced hardening (silicification ?) and greenish-gray coloration characterize dacitic detrital rock adjacent to the tuff-breccia. Most of the tuff-breccia was probably erupted from a northwest-trending series of large vents. The structural relationships can be best explained by post-depositional movement of several sheets of tuff-breccia originally deposited at the surface and buried by detrital sediments. The tuff-breccia seems to have been injected as mud at relatively shallow depth into the detrital sequence, which was poorly consolidated. How this post-depositional emplacement took place is not determined. Neither primary injection nor tectonic activity alone seems adequate to explain the unusual structural relationships; more probably, gravity was the main control, possibly aided by local doming.

Field of study: Geology
Landmark-Constrained Elastic Shape Analysis of Planar Curves

Various approaches to statistical shape analysis exist in current literature. They mainly differ in the representations, metrics, and/or methods for alignment of shapes. One such approach is based on landmarks, that is, mathematically or structurally meaningful points, which ignores the remaining outline information. Elastic shape analysis, a more recent approach, attempts to fix this by using a special functional representation of the parametrically defined outline to perform shape registration, and subsequent statistical analyses. However, the lack of landmark identification can lead to unnatural alignment, particularly in biological and medical applications, where certain features are crucial to shape structure, comparison, and modeling. The main contribution of this work is the definition of a joint landmark-constrained elastic statistical shape analysis framework. We treat landmark points as constraints in the full shape analysis process. Thus, we inherit benefits of both methods: the landmarks help disambiguate shape alignment when the fully automatic elastic shape analysis framework produces unsatisfactory solutions. We provide standard statistical tools on the landmark-constrained shape space including mean and covariance calculation, classification, clustering, and tangent principal component analysis (PCA). We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed framework on complex shapes from the MPEG-7 dataset and two real data examples: mice T2 vertebrae and Hawaiian Drosophila fly wings.

Field of study: Mathematics
Yucatán in an Era of Globalization (review)

derson, not surprisingly, sees the Church as a central component of Garcia Moreno's nation-building project. The chapter most focusing on nation-building is entitled "Forging the National Soul: The Coming of the Catholic Nation." This chapter notes various ways in which Church institutions contributed to state building, for example in education and health care. It might have been strengthened, however, by going beyond institutional specifics to provide a more articulated analysis of the ways in which the Church supplied Garcia Moreno with an ideational and/or symbolic framework in support of his nation building. Juan Maiguashca (1994), for example, suggests that, for Garcia Moreno, Roman Catholicism offered, among other things, a source of national identity, legitimacy for the state, and social discipline.

Field of study: History
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Cr-Y Co-deposition Coating on Super 13Cr

Cr-Y co-deposition coating on super 13 Cr was prepared by pack cementation processes at 950 ℃ for 5 h.Surface morphologies, microstructure and phase constitutions of the coating were analysed by SEM, EDS and XRD.Friction-wear tests of the super 13 Cr substrate and the coating were studied in air at normal temperature. The results show that the coating prepared by co-depositing Cr-Y has obvious deposition and diffusion distribution characteristics. The coating mainly consists of Cr23C6, Cr7C3 and CrFe7C0.45. Under the experimental condition, the wear mass loss of Cr-Y coating is only1/15 as much as that of super 13 Cr, and the wear resistance increases significantly. The wear mechanism of super 13 Cr is grinding abrasion and grain-abrasion. The wear mechanism of Cr+Y coating is transfer of GCr15 on its surface.

Field of study: Materials science
Adaptation by an urban population of the snail Helix aspersa to a diet contaminated with lead.

Two populations of the garden snail Helix aspersa, from an urban car park and from a semi-rural site, were fed a diet containing 500 microg g(-1) of Pb as PbSO(4). After 2 days, half of each population was removed to a Pb-free diet and half continued on the dosed food, both for 64 days. The snails from the contaminated site had a significantly lower uptake of Pb compared with those from the rural, uncontaminated site. The car park snails also lost Pb more rapidly from their tissues. A second experiment evaluated the effect of a previous exposure to a high Pb diet on Pb uptake. The results suggest that the differences between the two populations are not due to a physiological adaptation, but rather that the car park snails represent an ecotype adapted to a high Pb diet.

Field of study: Environmental science
Lateral base design rules for optimized low-frequency noise of differentially grown SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors

The low-frequency noise dependence on lateral design parameters was investigated for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors fabricated by differential epitaxy. The low-frequency noise was found to vary substantially as a function of the extrinsic base design. The dominant noise sources were located either at the interface between the polycrystalline and epitaxial Si/SiGe base, in the epitaxial Si/SiGe base link region, in the base–emitter depletion region, or at the thin SiO 2 interface layer between the polysilicon and monosilicon emitter. Boron was found to passivate interfacial traps, acting as low-frequency noise sources. Generation–recombination noise with a strong dependence on the lateral electrical field was observed for some of the designs.

Field of study: Engineering
Competition between superconductivity and magnetism in RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10-d (Ru-1222) Rutheno-cuprate compounds

The RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10-d (Ru-1222) compounds, with varying oxygen content, crystallize in a tetragonal crystal structure (space group I4/mmm). 
Resistance (R) versus temperature (T) measurements show that the air-annealed samples exhibit superconductivity with superconducting transition temperature (Tc) onset at around 32 K and R=0 at 3.5 K. On the other hand, the N2-annealed sample is semiconducting down to 2 K. Magneto-transport measurements on air-annealed sample in applied magnetic fields of 3 and 6 Tesla show a decrease in both Tc onset and TR=0. Magnetoresistance of up to 20% is observed in N2-annealed sample at 2 K and 3 T applied field. The DC magnetization data (M vs. T) reveal magnetic transitions (Tmag.) at 100 K and 106 K, respectively, for both air- and N2-annealed samples. Ferromagnetic components in the magnetization are observed for both samples at 5K and 20 K. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) seems to compete with the magnetic transition temperature (Tmag.). Our results suggest that the magnetic ordering temperature (Tmag.) of Ru moments in RuO6 octahedra may have direct influence/connection with the appearance of superconductivity in Cu-O2 planes of Ru-1222 compounds.  Ruthenocuprates, Superconductivity and Magnetism, Magneto transport and Magneto resistance.  74.25. Ha, 74.72. Jt, 75.25. +z, 75.30.

Field of study: Physics
Deactivation of Polymer-Supported Palladium Catalystsin the Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrotoluene

The deactivation of palladium catalysts supported on commercially available sulfonated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins (DOWEX) in the hydrogenation of 4-nitrotoluene was studied. Catalysts were prepared from 4 and 8 mole % crosslinked polymers, with particle size between 0.04 and 0.80 mm and palladium contents ranging from 0.25 to 1 wt.% (dry state). The catalytic tests were carried out in a batch reactor vigorously shaken, at 30-50 °C, and 0.25 and 0.5 MPa. The analysis of the conversion curves showed that three factors are mainly responsible for the relatively high deactivation rates: (i) the concentration of hydrogen in the neighbourhood of palladium crystallites, (ii) temperature, (iii) the nanomorphology of the support. Some practical advice concerning the employment of polymeric hydrogenation catalysts and relevant operational conditions can be achieved from the results presented herein.

Field of study: Chemistry
Optical and structural properties of InGaSb/GaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We present the results of an investigation into the growth of InGaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) by molecular beam epitaxy using migration-enhanced epitaxy. Surface atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy show that the QDs undergo a significant change in morphology upon capping with GaAs. A GaAs ‘cold capping’ technique was partly successful in preserving QD morphology during this process, but strong group V intermixing was still observed. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy reveals that the resulting nanostructures are small ‘core’ QDs surrounded by a highly intermixed disc. Temperature varying photoluminescence measurements indicate strong light emission from the QDs, with an emission wavelength of 1230 nm at room temperature. Nextnano 8x8 k.p calculations show good agreement with the PL results and indicate a low level of group-V intermixing in the core QD.

Field of study: Materials science
The spectrum and strong decays of baryons in a relativistic quark model

On the basis of the three-particle Bethe-Salpeter equation we formulated a relativistic quark model for baryons. With free constituent-quark propagators and instantaneous interaction kernels a good description of the overall baryonic mass spectrum up to the highest spin states is obtained. Preliminary results on strong two-body decays of baryon resonances are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Arguing for biodiversity in practice: a case study from the UK

With a web of different local actors, often with different perspectives and interests, turning ideas into practice for biodiversity often involves communicating, negotiating, bargaining and, therefore, argumentation. Within this process arguments are selected by actors, to achieve their goals, with varying levels of effectiveness. We examine the use of arguments in UK national biodiversity policies and at the local level from the perspective of those putting forward and receiving arguments. We assess the positive and negative framings within arguments and the effectiveness of arguments. Using interviews and formal documents as sources of data, we analyse nine argumentative interactions from a case study in the Greater Manchester area in the UK. Our findings highlight differences between arguments in national biodiversity policy and those used at the local level. We also show a link between positive framing and salient arguments that were particularly effective. In more polarised, high conflict situations the credibility of the argument, specifically how well it aligned with policy frameworks, strongly influenced its effectiveness. These findings suggest that selecting arguments that identify common ground at the local level contributes to effective outcomes by highlighting areas of mutual benefit. Where this is not possible, a strong policy framework for the conservation of biodiversity is important. A combination of bottom up and top down approaches is most likely to provide effective arguments for biodiversity.

Field of study: Environmental science