nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Packet Error Probability of a Transmit Beamforming System With Imperfect Feedback

Average packet error probability (PEP) is an important error statistic for wireless communication system designers. In this paper, we address the problem of analytically quantifying the effect of channel estimation errors, feedback delay and channel vector quantization on the PEP of transmit beamforming multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems in a spatially independent slow-fading wireless channel environment. We develop an accurate characterization of estimation errors as well as errors due to feedback delay, and tools relevant for deriving analytical expressions for the PEP. The modeling highlights the distinction between errors that arise due to channel estimation from those that arise due to feedback delay and represents an important departure from past work. Analytical expressions are derived for the PEP with BPSK signaling. The derived approximated closed-form analytical expression is complemented by simulations.

Field of study: Engineering
Microtubule-actin interactions may regulate endothelial integrity and repair.

An important mechanism for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis is the loss of endothelial integrity, which is required for normal blood vessel function. The important components of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton system that regulate endothelial integrity include actin microfilaments and microtubules, which are both associated with protein complexes that regulate cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion. To date, studies have shown that microfilaments are essential in maintaining the structural integrity of the endothelium while microtubules regulate the directional cell migration during repair. When microtubules are disrupted at the onset of wounding, neither centrosome reorientation, which is essential for efficient endothelial cell wound repair, nor cell migration occurs. Disruption of microfilaments is also associated with inefficient endothelial cell migration and repair. How then might these systems be associated with one another? Linker proteins, which may facilitate interaction between microtubules and actin microfilaments, have recently been identified in nonendothelial systems. It is likely that microtubule-microfilament interactions are important in the complex regulation of endothelial integrity and repair especially as they relate to atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Effect of hyperdiffusivity on turbulent dynamos with helicity.

In numerical studies of turbulence, hyperviscosity is often used as a tool to extend the inertial subrange and to reduce the dissipative subrange. By analogy, hyperdiffusivity (or hyperresistivity) is sometimes used in magnetohydrodynamics. The underlying assumption is that only the small scales are affected by this manipulation. In the present paper, possible side effects on the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field are investigated. It is found that for turbulent flows with helicity, hyperdiffusivity causes the dynamo-generated magnetic field to saturate at a higher level than normal diffusivity. This result is successfully interpreted in terms of magnetic helicity conservation, which also predicts that full saturation is reached only after a time comparable to the large-scale magnetic (hyper)diffusion time.

Field of study: Physics
Identification of the Full 46 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Complement and Modulation of CYP Expression in Response to Water-Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil in the Cyclopoid Copepod Paracyclopina nana.

The 46 cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily was identified in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana after searching an RNA-seq database and comparing it with other copepod CYP gene families. To annotate the 46 Pn-CYP genes, a phylogenetic analysis of CYP genes was performed using a Bayesian method. Pn-CYP genes were separated into five different clans: CYP2, CYP3, CYP20, CYP26, and mitochondrial. Among these, the principal Pn-CYP genes involved in detoxification were identified by comparing them with those of the copepod Tigriopus japonicus and were examined with respect to their responses to exposure to a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil and to the alkylated forms of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene and fluorene). The expression of two Pn-CYP3027 genes (CYP3027F1 and CYP3027F2) was increased in response to WAF exposure and also was upregulated in response to the two alkylated PAHs. In particular, Pn-CYP3027F2 showed the most notable increase in response to 80% WAF exposure. These two responsive CYP genes (Pn-CYP3027F1 and CYP3027F2) were also phylogenetically clustered into the same clade of the WAF- and alkylated PAH-specific CYP genes of the copepod T. japonicus, suggesting that these CYP genes would be those chiefly involved in detoxification in response to WAF exposure in copepods. In this paper, we provide information on the copepod P. nana CYP gene superfamily and also speculate on its potential role in the detoxification of PAHs in marine copepods. Despite the nonlethality of WAF, Pn-CYP3027F2 was rapidly and significantly upregulated in response to WAF that may serve as a useful biomarker of 40% or higher concentration of WAF exposure. This paper will be helpful to better understand the molecular mechanistic events underlying the metabolism of environmental toxicants in copepods.

Field of study: Environmental science
Domain-Oriented Masked Instruction Set Architecture for RISC-V

An important selling point for the RISC-V instruction set is the separation between ISA and the implementation of the ISA, leading to flexibility in the design. We argue that for secure implementations, this flexibility is often a vulnerability. With a hardware attacker, the side-effects of instruction execution cannot be ignored. As a result, a strict separation between the ISA interface and implementation is undesirable. We suggest that secure ISA may require additional implementation constraints. As an example, we describe an instruction-set for the development of power side-channel resistant software.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Boundary value methods for Volterra integral and integro-differential equations

New and effective quadrature rules generated by boundary value methods are introduced. We employ the introduced quadrature rules to construct quadrature methods for the second kind Volterra integral equations and Volterra integro-differential equations. These methods are shown to be effective and possess excellent convergence properties. The nonlinear multigrid method is applied to solve the discrete systems derived from the introduced numerical scheme. Numerical simulations are presented and confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Late Glacial to Holocene climate change and human impact in the Mediterranean: The last ca. 17ka diatom record of Lake Prespa (Macedonia/Albania/Greece)

Lake Prespa (Macedonia/Albania/Greece) occupies an important location between Mediterranean and central European climate zones. Although previous multi-proxy research on the Late Glacial to Holocene sequence, core Co1215 (320 cm; ca. 17 cal ka BP to present), has demonstrated its great value as an archive of Quaternary palaeoclimate data, some uncertainty remains in the interpretation of climate change. With the exception of oxygen stable isotope data, previous palaeolimnological interpretation has relied largely on proxies for productivity. Here, existing interpretation is strengthened by the addition of diatom data. Results demonstrate that shifts in diatom assemblage composition are driven primarily by lake-level changes and thus permit more confident interpretation of shifts in moisture availability over time, while corroborating previous interpretation of catchment- and climate-induced productivity shifts. An inferred cold, arid shallow lake phase between ca. 17.1 and 15.7 cal ka BP is not only followed by a high-productivity phase from ca. 15.7 cal ka BP with Late Glacial warming, but also is the first evidence for a gradual increase in lake level, in line with other regional records. Clear evidence for a Younger Dryas climate reversal between ca. 13.1 and 12.3 cal ka BP is followed by an unusually gradual transition to the Holocene and deeper, oligotrophic–mesotrophic lake conditions are reached by ca. 11.0 cal ka BP. In contrast to the arid episode from ca. 10.0 to 8.0 ka inferred from positive 18δOcalcite values, rapid diatom-inferred lake-level increase after the start of the Holocene suggests high moisture availability, in line with palynological evidence, but with only very subtle evidence for the impact of an 8.2 ka cold event. The maintenance of high lake levels until 1.9 cal ka BP, and the peak of inferred humidity from ca. 7.9 to 6.0 cal ka BP, matches the oxygen stable isotope profile and confirms that the latter is driven primarily by evaporative concentration rather than reflecting regional shifts in precipitation sources over time. During the Late Holocene progressive eutrophication is inferred between 1.9 and present. Two shallow phases at ca. 1.0 cal ka BP and at ca. 100 years ago probably represent an aridity response which is added to increase human impact in the catchment. Overall, the study is important in confirming previous tentative inferences that Late Glacial to Holocene moisture availability has strong affinity with other sites in the Eastern Mediterranean. It also tracks the pattern of North Atlantic forcing.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Partial fractional differential equations and some of their applications

Our paper is devoted to investigation of partial differential equations of fractional order. We give a historical survey of results in this field basically concerning differential equations with Riemann–Liouville and Caputo partial fractional derivatives. We pay a special attention to application of the method of Fourier, Laplace and Mellin integral transforms to study partial fractional differential equations. We present recent results on explicit solutions of Cauchy-type and Cauchy problems for model homogeneous partial differential equations with Riemann–Liouville and Caputo partial fractional derivatives generalizing the classical heat and wave equations. Explicit solutions of the above problems are given in terms of the Mittag–Leffler function, and of the so-called H-function and its special cases such as the Wright and generalized Wright functions. We discuss applications of partial fractional differential equations to the modelling of anomalous phenomena in nature and in the theory of complex systems. Special interest has been paid to the anomalous diffusion processes such as super-slow diffusion (or sub-diffusion) and super-fast diffusion (or super-diffusion) processes. We present new fractional derivative model, which allows us to have strong control of both the sub- and super-diffusion processes which means the control of the temporal behavior of the speed of spreading via analysis of the second space moment or moments of some other order.

Field of study: Philosophy
Nearly perfect large-area quartz: 4 meV resolution for 10 keV photons over 10 cm(2).

The perfection of two commercial top-grade quartz crystal wafers has been investigated using Bragg reflection at theta(B)=89.77 degrees of a 2.0 meV bandwidth beam of 9.979 keV X-rays by the (7\bar4\bar34) lattice planes. Topographic images show small defect concentrations (<or=5 cm(-2)). Energy scan widths are below 3 meV over 8 mm x 8 mm areas and 4 meV over the whole wafer ( approximately 11 cm(2)). This suggests that quartz can be a useful optical material.

Field of study: Physics
Eastern Indian and Afghan Women in Management: A Quantitative Inquiry on Their Leadership Proficiencies and Propensities

Women make up around fifty percent of the workplace in most large firms, especially in developing economies. Afghan and Indian women are in professional and management ranks of most industries. This study focused on the technical, human, and conceptual skills of women from Afghanistan and India to see if cultural differences and socialization in different political, economical, educational, and social systems can be a significant influencing factor. The researchers attempted to address whether Afghan and Indian women have similar or different orientations in management skills. The results of 202 respondents show that these two groups have significantly different management and leadership skills. Indian women scored extremely high on technical skills and Afghan women scored high on conceptual skills. Implications for researchers, managers, and human resource professionals are presented.

Field of study: Business
Dealing with Disasters in an Age of Globalized Sentiment: Testing the Boundaries of the Cosmopolitan Ideal?

AbstractNatural disasters, such as the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of March 2011, have not only tested the fragility of the world capitalist system, but have asked questions of the ‘cosmopolitan ideal’ that underpins the discourse on global civil society prevalent in much literature on globalization. In this article I consider why the global response to such tragedies is markedly different to the more muted response to more overtly political tragedies, such as atrocities committed by states, and suggests that what it demonstrates is not a full cosmopolitanism per se, but a ‘selective cosmopolitanism’ grounded in a ‘de-politicization of feeling’. As a result, the political context of these natural disasters is often ignored and this calls for a repositioning of such disasters within a human rights framework and for an analysis of them informed by a critical globalization studies.

Field of study: Political science
Exciton-photon correlations in bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons

Exciton-polaritons are mixed light-matter quasiparticles. We have developed a statistical model describing stochastic exciton-photon transitions within a condensate of exciton polaritons. We show that the exciton-photon correlator depends on the rate of incoherent exciton-photon transformations in the condensate. We discuss implications of this effect for the quantum statistics of photons emitted by polariton lasers.

Field of study: Physics
[Cellex in the treatment of patients with acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation: results of a multicenter comparative open clinical trial].

To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of cellex in the treatment of patients with acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation (ADCBC) used in the clinical practice in the Russian Federation.  A trial included 178 patients with ADCBC from 6 Russian clinical centers, 146 (82%) patients were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 32 (18%) with hemorrhagic stroke in the age of 35-80 years.  One hundred and sixty-six patients have completed the trial. The better outcome with the decrease of motor, visual, speech and sensory disorders was found after 4-week treatment.  Cellex may be recommended for treatment in acute and early rehabilitation stages of ADCBC.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Hybrid functional link artificial neural network approach for predicting maintainability of object-oriented software

Among all quality parameters, Maintainability is more important to achieve success.This paper focus on maintainability of software using object oriented metrics.Hybrid approach of neural network is used to design a model for prediction.Two feature selection techniques are used to select best set of metrics.We achieved better prediction rate for maintainability as compared to others. In present day, software development methodology is mostly based on object-oriented paradigm. With the increase in the number of these software system, their effective maintenance aspects becomes a crucial factor. Most of the maintainability prediction models in literature are based on techniques such as regression analysis and simple neural network. In this paper, three artificial intelligence techniques (AI) such as hybrid approach of functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and clonal selection algorithm (CSA), i.e., FLANN-Genetic (FGA and AFGA), FLANN-PSO (FPSO and MFPSO), FLANN-CSA (FCSA) are applied to design a model for predicting maintainability. These three AI techniques are applied to predict maintainability on two case studies such as Quality Evaluation System (QUES) and User Interface System (UIMS). This paper also focuses on the effectiveness of feature reduction techniques such as rough set analysis (RSA) and principal component analysis (PCA) when they are applied for predicting maintainability. The results show that feature reduction techniques are very effective in obtaining better results while using FLANN-Genetic.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Enhancement of Electrical Properties of TiO2−x Oxide Semiconductor by d-Orbital Ordering Using Swift Heavy Ni-Ion Irradiation at Room Temperature

The electrical properties of radiofrequency (RF)-sputtered TiO2−x films have been investigated as a function of Ni-ion irradiation dose at room temperature. The prepared TiO2−x films were irradiated with 130-MeV swift heavy Ni ions in the range from 5 × 1011 ions/cm2 to 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. Increasing the Ni-ion irradiation dose dramatically enhanced the mobility in the TiO2−x films from 2.2 cm2/V s to 1.24 × 102 cm2/V s, while the carrier concentration did not vary. To explain this change in the electrical properties of the TiO2−x films, we investigated various physical properties, namely the physical structure, molecular orbital ordering in the conduction band, and shallow/deep trap states in the band-edge area below the conduction band. We suggest that the improvement in mobility originates from the ordering of the Ti 3d orbital in the conduction band. In addition, increase of the Ni-ion irradiation dose changed two distinct band-edge states below the conduction band.

Field of study: Materials science
Surfactant assisted protein refolding in vitro:molecular simulation

The molecular interaction between protein and surfactant and its implication on the refolding of the protein in vitro was investigated by using the simple lattice model with dynamic Monte Carlo simulation and canonical ensemble.The thermodynamic feasible status of the model protein, as described by HP model, and its folding intermediates were captured. Some of the folding intermediates were trapped into local energy minimum and could not proceed refolding into the native form. The addition of surfactant enriched both the species and the amount of folding intermediates by the way of forming protein-surfactant complex. The surfactant of weak hydrophobicity had little impact on the thermodynamic status of the protein but was effective in moving the folding intermediates out of local minimum energy entrapment, leading to a considerable increase in the refolding. On the other hand, the surfactant with strong hydrophobicity might block the folding process by forming stable protein-surfactant complex. In this case, the dissociation of the complex by stripping the surfactant was necessary so as to precede the folding process. The synergy of surfactant and denaturing environment for protein refolding was also confirmed. The simulation agreed well with prior experiment results in literature. This indicated the potential of using molecular simulation to explore the details of refolding process and to assist the design of suitable surfactant-like folding aids.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Roles of hormonal and nutritional factors in the regulation of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol elimination rate in vivo.

Fasting reduced the liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by 51% (p less than 0.001). Insulin, within 2 hr, increased the ADH activity found in fasted animals by 28% (p less than 0.02). Insulin administration failed to stimulate the reduced ADH activity in diabetic rats. However, ADH activity in the diabetic-fed rats decreased by 52-54% (p less than 0.001) compared to normal-fed rats regardless of whether they were meal-fed or refed the normal chow. Glucagon blocked by 15% (p less than 0.02) the increase in ADH activity associated with refeeding. Furthermore, insulin caused a marginal stimulation of ethanol elimination rate (EER) when administered to fasted rats. All these results imply that insulin and glucagon may not be the only determining factors in the control of liver ADH activity associated with fasting and refeeding. Meal-feeding or refeeding a high carbohydrate fat-free diet compared to the normal chow-diet caused 29% (p less than 0.001) and 36% (p less than 0.05) decreases in ADH activity, respectively. Concomitant decreases in EER caused by high carbohydrate fat-free diet feeding were also observed under identical conditions. These results raise the possibility that the amount and the type of carbohydrate may be crucial in the regulation of ADH and EER. Alternatively, the presence of fat may be important in maintaining the normal level of ADH and EER.

Field of study: Medicine
Motivational Factors Influencing Teaching as a Career Choice: Development and Validation of the FIT-Choice Scale

The authors apply current influential models from the motivational literature to develop the comprehensive factors influencing teaching choice (FIT-Choice) scale, to measure factors influencing the choice to teach for beginning preservice teacher education candidates. They validate the scale using 2 large cohorts (N = 488; 652) and describe the factors that teacher education candidates identified as most important in their decision to teach. Furthermore, the authors examine longitudinal relationships for participants who have now completed their teaching qualification (N = 294) to determine how entry motivations relate to exit levels of teaching engagement and professional development aspirations. The study makes several important theoretical contributions: The authors extend the values component of the expectancy-value motivational framework, go beyond high school students to examine career choices of adults, and specifically examine the domain of teaching as a career choice. The new FIT-Choice measure provides a theoretical and analytical framework to help guide future investigations in this area. Understanding teacher candidates' motivations for choosing teaching has implications for teacher education planning and curriculum design, teacher recruitment authorities, and government and intergovernmental planning and policy decisions—especially when many.

Field of study: Education
Autocracy Bias in Informal Groups Under Need for Closure

Two experiments investigated the tendency of groups with members under high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure to develop an autocratic leadership structure in which some members dominate the discussion, constitute the “hubs” of communication, and influence the group more than other members. The first experiment found that high (vs. low) need for closure groups, as assessed via dispositional measure of the need for closure, manifested greater asymmetry of conversational floor control, such that members with autocratic interactional style were more conversationally dominant and influential than less autocratic members. The second experiment manipulated the need for closure via time pressure and utilized a social network analysis. Consistent with expectation, groups under time pressure (vs. no pressure) showed a greater asymmetry of participation, of centrality, and of prestige among the group members, such that the more focal members were perceived to exert the greater influence over the groups’ decisions.

Field of study: Psychology