nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Uterine Perfusion Pressure Induced Redistribution of Endothelin Receptor Type-B Between the Intima and Media Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Studies have shown that a change in endothelin receptor expression in the artery is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). However, the mechanism underlying this change remains unclear.  To test whether the distribution of endothelin receptor type-A (ETAR) and type-B (ETBR) plays an important role in PIH, a reduction of uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model was used to mimic some of the features of PIH; the resulting variable endothelin receptor expression was investigated in the media and intima of the aorta. Single vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were isolated from RUPP and normal pregnant (NP) rats to study the effect of ETAR and ETBR in smooth muscle cells.  Compared with NP rats, RUPP rats had a significant redistribution of ETBR expression in the intima and media, while there was no significant difference in ETAR expression between the two groups. ETBR upregulation in VSMCs enhanced cellular contraction and contributed to PIH. The TNF-α plasma levels in RUPP rats were two-fold higher than those of NP rats, which upregulated the expression of ETBR in VSMCS through the NF-κB pathways in RUPP rats.  Redistribution of ETBR between the media and intima played an important role in the pathogenesis of PIH.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Cyanotoxin mixtures and taste-and-odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the Midwestern United States.

The mixtures of toxins and taste-and-odor compounds present during cyanobacterial blooms are not well characterized and of particular concern when evaluating potential human health risks. Cyanobacterial blooms were sampled in twenty-three Midwestern United States lakes and analyzed for community composition, thirteen cyanotoxins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay, and two taste-and-odor compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis and/or Microcystis were dominant in most (96%) blooms, but community composition was not strongly correlated with toxin and taste-and-odor occurrence. Microcystins occurred in all blooms. Total microcystin concentrations measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay were linearly related (r(s) = 0.76, p < 0.01) and LC/MS/MS concentrations were lower than or similar to ELISA in most (85%) samples. Geosmin (87%), 2-methylisoborneol (39%), anatoxin-a (30%), saxitoxins (17%), cylindrospermopsins (9%), and nodularin-R (9%) also were present in these blooms. Multiple classes of cyanotoxins occurred in 48% of blooms and 95% had multiple microcystin variants. Toxins and taste-and-odor compounds frequently co-occurred (91% of blooms), indicating odor may serve as a warning that cyanotoxins likely are present. However, toxins occurred more frequently than taste-and-odor compounds, so odor alone does not provide sufficient warning to ensure human-health protection.

Field of study: Environmental science
Information Literacy among Jordanian Teachers: Case of Madaba

Over the past two decades Information Literacy emerged as a central focus for researchers. While "Information Literacy is conceivably the foundation of learning in our contemporary environment of continuous change" (Bruce, 2004. 9) teachers are the main pivots in teaching learning process in the Jordanian Ministry of Education in Jordan (MOE) trends in the last two years, because of the weakness of this process. This study aimed at determining Information Literacy (skills and standards) among Jordanian teachers in Madaba. The participants in this study are 302 Male/Female teachers. The researchers used a questionnaire developed by Mittermeyer and Quirion (2003) and Bani Abdelrahman, Jwaifell and El-Subhieen (2014) as a measurement tool to achieve their aim and objective. The results of this study pointed that information skills are not mastered by Madaba's Teachers in Jordan, while there are interaction between males and females teachers with school stages they belong to. Thus this study recommended better training sessions should be held to Madaba's teachers.  Information Literacy, Skills and Standards, Teachers Training, Jordan

Field of study: Education
The role of hippocampal regions CA3 and CA1 in matching entorhinal input with retrieval of associations between objects and context: theoretical comment on Lee et al. (2005).

Models of hippocampal function have proposed different functions for hippocampal regions CA3 and CA1, commonly proposing that CA1 performs a match-mismatch comparison of memory retrieval with sensory input. The study by I. Lee, M. R. Hunsaker, and R. P. Kesner (2005) tested these models using selective lesions of hippocampal subregions (see record 2005-01705-014). Their data suggest that CA3 and the dentate gyrus play an important role in the process of detecting the mismatch when a familiar object is placed in a new spatial location. Lesions of the dentate gyrus and CA3 strongly reduce the enhanced exploration associated with displaced objects, beyond the reduction caused by CA1 lesions. This supports the importance of convergent input to CA3 as well as CA1. Along with recent electrophysiological data, this provides a framework for more specifically modeling the role of CA3 and CA1 in matching sensory input with context-dependent retrieval for memory-guided behavior in different tasks.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Thiosemicarbazone derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for C- steel in HCl corrosive medium

Reaction of thiosemicarbazide with Pyrazole carboxaldehyde derivatives to give the corresponding thiosemicarbazone which characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR, the product was investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl by chemical and electrochemical method. It has been observed that corrosion rate decreases and inhibition efficiencies increases with increasing in inhibitor concentration and temperature. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and other thermodynamic parameters have also been computed. The electrochemical data indicated the basicmodification of steel surface as a result in a decrease in the corrosion rate. The polarization data indicated that the used compound act as mixed type inhibitors. The slopes of the cathodic and anodic Tafel lines (âc, âa) are approximately constant and independent of the inhibitor concentrations. The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process. SEM studies revels the formation of passive filmon themetal surface. Results obtained frompolarization, open circut and weight loss measurements are in good agreement with each other.

Field of study: Materials science
Development and utilization of pork skin emulsion in mortadella as a soy protein substitute

The aim of this study was to develop an emulsion formulation of pork skin and evaluate the effect of partial substitution of soy protein for this emulsion in a formulation of mortadella. For the emulsion development was used a 23 factorial experimental design with central point in order to evaluate the best process condition in terms of amount of pork skin (60-80%), salt concentration (1.5 to 2.5%) and emulsifier disk size (2 to 3 mm).From the experimental design set up the best conditions for the preparation of the emulsion pork skin later to be applied in the mortadella formulation. Only the lipid emulsion content was influenced significantly (p <0.10) by the amount of pork skin, salt and by the discs emulsifier hole size. The pork skin emulsion was used in a mortadella formulation and compared to a standard formulation (similar to commercial).For the test formulation 6.4% of emulsion skin and 2.9% of soy protein (reduction of 27.5% in soybean protein added) were used. Mortadella developed met the standards established by the Brazilian legislation and analysis of texture showed higher hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and adhesiveness (p <0.05) for the mortadella with pork skin emulsion against standard mortadella. In the sensory evaluation, the mortadella withpork skin emulsion was preferred by 71.4% of the panelists. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that it is feasible to use pork skin emulsion in mortadella and this may partially replace soybean protein without harming the quality of the product and allowing to add value to this byproduct of the meat industry.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Diplômés internationaux en médecine: Passé, présent et avenir

Historiquement, les diplomes internationaux en medecine (DIM) ont joue un role important dans le maintien de la main-d’œuvre medicale au Canada. Environ 25 % des medecins de l’Ontario sont des DIM[1][1]. Dans certaines provinces, comme la Saskatchewan et le Manitoba, cette proportion est

Field of study: Medicine
Are most stars members of double‐star systems?

A DOUBLE‐STAR SYSTEM consists of two separate stars that orbit about the center of mass of the system much as a planet orbits the sun. For the most part, these double‐star systems appear as single points of light, even with the aid of a telescope. Nevertheless, there is evidence that a large fraction of all the single points we see are really double‐star systems.

Field of study: Physics
A dynamic inhomogeneous latent state model for measuring material deprivation

Material deprivation can be used to assess poverty in a society. The status of poverty is not directly observable, but it can be measured with error for instance through a list of deprivation items. Given two unobservable classes, corresponding to poor and not poor, we develop a time inhomogeneous latent Markov model which enables us to classify households according to their current and intertemporal poverty status, and to identify transitions between classes that may occur year by year. Households are grouped by estimating their posterior probability of belonging to the latent status of poverty. We then estimate an optimal weighting scheme, associated with the list of items, to obtain an optimal deprivation score. Our score is arguably better at predicting the poverty status than simple item counting (equal weighting). We use the longitudinal component of the European Union statistics Survey on Income and Living Conditions for evaluating poverty patterns over the period 2010–2013 in Greece, Italy and the UK.

Field of study: Mathematics
Mass accretion toward black holes in the final phase of galaxy mergers.

We studied the final phases of galactic mergers, focusing on interactions between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the interstellar medium in a central sub-kpc region, using an N-body/hydrodynamics code. This numerical experiment aims to understand the fate of the gas supplied by mergers of two or more galaxies with SMBHs, whose masses are $10^7 M_\odot$. We observed that the mass accretion rate to one SMBH exceeds the Eddington accretion rate when the distance between two black holes (BHs) rapidly decreases. However, this rapid accretion phase does not last for more than $10^7$ yrs, and it drops to $\sim$ 10% of the Eddington rate in the quasi-steady accretion phase. The rapid accretion is caused by the angular momentum transfer from the gas to the stellar component, and the moderate accretion in the quasi-steady phase is caused {by turbulent viscosity and gravitational torque in the disk. The second merger event enhances the mass accretion to the BHs; however, this phase takes place on a similar timescale to the first merger event. We also found that the AGN feedback and the mass accretion to BHs can coexist in the central region of merged galaxies, if the amount of feedback energy is given as $(2 \times 10^{-4} - 2 \times 10^{-3} )\dot{M} c^2$, where $\dot{M}$ is the accretion rate to $r= 1$ pc. The accretion rate is suppressed by $\sim$ 1/50 in the quasi-steady accretion phase for $0.02 \dot{M} c^2$. The fraction of the gas that finally falls to each BH is approximately 5-7% of the supplied total gas mass ($10^8 M_\odot$), and 15-20% of the gas forms a circumnuclear gas inside 100 pc. This remnant gas heavily obscures the luminous phase of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) during merger events, and the moderate AGN feedback does not alter this property.

Field of study: Physics
Prokaryotic expression of EV71 VP1 and initial evaluation of the biological activity

To express EV71 VP1 in prokaryotic expression system,initially evaluate the ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody. Construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET30a (+)-VP1.Induced expression in Transetta (DE3) with IPTG and identified by Western blot.After purified with HisBind Protein Purification Kit,its ability of blocking EV71 infection and the neutralizing activity of its polyclonal antibody were analyzed. Plasmid PET-30a(+)-VPI was constructed successfully and the objective protein was expressed effectively.The ELISA titer of the polyclonal antibody was 1:3200 while neutralizing titer was 1:16 and the recombination protein lost the ability of blocking EV71 infection. The recombination protein can stimulate mice to produce antibodies and the polyclonal antibody shew neutralizing activity but the recombination protein lost the binding activity to receptors probably due to the wrong advanced structure. 
 
 
Enterovirus 71 ;  VP1 ;  Prokaryotic expression ;  Biological activity

Field of study: Biology
First isotopic and multidisciplinary evidence for nonmarine coelacanths and pycnodontiform fishes: palaeoenvironmental implications

The Recent coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae , one of the best known `living fossils', dwells in deep marine water. Fossil coelacanths have been globally related to marine environments, specially after the Triassic, an association that has led to a general belief that they have always been marine. Previous reports of fossil coelacanths in continental deposits have been largely neglected. Prior to this report, uncontested Cretaceous freshwater coelacanths were unknown. In turn, the pycnodontiform fishes have always been considered exclusively marine, apart from a few controversial exceptions. Here we present the first multidisciplinary evidence for nonmarine coelacanths and pycnodonts. Our conclusions are based upon palaeogeographic, sedimentologic, taphonomic, and palaeoecologic criteria, strongly supported by strontium ( 87 Sr– 86 Sr) and stable carbon and oxygen isotopic studies. The coelacanth, provisionally attributed to the genus ` Holophagus ', and the pycnodontiforms Eomesodon sp. and Macromesodon aff. bernissartensis were unearthed at the Early Cretaceous locality of Las Hoyas (Cuenca, Spain), where they grew in and inhabited a freshwater environment without marine influence. Fossil coelacanths and pycnodonts cannot, therefore, be used as unambiguous indicators of a marine environment. Caution is needed when using a single or a few taxa as palaeoenvironmental indicators, especially fish; in this sense, communities are much more reliable. Arguments based on actualism or taxonomic uniformitarianism, morphologic convergence and functional morphology are truly significant only within the framework of a sound multidisciplinary approach to the study of the palaeoenvironment.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
SU-C-17A-07: The Development of An MR Accelerator-Enabled Planning-To-Delivery Technique for Stereotactic Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment of Spinal Metastases.

To develop an MR accelerator-enabled online planning-todelivery technique for stereotactic palliative radiotherapy treatment of spinal metastases. The technical challenges include; automated stereotactic treatment planning, online MR-based dose calculation and MR guidance during treatment.



Using the CT data of 20 patients previously treated at our institution, a class solution for automated treatment planning for spinal bone metastases was created. For accurate dose simulation right before treatment, we fused geometrically correct online MR data with pretreatment CT data of the target volume (TV). For target tracking during treatment, a dynamic T2-weighted TSE MR sequence was developed. An in house developed GPU based IMRT optimization and dose calculation algorithm was used for fast treatment planning and simulation. An automatically generated treatment plan developed with this treatment planning system was irradiated on a clinical 6 MV linear accelerator and evaluated using a Delta4 dosimeter.



The automated treatment planning method yielded clinically viable plans for all patients. The MR-CT fusion based dose calculation accuracy was within 2% as compared to calculations performed with original CT data. The dynamic T2-weighted TSE MR Sequence was able to provide an update of the anatomical location of the TV every 10 seconds. Dose calculation and optimization of the automatically generated treatment plans using only one GPU took on average 8 minutes. The Delta4 measurement of the irradiated plan agreed with the dose calculation with a 3%/3mm gamma pass rate of 86.4%.



The development of an MR accelerator-enabled planning-todelivery technique for stereotactic palliative radiotherapy treatment of spinal metastases was presented. Future work will involve developing an intrafraction motion adaptation strategy, MR-only dose calculation, radiotherapy quality-assurance in a magnetic field, and streamlining the entire treatment process on an MR accelerator.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Biorefinery for bioethanol, lactic acid, xylitol and astaxanthin production from corn cobs

A biorefinery is an integrated process for biomass conversion to produce multiple products including fuels and chemicals. For successful developmentofbiorefinery, it is important toachieve the rational design of the total biorefinery system for high profitability with low environmental impact. In this view, we experimentally examined the feasibility of biorefinery for producing multiple products including bioethanol, xylitol, lactic acid and astaxanthin from corn cobs as a feed stock. The corn cobs were first hydrolysed by the dilute acid to obtain to xylose and its residues were then enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose. By this treatment, hydrolysates containing approximately 27 g-xylose/l and 26 g-glucose/l were selectively obtained from 100 g-corn cobs/l. Using the hydrolysate containing xylose, approximately 18g/l xylitol was successfully produced by Candida magnolia. Thehydrolysate containingglucosewaseasilyutilized for bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SFF) was also effective to produce bioethanol and lactic acid from corn cob residues treated by dilute sulphuric acid, which mainly contain cellulose. It was also found that the hydrolysates containing xylose and glucose could be used as a favourable source for astaxanthin production using Xanthophyllomyces dentrohous. By incorporating the high value product such as astaxanthin into the biorefinery system, the economic feasibility of the biorefinery was greatly improved. Finally total process evaluation will be presented from the view points of profitability, energy consumption and environmental impact.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Study on Microstructure and Shear Property of Cu/In-xCu/Cu Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Joints

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a promising interconnection technology for high-temperature electronic packaging. In this paper, the effect of Cu particles on the microstructure and shear property of Cu/In- x Cu/Cu TLP joints was investigated. The results show that Cu/In- x Cu/Cu joint is mainly composed of an In and Cu 11 In 9 phase after bonded for 60 min. A small amount of Cu 2 In phase forms at the interface of Cu/Cu 11 In 9 with bonding time exceeding 300 min. The bonding efficiency and shear property of In-Cu mixed particle solder joint are superior to that of the In foil solder joint, because the bonding time was reduced and the shear strength of the solder joint was improved. The phase composition of Cu 11 In 9 and Cu 2 In in the joint increased, the porosity decreased and the shear strength increased with increasing Cu content. When the Cu content of the In- x Cu solder was 45 wt.%, the shear strength of the Cu/In-45Cu/Cu joint reached the peak value of 15.7 MPa.

Field of study: Materials science
Order theory and interpolation in operator algebras

We continue our study of operator algebras with and contractive approximate identities (cais). In earlier papers we have introduced and studied a new notion of positivity in operator algebras, with an eye to extending certain C*-algebraic results and theories to more general algebras. Here we continue to develop this positivity and its associated ordering, proving many foundational facts. We also give many applications, for example to noncommutative topology, noncommutative peak sets, lifting problems, peak interpolation, approximate identities, and to order relations between an operator algebra and the C*-algebra it generates. In much of this it is not necessary that the algebra have an approximate identity. Many of our results apply immediately to function algebras, but we will not take the time to point these out, although most of these applications seem new.

Field of study: Mathematics
Microscopic nature of the photon strength function: stable and unstable Ni and Sn isotopes

The pygmy-dipole resonances and photon strength functions in stable and unstable Ni and Sn isotopes are calculated within the microscopic self-consistent version of the Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems that includes the QRPA and phonon coupling effects and uses the known Skyrme forces SLy4. The pygmy dipole resonance in 72Ni is predicted with the mean energy of 12.4 MeV and with the energy-weighted sum rule exhausting 25.6% of the total strength. The microscopically obtained photon E1 strength functions are used to calculate radiative neutron capture cross sections, gamma-ray spectra, and average radiative widths. Our main conclusion is that in all these quantities it is necessary to take the phonon coupling effects into account. Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2015.

Field of study: Physics
On applying fair queuing discipline to schedule requests at access gateway for downlink differential QoS

Scheduling packets is a usual solution to allocate the bandwidth on a bottleneck link. However, this solution cannot be used to manage the downlink bandwidth at the user-side access gateway, since the traffic is queued at the ISP-side gateway but not the user-side gateway. An idea is scheduling the requests at the user-side gateway to control the amount of the responses queued in the ISP-side gateway. This work first investigates the possibility of applying the class-based fair queuing discipline, which was widely and maturely used in scheduling packets, to schedule requests. However, we found that simply applying this discipline to schedule requests would encounter the timing and ordering problems at releasing requests and may not satisfy high-class users. Thus, we propose a minimum-service first request scheduling (MSF-RS) scheme. MSF-RS always selects the next request from the class receiving the minimum service to provide user-based weighted fairness, which ensures more bandwidth for high-class users. Next, MSF-RS uses a window-based rate control on releasing requests to maintain full link utilization and reduce the user-perceived latency. The results of analysis, simulation and field trial demonstrate that MSF-RS provides fairness while reducing 23-30% of user-perceived latency on average. Besides, a MSF-RS gateway can save 25% of CPU loading.

Field of study: Computer science