nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping fishers’ perceptions of marine conservation in Brazil: An exploratory approach

This paper proposes an ‘exploratory mapping’ approach that can be employed in the early stages of a marine protected area planning process. While stakeholders' involvement in conservation has increased, it often only starts after the decision has been made about where the protected areas will be located. The lack of proper engagement with resource users raises questions about transparency and legitimacy of marine conservation initiatives, hampering their successful implementation. The proposed mapping approach offers a simple way to incorporate in the planning process what small-scale fishers consider to be important to conserve, what they value in their fishing livelihoods, and their perception about the likely impact that multiple uses of the area may cause. Conducted in a small group setting, the exploratory mapping approach is casual and conversational, using paper maps and markers to capture information and stories as they are told. The approach was tested with 14 small-scale fishers living near the Marine National Park of Currais Islands, Southern Brazil. The mapping results, based on the GIS analysis, show a high level of agreement among the study participants with respect to the ecological importance of the area under protection. The participants emphasized that, in addition to its ecological significance, the area is also important in economic and socio-cultural terms, aspects that should be considered in the planning. The study highlights how the exploratory mapping approach can provide decision makers with useful information about small-scale fishers' values and knowledge, which can help identify potential conflicts and enhance support for marine protected areas.

Field of study: Environmental science
Biocompatible Gels of Chitosan–Buriti Oil for Potential Wound Healing Applications

The buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) can be associated with polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan gel (CG) associated with buriti oil (CGB) as a healing agent. The fatty acids and volatile compounds composition of buriti oil were performed and the composite gels were characterized using FTIR and thermal analysis. Biological tests including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects were also investigated. Buriti oil is composed of oleic and palmitic acids, and the main volatile compounds were identified. The buriti oil did not show antimicrobial activity, on the other hand, the composite gel (chitosan and oil) proved to be efficient against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia at the 10 mg/mL. Similar behavior was observed for antioxidant activity, determined by the β-carotene bleaching assay, composite gels presenting higher activity and buriti oil showed anti-inflammatory activity, which may be related to the inhibition of the release of free radicals. Regarding wound healing performed using in vivo testing, the composite gel (CGB) was found to promote faster and complete wound retraction. The results indicated that the gel chitosan–buriti oil has a set of properties that improve its antibacterial, antioxidant and healing action, suggesting that this material can be used to treat skin lesions.

Field of study: Materials science
Identification of Special Educational Needs for Early Childhood Inclusive Education in Ghana.

Early Childhood Education is a key element for the growth and development of every country. This paper, provides a summary of reviewing the impact of early childhood special educational assessment on children to be ‘at risk’ of developing special educational needs. It was identified mainly that early identification of at risk factors for disabilities was ignored and there is minimal or no collaboration in the assessment procedures for learners. This has an adverse effect on the cognitive attainment and social or behavioural development on the child. The paper also discusses the identification of special educational needs; models/theories of teaching the early child; collaborators’ perspectives; and future developments. The article closes with a call for improved training for practitioners working in early year’s settings.  Identification, Special Educational needs, Early-childhood, Education, At-Risk

Field of study: Education
[Pharmacological properties of cholinergic receptor and further evidences of direct action of soman on earthworm dorsal muscle (author's transl)].

The pharmacological properties of the cholinergic receptor on the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) dorsal longitudinal muscle were studied and the non-cholinergic receptor effect of soman was confirmed. Pilocarpine 10-3 M, arecoline 10-2 M and oxotremorine 10-2 M did not, while nicotine 10-3 M did, induce contractions of the muscle. The contraction elicited by ACh10-5 M was not abolished by atropine 10-4 M nor by hexamethonium 10-4 M，but could be strongly inhibited by d-tubocurarine 2.75 x 10-5 M and blocked by cobratoxin 0.2 mg/ml. The hydrolytic products of soman, fluoride and pinacolyl methyphosphonate did not show any effect on the muscle preparation. On the preparation poisoned by cobratoxin, as ACh effect disappeared entirely, soman still caused a contraction of the muscle. The results indicate that the ChR on the earth-worm dorsal longitudinal muscle resembles the N-ChR in the neuromuscular junction of vertebrate animals. We surmise that the contraction of the muscle elicited by soman does not relate to the hydrolytic products of soman and that the “soman-receptor” does not relate to N-ChR.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Some Implications of Arrow’s Theorem for Voting Rights

Arrow's theorem proves that no voting procedure can meet certain conditions of both fairness and logic. In this note, Grant Hayden explores the ramifications of the theorem for qualitative vote dilution. After describing Arrow 's argument, Mr. Hayden considers four democratic voting proceduresthe Condorcet method, the amendment procedure, the Borda count, and cumulative voting-in the light of the theorem. He then explores some of the theoretical and practical implications of the theorem. In the remainder of the note, Mr. Hayden discusses how well section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its judicial interpretation in Thornburg v. Gingles accord with the dictates of Arrow's theorem, ultimately concluding that the courts should consider the first two in the light of the theorem.

Field of study: Law
Messung kohärenter Streulängen durch Kleinwinkelstreuung von Neutronen im Schwerkraft-Refraktometer

Using the small angle scattering of neutrons by a “Christiansen-Filter”, a mixture of a grained powder with a liquid, it has been possible to determine the scattering amplitude of powders and liquids with an error within ± 1% or lower. By measurements with Tungsten-powder and mixtures of the liquids C2Cl4 and C6H5Cl and with mixtures of heavy and light water we got the scattering amplitudes of the bound atoms: Deuteruma=(6.70 ± 0.05) f and Tungstena=(4.77 ± 0.05) f.

Field of study: Physics
Atomic oxygen number densities in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere region measured by solid electrolyte sensors on WADIS-2

Absolute profiles of atomic oxygen number densities with high vertical
resolution have been determined in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region from in situ
measurements by several rocket-borne solid electrolyte sensors. The
amperometric sensors were operated in both controlled and uncontrolled modes
and with various orientations on the foredeck and aft deck of the payload.
Calibration was based on mass spectrometry in a molecular beam containing
atomic oxygen produced in a microwave discharge. The sensor signal is
proportional to the number flux onto the electrodes, and the mass flow rate in
the molecular beam was additionally measured to derive this quantity from the
spectrometer reading. Numerical simulations provided aerodynamic correction
factors to derive the atmospheric number density of atomic oxygen from the
sensor data. The flight results indicate a preferable orientation of the
electrode surface perpendicular to the rocket axis. While unstable during the
upleg, the density profiles measured by these sensors show an excellent
agreement with the atmospheric models and photometer results during the
downleg of the trajectory. The high spatial resolution of the measurements
allows for the identification of small-scale variations in the atomic oxygen
concentration.

Field of study: Environmental science
Estimativa da composição gasosa em embalagem de atmosfera modificada contendo mangas (mangifera indica l.) Cv. Keitt

Respiration and weight loss rate, and gaseous composition inside the packaging of mangos cv. Keitt individually sealed in a low-density polyethylene film, 24.5 _m thick, stored at 7°C (80-90% RH); 12°C (75-85% RH); 17°C (70-80% RH); 22°C (65-75% RH) e 25°C (65-75% RH) were determinated. After mass transfer had reached a steady state, mango peel permeability to water vapor and concentration of carbon dioxide inside the packaging were calculated using experimental results and mass transfer equations. Calculated peel permeability was 600 times greater than plastic film. Experimental and calculated carbon dioxide concentration were compared and, according temperature, were founded differences between -16% and 29%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
An investigation of a nonlocal hyperbolic model for self-organization of biological groups

In this article, we introduce and study a new nonlocal hyperbolic model for the formation and movement of animal aggregations. We assume that the nonlocal attractive, repulsive, and alignment interactions between individuals can influence both the speed and the turning rates of group members. We use analytical and numerical techniques to investigate the effect of these nonlocal interactions on the long-time behavior of the patterns exhibited by the model. We establish the local existence and uniqueness and show that the nonlinear hyperbolic system does not develop shock solutions (gradient blow-up). Depending on the relative magnitudes of attraction and repulsion, we show that the solutions of the model either exist globally in time or may exhibit finite-time amplitude blow-up. We illustrate numerically the various patterns displayed by the model: dispersive aggregations, finite-size groups and blow-up patterns, the latter corresponding to aggregations which may collapse to a point. The transition from finite-size to blow-up patterns is governed by the magnitude of the social interactions and the random turning rates. The presence of these types of patterns and the absence of shocks are consequences of the biologically relevant assumptions regarding the form of the speed and the turning rate functions, as well as of the kernels describing the social interactions.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
A Ricardo Model with Economies of Scale

This paper extends the analysis of the classical n-good two-country Ricardo model of international trade to the case where the production functions have economies of scale. It addresses the technical difficulties inherent in economies of scale by new integer programming and linear programming methods. The analysis reveals the existence of a well defined region which fills in solidly with equilibrium points as the number of goods becomes large. New economic conclusions follow from the ability to analyze these large models, among them that, in the presence of economies of scale, considerable conflict exists between the interests of the two trading partners.

Field of study: Economics
Molybdenum/beryllium multilayer mirrors for normal incidence in the extreme ultraviolet.

We report on a series of normal-incidence reflectance measurements at wavelengths just longer than the beryllium K-edge (11.1 nm) from molybdenum/beryllium multilayer mirrors. The highest peak reflectance was 68.7 ± 0.2% at λ = 11.3 nm obtained from a mirror with 70 bilayers ending in beryllium. To our knowledge, this is the highest normal-incidence reflectance that has been demonstrated in the 1-80-nm spectral range.

Field of study: Physics
Implementing the Reform Party agenda: the roots of Stephen Harper’s foreign policy

This paper examines the role of the Reform Party in the foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government. Through a comprehensive analysis of various Reform Party documents, called “Blue Books,” from the 1980s and 1990s, this paper assesses the degree to which the Harper government implemented these policy proposals in its foreign policy (foreign affairs, international trade, defense, foreign aid and immigration). It shows that, to a surprising degree, many of these Reform Party foreign policy proposals were implemented. An evaluation of the 10-year record of the Harper government shows that of the 31 priorities identified in the Blue Books, 15 were achieved, three were attempted, 11 were avoided, and two were not applicable.

Field of study: Political science
Orientation and Connotation of Higher Vocational Education of Mechanics and Electricity

To improve the workers' quality is an important task of the economic development in the modern society. This article discusses the orientation of the higher vocational education. Higher Vocational education of mechanics and electricity should emphasize the content of high technology and set up the modern teaching system and other theoretic issues. The article also expresses the thought of countermeasure of it. The stress of this article is to set up the advantage of higher vocational education, to develop it as our own way and to line it up with the need of the profession.

Field of study: Education
Carbonate inclusions in Lower Cretaceous picrites from the Hončova hůrka Hill (Czech Republic, Outer Western Carpathians): Evidence for primary magmatic carbonates?

Porphyritic picrites from the Hončova hůrka site in the Silesian Unit (Western Carpathians) are composed mostly of olivine phenocrysts enclosed in a black fine-grained groundmass, which consists of clinopyroxene, biotite, magnetite, chlorite, feldspars, and zeolites. The rocks are variably affected by hydrothermal alteration. The freshest samples contain potentially primary igneous calcite and aragonite, which occur as globular inclusions hosted by olivine phenocrysts, or as fillings of the miarolitic cavities in the picrite groundmass. In this paper, we try to clarify the nature of investigated carbonates using the combination of several petrological methods. Based on the texture, mineral composition, and relationship to the alteration patterns of the host mineral, we distinguished three basic types of inclusions: carbonate inclusions, silicate inclusions, and a combined type consisting of both carbonate and silicate domains. Only the fresh olivine-hosted round carbonate globules can contain the primary igneous calcite. These globules cannot represent immiscible carbonatite melt since they lack Si, alkalis, and other essential components (e.g. P, F, Cl, and S) present in natural carbonate melts. Instead, they can be interpreted as product of equilibrium crystallization of calcite from carbonated silicate melt (i.e. crystal cumulates). In contrast, the calcite–aragonite assemblage in inclusions hosted by altered olivine and in miaroles most probably originated during recrystallization of primary calcite during late-magmatic or post-magmatic stages or is related to the superimposed hydrothermal alteration.

Field of study: Environmental science
[Pharmacotherapy of psychomotor developmental delay in 6-12 months preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (the double-blind comparative multicenter placebo-controlled study)].

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hopantenic acid (Pantogam) in the complex treatment of prematurely born infants, aged 6-12 months, with psychomotor developmental delay due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.



Eighty-seven patients were randomized into two groups: 44 received standardized treatment and pantogam for two months, 43 standardized treatment and placebo. Pantogam (syrup 100 mg/ml) or placebo were prescribed orally 15-30 minutes after feeding, twice a day, in a daily dosage of 30-50 mg/kg body weight. The assessment of psychomotor development from birth to two years was performed with the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS-ER) twice (before and after completion of therapy).



The response to two month therapy determined as the reduction of developmental delay for more than 6% of the initial GMDS-ER general quotient (GQ) score was significantly better in the group I after pantogam treatment (63.6% of patients) compared to group II (36.4%, p=0.021). Group I demonstrated the significant decrease of the developmental delay in two domains ('Personal-Social' and 'Performance') and a trend to overcome the delay in three other domains: 'Locomotor', 'Hearing and Speech', 'Eye and Hand Coordination'. The improvement after pantogam treatment was more obvious in the subgroup of infants born late preterm (gestational age 34-36 weeks) compared to infants born moderate preterm (gestational age 32-33 weeks). The favorable safety profile of pantogam was confirmed, comparable to that of placebo.



Pantogam is efficient and safe medication in the complex treatment of psychomotor developmental delay in preterm infants, aged 6-12 months.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Generalised rational approximation and its application to improve deep learning classifiers

A rational approximation (that is, approximation by a ratio of two polynomials) is a flexible alternative to polynomial approximation. In particular, rational functions exhibit accurate estimations to nonsmooth and non-Lipschitz functions, where polynomial approximations are not efficient. We prove that the optimisation problems appearing in the best uniform rational approximation and its generalisation to a ratio of linear combinations of basis functions are quasiconvex even when the basis functions are not restricted to monomials. Then we show how this fact can be used in the development of computational methods. This paper presents a theoretical study of the arising optimisation problems and provides results of several numerical experiments. We apply our approximation as a preprocessing step to deep learning classifiers and demonstrate that the classification accuracy is significantly improved compared to the classification of the raw signals.

Field of study: Mathematics
AMALGAMS OF KUCERA TYPE AND TEMPERED DISTRIBUTIONS

Module the usual Identification of functions that agree almost everywhere, Lp,, is a Banach space when it is endowed with the topology associated to the norm {{ | |p, . Amalgams have been extensively studied in the last years and their main properties can be encountered, for example, in  and . J . Kucera 16] introduced Sobolev type spaces tha t denoted by L*, where fc € N. For every fc e N the space L | consists of all those complex-valued measurable functions 4> defined on R such tha t

Field of study: Philosophy
Natural Language Generation for Legal Expert System and Visualization of Generation Process

An HPSG-based grammar and a sentence generation system for small set of Japanese in legal expert domain are constructed. The system adopts its own general semantic system into which a domainspeci c logical form is converted. This separation between domain-speci c semantics and linguistic one gives exibility to both the task processing and the sentence generation. We also propose a visualization system which shows the generation process in a tabular form and operates as a graphical user interface for grammar debugging.

Field of study: Computer science
Estimating erosion and sediment yield on field-sized areas

A model for field-sized areas was developed to evaluate sediment yield under various management practices. The model provides a tool for evaluating sediment yield on a storm-by-storm basis for control of erosion and sedi-ment yield from farm fields. The model incorporates fun-damental principles of erosion, deposition, and sediment transport. The procedures allow parameter values to change along complex overland flow profiles and along waterways to represent both spatial variability and varia-tions that occur from storm to storm. Many of the model parameter values are obtained from topographic maps or directly from the Universal Soil-Loss Equation (USLE). Thus we feel that the model has immediate applications without extensive calibration. Individual components of the model were tested using experimental data from studies of overland flow, erodi-ble channels, and small impoundments. These results suggest that the model produces reasonable estimates of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition under a variety of conditions common to field-sized areas. The procedures developed here can be used to evaluate alter-native management practices such as conservation tillage, terracing, and contouring.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
TID Evaluation System With On-Chip Electron Source and Programmable Sensing Mechanisms on FPGA

Commercial-off-the-shelf system-on-chip field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are gaining momentum in space applications and their radiation characterization becomes crucial. This paper targets a cost-effective test setup and procedures for total ionization dose testing of miniaturized complex devices. We combine hardware and software techniques to perform on-chip irradiation via a 90Sr/90Y electron source and assess in detail the degradation of complex SRAM FPGAs. Our methodology combines multiple sensing mechanisms with correlation analysis to facilitate modeling of effects and tuning of a custom ring-oscillator network for future autonomous in-flight use. Focusing on 28-nm Zynq7000 devices, our results show Mrad total ionizing dose tolerance with parameters’ degradation in the area of 5%, zero functional errors, and nonuniform spatial response.

Field of study: Physics
Karl Polanyi and Return of the “Primitive” in Institutional Economics

In the wake of the neoliberal policies of the 1980s, a new wave of interest has grown in Karl Polanyi's work as a source of inspiration for a new theoretical and social countermovement. Within this context, Polanyi's work has been gradually incorporated into the body of institutional economics. Therefore, this work does not aspire to represent Polanyi's main line of argument or its policy implications, what it purports to achieve instead, is to bring to light a basic supporting structure of Polanyi's thought that has until now remained in the dark. The idea of progress was of central importance to what Polanyi called the "nineteenth century civilization" (Polanyi 1944,3). We also know that the nineteenth-century civilization dragged its feet well into the twentieth century, and Polanyi was writing The Great Transformation (1944) very much against the habits of thought characteristic of the social sciences that bore its imprint. As such, the questioning of this basic idea of progress was fundamentally important for Polanyi's work and constitutes one of several important themes of the book. This paper chooses to focus on this single hitherto neglected theme that is of utmost importance for institutional economists as well. At least one institutional economist has already asked if institutional economics is an economics of progress and stated that "there exists more than an ambiguity about the topic in the work of institutional economists" the origins of which are traceable to Clarence Ayres's highly debatable reinterpretation of Thorstein B. Veblen's work (Miller 1992, 115). Polanyi loudly objected to the uncritical acceptance of the idea of progress by often referring to his mainstream adversaries within the social sciences as "dogmatic

Field of study: Economics