nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Teachers at University: What Do High Achiever Students Look for?.

The perceptions of students about their teachers have interested the academic and scientific community, regarding the improvement of the quality of higher education. This paper presents data obtained from interviews conducted with ten high achiever engineering students and focuses on the characteristics of teachers that are highly valued by the participants. Furthermore, the influence of teachers on the development of the students was explored. The data collected describes a set of aspects from the scientific, pedagogic and emotional domains, which students identified about their teachers. Some reflections and practical implications are also presented with regard to the characteristics and pedagogical needs of high achievers.

Field of study: Education
Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for the long-term response of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla.

Nicotine induces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cultured adrenal medullary cell systems; however, the mechanisms responsible for the induction of adrenal TH in response to systemically administered nicotine under in vivo conditions are more complex. In the present study, we tested whether nAChRs and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) participate in the induction of adrenal TH observed after long-term treatment with nicotine. Chronic nicotine treatment (1.6 mg/kg, two daily injections spaced 12 h apart for 7 days) induced TH mRNA, TH protein and TH activity in rat adrenal medulla. This induction of TH gene expression was totally blocked when an antagonist of either nAChRs or mAChRs was administered prior to each nicotine injection. Repeated injections of the mAChR agonist bethanechol (5 mg/kg injected twice per day for 7 days) also produced increases in TH mRNA levels; however, TH protein levels and TH activity did not increase in response to bethanechol. In denervated adrenal glands chronic nicotine treatment did not lead to induction of either TH mRNA, TH protein or TH activity, whereas chronic bethanechol treatment led to induction of TH mRNA, but not TH protein or activity. These results suggest that agonist occupation of both nAChRs and mAChRs are essential for the complete response of TH gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla, but that stimulation of either cholinergic receptor by itself is not sufficient to elicit a full response. The results also suggest that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms may potentially need to be regulated to induce TH protein in response to some stimuli.

Field of study: Biology
Some Current Issues in Psychotherapy

Some of the basic issues in psychotherapy today include: the nature of neurotic symptoms, the role of insight, emphasis on reconstructing the past versus readjusting to the present, the relationship between therapist and patient, activeness-passiveness of the therapist, distinctive techniques used, length of psychotherapy, total number of sessions and duration of a session, types of patients in relation to therapeutic approaches, permanence of improvement, and principal goal or purpose of psychotherapy.

Field of study: Psychology
Deuteron disintegration by reactor antineutrinos

The existence of a semi-weak interaction involving the electron neutrino and the nucleons, which has received a convincing confirmation through a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results concerning all observable processes with solar neutrinos, should also inevitably manifest itself in the deuteron disintegration by reactor antineutrinos neutral currents. In this paper, the analytical and numerical characteristics of such a disintegration are presented. An analysis of a number of methodological features is given in parallel with the results of two accomplished reactor experiments with heavy water as compared to the appropriate elements of the SNO experiment on the deuteron disintegration by solar neutrinos.

Field of study: Physics
Nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis

To assess the role of protein calorie malnutrition in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and the relevance of dialysis adequacy to patient nutritional well-being.  Peer-reviewed published literature pertaining to dietary intake, protein catabolism, and peritoneal losses in CAPD.  Protein calorie malnutrition, an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality, is common. Etiology along with prevention and treatment involve multiple strategies. Loss of residual renal function, an important risk factor for reduced dietary protein intake and body composition, should be addressed with compensatory dialysis volume increase.  Although there is no single "gold standard" to define nutritional state, a large number of measures exist in conjunction with established criteria for malnutrition that can be integrated into routine screening programs. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the weak link between dialysis adequacy and nutrition. The use of intraperitoneal amino acids may provide a reliable means of increasing nitrogen input, but further work is required to evaluate the long-term benefit.

Field of study: Medicine
Coulomb interaction forJ=3/2− levels in9Be and9B

The Coulomb interaction is used to calculate energy shifts and mixing amplitudes ofJ=3/2−,T=1/2 and 3/2 states in9B and9Be. For the 14.39 MeV level in9Be, a neutron width of 0.15 keV is calculated from theT=1/2 admixtures in the wave function.

Field of study: Physics
Seabirds as adhesive seed dispersers of alien and native plants in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan

Previous studies have shown that the dispersal of plant seeds to oceanic islands is largely attributable to birds. However, few studies have assessed the role of adhesive dispersal by birds even though this mechanism has long been recognized as a major vector of seed transport. Some data point to the possibility that adhesive transport by seabirds transfers alien plant seeds in island ecosystems. In the present study, we examined the seed-dispersing ability of seabirds among islands in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan. We used capture surveys to examine the frequency of seeds adhering to seabirds and tested the salt tolerances of the seeds. The distributions of the plant species were examined and the relationships between plant and seabird distributions were analyzed using generalized linear models. Seeds of nine plant species, including aliens, were detected on 16–32 % of captured seabirds. Seeds included those generally considered to be dispersed by wind or internally transported by birds in their guts. Seeds exposed to NaCl solution isotonic with seawater for up to 8 h suffered little or no loss of viability. Analyses of plant distributions demonstrated positive relationships between the distributions of some plants and seabirds. These results show that seabirds effectively disperse seeds of both native and introduced plant species. This is the first study to comprehensively assess adhesive seed dispersal by seabirds; it provides essential information on long-distance dispersal.

Field of study: Environmental science
Activated protein C inhibits the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha from THP-1 cells and from human monocytes.

Several lines of evidence have implicated activated protein C (APC) to be an endogenous inhibitor of the inflammatory septic cascade. APC may exhibit direct anti-inflammatory properties, independent of its antithrombotic effects. Chemokines influence the interaction of monocytes at the endothelium during infection and sepsis and are involved in the molecular events leading to an adverse and lethal outcome of sepsis. Defining regulatory mechanisms on the monocytic release profile of the proinflammatory C-C chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) might have therapeutic implications for the treatment of sepsis. We established a monocytic cell model of inflammation by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and examined the effect of human APC on LPS-stimulated chemokine release from the monocytic cell line THP-1. We found that human APC in supra-physiological concentrations of 2.5-10 microg/ml inhibited the LPS-induced release of the chemokines MIP-1-alpha and MCP-1, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) at 6 up to 24 h. In addition to experiments on THP-1 cells, recombinant human APC in concentrations of 50 ng/ml was found to have an inhibiting effect on the release of MIP-1-alpha from freshly isolated mononuclear cells of septic patients. The ability of APC to decrease the release of the C-C chemokine MIP-1-alpha from the monocytic cell line THP-1 and from human monocytes may identify a novel immunomodulatory pathway by which APC exerts its anti-inflammatory action and may contribute to control the inflammatory response in sepsis.

Field of study: Medicine
Production of isomeric44V and42Sc in high energy heavy ion reactions

Beta-coincidentγ-rays were measured from implanted44V and42Sc nuclei. These were selected after58Ni+nickel reactions by means of the LISE3 spectrometer at GANIL. The production of the isomeric states was identified by detecting their typicalβ-delayedγ-ray cascades. From the intensities of the detectedγ-lines the ratio between isomer and ground-state production of44V follows to be 1 to 3.0(4).

Field of study: Physics
The Association Between STAT4 rs7574865 Polymorphism and the Susceptibility of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Meta-Analysis

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene encodes an important transcription factor that transmits signals induced by several cytokines associated with autoimmune diseases and has been identified as a susceptibility gene for numerous autoimmune disorders. The association between STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism and the susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been investigated in previous case-control studies. However, the investigation results were inconsistent. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to draw a more reliable conclusion about it.  All relevant studies were searched in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, till August 20, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the association.  A total of five independent case-control studies with 1707 AITD patients and 2316 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The overall pooled analysis indicated that STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism was significantly associated with AITD susceptibility [TT vs. GG: OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.24–2.15, PZ = 0.0005; TT vs. (TG+GG): OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.26–1.91, PZ < 0.0001]. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant association of STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism with AITD susceptibility in Asian population, but not in African population. STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism was significantly associated both with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) susceptibility.  This meta-analysis showed a significant association between STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism and AITD susceptibility. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and other ethnicities are still required to confirm the findings.

Field of study: Biology
Comment on “Dextral transpression and late-Eocene magmatism in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh Batholith (North India): implications for tectono-magmatic evolution of the Indo-Eurasian collisional arc”

We would like to congratulate Sen and Collins (2012) for producing a detailed study of the structural history of the Ladakh Batholith according to new LA-ICPMS U/Pb analyses of zircon and AMS measurements. This work provides some significant findings to the evolution of this part of the Himalaya. However, we wanted to draw the author’s attention to the omission of a discussion of other geochronological results from the region (White et al. 2012). This is because the results are particularly important for understanding the India–Asia collision. We also raise concerns about some of the conclusions that were drawn from AMS measurement in regard to postcrystallization deformation of the Ladakh Batholith granitoids. Switches between Iand S-type granites during the Himalayan orogeny

Field of study: Environmental science
[Possibilities of preventive therapy in frequent episodic tension-type headache].

: Цель исследования - изучение эффективности и безопасности препарата тенотен в профилактическом лечении частой эпизодической головной боли напряжения (ЧЭГБН) в сравнении с пациентами, принимающими исключительно препараты для купирования эпизодов ГБН. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 60 пациентов с ЧЭГБН. Основную группу составили 30 пациентов, которым наряду с традиционными средствами купирования отдельных эпизодов головной боли назначался тенотен. В течение исследования осуществлялись 3 визита: перед началом терапии, через 1 мес и через 3 мес. В начале и в конце наблюдения всем пациентам было проведено физикальное и клинико-неврологическое обследование. На каждом визите проводилась оценка эффективности проводимого лечения по следующим параметрам: интенсивность по 10-балльной визуальной аналоговой шкале боли и напряжения перикраниальных мышц в 6 стандартных точках, средняя частота и длительность эпизодов головной боли, показатель качества жизни (по данным анкеты качества жизни), выраженность депрессии по шкале Бека, ситуационной и личностной тревожности по шкале Спилбергера, симптомов заболевания по вегетативной анкете, симптомы нарушений сна по анкете сна, частота нежелательных явлений, а также оценка по 7-балльной шкале общего клинического впечатления эффективности лечения врачом и пациентом. Результаты и заключение. Применение тенотена в качестве профилактического средства позволило снизить частоту приступов головной боли, что на момент окончания курса терапии позволило отнести заболевание к форме редкой эпизодической ГБН. Одновременно такая терапия сопровождалась существенным снижением интенсивности головной боли в приступах, а также резким сокращением количества принимаемых анальгетиков.  A study included 60 patients with FETHA. Patients of the main group (n=30) received tenoten in addition to standard treatment. The study comprised 3 visits: beginning of treatment, after one month and after three months. All patients underwent physical and clinical/neurological examinations. In each visit, treatment efficacy was assessed according the following parameters: VAS scores (0-10) for assessment of pain and tension in pericranial muscles in 6 standard points, mean frequency and duration of the headache episode, quality of life indices, Beck depression scores, Spilberger trait and state anxiety, autonomic symptom severity, parameters of sleep disorders, frequency of adverse effects, CGI scores (0-7).  Tenoten as a preventive medication reduced the frequency of headache episodes that allowed to diagnose patients with rare episodic tension-type headache in the end of treatment. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in headache intensity during the episode and decrease in amount of analgesics used by the patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The molecular characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis patients in Guangdong province in past years

To study the molecular characters of porA and porB genes which encode outer membrane proteins (OMP), and predominated clonal complex of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from Guangdong province.  Eighteen Neisseria meningitidis isolates from Guangdong province during year 1967 to 2007 were recovered and reconfirmed by API NH biochemical system, and serogrouped by antiserum. The characters of porA and porB gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing. The allele profiles and the sequence types (ST) were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Based on their allelic profiles, the evolution relationship was analyzed by PHYLIP software. The predominant clonal complex was determined through comparing with the information of reference strains from the PubMLST database.  For porA gene, type 20 was more frequently in the variable region (VR) 1 and type 9 in VR2 before year 2004. However, for porB gene, type 4 was more frequently in VR Ⅰ, type7 in VR Ⅳ, type 11 in VR Ⅴ,and type 10 in VR Ⅵ, respectively. The multi-types character was presented in VR Ⅴ and VR Ⅵ after2004. VR Ⅶ and VR Ⅷ can not be found among all the isolates except for one W135 isolate in 2007. Among the seven housekeeping genes, the polymorphism of abcZ was the lowest one with 4 allele numbers, while pgm was the highest one with 13 allele numbers. The predominant clonal complex was ST-5 before 2004. The ST-4821 clone complex appeared in 2004 and caused cases every year since then. More important, highly invasive ST-11 clonal complex firstly appeared in Guangdong in 2007.  The molecular characteristic of OMP genes presents polymorphism for the Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients in Guangdong province during 1967 to 2007. ST-5 is the predominant clonal complex before 2004 and the highly invasive clonal complex is circulating in recent 3 years. It suggests that the surveillance based on laboratory should be further enhanced. 
 
 
Neisseria meningitidis;  Molecular character;  Multilocus sequence typing;  Outer membrane protein encoding genes

Field of study: Biology
Formation of superoxide anion in the hepatic sinusoid after lipopolysaccharide challenge

Using the cytochrome c method, superoxide anion that is released into the hepatic sinusoid was measured after a lipopolysaccharide challenge in a liver perfusion system. Moreover, damages of epithelial cells of the hepatic sinusoid were estimated with scanning electron microscopic analysis and levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase/GPT ratio. Lipopclysacchadde administration increased the conversion of oxidized cytochrome c into reduced cytochrome c in the perfusate, indicating that superoxide anion was formed in the hepatic sinusoid. This change was associated with increase in levels of portal tumor necrosis factor-a and attenuated by the simultaneous administration of superoxide dismutase. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that diameters of sinusoidal fenestrae increased in rats treated with lipopolysaccharide, compared with controls. Moreover, levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase/GPT ratio was significantly increased in the liver perfusate in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats, compared with controls. Superoxide anion in hepatic sinusoid may be one of the pathogenic factors behind damages of epithelial cells of the hepatic sinusoid caused by lipopolysaccharide.

Field of study: Medicine
Theoretical study of a novel refrigeration compressor – Part I: Design of the revolving vane (RV) compressor and its frictional losses

This paper presents a new rotary type compressor, named ‘Revolving Vane (RV) compressor’, in which frictional losses are effectively reduced through the radical use of a rotating cylinder. The friction at various contact regions are formulated and analyzed, after which a parametric study is conducted to reveal configurations of the compressor that achieves high mechanical efficiencies. Inadvertently, the rotating cylinder is also found to enhance the smoothness of the compressor's operation by reducing its torque fluctuations. Besides good mechanical performance, the RV compressor is also found to possess a high volumetric efficiency, as shown in Part III of this paper series ( Teh and Ooi, in press ). In further consideration of the small number of parts and simple geometries of its components, it is believed that the RV compressor is well suited and can be readily adopted for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications.

Field of study: Engineering
Quasielastic transfer reactions in 238U + 197Au and 197Au + 197Au collisions near the Coulomb barrier

Differential cross sections as a function of cm angle were measured for 1n- and 2n-transfer reactions in 238U + 197 Au and197 Au + 197 Au collisions in the energy range from 0.881 Vc to 1.093 Vc and 0.825 Vc to 0.964 Vc, respectively. For 198Au and 199Au from the 238U + 197Au collisions, for reduced distances of closest approach do 1.55 fm, the angular distributions at all bombarding energies are well described by the semiclassical theory. Equivalently, the transfer probabilities show the expected exponential decrease with increasing do over many orders of magnitude. For all other transfer products from 238U + 197Au collisions, and for all transfer products from 197Au + 197Au collisions, markedly reduced cross sections relative to the semiclassical theory are observed for central collisions at all bombarding energies, even for values of do that are well outside the region where absorption is known to set in. Only for the more peripheral collisions, one observes agreement of the angular distributions (transfer probabilities) with the semiclassical expectations. The deviations for central collisions are absent for reactions with positive Qgg values and scale roughly with increasingly negative values of Qgg, i.e. with increasing Q-value mismatch. Channel coupling is proposed as the relevant mechanism.

Field of study: Physics
Intercomparison Study of Liquid - Liquid Extraction and Adsorption on Polyurethane and Amberlite XAD

Nuclear reactor installation in underground construction having a tunnel extending from a location at the surface of the earth to an underground concrete tank includes an auxiliary tunnel extending from a branching location of the first-mentioned tunnel to a location at the surface of the earth different than that from which the first-mentioned tunnel extends, the auxiliary tunnel having a cross section smaller than that of the first-mentioned tunnel and having means disposed therein for blocking the auxiliary tunnel, the blocking means being openable during operation of the nuclear reactor installation, the first-mentioned tunnel being substantially rectilinear and being continuously closed during operation of the nuclear reactor installation between the branching location thereof and the location at the surface of the earth from which the first-mentioned tunnel extends.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hardware-Supported ORAM in Effect: Practical Oblivious Search and Update on Very Large Dataset

The ability to query and update over encrypted data is an essential feature to enable breach-resilient cyber-infrastructures. Statistical attacks on searchable encryption (SE) have demonstrated the importance of sealing information leaks in access patterns. In response to such attacks, the community has proposed the Oblivious Random Access Machine (ORAM). However, due to the logarithmic communication overhead of ORAM, the composition of ORAM and SE is known to be costly in the conventional client-server model, which poses a critical barrier toward its practical adaptations. In this paper, we propose a novel hardware-supported privacy-enhancing platform called Practical Oblivious Search and Update Platform (POSUP), which enables oblivious keyword search and update operations on large datasets with high efficiency. We harness Intel SGX to realize efficient oblivious data structures for oblivious search/update purposes. We implemented POSUP and evaluated its performance on a Wikipedia dataset containing ≥229 keyword-file pairs. Our implementation is highly efficient, taking only 1 ms to access a 3 KB block with Circuit-ORAM. Our experiments have shown that POSUP offers up to 70× less end-to-end delay with 100× reduced network bandwidth consumption compared with the traditional ORAM-SE composition without secure hardware. POSUP is also at least 4.5× faster for up to 99.5% of keywords that can be searched compared with state-of-the-art Intel SGX-assisted search platforms.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics