nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Antennas Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks

Performance of cooperative spectrum sensing with multiple antennas at each cognitive radio is discussed in this paper. A new algorithm based on auto-correlation is proposed in which the optimal weights are obtained for each antenna in case little priori knowledge of channel characteristics as well as noise is known. In multiple antennas spectrum sensing, As long as the antenna characteristics are similar, the detection probability can be improved if more antennas are involved. However, if the antenna characteristics are quite different or the number of poorly performed antenna is large the detection probability deteriorates. Therefore, the well-performed antennas are selected in order to improve the detection probability. The performance of an antenna is obtained to determine whether it is deployed to sense the spectrum. A criterion is proposed to select the well-performed antennas to sense spectrum. Simulations are used to verify the method. The results indicate that the proposed antenna weighting and selection algorithm can be able to optimize network performance.

Field of study: Computer science
On the uniqueness of university life education

In comparison with "pre-university" life education centering on gradual improvement and "post-university" life education emphasizing self meditation,university life education is unique in its stronger subjective capacity to experience a vigorous life.Such vigorous life structure is composed of physical,mental and social life education,among which mental aspect is the basis.The basis consists of the pursuit of truth,kindness,beauty and utilization as well as the disdain of the fake,evil,sinister and harmful.As the embodiment of senses of rationality,moral and,aesthetics and values,mental life education can foster integration with physical and social education while maintaining their uniqueness.

Field of study: Education
Use of a Thrombin Fibrin Sealant in Reducing Blood Loss in Revision Hip Arthroplasty

We present a retrospective evaluation assessing the use of a novel fibrin sealant, Quixil® (OMRIX Biopharmaceuticals S.A.) in reducing blood transfusions following revision total hip replacement surgery. Forty four patients underwent revision total hip replacement surgery using Quixil®, while 45 patients underwent revision total hip replacement surgery without the use of Quixil®. The duration of surgery and patient demographics were similar in both groups. Average blood loss was 1,010ml in the Quixil® group versus 1,021ml in the non-Quixil group. The use of cell saver and intra-operative blood transfusion were similar in both groups. The mean pre-operative Haemoglobin was 13.0 g/dl in the Quixil® group versus 12.4 g/dl in the non-Quixil group. The mean post-operative haemoglobin was 10.2 g/dl and 9.1 g/dl in the Quixil® and non-Quixil groups respectively. There was no difference in the blood transfused post-operatively between the two groups. Total units of blood transfused in Quixil® versus non-Quixil group were 60 verus 86. Total units of intra-operative blood transfused in Quixil® versus non-Quixil group were 16 versus 23. The use of fibrin tissue adhesive in revision total hip arthroplasty seems to be an effective and reliable means to reduce blood-transfusion requirements and prevent post-operative decreases in hemoglobin.

Field of study: Medicine
Origins of Regional Divergence: Economic Growth in Socialist Yugoslavia

Relative to western Europe, we know very little about the determinants of economic growth at the regional level within socialist Europe. This is somewhat unusual, given that socialist policy&#8208;makers have put great emphasis on equitable regional development. This article analyses the regional patterns of growth and divergence in socialist Yugoslavia. New estimates of output and inputs are constructed, and an analysis of output growth, factor accumulation, structural modernization, and productivity is provided. Two novel empirical findings are uncovered. The first is that the sources of growth across the regions were fundamentally different. Total factor productivity was a much more important source of growth in the richer regions than it was in the poorer ones. The second finding is that the source of the regional income divergence lies in the failure of the less developed regions to converge towards the employment rates and total factor productivities of the more developed regions. These failures are interpreted, at least partially, as symptoms of the governing objective and the soft budget constraint of the labour&#8208;managed firms that operated in Yugoslavia. It is argued that Yugoslavia's development model was less suited to the pre&#8208;conditions that prevailed in the less developed parts of the country.

Field of study: Economics, History
A Contrasting Bipolar Jungian Method of Modeling Military Character and Nonmilitary Character

A forced-choice, bipolar, Jungian inventory of representative items inspired by the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory and the Self-directed Search was administered to a military sample of 73 U. S. Air Force (USAF) and U. S. Army (USA) Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets and a nonmilitary sample of 74 civilian graduate students. Fourier transforms of the general trigonometric polynomial depicted from the graphed point plots of the statistically significant data indicated (a) a “direct-current” characterization of the military sample and (b) an “alternating-current” characterization of the nonmilitary sample. Equivalent system models were extrapolated from behavioral and clinical psychology, i.e., “paranoid” and “schizoid,” and personality psychology, i.e., “authoritarian” and “egalitarian.” The resulting characterizations from the physics model were pragmatically discussed as possible predictors of (a) identifying probable successful U. S. Service Academy enrollees, (b) profiling effective military recruiters, and (c) maximizing the potential combat effectiveness of the military unit.

Field of study: Psychology
The effect of land-use on the local distribution of palm species in an Andean rain forest fragment in northwestern Ecuador

The northern Andes is extremely rich in plant species, but this diversity is threatened by extensive deforestation. This study reports on how five palm species respond to human disturbance in an area of montane forest in Ecuador. The abundance of each species was determined in 250 40 × 30m plots, established in disturbed and undisturbed forest within an area of 3 × 3km and altitudes spanning 1248–1938m. Aiphanes erinacea (H. Karst.) H. Wendl. and to a lesser degree Geonoma undata Klotzsch were negatively affected by even moderate human disturbance, while Chamaedorea linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. and C. pinnatifrons (Jacq.) Oerst. benefitted from such disturbance and Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore was unaffected given time enough to replenish its population after disturbance. At the scale of the plots, species richness was maximized in undisturbed forest. Aiphanes erinacea is endemic to northern Ecuador and southern Colombia and must be considered threatened by the extensive deforestation here. If the behaviour of these palms is representative of Andean rain forest plans in general, the negative effect of moderate anthropogenic disturbance on plant biodiversity at scales of ≥1km2 might be negligible. Thus, biologically sustainable logging could be possible.

Field of study: Environmental science
Asymmetric syntheses and lanthanide-induced CD studies of (24R and 24S) 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25-pentols

cholest-24-ene-3a,7a, 12a-trio1 was efficiently converted to the corresponding (24R and 24s) isomers of 5~-cholestane-3a,7a, 12a,24,25-pentols with the 0s-catalyzed Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation process. Utilizing a new phthalazine class of cinchona alkaloid based ligands, namely (DHQDhPHAL and (DHQhPHAL and the use of methylsulfonamide for the acceleration of the reaction rate, the enantiomeric excess achieved ranged from 9598%. The absolute configurations and enantiomeric excess of the (24R,24S)-5~-cholestane-3a,7a, 12a,24,25-pentols achieved were confirmed by the lanthanide-induced CD Cotton effect Measurements.

Field of study: Chemistry
Conformational changes and the regulation of glutamate-dehydrogenase activity.

1. The effect of NADH and the non-competitive inhibitor GTP on the optical-rotatory-dispersion properties of glutamate dehydrogenase has been studied. 2. Analysis of the data in terms of the a(0) and b(0) parameters of the Moffitt-Yang equation indicates that a conformational change is induced either by NADH or by GTP in the presence of small amounts of NADH. 3. Sedimentation measurements under comparable conditions showed that the enzyme reversibly dissociates into sub-units but that this dissociation is only secondary to the conformational changes. 4. Fluorescence measurements showed that the binding constant of NADH and the number of binding sites on the enzyme increased in the presence of GTP. 5. This is confirmed by studies of fluorescence polarization, which in addition showed that the movement of NADH on the enzyme surface is more restricted in the presence of GTP. 6. The relation of these results to possible regulatory mechanisms is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Correlated ion diffusion in ?-Ag 0.7Cu 0.3I

Correlation effects in the ionic conductivity of γ-Ag0.7Cu0.3I were studied by impedance spectroscopy measurements in the frequency range 5 Hz–13 MHz and below the superionic transition of AgI at 147 °C. As the temperature decreases from 147 °C, the spectra of the real part of the conductivity (σ′) shows a transition from their dc values to a dispersive regime where the conductivity shows a power-law frequency dependence at higher frequencies, as a consequence of correlation effects among charge carriers. The dielectric permittivity (e*) shows frequency dependence that may be related to dielectric relaxation of the material as a consequence of ionic hopping. Also, the modulus spectra shows asymmetric peaks that have been analyzed in terms of non-exponential decay function, with a Kohlrausch parameter β that increases from 0.8 at 22 °C to 1.0 at 122 °C In contrast to single cation AgI-systems which follow a temperature invariant shape, the observed behavior can be explained by a mixed-cation effect due to enhancement of Cu+ mobility with increasing temperature. Both the dc conductivity (σ0) and the crossover frequency (ωp) to the power-law dependent regime of σ′(ω) were found to be thermally activated with the same energy, Eσ, pointing to a common origin of them in ionic hopping.

Field of study: Materials science
Low-frequency dielectric relaxation (1/f noise) in relaxors of the (1 − x)PMN-(x)PZT system

The dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics (1 − x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-(x)PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 (PMN-PZT) have been studied at frequencies from 40 Hz to 1 MHz in the temperature range of the diffuse phase transition. It is established that the dielectric relaxation generates 1/f noise, whose spectral density depends on the relaxor composition and temperature.

Field of study: Physics
Antimalarial drug sensitivity test: A new approach toward management of severity of Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria despite everything represents a danger to the strength of occupants and voyagers in tropical nations. The Plasmodium species that are known to infect humans worldwide are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi. Of these, P. falciparum causes high morbidity and mortality, and it is during the asexual erythrocytic stages that the majority of the indications of malaria are shown.  The aim of this study was to standardize an in vitro assay for antimalarial drug sensitivity of P. falciparum isolates.  This prospective study was carried out over a period of 1 year from July 2014 to June 2015. We effectively completed in vitro drug susceptibility testing on 34 isolates of P. falciparum, which were collected from the patient admitted in Mahatma Gandhi Mission’s Teaching Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. We obtained the P. falciparum 3D7 strain from Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. World Health Organization (WHO) standard in vitro micro-test (Mark III) method was used for the assessment of the response of P. falciparum to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and artemisinin. The method was partially modified by replacement of leukocytes with AB serum in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium.  The development of P. falciparum 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain from the ring stage to schizonts (not fewer than six merozoites) in control wells containing chloroquine was 100% recorded. This level of development in the control wells empowered fast minute assurance (5min for isolate per drug) of the Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chloroquine. The test well shows the development from the ring stage to mature schizont stages were 67.65% in well containing chloroquine, 17.65% in well containing amodiaquine, and 14.71% in well containing sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, it means these drugs are resistant to P. falciparum, and however, there is no development of the P. falciparum from the ring stage to mature schizont (with at least six merozoites) stage in the well containing artesunate, mefloquine and quinine were equal to the control well, it means these antimalarial drugs are sensitive to the P. falciparum.  Antimalarial drug resistance has developed as a result of prescribing this medication without having malaria. Early diagnosis of malaria and drug sensitivity testing may prevent the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs. Monotherapy ought to be kept up a key decent way from; the combined antimalarial drug therapy may reduce the chances of emergence of antimalarial drug resistance.

Field of study: Medicine
Social Stratification and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Examination of Emotional Suppression as a Pathway to Risk

This article examines whether emotional suppression is associated with socioeconomic position (SEP) in a community sample of Black and White men, and whether emotional suppression may help explain the aggregation of multiple biopsychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease at lower SEP (social support, depression, cardiovascular stress reactivity).  1 tests whether multiple indicators of SEP show a consistent graded association with self-reported trait suppression, and whether suppression mediates associations between SEP and perceived social support and depressive affect.  2 tests whether suppression during a laboratory anger recall task mediates associations between SEP and cardiovascular reactivity to the task. All measures of higher SEP were associated with lower suppression. Findings in this racially diverse sample of adult men suggest that socioeconomic disparities in emotional suppression may be more likely to confer cardiovascular risk through disruption of affect and social relationships, than through direct and immediate physiological pathways.

Field of study: Psychology
Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus BamHI F DNA fragment in nude mouse-passaged nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues.

Two nude mouse-passaged nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, NPC-295 and NPC-306, were different in ability to transform cord blood lymphocytes and contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes with difference in BamHI F DNA fragment. Four clones containing DNA sequences of the BamHI F fragment (54,853-62,249) were obtained from genomic libraries of NPC-295 and NPC-306 and their partial restriction enzyme maps and sequences were determined. The restriction enzyme maps of EBV DNA at the BamHI F fragment in NPC-295 and NPC-306 appeared to be similar to that of EBV B95-8 strain. However, 8 nucleotide differences were revealed between NPC-295 and the B95-8 strain when 566 nucleotides (55,405-55,970) were compared, and 15 out of 677 nucleotides analyzed (55,410-56,086) were different between NPC-306 and B95-8.

Field of study: Biology
Investigation of the stereochemistry of adducts of aryloxyfurans with maleic acid derivatives by PMR spectroscopy

The stereochemistry of adducts of aryloxyfurans with maleic acid derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. It was shown that adducts with maleic anhydride are produced only in the form of exo isomers, whereas adducts with N-phenyl-maleinimide are isolated from the reaction in the form of mixtures of endo and exo forms. Bromination of the adducts was realized. The orientation of the bromine atoms in the bromination products was established by PMR spectroscopy: The bromine atoms in the dibromo derivative of the adduct with maleic anhydride are cis-oriented (endo-4-Br, endo-5-Br), whereas the bromine atoms have a trans configuration (endo-4-Br, exo-5-Br) in the dibromo derivative of the adduct with N-phenylmaleinimide.

Field of study: Chemistry
Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Chinese South Tianshan Orogen: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic and dioritic rocks from Xiate, NW China

Traditionally the Chinese South Tianshan has been regarded as a late Paleozoic orogenic belt. However, little is known about the early Paleozoic tectonic architecture of the region. This paper presents the first evidence of Cambrian–Ordovician MORB-type basalts and adakitic diorites on the southern margin of the Yili plate in China. Basalts from Xiate in southwestern Tianshan show a typical transitional (T-) MORB and ferrobasalt composition, which indicate a formation at a propagating spreading ridge. The basalts give a weighted mean 206Pb/238U crystallization age of 516.3 ± 7.4 Ma by SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating and have experienced contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of a dioritic pluton. The dioritic pluton has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U crystallization age of 470 ± 12 Ma and geochemical characteristics resembling that of adakitic rocks. The pluton is considered to have been formed by partial melting of garnet amphibolites from thickened lower crust in arc or continental collision settings. The basalts and diorites are considered to outline the eastern extension of the early Paleozoic suture zone, the Nikolaev Line, which stretches east–west for hundreds of kilometers between the Northern Tianshan and Central Tianshan terranes of Kyrgyzstan. Our findings substantiate that the Yili and Central Tianshan plates were separated by the early Paleozoic Terskey ocean. The Terskey ocean probably closed during the early stage of the late Ordovician (Lomize et al. in Geotectonics 31(6):463–482, 1997), resulting in the final amalgamation of the Yili and Central Tianshan plates. Consequently, an early Paleozoic suture zone is documented in the Chinese Tianshan region, which is most likely represented by the North Nalati fault.

Field of study: Environmental science
A study on air circulation: the case of House VI of “Vila” 37 with the application of wind-catch

The continuous process of urban transformation, as well as the changes that take place within the built environments themselves, interfere in the ventilation dynamic. This happened to Vila 37 - in Rio de Janeiro city - where the houses had to grow vertically, and were consequently swallowed by other urban volumes. Aiming to analyze the changes that took place in these confined ventilation spaces, house number VI was evaluated. Simulations using wind-capture was carried out in an attempt to increase and promote better ventilation. The analysis starts by solving the air circulation problem to determine the wind fields by using a mixed stabilized finite element method that is applied to the full Navier-Stokes equations. The computational simulation results of the original situation were compared with the results of the new scenario. The computational results suggest that the use of these strategies presents a good potential to provide ventilation with low environmental and economic costs.

Field of study: Engineering
Superconductivity in sintered-polycristalline PrBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\delta}$

Superconductivity in thin films and powders, and in single crystals of Pr-123 has been found by Blackstead et al. and Zou et al., respectively. Nevertheless, up to now it has never been reported in sintered-policrystalline samples. We have prepared high-quality samples of this material by following a sol-gel method. 
We characterized the structure of all samples by using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. Magnetic characterization was performed by measuring the magnetization as a function of the temperature T, and the applied magnetic field H. Measurements were taken in the ranges 2 K <T < 400 K and 0 <H< 5 Tesla. In this work we report by the first time superconductivity in Pr-123 sintered-polycristalline samples, with $T{_c}$ around 90 K, and $H{_c1}$ around 870 Oe.

Field of study: Physics
The Organizational Contexts, Controls and Implementation of E-Business

A control framework for successful business-to-consumer information systems (B2CIS) implementation was developed based on IS controls and implementation studies. Our research model suggests that top management support, system compatibility, IS infrastructure, IS expertise, and perceived importance of IS security affect four control modes: controls for system continuity, access controls, communication controls and informal controls. Furthermore, it posits that B2CIS controls affect B2CIS implementation, which has three dimensions: volume, sophistication, and information contents. Empirical tests indicated that IS infrastructure and perceived importance of IS security affect the usage of four modes of B2CIS controls, while system compatibility affects the usage of all these control modes except communication controls. The controls for system continuity are the most important controls for B2CIS implementation. This study provides insights into the adequacy of security measures undertaken under specific organizational circumstances for systems implementation.

Field of study: Computer science
Acetyliminopyridineiron(III) Complexes Immobilized in Fluorotetrasilicic Mica Interlayer as Efficient Catalysts for Oligomerization of Ethylene

As new heterogeneous catalysts, the 2-acetyl-6-{1-[(2,3,6-trisubstituted phenyl)imino]ethyl}pyridineiron(III) complexes immobilized in the fluorotetrasilicic mica interlayers were prepared by the r...

Field of study: Chemistry
La Résistance et le discours de l'exil

La richesse des documents maintenant disponibles sur le theme de l'exil et des refugies, a profondement influence la recherche quant a l'etendue et la nature de la Resistance en France pendant la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale. On constate a l'heure actuelle une facon d'aborder non seulement les exils eux-memes, que ce soit celui des Francais a Londres ou de ceux qui s'expatrierent a l'etranger mais aussi a travers les actions humanitaires des personnes qui recueillir des refugies ou les aiderent a s'echapper, sur le discours de l'exil, sur le concept « d'exil interieur » et finalement sur le discours « exilique » du retour. « Passer des frontieres » peut revetir de nombreuses significations, tout comme les espaces de liberte crees sur les frontieres de l'autorite. Le theme de l'exil offre ainsi des possibilites multiples pour aborder la comprehension de la reussite ou de l'echec de la Resistance et de l'ambiguite de son heritage.

Field of study: Materials science