nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
New Attacks on the RSA Cryptosystem

This paper presents three new attacks on the RSA cryptosystem. The first two attacks work when k RSA public keys (N i ,e i ) are such that there exist k relations of the shape e i x − y i φ(N i ) = z i or of the shape e i x i − yφ(N i ) = z i where N i = p i q i , φ(N i ) = (p i − 1)(q i − 1) and the parameters x, x i , y, y i , z i are suitably small in terms of the prime factors of the moduli. We show that our attacks enable us to simultaneously factor the k RSA moduli N i . The third attack works when the prime factors p and q of the modulus N = pq share an amount of their least significant bits (LSBs) in the presence of two decryption exponents d 1 and d 2 sharing an amount of their most significant bits (MSBs). The three attacks improve the bounds of some former attacks that make RSA insecure.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
O JOGO COMO MEDIAÇÃO DO PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM CLAPARÈDE

The aim of the present work was to recuperate Edovard Claparede’s contribuition to the understanding of the importance of the game in the teaching-learning relationship. It consisted of na analysis of Claparede’s book "The Functional Education", in which the methodological implication of the game in the child’s formation where stressed. When discussing the learning process relatioship between the student and the teacher, Claparede advocates that education should be processed from the point of view of the child and not of the educator.

Field of study: Education
Sedimentology and provenance of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation, Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: Bearings on the accretionary tectonic history of the Wrangellia composite terrane

Analysis of the Upper Jurassic Naknek Formation in the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, documents synorogenic sedimentation in a forearc basin along the outboard (southern) margin of the allochthonous Peninsular terrane during accretion to the western North American continental margin. New geochronologic, sedimentologic, and compositional data defi ne a two-part stratigraphy for the Naknek Formation. Microfossil, megafossil, and U-Pb clast ages document early Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian deposition of the lower 690 m of the Naknek Formation and early Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian deposition of the upper 225 m of the Naknek Formation. Lithofacies and paleocurrent data from the lower Naknek Formation demonstrate initial deposition on a high-gradient, southward-dipping basin fl oor. Submarine mass fl ows deposited poorly sorted, cobble-boulder conglomerate in proximal fan-delta environments. Gravelly mass fl ows transformed downslope into sandy turbidity currents on a muddy prodelta slope. During early Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian time, fan-delta environments were replaced by lower gradient marine shelf environments characterized by deposition of cross-stratifi ed sandstone and bioturbated mudstone. Source-diagnostic clasts, feldspathic sandstone compositions, southwarddirected paleocurrent indicators, and U-Pb zircon ages of plutonic clasts (167.6 ± 0.3 Ma; 166.5 ± 0.2 Ma, 164‐159 Ma, 156.2 ± 0.4 Ma) indicate that the Naknek Formation was derived primarily from volcanic and plutonic source terranes exposed along the northern basin margin in the southern Talkeetna Mountains. Geologic mapping documents the Little Oshetna fault, a newly identifi ed northward-dipping reverse fault that bounds the northern margin of the Naknek Formation in the Talkeetna Mountains. The concentration of boulder-rich mass-fl ow deposits in the footwall of the fault in combination with geochronologic and compositional data suggest that sedimentation was coeval with Late Jurassic shortening along the fault and exhumation of plutonic source terranes exposed in the hanging wall of the fault. From a regional perspective, coarse-grained forearc sedimentation and pluton exhumation along the outboard (southern) segment of the Peninsular terrane were coeval with crustal-scale shortening and synorogenic sedimentation in retroarc basins along the inboard (northern) margin of the Wrangellia terrane (Kahiltna, Nutzotin, and Wrangell Mountains basins). We interpret the regional and synchronous nature of Late Jurassic crustal-scale deformation and synorogenic sedimentation in south-central Alaska as refl ecting either initial collision of the Wrangellia and Peninsular terranes with the former continental margin of western North America or amalgamation of the two terranes prior to collision.

Field of study: Geology
Interleukin‐37 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Innate immune and inflammatory responses are involved in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Interleukin (IL)‐37 is a newly identified member of the IL‐1 family, and functions as a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity and inflammation. However, its role in myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. I/R or sham operations were performed on male C57BL/6J mice. I/R mice received an injection of recombinant human IL‐37 or vehicle, immediately before reperfusion. Compared with vehicle treatment, mice treated with IL‐37 showed an obvious amelioration of the I/R injury, as demonstrated by reduced infarct size, decreased cardiac troponin T level and improved cardiac function. This protective effect was associated with the ability of IL‐37 to suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and neutrophil infiltration, which together contributed to a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, we found that IL‐37 inhibited the up‐regulation of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB) activation after I/R, while increasing the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 level. Moreover, the administration of anti‐IL‐10R antibody abolished the protective effects of IL‐37 in I/R injury. In‐vitro experiments further demonstrated that IL‐37 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis under I/R condition, and suppressed the migration ability of neutrophils towards the chemokine LIX. In conclusion, IL‐37 plays a protective role against mouse myocardial I/R injury, offering a promising therapeutic medium for myocardial I/R injury.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Investigation of New Optical Properties of Cd and Co-doped Ag2S Colloidal Solution

In this work we report new optical properties of the Cd and Co-doped Ag2S colloidal solution. Cd and Co-doped Ag2S nanoparticles were prepared using a wet chemical method. The influence of doping on the optical properties of Cd and Co-doped nanoparticles was investigated. The TEM images showed the shape of samples is spherical of average particle size of about 6-18 nm for all pure and doped Ag2S nanoparticles. The absorption spectra of the doped samples are red shifted as compared with of the pure Ag2S samples. The Pl intensity of the Cd-doped Ag2S nanoparticles decreased as Cd concentration was increased. However, the Pl intensity of the Co-doped Ag2S reduced as the concentration of Co is enhanced. The particle sizes as calculated from the absorption spectra were in agreement with the results obtained from TEM.

Field of study: Materials science
Non-Redfield, nutrient synergy and flexible internal elemental stoichiometry in a marine bacterium

The stoichiometric constraints of algal growth are well understood, whereas there is less knowledge for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Growth of the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395, belonging to the globally distributed Roseobacter group, was studied across a wide concentration range of NH4+ and PO43−. The unique dataset covers 415 different concentration pairs, corresponding to 207 different molar N:P ratios (from 10−2 to 105). Maximal growth (by growth rate and biomass yield) was observed within a restricted concentration range at N:P ratios (∼50−120) markedly above Redfield. Experimentally determined growth parameters deviated to a large part from model predictions based on Liebig's law of the minimum, thus implicating synergistic co-limitation due to biochemical dependence of resources. Internal elemental ratios of P. inhibens varied with external nutrient supply within physiological constraints, thus adding to the growing evidence that aquatic bacteria can be flexible in their internal elemental composition. Taken together, the findings reported here revealed that P. inhibens is well adapted to fluctuating availability of inorganic N and P, expected to occur in its natural habitat (e.g. colonized algae, coastal areas). Moreover, this study suggests that elemental variability in bacterioplankton needs to be considered in the ecological stoichiometry of the oceans.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Brain abscess: a cogent clarifier of the confused concept of immunity.

The brain tends to be immune to inflammation and abscess formation, despite chronically and recurrently infected neighboring structures, and not uncommon pyemias and septicemias. Experimental inoculation of the brain tissue with microbes confirms this clinical experience. When brain-microbial interaction overcomes immunity, reactivity sets in, resulting in inflammation and abscess formation. Brain abscesses tend to stand apart from the host tissue so as to allow easy aspiration and/or ablation. A brain abscess is a dire neurosurgical emergency. The saving grace is that a few quick steps yield excellent results.

Field of study: Medicine
Isolation of Genomic DNA of Dangshansu Pearand Optimization of Its RAPD Analysis Condition

The isolation effect of genomic DNA from mature leaf, tender leaf and bud of Dangshansu pear was studied respectively by SDS method. After comparing the quantity and quality of genomic DNA isolated from different materials,the highquality DNA was used as template to optimize the reaction condition of RAPD analysis system. The result showed that the genomic DNA isolated from tender leaf and bud could be used for RAPD analysis and that isolated from mature leaf couldn't be used directly. The optimum reaction condition of RAPD analysis system for Dangshansu pear was as follows: total reaction volume 50μl, including about 80 ng template DNA,5 μL 10×PCR Buffer purchased, 20 mmol/L MgCl2,120 μmol/L dNTPs,3 unite Taq polymerase, 05 μmol/L random primer; the program of heating:predenaturation 5 min at 94℃ to make template DNA denaturating sufficiently,then undergo a proceeding of reaction cycles as denaturation 30 s at 94℃,anneal 45 s at 36℃, polymerization 90 s at 72℃, 40 cycles, finally polymerization 7 min at 72℃。

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Report of the 2017-2018 Professional Affairs Standing Committee: The Development of the Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool for Entrustable Professional Activities for New Graduates

The 2017-2018 AACP Professional Affairs Committee addressed the charges of (1) developing a self-reflection/self-assessment tool for pharmacy faculty and preceptors to allow them to assess their capability and confidence with Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) Educational Outcomes, the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP), and the Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for New Pharmacy Graduates and (2) creation of a plan for AACP to utilize in the development of preceptor continuing education and training programs. This report describes the framework, rationale and process for the development of the Preceptor Self-Assessment Tool for Entrustable Professional Activities for New Pharmacy Graduates (PSAE Tool), the pre-test for the PSAE tool, and the online pilot test and its results for the PSAE Tool. The committee provides recommendations for AACP in the continued development and distribution of the PSAE Tool to the schools of pharmacy. Considerations for AACP and the schools of pharmacy to consider in the continuing professional development (CPD) for all preceptors are also discussed. The committee provides a policy statement, adopted by the AACP House of Delegates, regarding the commitment of AACP regarding the CPD for all preceptors. The committee also provides several recommendations to AACP and suggestions to schools of pharmacy and other stakeholder groups pertaining to the committee charges.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Fe-Doped Sol-Gel Glasses and Glass-Ceramics for Magnetic Hyperthermia

This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of novel Fe-containing sol-gel materials obtained by modifying the composition of a binary SiO2-CaO parent glass with the addition of Fe2O3. The effect of different processing conditions (calcination in air vs. argon flowing) on the formation of magnetic crystalline phases was investigated. The produced materials were analyzed from thermal (hot-stage microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermal calorimetry) and microstructural (X-ray diffraction) viewpoints to assess both the behavior upon heating and the development of crystalline phases. N2 adsorption–desorption measurements allowed determining that these materials have high surface area (40–120 m2/g) and mesoporous texture with mesopore size in the range of 18 to 30 nm. It was assessed that the magnetic properties can actually be tailored by controlling the Fe content and the environmental conditions (oxidant vs. inert atmosphere) during calcination. The glasses and glass-ceramics developed in this work show promise for applications in bone tissue healing which require the use of biocompatible magnetic implants able to elicit therapeutic actions, such as hyperthermia for bone cancer treatment.

Field of study: Materials science
Focusing properties of the Parker magnetic field

The motion of protons with energies of up to 10 GeV ejected from the sphere and moving in the Parker magnetic field is considerd. Results show that the Parker magnetic field has certain focusing properties: (1) if magnetic field is positive, all of the energetic protons radially ejected from the sphere are attracted by the field in the equatorial plane; (2) if the magnetic field is negative, the protons are focused into a narrow beam along the field’s axis of symmetry.

Field of study: Physics
The Research for the Realistic Rendering and the Parallel Method of the 3D Terrain Scene based on OpenGL

The Realistic rendering of the 3D terrain scene always is used in some Cosmically Synthetic Distributed Simulation System. These systems sometimes have the demand of Parallel Rendering, such as long-range displaying scene. As an opening industry-standard on graph, the OpenGL will effectively realize the Realistic rendering of the 3D scene. On the basis of analyzing the intrinsic character of the OpenGL, the paper illustrates one realistic rendering of the terrain scene. Then we discuss the realistic rendering process of the 3D terrain scene based on OpenGL and analyze the parallel method of OpenGL program on LAN. This research will be help for deep into the study of the Parallel Rendering technology in Cosmically Synthetic Distributed Simulation System.

Field of study: Computer science
Nonlinear pattern selection in a mechanical model for morphogenesis

We present a numerical study of the nonlinear mechanical model for morphogenesis proposed by Oster et al. (1983) with the aim of establishing the pattern forming capability of the model. We present a technique for mode selection based on linear analysis and show that, in many cases, it is a reliable predictor for nonlinear mode selection. In order to determine the set of model parameters that can generate a particular pattern we develop a technique based on nonlinear least square fitting to a dispersion relation. As an application we present a scenario for sequential pattern formation of dermal aggregations in chick embryos which leads to the hexagonal array of cell aggregations observed in feather germ formation in vivo.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Alterations in somatostatin and proenkephalin mRNA in response to a single amygdaloid stimulation versus kindling.

Previous studies have shown changes in both somatostatin (SS)- and proenkephalin(PE)-derived peptides in the brains of amygdaloid-kindled rats, suggesting possible roles for the peptides in the kindling process. In this study, we have extended this analysis by looking at the time course of changes in SS and PE mRNAs at various times after kindling, in comparison with a single non-convulsive stimulation. Blot analysis of total RNA showed increases in SS mRNA in striatum, frontal cortex and hippocampus of animals receiving only a single stimulation as well as kindled animals--the increase occurred 1-3 days following stimulation and levels were back to basal by 1 week. PE mRNA did not change. In situ hybridization analysis, one day after the last kindling stimulation, showed significant elevations of SS mRNA in CA1, CA2 and dentate gyrus of hippocampus and of PE mRNA in olfactory cortex that were specific to kindling. However, both a single stimulation and kindling increased PE mRNA in olfactory tubercle and arcuate nucleus. In contrast, a single electrical stimulus increased PE mRNA in ventral striatum and SS mRNA in cingulate cortex and olfactory tubercle. These data support the idea that changes of SS mRNA in hippocampus and of PE mRNA in olfactory cortex may be related to kindling, and point out the importance of using animals which receive a single electrical stimulus, rather than sham-operated animals, as controls.

Field of study: Biology
Bird assemblages in fragmented agricultural landscapes: the role of small brigalow remnants and adjoining land uses

Agricultural intensification typically leads to changes in bird diversity and community composition, with fewer species and foraging guilds present in more intensively managed parts of the landscape. In this study, we compare bird communities in small (2–32 ha) brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) remnants with those in adjacent uncultivated grassland, previously cultivated grassland and current cropland, to determine the contribution of different land uses to bird diversity in the agricultural landscape. Twenty remnant brigalow patches and adjacent agricultural (‘matrix’) areas in southern inland Queensland, Australia were sampled for bird composition and habitat characteristics. The richness, abundance and diversity of birds were all significantly higher in brigalow remnants than in the adjacent matrix of cropping and grassland. Within the matrix, species richness and diversity were higher in uncultivated grasslands than in current cultivation or previously cultivated grasslands. Forty-four percent of bird species were recorded only in brigalow remnants and 78% of species were recorded in brigalow and at least one other land management category. Despite high levels of landscape fragmentation and modification, small patches of remnant brigalow vegetation provide important habitat for a unique and diverse assemblage of native birds. The less intensively managed components of the agricultural matrix also support diverse bird assemblages and thus, may be important for local and regional biodiversity conservation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Synthesis,Evaluation and Adsorption Behavior of Naphthalene Analog-Imprinted Polymer by Immobilized Template on Modified Silica Gel in Seawater

A novel surface imprinting material was synthesized using a template immobilized on a modified Silica gel matrix where naphthyl acetic acid was grafted to aminopropyl Silica. The Silica template conjugate was co-polymerized with a functional monomer (methacrylic acid) and cross-linker (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate),and then the Silica-polymer composites were treated with an aqueous NH4HF2 solution to dissolve the Silica matrix. FT-IR spectrum and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were adopted for the characterization of the surface and structure of the molecularly imprinted polymer,also,the specific surface area of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were studied. The binding energy of imprinted molecule with functional monomer was calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method,and the largest binding energy could be chosen for the synthesis of MIP. Competitive rebinding test was carried out in seawater media,and the selective adsorptions of target molecule on MIP were studied. The resulting polymer was found as specific affinity toward naphthalene and phenanthrene. The reason for the higher sensitivity to phenanthrene owe to the size of the carboxyl group,where the imprint molecule was larger than naphthalene. It is was possible to preconcentrate the structural analogues of naphthalene from seawater by using the analog-imprinted polymer in the future.

Field of study: Chemistry
A stochastic model and Monte Carlo algorithm for fluctuation-induced H2 formation on the surface of interstellar dust grains

A stochastic algorithm for simulation of fluctuation-induced kinetics of H2 formation on grain surfaces is suggested as a generalization of the technique developed in our recent studies  where this method was developed to describe the annihilation of spatially separate electrons and holes in a disordered semiconductor. The stochastic model is based on the spatially inhomogeneous, nonlinear integro-differential Smoluchowski equations with random source term. In this paper we derive the general system of Smoluchowski type equations for the formation of H2 from two hydrogen atoms on the surface of interstellar dust grains with physisorption and chemisorption sites. We focus in this study on the spatial distribution, and numerically investigate the segregation in the case of a source with a continuous generation in time and randomly distributed in space. The stochastic particle method presented is based on a probabilistic interpretation of the underlying process as a stochastic Markov process of interacting particle system in discrete but randomly progressed time instances. The segregation is analyzed through the correlation analysis of the vector random field of concentrations which appears to be isotropic in space and stationary in time.

Field of study: Physics
RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL TO REGULAR WAVE FORCES

The dynamic response of a submerged floating tunnel due to regular wave forces is investigated. The equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived using Hamiltonian variation principle. The dynamic model of the submerged floating tunnel is presented, considering nonlinear coupling between the axial and transverse vibrations of the tether. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference approach. The wave forces on the tunnel tube and the tether are calculated using Airy’s linear wave theory and Morison’s equation. The simulated results show that if the length of the tether is long enough so that its frequency of self-vibration is in the range of the wave frequency, self-vibration modes of the tether are excited. And the coupling effect between axial and transversal vibrations of the tether can not be discarded. As the wave height or the specific ratio of the tunnel increases, the surge and sway responses increase too, but the heave response and the stress in the tether are hardly affected by the wave height.

Field of study: Engineering