nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Infiltration and Practice of Engineering Quality for Specialty Cultivating in Environmental Engineering

It is determined the future of China's environmental protection for the quality of environmental engineering talent. By exploring the characteristics and contents of the engineering quality, analyzing the requirements of engineering quality of environmental engineering students, it is required to specify the objectives of the project, to reform the teaching content and methods, to carry out extracurricular research activities, to strengthen the students quality of the engineering quality education. In order to cultivate more high quality compound talents, which is needed by environmental engineering for strengthen the students' engineering quality education Keywords: Environmental engineering, Engineering quality, Teaching practice

Field of study: Education
Machtfelder: Die Politik Herzog Albrechts IV. von Bayern (1447/1465–1508) zwischen Territorium, Dynastie und Reich. Christof Paulus. Forschungen zur Kaiser- und Papstgeschichte des Mittelalters; Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii 39. Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2015. viii + 752 pp. €90.


Field of study: History
Research on Temperature Distribution Rule of Glass Mold During Surfacing

The rule of temperature distribution of glass mold during surfacing were measured with G90-SAT thermal infrared imager. The results show that the temperature distribution of glass mold is complicated during surfacing and the regular of thermal circle of every point on the glass mold is low-high-highest-high-low, and the temperature is the highest when it is remelted. Thermal surfocing is a flash heating and cooling process the temperature in the upper surface of glass mold exists inhomogeneity and asynchronism during thermal surfacing.

Field of study: Materials science
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALMOND (Prunus dulcis cv. FRA GIULIO GRANDE)

Various physical and mechanical properties of almond (Prunus dulcis cv. 'Fra Giulio Grande') nuts and kernels were determined at four moisture content levels (9.74%, 16.35%, 23.28%, and 30.46% wet basis). The average length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, unit mass, volume, and sphericity of nuts were 36.77 mm, 26.70 mm, 19.01 mm, 26.51 mm, 6.06 g, 9.83 cm3, and 72.13%, respectively, while the corresponding values for kernels were 25.98 mm, 16.19 mm, 8.63 mm, 15.33 mm, 1.57 g, 1.93 cm3, and 59.01%, respectively, at a moisture content of 9.74% wet basis (w.b.). In the moisture range from 9.74% to 30.46% w.b., studies on the rewetted nut showed that the bulk density of nut and kernel decreased from 488 to 401 kg m-3 and from 559 to 475 kg m-3, respectively. The true density of nut decreased from 826 to 730 kg m-3, while for kernel it decreased from 922 to 844 kg m-3. The porosity of nut increased from 40.94% to 45.08%, while porosity of kernel increased from 39.43% to 43.69%. The projected area for nut and kernel increased from 745 to 823 mm2 and from 318 to 357 mm2, respectively. In the same moisture range, the static coefficient of friction for nuts on three different material surfaces varied from 0.291 to 0.415 on aluminum, from 0.338 to 0.462 on plywood, and from 0.392 to 0.529 on rubber. The corresponding values for kernels were 0.335 to 0.441, 0.381 to 0.496, and 0.484 to 0.589, respectively. The maximum force for nut cracking occurred in the longitudinal direction and the minimum force transversely in thickness direction. For all compression directions, the force required to crack the nut decreased with increasing moisture content. The results of this study could be applied to optimize and develop of machines for handling and cracking of this almond cultivar.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
MiR-34a Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Autophagy by Targeting HMGB1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

MiR-34a is identified as a tumor suppressor gene and involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. However, the regulatory mechanism of miR-34a in AML is unclear.  The expression of miR-34a and HMGB1 in HL-60, THP-1 and HS-5 cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect with miR-34a mimics, miR-34a inhibitor, si-HMGB1, pcDNA 3.1-HMGB1, and corresponding controls. The apoptosis and autophagy of transfected AML cells were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. Bioinformatics software and dual luciferase reporter assay were applied to predict and verify the target of miR-34a. The effects of miR-34a mimics or si-HMGB1 on chemotherapy-induced autophagy were further explored in HL-60 cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) along with lysosomal protease inhibitors E64d and pepstatin A.  MiR-34a was lower expressed and HMGB1 mRNA and proteins were both higher expressed in HL-60 and THP-1 cells compared with that in HS-5 cells. Higher expression levels of MiR-34 and lower expression levels of HMGB1 both significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in HL-60 and THP-1 cells. Dual luciferase reporter system confirmed that HMGB1 was a potential target of miR-34a. Moreover, overexpression of HMGB1 dramatically reversed the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy mediated by higher expression level of miR-34a. Higher expression level of miR-34a and lower expression level of HMGB1 both inhibited chemotherapy-induced autophagy by stimulating the LC3 conversion.  MiR-34a promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited autophagy by targeting HMGB1. Therefore, miR-34a may be a potential promising molecular target for AML therapy.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
THE RELEVANCE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS IN CORONAVIRUS IN SUSPECTED HUMAN CASES

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus. It leads to respiratory illness with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. One can be protected by washing hands regularly, avoiding touching your face, and avoiding close contact with individuals who are unhealthy. It is transmitted through contact with an infected individual when they cough or sneeze. It could be transmitted when an individual touches a surface or object that has the virus on it, then touches the eyes, nose, or mouth. Some laboratory test to diagnose covid-19 includes real-time RT-PCR primer and probe and CDC serology test. It is very necessary that covid-19 is diagnosed for accurate treatment and management.

Field of study: Medicine
Planning the Future: Scenario Planning, Infrastructural Time, and South African Fiction

This essay examines the impact that scenario planning has had on recent South African fiction. It first investigates how the popular use of scenario planning disseminated certain ideas about the timescale of infrastructural growth. These ideas, I argue, were vital tools in eliciting a consensus for structural adjustment policies among South Africa’s ruling elite. The essay’s second half then turns to Lauren Beukes’s science-fiction novel Zoo City. Beukes’s novel, I show, mimics scenario planning’s approach to capitalist time, but it does so in order to suggest that scenario planning misses the deeper, contradictory modes of temporality that inhere in infrastructure.

Field of study: Art
Modeling of transient characteristics of an air source heat pump with vapor injection during reverse-cycle defrosting.

A thorough literature review indicates that there is a dearth of modeling studies on the defrosting dynamics of air source heat pumps (ASHPs) due to the complex underlying physics and numerous computation details. In an effort to bridge the research gap, this paper first presents a five-stage hot-gas defrost model which is incorporated into a distributed-parameter heat exchange model integrated with a detailed frost growth model proposed in Qiao et al. (2017). Numerical treatments are then proposed to smooth the discontinuous transition between different defrosting stages, resulting in a significant improvement in numerical robustness. The developed models and the component models described in Qiao et al. (2015a) are applied to construct the system model of an air source flash tank vapor injection (FTVI) heat pump. A dynamic simulation is conducted to explore the transient fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena of the system during the reverse-cycle defrosting (RCD). A detailed description of the resulting physical processes is provided. The simulation results indicate that the energy used to melt the frost accounts for 17.7% of the total energy supply from the refrigerant flow, which is consistent with published experimental data for the efficiency of a typical defrosting process.

Field of study: Engineering
Observational Checklist –As an Instrument to Measure Intramuscular Injection Administration Skills among Students in the Institute of Nursing, Kuwait

There is no doubt that evaluation in nursing education for performance is an important activity with significant consequences. The outcome of an evaluation will have serious implications on students, teachers and eventually on the recipients of nursing care. This study aimed to measure Intramuscular Injection skills among students using structural demonstration session (with checklist) as compared with those using traditional teaching session (without checklist). The study was conducted at skills laboratory in the Institute of Nursing in Kuwait. A sample of 57 students enrolled in Medical Nursing was divided into two groups, experimental and control. A questionnaire was used to obtain student’s socio-demographic characteristics and an observational checklist was developed to evaluate the student’s performance in both groups. Pilot study was done on ten students to test the reliability of the checklist. The study findings indicated that all the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. Regarding preparation of medication, it was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group except in four steps, while in the injection part, there was significant difference only in one step. The Findings have important implications for developing checklist and other tools for evaluating performance skills in the Institute to maintain the quality of nursing education and utilize effective methods in preparing future nurses. Instructors should focus their efforts to find the best tools to educate, train and evaluate the nursing students. Further study related to nursing procedures is needed with a larger sample and different nursing procedures .  Observational Checklist, Intramuscular Injection, skills performance.

Field of study: Education
Light source based on a 100 mm-long monolithic undulator magnet with a very short 4 mm-period length.

A novel method to fabricate undulator magnets of a-few-millimetre-period length is being explored. Plate-type magnets, 100 mm-long with 4 mm-period length, have been successfully fabricated. They produce an undulator field of approximately 3 kG at a gap of 1.6 mm. Prototype undulators based on this technology have been constructed. Field measurements and characterization show that the quality of the undulator field of these plate magnets is sufficient for an undulator light source, and the calculated spectrum shows that the fundamental radiation emitted from this field is quite satisfactory. Test experiments for light generation using a real electron beam have been carried out at a test accelerator at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Japan, which is able to realize optics conditions to accept a very short gap of ∼1.6 mm. First observation and characterization of blue light was successfully accomplished.

Field of study: Physics
Development of an HTS Capacitor Using Bi2223/Ag Tapes as Electrodes

We produced HTS capacitors using two HTS tapes as electrodes. We observed that the current increased with frequency when fixed voltage was applied, thereby demonstrating the capacitance characteristic. In addition, changes in the dielectric layer and length of the HTS capacitor tape exhibited the same trend as those for regular capacitance. We tested directional changes of the transport current, using “same direction mode,” and “opposite direction mode.” In the opposite direction mode, the magnetic field was canceled and the inductance was nonexistent. In the same direction mode, we observed that the characteristic of the capacitor included the inductance in series. We clarified the fundamental HTS capacitance characteristic.

Field of study: Physics
Cycloalkencarbene, X1) Spiro[2.4]heptatriene durch Photolyse von Diazocyclopentadienen in Alkinen†

Bei der Photolyse substituierter Diazocyclopentadiene 3 in Alkinen 4 entstehen die Spiro-[2.4]heptatriene 1 in mittleren bis guten Ausbeuten. Als Konkurrenzreaktion zur (1 + 2)-Cycloaddition der Cyclopentadienylene 3′ lauft in einigen Fallen eine 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition von 3 mit 4 ab. Im Einklang mit dem elektrophilen Charakter von 3′ liefern elektronenreiche Alkine 4 hohere Ausbeuten an 1 als elektronenarme. Die Verbindungen 1a und b ergeben in einer (π2 + π4)-Cycloaddition mit Dienophilen die Diels-Alder-Addukte 11a und b bzw. 12a und b. Die Ringspannung der Spirene 1 wird anhand von 13CH-Kopplungen sowie IR-Banden kurz diskutiert. 
 
 
 
Cycloalkenecarbenes, X1). – Spiro[2.4]heptatrienes by Photolysis of Diazocyclopentadienes in Alkynes 
 
 
 
Photolysis of substituted diazocyclopentadienes 3 in alkynes 4 affords the spiro[2.4]heptatrienes 1 in moderate to good yields. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 3 to alkynes 4 competes with the (1 + 2)-cycloaddition of cyclopentadienylenes 3′ to 4. Electron rich alkynes 4 show a higher yield of 1 than electron poor ones; this demonstrates electrophilic character of 3′. With reactive dienophiles 1a and b undergo (π2 + π4)-cycloaddition to he Diels-Alder adducts 11a and b and 12a and b. The ring strain of spirenes 1 which is reflected in the 13CH-coupling as well as ir bands is discussed briefly.

Field of study: Chemistry
Enhancement of DNA-mediated gene transfer by high-Mr carrier DNA in synchronized CV-1 cells.

Synchronized CV-1 cells were transfected with SV40 (simian virus 40) DNA-calcium phosphate co-precipitates. In the presence of carrier DNA, the transfection efficiency of SV40 DNA was decreased 5-fold in S-phase cells and was increased 4-fold in preparations of mitotically enriched cells as compared with asynchronous controls. No difference was observed when carrier DNA was omitted, when cells had progressed through S-phase and into G2-phase, or when the infectivity of cells to intact SV40 virus was tested. These results highlight the importance of cell-cycle-dependent factors on DNA-mediated gene transfer.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Orbital Varieties and Unipotent Representations Attached to Spherical Orbits

We examine a construction of W. Graham and D. Vogan in the case of spherical nilpotent orbits.This paper consists of two parts. The first parameterizes orbital varieties contained in a given nilpotent orbit using N. Spaltenstein's work on the unipotent variety. The key to the proof is understanding certain closed cycles as defined by D. Garfinkle. The second part addresses the representations constructed by Graham and Vogan from orbital varieties of spherical nilpotent orbits. We show that when it is possible to carry out the Graham-Vogan construction for an orbital variety of an orbit $\mathcal{O}$, the corresponding infinitesimal character lies in the set of characters attached to $\mathcal{O}$ by W. M. McGovern. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to carry out the Graham-Vogan construction for a sufficient number of orbital varieties to account for all the infinitesimal characters attached to $\calO$ in this way.

Field of study: Mathematics
Prodynorphin gene expression relates to NF-κB factors

The prodynorphin gene contains several κB motifs, suggesting that κB-specific DNA-binding factors may regulate its expression. Prodynorphin is known to be expressed in human tumor cell lines [Geijer et al.,Regul. Peptides, 34 (1991) 181–188] and we report here that several DNA-binding factors of the NF-κB/c-Rel-family are present in the same cells. Three main κB-specific factors, presumably a p50 homodimer, NF-κB which is a p50/p65 heterodimer and a p65/c-Rel heterodimer were identified using an electromobility shift assay (EMSA), immunoabsorption and UV cross-linking experiments. Minor factors consisting of a novel κB-specific protein of about 125 kDa (p125) or being hetero-oligomeric, composed of p125 and either of three other subunits, namely p50, p65 and c-Rel, were also identified. The homo-oligomer of p125 may be identical to the κB-specific factor BETA, previously found only in brain [Korner et al.,Neuron, 3 (1989) 563–572]. Comparison of prodynorphin mRNA levels with levels of the κB-specific DNA-binding factors revealed a negative correlation with the level of p50 homodimer, and a positive correlation with the ratio of the levels of p65/c-Rel to NF-κB. No association was found with proenkephalin mRNA levels which were significant in only one cell line. The p50 homodimer, but not p65/c-Rel and NF-κB, bound specifically to a DNA-motif within the dynorphin A-encoding gene sequence. This sequence is located in exon 4 and similar to the consensus κB-sequence. The dynorphin A-encoding sequence may represent an intragenic target for the p50 homodimer, which when bound to the sequence suppresses transcription.

Field of study: Biology
Spatioangular-multiplexing scheme for dense holographic storage.

A novel multiplexing scheme for dense holographic storage in photorefractive crystals, spatioangular multiplexing, is described in detail. Compared with spatial multiplexing, spatioangular multiplexing increases the storage capacity by fully utilizing the volume of the storage medium. On the other hand, spatioangular multiplexing reduces the number of holograms overlapping any one hologram in a given volume and so increases the diffraction efficiency achievable as compared with angular multiplexing. Using this scheme, we succeeded in storing 756 high-resolution patterns in an Fe:LiNbO(3) crystal of volume 1 cm(3), with an average diffraction efficiency of 0.5%. This large database is designed for practical use in a novel associative-memory system, called a high-order feedback neural network.

Field of study: Physics
Use of geostatistics for remediation planning to transcend urban political boundaries.

Soil remediation plans are often dictated by areas of jurisdiction or property lines instead of scientific information. This study exemplifies how geostatistically interpolated surfaces can substantially improve remediation planning. Ordinary kriging, ordinary co-kriging, and inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation methods were compared for analyzing surface and sub-surface soil sample data originally collected by the US EPA and researchers at the University at Buffalo in Hickory Woods, an industrial-residential neighborhood in Buffalo, NY, where both lead and arsenic contamination is present. Past clean-up efforts estimated contamination levels from point samples, but parcel and agency jurisdiction boundaries were used to define remediation sites, rather than geostatistical models estimating the spatial behavior of the contaminants in the soil. Residents were understandably dissatisfied with the arbitrariness of the remediation plan. In this study we show how geostatistical mapping and participatory assessment can make soil remediation scientifically defensible, socially acceptable, and economically feasible.

Field of study: Environmental science
Malicious Nodes Detection in MANETs: Behavioral Analysis Approach

The increased popularity and usage of wireless technologies has opened the doors for new emerging applications in the domain of networking. One emerging and promising areas is the domain of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that form a dynamic network without the need for infrastructure or centralized points. The dynamic nature of ad hoc networks presents many security challenges. Secure routing is a promising area for achieving better security for the network by protecting the routing protocols against malicious attacks. Several secure routing protocols have been proposed in the literatures that were successful in avoiding and preventing some types of security attacks in MANETs.    However, MANETs are still vulnerable to other types of attacks. Hence, there is a need for introducing an efficient mechanism to detect malicious nodes. In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed that improves the performance of routing protocol against the malicious attacks. Since a malicious node behaves in abnormal ways, this mechanism proposes observing nodes behavior such as nodes’ mobility, and avoiding communication through these nodes which may lead to more secure routing.

Field of study: Computer science
All-optical switching in long-period fiber grating with highly nonlinear chalcogenide fibers.

All-optical switching in long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with Ge-As-Se chalcogenide fibers was proposed. The switching performances at different resonant wavelengths and cladding modes were systematically investigated using coupled-mode theory. By utilizing the ultra-high nonlinearity of chalcogenide glass, the switching power threshold of the proposed LPFG switching at 1.55 μm was 105  MW/cm2 with power coupling for the low-order LP09 cladding mode, which was approximately 200 times lower than that of silica LPFG. Furthermore, the temperature stability of the proposed LPFG switching was examined. The optical switching instability due to the laser thermal effect can be well suppressed by optimizing the cladding radius and grating period. Considering the balance between temperature sensitivity and switching power threshold, an all-optical switch with temperature sensitivity of 51 pm/°C was finally realized by selecting the LP051 mode with a cladding radius of 39 μm.

Field of study: Physics
Electron-hole scattering in highly doped p-GaAs after femtosecond optical excitation

The ultrafast relaxation of minority electrons in highly doped p-GaAs ( rho =1.0*1019cm-3) has been investigated through femtosecond lime-resolved luminescence. For low excitation densities the hole plasma temperature stays at 300 K and the transient luminescence spectra reveal the rapid cooling of the minority electrons within the first picoseconds. The electron-hole energy transfer is much larger (up to 10-7W) than the known electron-LO phonon scattering rate, which allows the quantitative determination of the electron-hole energy transfer.

Field of study: Materials science
Pétrologie des roches volcaniques du sillon de roches vertes archéennes de Matagami – Chibougamau à l'ouest de Chapais (Abitibi est, Québec).1. Le groupe basal de Roy

In the northeastern part of the Abitibi orogenic belt, the Archean Matagami–Chibougamou greenstone belt (2700 Ma) includes a basal volcanic sequence named the Roy Group, unconformably overlain by a...

Field of study: Environmental science