nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Basis Technique for Nonlinear Analysis of Structures

A reduced basis technique and a computational' algorithm are presented for predicting the nonlinear static response of structures. A total Lagrangian formulation is used and the structure is discretized by using displacement finite element models. The nodal displacement vector is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of basis vectors and a Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to approximate the finite element equations by a reduced system of nonlinear equations. The Rayleigh-Ritz approximation functions (basis vectors) are chosen to be those commonly used in the static perturbation technique namely, a nonlinear solution and a number of its path derivatives. A procedure is outlined for automatically selecting the load (or displacement) step size and monitoring the solution accuracy. The high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of numerical examples.

Field of study: Physics
Proteomic studies of potential cerebrospinal fluid protein markers for Alzheimer's disease.

By comparing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls, it may be possible to identify proteins that play a role in the disease process and thus to study the pathogenesis of AD. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), SYPRO Ruby staining and mass spectrometry were used for clinical screening of disease-influenced CSF proteins in AD patients compared to controls. In order to increase the detection of CSF proteins and to improve the separation of protein isoforms in a 2-D gel, micro-narrow range IPG strips were used. The levels of eight proteins and their isoforms, including apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein J, beta-trace, retinol-binding protein, kininogen, alpha-1 antitrypsin, cell cycle progression 8 protein, and alpha-1beta glycoprotein were significantly altered in CSF of AD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, we also used liquid-phase IEF, as a prefractionation step, prior to 2-DE for comparison of CSF proteins between individual AD patients and controls. The levels of 37 proteins spots were altered in AD patients. One of the identified proteins, alpha-2-HS glycoprotein, has not previously been linked to AD. Our study shows that several glycoproteins are altered in AD.

Field of study: Biology
Protective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on endotoxin shock in mice with retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome.

Mice with retrovirus-induced murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) were hypersensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethal shock accompanied by marked elevations of systematic interleukin 1beta (IL-beta) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) after LPS challenge. Pretreatment with 10 microg of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) protected MAIDS mice from hypersensitivity to LPS-induced lethal shock and this protection was concomitant with suppression of IFN-gamma production.

Field of study: Medicine
Growth Dynamics of Dendrobium catenatum Tissue Culture Seedlings During Post-transplantation Domestication Stage

The growth dynamics and influence factors of D. catenatum tissue culture seedlings during post-transplantation domestication stage were studied. The results showed that positive correlation was found between morphological characteristics change of tissue culture seedlings and time. The plant height, root diameter, root number, stem diameter and leaf thickness were extremely significantly different, root length and leaf length-width ratio were significantly different, leaf number and node number were not significantly different, and leaf color changed obviously. The biomass changed mainly in the accumulation of stem. In the beginning leaf accounted for the largest proportion, but later the stem increased the proportion. In addition, the accumulation ratio of root biomass was slower than the stem and leaf. Combined with principal component analysis, the main factors were stem diameter, root diameter, leaf number, node number and root length, the stem diameter and root diameter were priority in most among them. It showed that thickening growth was more important to complete the process than elongation growth.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Design of optimal and ideal 2-D concentrators with the collector immersed in a dielectric tube.

In this paper we present a method for designing ideal and optimal 2-D concentrators when the collector is placed inside a dielectric tube for the particular case of a bifacial collector. The method, based on the extreme ray principle of design, avoids the use of differential equations by means of a proper application of Fermat's principle. One advantage of these concentrators is that they allow the size to be small compared with classical CPCs.

Field of study: Physics
Bulimic Behaviors and Early Substance Use: Findings from a Cotwin-Control Study.

Bulimic behaviors (i.e., binge eating and compensatory behaviors) and substance use frequently co-occur. However, the etiology underlying this association is poorly understood. This study evaluated the association between bulimic behaviors and early substance use, controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors.



Participants were 3,540 young adult women from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study. A telephone adaptation of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview assessed DSM-IV bulimic behaviors, substance use, and other psychological characteristics. Lifetime bulimic behaviors were examined in twin pairs concordant and discordant for early substance use. Logistic regressions were adjusted for the nonindependence of twin data, zygosity, age, body mass index, early menarche (onset before age 12), and early sex (first consensual sexual intercourse before age 15).



In the entire study population, women who reported early use of alcohol or nicotine were more likely to engage in bulimic behaviors after adjusting for covariates. In 53 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for alcohol experimentation before age 15, the twin who reported early alcohol experimentation had 3.21 (95% confidence interval = 1.54 to 6.67) times higher odds of reporting bulimic behaviors than the cotwin who did not report early alcohol experimentation, even after adjustment for covariates.



Findings suggest that early alcohol experimentation may contribute to the development of bulimic behaviors via mechanisms extending beyond shared vulnerability, including individual-specific environmental experiences or causal pathways.

Field of study: Medicine
Competition and Information Deception in Online Social Networks

This study empirically examines the role of competition in determining intentions toward personal information deception (PID) among users of online social network (OSN) sites. PID refers to OSN users intentionally misrepresenting or refusing to disclose online personal information. The research proposes that consumers’ intentions toward PID depend on their desire for online competition with other OSN users, which in turn depends on user appraisals of available status and hedonic benefits, as well as established social norms around competition. An analysis of data gathered from 499 OSN participants (students enrolled at a state university in the southeastern United States) shows that competitive desires represent an important antecedent of PID behavior in OSN contexts. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are also discussed.

Field of study: Computer science
CLEAVAGE OF CARBON–HALOGEN BOND BY THE HYDROGEN TRANSFER FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CATALYZED BY NOBLE METAL SALTS

In the presence of noble metal salts, especially Pd(II) salts, the carbon–halogen bond of aryl halides underwent hydrogenolysis with organic hydrogen donors such as indoline and tetrahydroquinoline, and the corresponding aryl compounds and hydrogen halides were formed. The addition of bases promoted the hydrogenolysis.

Field of study: Chemistry
Magnetic resonance imaging evidence for perineural spread of endometriosis to the lumbosacral plexus: report of 2 cases.

Sciatic nerve endometriosis (EM) is a rare presentation of retroperitoneal EM. The authors present 2 cases of catamenial sciatica diagnosed as sciatic nerve EM. They propose that both cases can be explained by perineural spread of EM from the uterus to the sacral plexus along the pelvic autonomie nerves and then further distally to the sciatic nerve or proximally to the spinal nerves. This explanation is supported by MRI evidence in both cases. As a proof of concept, the authors retrieved and analyzed the original MRI studies of a case reported in the literature and found a similar pattern of spread. They believe that the imaging evidence of their institutional cases together with the outside case is a very compelling indication for perineural spread as a mechanism of EM of the nerve.

Field of study: Medicine
Criteria Air Pollutant and Greenhouse Gases Emissions from U.S. Refineries Allocated to Refinery Products.

Using Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program data (GHGRP) and National Emissions Inventory data from 2014, we investigate U.S. refinery greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (VOC, CO, NO x, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5). The study derives (1) combustion emission factors (EFs) of refinery fuels (e.g., refinery catalyst coke and refinery combined gas), (2) U.S. refinery GHG emissions and CAP emissions per crude throughput at the national and regional levels, and (3) GHG and CAP emissions attributable to U.S. refinery products. The latter two emissions were further itemized by source: combustion emission, process emission, and facility-wide emission. We estimated U.S. refinery product GHG and CAP emissions via energy allocation at the refinery process unit level. The unit energy demand and unit flow information were adopted from the Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM version 1.1) by fitting individual U.S. refineries. This study fills an important information gap because it (1) evaluates refinery CAP emissions along with GHG emissions and (2) provides CAP and GHG emissions not only for refinery main products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, etc.) but also for refinery secondary products (asphalt, lubricant, wax, light olefins, etc.).

Field of study: Environmental science
White Racial Identity Dyadic Interactions in Supervision: Implications for Supervisees' Multicultural Counseling Competence.

Examining supervisory dyads consisting of a White supervisor and a White supervisee, the authors sought to determine the effects of similarities and differences in levels of supervisor and supervisee racial identity schemas or attitudes on White supervisees' self-reported multicultural counseling competence and multicultural case conceptualization ability. White supervisees in supervision dyads characterized by more advanced White racial identity schemas reported higher self-perceived multicultural counseling competence and obtained higher multicultural case conceptualization ratings than did their counterparts in supervision dyads characterized by lower White racial identity schemas. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Comment on "No-core configuration-interaction model for the isospin- and angular-momentum-projected states" by Satu{\l}a, Baczyk, Dobaczewski, and Konieczka

The authors state that results recently published by Carlsson and Toivanen "seem to contradict" the conclusions of some of our work. We show that this statement is based on a misinterpretation of the results of Carlsson and Toivanen.

Field of study: Physics
Method to attenuate U(VI) mobility in acidic waste plumes using humic acids.

Acidic uranium (U) groundwater plumes have resulted from acid-extraction of plutonium during the Cold War and from U mining and milling operations. A sustainable method for in situ immobilization of U under acidic conditions is not yet available. Here, we propose to use humic acids (HAs) for in situ U immobilization in acidic waste plumes. Our laboratory batch experiments show that HA can adsorb onto aquifer sediments rapidly, strongly and practically irreversibly. Adding HA greatly enhanced U adsorption capacity to sediments at pH below 5.0. Our column experiments using historically contaminated sediments from the Savannah River Site under slow flow rates (120 and 12 m/year) show that desorption of U and HA were nondetectable over 100 pore-volumes of leaching with simulated acidic groundwaters. Upon HA-treatment, 99% of the contaminant [U] was immobilized at pH ≤ 4.5, compared to 5% and 58% immobilized in the control columns at pH 3.5 and 4.5, respectively. These results indicate that HA-treatment is a promising in situ remediation method for acidic U waste plumes. As a remediation reagent, HAs are resistant to biodegradation, cost-effective, nontoxic, and easily introducible to the subsurface.

Field of study: Environmental science
Modified phased translation functions and their application to molecular-fragment location.

Direct methods at high resolution have depended on the resolution of atomic like features in the map. At data resolutions more typical for protein structures (2-3 A) individual atoms may not be resolved, so larger features must be identified. At one extreme the whole molecule may be located using the diffraction magnitudes alone by the molecular-replacement method. At the other extreme it is possible to locate individual residues in a well phased map. In this paper an intermediate problem is addressed: the location of multi-residue fragments on the basis of weak phase information. An agreement function based on the mean-squared difference between model and map over a masked region is shown to be more effective than a simple overlap integral, and may be efficiently calculated by Fourier methods. The techniques are compared using poorly phased electron-density maps at approximately 3 A for the proteins RNAse and O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase.

Field of study: Chemistry
Graph Embedding Deep Learning Guides Microbial Biomarkers' Identification

The microbiome-wide association studies are to figure out the relationship between microorganisms and humans, with the goal of discovering relevant biomarkers to guide disease diagnosis. However, the microbiome data is complex, with high noise and dimensions. Traditional machine learning methods are limited by the models' representation ability and cannot learn complex patterns from the data. Recently, deep learning has been widely applied to fields ranging from text processing to image recognition due to its efficient flexibility and high capacity. But the deep learning models must be trained with enough data in order to achieve good performance, which is impractical in reality. In addition, deep learning is considered as black box and hard to interpret. These factors make deep learning not widely used in microbiome-wide association studies. In this work, we construct a sparse microbial interaction network and embed this graph into deep model to alleviate the risk of overfitting and improve the performance. Further, we explore a Graph Embedding Deep Feedforward Network (GEDFN) to conduct feature selection and guide meaningful microbial markers' identification. Based on the experimental results, we verify the feasibility of combining the microbial graph model with the deep learning model, and demonstrate the feasibility of applying deep learning and feature selection on microbial data. Our main contributions are: firstly, we utilize different methods to construct a variety of microbial interaction networks and combine the network via graph embedding deep learning. Secondly, we introduce a feature selection method based on graph embedding and validate the biological meaning of microbial markers. The code is available at https://github.com/MicroAVA/GEDFN.git.

Field of study: Biology
Analysis of reliability bounds for series, parallel and k-out-of-n system configuration

This paper deals with the least upper bounds (LUB) and greatest lower bounds (GLB) for the reliability of the series, parallel and k -out-of- n system configurations. It is assumed that the life-time distribution of each component is negative exponential. In each case the behaviour of LUB and GLB is studied as the number of components in the system varies.

Field of study: Engineering
Ergodic averages with generalized weights

Two types of weighted ergodic averages are studied. It is shown that if F = {Fn} is an admissible superadditive process relative to a measure preserving transformation, then a Wiener-Wintner type result holds forF. Using this result new good classes of weights generated by such processes are obtained. We also introduce another class of weights via the group of unitary functions, and study the convergence of the corresponding weighted averages. The limits of such weighted averages are also identified. 1.  This article is inspired by the celebrated Wiener- Wintner theorem which has been instrumental in studying various proper- ties of weighted and subsequential averages as well as constructing some nontrivial classes of good sequences. It turns out that, utilizing the tools developed in (C¸, CF), one can obtain a version of this theorem in the setting of a class of superadditive processes. In turn, this superadditive version of Wiener-Wintner theorem leads to new classes of weights. In Sections 2-4 of this article, besides proving these results, we will also study convergence of sequences of weights defined by such superadditive processes. The study of the behavior of the ergodic averages modulated by means of Besicovitch's sequences was initiated by C. Ryll-Nardzewski (Ry) (for p = 1), and A. Tempelman (T) (for p > 1 and in the context of Besicovitch functions on LCA groups). Later, various generalizations of this result were obtained (BeL, JO, LO, LOT). Recently, another such attempt was made in (Li) in the non-commutative setting. The tools utilized in (Li) have some interest- ing ramifications in the commutative case as well. In Sections 5 and 6 of this article, following an observation made on the Wiener-Wintner theorem and adapting some of the techniques of (Li), we arrive at two rather distinct weighted ergodic theorems in the spirit of (Ry). First we define a generalized Besicovitch sequence associated with a subset of the group of unimodular

Field of study: Mathematics
4: Characterization of a novel interferon stimulated gene with antiviral activity

Interferon inducible genes are critical for the initiation of an effective antiviral response and for the clearance of virus from infected cells. These proteins exert their influence on viral replication via a myriad of different mechanisms, potentially influencing every step in the pathogens replicative cycle. Interferon stimulated genes have also been shown to mediate a wide array of cellular processes, including modulation of the immune response, cellular death and proliferation. Several hundred genes have been shown to be upregulated in response to interferon stimulation, however, only a fraction of these genes have been characterized to date. FLJ11286 (FLJ) is 291 aa in length, contains conserved cysteine residues and has homologues across the vertebrate taxon. We show that FLJ is upregulated in response to stimulation with type-I, II and III interferons in both a time and dose-dependent manner, and that disruption of interferon signaling through siRNA mediated knockdown of Interferon regulatory factor 9 results in decreased induction of FLJ after interferon treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that siRNA mediated knockdown of FLJ results in increased sensitivity of A549 cells to infection with Encephalomyocarditis virus. Overexpression of FLJ results in a corresponding decrease in viral titers. Here we demonstrate for the first time that FLJ is an interferon-stimulated gene with antiviral activity.

Field of study: Medicine
No. 48832. Pays-Bas (à l'égard de la partie caribéenne des Pays-Bas, Curaçao et Saint-Martin) et Suède

Accord entre le Royaume des Pays-Bas, a l'egard des Antilles neerlandaises, et le Royaume de Suede relatif a l'echange de renseignements en matiere fiscale. Paris, 10 septembre 2009

Field of study: Political science
ROBL – a CRG beamline for radiochemistry and materials research at the ESRF

The paper describes the Rossendorf beamline (ROBL) built by the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf at the ESRF. ROBL comprises two different and independently operating experimental stations: a radiochemistry laboratory for X-ray absorption spectroscopy of non-sealed radioactive samples and a general purpose materials research station for X-ray diffraction and reflectometry mainly of thin films and interfaces modified by ion beam techniques.

Field of study: Physics
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in 2D Fuzzy Entropy Image Segmentation

A image segmentation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and 2D fuzzy entropy is presented.In this method,2D histogram is built in terms of the message of the gray values of every pixel and its neighboring region,and 2D fuzzy entropy is regarded fitness function of particle swarm optimization algorithm,and the optimal combination of the fuzzy parameters is searched by particle swarm optimization algorithm,and the optimal threshold is determined.Experiments are conducted on real object pictures,and the results show that the approach presented herein performs better than some classical threshold selection methods do,and is a efficient image segmentation method.

Field of study: Computer science