nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Expression of microRNA-155 and mRNA Hypoxia Inducible Factor Alpha (HIF1A) in the early and advanced stages of ovarian cancer patients blood plasma

Ovarian cancer has the problem turned out to be the greatest and almost half the death rate of mortality throughout gynecological malignancy. Ovarian cancer is found in the female reproductive organs and the second most common cancer after cervical cancer. The process of carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer occurs at the molecular level, regulated by microRNA. At in silico research that has been done, it is known that microRNA-155 (miR-155) targeted mRNA HIF1A which is the regulator genes in hypoxia conditions. HIF1A involved in various cancer hallmarks, where some of them have roles in Warburg effect and also as genetical transcription factors in angiogenesis. Regulation of miR-155 and mRNA HIF1A believed to be involved in the process of ovarian cancer progression and thus potentially as minimally invasive biomarker for prognosis.  The aim of this study is to determine whether there are differences in the expression of miR-155 and mRNA HIF1A in plasma ovarian cancer patients at the early stage compared with the advanced stage. The samples using blood plasma from ovarian cancer patients RSUP Dr. Sardjito with 32 ovarian cancer patients early stages and 20 ovarian cancer patients advanced stages. Total RNA was isolated from blood plasma samples of ovarian cancer patients.  cDNA synthesis from total RNA was performed to obtain cDNA. The expression of miR-155 and HIF1A were calculated using qPCR. qPCR results were analyzed using Biorad CFX Manager Software.  The analysis showed that the expression of miR-155 were 2,18 times lower (p-value = 0,018*) in the plasma of advanced stage ovarian cancer compared with early stage, the differences were statistically significant (p value≤ 0,05). Whereas the mRNA expression HIF1A were 2,46 times higher (p-value = 0,039*) in the plasma of advanced stage ovarian cancer compared with early stage, the differences were statistically significant (p value≤ 0,05).  This study has proved that miR-155 expression is downregulated and followed by upregulation of mRNA expression HIF1A at an advanced stage ovarian cancer compared with early stage.   Plasma, stage ovarian cancer, microRNA-155, mRNA HIF1A

Field of study: Medicine
Study and Optimize of Casting Process for Thruster Housing

Thruster housing is an important component used for marine ship. According to its complex structure shape, large wall thickness difference, the casting process is difficult. Casting technology of thruster housing was designed and optimized using solidification simulation software-InteCAST and joining practical experience. Reasonable casting technology method was determined on the basis of accordance the result of solidification simulation with practice. The optimized casting technology method was verified by practice.

Field of study: Materials science
Graptolites from the Lower–Middle Ordovician St. George and Table Head groups, western Newfoundland, and their correlation with trilobite, brachiopod, and conodont zones

Faunal assemblages of the autochthonous, shelf carbonate sequences belonging to the St. George and Table Head groups are dominated by shelly macrofossils and conodonts. Rare, usually monotypic graptolitic horizons enable correlation with the allochthonous Cow Head Group, which was deposited on the middle to lower slope, and the shelly, conodont, and graptolitic zonal schemes elsewhere in North America.The Catoche Formation of the St. George Group is of Ibexian (Canadian) age and yields graptolites indicative of the Tetragraptus approximatus and Tetragraptus akzharensis zones (early Arenig). The basal Aguathuna Formation belongs to the Pendeograptus fruticosus Zone, whereas higher parts span the Ibexian–Whiterock boundary. Graptolites suggest that the Table Head Group entirely postdates the Cow Head Group. This is supported by a Whiterock (early Llanvirn) trilobite, conodont, and brachiopod fauna.

Field of study: Environmental science
Experimental study of electroluminescence and temperature distribution in high-power AlGaInN LEDs & LED matrixes

Comprehensive analysis of current spreading, temperature distribution, and near-field electroluminescence of high-power “face-up” AlInGaN LEDs and LED matrixes been performed by combination of different experimental and methods. A thermal resistance characterization consists in investigations of transient electrical processes in the diode sources under heating by direct current and analysis using a thermal equivalent circuit (the Cauer model). By the involved method, thermal resistances of internal elements of the LEDs are determined. At the same time high resolution mapping of EL and thermal radiation was obtained by optical microscope and infra-red images technique. It has been established correlation of the thermal resistance with a change in the current distribution at high excitation levels (current crowding).

Field of study: Engineering
FINDMOL: automated identification of macromolecules in electron-density maps.

Automating the determination of novel macromolecular structures via X-ray crystallographic methods involves building a model into an electron-density map. Unfortunately, the conventional crystallographic asymmetric unit volumes are usually not well matched to the biological molecular units. In most cases, the facets of the asymmetric unit cut the molecules into a number of disconnected fragments, rendering interpretation by the crystallographer significantly more difficult. The FINDMOL algorithm is designed to quickly parse the arrangement of trace points (pseudo-atoms) derived from a skeletonized electron-density map without requiring higher level prior information such as sequence information or number of molecules in the asymmetric unit. The algorithm was tested with a variety of density-modified maps computed with medium- to low-resolution data. Typically, the resulting volume resembles the biological unit. In the remaining cases the number of disconnected fragments is very small. In all examples, secondary-structural elements such as alpha-helices or beta-sheets are easily identifiable in the defragmented arrangement. FINDMOL can greatly assist a crystallographer during manual model building or in cases where automatic model building can only build partial models owing to limitations of the data such as low resolution and/or poor phases.

Field of study: Chemistry
Vortex lattice symmetry break in nanostructured Nb thin films

An advanced mask-less nanofabrication technique, focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), has been employed on epitaxial Nb thin films for their ferromagnetic decoration by an array of Co stripes. These substantially modify the non-patterned films' superconducting properties, providing a washboard-like pinning potential landscape for the vortex motion. At small magnetic fields B<0.1T, vortex lattice matching effects have been investigated by magneto-transport measurements. Peculiarities in the field dependencies of the films resistivity R(B) have been observed in particular for the vortex motion perpendicular to the Co stripes. The deduced field values correspond to the vortex lattice parameter matching the pinning structure's period, whereas no fields matching the stripe width have been observed, as it was reported previously [D. Jaque et al.,  2851 (2002)] for Nb films grown on periodically distributed submicrometric lines of Ni.

Field of study: Physics
Bayesian Anomaly Detection and Classification

Statistical uncertainties are rarely incorporated in machine learning algorithms, especially for anomaly detection. Here we present the Bayesian Anomaly Detection And Classification (BADAC) formalism, which provides a unified statistical approach to classification and anomaly detection within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. BADAC deals with uncertainties by marginalising over the unknown, true, value of the data. Using simulated data with Gaussian noise, BADAC is shown to be superior to standard algorithms in both classification and anomaly detection performance in the presence of uncertainties, though with significantly increased computational cost. Additionally, BADAC provides well-calibrated classification probabilities, valuable for use in scientific pipelines. We show that BADAC can work in online mode and is fairly robust to model errors, which can be diagnosed through model-selection methods. In addition it can perform unsupervised new class detection and can naturally be extended to search for anomalous subsets of data. BADAC is therefore ideal where computational cost is not a limiting factor and statistical rigour is important. We discuss approximations to speed up BADAC, such as the use of Gaussian processes, and finally introduce a new metric, the Rank-Weighted Score (RWS), that is particularly suited to evaluating the ability of algorithms to detect anomalies.

Field of study: Computer science
Suicidality in schizophrenia: A review of the evidence for risk factors and treatment options

Suicide is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of schizophrenia, accounting for approximately 10% of deaths in these patients. The known risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia include prior suicide attempts, substance abuse, male sex, onset during first decade of illness, social isolation, depression, and feelings of hopelessness. There is significant evidence suggesting that clozapine reduces the suicide rate in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Possible factors that lead to a decrease in suicidality with clozapine include the following: a direct antidepressant action, improved cognitive function and insight, diminished negative symptoms, reduced substance abuse, and improved compliance. These effects may converge or lessen feelings of hopelessness and more of its converse optimism. The International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT) is a large prospective, 2-year randomized trial of the comparative effects of clozapine and olanzapine involving 980 patients at high risk for suicide in 11 countries in 56 sites. The study included complete freedom to augment these treatments if needed, blinded ratings, a blinded Suicide Monitoring Board, and equivalent clinical contact. The results support the superiority of clozapine over olanzapine to reduce the risk of suicidality and suggest its use should be considered for all patients with schizophrenia with high risk for suicide.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Biases distorting priority setting.

Modern health care faces an ever widening gap between technological possibilities and available resources. To handle this challenge we have constructed elaborate systems for health policy making and priority setting. Despite such systems many health care systems provide a wide range of documented low-value care while being unable to afford emerging high-value care. Accordingly, this article sets out asking why priority setting in health care has so poor outcomes while relevant systems are well developed and readily available. It starts to identify some rational and structural explanations for the discrepancy between theoretical efforts and practical outcomes in priority setting. However, even if these issues are addressed, practical priority setting may still not obtain its goals. This is because a wide range of irrational effects is hampering priority setting: biases. By using examples from the literature the article identifies and analyses a wide range of biases indicating how they can distort priority setting processes. Overuse, underuse, and overinvestment, as well as hampered disinvestment and undermined priority setting principles are but some of the identified implications. Moreover, while some biases are operating mainly on one level, many are active on the micro, meso and on the macro level. Identifying and analyzing biases affecting priority setting is the first, but crucial, step towards improving health policy making and priority setting in health care.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
"Athleticated" Versus Educated: A Qualitative Investigation of Campus Perceptions, Recruiting and African American Male Student-Athletes

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of student narratives (N= 167) about the contemporary issue of recruiting high-profile African American male student-athletes. Participants were asked to view a scene on recruiting from the film, The Program (1994). Participants were then presented with questions regarding a recruiting trip by an African American football player to a traditionally white campus. Findings indicate that both Black and White students perceived the African American male student-athletes in the film scene to be more "athleticated" than educated. They were also perceived as stereotypical sex-objects. When athletes (especially male) show up at the school, the program does everything it can to show the athlete how fun it would be to go to school there, i.e., greeted by beautiful women, surrounded by beautiful women and taken to parties with beautiful women. Nothing academic is shown to them

Field of study: Economics
Classical Conditioning With Electrical Stimulation of Cerebellum as Both Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimulus

Stimulating electrodes were implanted in rabbit cerebellum, providing an electrical conditioned stimulus (CS) activating cortical parallel fibers and thence Purkinje and other cells, and an electrical unconditioned stimulus (US) activating underlying white matter and eliciting unconditioned responses. Paired CS-US presentations led to the development of conditioned responses, which showed extinction following CS-alone trials and reacquisition with significant savings on reinstatement of paired trials. Increased local excitability as a result of paired training (but not following unpaired stimulus presentations) was observed in cerebellar cortex, as manifested in substantial decreases in CS threshold for response elicitation in all subjects. This preparation offers a model for the study of plastic neuronal interactions within cerebellar networks critically involved in associative learning.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
HBV抗原基因修饰树突状细胞疫苗体外抗HBV的研究

慢性乙型肝炎产生免疫耐受的原因之一是患者体内抗原提呈细胞不正常,尤其是树突状细胞(DCs)数量减少和功能存在缺陷,不能将抗原信号有效提呈给机体的免疫系统而发挥免疫清除效应.本研究利用整合HBV基因组的HepG2 22.1.5为细胞模型,通过携带编码HBV抗原基因的重组腺病毒载体的介导,探讨腺病毒介导的HBV抗原基因修饰的DCs能否诱导产生特异性抗感染免疫反应,为慢性乙型肝炎的治疗探索一种新的免疫治疗措施。

Field of study: Biology
Evidence of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the magnetic properties of Alpine lakes during the last 2500 years

We re-analyzed rock-magnetic data of lake sediments from the Alpine region, which were previously recognized as sensitive climate proxy records, in search of decadal climate variability. Different methods of spectral analysis applied to the rock-magnetic data from two independent lake records show the presence of a coherent and statistically significant periodicity with a period of about 50–60 years. The frequency-filtered signal of this component co-varies with the instrumental record of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) over the last 110 years with a negligible phase shift. After having tested and ruled out the possible influence of solar irradiance in the putative AMO frequency band, based on spectral properties, we suggest that a significant influence of AMO in the Alpine region extends back in time for at least two millennia. Comparison of the amplitude of the AMO record with that of the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition suggests that AMO fluctuations played a significant role in pacing the past variability of the Alpine climate.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Practical Team-Based Learning from Planning to Implementation

Team-based learning (TBL) helps instructors develop an active teaching approach for the classroom through group work. The TBL infrastructure engages students in the learning process through the Readiness Assessment Process, problem-solving through team discussions, and peer feedback to ensure accountability. This manuscript describes the benefits and barriers of TBL, and the tools necessary for developing, implementing, and critically evaluating the technique within coursework in a user-friendly method. Specifically, the manuscript describes the processes underpinning effective TBL development, preparation, implementation, assessment, and evaluation, as well as practical techniques and advice from authors’ classroom experiences. The paper also highlights published articles in the area of TBL in education, with a focus on pharmacy education.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
A Dynamic Choosing Strategy of Coefficients for DCT Image Information Hiding

Proposes a new strategy for choosing the positions of the middle frequency coefficients of DCT transformed field dynamically, this strategy analyses every cover image separately to find the best position of the middle frequency coefficients for hiding. Further, experimental results show that the strategy can improve the visual quality of the stego cover image, i.e. transparency of the hiding data, and the strategy can also decrease the bit error rate.

Field of study: Computer science
Epitaxial Co-Au superlattices.

We demonstrate the growth of epitaxially ordered Co-Au superlattices by ultrahigh-vacuum deposition techniques. The superlattice structure consists of hcp Co(0001) and fcc Au(111) layers with the in-plane Co [$11\overline{2}0$] crystallographic axis parallel to GaAs [001]. X-ray scattering, high-resolution transmission-electron microscopy, and measurements of the magnetic anisotropy show that the Co-Au interfaces are abrupt even in the presence of a large lattice mismatch.

Field of study: Physics
Orthogonal jointing during coeval igneous degassing and normal faulting, Yucca Mountain, Nevada

An orthogonal system of tube-bearing joints constitutes the oldest fractures in the Tiva Canyon Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The joints formed within a month of ignimbrite deposition, prior to major degassing. The system consists of (1) narrow, persistent, northeast-striking joint swarms with trace lengths typically greater than 5 m and between-joint spacings of less than 20 cm and (2) northwest-striking swarms that have a more en echelon geometry and greater between-joint spacings compared to the northeast-striking swarms. Between-swarm spacing for both trends is ∼50 m. Questions concerning the joints include the following: (1) What was the origin of driving stress(es) for formation of the joints, particularly as their orientations were not consistent with the regional stress geometry at the time of their formation? (2) What mechanism caused the horizontal principal stresses to be reoriented so as to yield an orthogonal geometry? (3) What insights can be developed for predicting joint geometry in unexposed rock volumes by understanding joint origin? These questions are important because the joints and other fractures may affect the performance of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository within Yucca Mountain. To address these questions, we use new and existing field data about joint geometry and the relationships of joints to degassing structures, numerical modeling of fault behavior, and work by previous authors. Our interpretation begins with the initial ignimbrite eruption and deposition during caldera collapse. The ignimbrites were deposited over a preexisting topography that possibly included a shallow northwest-trending basin in the Yucca Mountain area. During initial ignimbrite cooling, joint swarms formed as elements of orthogonal fumarolic ridge systems where degassing was associated with vertical dilation. Both joint sets have unusual tubes that are interpreted to have formed during dilation and segmentation of joint faces resulting from lithophysae inflation in the cooling ignimbrite deposit. Modeling supports the interpretation that a combination of regional stresses and stress related to slip on local normal faults controlled the orientation of the joint swarms and favored the formation of the northeast-striking joints first. The faults might have moved in a stress field already perturbed by caldera collapse. Formation of the northwest-striking joints occurred after a local 90° switch of horizontal principal stress directions due to the presence of the northeast-striking swarms, possibly aided by differential compaction across the northwest-trending basin. Tube- bearing joints occur in all lithophysae-bearing lithostratigraphic units of the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the stratigraphic interval for the proposed nuclear waste repository within Yucca Mountain. We conclude that the tube-bearing joints formed in the same manner and share similar geometric characteristics, adding a persistent joint population to the overall fracture system that influences hydrological and mechanical properties.

Field of study: Geology
Dictating Democracy: Guatemala and the End of Violent Revolution (review)

as their pensions and other benefits granted by the previous administration were stopped. Early members had come to resent their role as Sandinista tokens, deployed as they saw it, in a “decorative” capacity. Their efforts turned to developing projects that assisted low-income women, opposing some of the post-Sandinista policies, and to demanding the reinstatement of their pensions and other lost benefits. While a more comparative perspective on the Sandinistas’ political instrumentalization of motherhood might have strengthened this book, in filling a gap in the literature on women and revolution it will add to the ongoing debates over motherist movements and female collective action. As Bayard de Volo notes, the Mothers of Heroes and Martrys may not have achieved much in terms of broader social and gender transformation, and indeed affirmed and dignified conventional gender roles. But as with motherist movements elsewhere, the achievements were in the realm of micropolitics. In helping each other bear the loss of their children, members developed self-confidence and solidarity and acquired experience of management and of leadership, while their activism challenged at least some prevailing views of motherhood. Such achievements, aptly summed up by Bayard de Volo in terms of “voice, agency, and identity,” are far from negligible.

Field of study: History
Microstructure and fabrication of NaF film by pulsed laser deposition

NaF films with preferred orientation have been successfully deposited on Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition.The testing of surface profiler indicates that the deposition rate of the film increases exponentially with the increase of the substrate temperature.At the same time,the activation energy of atom is caculated which is 48.67 kJ/mol.Atom force microscope photographes of these films show the mean square root of the film is only 0.553 nm.Scaning electron microscopy cross-section morphology analysis shows a columnar microstructure characterization of the films.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the face centered constructure of films.The largest average crystallite size of 129.6 nm and the smallest lattice strain of 0.225% appear at 400 ℃.

Field of study: Physics