nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Frozen Storage Conditions Impacting on Salivary Peptidomic by High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The salivary peptidomics provides a new method for study of disease biomarkers, but the effect of frozen storage conditions on the analysis results is not very clear. In this study, peptides in human saliva were separated and enriched by using graphene-lanthanide composite nanomaterial (LaGM), then identified by nano liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (Nano LC-HR-MS/MS). The salivary peptidomics were analyzed after the saliva samples were stored at −20 °C and −80 °C for six months respectively. A total of 429 peptides which belong to 33 proteins stored at −80 °C and 595 peptides corresponding to 31 proteins stored at −20 °C, were identified. Compared with −80 °C, the “new” saliva peptides were mainly from degradation of existed peptides. In addition, some salivary proteins were also degraded in some degree at −20 °C. This study illustrated that frozen storage conditions had effect on salivary peptidome, suggesting saliva sample should not be stored at −20 °C for long time when used for peptidomics analysis.

Field of study: Chemistry
Missa Arirang: A fusion of Korean and Western Music

This article examines Korean nationalism in Cool-Jae Huh’s Missa Arirang; this sense of nationalism is an extension of a movement that began in the late 19th century. Missa Arirang utilizes elements from Arirang, a popular Korean folk song, in the context of a Missa, or Mass; the work consequently follows the typical structure of a Mass Ordinary. Th e fi rst movement, Kyrie, morphs from Western to contemporary Korean style using predominantly Western techniques. Th e Gloria, which follows, symbolically brings peace between two feuding provinces by blending together their respective Arirang traditions, and the Credo continues to allude to provinces by using the Jeongsun-arirang variation, meant to symbolize the mountainous region of Korea. Th e Sanctus movement uses a fast tempo and uses the Shingosan-taryung variation. Perhaps the most interesting movement, the Agnus Dei, incorporates both the traditional Korean operatic tradition and funeral service. Th e style of the Arirang varies between provinces and provides a glimpse into the lifestyle of each. Huh’s style in Missa Arirang points back to the nationalist reunifi cation movement that has dwelled in Korea for many years; the composer appears to be advocating peace in his work. Th is shows that Missa Arirang is a valuable addition to the ethnic Christian choral repertoire because it contains rhythmic challenges with diff erent types of rhythm, uses multicultural folk song modes and scales, and is a sacred major work using secular music and transforming it into

Field of study: Education
Cryopreservation Induces Alterations of miRNA and mRNA Fragment Profiles of Bull Sperm

Although cryopreservation of bull semen is widely used commercially in the livestock breeding industry, cryopreservation results in low fertility of bull sperm. As an important regulatory factor, the alteration of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) profile during cryopreservation of bull sperm is not yet completely known. In the present study, we sequenced sncRNAs of frozen and fresh sperm to study the link of alteration of the sncRNA profiles (particularly in miRNAs and mRNA fragments) with low sperm fertility caused by cryopreservation. We identified 55 miRNAs and 526 mRNA fragments differentially expressed (DE) between frozen and fresh sperm. Subsequently, the functional analysis revealed that targeted genes of DE miRNAs in sperm had roles in the fertilization, ATP, and apoptosis. Instead, targeted genes of DE miRNAs in cow metaphase II oocyte were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, autophagy-animal pathway, and mitophagy-animal pathway. Additionally, biological processes of DNA repair, spermatid development, response to temperature stimulus, and cellular response to DNA damage stimulus were enriched by mRNA fragments. In conclusion, we found that DE miRNAs or DE mRNA fragments in cryopreservation may influence the fertility of sperm, these findings will provide the reference to improve the cryopreservation technology of bull semen.

Field of study: Biology
Seismic Slip Distribution along the San Jacinto Fault Zone, Southern California, and Its Implications

The amount and distribution of seismic slip along 240 km of the San Jacinto fault zone between Cajon Pass and Superstition Mountain has been obtained from determinations of seismic moment and estimates of source dimension for each of the nine moderate earthquakes (6 < M < 7) which have occurred there since 1890.

There are two significant gaps in seismic slip, one between Cajon Pass and Riverside, the other from Anza to Coyote Mountain. Each is about 40 km long and both are characterized by complex fault zones and a currently high level of minor seismicity (M < 5). No aseismic fault creep has been identified on either segment. These gaps may mark the sites of the next moderate earthquakes (M = 6 → 7) to occur along the San Jacinto fault zone. The two remaining sections of the fault, Riverside and Anza, and Coyote Mountain to Superstition Mountain, may have been ruptured along their entire lengths, in 1890–1923 and 1942–1968, respectively.

Field of study: Geology
Kinetic studies on the reaction at the La0.6Ca0.4MnO3/YSZ interface, as an SOFC air electrode

To determine the rate equation for the reaction at the SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) air electrode of the type O2(g)/porous La0.6Ca0.4MnO3/YSZ, measurements were made on the impedance due to the electrode reaction and the steady-state polarization in the oxygen partial pressures, PO2, between 1 and 10−4 atm at temperatures, T, between 700 and 1000°C. At T > 900°C and in PO2<10−3 atm, the electrode conductivity (reciprocal of the electrode impedance) was proportional to PO2. The rate of reaction for this condition was found to be controlled by the oxygen gas diffusion in the electrode pores. At higher PO2 or at the lower temperatures, the steady-state current, i, was found to obey the rate equation, i=k[aO−PO2a−1O], where k is the rate constant and aO is the oxygen activity in YSZ at the La0.6Ca0.4MnO/YSZ interface. Here, aO is related to the electrode potential, E , by 2FE = RT 1n aO. The electrode conductivity for this condition was proportional to P12O2.

Field of study: Materials science
An investigation of water drum dance performed by people of the Miao nationality at Jianhe in southeast Guizhou

National dances are closely related to traditional sports.Water drum dance is a cultural legacy inherited from re-ligious sacrificial and farming civilization of people of the Miao nationality,provided with distinct educational value,cul-tural value,communicative value and symbolic value.The development of social civilization has resulted in the corre-sponding changing of the valuable functions,cultural qualities and participating groups of water drum dance.As a village sport,water drum dance has important inspirations to the development of minority national village sports: for the devel-opment of minority national village sports,the primitive conditions and diversity of national cultures should be maintained on the basis of trying not to change activity times,costumes and props,ritual processes and participant localization,while brand building,feature formation,the exertion of the influence of administrative functional departments and important in-heritors,and the appropriate development of tourism and intangible assets on the basis of maintaining the primitive condi-tions of national cultures,should be carried out,so as to boost the development of productivity.

Field of study: Education
Strain-induced nuclear quadrupole splittings in silicon devices

In spin-based quantum information processing devices, the presence of control and detection circuitry can change the local environment of a spin by introducing strain and electric fields, altering its resonant frequencies. These resonance shifts can be large compared to intrinsic spin line-widths and it is therefore important to study, understand and model such effects in order to better predict device performance. Here we investigate a sample of bismuth donor spins implanted in a silicon chip, on top of which a superconducting aluminium micro-resonator has been fabricated. The on-chip resonator provides two functions: first, it produces local strain in the silicon due to the thermal contraction of the aluminium, and second, it enables sensitive electron spin resonance spectroscopy of donors close to the surface that experience this strain. Through finite-element strain simulations and effective mass theory calculations of the donor electron wavefunction, we are able to reconstruct key features of our experiments, including the electron spin resonance spectra. Our results reveal a large strain-induced quadrupole interaction in the bismuth donors, of order 100 MHz.

Field of study: Physics
Uncertainties of ground-based microwave radiometer retrievals in zenith and off-zenith observations under snow conditions

This paper is to investigate the uncertainties of microwave radiometer (MWR) retrievals in snow conditions and also explore the discrepancies of MWR retrievals in zenith and off-zenith observations. The MWR retrievals were averaged in a ±15 min period centered at sounding times of 00:00 and 12:00 UTC and compared with radiosonde observations (RAOBs). In general, the MWR retrievals have a better correlation with RAOB profiles in off-zenith observations than in zenith observations, and the biases (MWR observations minus RAOBs) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) between MWR and RAOB are also clearly reduced in off-zenith observations. The biases of temperature, relative humidity, and vapor density decrease from 4.6 K, 9 %, and 1.43 g m−3 in zenith observations to −0.6 K, −2 %, and 0.10 g m−3 in off-zenith observations, respectively. The discrepancies between MWR retrievals and RAOB profiles by altitude present the same situation. Cases studies show that the impact of snow on accuracies of MWR retrievals is more serious in heavy snowfall than in light snowfall, but off-zenith observation can mitigate the impact of snowfall. The MWR measurements become less accurate in snowfall mainly due to the retrieval algorithm, which does not consider the effect of snow, and the accumulated snow on the top of the radome increases the signal noise of MWR measurements. As the snowfall drops away by gravity on the sides of the radome, the off-zenith observations are more representative of the atmospheric conditions for RAOBs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Public Lives, Private Secrets: Gender, Honor, Sexuality, and Illegitimacy in Colonial Spanish America (review)

This excellent, complex book weaves dramatic narratives from the private lives of elite, eighteenth-century men and women from throughout the Spanish Empire. The details were presented in petitions to the crown for legitimation—the process of gracias al sacar. Puzzled by accounts of extraordinary efforts of upper-class colonials to have their birth status termed "legitimate" (contrary to fact),  Twinam embarked on an exhaustive quest to understand why being seen as "legitimate" was so important. This investigation took her to archives in Spain and throughout what had been the Spanish Empire, as she painstakingly pieced together impressive banks of individual data. This data includes 244 petitions of legitimation from 1700-1820, which also described the lives of 187 mothers and 187 fathers of petitioners (some had more than one child). This book is remarkable in presenting an empire-wide analysis of highly individual documents relating to private matters of sexuality and marriage. In the process of amassing data from throughout the Spanish Empire, Ann Twinam considered these petitions and cedulas from the perspective of a Bourbon social policy.

Field of study: History
A psychophysiological study of breathing behaviour.

Changes in resting breathing rate (RBR) of 101 acute psychiatric patients during the course of treatment in hospital have been measured.

Clinical improvement was significantly associated with a mean decrease of RBR of 3.40 breaths per minute.

Treatment with phenothiazines appeared to decrease RBR, while ECT and to a lesser extent anti-depressants appeared to increase it. There were no statistically significant differences between diagnostic groups in degree of change of RBR.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Precise large deviations of aggregate claim amount in a dependent renewal risk model

In this paper, we consider a dependent risk model, in which the claim sizes are ofdependence structure, their inter-arrival times are independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.), and the claim size and its corresponding inter-arrival time satisfy a certain dependence structure described via the conditional distribution of the inter-arrival time given the subsequent claim size being large. We obtain the asymptotics of the lower and upper bounds of precise large deviations for the aggregate amount of claims, which holds uniformly for all x in an infinite interval of t.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Nutritional and Inflammatory Evaluation in Dialysis patients (NIED) study: overview of the NIED study and the role of dietitians.

The absolute majority of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients die within 5 years of commencing dialysis treatment, mostly because of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The strongest and most common correlates of death in MHD patients are not conventional CV risk factors, but markers of protein-energy malnutrition and inflammation, together also known as malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome (MICS). Paradoxically, classic risk factors such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia are associated with better survival in MHD patients. It has been hypothesized that this so-called reverse epidemiology is caused by the overwhelming prevalence and dominating effect of MICS in MHD patients. Hence, the key to improving survival and quality of life in MHD patients may be a better understanding of MICS and its interactions with CV disease and outcome. The Nutritional and Inflammatory Evaluation in Dialysis Patients (NIED) study is a longitudinal multicenter cohort study that aims to examine these hypotheses. At any given semiannual round, approximately 360 MHD patients from 8 DaVita dialysis facilities in the Los Angeles area are examined; 900 MHD patients will be cumulatively studied by the end of this 5-year prospective study (October 2001 to September 2006). Repeated measures of markers of nutritional status and inflammation are performed by 10 to 12 dialysis unit dietitians while patients attend their routine HD treatment in their dialysis facilities. All-cause and CV mortality, hospitalization, and quality of life are studied as outcome measures. The collaborating dietitians are the main evaluators and play crucial roles in all aspects of the study. This article reviews the design and infrastructure of the NIED study and reports preliminary findings of the first 12 to 30 months of the study.

Field of study: Medicine
Systematic Review: Pain and Emotional Functioning in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease

The objective of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between pain (frequency/intensity/duration, impairment, coping) and emotional functioning in pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, and evaluate the state of the literature. Studies were included if they met each of the following criteria: (a) primarily pediatric sample of youth or young adults up to age 21 years with SCD, (b) examined emotional functioning including anxiety and/or depressive and/or internalizing symptoms, and/or affect, (c) examined pain intensity/frequency/duration and/or pain-related impairment and/or pain coping as it relates to emotional functioning, as defined above. Using the established guidelines for systematic reviews, we searched PsycINFO, PubMED, and CINAHL databases for studies published through June 2018. Screening resulted in 33 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Study data were extracted and evaluated for scientific merit, resulting in four studies being removed. 29 studies were included in the final synthesis. Studies provide strongest evidence of a relationship between increased pain frequency and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. There are moderate-to-strong associations between pain-related impairment and depressive symptoms, and small-to-strong associations between pain-related impairment and anxiety. When examining pain-coping strategies, maladaptive cognitive strategies show the strongest association with emotional functioning. There is a need for more adequately powered, prospective studies based on theoretical frameworks in order to advance our understanding of the relationship between pain and emotional functioning in pediatric SCD.

Field of study: Psychology
Physicochemical Properties of New Gelators Based on a Chromen-2-one Core

Homologous series of 2-oxochromen-6-yl 4-alkoxybenzoates (1-n, n = 2–10) and 4-alkoxybiphenyl-4′-carboxylates (2-n, n = 5–8) can gelate various organic solvents, where the gel–sol transition temper...

Field of study: Chemistry
Suboxic to anoxic diagenesis of platform-marginal ooids and bladed-to-fibrous calcite from the Middle Ordovician Ottosee Formation (east Tennessee)

The oolite member of the Ottosee Formation (early Caradoc) has bladed-to-fibrous calcite cement that formed under oxygen-depleted conditions atypical of most abiotic marine precipitates. The sequence of early diagenetic events was as follows: (1) ooid formation, (2) precipitation of rare turbid marine cement, (3) minor dissolution of ooids and initial marine cement, (4) precipitation of translucent bladed-to-fibrous calcite, and (5) stabilization of metastable components, such as ooids and turbid marine cements. Ooids and turbid marine cements precipitated from oxic fluids. Minor dissolution of ooids and turbid marine cements was associated with aerobic degradation of organic material, which decreased alkalinity through generation of CO 2 . Translucent bladed-to-fibrous calcite precipitated from suboxic to anoxic marine fluids that were modified by bacterially mediated Mn 4+ , Fe 3+ , and SO 4 2− reduction. Translucent bladed-to-fibrous cement was originally low-magnesian calcite and has δ 13 C and δ 18 O values near other Caradoc marine values. Conversely, ooids and turbid marine calcite had a metastable magnesian calcite mineralogy. These components were dramatically altered by stabilization as reflected by negative δ 13 C and δ 18 O ooid values. Mineralogical stabilization of ooids and turbid marine cements mainly postdated bladed-to-fibrous calcite formation, but some stabilization preceded bladed-to-fibrous calcite cementation. Additionally, this study documents locally variable cathodoluminescence zonation patterns, which are at variance with the cement stratigraphy paradigm of regionally correlatable CL zones.

Field of study: Geology
Skateparks as a health‐resource: are they as dangerous as they look?

Skateboarding raises an interesting dilemma in the field of health promotion. While public health institutions are engaged in unprecedented efforts to counter the sedentary lifestyles of youth, the promotion of lifestyle sports and active leisure practices, such as skateboarding, is tempered by the potential risks of injuries. The health‐risks associated with skateboarding have generally been viewed through the lens of epidemiology. Sociology, on the other hand, has yet to provide research on injuries that meshes with this literature. This paper addresses this absence by drawing on the works of Pierre Bourdieu to present a different perspective on the health benefits and injuries associated with skateparks. Using his concepts of ‘physical capital’ and ‘social capital’, the analysis consists of 388 days of observation (mean of 35 days in 11 skateparks) and 23 in‐depth interviews with male and female skaters in Montreal, Canada. Its findings indicate that few serious injuries occurred in these skateparks and that these spaces do not correspond to the image depicted of skateboarding in previous research. From this, we suggest that skateparks should be conceived as a valuable health‐resource for youth because they provide various social, psychological and physical resources that encourage a safe and active lifestyle.

Field of study: Sociology
Evidence of Neogene wildfires in central Chile: Charcoal records from the Navidad Formation

Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) ecosystems are characterized by recurrent wildfires. Although the majority of wildfires are human-ignited, non-anthropogenic (i.e., natural) wildfires are common in all MTC regions except central Chile. The low frequency of natural wildfires in this Chilean region is explained by the scarcity of non-anthropogenic ignition sources, basically thunderstorm-induced lightning and volcanic activity. However, from a geological perspective, the current relative absence of non-anthropogenic wildfires in central Chile is a recent phenomenon. In the transition from the Early to Middle Miocene, the climate in the region was likely warm and seasonally dry. Such climate conditions would allow the growth of fuel during the spring, becoming flammable during the dry season. This fire-prone landscape would likely have been ignited by the high volcanic activity that concomitantly occurred with the orogeny of the Andes. To evaluate this hypothesis, we sampled rocks from the three locations at the Navidad Formation, considering the fossil plant evidence deposited during this warm and seasonally dry period. We found a high concentration of charcoal in Playa Navidad, coinciding with the global warming event reported between 17 and 15 Ma. The predominance of microscopic charcoal particles (between 125 and 250 μm) only allows us to infer the occurrence of Neogene fires at a regional scale. The fused cell walls preserved in the charcoal anatomy likely suggest that such fire events were highly severe. The presence of pumice associated with the high charcoal concentrations supports the hypothesis of volcanic ignition sources. Very little charcoal was found in Punta Perro (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene) or in Cerro Los Pololos (late Middle Miocene), where fire may have been limited by fuel humidity and ignition sources respectively, although changes in the depositional environment would also help explain differences in the fire record throughout the Navidad Formation. In conclusion, our results provide the first quantitative Neogene charcoal record for South America. The evidence of fire occurrence in central Chile during the Neogene will contribute to understanding the evolution of the Mediterranean-type flora.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography