nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Quality of Life and Adaptive Behaviors of Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: Stress Processing Moderators

The objective of this study was to examine resilience among adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD), focusing on the interaction of health-related quality of life with stress processing to explain adaptive behavior. Forty-four adolescents with SCD completed paper-and-pencil measures of health-related quality of life, appraisals (hope), pain coping strategies (e.g. adherence), and adaptive behavior. Self-reported health-related quality of life was significantly associated with adaptive behavior, as was adherence. Findings for moderation were mixed. Pain coping strategies moderated the association of health-related quality of life with adaptive behavior such that at lower levels of Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) Adherence, better quality of life was associated with higher adaptive behavior. Similarly, at higher levels of hope, better quality of life was associated with higher adaptive behavior, and poorer quality of life was associated with lower adaptive behavior. Adolescents with SCD showed resilience, particularly in terms of personal adjustment, that may be explained by their appraisals and stress processing strategies. Interventions to support an optimistic or hopeful outlook and improve adherence to recommendations for medical management of sickle cell pain may result in improved resilience/adaptive behavior.

Field of study: Psychology
Gene transfer and delivery in central nervous system disease.

Gene transfer offers the potential to explore basic physiological processes and to intervene in human disease. The central nervous system (CNS) presents a fertile field in which to develop novel therapeutic modalities to treat intractable and pervasive malignant tumors and neurodegenerative disease. The extension of gene therapy to the CNS, however, faces the delivery obstacles of a target population that is postmitotic and isolated behind a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Approaches to this problem have included grafting of genetically modified cells to deliver novel proteins or introducing genes by viral or synthetic vectors geared toward the CNS cell population. Direct inoculation and bulk flow, as well as osmotic and pharmacological disruption, have been used to circumvent the BBB's exclusionary role. Once the gene is delivered, myriad strategies have been used to affect a therapeutic result. Genes activating prodrugs are the most common antitumor approach. Other approaches focus on activating immune responses, targeting angiogenesis, and influencing apoptosis and tumor suppression. At this time, therapy directed at neurodegenerative diseases has centered on ex vivo gene therapy for supply of trophic factors to promote neuronal survival, axonal outgrowth, and target tissue function. Despite early promise, gene therapy for CNS disorders will require advancements in methods for delivery and long-term expression before becoming feasible for human disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Detrital ooids of Holocene age in glaciomarine Champlain Sea sediments, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada

Detrital ooids, from 0.1 to 0.5 mm diameter, almost completely dominate two 0.3 m thick layers between one and two metres depth at a site in clay-size-rich, isostatically uplifted, glaciomarine, Champlain Sea sediments north of Gatineau, Quebec. The ooids, composed of layers of tangentially oriented, platy particles, are physical aggregations of glacially ground, rock flour with the identical mineral suite that constitutes the regional Champlain Sea sediments. The ooids are not cemented and there is no evidence of diagenetic formation of minerals. A hydrodynamic "hail-stone" model, which requires a somewhat turbulent sedimentary environment within the water column, probably created by windwave action that kept ooid nuclei in suspension while the flocculating effect of brackish to marine conditions induced particle accretion onto their surface, is proposed for their formation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Enhanced uptake by guinea-pig macrophages of radio-iodinated human aggregated immunoglobulin G in the presence of sera from rheumatoid patients with cutaneous vasculitis.

A competitive radiobioassay method for soluble immune complexes in sera has been used to study sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Twenty-eight out of sixty-two sera from selected seropositive rheumatoid patients were found to produce enhanced uptake of radio-iodinated human aggregated IgG by guinea-pig macrophages in contrast with the inhibition of uptake seen with SLE sera. Twenty-two out of the twenty-eight enhancing sera belonged to patients with cutaneous vasculitis. None of the twenty-two sera from seronegative rheumatoid patients possessed enhancing properties and none of these patients had clinical evidence of vasculitis. Three patients with seropositive SLE had sera with enhancing properties and had cutaneous vasculitis. We have shown that the enhancement is probably due to the presence in sera of immune complexes or altered IgG bound to rheumatoid factor. The possible mechanism has been investigated and it appears that there is increased binding of radio-iodinated aggregated IgG to free valencies on rheumatoid factor already bound to immune complexes.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Beyond irrationality and the ultras: some notes on female English rugby union fans and the ‘feminised’ sports crowd

In the Academy, female fandom is often conceived of in ways which consciously exclude sport, and women are often marginalised by research on sports fandom. There is also little convincing qualitative research on the experience of mainstream female sports spectators, despite competing claims about the meaning and nature of today’s alleged ‘feminised’ sports crowds. Much of the qualitative work which does exist in this field focuses on younger male soccer fans and pathologises, the experience of female spectators. Instead, in this paper we explore the experiences of mainstream female fans from a sport which is much under‐researched, English rugby union. Drawing on qualitative data from semi‐structured interviews with female rugby union fans from Leicester, we explore these women’s fan experiences in the context of claims about the recent ‘feminisation’ of the late‐modern sports crowd. We focus empirically on three key issues: the early sports encounters of female spectators and their possible links with fandom; changes in women’s access to leisure time and to spectator sport; and women’s shifting experiences of watching rugby union in the new ‘professional’ era of the game. We end with a call for more qualitative work on the changing experience of female sports fans and for more theoretical and empirical work on the supposed ‘feminised’ sporting cultures of late‐modernity.

Field of study: Sociology
Implementation of Content based Image Retrieval System Using SIFT and SVM

this paper provides the novel information about Image Retrieval and Content based image retrieval (CBIR) system since it is now a big need of society. CBIR is a method for finding similar images from large image databases. Different approaches are used for Content based image retrieval, out of which Scale invariant feature transform is very popular. In this paper, we discuss the SIFT Algorithm and SVM classifier used for content based image retrieval. Here, results obtained in several experiments proposed to evaluate the application of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) in content based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems.

Field of study: Engineering
Algorithmic aspects of elliptic bases in finite field discrete logarithm algorithms

Elliptic bases, introduced by Couveignes and Lercier in 2009, give an elegant way of representing finite field extensions. A natural question which seems to have been considered independently by several groups is to use this representation as a starting point for small characteristic finite field discrete logarithm algorithms. This idea has been recently proposed by two groups working on it, in order to achieve provable quasi-polynomial time for discrete logarithms in small characteristic finite fields. In this paper, we don't try to achieve a provable algorithm but, instead, investigate the practicality of heuristic algorithms based on elliptic bases. Our key idea, is to use a different model of the elliptic curve used for the elliptic basis that allows for a relatively simple adaptation of the techniques used with former Frobenius representation algorithms. We haven't performed any record computation with this new method but our experiments with the field F 3 1345 indicate that switching to elliptic representations might be possible with performances comparable to the current best practical methods.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Growth of Trichoderma viride as Influenced by pH, Temperature, Botanicals, Fungicides and Mutagenic Agent

The present investigation was on the growth of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Grey effective against Botrytis ricini (castor grey rot) as influenced by pH of culture medium, incubation temperature, botanicals/fungicides and exposure to physical mutagenic agent, gamma rays. T. viride grew under wide pH range of 4.0 to 9.0 with optimum pH being 5.0 to 6.0. Maximum sporulation occurred at pH 6.0. Incubation temperature of 250C was best for the growth of T. viride. The isolate was found compatible with 10% leaf extracts of Lantana camera, Datura stramonium, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Memordica dioica (Kakrol), Emblica indica (Aonla) and Ricinus communis and common fungicides viz., mancozeb 0.25%, thiram 0.3% and copper oxychloride 0.3% but not with carbendazim 0.1%, benomyl 0.1%, hexaconazole 0.2% and thiophanate-methyl 0.1%. Stable mutants were obtained by exposing the isolate to gamma rays and designated as TV1, TV2, TV3, TV4 and TV5, which differed in their antagonistic ability against B. ricini. Mutant TV4 recorded maximum inhibition of B. ricini (88%) followed by TV5 (87%) in comparison to wild isolate designated as TV6 (82.6%). Further, TV4 and TV5 were compatible with 0.3% captan and 0.01% carbendazim. Thus, mutants TV4 and TV5 were superior to wild isolate.

Field of study: Biology
Localization of modules for a semisimple Lie algebra in prime characteristic (with an Appendix by R. Bezrukavnikov and S. Riche: Computation for sl(3))

We show that, on the level of derived categories, representations of the Lie algebra of a semisimple algebraic group over a field of finite characteristic with a given (generalized) regular central character are the same as coherent sheaves on the formal neighborhood of the corresponding (generalized) Springer fiber. 
 
The first step is to observe that the derived functor of global sections provides an equivalence between the derived category of D-modules (with no divided powers) on the flag variety and the appropriate derived category of modules over the corresponding Lie algebra. Thus the “derived” version of the Beilinson-Bernstein localization theorem holds in sufficiently large positive characteristic. Next, one finds that for any smooth variety this algebra of differential operators is an Azumaya algebra on the cotangent bundle. In the case of the flag variety it splits on Springer fibers, and this allows us to pass from D-modules to coherent sheaves. The argument also generalizes to twisted D-modules. As an application we prove Lusztig’s conjecture on the number of irreducible modules with a fixed central character. We also give a formula for behavior of dimension of a module under translation functors and reprove the Kac-Weisfeiler conjecture. 
 
The sequel to this paper [BMR2] treats singular infinitesimal characters.

Field of study: Mathematics
No. 44924. International Development Association and Mali

Financing Agreement (West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP) Support Project for the First Phase of the Support Program for the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program) between the Republic of Mali and the International Development Association (with schedules, appendix and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants, dated 1 July 2005). Washington, 21 June 2007

Field of study: Political science
Application of synchrotron radiation laue diffraction to small single crystals of a mineral - structure determination and identification.

The potential of synchrotron radiation Lane diffraction Patterns for structure determination and for identification of small single crystallites is illustrated. Diffraction Patterns were recorded for several crystallites, </=20 mum in all dimensions, with the intention of determining an unknown mineral structure. They were the largest particles in the sample. They appeared to represent at least two different phases, but eventually it became clear that neither corresponded to the unknown phase. However, it has been possible to show that both identification and structure determination are practicable from Laue diffraction patterns of crystallites of this size. For one crystallite the diffraction patterns were used to derive unit-cell dimensions and from these the crystallite could be identified as either PbCO(3), cerussite, or SrCO(3), strontianite. Using intensity measurements it could be shown to be PbCO(3). Identification could be similarly achieved for many other small single crystallites, and the procedure is described. For another crystallite, a complete structure determination was carded out and it was then recognized as malachite, Cu(2)(OH)(2)CO(3). The structure found is in very good agreement with that previously determined by Zigan, Joswig, Schuster & Mason

Field of study: Physics
Communicating Stereotype-Relevant Information: Is Factual Information Subject to the Same Communication Biases as Fictional Information?

Factual information is more frequently read and discussed than fictional information. However, research on the role of communication in shaping stereotypes has focused almost exclusively on fictional narratives. In Experiments 1 and 2 a newspaper article containing information about heroin users was communicated along chains of 4 people. No stereotype-consistency bias was observed. Instead, a greater proportion of stereotype-inconsistent information was communicated than was stereotype-consistent or -neutral information. Three further experiments investigated explanations for the difference between the communication of fictional and factual information. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that participants' beliefs about the validity of the information could influence the way that it is communicated. Experiments 4 and 5 divided information into concrete (a specific event or fact) or abstract (opinion). A stereotype-consistency bias emerged only for abstract information. In summary, linguistic abstraction moderates whether stereotype-consistency biases emerge in the communication of stereotype-relevant factual information.

Field of study: Psychology
A xenon ionization detector for scanned projection radiography: 95-channel prototype evaluation.

We have designed, constructed, and tested a 95-channel prototype xenon ionization detector for use in scanned projection radiography (SPR). This detector has higher spatial resolution, is more dose efficient, and is easier to construct than computed tomography (CT) xenon ionization detectors. It consists of two parallel plates separated by a 2-mm gap filled with xenon gas at 2 MPa (20 atm). One plate is a high-voltage electrode while the other is a circuit board etched to form an array of metal collector strips focused on the x-ray source. The resulting detector channels are 0.5 mm wide and 6 cm long. In this paper we present results from measurements of system noise and detector channel calibration. We compared the detector system to a screen/film system and found that it allows the detection of structures with 0.17% radiographic contrast compared to 2% contrast required for detection with screen/film when tested by imaging a 10-cm-thick Lucite phantom with a 10 X 10(-6) C/kg exposure. From images of resolution test patterns, the limiting resolution of the detector is 2.0 1p/mm at 1.6 magnification. Images of reduction mammoplasty tissue samples, obtained with 1/17 the exposure of screen/film images, had the same low-contrast sensitivity but contained less high-contrast detail than the film images.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Magneto-transport and divergent screening of driven two dimensional electron gas in high Landau levels

In two dimensional electron system in magnetic fields such that the Fermi energy lies in high Landau levels and driven by microwave $ac$-field a divergence of the Coulomb screening due to the Ryzhii photocurrent is predicted. A model of magneto-transport with superposition of long range and short range disorders is introduced. In this model the larger is the gradient of the long range potential the smaller is the longitudinal conductivity/resistivity. As a consequence a qualitative theory of the recently discovered zero-resistance states is given.

Field of study: Physics
Dependence of Lyapunov Exponents on Embedding Delay in Electrogastrography Analysis

This study aims to examine the feasibility of applying a complex dynamical analysis method to electrogastrography (EGG). We analyzed EGGs using the maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE), which is one of the indices of the chaotic characteristics of sequential biosignals. In the result, the chaotic process is considered to generate the EGGs irrespective of their embedding delay and dimension. The MLE decreased with an increase in the embedding dimension for a particular embedding delay. In nonlinear analysis, indices are required to be considered for calculations involving a constant embedding dimension and delay.

Field of study: Computer science
Orbital forcing of freshwater input in the Zaire Fan area—clay mineral evidence from the last 200 kyr

Late Quaternary sediments recovered in a core from the area of the Zaire Fan, Central Africa, were analyzed for clay mineral composition in order to reconstruct fluctuations in the sediment input and freshwater discharge of the Zaire River. Clay mineral assemblages are dominated by kaolinite and smectite, which both originate mainly from the Zaire River and contain only minor contributions of eolian dust. Smectite crystallinity and chemical character of illites (Fe, Mg- or Al-rich) are used to track sediment input from the Zaire River and assess fluctuations in the freshwater discharge. Both parameters record a high-latitude forcing of river runoff at 100 ka periodicities reflecting glacial aridity and increased runoff during interglacials 1, 5 and 7. This signal is also observed in kaolinite/smectite ratios which represent the extension and intensity of the freshwater plume of the Zaire River. Clay mineral proxies reveal that river discharge and associated sediment input fluctuated in tune with precessional cycles of African monsoon intensity. Increased eolian input of kaolinite-rich dust with intensified northeast trades during glacials flattens the precessional signal in kaolinite/smectite ratios.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
The implementation and change of degree awarding of the imperial examination in the end of Qing Dynasty

Degree awarding of the imperial examination has a character of degree\|examination. Its implementation has a positive effect on easing the resistance of change between the new and the old educational system, selecting personnel in various specialties and ensuring qualities in running universities and colleges. However, it was finally replaced by new degree system and civilian system of Mingguo period because of its connection with awarding official positions and twists of the function of higher education.

Field of study: Education
The failure of the mangrove conservation plan in Indonesia: Weak research and an ignorance of grassroots politics

Successful scientific knowledge transfer in conservation projects depends on how the science integrates with local grassroots knowledge bases. Weak research comes about through a lack of adept research units. Science-based grassroots knowledge is based on assumption and experience. A new model of the science-policy interface, RIU (Research-Integration-Utilisation) model is used in this case study. This study identifies two phases of knowledge transfer in mangrove conservation plan in Segara Anakan area, Indonesia. The first phase is started by initial research in order to form a basis from which to develop the conservation’s programmes. The integration of research findings faced strong challenges from grassroots communities resulted from involving the elite as the allies of ADB (Asia Development Bank). Grassroots communities were successful in delivering their message, whereas the scientific sector did not produce good problem solving research, as it was oriented towards the wishes of established elite communities. The second phase is started by review study by which the elites were defining the results from the study as reflecting the public’s interests. Therefore, they planned to use the research finding as a basis from which to implement the diversion plan. Nevertheless, they changed their decision due to the tension created by the increasing resistance from grassroots communities. Grassroots politics, in this instance, was more successful in the decision making process. The subsequent elite were more sensitive to grassroots politics than the ADB and their allies.

Field of study: Environmental science
Study on Heat Treatment Processing for ZL205A Alloy

The heat treat process of ZL205A was studied systematically. According to the experiment data, the conclusions were achieved: The speed of solution treatment of metallic mold casting is higher. The aging temperature affects the aging speed very much. The alteration of the wall thickness caused a difference in microstructure, which affected the solution treatment very much on the same boundary conditions. In the case of solution treatment adequately, the variation of wall thickness almost haven′t any effect on aging.

Field of study: Materials science
The learning curve of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: a multi-outcome approach.

Few studies have evaluated the learning curve (LC) for robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children. It was attempted to assess the LC of this procedure using a multi-outcome approach, accounting for patient complexity.



Data on the first series of children undergoing RALP between November 2007 and December 2017 at the study institution were prospectively collected. Patient complexity factors and peri-operative data including operative time (OT) were retrospectively analyzed. The LC was analyzed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) methodology for OT and a composite parameter (combination of 3 parameters: OT adjusted for patient complexity factors (AOT), complications, and surgical success).



Two surgeons without any experience in robotic surgery performed 42 consecutive RALP in 41 patients. Median age at surgery was 5 years (6 months-15 years), and mean OT was 200 ± 72.8 min. Cumulative sum chart demonstrated biphasic LC for OT and multiphasic LC for composite factor. Based on the CUSUM analysis for composite outcome, the LC for RALP could be divided into three different phases: phase 1, the learning period (1-12 cases); phase 2, the consolidation period (13-22 cases); and phase 3, representing the period of increased competence (23-39 cases). Interphase comparison showed a significant reduction in OT, length of stay, and postoperative pain (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0076; P = 0.039, respectively)  Numerous distinctly shaped LCs depending on the outcome measures and well-defined learning phase transition points were demonstrated. Patient complexity factors were accounted for, which can influence surgical outcomes. Because there is no perfect indicator of proficiency, a multi-outcome approach was adopted to provide a comprehensive view of the learning process for RALP. More than 41 cases are needed to achieve mastery.

Field of study: Medicine