nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and to bind to rat liver mitochondria during incubation in vitro. Differences in binding at 0 degree C and 37 degrees C with a fixed concentration of malonyl-CoA.

Time courses for inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity in, and [14C]malonyl-CoA binding to, liver mitochondria from fed or 48 h-starved rats were obtained at 37 degrees C by using identical incubation conditions and a fixed concentration of malonyl-CoA (3.5 microM), which represents the middle of the physiological range observed previously [Zammit (1981)  Incubation of mitochondria in the absence of malonyl-CoA resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the ability of the metabolite instantaneously to inhibit CPT I and to bind to the mitochondria. Both degree of inhibition and binding were restored in parallel over a period of 6-8 min on subsequent addition of malonyl-CoA to the incubation medium. However, the increased inhibition of CPT I activity on addition of mitochondria directly to malonyl-CoA-containing medium was not accompanied by an increase in the amount of [14C]malonyl-CoA bound to mitochondria at 37 degrees C. Time courses for binding of [14C]malonyl-CoA performed at 0 degree C were different from those obtained at 37 degrees C. There was little loss of ability of [14C]malonyl-CoA to bind to mitochondria on incubation in the absence of the metabolite, but there was a time-dependent increase in binding on addition of mitochondria to malonyl-CoA-containing medium. It is suggested that these temperature-dependent differences between the time courses obtained may be due to the occurrence of different changes at 37 degrees C and at 0 degree C in the relative contributions of different components (with different affinities) to the binding observed at 3.5 microM-malonyl-CoA. Evidence for multi-component binding was obtained in the form of strongly curvilinear Scatchard plots for instantaneous (5s) binding of malonyl-CoA to mitochondria. Such multi-component binding would be expected from previous results on the different affinities of CPT I for malonyl-CoA with respect to inhibition [Zammit (1984) . Mitochondria obtained from starved rats showed qualitatively the same time courses as those described above, with notable quantitative differences with respect both to the absolute extents of CPT I inhibition and [14C]malonyl-CoA binding achieved as well as to the time taken to attain them.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
$L^{p}$ type mapping estimates for oscillatory integrals in higher dimensions

We show in two dimensions that if Kf = T R2 + k(x, y)f(y) dy, k(x, y) = e a ·yb/|x − y|, p = 4/(2 + η), a ≥ b ≥ 1̄ = (1, 1), vp(y) = y (p/p′)(1̄−b/a), then ‖Kf‖p ≤ C‖f‖p,vp if η +α1 +α2 < 2, αj = 1−bj/aj , j = 1, 2. Our methods apply in all dimensions and also for more general kernels. 0.  Our purpose is to study mapping properties of the operators given by (0.1) Kf = Ka,bf(x) = \ R d + k(x, y)f(y) dy with x ∈ R+, i.e. x = (x1, . . . , xd) with xj ≥ 0 for 1 ≤ j ≤ d. Here we are forced to consider mappings from Lv into L p w where w(x), v(y) are non-negative, measurable functions (generally referred to as weights) that are positive a.e., and for the most part the weights will be power weights. For the kernel, we take (0.2) k(x, y) = φ(x, y)eig(x,y) with g(x, y) = xa · yb = dj=1 x aj j y bj j , aj , bj ≥ 1, and φ(x, y) satisfies (0.4) below; we also set |x|a · |y|b = ∑d j=1 |xj|j |yj |bj . The model case occurs when k(x, y) = |x− y|−ηeixa·yb , 0 ≤ η < 2−α1 −α2, and αj = 1 − bj/aj , j = 1, 2. We also consider the case where k(x, y) = |x − y|−ηeixa·ybγ(x − y), 0 ≤ η < 2, where γ ∈ C∞(R2) and γ(x) = 0 if |x| ≤ 1, γ(x) = 1 if |x| ≥ 2, and 0 ≤ γ(x) ≤ 1. We mostly work in d = 2 dimensions, and since most of the arguments are iteration type these results can be extended to higher dimensions. We shall give a more detailed explanation of this at the end of Section 0. Our aim is thus to prove an (Lv, L p w) estimate for the operators defined in (0.1) and (0.2), where φ(x, y) satisfies (0.4), a1 ≥ b1 ≥ 1, a2 ≥ b2 ≥ 1, 2000

Field of study: Mathematics
Simulation on high-power tetrode amplifier based on Similink

For a high energy proton radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator which requires a RF power source of 324 MHz and 570 kW, 4616V4 tetrode which can output 350 kW is chosen as the main amplifier. Two tetrodes together can provide an RF power of about 700 kW and meet the design requirement. During the construction of the RF source, simulation studies based on Simulink, tetrode's constant current characteristic curve and experimental data are performed for the optimization of the system working conditions, such as anode voltage, input power, working point and output power. Low anode voltage and nearly saturated input power amplifier can effectively increase the operating frequency. The simulation method is verified with the experimental data setup and the conventional 13-point approximate integral method. As a result, the relative error is less than 5%.

Field of study: Physics
Productivity spillovers through labor mobility in search equilibrium

This paper proposes an explicit model of spillovers through labor flows in a framework with search frictions. Firms can choose to innovate or to imitate by hiring a worker from a firm that has already innovated. We show that if innovating firms can commit to long-term wage contracts with their workers, productivity spillovers are fully internalized. If firms cannot commit to long-term wage contracts, there is too little innovation and too much imitation in equilibrium. Our model is tractable and allows us to analyze welfare effects of various policies in the limited commitment case. We find that subsidizing innovation and taxing imitation improves welfare. Moreover, allowing innovating firms to charge different forms of fees or rent out workers to imitating firms may also improve welfare. By contrast, non-pecuniary measures that reduce the efficiency of the search process, always reduce welfare.

Field of study: Economics
Differential reactivity of lysine residues of the red blood cell Ca2+ pump involved in the E1-E2 conformational equilibrium.

1. Modification of Lys residues of the Ca(2+)-ATPase from human red blood cells with methyl acetimidate (MA) inhibited up to 70% of the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. Furthermore, calmodulin-activated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity was fully inhibited at non-limiting concentrations of MA. 2. Treatment with MA inhibited phosphorylation of the Ca(2+)-ATPase. 3. When the enzyme was treated with 7.2 mM-MA in the presence of 100 microM-Ca2+, Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was decreased by 33%, whereas when the membranes were treated with MA in the presence of 50 microM-VO4(3-), this activity was decreased by only 8%. 4. When membranes were either proteolysed or preincubated with 1 mM-Ca2+, MA quickly inactivated the Ca(2+)-ATPase (k = 1.2 min-1). On the other hand, inactivation of membranes preincubated in the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was slow (k = 0.08 min-1). 5. When the activity was measured in the absence of calmodulin, MA decreased to the same extent the values of KCa (the apparent dissociation constant for Ca2+) and Vmax, but in the presence of calmodulin the treatment decreased Vmax. only. 6. The results are consistent with the idea that MA reacts readily with the Ca(2+)-ATPase when the enzyme is in an E1 conformation, but not an E2 conformation, and that, reciprocally, treatment of the enzyme with MA shifts the enzyme to E1. 7. Provided that Ca2+ is present, ATP, with low apparent affinity (K0.5 = 195 microM), protected against inactivation by MA. However, MA treatment did not change the Km values of either the high-affinity or the low-affinity site for ATP, suggesting that protection results from a shift to a conformation in which the Lys residues are inaccessible to MA.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Identification of symmetric and asymmetric responses in seasonal streamflow globally to ENSO phase

The phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has large-ranging effects on streamflow and hydrologic conditions globally. While many studies have evaluated this relationship through correlation analysis between annual streamflow and ENSO indices, an assessment of potential asymmetric relationships between ENSO and streamflow is lacking. Here, we evaluate seasonal variations in streamflow by ENSO phase to identify asymmetric (AR) and symmetric (SR) spatial pattern responses globally and further corroborate with local precipitation and hydrological condition. The AR and SR patterns between seasonal precipitation and streamflow are identified at many locations for the first time. Our results identify strong SR patterns in particular regions including northwestern and southern US, northeastern and southeastern South America, northeastern and southern Africa, southwestern Europe, and central-south Russia. The seasonally lagged anomalous streamflow patterns are also identified and attributed to snowmelt, soil moisture, and/or cumulative hydrological processes across river basins. These findings may be useful in water resources management and natural hazards planning by better characterizing the propensity of flood or drought conditions by ENSO phase.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Welfare Effects on Women of Poland’s Economic Reforms

In this study we assess the current economic impact of Poland's marketization process on women, relative to men. To do so, various indicators of economic well-being are used, including changes in employment, income, rates of work absence, child care programs, the availability of consumer goods, use of nonworking time (that is, tasks unrelated to employment) and the respondents' perception of their own, as well as, Poland's future economic prospects. An analysis of these indicators reveals that Poland's deteriorating economy has had a greater negative impact on men than on women. Consequently, the existing economic inequalities between Polish women and men are diminishing.

Field of study: Economics
Evolution of the torsion-curvature of a crystal lattice upon the deformation of polycrystalline Cu–Al and Cu–Mn solid solutions: The role of grain size

Torsion-curvature χ of a crystal lattice that occurs upon the deformation of polycrystalline Cu‒Mn and Cu–Al alloys is studied by means of transmission diffraction electron microscopy. The sources of χ are determined, the effect grain size has on the magnitude of χ is established. A linear relationship between χ and the density of the disoriented deformation boundaries is discovered.

Field of study: Physics
Assembly of the Lactuca sativa, L. cv. Tizian draft genome sequence reveals differences within major resistance complex 1 as compared to the cv. Salinas reference genome.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) is an important annual plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). The commercial lettuce cultivar Tizian has been used in various scientific studies investigating the interaction of the plant with phytopathogens or biological control agents. Here, we present the de novo draft genome sequencing and gene prediction for this specific cultivar derived from transcriptome sequence data. The assembled scaffolds amount to a size of 2.22 Gb. Based on RNAseq data, 31,112 transcript isoforms were identified. Functional predictions for these transcripts were determined within the GenDBE annotation platform. Comparison with the cv. Salinas reference genome revealed a high degree of sequence similarity on genome and transcriptome levels, with an average amino acid identity of 99%. Furthermore, it was observed that two large regions are either missing or are highly divergent within the cv. Tizian genome compared to cv. Salinas. One of these regions covers the major resistance complex 1 region of cv. Salinas. The cv. Tizian draft genome sequence provides a valuable resource for future functional and transcriptome analyses focused on this lettuce cultivar.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Cortical dysgenesis with epileptic syndromes and symptomatic epilepsy in children

: Среди врожденных пороков развития мозга значительное место принадлежит корковым дисгенезиям (КД), являющимся одной из ведущих причин эпилептического синдрома у детей. В обзоре дана современная классификация КД, представлены этиологические факторы их развития, включая генетические мутации и неблагоприятное воздействие разнообразных токсинов и перинатальных факторов. Детально рассматривается спектр клинических проявлений КД, сопровождающихся эпилептическими приступами; подчеркивается большая роль современных режимов МРТ-визуализации головного мозга в диагностике, определении тактики ведения пациентов и прогноза течения заболевания.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Exploring community structure of software Call Graph and its applications in class cohesion measurement

Many complex networked systems exhibit natural divisions of network nodes. Each division, or community, is a densely connected subgroup. Such community structure not only helps comprehension but also finds wide applications in complex systems. Software networks, e.g., Class Dependency Network s, are such networks with community structures, but their characteristics at the function or method call granularity have not been investigated, which are useful for evaluating and improving software intra-class structure. Moreover, existing proposed applications of software community structure have not been directly compared or combined with existing software engineering practices. Comparison with baseline practices is needed to convince practitioners to adopt the proposed approaches. In this paper, we show that networks formed by software methods and their calls exhibit relatively significant community structures. Based on our findings we propose two new class cohesion metrics to measure the cohesiveness of object-oriented programs. Our experiment on 10 large open-source Java programs validate the existence of community structures and the derived metrics give additional and useful measurement of class cohesion. As an application we show that the new metrics are able to predict software faults more effectively than existing metrics.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Magnetische Untersuchungen im Gebiet des Schwäbischen Vulkans

ZusammenfassungIm Gebiet der Mittleren Schwäbischen Alb und ihres Vorlandes SE von Stuttgart befindet sich eine größere Zahl basaltischer Vulkanvorkommen. In dieser, Schlotprovinz wurden ausführliche magnetische Feldmessungen durchgeführt, bei denen eine große Zahl von Teilschloten des Schwäbischen Vulkans neu gefunden wurde; es befinden sieh dort mindestens 335 Vulkanröhren obermiocänen Alters. Gesteinsmagnetische Messungen an orientiert entnommenen Gesteinsproben ergaben, daß im Obermiozän der magnetische Pol der Nordhalbkugel im Gebiet von Spitzbergen lag. Die magnetischen Feldmessungen im Gebiet der einzelnen Vulkanschlote wurden ergänzt durch eine regionalmagnetische Vermessung Mittelwürttembergs, die zu einigen Berichtigungen der vorliegenden magnetischen Karten führte.AbstractIn the Swabian Jurassic southeast of Stuttgart are many basaltic pipes. In this volcanic region magnetic field research was carried out on a large scale whereby a great number of yet unknown volcanic pipes were discovered; there are at least 335 volcanoes of upper-Miocene age. The position of the upper-Miocene pole of the north-hemisphere of the earth, calculated from orientated samples of this volvanic region, is near Spitsbergen. The magnetic field-research in the region of the volcanoes was supplemented by a regional magnetic survey of middle-Wuerttemberg.RésuméDans le Jura souabe au sud-est de Stuttgart il y a une quantité de volcans basaltiques. Dans cette region volcanique des recherches magnétiques ont été réalisées par lesquelles le nombre des volcans a été bien augmenté; ils sont d'âge miocène supérieur et aujourd'hui on y connaît 335 volcans. La position du pôle magnétique de l'hémisphère du nord calculée des spécimens orientés était dans le Miocène supérieur près de Spitzberg. Les recherches magnétiques des champs autor des volcans ont été complétées par mesurage magnétique en Wurtemberg moyenne.Краткое содержаниеНа юго-восток от г. Шту ттгарта находится б ольшое число базальтовых вулканитов. В этой про винции провели много численные магнитно-полевые измерения, причем обн аружили большое коли чество отщепившихся кратеров-по-крайней м ере 335. — верхнемиоценов ого возраста. Измерение магнетизма ориентир ованных пород устано вили, что в верхнем миоцене магнитный полюс севе рного полушания расп олагался в области острова Шпицберген. Магнитны е измерения в области отдельных отщепившихся кратеров дополнили р егиональными измере ниями магнетизма в среднем Вюрттемберге и уточн или имеющиеся карты м агнетизма.

Field of study: Environmental science
Residues of lindane and its metabolites in eggs, chicks, and body tissues of hen pheasants after ingestion of lindane-14C via treated wheat seed or gelatin capsules.

Studies were carried out to investigate possible contamination of pheasants with residues of lindane used as seed dressings for the control of wireworms in cereal crops. One group of laying hen pheasants was fed 20 mg of lindane-14C in gelatin capsules while another group was fed wheat seed treated with 100 ppm of lindane-14C for 15 days. Residues in eggs were monitored for about 70 days. Residues in chicks hatched from the eggs were also measured. Concentrations of residues in muscle, liver, brain, and fatty tissues were determined at various times. 14C-labeled residues in eggs increased sharply in the capsule treated group and reached an average maximum of about 19 ppm in 8 days. This level decreased to less than 0.5 ppm in about 50 days. Residues in eggs from the pheasants fed treated seed increased gradually to an average maximum of 17 ppm 22 days after commencement of the feeding program. This level decreased to less than 0.5 ppm 50 days later. Residues in hatched chicks were significantly lower than those in the eggs. Highest concentrations of residues were found in fatty tissues which decreased to non-detectable level in 6 months. Several chlorobenzene metabolites were identified in egg yolk and chick tissues. Chlorophenolic metabolites were indicated only in chicks.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Circulating levels of novel adipocytokines in patients with colorectal cancer.

Adipocytokines have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this matched case-control study was to explore circulating novel adipocytokines, such as serum visfatin, omentin-1 and vaspin levels in patients with CRC.



Serum visfatin, omentin-1, and vaspin levels were measured in 69 subjects (39 patients with colorectal cancer and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods.



Compared with the controls, patients with CRC had significantly higher circulating omentin-1 (203.23 vs 9.12 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) visfatin (4.03 vs 2.01 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) and vaspin (0.54 vs 0.31 ng/ml, p = 0.015) levels. After adjustment for covariates (age and body mass index), patients with CRC had significantly higher serum omentin-1 (p < 0.0001), visfatin (p < 0.0001), and vaspin (p = 0.040) levels than the control group. Furthermore, the results did not change when age and waist-to-hip ratio were considered as covariates in the general linear models.



The observed higher levels of omentin-1, visfatin, and vaspin in patients with CRC, independent of measures of obesity, suggest that these adipocytokines may have a potential role in the development of CRC through mechanisms other than the indirect mechanisms that are active in the association between obesity and CRC.

Field of study: Medicine
Helicity dependence of the gamma p -> N pi channels and multipole analysis in the Delta region

A high-quality double-polarization data set for the helicity dependence of the total and differential cross-sections for both gammap --> Npi channels in the Delta region has been obtained in the framework of the GDH experiment. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4pi detection system, a circularly polarized photon beam, and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. These data are included in the database to perform a multipole analysis to determine the properties of the Delta(1232)-resonance. For the resonant Delta(1232) multipoles we find a very good agreement with previous analyses, while the nonresonant ones show significant deviations.

Field of study: Physics
Stability region adaptation using transmission power control for transport capacity optimization in IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks

Transmission power control in multihop wireless networks is a challenging problem due to the effects that different node transmission powers have across the layers of the protocol stack. In this paper, we study the problem of transmission power control in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks with distributed scheduling. We consider the effects of transmission power control on the link-scheduling performance when a set of end-to-end flows established in the network are given. The problem is approached by means of the stability region of the link-scheduling policy. Specifically, the stability region is adapted using transmission-power control to the paths of the flows. This adaptation enables the flows to support higher levels of data traffic under lower levels of end-to-end delay. To the best of our knowledge, the approach of stability-region-based transmission power control has not been studied before. We propose a heuristic transmission-power-control algorithm for solving the problem of adapting the stability region to the flows. It is shown, by means of simulation, that the algorithm outperforms the transmission power control based on spatial reuse, which is a widely used approach. Also, it is shown that the solution of the algorithm has performance close to the optimal solution for moderate-sized networks, i.e., networks with no more than 25 nodes and 25 flows.

Field of study: Computer science
How to Motivate People Working in Teams

This article focuses on the benefits of teamwork. The research objective is to explore how to motivate people working in teams. The study includes secondary research to gather data and add to existing knowledge. This article concludes with suggestions for improving team performance by improving motivation. These include objective-based team training, voluntarily formed teams, team-based leadership and communication system. As far as future research is concerned, motivation methods in cross-cultural situations might be a valuable area for further research.

Field of study: Business
Thermal Decomposition and Oxidation Ageing Behaviour of Polypropylene/Halloysite Nanotube Nanocomposites

The thermal decomposition and oxidation ageing behaviour of polypropylene (PP) and PP/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites were studied. The kinetics of thermal decomposition were calculated by integral models. The thermal oxidation ageing was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PP nanocomposites showed a higher activation energy of thermal decomposition than neat PP. Their surface treatment and lower HNT loading led to a higher activation energy of decomposition. Their improved thermal stability in nitrogen was attributed to entrapment of decomposition products at initial decomposition stage and to barrier effects. Nanocomposites made by using silane-modified HNT (m-HNT) and also those with lower quantities of (unsilanated) HNT showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative ageing. The rate of thermo-oxidative ageing was correlated with the number of acidic sites and the volume of entrapped oxygen in the lumen of the HNT and in cavities.

Field of study: Materials science