nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytic Action of Apixaban on Intra-Atrial Thrombus Developed after Previous Treatment with Warfarin: A Case Report

To highlight the usefulness of apixaban on intra-atrial thrombus that develops after previous treatment with warfarin.  A 69-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin presented with acute decompensated heart failure due to an episode of atrial fibrillation. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed the presence of an intra-atrial thrombus. She was treated with apixaban, and transesophageal echocardiogram showed complete resolution of the thrombus after 3 weeks of treatment.  This case highlights the usefulness of apixaban in the management of atrial fibrillation and proven intra-atrial thrombus.

Field of study: Medicine
Numerical analysis of the effects of nozzles number on the flow and power of cooling of a vortex tube

In this paper, the effects of the nozzles number on the flow and power of cooling of a vortex tube are studied, using a three-dimensional numerical fluid dynamic model. Vortex tube has interesting functions and several industrial applications, and, as a refrigerator, it is used as a spot cooling device in industry. High-pressure compressible fluid enters the vortex tube and leaves its cold and hot outlets at lower and higher temperatures than that of the inlet flow, respectively. A few experimental and a fewer numerical studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of nozzles number of a vortex tube. However, in this paper, the effects of nozzles number on the flow and power of cooling of a counter-flow vortex tube are investigated comprehensively. It is observed that as the number of nozzles is increased, power of cooling increases significantly while cold outlet temperature decreases moderately.

Field of study: Engineering
Characterization of stress in doped and undoped polycrystalline silicon before and after annealing or oxidation with laser raman spectroscopy

Stress in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) was characterized with laser Raman spectroscopy. Effects of diffusion of phosphorus, annealing and oxidation on stress were especially studied. Relaxation of undirectional stress by annealing and oxidation was observed. Undirectional stress was relaxed by heavy doping of phosphorus which made a grain size larger. Compressive stress increased, however, by oxidation in poly-Si with a smaller grain size.

Field of study: Materials science
SELECTION OF NUMBER OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS BASED ON FAULT DIAGNOSING PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful tool in chemical process monitoring and product quality control. The number of principal components (PCs) is the essential parameter of PCA and ultimately determines the performance of this useful statistical method. Traditional selection methods are very subjective due to the monotonically increasing or decreasing indices they adopt. By exploring the minimum detectable fault magnitudes in the PCs space and residual space simultaneously, a new index of optimal critical fault magnitude (OCFM) was introduced and the number of PCs was selected by optimizing a function of the OCFM. The proposed method could incorporate the PCA fault diagnosing performance with the PCs selection procedure effectively, and has the advantages of forecasting PCA detection behavior of a specific fault and estimating the fault magnitude. The acquired results were then illustrated and verified by monitoring a simulated double-effect evaporator.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina: Art, Iconography and Patronage in Fourteenth-Century Naples (review)

tery by a man was normally not pursued in civil court, but might form part of a pattern of disregard or desertion of a wife seeking separation presented to ecclesiastical authorities. Adultery by a woman was viewed as a crime, for it threatened to defraud the male householder. Not only was the guilty wife viewed as “stealing” the clothing and food he provided for her maintenance, but as “stealing” his wealth as well, if an illegitimate child wrongfully inherited. The judicial records Hacke studies allow us to view the behavior and concerns of men and women from ranks below the stratum of the elite, whose experience alone is reflected in literary texts. From these records we hear the famed “subaltern voice,” in narratives, carefully recorded by notaries, that adumbrate commonly held expectations of marriage and social responsibility by neighbors, kinfolk, and counselors. Interspersing her analysis with brief microhistorical case studies, Hacke brings this remote era before our eyes. Her work overlaps to some extent with Joanne Ferraro’s earlier Marriage Wars in Late Renaissance Venice (2001). In looking at church and state institutions in parallel, Hacke provides context for Ferraro’s work, which looked only at cases brought before the Patriarchal Court. In addition, Hacke avoids Ferraro’s foregrounding of female agency, preferring to anatomize the experience of both men and women in situations of marital process. While she falls short of Ferraro’s eloquent depictions of women’s personal lives, Hacke’s more comprehensive study in the end supports Ferraro’s thesis. Both authors depict Venetian institutions as surprisingly flexible and accommodating to women’s needs. They describe a mitigated patriarchy, even as pressure mounted for a more disciplined sexuality in Venice, as elsewhere in Europe in this era. One small complaint: the evidentiary framework could have been presented more clearly — which courts, what years, how many cases, what charges, by and against whom, and what verdicts rendered. The reader must labor valorously to extract this information; even the six tables in chapter 3, which offer keys to the cipher, are not fully explanatory. When Hacke moves on to her next project, I hope she will more closely imitate her mentor, Peter Burke, a master of the lucid and elegant presentation of such evidence. Just check out, among others (not neglecting the tables and appendices) The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy (1986) and The Fortunes of the Courtier: The European Reception of Castiglione’s Cortegiano (1996). MARGARET L. KING Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York

Field of study: History
Science with an ngVLA: Gas Density Across the Universe

Gas density is widely believed to play a governing role in star formation. However, the exact role of density in setting the star formation rate remains debated. We also lack a general theory that explains how the gas density distribution in galaxies is set. The primary factor preventing the resolution of these issues is the limited number of observations of the gas density distribution across diverse environments. Centimeter- and millimeter-wave spectroscopy offer the most promising way forward in this field, but the key density-sensitive transitions are faint compared to the capabilities of current telescopes. In this chapter, we describe how a next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) represents the natural next step forward in this sensitivity-limited field. Such a facility would provide a crucial link between the `Milky Way' and `Extragalactic' views of star formation and dramatically advance our understanding of the drive and role of gas density in galaxies, building on current results from ALMA, NOEMA, the Green Bank Telescope, and other current facilities working in this area.

Field of study: Physics
On conservatism and transcendence of university

Conservatism and transcendence are symbiosis phenomena of mankind, the effective carrier of which is university. University’s transcendence is not confined to keeping abreast with the times, rather, it goes beyond pragmatism, the present state and the universe. Conservatism and transcendence are twins in universities. The value of the former is usually underestimated, however, as a matter of fact transcendence can not exist without conservatism.

Field of study: Education
Reduced Downward Mobility of Metolachlor and Metribuzin from Surfactant-Modified Clays

The study aims to prepare the organoclay complexes of metolachlor and metribuzin so as to reduce their downward mobility in soil profile. The organoclays were preadsorbed with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA) (50% of cation exchange capacity [CEC]) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) (100% of CEC). Four metolachlor formulations, two for each organoclay, were prepared having 1% and 2% load of herbicide and were called PTMA-Metol-1%, PTMA-Metol-2%, HDTMA-Metol-1% and HDTMA-Metol-2%. Two metribuzin formulations were prepared and were called PTMA-Metri-1% and HDTMA-Metri-1%. Soil column leaching experiment showed that compared to their commercially available formulations, organoclay complexes were effective in reducing the downward mobility of both herbicides. Organoclay complexes of metolachlor and metribuzin prepared using PTMA-Montmorillonite performed better than the HDTMA-Montmorillonite complexes.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The role of CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi regulatory B cells in the severity assessment of acute pancreatitis

To investigate the prognostic value of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in patients with acute pancreatitis. 
 
 
 
Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detected the percentages of CD19+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs in peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute pancreatitis (36 cases with mild acute pancreatitis and 15 cases with severe acute pancreatitis) as well as the surface costimulatory molecules including CD80 and CD86 on CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs. Their correlations with lymphocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP) were further analyzed. 
 
 
 
The numbers of lymphocytes, CD19+ lymphocytes, CD19+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs in peripheral blood samples collected from patients with severe and mild acute pancreatitis as well as the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of CD80 and CD86 were significantly lower than those from healthy subjects. Compared with patients with mild acute pancreatitis, the numbers of lymphocytes and CD19+ lymphocytes, the absolute numbers of CD19+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs as well as the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of CD80 and CD86 in patients with severe acute pancreatitis were significantly decreased. The percentages of CD19+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs in patients with mild acute pancreatitis were significantly increased after an initial drop, but in patients with severe acute pancreatitis those values were continuously decreased along with the disease progression. The percentage of CD19+ IL-10+ Bregs was positively correlated with the percentage of CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs and the absolute number of CD19+ lymphocytes, but was negatively correlated with CRP. 
 
 
 
The abnormal number and function of CD19+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD24hiCD27hi Bregs might be one of the important reasons causing immune dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis. 
 
 
 
Acute pancreatitis; Regulatory B cell; Flow cytometry; Interleukin-10; Costimulatory molecule

Field of study: Biology
Fraud and Forensic Accounting Education: Prospects and Challenges in Nigeria

This study first investigates the availability of fraud and forensic accounting (FFA) education in Nigeria. The paper then analyses the perceptions of academics and practitioners on the demand for, relevance and integration of, FFA in Nigeria. The data obtained through a questionnaire survey was analysed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) and Chi-Square tests. The results (i) indicate an increasing market demand for fraud examiners and forensic accountants; and (ii) suggest that FFA be given adequate coverage in the accounting curriculum in response to market demand. On the benefits of FFA education and training, there is virtual unanimity that it will: (i) widen the employment horizon and opportunities for graduates; (ii) help to combat fraud, corruption and financial crimes, (iii) strengthen the credibility of financial reporting, and (iv) help to rebuild investors’ confidence and trust in financial reports. The findings also support integration at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The policy implication draws attention to regulatory importance and expediency of integrating FFA education into the accounting curriculum. This calls for regulatory initiative in developing the Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) for FFA programmes at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Field of study: Business
Shrinkage ridge regression in partial linear models

In this paper, shrinkage ridge estimator and its positive part are defined for the regression coefficient vector in a partial linear model. The differencing approach is used to enjoy the ease of parameter estimation after removing the non parametric part of the model. The exact risk expressions in addition to biases are derived for the estimators under study and the region of optimality of each estimator is exactly determined. The performance of the estimators is evaluated by simulated as well as real data sets.

Field of study: Mathematics
Clinical and histological features of primary pure large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary

Primary pure large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the ovary is a rare entity which has been reported only through few cases. It is described as an aggressive tumor with the tendency to present at advanced stages and to cause death after a short postoperative time. Until nowadays, there is no standard therapeutic protocol that helps to guide the treatment of this malignancy. In this article, we report two cases of pure LCNEC of the ovary to make physicians aware of this entity and to show its clinical and pathological features in order to put emphasis on its aggressiveness. The first case was a 38-year-old patient diagnosed in 2015. The ovarian LCNEC was classified according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging classification as FIGO Stage IV and was treated by surgery and chemotherapy. The second case was a 67-year-old patient diagnosed in 2017. The ovarian LCNEC was classified as Stage IIIB and not resectable and was treated by paclitaxel–carboplatin chemotherapy.

Field of study: Medicine
ESTUDOS SOBRE A LEITURA DE ERITRÓCITOS MICRONUCLEADOS EM CAMUNDONGOS TRATADOS COM ANABOLIZANTES

Os anabolizantes sao substâncias utilizadas para aumento rapido da massa muscular. Na populacao usuaria estao diferentes segmentos sociais, inclusive aqueles candidatos as competicoes esportivas que necessitam de resultados urgentes. A bibliografia e a propria bula dos medicamentos registram efeitos no sistema hematopoietico. Diante desses fatos e da linha de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo laboratorio de Psicobiologia, nos dispusemos a analisar duas destas substâncias, Cobamamida e Ubidecarenona. Nesta analise, foi feita tambem a leitura microscopica de celulas eritrocitarias da medula ossea de camundongo, onde se registrou a presenca de Micronucleos (MN) em Eritrocitos Policromaticos (EP) e Eritrocitos Normocromaticos (EN). A avaliacao estatistica entre os grupos controle e tratados foi realizada, inicialmente, pela analise de variância seguida dos testes “t” de Student e "T" de Tukey. O efeito indicador de mutagenicidade no estudo das substâncias se apresentou nas administracoes, isoladas ou associadas das mesmas. Logo, cuidados especiais devem ser tomados diante dos resultados obtidos.

Field of study: Education
Heat and drought extremes likely to stress ecosystem productivity equally or more in a warmer, CO 2 rich future

Reduced carbon uptake caused by recent heat and drought extremes raises concerns about biospheric feedbacks that amplify global warming. However, elevated carbon dioxide is expected to boost terrestrial ecosystem productivity over the 21st century, potentially alleviating some of the adverse carbon impacts of climate extremes. Using CMIP5 earth system model (ESM) results, Ian Williams and colleagues (2014 ) find that the carbon impacts of heat and drought extremes in the future are likely to be similar to those seen in today’s climate only shifted toward fluctuations around a higher average temperature. However, they also find that extremes may become more frequent and longer lived, causing further reductions in carbon uptake. Considering that ESMs generally miss a host of heat and drought induced mortality mechanisms that could exacerbate adverse carbon impacts, it is logical to expect that the impacts of today’s heat and drought extremes are likely underestimates of what we can expect in the future with a high fossil emissions pathway.

Field of study: Environmental science
[Anti-aconitinic effects of CaCl2 and atropine].

In anesthetized rabbits con-tinuous iv infusion of 0.05% aconitine 0.06-0.08 mg/kg slowed the respiration rate significantly for about 10 s, while 0.33-0.35 mg/kg decreased the depth of breathing by 50%. Slow iv of CaClz . 200 mg/kg antago-nized the fibrillating effect of aconitine on guinea pigs and its respiratory depression action on rabbits. The LDso curve of CaCl2 was parallel to that of aconitine. CaCl2 (ip 2/5 LD60/kg) increased the LD60 0f aconitine t0 1.55-fold. Atropine increased the LD60 0f aconi-tine or CaClz. Atropine and CaC12 used in combination increased the LD60 0f aconi- tine no more than they did separately. At.ropine counteracted the antagonistic effect of CaC12 against the shallow respi-ration caused by large dose of aconitine (0.33-0.35 mg/kg).

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Materials for Renaissance Fashion

LONG DENIGRATED AS INTELLECTUALLY superficial due to a pervasive, often moralizing distrust of fashion’s ostensible frivolity, studies of clothing and fashion have emerged as increasingly vibrant forces within the humanities’ material turn and art history’s embrace of material culture. This burgeoning scholarship builds on many decades of painstaking and comprehensive costume history as well as economic historians’ formidable investigations of textile production. Three pioneering explorations of early modern material culture, consumption, and social relations generated intellectual urgency in the first years of the newmillennium: Ann Rosalind Jones and Peter Stallybrass’s Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory, EvelynWelch’s Shopping in the Renaissance, andWelch and Michelle O’Malley’s Material Renaissance. Likewise, ongoing engagements with materiality and its agency have furnished profitable theoretical perspectives for Renaissance clothing and fashion, as have histories of gender and bodies. Concepts of embodiment indebted to Joanne Entwistle’s The Fashioned Body have afforded dynamic accounts of the relations between Renaissance bodies and clothes for scholars includingDenis Bruna,Ulinka Rublack, and SusanVincent. Any study of fashion must reckon with the body, which imbues garments with meaning, thereby providing the literal shape and interpretive fields through which they can be understood. Without the body, clothing is but “a corpse or a mass of lifeless cloth.” That fashion broadcasts signs of status and identity is a familiar refrain, yet we must recognize that its forms and materials simultaneously constitute these identities and even our sense of self. We make clothes, and clothes make us. Bodies are both concealed and revealed by clothes. Changes in the cuts and shapes of Renaissance clothing both induced and were influenced by bodily ideals mediated through expectations of gender, age, and status (and, time and again,

Field of study: History
Three-terminal field effect superconducting device using SrTiO/sub 3/ channel

As a first step toward fabricating transistors to control supercurrent, we fabricated two- and three-terminal devices that have coplanar Nb electrodes coupled with a SrTiO/sub 3/ substrate. In the two-terminal devices, the Nb electrodes were coupled with an Nb-doped SrTiO/sub 3/ substrate with a carrier concentration of 2/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. Electrode spacing was about 50 nm. The devices showed Josephson effect at 4.2 K. Three-terminal devices were made on a thinly doped surface of a non-doped 0.4-mm-thick SrTiO/sub 3/ substrate with gate electrodes on the non-doped area of the substrate. Resistance of the three-terminal devices was controlled by applying voltages to the gate electrode at 4.2 K.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Construction of the Six‐ and Five‐Membered Aza‐Heterocyclic Units of the Isoindoloisoquinolone Nucleus by Parham‐Type Cyclization Sequences –Total Synthesis of Nuevamine

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of isoindolo[1,2-a]isoquinolones based on two Parham-type cyclizations allowing the formation of the five- and six-membered nitrogenated rings from carbamate or diacylamine precursors is described. The synthetic potential of this method has been further illustrated by the total synthesis of the alkaloid nuevamine.

Field of study: Chemistry
Comparison of bio-medical parameters in SIV infected Chinese rhesus monkeys with diverse progression correlated to the pathogenesis of simian AIDS

To compare the bio-medical parameters in SIV infected Chinese rhesus monkeys with diverse disease progression,by which the pathogenesis of simian AIDS were to be investigated. Sixteen Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 and followed-up for 18 months.Based on their progression patterns and plasma viral loads,animals were divided into 3 groups,including 1 rapid progressor( RP),13 normal progressors(NP),and 2 elite controllor(EC).Their parameters of haematology,virology,immunology and pathology were examined and compared.  Compared with other animals,RM449(RP) showed higher viral load,unresponsive humoral immunity,and higher level of auto-antibodies against lymph node,thymus,and spleen.Additionally,its effector memory CD4 count was lower,with the transformation progress being "blocked-like" from naive/central memory subsets to effector memory subset,as the flow-cytometry assay showed.Notable decrease in its peripheral B cell was also observed,especially to the sub-population of tissue-like memory B cells and activated memory B cells.Pathological examination showed the depletion of lymphoid tissue,atrophy of spleen and loss of thymus.Moreover,most of these parameters of RM450 and RM453 (EC) changed opposite to that of RP.Conclusion The hallmarks of RM449 were higher viraemia and lower SIV specific IgG level,which may due to the disturbance of T cells and B cells development and differentiation.Moreover,destructions of organs of the immune system may contribute to the disturbance.Our study suggest that the change of micro-environments of thymus induced by SIV infection,which is necessary in T cell and B cell development and differentiation,may contribute at least partially to the AIDS pathogenesis. 
 
 
Rapid progressor(RP); Normal progressor(NP); Elite controllor (EC); Simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV); Memory cell subset

Field of study: Biology
On Extremum Properties of the Generalized Rayleigh Quotient Associated with Flutter Instability

The extremum properties of the generalized Rayleigh quotient related to flutter instability are investigated. It is shown that, in addition to the well-known stationary property, under centain circumstances the quotient exhibits maximum-minimum properties which are in contrast to those of the classical Rayleigh quotient. One consequence is that a Rayleigh-Ritz type of stability analysis using these results leads to a lower bound as opposed to an upper bound in the classical case. The results are applied to multiple-parameter systems and a physical interpretation is given for the generalized Rayleigh quotient, leading to the proof of a convexity theorem.

Field of study: Mathematics