nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A revised late-Quaternary vegetation history of the unglaciated southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada, from Antifreeze and Eikland ponds

Antifreeze Pond was thought to contain the oldest record of continuous environmental change in the southwestern Yukon. We have revised the original interpretation of the vegetation history of Antifreeze Pond and this region based on new pollen, stomate, and macrofossil analysis, along with 38 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates from Antifreeze Pond and nearby Eikland Pond. Although the overall pattern of vegetation change is similar to the previously published Antifreeze Pond record, our new analysis indicates that the timing of the major vegetation shifts is substantially different, particularly during the late-glacial and early Holocene periods (from ∼17 000 – 9000 cal years BP). The original Antifreeze Pond record was thought to span a mid-Wisconsinan interstadial (>30 000 cal years BP) and the full-glacial period. Our results, however, indicate that the material of mid-Wisconsinan age was likely deposited by slumping around the pond making interpretation of the paleoenvironment difficult...

Field of study: Environmental science
Ophthalmic artery aneurysm treated by surgical clipping and balloon-assisted temporary carotid occlusion.

A 29-year-old woman is diagnosed with a large broad-base right ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Despite an intact visual field, she complained of mild right visual blurriness. Between endovascular and surgical treatments, surgery was favored due to her young age. It was decided to perform the surgery with simultaneous endovascular temporary carotid balloon occlusion. A right pterional craniotomy and intradural anterior clinoidectomy were performed, the balloon was positioned in the petrous carotid, and the distal durai ring was opened exposing the proximal neck. Under temporary proximal carotid balloon occlusion and distal carotid clip occlusion, the aneurysm was fully dissected and clipped. Intraoperative angiogram confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion and patency of the ophthalmic artery. The patient's neurological exam remained unchanged. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/BIQKTl9bDqA .

Field of study: Medicine
Adsorption of 4-Chlorophenol from Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from Peanut Husk

It is essential to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from solution. In this research, the activated carbon (PAC) was prepared from peanut husk by (NH4)2HPO4 activation and its adsorption property toward 4-CP was presented. Several experimental factors like initial pH, common salts concentration, contact time, solution temperature were evaluated. Solution pH within 2-6 was in favor of adsorption and common salts had slight effect on adsorption quantity. The adsorption capacity was up to 89.4 mg g–1 and the process was exothermic. Langmuir model and Freundlich model were used to fit the adsorption equilibrium data and both can better predict the process. 4-CP-loaded PAC can be regenerated by 0.1 mol L–1 NaOH. It was concluded that PAC be good adsorbent to remove 4-CP from solution.

Field of study: Engineering
Angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements on epitaxial GaAs layers grown on conductive substrates

The well known geometrical magnetoresistance effect was applied to metal-semiconductor-metal and GaAs Gunn device-type structures as angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurement and it has been proved to be an effective tool. Using samples rotated in magnetic field, the method makes possible the simultaneous determination of the electron mobility in an epitaxial layer grown on a conductive substrate and the resistance of the contacts, as has been demonstrated by a great number of experimental results. Questions which arose during the experiments have been studied by computer simulations for a wide range of sample parameters. Model calculations have shown the requirements on the samples, on the conditions of the measurement and the limitations to the correctness of the fitted and resultant data. In practice limitations are not very severe for different real metal-semiconductor-metal structures.

Field of study: Materials science
A fatal case of atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation of left atrium and pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic compromise and formation of thrombi within the fibrillating atrium or atrial appendage can occur. Surgical treatment aims to eliminate dysrhythmia-triggering foci in the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium by radiofrequency ablation techniques using ohmic heat. As medical treatment may be ineffective, radiofrequency catheter ablation is increasingly being used by interventional cardiac electrophysiologists for AF. Serious complications have been observed among patients who have undergone radiofrequency ablation, atrioesophageal fistula being a very rare example. This case describes a 43-year-old man who died after the development of an atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation of the left atrium and pulmonary veins for treatment of AF.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
On the potential in a strip with a pair of U notches

1. Synopsis and introduction. The potential in a strip with a pair of V or U notches was solved by the author in a recent paper , The solution is expressed as a linear combination of a set of harmonic functions in addition to some linear terms. Each harmonic function satisfies the requirements of the problem, except the boundary conditions on the curves of notch. Subsequently, one curve of notch is transformed conformally into a portion of the circumference of a unit circle, on which the boundary condition is adjusted. The corresponding condition on the curve of the other notch is automatically satisfied by antisymmetry. The present paper is endeavored to give an alternate solution of the problem. Since the strip with V notches is perhaps the less crucial case, the solution is formulated with reference to the U notches only. The present solution differs from the previous one essentially in the following two aspects: (i) The set of harmonic functions is a subset of the harmonic functions derived systematically from a single function. (ii) The boundary conditions on the curves of notch are adjusted without the use of conformal transformation. Each curve is merely regarded as a piecewise continuous curve. Finally, several numerical examples are given for illustration.

Field of study: Mathematics
High-spin states in107Sn

High-spin states in107Sn were studied using the reaction54Fe(56Fe, 2pn)107Sn. An odd-parity band was identified as based on thevh11/2 orbit by measuring theγ-ray linear polarization. Also were confirmed the excited states based on thevd5/2 andvg7/2 orbits. The halflives of the 17/2+ and 11/2− states were measured to be 0.25(4) ns and 28(11) ps, respectively. The experimental level structure and its interpretation were in good agreement with a shell model calculation.

Field of study: Physics
Belê in regte voer vir verse

'n Melkprodusent se voerrekening is een van sy grootste uitgawes en soms word jong diere se dieet nie so noukeurig beplan soos die van produserende koeie nie. Hoewel dit die volwasse diere is wat vir die plaas se inkomste sorg, sorg die korrekte grootmaak en voeding van opvolgverse vir 'n toekomstige melkkudde waarop staatgemaak kan word.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Platinum-Nickel-Iron/Carbon Nanosheets Nanocomposite for Determination of Clenbuterol

By using ehanolamine and oleylamine as reduction,dicaprylyl ether and 1,2-hexadecanediol as medium,PtNiFe(8-13 nm) nanoflower-particles were prepared.By utilizing a graphite rod as a carbon source and quench method to get the carbon nanosheets,the clenbuterol electrochemical sensor was prepared by absorbing PtNiFe nanoflower onto carbon nanosheets to modified carbon glassy electrode for the detection of clenbuterol residual in the metabolite of animal.The effects of some experiment conditions such as buffer,enrichment potential and time on the electrochemical behavior of this sensor were investigated.The liner range was 1.9×10-7-4.9×10-2 mol/L,and the detection limit is 6.0×10-8 mol/L.This sensor has good selectivity,high sensitivity,good reproducibility and stability.

Field of study: Chemistry
Women, Rhetoric, and Drama in Early Modern Italy. Alexandra Coller. London: Routledge, 2017. xii + 282 pp. $149.95.

allows one not only to better understand ideas about Sinn developed in a given era, but also to shed light on the specificity of the epoch itself. The choice of the topics mirrors this task by focusing on transitional figures (e.g., Petrarch between Augustine and humanism), on shifting moments in literary genres (e.g., allegory in Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata and in Marino’s Adone), and also on more nuanced definitions of a given epoch (in this last case I would single out Florian Mehltretter’s essay on the hidden sources of the conception of symbol in the French Enlightenment). It is a path of research that German scholarship has been constantly following in the last decades, reflecting often upon the notion of “epistemological rupture” conceived by Gaston Bachelard and then adopted by Michel Foucault, whose name not by chance appears in Franz Penzenstaldler’s essay on the new kind of interest in classical mythology that arose in the French Renaissance, and in Klaus Hempfer’s contribution on allegorical readings of the epic in sixteenth-century Italy. Referring already in the title to the consequences for the theory of interpretation of the allegoresis, Hempfer’s study highlights another important goal of the book—namely, to establish a dialogue between the historical research on the specific problem of allegory/allegoresis and the theoretical reflection upon the transhistorical categories that scholars use in their research. This is probably the most valuable feature of the book, the one that makes it possible to read it as a collection of separate essays each dedicated to an independent topic not even limited to the Renaissance (the last study, for example, is about Elio Vittorini’s Conversazione in Sicilia), and also as a collective attempt to define through a historical approach categories that have challenged theorists from the Middle Ages up to modern and postmodern philosophy. The topics (and also the length) of the essays being extremely diverse, the fact that the volume lacks a comprehensive bibliography is certainly justifiable. However, an index would have been helpful in unifying the themes of the collection, and, more importantly, a bibliography at the end of each article would have made the search for references easier. That lacuna notwithstanding, this is a valuable book whose essays both individually contribute to their fields and collectively provide a model for historically and theoretically grounded research.

Field of study: History
Experimental investigation of mechanisms of parametric generation of stimulated Raman scattering components

The results are given of an experimental investigation of parametric processes which govern the structure of the angular distribution of the intensity of the second Stokes and two anti-Stokes components of the stimulated Raman scattering in liquid nitrogen. The investigation was made using a collimated pump beam with a large transverse cross section. The angular structure of the first Stokes component included a highly directional peak against the background of diffuse radiation. These conditions made it possible to observe simultaneously for the first time three types of parametric generation at the second Stokes frequency. The observed angular spectra of the Raman components were explained on the basis of the theory of parametric interactions between plane waves. The reliable interpretation of the angular spectra and the high experimental precision made it possible to correct and extend the long-wavelength edge of the dispersion curve of liquid nitrogen at T = 77 °K.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Assessment of hygiene practices of pork retail outlets in Kampala district, Uganda

This study was conducted to map the distribution of pork retail outlets as well as assess their role in food borne disease transmission. Using a structured questionnaire, practices associated with hygiene related to infrastructure, workers, and equipment were assessed. Sources of pork were assessed to determine whether pork had undergone inspection, as were socio economic determinants of hygiene outcomes and risk factors for foodborne disease. There were 158 pork outlets in the five divisions of Kampala. Overall, 68% of the pork was from places where slaughtering was not authorized (ungazetted) and meat inspection not carried out. Worker hygiene score was highest (average 71%), followed by infrastructure (68.2%) and equipment (47.3%). There was a significant relation between good hygiene and the presence of a public health certificate. However only 42% of the outlets had a public health certificate. Holding a public health certificate is an important predictor of good practices.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Surface diffusion in molecular beam epitaxy of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub n-1/Cu/sub n/O/sub x/

Thin films of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CuO/sub 6+x/ (2201) phase have been tilted SrTiO/sub 3/ [001] substrates by co-deposition method, and Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8+x/ (2212) phase by interruption technique. The surface diffusion characteristics the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of both phases have also been investigated by using in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The periodic RHEED intensity oscillations and recovery process been analyzed for 2201 and 2212 phases.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Solution for the broadcasting in the Kademlia peer-to-peer overlay

Structured peer-to-peer networks are capable of fast and efficient lookup operations as a distributed hash table. The topology of these networks makes it possible to send broadcast messages among nodes, either for the purpose of providing a complex query service for participants, or to disseminate information valuable for all nodes. In this article a broadcast algorithm for the Kademlia XOR topology is presented. The algorithm, which was developed specifically for Kademlia, uses replication mechanisms similar to that of the storage and retrieval service of this overlay topology. This allows for increased reliability and speed of the broadcast, and also efficient operation, as the routing table for lookups are already available and can be used. An analytical model is presented, which can be used to calculate the required level of replication for any desired reliability at runtime, and is validated with simulation as well.

Field of study: Computer science
A Method for Normalizing Microarrays Using Genes That Are Not Differentially Expressed

One of the more challenging, yet easily overlooked, aspects of the analysis of microarrays is how to normalize arrays so that comparisons can be made across arrays. Most studies that utilize microarrays to detect differential gene expression between samples find the data only enable one to conclude that a handful of genes are differentially expressed. The basic idea here is to use the genes that are not differentially expressed to conduct the normalization. Of course, because one cannot determine which genes are differentially expressed until the normalization is conducted, this is a nontrivial problem. Here a general framework and computational method (using the Gibbs sampler) is devised to allow for such normalization. We apply the method to a gene expression experiment aimed at furthering our understanding of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a major source of economic loss in the swine industry.

Field of study: Mathematics
Observation and theoretical description of periodic geometric rearrangement in electronically excited nonstoichiometric sodium-fluoride clusters.

We present two-color fs pump-probe spectra of Na2F which were recorded by employing excitation wavelengths around 1208 nm (pump) and ionization wavelengths around 405 nm (probe). The observed oscillatory structure of the signal with a period of 185 fs shows an excellent agreement with our simulated spectra. The employed ab initio Wigner distribution approach provides clear evidence that this observation is caused by photoinduced metal bond breaking followed by a butterfly-type periodic geometric rearrangement.

Field of study: Physics
Indicator System Construction of Water Environment Pressure Zoning Based on Ecosystem

To scientific and rational complete water environment pressure zoning,it is the key and foundation to build the indicator system of water environment pressure zoning.Considering systemic and interconnectedness of water environment pressure involving,it is necessary to select indicator of water environment pressure zoning from ecosystem perspective.As the interconnectedness of water environment pressure involving and overlap of information in the characterization indicators,in order to avoid repeated expression of information,reduce unnecessary workload and avoid interference caused by redundant indicators,indicators were filtered and main representative indicators were selected.Accordingly principles of indicators selecting and a route of zoning indicator system were developed,zoning indicator system framework was established by frequency statistics,theoretical analysis,correlation analysis and variability analysis method.The indicator selection of water environment pressure zoning for Luohe,Pingdingshan was completed,with indicators of population density,water resource per unit area and industrial structure as zoning indicators,which reflect better natural and man-made elements of water environment pressure.

Field of study: Environmental science
Periodicity and synchronization in blood-stage malaria infection

Malaria fever is highly periodic and is associated with the parasite replication cycles in red blood cells. The existence of periodicity in malaria infection demonstrates that parasite replication in different red blood cells is synchronized. In this article, rigorous mathematical analysis of an age-structured human malaria model of infected red blood cells (Rouzine and McKenzie, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:3473–3478, 2003) is provided and the synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages is investigated. By using the replication rate as the bifurcation parameter, the existence of Hopf bifurcation in the age-structured malaria infection model is obtained. Numerical simulations indicate that synchronization with regular periodic oscillations (of period 48 h) occurs when the replication rate increases. Therefore, Kwiatkowski and Nowak’s observation ( 1991) that synchronization could be generated at modest replication rates is confirmed.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
One Lonely Knight: Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer, and: Yesterday's Faces, Volume Two: Strange Days (review)

Over the years, the Popular Press of Bowling Green State University has been responsible for much of the best and worst criticism of popular fictional genres. The two books here reviewed present part of the spectrum of the press's success and failure. Let's enter near the bottom so we can come out on top. "Critics usually miss the point with Spillane," Max Allan Collins and James L. Traylor assert early in One Lonely Knight. Still, even Spillane's severest critics must admit, the authors continue, that Mike Hammer's creator is a master, in severe critic Anthony Boucher's words, of "compelling you to read the next page." Perhaps. I, however, suffer a different if related debility as reviewer: I feel I may have missed the point not of Spillane but of One Lonely Knight, though I do confess to having felt compelled to turn its pages, often hoping the next would be better than the last, occasionally hoping the next would be the last.

Field of study: Art
Low methanol permeable and high proton-conducting Nafion/calcium phosphate composite membrane for DMFC

Calcium phosphate (CP)/Nafion composite membranes were fabricated by incorporating CP into Nafion structure for the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). This composite membrane showed lower methanol crossover compared to cast Nafion and Nafion® 117. This is likely to be due to high crystallinity and low water uptake content in the composite membranes. In addition, the composite membranes containing CP2.5% and CP5% showed higher proton conductivity than cast Nafion from 50 to 100 °C. In relation to high proton conductivity, the absorption vibration at 2360 cm −1 corresponding to sulfonic acid bridge represents high thermal stability in the composite membranes even at high temperature. Focused ion beam (FIB) micrograph displays well-developed three-dimensional channels in the surface and cross-section area within the composite membrane, allowing the various conducting paths and high conductivity.

Field of study: Materials science
Enhancement of L-lysine production in methylotroph Methylophilus methylotrophus by introducing a mutant LysE exporter.

The obligate methylotroph Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 expressing a mutant form of dapA (dapA24) encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase desensitized from feedback inhibition by L-lysine could secrete L-lysine into the medium, but also maintained a high concentration of intracellular L-lysine. To improve the yield from excretion, we attempted to introduce an L-lysine/L-arginine exporter (LysE) from Corynebacterium glutamicum 2256 into M. methylotrophus. We were unable to stably transform M. methylotrophus with a plasmid expressing the wild type lysE gene, but happened to obtain a transformant carrying a spontaneously mutated lysE gene (designated lysE24) which could induce L-lysine production even in the wild type strain. The transformant also possessed increased tolerance to S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (an L-lysine analog). lysE24 has a single-base insertion mutation in the middle of the lysE gene, and its product is presumably quite different in structure from wild-type LysE. When lysE24 was introduced into an L-lysine producer of M. methylotrophus carrying dapA24, the level of intracellular L-lysine fell. During fermentation, M. methylotrophus carrying both lysE24 and dapA24 produced 10-fold more L-lysine (11.3 gl(-1) in jar-fermentation) than the parent producer carrying only dapA24 or lysE24. These results show the importance of the factor (lysE24) involved in the excretion of L-lysine on its overproduction in M. methylotrophus.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Acquisition and maintenance of matching without a required observing response.

Two experiments demonstrated that matching-to-sample performance was improved when an explicit observing response was required to the sample stimulus. The first experiment demonstrated that fewer training sessions were required to establish matching with than matching without such a response. The second experiment demonstrated the dependence of established matching accuracy upon this observing response and the development in two of three subjects of a new overt observing response even when none was required by the experimenter.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology