nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary crystallographic studies of citrate synthase from an Antarctic psychrotolerant bacterium.

Recombinant citrate synthase from a psychrotolerant bacterium, DS2-3R, recently isolated in Antarctica, has been crystallized. The crystals belong to space group P6122 or P6522, with cell dimensions a = b = 70.8, c = 307.8 A. Diffraction data collected on a synchrotron from a cryoprotected crystal extends to at least 2.0 A. Knowledge of the structure of this enzyme will add to the understanding of cold activity and thermolability, and will be of biotechnological interest. Previously, the structure of citrate synthase from Archaea inhabiting environments at 328 and 373 K, has been reported. This present study will extend our understanding of the structural integrity and activity of proteins at the temperature extremes of life.

Field of study: Chemistry
Role of the inelastic transfer channel in elastic 16O + 12C scattering over a wide range of energies

The main aim of this work was to study the elastic 16O + 12C scattering reaction over a wide range of energies and to analyze the effect of the elastic and inelastic α cluster transfer channels on the cross section for elastic scattering into the rear hemisphere. It is shown that allowing for the coupling of the entrance channels improves the theoretical description of the cross section in the region of wide angles.

Field of study: Physics
A Unified Neural Network Approach for Estimating Travel Time and Distance for a Taxi Trip

In building intelligent transportation systems such as taxi or rideshare services, accurate prediction of travel time and distance is crucial for customer experience and resource management. Using the NYC taxi dataset, which contains taxi trips data collected from GPS-enabled taxis [23], this paper investigates the use of deep neural networks to jointly predict taxi trip time and distance. We propose a model, called ST-NN (Spatio-Temporal Neural Network), which first predicts the travel distance between an origin and a destination GPS coordinate, then combines this prediction with the time of day to predict the travel time. The beauty of ST-NN is that it uses only the raw trips data without requiring further feature engineering and provides a joint estimate of travel time and distance. We compare the performance of ST-NN to that of state-of-the-art travel time estimation methods, and we observe that the proposed approach generalizes better than state-of-the-art methods. We show that ST-NN approach significantly reduces the mean absolute error for both predicted travel time and distance, about 17% for travel time prediction. We also observe that the proposed approach is more robust to outliers present in the dataset by testing the performance of ST-NN on the datasets with and without outliers.

Field of study: Computer science
Influence of the expansion of private spaces on modern sports culture

The acknowledge and protection of private spaces are the embodiment of human beings' respect for their tremendous differences,and also the result of social development and advancement.The expansion of modern pri-vate spaces has produced importance influence on the development of modern sports culture.Firstly,the expansion of private spaces optimized the survival space of sport culture,enabled sports culture to get rid of its tool attribute to a remarkable extent,and to blend into people's day to day life.Meanwhile,the expansion of private spaces rebuilt sports culture itself,drew sport closer to the masses,and boosted the formation of new sports concepts.Lastly,the expansion of private spaces made body narration possible and body images in sports culture richer than ever,and aroused people's long surprised desires,pleasures and impulses.

Field of study: Education
No association between LRP5 gene polymorphisms and bone and obesity phenotypes in Chinese male-offspring nuclear families

To investigate the effect of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene polymorphisms on bone and obesity phenotypes in young Chinese men.A total of 1244 subjects from 411 Chinese nuclear families were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique at the Q89R, N740N, and A1330V sites in the LRP5 gene. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and the hip, total fat mass and total lean mass were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between LRP5 gene polymorphisms and peak BMD, body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, total lean mass and percentage of fat mass was assessed using a quantitative transmission disequilibrium test No significant within-family associations were found between genotypes or haplotypes of the LRP5 gene and peak BMD, BMI, total fat mass, total lean mass and percentage of fat mass. The 1000 permutations that were subsequently simulated were in agreement with these within-family association results.Our results suggest that common polymorphic variations of the LRP5 gene do not influence peak bone mass acquisition and obesity phenotypes in young Chinese men.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Comparison of posterior fossa exploration and stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with previously nonsurgically treated idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECT
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly performed in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, and numerous investigators have found that facial pain outcomes after this procedure are better for patients in whom prior surgery did not fail. Researchers in some centers claim that the results of SRS are equivalent to posterior fossa exploration (PFE). The goal in this study was to verify that claim.



Information was retrieved from a prospectively maintained database of patients less than 70 years old with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who underwent PFE (55 patients) or SRS (28 patients) as their initial surgery between 1999 and 2004. Of the two groups, patients who underwent radiosurgery were older (60.5 compared with 50.7 years, p<0.001). Microvascular decompression was performed in 49 patients (89%) and partial nerve section was performed in six (11%) in the PFE group. The mean maximum dose for SRS was 89.1 Gy. At a mean follow-up duration of 25.5 months, patients who had undergone PFE were more commonly pain free without medications (75% at 1 year, 72% at 3 years) compared with the patients treated with SRS (59% at 1 and 3 years; p = 0.01). Additional surgery was performed in 10 patients (18%) after PFE, compared with eight patients (29%) after SRS (p = 0.4). Eight patients (15%) had either new facial numbness (six cases) or dysesthesias (two cases) after PFE, whereas 12 (43%) had either new facial numbness (eight cases) or dysesthesias (four cases) after SRS. No correlation was noted between the development of facial numbness and facial pain outcome after PFE (p = 0.37), whereas patients in whom trigeminal dysfunction developed after radiosurgery were more frequently free of pain (p = 0.02).



The results support PFE as a more effective primary surgery than SRS in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Moreover, injury to the trigeminal nerve during PFE is not required to achieve excellent facial pain outcomes.

Field of study: Medicine
Status inconsistency and drinking patterns among working men and women.

Previous research suggests that status inconsistents constitute a social category that is vulnerable to embarrassments and disappointments, since individuals who are of high status on one dimension and low status on another tend to respond to themselves in terms of the higher status, while other people tend to respond to them in terms of the lower one. This article extends this research to patterns of alcohol consumption and finds that status and status inconsistency are significantly associated with frequency of consumption and quantity consumed per occasion among certain groups of drinkers.

Field of study: Medicine
Residual interaction in Second RPA with density-dependent forces. Rearrangement terms

AbstractWe derive the expression for the residual interaction to be used in the framework of the Second RPA with density-dependentforces.The adopted procedure is based on a variational approach. It is found that the residual interaction to be used in RPA and beyondRPA matrix elements is not the same as far as the rearrangement terms are concerned. A detailed derivation of the matrix elementscoupling 1 particle-1 hole with 2 particle-2 hole and 2 particle-2 hole among themselves has been done and the correspondingrearrangement terms are shown here. This formal result indicates that both the currently used prescriptions, namely (i) using thesame type of rearrangement terms in RPA and beyond RPA matrix elements or (ii) neglecting the rearrangement terms in beyondRPA matrix elements, are not correct. Variational method, second random-phase approximation, residual interactionPACS: 21.30.-x, 21.60.-n, 21.60.JzThe RPA is a widely used microscopic approach adopted tostudy collective modes which can be interpreted in terms of vi-brations. In nuclear physics, the employmentof this model witheﬀective density-dependent interactions allows to successfullydescribe giant resonances and low-lying excitation modes.Thesecond RPA (SRPA) is a natural extension of the RPA where2 particle-2 hole (2p-2h) excitations are included together withthe usual RPA 1 particle-1hole(1p−1h)conﬁgurations,provid-ing in this way a richer description of the excitation modes. Onthe other hand, the manifestation of new exotic modes in unsta-ble nuclei has produced an increasing interest in the context ofnuclear structure and the inclusion of complex conﬁguratio nscoupled among themselves may play a crucial role in the de-scription of these phenomena. Moreover, some low-energy ex-citations like the ﬁrst 0

Field of study: Physics
Protective role of IL-18 -137G/C polymorphism in a North Indian population with asthma: a pilot study.

IL-18, a pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in innate as well as acquired immunity, has been implicated in asthma etiology and this is the first study investigating the role of IL-18 -137G/C (rs 187238) promoter polymorphism in asthma pathogenesis in a North Indian population.



A pilot study was conducted with a total of 824 subjects, out of which 410 were asthma patients including 323 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and 414 healthy controls from regions of North India. Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-Primer ARMS PCR) was used for genotyping the IL-18 -137G/C polymorphism.



While the homozygous wild (GG) genotype was equally prevalent in asthma patients as well as control subjects (70.0%), the homozygous mutant (CC) genotype was more prevalent among the controls (8.0%) than in asthma patients (3.4%), which yielded a significant protection or decreased risk towards asthma. Statistical analysis revealed Odds Ratio (OR)=0.43 (95% CI=0.21-0.85), Chi2 (χ2)=6.93 and p-value=0.008 (p<0.005). Moreover, a few asthma phenotypic traits also revealed significant protective associations with the polymorphism.



The IL-18 -137G/C polymorphism confers a significant protection from asthma in the studied North Indian population. This is the first study to report the protective association of the polymorphism with the disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Effects of extraction solvents on phenolic content and antioxidant properties of Pistacia atlantica Desf fruits from Algeria.

The dry fruits of Pistacia atlantica were extracted with solvents of various polarity. Phenolic contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocaleu method, the reducing power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity were also determined. The total phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity are tightly dependent of the extracting solvent. The higher polyphenol content was observed for the crude methanolic extract, with value of 285.95 ± 10.25 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry matter (GAE/ g DW). A high correlation was observed between phenolic content and antioxidant activity.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS AND DEVICES: Nonlinear susceptibility of InSb at the wavelength of 10.6

The nonlinear susceptibilities of InSb were determined at 10.6 µ and their relaxation times were found. In the case of noncoherent signal and reference waves the reflection due to the four-wave interaction was found to be dominated by the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) ≈10−7 cgs esu with a relaxation time ~10−11 sec. In the coherent interaction case the reflection was dominated by the fifth-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(5)≈10−8 cgs esu with a relaxation time ~10−8 sec.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
PALEOCURRENTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR PRECAMBRIAN QUARTZITES

Data on the attitude of the cross-bedding in the Sioux, Baraboo, Waterloo, Barron, Sturgeon, Mesnard, Mississagi, and Lorrain quartzites, all of Precambrian age, are summarized. The azimuth and inclination of the cross-bedding, corrected for tilt of the beds, show a regional uniformity and a remarkable persistence through time. The prevailing southeasterly dip of the cross-laminations shows that these deposits were derived from a highland north and northwest of their present outcrops.

The inclination of the cross-laminations, tilt-corrected, commonly exceeds the angle of repose. Inasmuch as the corrected mean inclination in a given area is closely correlated with the mean dip of the strata and varies also with the position of the cross-strata on a fold, the cross-laminations are vectors rotated by internal shear of the quartzite during folding.

Field of study: Geology
Xylem dysfunction caused by water stress and freezing in two species of co-occurring chaparral shrubs

Water transport from the roots to leaves in chaparral shrubs of California occurs through xylem vessels and tra-cheids. The formation of gas bubbles in xylem can block water transport (gas embolism), leading to shoot dieback. Two environmental factors that cause gas embolism formation in xylem conduits are drought and freezing air temperatures. We compared the differential vulnerabili-ties of Rhus laurina and Ceanothus megacarpus, co-domi-nant shrub species in the coastal regions of the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California, to both water stress-induced and freezing-induced embolism of their xylem. Rhus laurina has relatively large xylem vessel diameters, a deep root system, and a large basal burl from which it vigorously resprouts after wildfire or freezing injury. In contrast, Ceanothus megacarpus has small-diameter vessels, a shallow root system, no basal burl and is a non-sprouter after shoot removal by wildfire. We found that R. laurina became 50% embolized at a water stress of -3 MPa and 100% embolized by a freeze-thaw cycle at all hydration levels. In contrast, C. megacarpus became 50% embolized at a water stress of -9 MPa and 100% embolized by freeze-thaw events only at water potentials lower than -3 MPa. Reducing thaw rates from 0.8 °C min -1 to 0.08 °C min -1 (the normal thaw rate measured in situ) had no effect on embolism formation in R. laurina but significantly reduced embolism occurrence in well-hydrated C. megacarpus (embolism reduced from 74 to 35%). These results were consistent with the theory of gas bubble formation and dissolution in xylem sap. They also agree with field observations of differential shoot dieback in these two species after a natural freeze-thaw event in the Santa Monica Mountains.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Baltic States after Independence

The reviewer benefited from discussions with Professor John C. Spychalski (Pennsylvania State University) and Professor Emeritus L. L. Waters (Indiana University) on current issues in the motor carrier industry. \. Economic regulation involves all or part of the control of an industry's prices, earnings, investment, adequacy of service, and entry or exit conditions. Social regulation focuses on issues pertaining to the environment, public health and safety, product safety, and occupational health and well-being. It can both encompass and go beyond market externalities.

Field of study: Economics
Selective dry etching of InGaP over GaAs in inductively coupled plasmas

By exploiting the relatively high volatility of In etch products in CH4/H2 discharges, we were able to obtain a maximum selectivity for InGaP over GaAs of ∼20 at low ion energies and fluxes. Three different inert gas additives to CH4/H2 were examined, with Ar producing higher selectivities than He or Xe. This process is attractive for selective removal of the InGaP emitter in the fabrication of heterojunction bipolar transistors.

Field of study: Materials science
Analog model for quantum gravity effects: phonons in random fluids.

We describe an analog model for quantum gravity effects in condensed matter physics. The situation discussed is that of phonons propagating in a fluid with a random velocity wave equation. We consider that there are random fluctuations in the reciprocal of the bulk modulus of the system and study free phonons in the presence of Gaussian colored noise with zero mean. We show that, in this model, after performing the random averages over the noise function a free conventional scalar quantum field theory describing free phonons becomes a self-interacting model.

Field of study: Physics
Developing Competencies for Health System Impact: Early Lessons Learned from the Health System Impact Fellows

The Health System Impact (HSI) Fellowship program provides highly qualified post-doctoral fellows studying health services and policy research (HSPR) with opportunities for experiential learning, enriched core competency development and mentorship from senior-level leaders within health system organizations. Its overall aim is to prepare post-doctoral fellows with the research and professional skills, experiences and networks to make meaningful and impactful contributions in careers in academic and applied health system settings.  This study examined whether this HSI Fellowship program has contributed to the development of enriched core competencies in HSPR.  A competency assessment tool was developed and administered to the 46 fellows and their health system and academic supervisors from the inaugural HSI Fellowship cohort. Fellows' self-assessments at baseline, three months and 12 months were analyzed, along with supervisors' assessments at three and 12 months. Descriptive analyses were used to examine competency development over time. Differences by gender and between supervisor and fellow ratings were analyzed.  HSI fellows' self-assessments indicate that they strengthened their skills in all 10 enriched core competencies. Supervisors' assessments of the fellows' competencies also improved from baseline to 12 months. Gender differences at baseline disappeared by the 12-month assessment.  The HSI Fellowship provides an opportunity to develop the full suite of enriched core competencies, particularly in competency domains that are not currently emphasized in HSPR doctoral curriculum.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Band-structure effects in the hot-carrier emission spectrum of GaAs FET devices

We have measured the hot-electron luminescence of GaAs HEMT devices over a broad spectral range in the infrared (0.4-1.4 eV). The emission intensity has spectral features suggesting that k-conserving, interconduction-band transitions dominate the emission process. The interpretation of emission spectra in terms of a hot-carrier distribution requires consideration of band-structure effects. In general this tends to reduce values of electron temperature Tel determined by the exponential fit to the experiment.

Field of study: Materials science
Latest Oligocene-Late Miocene lacustrine systems of the north-central part of the Ebro Basin (Spain): sedimentary facies model and palaeogeographic synthesis

In the central part of the Ebro Basin (Spain), north of the Ebro River, three allostratigraphic or tectosedimentary units differentiated within the latest Oligocene–Late Miocene (upper Agenian–Vallesian) interval are sedimentologically characterized. These deposits represent carbonate and sulphate lacustrine environments fed by Pyrenean alluvial systems (Luna system and Huesca system). In each unit, several facies associations or lithofacies were mapped. These interfinger through time: gypsum lithofacies occupy the southernmost part of the study area and are surrounded by carbonate and/or detrital lithofacies to the north. Each lithofacies consists of different carbonate, sulphate and/or detrital facies, arranged in simple sequences, decimetres to metres thick. The four types of sequences characterized reflect a complex shallowing evolution involving carbonate or sulphate contexts. Thus, each lithofacies represents the sedimentation in a particular lacustrine or alluvial subenvironment. A single lacustrine system is proposed for the central part of the basin. Its evolution followed cycles of water level variations, which caused kilometre-scale migrations of the lake shoreline. In this model, two distinct situations or lakes alternated through time. (a) One represents high levels associated with a single body of dilute carbonate water, where massive carbonate facies formed influenced by organism proliferation. These lakes had wide palustrine vegetated margins, in which bioturbated facies developed. (b) The other represents low levels that correspond to a playa-lake model. Laminated sulphate deposits formed in the lake waters, while nodular gypsum originated in the surrounding saline mud flats and within the exposed, previously deposited carbonate sediments. Transitions from one situation to the other, including minor water level fluctuations within carbonate sedimentation conditions, were marked by the development of laminated and stromatolitic facies. Lake level variations were caused by climatic cycles and gave rise to the simple sequences and to the lithofacies lateral relationships recognized in this study. Correlation among tectosedimentary units in the studied Pyrenean domain and in the Iberian domain of the Ebro Basin shows that for units N1 and N2 the facies that resulted from dilute carbonate waters are rare in the lacustrine areas of the Iberian margin. This indicates that a strong hydrological contrast existed between both regions. On this basis, a theoretical asymmetrical facies model is proposed for the single lacustrine basin that extended over these regions.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
SoftMF: A Software Defined Moving Fingerprinting Framework for Proactive Security Policies Enforcement

Networks such as in campuses and enterprises are suffering enormous attacks and threats. Traditional solutions are passive in nature, which lacks effective and speedy threat detection and mitigation abilities. This work combines flow watermarking with software-defined technology to propose a novel watermarking-based dynamic fingerprinting framework, called SoftMF (Software-defined Moving Fingerprinting), which introduces a watermark hopping mechanism integrated into edge switches and actively injects dynamic watermarks into network traffic. These dynamic watermarks are used as flows’ fingerprints for active security policy enforcement. SoftMF supports flexible and active defense strategies, such as access control, flow linking, stepping-stone detection and attack backtracking.

Field of study: Engineering