nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new hole mobility model for hydrodynamic simulation

A new self-consistent hole mobility model that includes the lattice and the hole temperature has been proposed. By including the lattice and hole temperatures as well as the effective transverse field and the interface fixed charge, the model predicts the saturation of the hole drift velocity and shows the effects of Coulomb scattering, surface phonon scattering, and surface roughness scattering. The model has been incorporated into a device simulation program, SNU-2D. The simulation results have been compared with the reported experimental data and the measured 0.1 μm pMOSFETs, and they are shown to agree quite well. The new model is expected to estimate the characteristics of very short-channel devices in the hydrodynamic model simulations.

Field of study: Engineering
Ethanol and naloxone differentially upregulate delta opioid receptor gene expression in neuroblastoma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.

We have used a sensitive solution hybridization assay with a riboprobe transcribed from the coding sequence of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) to quantitate the changes in DOR mRNA transcript levels following exposure of NG108-15 cells to ethanol and/or the opioid antagonist, naloxone. Incubation of NG108-15 cells with 200 mM ethanol or 1 microM naloxone, treatments that have previously been shown to upregulate DOR binding, increased DOR mRNA transcript levels 2 to 3 fold. DOR mRNA levels peaked at 24 to 48 h after exposure to either ethanol or naloxone. At 168 h, DOR mRNA levels in NG108-15 cells exposed to naloxone had returned to control (untreated) levels while the levels in ethanol treated cells remained nearly equal to peak values. Exposure to a combination of ethanol plus naloxone for 24 h produced an additive effect, so that DOR mRNA transcripts were increased 3 fold. Northern blot analysis identified six DOR transcript bands ranging in size from 8.7 to 2.1 kb. The above treatments increased each of the six bands proportionately, so that no difference was observed in the fraction of the total hybridization signal produced by each band of the Northern blot. These results demonstrate that each of the DOR transcripts in NG108-15 cells are subject to homologous (naloxone) as well as heterologous (ethanol) upregulation.

Field of study: Biology
Single species growth consuming inorganic carbon with internal storage in a poorly mixed habitat

This paper presents a PDE system modeling the growth of a single species population consuming inorganic carbon that is stored internally in a poorly mixed habitat. Inorganic carbon takes the forms of “CO2” (dissolved CO2 and carbonic acid) and “CARB” (bicarbonate and carbonate ions), which are substitutable in their effects on algal growth. We first establish a threshold type result on the extinction/persistence of the species in terms of the sign of a principal eigenvalue associated with a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. If the habitat is the unstirred chemostat, we add biologically relevant assumptions on the uptake functions and prove the uniqueness and global attractivity of the positive steady state when the species persists.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
An experimental study on how to develop a fine personality of students through physical education

The experiment was performed to explore how to develop a fine personality of student in high middle school through teaching experiment for three years,in which the traditional curriculum, achievement evaluation and teaching methods were altered. 748 students in Luxun high middle school in were recruited in this study.The results suggested that teaching according to personalities of students helps to develop a fine personality of student and to improve quality of student generally.

Field of study: Education
Dual mode superconducting planar filters based on slotted square resonators

A new kind of dual-mode filter based on cross and transverse slotted square resonators is presented. A pair of unequal crossed slots formed on a square patch resonator provides both a reduction of the filter size and a simple and controllable way to couple the two degenerate modes. Transverse cuts opportunely realized on the patch further decrease the operating frequency without any appreciable change in the power handling capability of the device. Three examples of single stage filters operating in C-band with 1% and 10% fractional bandwidth are designed with a commercial 2.5D software and fabricated using Nb and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films grown on LaAlO/sub 3/ [100] substrates. The filters response is characterized at different temperatures and the insurgence of non-linearity investigated varying the input power and carrying out intermodulation measurements.

Field of study: Physics
Extrarenal Wilms tumor in children: A retrospective observational case series.

Pediatric extrarenal Wilms tumor (ERWT) is rare. The diversity of clinical characteristics makes diagnosis, treatment and judging the prognosis difficult. Long-term follow-up outcomes and the possible prognostic factors of ERWT are still insufficient.



To identify the characteristics, therapeutic strategies and long-term results of pediatric ERWT.



All children with ERWT in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) system was used to evaluate tumor grade.



Among the 876 patients with Wilms tumor in our institution between January 1986 and July 2018, 5 (0.57%) patients had ERWT. Of the 5 children with ERWT, the locations were the retroperitoneum in 3 patients (including 1 presacral) and the gubernaculum testis of an undescended testis and a duplicate sigmoid colon in 1 patient each. Two patients were stage II, and 3 patients were stage III. The three patients with larger tumor sizes had preoperative tumor rupture. In the long-term follow-up, ranging from 1.0 to 10.8 years, 3 patients had disease-free survival, and 2 patients with older age, a larger tumor size and preoperative tumor rupture had recurrence with metastasis, including 1 death.



Wilms tumor extremely rarely originates outside the kidney. The current case series represents the first report of ERWT accompanied by a duplicate sigmoid colon. ERWT can coassociate with congenital gastrointestinal and genitourinary system anomalies, such as undescended testis and duplicate sigmoid colon, which provide clues to the preoperative diagnosis of ERWT. Deep and not easily palpated locations for the ERWT and older ages were associated with diagnosis delay, which can lead to enlargement of the tumor, an increased risk of preoperative tumor rupture and advancement of the tumor stage. Although only 3% of ERWT cases were metastatic according to previous reports, 2 of 5 patients (patients 1 and 4) with older age, larger tumor size and preoperative tumor rupture had recurrence and metastases in the current study. Thus, patients with poor prognoses often require aggressive combination treatments, and more attention is needed in terms of the recurrence, metastases and fatality of ERWT.



ERWTs are rare tumors and can coassociate with congenital gastrointestinal and genitourinary system anomalies. The prognosis of ERWT is comparable to that of Wilms tumor located at normal anatomical sites.

Field of study: Medicine
Judges and Politics: The Parliamentary Contributions of the Law Lords 1876–2009

There is a common perception that, prior to the exclusion of serving judges from the House of Lords in 2009, a ‘politics convention’ operated which required judges to avoid party-political controversy and ensured that they contributed to debate only rarely. On this view, the presence of the Law Lords in parliament prior to 2009 presented a judicial independence and separation of powers problem in theory only. An examination of the contributions of serving Law Lords and other judicial peers to debates in the House of Lords from 1876–2009 (and retired judges from 1876–2015) reveals that the convention either did not exist or was frequently ignored. While most judges were infrequent participants in parliamentary debate, some were enthusiastic – a small number among the most active parliamentarians in the Lords. The most active judicial peers were conservative in their politics and the best predictor that a judge would be active in the House was an association with conservative politics or causes.

Field of study: Law
The contextually controlled, feature-mediated classification of symbols.

The classification of names of people or objects based on the features acquired by the names and the sorting instructions provided is a commonplace occurrence. For example, given the names Renoir, Pollock, James and Voltaire the average adult would be able to classify them differentially based on the instruction to classify them based on vocation or nationality. In general, such a repertoire reflects the reclassification of symbols (i.e, the names of individuals) in terms of contextual cues (instructions to sort by vocation or nationality) and the features acquired by the symbols (the specific nationalities and vocations). The present experiment studied this phenomenon with the use of arbitrary stimuli that did not have clear preexperimental associations. Two of 4 participants classified the symbols into different equivalence classes based on the prevailing contextual cues and the features that had been acquired by the symbols. Using an ABA reversal design we then demonstrated that 1 participant classified the symbols in accordance with the contextual cues and acquired features when present, but not in the absence of the contextual cues. A 3rd participant showed symbol classification that differed from that predicted by the procedures, and the 4th classified the symbols based on one set of features but not on context. These data describe one set of conditions that could account for the establishment of complex classification repertoires that occur in natural settings.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
In Vitro Elution Characteristics of Gentamicin and Vancomycin from Synthetic Bone Graft Substitutes

Beta tricalciumphosphate pellets loaded with individualized antibiotics may represent novel options in the treatment of osteomyelitis and infectious bone disease. Here, the in vitro antibiotic elution of vancomycin and gentamicin from the synthetic bone graft substitutes Cerasorb® and Cerasorb M® was tested.  Antibiotic elution and concentration of gentamcin and vancomycin were measured using photometrically-based measurement and homogeneous particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassays (PETINIA).  Initially both materials showed a high release of the loaded antibiotics, with Cerasorb M® showing lower release levels for gentamicin and vancomycin than Cerasorb®. Gentamicin concentrations of Cerasorb M granules and Cerasorb were below the minimum detectiontreshold until day four and six of the experiment respectively. The vancomycin release-level followed a similar pattern, although the vancomycin concentration eluted by Cerasorb M® granules stayed above the detection threshold during the experimental time.  Cerasorb® and Cersorb M® may represent a new treatment option in osteomyelitis and infectious bone disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Automotive electric scroll compressor: Testing and modeling

The aim of this research is to characterize experimentally and by modeling an electrically driven automotive scroll compressor. The experimental characterization is carried out through 13 tests at compressor speeds varying between 3000 and 5000 rpm. The DC/AC converter used to supply the compressor was characterized through a calorimetric balance, obtaining an efficiency that depends only on the compressor speed, ranging from 92.5%, for a compressor speed of 1500 rpm, to 97.5%, for a compressor speed of 5000 rpm. The experimental results are used to identify the parameters of a semi-empirical compressor model, which is able to predict with an acceptable accuracy the main outputs of the mathematical model: confidence limits on the exhaust temperature of ±1.0 K, on the refrigerant flow rate of ±2 g s−1 and on the compressor power of ±60 W. This model is then used to determine the compressor cooling power at different compressor speeds and condensing pressures.

Field of study: Engineering
List of Publications on the Economic and Social History of Great Britain and Ireland Published in 2000

1. Original documents Anselment, R.A., ed., The remembrances of Elizabeth Freke, 1671-1714 (. Barker, H. and Vincent, D., eds., Language, print and electoral politics, 1790-1832: Newcastle-under-Lyme broadsides.  Boydell. Barlow, J., ed., A calendar of the registers of apprentices of the city of Gloucester, 1595-1700 (. Bartlett, P., ‘Documents and sources: legal madness in the nineteenth century’,  Berg, T. and Berg, P., eds., R.R. Angerstein’s illustrated travel diary, 1753-5: industry in England and Wales from a Swedish perspective.  Bird, Y., ed., A Quaker family in India and Zanzibar, 1863-5: letters from Elizabeth and Henry Jacob: ‘Peacock tails with diamonds’.  Sessions (2000). Blair, J., ‘Estate memoranda of c.1070 from the see of Dorchester-on-Thames’,  Bracken, D., ‘Irish migrants in Paris hospitals, 1702-30: extracts from the registers of Bicêtre, La Charitéé, La Pitié and La Salpetrère’, Archivium Hibernicum, LV, pp. 7-47. Carr, D.R., ed., The first general entry book of the city of Salisbury, 1387-1452 (). Cooper, T., ed., The journal of William Downing: iconoclasm in East Anglia during the English Civil War.  Boydell. Cox, A.D.M. and Darwall-Smith, R.H., eds., Account rolls of University College, Oxford, II:1471/2-1596/7 (. Delaney, E., ed., ‘Irish migration to Britain, 1939-45’, Ir. Econ. . Denton, J. and Taylor, B., ‘The 1291 valuation of the ecclesiastical benefices of Llandaff diocese’,  (1998), pp. 133-58. Durkan, J., ‘Early letters of John Brown, Minim and Report to Propaganda, 1623, by Scots Minims’, Innes Rev., 52, pp. 63-79. Farrant, J.H. et al., Sussex depicted: views and descriptions, 1600-1800 (. Fennessey, I., ‘Two letters from Boetius (Augustine) MacEgan, O.F.M., on the death of Archbishop Florence Conry, O.F.M., 1629’, Collectanea Hibernica, 43, pp. 7-12. Fenning, H., ‘Troy to Bray: letters from Dublin to Thurles, 1792-1817’, Archivium Hibernicum, LV, pp. 48-125. Frantz, P.B., ed., Jane’s letters from Ireland, 1884-6: as seen in the journal of Jane C. Mahon from March 1884 to October 1886.  Pentland (1999). Fyfe, C., ed., Anna Maria Falconbridge, ‘Narrative of two voyages to the River Sierra Leone during the years 1791-1792-1793’, and the journal of Isaac Dubois, with Alexander Falconbridge, ‘An account of the slave trade on the coast of Africa’.  (2000). Gray, T., ed., Travels in Georgian Devon: the illustrated journals of the Reverend John Swete, 1789-1800, 4. Tiverton: Devon Books (2000). Haines, R.M., ‘Three Christchurch (Twynham) indulgences for the repair of bridges and Bishop William of Wykeham’s admonition to the earl of Shrewsbury on account of abuse of his patronage over the priory’, Archives, XXVI, pp. 30-5. Haines, R.M., ‘Looking back in anger: a politically inspired appeal against John XXII’s translation of Bishop Adam Orleton to Winchester (1334)’,

Field of study: Economics, History
Changes of organic acid exudation and rhizosphere pH in rice plants under chromium stress.

The effect of chromium (Cr) stress on the changes of rhizosphere pH, organic acid exudation, and Cr accumulation in plants was studied using two rice genotypes differing in grain Cr accumulation. The results showed that rhizosphere pH increased with increasing level of Cr in the culture solution and with an extended time of Cr exposure. Among the six organic acids examined in this experiment, oxalic and malic acid contents were relatively higher, and had a significant positive correlation with the rhizosphere pH, indicating that they play an important role in changing rhizosphere pH. The Cr content in roots was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves. Cr accumulation in plants was significantly and positively correlated with rhizosphere pH, and the exudation of oxalic, malic and citric acids, suggesting that an increase in rhizosphere pH, and exudation of oxalic, malic and citric acid enhances Cr accumulation in rice plants.

Field of study: Environmental science
Experimental Evaluation of a SiPM-Based Scintillation Detector for MR-Compatible SPECT Systems

In the present work we briefly describe the architecture of a photo-detection module, designed in the framework of the INSERT (INtegrated SPECT/MRI for Enhanced Stratification in Radio-chemoTherapy) project, supported by the European Community. We focus on two main elements of the module: the SiPM photo-detector unit and the multi-channel ASIC. These two components have been investigated with dedicated and independent setups to assess preliminary performance of INSERT architecture. In details, we designed a 25.30 mm ×25.85 mm tile, comprising 9 pixels, each one with an 8 mm ×8 mm active area. We developed an Anger camera to characterize the tile coupled to a CsI:Tl scintillator (6 mm thick). We measured an average spatial resolution (FWHM) of 2 mm in the central region of the Field of View and a 15.3% energy resolution using a 57Co source (122 keV), when the tile is cooled down to 0 ° C to reduce the impact of the dark count rate. Furthermore, we developed ANGUS, a 36-channels 0.35 μm CMOS technology ASIC designed to cope with input capacitance up to 5 nF, typical of large area SiPM pixels. The spectroscopic capability of single readout channels were evaluated by coupling an 8 mm ×8 mm pixel with a cylindrical CsI:Tl scintillator (8 mm diameter, 10 mm thickness). Energy resolution at room temperature provided values between 13% and 13.5% (FWHM) at the 122 keV line for the nine pixels.

Field of study: Physics
Blunt pediatric anterior and posterior urethral trauma: 32-year experience and outcomes.

To analyze our experience with delayed repair of pediatric urethral trauma.



From 1978 to 2007, 26 boys <18 years old (mean age 15.0) presented for delayed repair of urethral stricture after blunt trauma. Anterior and posterior urethral injuries were separately stratified.



There were 8 anterior and 18 posterior urethral strictures. All patients presented in a delayed fashion. Mean follow up of the anterior cohort was 2.9 years. All repairs were performed via a ventral onlay buccal graft or anastomotic approach. The mean follow up of the posterior cohort was 1.1 years, and all posterior urethral injuries were repaired via an anastomotic approach. Overall success for anterior stricture disease was 88.9% and for posterior stricture disease was 89.5%. All three urethroplasty failures responded favorably to internal urethrotomy; however, one failed anterior repair and one of the two failed posterior repairs required two internal urethrotomy operations for success. No secondary urethroplasty operations were required and ultimately all patients were voiding per urethra without need for urethral dilation.



Delayed, definitive repair of pediatric urethral trauma via open urethroplasty has a high success rate.

Field of study: Medicine
OLRIV: a new fast adaptive algorithm for rectangular-block Toeplitz systems

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving overdetermined systems when they are rectangular-block Toeplitz (the blocks can have more rows than columns). It is based on the expression of the matrix of the system to solve as the intercorrelation between two vectorial processes, namely, the original and the instrumental processes. The instrumental process has generally more components than the original one; therefore, it takes the overdetermined character of the system into consideration. The proposed algorithm known as the overdetermined lattice recursive instrumental variable (OLRIV) belongs to the fast-RLS family and lies on a double lattice structure, where one lattice performs the prediction of the original process and the other one the prediction of the instrumental process. The geometric complete derivation of the proposed algorithm is given in the paper. Afterwards, we show how OLRIV can be applied to perform blind adaptive identification of AR channels using high order statistics, where the systems to solve are often overdetermined to ensure identifiability. Both the scalar and the vectorial cases are investigated. Simulation results are finally given to show the performances of OLRIV.

Field of study: Engineering
Between Grexit and Utopia: EU Legal Theory in the Mirror of los indignados

After Syriza’s recent victory in the Greek parliamentary elections, the EU is licking its wounds. Tsipras, the new Greek Prime Minister, has pledged to end the rule of austerity and wants to renegotiate with the so-called troika (European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF)). Representatives of the Northern Member States stress that Greece is to honour all agreements and should repay every penny it received. In the meanwhile, the Podemos-party is eager to copy Syriza’s success in the upcoming elections in Spain. The developments in Greece and Spain should be understood against the background of the protest movements known as los indignados, the outraged. These protests started on 15 May 2011 in Spain. Just as in the Arab countries, the protests consisted in the occupation of major squares in such cities as Madrid and Barcelona. The protesters were angry about several things, including the way in which European austerity measures made their situation only worse and the general loss of autonomy over their lives. One demand, however, lies at the very core of the existence of los indignados: the reinvention of democracy under a horizontal and inclusive  On this topic, the protest movement and the EU seem, in the words of one commentator, ‘lost in communication. Reports regarding one rare meeting between a high official of the EU and four indignados suggest that the latter completely reject the democratic character of EU institutions. They argue that ‘politicians don’t represent us.’3 Behind this statement lies a juxtaposition between representative democracy and its institutions on the one hand and ‘real democracy’ and participation on the other hand.4 The democratic challenge presented by los indignados thus cuts deeper than the EU’s democratic deficit understood as an institutional problem. The latter issue might be solved by giving the European Parliament more competences and a greater influence on the political process. From the perspective of los indignados, however, this would only exacerbate the prob-

Field of study: Philosophy
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF SOLVENT DIFFUSION IN AMORPHOUS GLASSY POLYMER

A mathematical model is proposed for predicting small molecule solvent diffusion coefficients in amorphous glassy polymers, based on free volume theory that is suitable for rubbery polymers, and with the consideration of the plasticization effect induced by the penetrant. Because this model uses the identical conceptual framework in which free volume theory is derived for solvent diffusion in rubbery polymers, parameters used in free volume theory remain valid for this work. Only one parameter is introduced to describe the plasticization effect, and it can be easily estimated by thermodynamic theory about the glass transition temperature depression. Therefore, no adjustable parameters appear in this expression, resulting in its usefulness in prediction. Comparison of the diffusion coefficients calculated by this new model with the present experimental data, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene in polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are performed, calculation results in this study are in good agreement with experimental data, for the correct estimation of the hole-free volume change above and below the glass transition.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science