nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a pigeonpea cyclophilin (CcCYP) gene, and its over-expression in Arabidopsis confers multiple abiotic stress tolerance.

A full-length cDNA clone of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) encoding cyclophilin (CcCYP) has been isolated from the cDNA library of plants subjected to drought stress. Amino acid sequence of CcCYP disclosed similarity with that of single-domain cytosolic cyclophilins of various organisms. Expression profile of CcCYP in pigeonpea plants is strongly induced by different abiotic stresses, indicating its stress-responsive nature. Compared to the control plants, the transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing CcCYP exhibited high-level tolerance against major abiotic stresses, viz., drought, salinity and extreme temperatures as evidenced by increased plant survival, biomass, chlorophyll content and profuse root growth. The CcCYP transgenics, compared to the controls, revealed enhanced peptidyl-propyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity under stressed conditions, owing to transcriptional activation of stress-related genes besides intrinsic chaperonic activity of the cyclophilin. The transgenic plants subjected to salt stress exhibited higher Na(+) ion accumulation in roots as compared to shoots, while a reverse trend was observed in the salt-stressed control plants, implicating the involvement of CcCYP in the maintenance of ion homeostasis. Expression pattern of CcCYP:GFP fusion protein confirmed the localization of CcCYP predominantly in the nucleus as revealed by intense green fluorescence. The overall results amply demonstrate the implicit role of CcCYP in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance at whole-plant level.

Field of study: Environmental science
Parameter estimation based upon nonparametric function estimators

By considering the solution to a linear approximation of a nonlinear regression problem, a procedure for developing a para¬meter estimator, based upon a nonpammetric estimator of a para¬metric function, is given. The resulting estimators, which are determinable in closed form, are asymptotically normally distri¬buted and are optimal among the class of estimators based upon the function estimator. Further, in many cases, the estimator will have the same asymptotic distribution theory as the correspond¬ing maximum likelihood estimator. Estimators based upon the Kaplan-Meier quantile function are developed for randomly censored samples.

Field of study: Mathematics
Methylation of the Human Pendrin Promoter

Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of the human pendrin promoter revealed the presence of a CpG island. We investigated the ability of IL-4 to stimulate pendrin message expression in two separate cell lines: the NCI-H292 lung epithelial cell line and the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-Blue cell line. The expression of pendrin mRNA was significantly increased in both cells types after 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment with IL-4, and interestingly, the increase in pendrin mRNA was greater in the NCI-H292 cells. Methylation of CpG sites within the promoter regions of genes can affect activities of gene promoters and have either positive or negative implications on the transcription and mRNA expression of the particular gene. We quantitatively analyzed the methylation status of 35 CpG sites within the human pendrin promoter in both cell lines. The basal methylation pattern was statistically different at multiple CpG sites between the NCI-H292 and HEK-Blue cells. We propose that the difference in basal methylation between the two cell types may determine a cell-specific response to IL-4 in terms of pendrin mRNA expression.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Thermal annealing effects on the electrophysical characteristics of sputtered MoS2 thin films by Hall effect measurements

Transition-metal dichalcogenide (MoS2) is gaining increasing attention as a promising high-performance material in practical applications because of its wide-range electrical properties. However, the effect of thermal annealing on the electrophysical characteristics of MoS2 remains unclear. In this study, the physical and electrophysical properties of MoS2 thin films were characterized by Hall effect measurements. Large-area and high-quality MoS2 thin films were obtained by RF sputtering and then subjected to ex situ thermal annealing. As the thermal annealing temperature was increased, the crystallinity of the MoS2 thin films improved and the corresponding Fermi level shifted toward the valence band. At thermal annealing temperatures above 900 °C, the conductivity type of the MoS2 thin films changed from the intrinsic n-type to p-type due to the emergence of MoO3. In addition, the orientation of the Hall coefficient was indefinite under thermal annealing, implying the electrical transport anisotropy of the MoS2 thin films, which can be attributed to the spin–orbit coupling of the exposed Mo atoms in the films with sulfur vacancies. Furthermore, the Hall mobility and carrier concentration of the annealed MoS2 thin films were up to 4.40 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 12.5 × 1016 cm−3, respectively, at a Hall testing temperature of 305 K and an external magnetic field of 0.5 T.

Field of study: Materials science
Cadmium accumulation in deer tongue grass (Panicum clandestinum L.) and potential for trophic transfer to microtine rodents.

Site 36 at the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge includes a Cd-contaminated soil dominated by deer tongue grass (Panicum clandestinum L.). Analysis of deer tongue grass from this site indicated that biomass and leaf surface area were reduced and that there was a linear relationship between both plant bioavailable soil Cd and total soil Zn and tissue Cd concentration. The Cd concentrations in stems and leaves were also used to estimate the dietary Cd exposures that might be experienced by prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and pine voles (M. pinetorum) consuming deer tongue grass. Renal and hepatic Cd burdens predicted from exclusive consumption of deer tongue grass would be comparable to those that have resulted in chronic toxicity in rodents. The results suggest that for the contaminated soil at Site 36, conditions could allow for the accumulation of Cd in deer tongue grass to concentrations that may pose an ecological risk.

Field of study: Environmental science
DUCTILITY ANALYSIS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN END-PLATE CONNECTIONS WITH WEB OPENING IN STEEL STRUCTURES

The Beam-to-column end-plate standard connections with web opening are analyzed by Finite Element Program (FE-program) ANSYS. The influence of the opening parameter on the stress distribution in connections, the variety of stress and strain in yield and ultimate elastic bearing capacity are also investigated, and the basic reason for the movement of plastic hinge is revealed. The mechanical performance of different opening parameter connections are compared, in addition, the influence of the end-plate thickness, bolt and opening parameter on the ductility performance of connections are also discussed. The results indicate that the beam-to-column end-plate connection with web opening is a new type aseismic connection, which can be generalized widely.

Field of study: Engineering
Preparation and research of free-standing Zr filter for soft X-ray laser

200 μg/cm~2 free-standing Zr filters of 20 mm in diameter were made by DC magnetron sputtering.Soft X-ray spectral transmittance of the filters was measured in the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory,and the light blocking performance was tested by spectrophotometer.The elements in Zr filters were analyzed using Auger Electron Spectroscopy.The results indicate that Zr filters have good transmittance(19%) at 13.9 nm and perfect visible light blocking properties(43 dB),N,O arisen from background pressure,oxidation and surface contamination are the major species that affect the transmittance of Zr films in the soft X-ray.

Field of study: Physics
Improving general practitioners' knowledge of chronic hepatitis C infection.

Sir,

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects over 170 million individuals worldwide1 and is a major healthcare concern in the UK. Primary care physicians are often the first health-care professionals to see infected individuals. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) still have little knowledge about hepatitis C, despite a public campaign,2 this is comparable with other countries such as Australia and America.3,,4

We attempted to improve knowledge regarding HCV by holding educational programmes consisting of lunch-and-learn sessions accommodating 150 GPs, and assessing knowledge of HCV with a standardized pre-test and post-test questionnaire. We incorporated five key elements into these meetings: value to healthcare staff, incentives, repeated exposures, commitment …

Field of study: Medicine
HCl and ClO in activated Arctic air; first retrieved vertical profiles from TELIS submillimetre limb spectra

The first profile retrieval results of the Terahertz and submillimeter Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon instrument are presented. The spectra are recorded during a 13-h balloon flight on 24 January 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden. The TELIS instrument was mounted on the MIPAS-B2 gondola and shared this platform with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the mini-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (mini-DOAS) instruments. The flight took place within the Arctic vortex at an altitude of ≈34 km in chlorine activated air, and both active (ClO) and inactive chlorine (HCl) were measured over an altitude range of respectively ≈16–32 km and ≈10–32 km. In this altitude range, the increase of ClO concentration levels during sunrise has been recorded with a temporal resolution of one minute. During the daytime equilibrium, a maximum ClO level of 2.1 ± 0.3 ppbv has been observed at an altitude of 23.5 km. This equilibrium profile is validated against the ClO profile by the satellite instrument Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard EOS Aura. HCl profiles have been determined from two different isotopes – H35Cl and H37Cl – and are also validated against MLS. The precision of all profiles is well below 0.01 ppbv and the overall accuracy is therefore governed by systematic effects. The total uncertainty of these effects is estimated to be maximal 0.3 ppbv for ClO around its peak value at 23.5 km during the daytime equilibrium, and for HCl it ranges from 0.05 to 0.4 ppbv, depending on altitude. In both cases the main uncertainty stems from a largely unknown non-linear response in the detector.

Field of study: Environmental science
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Chalcone Synthase Gene from Paphiopedilum orchid

In the present study,a full-length cDNA sequence of a chalcone synthase(CHS) gene was cloned from the flowers of Paphiopedilum concolor Pfitz.by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE),named PcCHS,GenBank accession number JQ030889.Sequence analysis indicated that PcCHS is 1 424 bp in full-length,containing a 5'-untranslated region(5'-UTR) of 106 bp,a 3'-UTR of 133 bp,and an opening reading frame(ORF) of 1 185 bp encoding a 394 predicted amino acids residues,possessing all the conserved active sites for the CHS function as well as the family signature.Sequence alignment revealed that PcCHS shared 80%-82% identities with CHS proteins of the cultivars from Phalaenopsis,Oncidium and Dendrobium in Orchidaceae.Phylogenetic analysis clearly showed that PcCHS was close to the second subgroup of CHS protein family in Orchidaceae.Expression analyses revealed that PcCHS was detected in all six flower bud developmental stages,but showed different expression patterns in tissues examined.The transcripts of PcCHS were the highest levels in mature flowers,moderate levels in columns,lower levels in bracts,ovaries,petals and sepals,lowest levels in lips,and almost no detection in roots,leaves and flower stems.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Detrital zircon geochronology of Neoproterozoic–Lower Cambrian passive-margin strata of the White-Inyo Range, east-central California: Implications for the Mojave–Snow Lake fault hypothesis

Correlation of lithotectonic packages across major transcurrent structures is critical to understanding the tectonic evolution of the North American continental margin. Detrital zircon geochronology of uppermost Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic miogeoclinal strata from the White-Inyo Mountains permits evaluation of: (1) the age and provenance of these metasediments and (2) a model for truncation of the passive margin along a postulated large-magnitude Cretaceous dextral shear zone, i.e., the Mojave–Snow Lake fault. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic Wyman Formation, the uppermost Proterozoic Reed Dolomite (Hines Tongue Member), and clastic strata of the Lower Cambrian Deep Springs, Campito (Montenegro Member), Poleta, and Harkless formations reflect ultimate derivation from the adjacent 1.7–pre-1.8 Ga Mojavia terrane and/or 1.7–1.8 Ga Yavapai continental basement, with subsidiary sources in both the ca.  Ga bimodal intrusions of the Oklahoma-Colorado aulacogen. In terms of zircon age distribution, allochthonous metamorphic pendants in the Snow Lake terrane of the central Sierra Nevada batholith are most similar to those of stratigraphically equivalent units in the Death Valley region and, to lesser degrees, the White-Inyo section, and the Mojave Desert region. Given the similarity and relative proximity of Death Valley facies assemblages to the Snow Lake terrane, we suggest that the latter was not transported northward from the Mojave Desert region and instead represents footwall assemblages of a late Early to early Middle Jurassic low-angle normal fault system, probably along the outer transform-truncated margin of the Last Chance thrust stack. This model implies a few tens of kilometers of offset, in contrast to the hundreds of kilometers required by the Mojave–Snow Lake fault hypothesis.

Field of study: Geology
Development strategies for physical education and health curriculum implementation.

Curriculum implementation is an important way for physical education and health curriculum ideals to come true and for curriculum values to be generated,a strategic gateway to realize physical education and health curriculum visions.In order to practically enhance the science and effectiveness of physical education curriculum reform in the transition from curriculum visions to curriculum realities,the following strategies must be intensified: embody Chinese features;innovate the running mechanism of physical education and health curriculum implemen-tation;establish new conceptions;truly exert the main channel functions of classroom teaching;be pragmatic;widely popularize class break sports activities;value condition construction;provide powerful curriculum resource assurance;as guided by scientific researches,fully exert the dragging function of curriculum researches.

Field of study: Education
The cardiac myosin heavy chain Arg-403-->Gln mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy does not affect the actin- or ATP-binding capacities of two size-limited recombinant myosin heavy chain fragments.

Our aim was to investigate the potential functional consequences of myosin heavy chain (MHC) mutations identified in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We observed the presence of a mutated beta-MHC mRNA in a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue of a proband from family A, which Geisterfer-Lowrance et al. [Geisterfer-Lowrance, Kass, Tanigawa, Vosberg, McKenna, Seidman and Seidman (1990) Cell 62, 999-1006] identified as carrying the Arg-403 to Gln mutation. Recombinant DNA methods were then used to obtain size-limited, soluble and undenatured fragments of mutated myosin subfragment 1 focused around the 403 mutation. The present analysis indicated that the 403 mutation did not quantitatively alter the actin- or ATP-binding capacities of two 246-residue or 524-residue-long recombinant MHC fragments containing this mutation. The absence of any apparent impact of the 403 mutation in the recombinant MHC fragments on interactions between actin and ATP is discussed in relation to numerous biochemical and structural reports which demonstrate the crucial role of the central MHC segment, where the 403 mutation occurs, in myosin functions.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Optical and thermal performance advantages for silicon substrates in YBCO bolometer devices

The authors review recent progress they have made in the fabrication of epitaxial YBCO thin-film bolometers (photothermal infrared detectors) on Si wafers. Infrared (IR) transmission of the Si substrates, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers on Si, and YBCO/YSZ/Si has ben measured from the near to the far IR at low temperatures. Si is shown to be much superior to other available choices of substrate for epitaxial-YBCO film bolometers. It is also shown, by various wafer fabrications, that the high strength and thermal conductivity of Si can be exploited to considerably reduce the device thermal-equilibration time, when irradiated with weak IR pulses, and concomitantly increase the device sensitivity. Further, the authors have fabricated monolithic quad arrays of bolometers, and found excellent element-to-element uniformity in their transitions and in their function as detectors for Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. They have also fabricated an epitaxial YBCO-film bolometer on a submicron-thick window in a Si wafer. The rise and fall times (10-90%) were less than 500 mu s, under chopped IR illumination.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Eustatic changes during the last 8,000 years in view of radiocarbon calibration and new information from the Kattegatt region and other northwestern European coastal areas

In view of the calibration of the non-absolute radiocarbon chronology and the accumulation of new field data and radiocarbon dates, the calculated eustatic and isostatic factors responsible for the shore-level displacement in the Kattegatt region are revised for the period covering the last 8,000 sidereal years. The revision does not lead to any drastic changes: some levels are changed by some decimeters and the age of the transgression maximum PTM-7 is now regarded as younger than previously considered. The revised eustatic curve agrees (even in details) very well with all northwestern European relative sea-level records. The tidal effect in the Kattegatt is less than 1 dm. Possible meteorological influences cannot yet be accounted for. The Kattegatt record can be used to test local relative sea-level curves and supposed eustatic curves. Considering possible horizontal and vertical changes of the main geoid pattern, and other factors influencing the surface distribution of the ocean water, regional eustasy (like the present NW European curve) may not be globally valid in detail. The eustatic amplitude variations reflect the Earth's glacial history. The transgression/regression sequence reflects cyclic variations in the world climate of irregular frequency.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Temperature-induced production of recombinant human insulin in high-cell density cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli.

The construction of expression vectors encoding either the human insulin A- or B-chains fused to a synthetic peptide and the temperature-induced expression of the recombinant genes in Escherichia coli are reported. Using this two-chain approach we also describe the separate isolation of the insulin A- and B-chains from inclusion bodies and their subsequent assembly into native human insulin. The production of the insulin fusion proteins were carried out in high-cell density fed-batch cultures using a synthetic medium with glucose as sole carbon and energy source. The expression of the recombinant genes by temperature-shift in high-cell density cultures of recombinant E. coli resulted in product yields of grams per litre of culture broth, e.g. 4.5 g of insulin B-chain fusion protein per litre of culture broth. This translates into an expression yield of about 800 mg of the insulin B-chain per litre of culture. Under similar cultivation conditions the expression yield of the insulin A-chain corresponds to approximately 600 mg per litre of culture. The metabolic burden imposed on the recombinant cells during temperature-induced production of insulin fusion proteins in high-cell density cultures is reflected in an increased respiratory activity and a reduction of the biomass yield coefficient with respect to glucose.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Excitonic complexes correlation energies in individual biased InAs/GaAs and InGaN/GaN quantum dots

In this work we report on the calculation of the correlation energies of excitonic complexes in the III–V nanostructures InAs/GaAs and InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum dots. We examine how the electric field and the basis radius rc of the quantum dots affect these energies. The results presented in this work are in sound agreement with recent experimental observations.

Field of study: Materials science
Nonlinear filter for pattern recognition invariant to illumination and to out-of-plane rotations.

Automatic target recognition in uncontrolled conditions is a difficult task because many parametersare involved. This study deals with the recognition of targets under limited out-of-plane rotations while maintaining invariance to ambient light illumination. Contrast invariance is achieved by using the recently developed locally adaptive contrast-invariant filter, a method that yields correlation peaks whose values are invariant under any linear transformation of intensity. To reduce the sensitivity to the orientation of the object we replace the reference in the nonlinear filter by a synthetic discriminant filter. The range used for out-of-plane rotations was 40 degrees with a depression angle of 20 degrees. We present results for unsegmented targets on complex backgrounds with the presence of false targets.

Field of study: Physics
The Enlightenment for the Contemporary Undergraduates from Marx's View of Profession-choosing

In “Some Considerations on the Young's Profession-choosing”,Karl Marx put forward the correct attitude the young should take and researched into all elements when they were choosing their profession.In addition,he put forward some basic principles.His view-point not only benefits the contemporary undergraduates' attitude of profession-choosing,the changing of idea of profession-choosing,but also instructs the undergraduates to serve the people and country and to realize themselves values.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences