nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of dengue type 2 virus on the apoptosis and autophagy of primary HHSECs and the expression of related genes

To investigate the effects of dengue type 2 virus (DENV-2) on the apoptosis and autophagy of primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs) and the expression of ICAM-1 and Beclin-1 at mRNA level and to analyze the possible pathogenic mechanism of DENV-2. 
 
 
 
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry analysis (FCM) were performed to identify HHSECs by detecting factor Ⅷ and CD31. The DENV-2 strain was identified by using PCR and HindⅢ. The 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of DENV-2 was calculated after infecting C6/36 cells with DENV-2. Dynamic changes of DENV-2 NS1 were measured by real-time PCR after infecting HHSECs with DENV-2. CCK-8 was used to dynamically detect the cytotoxicity of DENV-2 to HHSECs. The transcriptional levers of Beclin-1 and ICAM-1 in DENV-2-infected HHSECs were detected by real-time PCR. FCM was performed to analyze the apoptosis of HHSECs and the expression of LC3B and ICAM-1. 
 
 
 
The cells in the experimental group were stained brown by DAB and the positive expression rate of CD31 reached 87.1%. The TICD50 of DENV-2 to C6/36 cells was 10-6.845/0.1 ml. Compared with the uninfected cells, partial sequences of NS1 gene were expressed in DENV-2-infected HHSECs. DENV-2 suppressed the cell activities of HHSECs. The suppression rates of DENV-2 to HHSECs at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h were respectively (10.90±1.24)%, (16.40±0.42)%, (17.00±0.46)% and (29.60±0.26)% (P<0.05). The transcriptional levels of Beclin-1 and ICAM-1 in HHSECs were significantly increased at the time point of 24 h after DENV-2 infection, the 2-△△Ct values of which were 46.77±2.55 and 40.97±4.91, respectively. The expression of LC3B and ICAM-1 in DENV-2-infected HHSECs were increased, the peaks of which were reached at 24 h (14.7%) and 36 h (35.5%), respectively. The apoptosis of DENV-2-infected HHSECs was remarkably enhanced at 12 h with an apoptosis rate of 13.17%. 
 
 
 
HHSECs was susceptible to DENV-2. DENV-2 induced the upregulation of ICAM-1 and the activation of HHSECs. Moreover, autophagy and apoptosis of HHSECs could also be induced by DENV-2. 
 
 
 
Dengue virus; Primary HHSEC; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Beclin-1; ICAM-1

Field of study: Biology
Polymer solid electrolytes-PEO and alkali halides: A modified preparative technique

Polymer solid electrolytes are prepared by a modified preparative technique without any additional solvent. By this technique the polymer solid electrolyte can be manufactured not in thin films but in a compact form, particularly disks or tablets. The conductivities of these PEO-based electrolytes are investigated depending on temperature, molecular weight of PEO and alkali halide content. For the system PEO/LiI the composition dependence of the lithium ion transport numbers are investigated. In the range of low salt content the results are similar to those obtained from thin film preparations.

Field of study: Materials science
The Effect of Preference for Method and Type of Method of Comprehension of Verbal Material

A 2 X 2 factorial design employing two levels each of type of method and preference for method was used to evaluate the respective effects of the factors on comprehension. The procedure involved the subjects’ using either a reading method or a lecture method in studying a particular content material. Some of the subjects preferred the method they used, while others did not. The result gathered from 162 college students indicated that preference for method was not related to comprehension, while the method of reading resulted in significantly higher comprehension scores than did the method of lecturing.

Field of study: Education
THE OLD AND NEW GUARDS: A FACTOR IN THE LIBERALISATION OF AUSTRALIA'S RESTRICTIVE IMMIGRATION POLICY*

: Prior to the second world war, the White Australia policy had been secure as the foundation stone of Australia's immigration policy. In the post-war period, however, the policy came under increased critical scrutiny. The result was the gradual liberalisation of Australia's restrictive immigration policy. There are many factors which can be held accountable for the dismantling of the White Australia policy. A certain factor was the rise of a new educated professional generation in the post-war period. Their new positions in an expanding middle management environment enforced a desire to be well informed and responsible. As a consequence, the new generation found defects in national policy and the most visible was White Australia. This new generation called for a re-evaluation of, and alternatives to, the policy through the formation of public organisations and through their increasing power in Australian decision-making bodies, especially the public service and the major political parties.

Field of study: Political science
Research on the Growth Capacity of the Real Estate Business

This paper analyzes the connotation of growth capacity in real estate enterprises in reviewing the relevant theoretical literature, builds its identification model from three angles and evaluation model by fuzzy theory from three dimensions, and finds the growth capacity of Vanke Group as an example to, come in a "strong" rating through the identification and evaluation. The model can be used in other industries to identify and evaluate growth capacity.

Field of study: Business
Distributed finite-time containment control for second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems

This paper considers the finite-time containment control problem for a class of second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with external disturbances under the directed topology graph. The considered nonlinear systems are composed of multiple dynamic leaders, and they have only a subset of the followers with their accessing to the leaders. Firstly, by using the one-hop neighbors' information, a second-order finite-time distributed observer estimator protocol is constructed to achieve accurate estimation of the weighted average of the velocities and positions of the leaders. Furthermore, it is proved that the proposed estimator protocol can guarantee accurate estimation of the weighted average of the velocities and positions of the leaders in the finite-time. Then, we design a new continuous nonlinear control protocol by means of the nonsingular terminal sliding mode. It is shown that by using proposed control protocol, the states of the followers can converge to the convex hull spanned by those of the leaders in the finite-time. In addition, the finite convergence time can be also explicitly estimated. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results is illustrated by the numerical simulation.

Field of study: Mathematics
Prostate brachytherapy seed identification on post-implant TRUS images.

TRUS is a conceptually appealing alternative to CT-based dosimetry, offering the substantial practical advantage of being readily available intraoperatively. To test the feasibility and reliability of seed identification on post-implant TRUS using standard two-dimensional images, ten patients treated with I-125 or Pd-103 brachytherapy were studied. A set of transverse images (6 MHz) were taken immediately following completion of the implant procedure. Original thermal images were sent to four physicians and the sources were identified independently by placing marks on a cellophane overlay, with grids to match the axial TRUS images. The number and type of seed implanted were not revealed to the investigators. Instead, they were instructed to mark the positions of what they would consider, with reasonable certainty, to be seeds. The overlays were then manually compared for source identification and agreement between observers regarding each alleged source. The actual number of implanted seeds ranged from 44 to 108 (median: 60). In contrast, the mean number of seeds allegedly identified per patients ranged from 26 to 82 (median: 43). The average percent of the seeds allegedly identified per patient ranged from 51% to 83% (mean: 74%). The four physician investigators--KW, JS, BH, and GM--identified an alleged median of 90%, 44%, 63%, and 91% of the total seeds, respectively. There were five instances in which investigators alleged more seeds than were actually implanted. The consistency of seed identification among the investigators was evaluated by noting how many investigators identified each bright spot on the images. The percent of bright spots identified by all four investigators ranged from 8% to 33% (median: 20%). Despite considerable interest among some of our clinical and commercial colleagues in developing TRUS-based intraoperative post-implant dosimetry, the use of TRUS-based seed identification for post-implant dosimetry should be viewed with skepticism.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Response acquisition by humans with delayed reinforcement.

The present experiment examined whether a response class was acquired by humans with delayed reinforcement. Eight white circles were presented on a computer touch screen. If the undergraduates touched two of the eight circles in a specified sequence (i.e., touching first the upper-left circle then the bottom-left circle), then the touches initiated an unsignaled resetting delay culminating in point delivery. Participants experienced one of three different delays (0 s, 10 s, or 30 s). Rates of the target two-response sequence were higher with delayed reinforcement than with no reinforcement. Terminal rates of the target sequence decreased and postreinforcement pauses increased as a function of delay duration. Other undergraduates exposed to yoked schedules of response-independent point deliveries failed to acquire the sequence. The results demonstrate that a response class was acquired with delayed reinforcement, extending the generality of this phenomenon found with nonhuman animals to humans.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Anaerobic microbial dechlorination: an approach to on-site treatment of toxaphene-contaminated soil.

Enhanced microbial degradation of toxaphene by natural microorganisms occurred in soil and sediment amended with organic matter kept under anaerobic (flooded) conditions. Laboratory experiments yielded a dissipation half-life of approximately 3 and 1 week for soil and sediment, respectively, containing 10 ppm of technical toxaphene and a 1% alfalfa meal amendment. Dissipation was accompanied by an increase in early eluting gas chromatographic peaks and a decrease in later eluting peaks, indicating that dechlorination had occurred. Enhanced anaerobic dissipation also took place in soil containing 500 ppm of toxaphene, although at a lesser rate than at 10 ppm, and when cotton gin waste was used as amendment in place of alfalfa meal. Sediment in a toxaphene-contaminated pesticide waste disposal ditch was amended with 10% steer manure and flooded to ascertain field utility of the technique for on-site decontamination. Toxaphene residues were reduced from 63 to 23 ppm in 120 days, and some degradation activity still occurred up to 8 months after this single treatment.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Machiavelli and Soderini

\M 4ACHIAVELLI, like Christ, came into history only in his thirties. His youth is virtually unknown to us, until today. We find only a few facts in his father's Ricordi, which covers the period 1474-87; there we learn that at the age of seven Niccolo studied the 'donatello' (the short edition of the late-classical grammar of Donatus), first with Master Matteo, near S. Trinita bridge, then, from March 1477, with Battista di Filippo da Poppi, who taught in the church of St. Benedict.1 At ten, he went to live with Master Piero Maria, to study the Abacus (a short arithmetical treatise) and 'librettine,' the elementary calculating system. Lastly, in November 1481, Niccolo began to study Latin, under Pagolo da Ronciglione's direction. And that is all. Abruptly, he vanished like a ghost, to reappear, when twenty-nine years old, as Second Chancellor of the Florentine Republic, onJune 19, 1489, succeeding Alessandro Braccesi, who had been removed from office after Savonarola's ruin.2 A month later, he was also ordered to serve as secretary of the Ten of War, the inner and the most important magistracy of the Republic as a whole. Generally, these positions were reserved for humanists or for notaries, since the secretaries were required to write the letters to foreign princes and republics (for the Ten of War) or to inspect the whole correspondence between the Signori and the provincial judgeships (for the Second Chancery). No documents survive to support the image of Machiavelli as a humanist or a notary at this time. On the contrary, I must underline what his father told us

Field of study: History
Forest edge and diversity: carabids along forest-grassland transects

Diversity relationships of carabids in forest edges and the neighbouring forest interior and the surrounding grassland are studied. Samples were taken along three replicated forest-grassland transects using pitfall traps in the Aggtelek National Park in Hungary during 2 years. The study revealed significant edge effect on the carabids. The Shannon diversity of carabids were significantly higher in the forest edge and the grassland than in the forest interior. Carabids of the forest interior, forest edge and grassland can be separated from each other by ordinations, both on the species composition and abundance, suggesting that all three habitats have a distinct species assemblage. Moreover, indicator species analysis detected significant edge associated species; based on the specificity and fidelity of the carabids we have distinguished five groups of species: habitat generalists, grassland-associated species, forest generalists, forest specialists, and edge-associated species. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that relative air moisture, temperature of the ground and cover of the herbs are the most important factors determining the diversity of carabids along the transects. Our results show that the high diversity of carabids in forest edges is due to the edge-associated species and the presence of species characteristic to the adjacent habitats. The significance of forest edges in nature conservation, serving as a source habitat for dispersal processes, contributing to the recolonization of carabids after habitat destruction or other disturbance is emphasized.

Field of study: Environmental science
Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banks Liquidity Position: The Case of Tanzania

This paper gives an overview picture of commercial banks liquidity position in Tanzania for the period of ten years (2000 to 2009). The study employed the liquidity measures of commercial banks, and on that basis the performance in terms of liquidity position was established. The paper used the casual research design as the methodology of the study since the casual design is best suited to determine cause and effects of the phenomenon. This paper utilizes secondary data from National Bank of Commerce (NBC), CRDB and National Microfinance Bank (NMB). The criteria used is total deposit to core funding, liquid asset to demand liabilities and Gross loans to total deposit Tanzania for the period of ten years, and finally the hypothesis was tested to know whether there is a significant difference in terms of liquidity position by using ANOVA test. The findings revealed that the commercial banks under study have strongest liquidity level although it varied over years and National Microfinance Bank maintained strongest liquid level compared to the other two banks.

Field of study: Business
On optimal placement of molecules in the unit cell.

There are currently no rules for a unified, standard way of placing macromolecular structures in the crystal lattice. An analysis of all possible symmetry-equivalent representations of molecular structures in various space groups leads to the concept of the anti-Cheshire symmetry and suggests that the center of a unique structural motif can always be placed within the selected asymmetric unit of the anti-Cheshire cell. The placement of structures according to this suggestion will ensure uniformity of presentation of all structurally equivalent Protein Data Bank models and will therefore diminish the possibility of confusing less crystallographically knowledgeable users of the PDB. The anti-Cheshire cells and their asymmetric units are defined and tabulated for all 65 space groups relevant to macromolecular crystallography that exhibit only rotational symmetry operations.

Field of study: Chemistry
Coincidence Electron Scattering (e,e′f) and Multipole Strength Functions inU238

We report /sup 238/U(e,e'f ) spectra from fission threshold to 23-MeV excitation energy for three values of momentum transfer (q = 0.26, 0.40, and 0.55 fm/sup -1/). The extracted strength functions for E1 and E2/E0 agree well with those recently calculated with the quasiparticle random-phase approximation, except that some E2 strength is apparently missing. E3 and/or higher multipoles clearly contribute a significant amount of cross section throughout the excitation region.

Field of study: Physics
Impact of bias conditions on performance degradation in SiGe HBTs irradiated by 10 MeV Br ion

Effects of bias conditions on 10 MeV Br ion irradiation were investigated in NPN SiGe HBTs. Pre- and post-radiation direct current (DC) characteristics, such as current gain, leakage current, Early voltage and neutral base recombination, were studied and used to quantify the dose tolerance to 10 MeV Br ion. Experiment results for different bias conditions were compared and discussed in detail. It is found that performance degradations are indeed bias dependent. The BE junction reversed-biased mode suffers the largest degradation and the case with BE junction forward-biased shows the smallest degradation. The underlying physical mechanisms are analyzed and investigated in present work. The injection annealing effect of displacement damage is found to be responsible for the different irradiation response of SiGe HBTs under three bias conditions.

Field of study: Engineering
Dynamical characteristics of high-power solid-state multirod laser resonators

Using the concept of equivalent resonators, dynamical characteristics of highpower solidstate multirod laser resonators are analyzed. The general expressions for equivalent gparameters and equivalent resonator length of multirod resonators are derived which permit us to obtain the dynamical characteristic curve and critical refractive powers on the equivalent gparameter diagram for multirod resonators and to illustrate their dynamical characteristics with numerical examples. In addition, the method of compensating a discrepance of the refractive power by a suitable adjustment of the distances between the mirror and the rod is discussed and the related analytical formula is given.

Field of study: Physics
The structure of L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (class II) solved by low-resolution SIR phasing and 20-fold NCS averaging.

The enzyme L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase catalyzes the reversible cleavage of L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and L-lactaldehyde. It is a homotetramer with an M(r) of 30 000 per subunit and crystallized in space group P3(2)21. The enzyme shows a low sequence identity of 18% with the structurally known L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase that splits a stereoisomer in a similar reaction. Structure analysis was initiated with a single heavy-atom derivative measured to 6 A resolution. The resulting poor electron density, a self-rotation function and the working hypothesis that both enzymes are C(4) symmetric with envelopes that resemble one another allowed the location of the 20 protomers of the asymmetric unit. The crystal-packing unit was a D(4)-symmetric propeller consisting of five D(4)-symmetric octamers around an internal crystallographic twofold axis. Presumably, the propellers associate laterally in layers, which in turn pile up along the 3(2) axis to form the crystal. The non-crystallographic symmetry was used to extend the phases to the 2.7 A resolution limit and to establish a refined atomic model of the enzyme. The structure showed that the two enzymes are indeed homologous and that they possess chemically similar active centres.

Field of study: Chemistry
Nursing experience of endovenous laser treatment combined with high ligation and dot stripping in the treatment of varicosis of great saphenous vein

ObjectiveTo investigate the preoperative nursing of 103 patients with varicosis of great saphenous veins after laser treatment(EVLT) combined surgery (high ligation+dot stripping).MethodsTo preoperative psychological nursing, reduce swelling, and treating ulcers and completes the preoperative preparation, the limb was push up 30 degrees for venous return. To observe limb peripheral blood supply. To strengthen the postoperative complications such as limb pain, numbness, subcutaneous induration and observation and nursing of deep vein thrombosis.ResultsIn this study there were 20 affected limbs appeared numbness, 30 affected limbs appeared subcutaneous induration.ConclusionPreoperative targeted psychological counseling, and strengthen cooperation as well as prevention and treatment of postoperative complications, and health education are important factor to guarantee of success of operation.

Field of study: Medicine
Electron-beam-controlled closed-cycle cw CO2 laser

An electron-beam-controlled cw CO2 laser was provided with gas-mixture regeneration, which enabled radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 μ to be obtained with a power of 10 kW and an overall laser efficiency of about 5%. Experimental investigations were made of the electrical characteristics of a nonselfsustaining discharge in a CO2+N2+He+Xe+CO gas mixture subjected to various heating regimes. It was established that the addition to the mixture of small quantities (about 1%) of the gases Xe and CO substantially (by 30–50%) increased the limiting power of the nonself-sustaining discharge and, therefore, the output power and efficiency of the laser. An analysis was made of the dependence of the laser output power on the pump power, pressure, composition, and flow rate of the gas mixture.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Recurrent appendicitis after appendectomy.

A 23-year-old male presented 3 months after laparoscopic appendectomy with a 1-day history of right lower quadrant pain and lack of appetite. He was afebrile, with stable vital signs. A physical examination revealed localized right lower quadrant tenderness with decreased bowel sounds. Results of all laboratory investigations were normal. A plain radiograph of the abdomen showed surgical clips in …

Field of study: Medicine
Results of the model coil tests for the cable-in-conduit conductor for SST-1 tokamak

SST-1 tokamak, under fabrication at Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), India, deploys superconducting coils for both toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) magnets. A NbTi based 135 strands cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) has been fabricated for this purpose by M/S Hitachi Cable Ltd. (Japan) under specification and supervision of IPR. In order to test the performance of this CICC under SST-1 operating scenarios, a Model Coil (MC) has been designed, fabricated and tested at Kurchatov Institute (KI), Russia using the SST-1 CICC under a collaborative program between IPR and KI. The MC was designed to have the same maximum field-to-current ratio (5 T at 10 kA) as of the SST-1 TF coils. Typical SST-1 disturbances were simulated with a toroidal array of four longitudinal disturbances simulating coils and with two transverse disturbances simulating coils.

Field of study: Physics