nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft modes, resonances, and quantum transport

Effects of the propagation of particles that have a finite lifetime and an according width in their mass spectrum are discussed in the context of transport description. First, the importance of coherence effects (Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect) on the production and absorption of field quanta in nonequilibrium dense matter is considered. It is shown that classical diffusion and Langevin results correspond to a resummation of certain field-theory diagrams formulated in terms of full nonequilibrium Green's functions. General properties of broad resonances in dense and hot systems are discussed in the framework of a self-consistent and conserving Φ-derivable method of Baym by considering the examples of the ρ meson in hadronic matter and the pion in dilute nuclear matter. Further, we address the problem of a transport description that properly takes into account the damping width of the particles. The Φ-derivable method generalized to the real-time contour provides a selfconsistent and conserving kinetic scheme. We derive a generalized expression for the nonequilibrium kinetic entropy flow, which includes corrections from fluctuations and mass-width effects. In special cases, an H theorem is proven. Memory effects in collision terms contribute to the kinetic entropy flow that, in the Fermi liquid case, reproduces the famous bosonic-type T3lnT correction to the specific heat of liquid 3He. For the example of the pion-condensate phase transition in dense nuclear matter, we demonstrate the important role of the width effects within the quantum transport.

Field of study: Physics
Organophosphate flame retardants and organosiloxanes in predatory freshwater fish from locations across Canada.

Whole body homogenates of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) or Walleye (Sander vitreus) collected from Canadian lakes were screened for organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) and organosiloxane compounds. Six OPFR and five siloxane compounds were detected above quantitation limits in at least one individual fish from sampled lakes. The OPFRs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), were most frequently quantified with concentrations ranging from <0.07 to 9.8 ng/g (ww). Levels of TBOEP were highest in fish from the Great Lakes region while TCEP was detected only in fish from the northernmost lakes in our network. Concentrations of the cyclic siloxanes, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), were above quantitation limits in all fish. D5 was the most abundant siloxane across all sampling locations with the highest concentrations (45-719 ng/g ww) observed in Lake Trout from the western end of Lake Ontario near the mouth of the Niagara River.

Field of study: Environmental science
A strategic research on the causes of soccer violence in professional men football league

The soccer violence of fans at home and abroad is rising up yearly in professional men football league.The soccer violence relates with the punishment of judge in appearance, but it s a result of many causes in fact. If you want to restrain this phenomenon, you must educate and open a path for, and at the same time, you must perfect the system of judge management , decrease the rate of misjudgement and make full use of the medium in professional soccer league. The police should refer to the advanced countries' experience on how to keep and govern the vilence of fans and stengthen the field safeguard work.

Field of study: Education
A 3 years experience of operated surgical neonates outcome in a tertiary hospital of Ain Shams University (neonatal intensive care unit)

Surgery on a newborn has been one of the most challenging subjects in medical science. A neonate is born with its unique physiological features of very narrow normal ranges, beyond which it is helpless to cope with the adverse situations. Added to this, it has to be able to respond to life-threatening surgical conditions for its survival.  We aimed in this piece of work to assess the outcome of different neonatal surgical conditions and factors responsible for mortality in surgical neonates.  The present retrospective study was conducted in the NICU of Ain Shams University Children’s Hospital using the records from the beginning of year 2011 till the end of year 2013. The recorded data included gestational age, postnatal age at admission, sex of neonates, maternal age, mode of delivery, surgical diagnosis, surgery outcome, risk factors for occurrence of sepsis, classification of type of sepsis if present (Early-onset sepsis, Late-onset, or nosocomial) , blood culture results, antimicrobials used, length of hospital stay, need for ventilation, risk factors for occurrence of sepsis, cause of death.  The study included 69 patients with surgical problems who were admitted to the NICU. They were 45 males (65.22%) and 24 females (34.78%) with a male to female ratio of 1.8: 1. They were 10 preterms (14.49%) and 59 full-terms (85.51%); with mean gestational age range from 32-40 weeks, mean ± SD: 36.91±1.98 weeks. 37 (53.62%) were delivered by LSCS and 32 (46.38%) by SVD. 33.33% of neonates were admitted between 1 and 2 days postnatal, 42.9% were more than 1 week old, with mean age of admission 9.49 ±10.37 days. The most common surgical problems were Tracheooesophageal fistula (9 cases), followed by imperforate anus low anomaly 5 cases, imperforate anus high anomaly 5 cases, then Hirshsprung disease 4 cases. Also, hydrocephalus and Arnold Chiari malformation each 4 cases. Diaphragmatic hernia 4 cases. 61 cases had sepsis, 50 cases were discharged, 19 died and 8 had no complications. The most common causes of death were; sepsis (16 cases), heart failure (9 cases), respiratory failure (5 cases), cardio – pulmonary failure (3 cases) and pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension each one case.  Most of cases were full term babies and had late presentation to our hospital which led to delayed operations. Most common surgical problem was trachea-oesophageal fistula.

Field of study: Medicine
Understanding empathy: Integrating counseling, developmental, and social psychology perspectives.

Un examen de la litterature sur la question permet de comparer les modeles utilises par la psychotherapie de consultation, par la psychologie genetique et par la psychologie sociale dans la definition et dans la mesure de l'empathie. L'integration de ces differentes perspectives permet de degager des propositions concernant la nature, l'evolution et l'utilite clinique de l'empathie

Field of study: Psychology
DYNAMIC STABILITY OF A ROTATING CRACKED SHAFT USING THE LINE-SPRING MODEL

In this paper, the equivalent line-spring model is employed to study the dynamic stability of a rotating cracked shaft. An example is provided to validate the method. Numerical results demonstrate that the model shows high precision, applicability and simplicity. The effects of crack depth, crack location on dynamic unstable regions of the system are discussed and compared with previous data.

Field of study: Engineering
Backside-configured surface plasmonic structure with over 40 times photocurrent enhancement

In this paper, we report a quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) enhanced by a backside-configured surface plasmonic structure with an over 40 times peak photocurrent enhancement. The QDIP enhancement by the backside-configured plasmonic structure is compared with that by the top-configured plasmonic structure. The backside-configured plasmonic structure shows much higher photocurrent and photodetectivity D* enhancement. We analyze the excitation of the surface plasmonic waves by the backside-configured and top-configured plasmonic structures. The higher enhancement is attributed to the more efficient surface plasmonic excitation by the backside-configured plasmonic structure.

Field of study: Materials science
Über die Woodsehe Methode zur Trennung derD-Linien

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, daß die Methode zur Trennung der D-Linien mit Hilfe einer parallel zur optischen Achse geschliffenen Quarzplatte zwischen gekreuzten Nicois nur brauchbare Resultate liefert, wenn der Öffnungswinkel des verwandten Strahlenbündels 10 nicht wesentlich übersteigt. Die anderenfalls auftretenden Interferenzbilder werden diskutiert.

Field of study: Physics
Characterization of N-Glycosylation Status of Micro-level Glycoprotein Using Solid Phase Extraction Based Techniques

A new strategy integrating the latest hydrophilic interaction chromatographic(HILIC) method with mass spectrometry technologies was developed for the enrichment and determination of intact glycopeptides and glycan structures from a glycoprotein.The average molecular weight,the ratio of glycosylation,the glycosite and the structures of glycoforms of ribonuclease B(RNaseB) were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-LTQ-FT-MS.RNaseB contains 8.43% glycan and has a single glycosylation site at Asn34 with the glycan structure varied from five to nine mannose residues(Man5-9GlcNAc2).The strategy paves the way for systematic and confident analysis of complex glycoproteins with important biological or pharmaceutical functions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Quantum-Fluctuation-Frustrated Flat Band Instabilities in NdNiO2

The discovery that Nd$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_2$, with the CaCuO$_2$ infinite-layer structure, superconducts up to 15 K around the hole-doping level $x$=0.2, raises many important questions about its fundamental electronic and magnetic processes. One unexplained feature is that, for $x$=0 and as opposed to CaCuO$_2$, NdNiO$_2$ with the same formal $d^9$ configuration does not order antiferromagnetically (AFM). We study the experimentally inaccessible AFM phase, finding for the static lattice, a flat-band, one-dimensional van Hove singularity (vHs) pinned to the Fermi level is unstable to charge, spin, and lattice orders. These flat-band instabilities thereby limit incipient AFM order at low temperature and, being assisted by zero point fluctuations of the oxygen lattice, preclude the AFM phase seen in CaCuO$_2$. This strongly AFM correlated, conducting spin-liquid phase forms the platform for superconductivity in NdNiO$_2$.

Field of study: Physics
Management of Bed-Furrow Irrigated Soil with Limited- and No-Tillage Systems

LIMITED and no-tillage management in the South-ern Plains can be beneficially used in irrigated cropping systems. About 75 percent of the irrigation in this region is by the graded-furrow method. Learning how to manage beds and furrows between crops is essential for development of practical management systems. This paper reports the results of 7 years of field research in developing and evaluating limited and no-tillage management systems for irrigated crop production.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Biometrical genetic analysis of ethanol's psychomotor stimulant effect.

Hereditary influences on psychomotor stimulant effects of ethanol (ETOH) were studied in a classical Mendelian cross of DBA/2Abg (D2) and C57BL/6Abg (B6) inbred mouse strains. A dose-response study with nine doses (0-3.5 g/kg ip) indicated that B6 mice lack the activational limb of the biphasic curve (< or = 1.5 g/kg), as assessed in a 15-min test. D2 mice ran greater distances and ran faster, at doses up to 2.5 g/kg. B6 mice showed no increments in speed or distance at these doses that activated D2 mice. Several other indices reinforced the conclusion of ETOH-induced behavioral activation in D2 mice and lack there of in B6 mice (traditional photobeam interruptions--horizontal counts; center distance; vertical movements; inactive time; as well as derived indices of running speed and average length of each movement). The F1, F2, and backcross generations produced dose-response curves that showed additive inheritance of the activational response to doses below 1.5 g/kg. A second study (n = 1446) examined response to 1.5 g/kg with a within-subjects design in the full Mendelian cross. This study verified the completely additive mode of inheritance for the total distance measure suggested in the dose-response study, and showed that sex linkage and sex differences were not present. Narrow sense heritability of the ETOH activation response (indexed by total distance) was calculated at 0.35 and approximately 3 loci were estimated to be responsible for the B6/D2 difference. The other phenotypes (described above) also showed strongly additive genetic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Field of study: Medicine
An Active-Passive Dimension in the Definition of Mental Retardation

adequate measures of it, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (Doll, 1953) and the Adaptive Behavior Scales (Nihira, Foster, Shellhaas, Leland, 1969) notwithstanding. 2. To define adaptive behavior relative to the requirements of particular settings would make necessary an unwieldy number of instruments. 3. An emphasis on adaptive behavior would blur the distinction between the mentally retarded and the emotionally disturbed, thus moving away from rather than toward precise classification of atypical children. 4. Adaptive behavior might be more affected by intervention programs than psychometric intelligence, thereby violating the basic

Field of study: Education
Diagnosis of Picornavirus Group Meningitis Using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

To assess the value on the diagnosis of picornavirous group meningitis by RT-PCR.  The objects consist of the patients with meningitis (104 cases) and the patients with non- meningitis disease(39 cases). Picornavirous group was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).  The positive rate was 41.3% (43/104) in meningitis group. The control cases were not any positive results of picornavirous group. The picornavirous group is the important pathogens, which cause meningitis. RT-PCR has higher value in the diagnosis of picornavirous group meningitis.

Field of study: Medicine
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Influence of gas pressure in arc lamps on the pumping efficiency of CW garnet lasers

A study was made of the influence of the gas pressure in xenon and krypton arc lamps on the pumping efficiency of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Nd3+) lasers. The pumping efficiency was deduced from the laser efficiency achieved at a constant output power. An increase in pressure in a cold lamp from 1 to 10 atm increased the laser output power by a factor of 1.6 if the pumping was provided by krypton lamps, and by a factor of 1.2 when xenon lamps were used. The rise of the efficiency of the xenon lamps with increasing pressure was observed only up to 3 atm. The results obtained were explained by considering the influence of pressure on the intensity of the continuum and those emission lines in the pumping radiation whose wavelengths were located within the absorption bands of YAG:Nd3+. When the pressure was optimal, the pumping efficiency of the krypton lamps was, on the average, 1.8 times higher than the corresponding efficiency of the xenon lamps. The addition of xenon to the krypton lamps gave no advantages over the lamps filled with pure krypton.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Current sources of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in our atmosphere

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 or CTC) is an ozone-depleting substance whose emissive uses are controlled and practically banned by the Montreal Protocol (MP). Nevertheless, previous work estimated ongoing emissions of 35 Gg year−1 of CCl4 into the atmosphere from observation-based methods, in stark contrast to emissions estimates of 3 (0–8) Gg year−1 from reported numbers to UNEP under the MP. Here we combine information on sources from industrial production processes and legacy emissions from contaminated sites to provide an updated bottom-up estimate on current CTC global emissions of 15–25 Gg year−1. We now propose 13 Gg year−1 of global emissions from unreported non-feedstock emissions from chloromethane and perchloroethylene plants as the most significant CCl4 source. Additionally, 2 Gg year−1 are estimated as fugitive emissions from the usage of CTC as feedstock and possibly up to 10 Gg year−1 from legacy emissions and chlor-alkali plants.

Field of study: Environmental science
Relative Efficacy of Number of Sprays of Fungicides on the Control of late Leaf Spot in Groundnut

The spray schedules in T2 and T3 consisting of two sprays and three sprays of mancozeb (0.25% + carbendazim (0.1%) respectively were significantly superior over control in reducing the late leaf spot (LLS) severity and increasing pod and haulms yields.

Field of study: Biology
Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine With a Flux-Coupling-Type SFCL Employed at Different Locations

Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) have attracted a wide interest for wind power generation, but they suffer from high sensitivity to grid disturbances, particularly grid faults. In this paper, a modified flux-coupling-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is suggested to improve the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of DFIGs. The SFCL's structure and principle is first presented. Then, considering that the SFCL can be installed at a DFIG's different locations, its influence mechanism to the DFIG's FRT capability is analyzed, and some technical discussions on the design of the SFCL are carried out. Furthermore, the simulation model of a 1.5-MW/690-V DFIG integrated with the SFCL is built, and the performance analysis is conducted. From the results, introducing the SFCL can effectively limit the fault currents across the DFIG's stator and rotor sides, and when the stator side is selected as the installation site, the terminal-voltage sag can be also improved, which helps prevent the disconnection of the DFIG from the power grid.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of an Al3+- and Mg2+-containing antacid, ferrous sulfate, and calcium carbonate on the absorption of nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in healthy Chinese volunteers

To evaluate the effects of an Al3+- and Mg2+-containing antacid, ferrous sulfate, and calcium carbonate on the absorption of nemonoxacin in healthy humans.Two single-dose, open-label, randomized, crossover studies were conducted in 24 healthy male Chinese volunteers (12 per study). In Study 1, the subjects orally received nemonoxacin (500 mg) alone, or an antacid (containing 318 mg of Al3+ and 496 mg of Mg2+) plus nemonoxacin administered 2 h before, concomitantly or 4 h after the antacid. In Study 2, the subjects orally received nemonoxacin (500 mg) alone, or nemonoxacin concomitantly with ferrous sulfate (containing 60 mg of Fe2+) or calcium carbonate (containing 600 mg of Ca2+).Results:Concomitant administration of nemonoxacin with the antacid significantly decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) for nemonoxacin by 80.5%, the maximum concentration (Cmax) by 77.8%, and urine recovery (Ae) by 76.3%. Administration of nemonoxacin 4 h after the antacid decreased the AUC0–∞ for nemonoxacin by 58.0%, Cmax by 52.7%, and Ae by 57.7%. Administration of nemonoxacin 2 h before the antacid did not affect the absorption of nemonoxacin. Administration of nemonoxacin concomitantly with ferrous sulfate markedly decreased AUC0–∞ by 63.7%, Cmax by 57.0%, and Ae by 59.7%, while concomitant administration of nemonoxacin with calcium carbonate mildly decreased AUC0–∞ by 17.8%, Cmax by 14.3%, and Ae by 18.4%.Conclusion:Metal ions, Al3+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ markedly decreased the absorption of nemonoxacin in healthy Chinese males, whereas Ca2+ had much weaker effects. To avoid the effects of Al3+ and Mg2+-containing drugs, nemonoxacin should be administered ≥2 h before them.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Pheromone synthesis. CLII: Synthesis of blattellastanosides A and B, chlorinated steroid glucosides isolated as the aggregation pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L.

β-Sitosterol (3) was converted to blattellastanosides A (1, 6α-chloro-4β,5-epoxy-5β-stigmastan-3β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside) and B (2, 6α-chloro-5-hydroxy-5β-stigmastan-3β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside), the arrestant components of the aggregation pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L.

Field of study: Chemistry
Peculiarities of grain growth in silver films

Grain growth in thin sliver films is studied experimentally. It is shown for the first time that notable grain growth is preceded by an incubation stage in which a film’s microstructure may be considered stable since the rate of grain growth is relatively low. The length of the incubation stage depends on the initial gran size and annealing temperature. The results are in agreement with the view that the effect of vacancy generation accompanying grain growth is an important factor inhibiting the latter.

Field of study: Physics
Restricted Collapsed Draw: Accurate Sampling for Hierarchical Chinese Restaurant Process Hidden Markov Models

We propose a restricted collapsed draw (RCD) sampler, a general Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler of simultaneous draws from a hierarchical Chinese restaurant process (HCRP) with restriction. Models that require simultaneous draws from a hierarchical Dirichlet process with restriction, such as infinite Hidden markov models (iHMM), were difficult to enjoy benefits of \markerg{the} HCRP due to combinatorial explosion in calculating distributions of coupled draws. By constructing a proposal of seating arrangements (partitioning) and stochastically accepts the proposal by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, the RCD sampler makes accurate sampling for complex combination of draws while retaining efficiency of HCRP representation. Based on the RCD sampler, we developed a series of sophisticated sampling algorithms for iHMMs, including blocked Gibbs sampling, beam sampling, and split-merge sampling, that outperformed conventional iHMM samplers in experiments

Field of study: Computer science
[Genetic comorbidity of depression and somatic disorders].

The aim of our review was to evaluate the perspectives of new therapeutic approaches in comorbid depressive and somatic disorders based on common pathological mechanisms and their genetic risk factors. Literature analysis showed that depression was a complex heterogeneous condition associated with significant prevalence of metabolic, cardiovascular and immune disturbances. The understanding of common molecular mechanisms of risks and course of abovementioned disorders could provide a new strategy for early diagnosis and therapeutic optimization and give the opportunity of 'targeted' approach to different pathological elements.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Non-clause-bounded A-movement: a cross-linguistic study of ECM constructions

L'A. montre que les constructions de marquage de cas exceptionnel, dans plusieurs langues, impliquent le mouvement, et que ce mouvement peut etre non lie a la proposition. Il discute des problemes que cela pose par rapport a la theorie du liage et du gouvernement. L'analyse est basee sur l'idee que, bien qu'il soit certain que les positions theta sont des positions A, la nature A/A' des positions non-theta peut varier d'une langue a l'autre

Field of study: Linguistics
Proceedings of the Twelfth Summer Meeting, held at New York city, June 26, 1900

Session of Tuesday, June 26 The Society was called to order at 11.45 o’clock a m, in room 401, Schermerhorn Hall, Columbia University. The President, Dr George M. Dawson, occupied the chair throughout the meeting.  The Secretary announced that the three candidates for fellowship had received a nearly unanimous vote of the ballots transmitted, and that they were elected, as follows: Fellows Elected Leonidas Chalmers Glenn, Ph. D., Columbia, South Carolina. Professor of Geology, South Carolina College. Thomas Leonard Watson, Ph. D., Atlanta, Georgia. Assistant State Geologist, Georgia State Geological Survey. Stuart Weller, B S., Walker Museum, University of Chicago. Instructor in University of Chicago. The announcement was also made by the Secretary that the next Winter meeting would probably be held at Albany, New York. The reading of papers was declared in order. The first paper of the program was GEOLOGY OF THE SILVER PEAK RANGE, . . .

Field of study: Geology