nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure of in-pram babies to airborne particles during morning drop-in and afternoon pick-up of school children.

In-pram babies are more susceptible to air pollution effects, yet studies assessing their exposure are limited. We measured size-resolved particle mass (PMC; 0.25-32 μm) and number (PNC; 0.2-1 μm) concentrations on a 2.7 km route. The instruments were placed inside a baby pram. The route passed through 4 traffic intersections (TIs) and a bus stand. A total of ∼87 km road length was covered through 64 trips, made during school drop-in (morning) and pick-up (afternoon) hours. The objectives were to assess PMC and PNC exposure to in-pram babies at different route segments, understand their physicochemical characteristics and exposure differences between in-pram babies and adults carrying them. Over 5-fold variability (14.1-78.2 μg m-3) was observed in PMCs. Small-sized particles, including ultrafine particles, were always higher by 66% (PM1), 29% (PM2.5) and 31% (PNC) during the morning than afternoon. Coarse particles (PM2.5-10) showed an opposite trend with 70% higher concentration during afternoon than morning. TIs emerged as pollution hotspots for all the particle types. For example, PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PNCs during the morning (afternoon) at TIs were 7 (10)%, 19 (10)% and 68 (62)% higher, respectively, compared with the rest of the route. Bus stand was also a section of enhanced exposure to PNC and PM2.5, although not so much for PM2.5-10. EDX analyses revealed Cl, Na and Fe as dominant elements. Road salt might be a source of NaCl due to de-icing during the measurements while Fe contributed by non-exhaust emissions from brake abrasion. The respiratory deposition rates imitated the trend of PMC, with higher doses of coarse and fine particles during the afternoon and morning runs, respectively. Special protection measures during conveyance of in-pram babies, especially at pollution hotspots such as traffic intersections and bus stands, could help to limit their exposure.

Field of study: Environmental science
Interactions of Energetic Particle Radiation With a MCT $({\rm x}=0.48)$  P on N Detector Array

The measured electron-hole pair creation (generation) energies (e-h PCE) for substrate removed Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) P on N array are reported here. Measurements were conducted with both sensor and radioisotope sources placed in a vacuum and cooled to 78 K. The results are consistent with the previous theory of Shockley for the e-h PCE in semiconductors. The measured PCE using three particle types over a large range of energies yield self consistent values for the PCE. For MCT with a 2.63 micron cutoff, a PCE of 2.4 eV is determined.

Field of study: Physics
Shear and compression buckling analysis for anisotropic panels with elliptical cutouts

An approximate analysis for buckling of biaxial- and shear-loaded anisotropic panels with centrally located elliptical cutouts is presented. The analysis is composed of two parts: a prebuclling analysis and a buckling analysis. The prebuckling solution is determined using Lekhnitskii's complex variable equations of plane elstostatics combined with a Laurent series approximation and a boundary collocation method. The buckling solution is obtained using the principle of minimum potential energy. A byproduct of the minimum potential energy equation is an integral equation that is solved using Gaussian quadrature

Field of study: Physics
Neuroprotection Against Hypoxic/Ischemic Injury: δ-Opioid Receptors and BDNF-TrkB Pathway

The delta-opioid receptor (DOR) is one of three classic opioid receptors in the opioid system. It was traditionally thought to be primarily involved in modulating the transmission of messages along pain signaling pathway. Although there were scattered studies on its other neural functions, inconsistent results and contradicting conclusions were found in past literatures, especially in terms of DOR’s role in a hypoxic/ischemic brain. Taking inspiration from the finding that the turtle brain exhibits a higher DOR density and greater tolerance to hypoxic/ischemic insult than the mammalian brain, we clarified DOR’s specific role in the brain against hypoxic/ischemic injury and reconciled previous controversies in this aspect. Our serial studies have strongly demonstrated that DOR is a unique neuroprotector against hypoxic/ischemic injury in the brain, which has been well confirmed in current research. Moreover, mechanistic studies have shown that during acute phases of hypoxic/ischemic stress, DOR protects the neurons mainly by the stabilization of ionic homeostasis, inhibition of excitatory transmitter release, and attenuation of disrupted neuronal transmission. During prolonged hypoxia/ischemia, however, DOR neuroprotection involves a variety of signaling pathways. More recently, our data suggest that DOR may display its neuroprotective role via the BDNF-TrkB pathway. This review concisely summarizes the progress in this field.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Lifetime Duration of Homelessness among Homeless Adults with Mental Illness

This paper reports on the association between intellectual functioning and lifetime homelessness duration among 172 homeless adults with mental illness in Toronto, Canada. Using a standardized test of intellectual functioning, we created two groups: individuals with borderline or lower intellectual functioning (16%) and individuals with above borderline intellectual functioning (84%). Lifetime homelessness duration was approximately three years longer, or almost twice as long, for individuals with borderline or lower intellectual functioning. Implementing more systematic strategies for identifying and supporting individuals with cognitive impairments may hasten transitions out of homelessness for this population. Brief intellectual functioning assessment tools are available.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
ON THE SIZING OF BUILDING ENVELOPPE AND ENERGY SYSTEM INTEGRATING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN SKETCH PHASE

This paper presents a methodology of simultaneous sizing of building envelope and heating system integrating management strategies in sketch phase. This method uses a global optimization approach taking into consideration a lot of parameters and constraints. Our goal is to implement it in performance software tools, which allow architects and designers to analyze and quickly compare design solutions taking into account the cost over the building life cycle (including the envelope investment, heating system investment and operating cost) with respect to the need of comfort and budget. These tools are being developed and are valued as part of Vesta-System company (www.vesta-system.fr). Collaborations between academics are of course possible and established case by case. Our study in this paper is a building in Grenoble, France.

Field of study: Engineering
Reproducing Formulas for the Fourier-Like Multipliers Operators in q-Rubin Setting

The aim of this work is to study of the q^2 -Fourier multiplier operators on R_q and we give for them Calderon’s reproducing formulas and best approximation on the q^2-analogue Sobolev type space H_q using the theory of q^2-Fourier transform and reproducing kernels.

Field of study: Mathematics
Predictive Value of Fragmented QRS in Response to Levosimendan Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure

Positive inotropic drugs are necessary in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and systolic dysfunction and having hypotension and/or peripheral hypoperfusion despite vasodilator and diuretic therapy (1). Levosimendan is dissimilar from other positive inotropic remedies in terms of providing increased contractility without enhancing the oxygen consumption of the heart (2). It increases cardiac contractility as a means of enhancing the calcium sensitivity of contractile proteins in the myocardium. Furthermore, it leads to the opening of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in vascular tissues and vasodilatation (3).

Field of study: Medicine
Meta gene set enrichment analyses link miR-137-regulated pathways with schizophrenia risk

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within MIR137, the host gene for miR-137, has been identified repeatedly as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Previous genetic pathway analyses suggest that potential targets of this microRNA (miRNA) are also highly enriched in schizophrenia-relevant biological pathways, including those involved in nervous system development and function.  In this study, we evaluated the schizophrenia risk of miR-137 target genes within these pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis of pathway-specific miR-137 targets was performed using the stage 1 (21,856 subjects) schizophrenia genome wide association study data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and a small independent replication cohort (244 subjects) from the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium and Northwestern University.  Gene sets of potential miR-137 targets were enriched with variants associated with schizophrenia risk, including target sets involved in axonal guidance signaling, Ephrin receptor signaling, long-term potentiation, PKA signaling, and Sertoli cell junction signaling. The schizophrenia-risk association of SNPs in PKA signaling targets was replicated in the second independent cohort.  These results suggest that these biological pathways may be involved in the mechanisms by which this MIR137 variant enhances schizophrenia risk. SNPs in targets and the miRNA host gene may collectively lead to dysregulation of target expression and aberrant functioning of such implicated pathways. Pathway-guided gene set enrichment analyses should be useful in evaluating the impact of other miRNAs and target genes in different diseases.

Field of study: Biology
Integrated Management of Root Rot of Groundnut

Root rot of groundnut is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biocontrol agent (BCA) Trichoderma harzianum isolated from root rot suppressive soils reduced the seedling mortality (8.5 and 10.6%), disease and yield. In order to further enhance the efficacy of disease suppression, fungicide (thiophanate methyl) tolerant strain was comparatively evaluated individually, in combination with fungicide and also with organic amendment. It resulted in better plant stand, reduced disease incidence (15.8 and 18.8%) and increased yield (863 and 872.4 kg/ha). Soil application of BCA is more effective compared to seed treatment. Integration of bio-agent with fungicide and organic amendment increased the efficacy of disease control as compared to their individual treatments.

Field of study: Biology
Combined Effects of Color and Elastic Modulus on Antifouling Performance: A Study of Graphene Oxide/Silicone Rubber Composite Membranes

Biofouling is a significant maritime problem because the growth of fouling organisms on the hulls of ships leads to very high economic losses every year. Inspired by the soft skins of dolphins, we prepared graphene oxide/silicone rubber composite membranes in this study. These membranes have low surface free energies and adjustable elastic moduli, which are beneficial for preventing biofouling. Diatom attachment studies under static conditions revealed that color has no effect on antifouling behavior, whereas the studies under hydrodynamic conditions revealed that the combined effects of color and elastic modulus determine the antifouling performance. The experimental results are in accordance with the “harmonic motion effect” theory proposed by us, and we also provide a supplement to the theory in this paper. On the basis of the diatom attachment test results, the membrane with 0.36 wt % of graphene oxide showed excellent antifouling performance, and is promising in practical applications. The results confirmed that the graphene oxide and graphene have similar effect to enhance silicone rubber antifouling performance. This study provides important insight for the design of new antifouling coatings; specifically, it indicates that lighter colors and low Young’s moduli provide superior performance. In addition, this study provides a reference for the application of graphene oxide as fillers to enhance the composite antifouling performance.

Field of study: Materials science
US Dollar Classifications by the LVQ Method Based on Reliability Criterion

US Dollar Classifications by the LVQ Method Based on Reliability Criterion Toshihisa Kosaka, Member (Glory Ltd.), Norikazu Taketani, Member (Glory Ltd.), Sigeru Omatu, Member (Osaka Prefecture University), Kunihiro Ryo Non-member (Glory Ltd.) Automatic classification of bill money has been well developed and it is important that the classifier must have high accuracy. Generally, accuracy of classification is represented as a recognition rate of sample data. To evaluate the accuracy more strictly, we will introduce a reliability criterion. In the pattern recognition, Neural Networks (NNs) have been adopted. Among them a competitive NN has a simple structure and can explain the relation between the inputs and the outputs more easily than a layered NN based on the back-propagation method. Thus, we use a competitive NN for the bill money classification and use the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) method for training the NN. After introducing a reliability criterion based on a probability distribution for the classification by the LVQ method, we classify the US dollar by the LVQ method and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Field of study: Computer science
Computing the Dirichlet-Multinomial Log-Likelihood Function

Dirichlet-multinomial (DMN) distribution is commonly used to model over-dispersion in count data. Precise and fast numerical computation of the DMN log-likelihood function is important for performing statistical inference using this distribution, and remains a challenge. To address this, we use mathematical properties of the gamma function to derive a closed form expression for the DMN log-likelihood function. Compared to existing methods, calculation of the closed form has a lower computational complexity, hence is much faster without comprimising computational accuracy.

Field of study: Computer science
The Significance of International Corporate Governance Disclosure on Financial Reporting in Nigeria

The adjudication for International corporate governance disclosure framework, such as, the International Standard of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR), has assumed a state of relevance between local and international markets participants, to circumvent the encumbrances of incomparable corporate governance disclosures despite the integrations of commercial activities around the world. The study, therefore, examined the significance of international corporate governance disclosures on financial reporting in Nigeria. Content analysis design was adopted, while population t-test and multiple regressions were used for hypothetical tests. It was however discovered that, International Corporate Governance disclosures significantly affects companies’ total assets and profitability, and that, Nigerian Banks report more than half the ISAR requirements, but was done indiscriminately. It is therefore recommended that, relevant codes of corporate governance in Nigeria be upgraded to reflect international specifications and the remiss of good governance be done away with, if we must achieve anti-corruption and investment drive. ISAR should be adopted and sanctions meted for non-compliance. Where this is done, organizations will have access to capital from international stock market and expansion of their business across boundaries. This will eventually breed economic viable Nigeria, free off corruption, and the actualization of the rebranding Nigeria ideology.

Field of study: Business
A Case Report of Clobazam Toxicity Related to Cannabidiol and Clobazam Drug-drug Interaction

The interest in the anti-seizure efficacy of cannabinoids (CBD)has significantly increased over the past decade. Trials have shown a remarkable reduction in the frequency of convulsive seizures in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes patient population. Studies have shown that CBD reacts with Clobazam leading to a significant increase in the levels of N-desmethylclobazam, the active metabolite of Clobazam. We present a case of a patient with Dravet syndrome who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status secondary to Clobazam toxicity related to CBD and Clobazam drug-drug interaction. We present a case of a patient with Dravet syndrome who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. Patient was hospitalized and Clobazam was held off. Clobazam level and N-desmethylclobazam levels were obtained and came back elevated at 512 ng/mL and 15020 ng/mL respectively (reference range 30-300 ng/mL and 300 to 3000 ng/mL respectively).

Field of study: Medicine
The resonance pole and the residue of the scattering amplitude while the Coulomb forces gradually decrease

Trajectories for the S-wave pole of the scattering amplitude are constructed in the complex planes of the resonance momentum and of the renormalized vertex constant squared. They correspond to transitions from the resonance states to the virtual states of the singlet deuteron and the doublet triton while the Coulomb interaction gradually decreases to zero. The effective-range theory and a Yukawa-potential model are used. Physical reasons for the differences between the corresponding trajectories for Np and Nd systems are found. The results obtained explain why the resonances in the doublet Nd scattering are more difficult to detect in experiments in comparison with the well-studied singlet NN resonances.

Field of study: Physics
Improved DDA Algorithm and FPGA Implementation

In this paper, the basic principle of DDA interpolation algorithm is discussed and an improved algorithm is designed based on errors analysis of DDA algorithm. These two algorithms are simulated on Matlab, testing result shows chord error δ of improved DDA algorithm was reduced by 20% - 50% on interpolation accuracy. Finally the algorithm is implemented on FPGA to test its real-time performance and interpolation speed.

Field of study: Engineering
Advances in Climate Analysis and Monitoring: Reflections on 40 Years of Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshops

AbstractWe examine the progress in the analysis of climate variability through the lens of a 40-year series of annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshops initiated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1976. The evolution of climate data and data access, data analysis and display, and our understanding of the physical mechanisms associated with climate variability, as well as the evolution in the character of the workshops, are documented by reference to the series of workshop proceedings. This retrospective essay chronicles the transition from the mid-1970s, when individual investigators or their organizations held much of the climate data suitable for research, to the present day, where many of the key climate datasets are freely accessible on the Internet. In parallel we also chart the evolution in data analysis and display tools from hand-drawn line graphs of single-station data to color animations of regional and global fields based on satellite data, numerical mod...

Field of study: Environmental science
Urban Traffic Computer Region Self-Adapt Control System

Urban traffic signal control system is the axis of the modern city traffic management system,is also an important part of the intelligence transportation system.Its management and control method will affect the road congestion.Although the urban traffic control system has the advantage to improve the traffic flows and order,safety,it can't provide optimizing control,this will lead to negative result,and will become an important reason of the traffic congestion.It is necessary to use high-tech method to manage modern traffic signal control system.

Field of study: Computer science
On the foundation of scientology of curriculum in higher education

It is important for scientology as the base of the curriculum in higher education.Through the historical examination on the curriculum in higher education influenced by the three science and technology revolution,the paper explores the influence on the curriculum of higher education.Both of the construction of scientific activity and the science developing system play very important roles.It is important that the scientific evolution influences the curriculum thought,target,principle,model and implementation.

Field of study: Education
In silico Analysis and Experimental Validation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Proteins and Peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Immunological Diagnosis and Vaccine Development

Comparative analyses of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome with the genomes of other mycobacteria have led to the identification of several genomic regions of difference (RDs) between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. The identification of immunodominant and HLA-promiscuous antigens and peptides encoded by these RDs could be useful for diagnosis and the development of new vaccines against tuberculosis. The analysis of RD proteins and peptides by in silico methods (using computational programs to predict major and HLA-promiscuous antigenic proteins and peptides) and experimental validations (using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from tuberculosis patients and BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects to assess antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in vitro) identified several major antigens and peptides. To evaluate the in vivo potentials, the genes of immunodominant antigens were cloned and expressed in DNA vaccine vectors. Immunizations of experimental animals with the recombinant constructs induced antigen-specific cellular responses. Further experiments showed that each of these proteins had several T and B cell epitopes scattered throughout their sequence, which confirmed their strong immunogenicity. In conclusion, the bioinformatics-based in silico identification of promiscuous antigens and peptides of M. tuberculosis is a useful approach to identify new candidates important for diagnosis and vaccine applications.

Field of study: Medicine
Community Care——A New Solution to Urban Elderly Support

China has been an aging nation while economy and social security are still not well prepared.Owing to dwindling household,longer longevity and increasing work pressure of caregivers,the 4-2-1 inverted pyramid-shape family structure greatly impacted support-parents-at-home pattern.The problems related to urban elderly support protrude especially the elderly's care and needs.The thesis aims at a comparison of three patterns:family elderly support,organizational elderly support community care and their respective pros and cons,attempting to advance a community based elder-support pattern.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COALBED METHANE PATTERN EXPLOITATION IN QINSHUI BASIN

Pattern recovery technique, associated with other stimulation treatments, can effectively enhance the coal-bed methane production, where the selection of the reasonable well spacing is important to the pattern exploitation. According to the geologic condition, hydraulic fracture and reservoir conditions of some areas in Qinshui basin, the numerical simulation of coalbed methane pattern exploitation was performed considering the effect of matrix shrinkage on the porosity and permeability. It is suggested that the pattern well spacing should be 300m×300m in the future, and the predicted coalbed methane recovery is 56.46% after 16.5 years if this pattern well spacing is applied.

Field of study: Engineering