nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Joint Working Mode of Multiple Frequency Hopping Radios Under Interference Suppression Condition

A joint working mode of multiple Frequency Hopping (FH) radios is considered in this paper, which applies the cooperative work idea in FH communication. By jointly processing the resources provided by multiple FH radios, the joint working mode can get a better interference suppression performance. Four levels of joint working mode are introduced in this paper. A joint working mode using multiple antenna technology is detailed analyzed here. The mode can be realized in three methods, which are jointly transmit, jointly receive, and jointly transmit and receive. Key problems remained to be solved are also given. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the joint working mode. The joint working mode is a complement to the existing FH communication mode, which can be used to ensure normal communication in interference suppression condition.

Field of study: Engineering
Samuel Beckett’s “Echo’s Bones”: Politics and Entailment in the Irish Free-State

This essay historicizes Beckett‘s early story “Echo’s Bones” to reveal a rich satire of recent Irish revolutionary history in the context of longer European literary and political traditions. The long-archived story engages with an enlightenment and counter-enlightenment tradition: interested in comically overthrowing societal expectations, coded as rigid sexual mores and abuses, Beckett’s work is also uncertain about the benefits and basis for securing morality, freedom, or fulfillment through revolutionary politics and sexual liberation. Beckett’s story formally models political and historical crises. He targets W. B. Yeats’s Anglo-Irish sympathies and engages James Joyce’s work as well.

Field of study: Art
Design and Research on Multi-User Network Virtual Campus Ramble System

Presents effective measures to solve the difficulty problem for building the multi-user net-work virtual campus ramble system. In order to get a better level in aspects of fidelity, real time and controllability, studies some key techniques, including image data collection and processing, three-dimensional digital modeling, virtual environment interactive and network transmission, etc. Additionally, takes Hainan Normal University as a specific application environment, estabishes the virtual campus ramble system based on network interactive.

Field of study: Computer science
An enhancement mechanism of two-particle exchange interactions in single- and multi-layer cuprate superconductors

To explore material dependence of layered cuprate superconductors, we examine effective two-particle interactions for Hg1201 and Tl1201, where Tl1201 having a nearly half value of Tc of Hg1201 even at the optimal oxygen concentration. Although the 3dx_2-y_2 band, the Fermi surface, and its Wannier-orbitals are similar for these superconductors, there is an apparent difference in the unoccupied levels above EF. Based on a multi-reference density-functional-theory formulation, effective two-particle exchange interactions are estimated to derive enhancement in intra-layer exchange interactions for HgBa2CuO4, while it is weakened in TlBaLaCuO5 and furthermore it is weak in TlBa2CuO5. The characteristic difference in the band structure is correlated with oxygen contents in the buffer layer. We also comment on the similar feature in triple-layered compounds. Our spin-fluctuation enhancement mechanism in an electron-correlation regime is consistent with the experimental fact.

Field of study: Physics
Precedent, Judicial Power, and the Constitutionality of "No-Citation" Rules in the Federal Courts of Appeals

On April 13, 1996, Faye Anastasoff mailed a tax refund claim to the IRS. The deadline for the claim was April 15; Anastasoff believed that by mailing it before the deadline, the claim was valid. Ordinarily, she would have been right; the so-called mailbox rule1 provides that in most instances, a claim is timely upon receipt if it is postmarked by the original deadline. The IRS received Anastasoffs claim on April 16, and rejected it under an obscure exception to the mailbox rule.2 In the ensuing litigation, the district court rejected Anastasoffs claim that the mailbox rule applied in her case.3 On appeal to the Eighth Circuit, the government provided Anastasoff with a copy of Christie v. United States,4 an unpublished decision involving a fact-pattern identical to Anastasoffs. The Eighth Circuits Rule 28A(i) provides that [u]npublished opinions are not precedent and parties generally should not cite them, although such opinions may be cited if they [have] persuasive value on a material issue and no published opinion . . . would serve as well.5 During oral argument, Circuit Judge Richard Arnold asked Anastasoffs attorney what he thought about the Christie decision. The lawyers response? [Christie is] not binding on this court.6 The court disagreed. In Anastasoff v. United States,7 a three-judge panel of the Eighth Circuit ruled that Rule 28A(i), a type of no-citation rule prevalent

Field of study: Law
Differential desiccation sensitivity of corn and Pennisetum pollen linked to their sucrose contents

Two pollen species from the Gramineae family were investigated as to their differential sensitivity to desiccation. Germination in vivo ceased to occur after previous drying to 7–8% moisture content in Zea mays and 3% in Pennisetum typhoides. The reduced vitality coincided with extensive membrane damage, as evidenced by the considerable leakage of fluorescein and K+ from the prehumidified grains into liquid media. Further experiments were undertaken to investigate the basis for this interspecific difference: (1) phospholipid analyses revealed little difference in composition and content both before and after drying; (2) free fatty acid contents increased in both species upon drying but levels were generally low; and (3) sucrose was the sole soluble carbohydrate found in both species. Fresh maize pollen contained 5% sucrose, as compared to 14% in Pennisetum pollen. During slow drying (8h) this level went up to 12% and 17%, respectively. Drying corn pollen in the cold (2°C), or at high rate, limited sucrose levels and affected the resistance to drying. The authors conclude that survival of dehydration is correlated with the presence of sucrose. Finally, they tested the ability of sucrose to preserve dry liposomes prepared from phospholipids purified from the two species. When liposomes were dried in the presence of sucrose, fusion and leakage could largely be prevented at mass ratio's of sugar to lipid of > 4. Trehalose was also effective but myo-inositol was not. No species differences were observed. The authors suggest that the presence of sucrose is a key factor in preserving membranes in dry pollen.

Field of study: Environmental science
Cross neutralization reaction of SARS virus BJ01 and GZ01 strains with sera of SARS patients from Beijing and Guangzhou regions

To study the immunogenic relationship between SARS virus BJ01 and GZ01 strains, for selecting vaccine candidate virus strain.  Using Reed-Muench method to test the titers of SARS virus BJ01 and GZ01 strains. 6 sera from SARS patients of Beijing and Guangzhou were separately selected and cross-neutralization test was conferred to investigate their neutralization antibody titer and ability of cross neutralization.  The sera of Beijing and Guangzhou patients could neutralize local isolated SARS virus. ② The sera of Beijing and Guangzhou patients could cross-neutralize both BJ01 and GZ01 strains. ③ Their neutralization antibody titers were almost the same with both virus strain.  The SARS virus BJ01 and GZ01 strains showed no distinct difference in terms of neutralization antibody reactivity.

Field of study: Biology
Some examples of microstructure modifications induced by high temperature oxidation in cast chromium-rich refractory alloys strengthened by carbides

Some of the cast metallic alloys for use at high temperature contain reinforcing carbides to notably resist creep. These may be eutectic carbides appeared during solidification, present in grain boundaries, with various volume fractions depending on the carbon content and with various compositions depending on the natures of the carbides-forming elements present. Such strong carbides-forming elements are generally also easier to oxidize than the base elements of the alloys and they play an important role in the high temperature oxidation of the alloy, often leading to special phenomena in the external oxide formed aswell as in the alloy just under the oxide-metal interface. In this work the oxidation behaviour at high temperature of selected alloys and superalloys reinforced by carbides of different types was investigated by notably considering these phenomena.

Field of study: Materials science
Measurement and modeling of radiation response of multilayer BESOI buried insulators

The time- and temperature-dependent radiation responses of multilayer bond-and-etch buried insulators were measured with the use of a fast capacitance-voltage technique after short-pulse irradiation. The multilayer insulators were fabricated with various combinations of SiO/sub 2/, silicon nitride, nitrided SiO/sub 2/, and reoxidized nitrided SiO/sub 2/ layers. The charge response results were analyzed together with X-ray-induced photocurrent results with simple charge-buildup models to determine the charge trapping characteristics of the complex structures. To a first approximation, these responses were predictable from the known general trapping characteristics of the component layers; however, the detailed results showed substantial charge-trapping variations with processing and indicated that bonding or fabricating one insulator material on another can alter the characteristics of either. Charge trapping in the bulk and at the interfaces of the SiO/sub 2/ layers was particularly sensitive to these process variations.

Field of study: Physics
[Understanding of psychopathological constitutions and mental defect in the concept of Th. Ziehen].

The author analyzed a symptom concept of Th. Ziehen that had competed with the Kraepelin nosological concept of mental disorders. The classification of psychopathological constitutions and defective states in mental diseases used by Th. Ziehen is discussed. The particular significance given by Th. Ziehen to overvalues in the formation of psychopathological phenomena and sexual perversions as major characteristics of the general type of inherited psychopathic constitution is emphasized. The Th. Ziehen's definition of psychopathic constitution is compared to Kraepelin's conception of psychopathic personality.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Funding Effectiveness of TVET for Decent Employment and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria with Perspectives from China

In the midst of abundant human and natural resources, Nigeria continues to be beleaguered with persistent unemployment, low productivity and poverty.  Key sectors of Nigeria’s economy which are expected to drive growth, such as infrastructure, retail and manufacturing services require services of personnel with post-basic and technical and vocational skills, but these skills are being produced in small numbers and with poor quality. The country has a vibrant and economically viable youth population that needs to be engaged in productive ventures to help make significant contributions to the national development of Africa’s largest economy and overcome their vulnerability to anti-social or anti-government activities against the security and peace of the country. This study explores the context of TVET in Nigeria against the background of the effectiveness of funding provision to TVET in the country. The study identified significant demand for TVET provision in Nigeria based on the analysis of key indicators of the context within which TVET operates. Also, the study showed that though the government has made funding available to education and TVET in Nigeria, the distribution of funds in expenditure contradicts effective utilization of  available limited resources and puts forward suggestions on effective funding of TVET in Nigeria by drawing on the successful experience of China. Taking China's successful TVET funding mechanism as  example, the study explores China's funding policies related to TVET and identify key factors for TVE's success in China in the face of global trends and provides a new perspective for TVET research from the Chinese model and the theory behind it that could be adopted in the utilization of limited public funding in Nigeria for effective TVET delivery in the country.  Funding; TVET; Employment; Nigeria; China DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-36-06 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

Field of study: Education
Expérimenter le maniement des armes à la fin du Moyen Âge / Experimente zur Waffenhandhabung im Spätmittelalter. Daniel Jaquet and Nicolas Baptiste, eds. Itinera 39. Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2016. 182 pp. €48.

by hegemony. A good example of such an exploration is Karin Ueltsch’s essay on fantastical, phantom armies and combats, a study rich in anthropological and theological insight: they appear here as a tangential response to deep medieval social and personal anxieties. Martin Aurell in a display of considerable erudition also addresses social fractures, in his case the theocratic claims to primacy in society over the warrior and king, exploring its expression and resistance to it through Robert de Boron’s motif of the sword locked into a stone: “une hymne à théocratie” (37–63). Edina Bozoky explores the very antithesis of Excalibur, in her evocative and enjoyable study of the sword of Attila—a character of some ambivalence in medieval literature as early as the tenth-century epic Walther. A sword, alleged to be of the great Hun, became an item in the treasury of the kings of Hungary—to whom he was a quasi-Arthur—though as with Excalibur it also turned up in other rulers’ treasuries. Such swords had power, and Bozoky demonstrates with some cultural élan how this particular symbol has mutated in a variety of media, story, history, song, and DVD in the Magyar imagination (357–68). These are just a few instances of a volume rich in unexpected insights and significant observations.

Field of study: History
Influence of excess sodium addition on the structural characteristics and electrical conductivity of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

The current study investigates the influence of adding excess Na on the structure and conductivity of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3. Polycrystalline bulk samples were prepared via conventional solid-state reaction method. XRD confirmed the presence of rhombohedral perovskite as a primary phase in all the samples. SEM revealed the existence of secondary phases which were found to increase considerably with the higher addition of excess Na. Chemical analysis via EDXS indicates Na deficiency in the sintered sample of stoichiometric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, while the average Na/Bi molar ratio found to be more than unity in all the Na-excess compositions. Impedance spectroscopy studies showed at least 3 orders of magnitude conductivity difference between the Na-excess and pure Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 samples. The bulk conductivity was found to increase with the addition of excess Na, which was attributed to the increase in oxygen vacancy. Although partial substitution of Na for A-site Bi appears to be a promising strategy for the conductivity enhancement, these compositions show significant segregation of secondary phases on excess Na addition.

Field of study: Materials science
More pieces of the puzzle: Chemistry and substructures in the galactic thick disk

We present a study of the chemical abundances of solar neighborhood stars associated with dynamical structures in the Milky Way's (thick) disk. These stars were identified as an overdensity in the eccentricity range 0.3 –0.4 have mostly lower eccentricities, smaller vertical velocity dispersions, are α-enhanced, and define a rather narrow sequence in [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H], clearly distinct from that of the thin disk. Stars with [Fe/H] < –0.4 have a range of eccentricities, are hotter vertically, and depict a larger spread in [α/Fe]. We also found tentative evidence of a substructure possibly associated with the disruption of a metal-rich star cluster. The differences between these populations of stars is also present in, e.g., [Zn/Fe], [Ni/Fe], and [SmII/Fe], suggesting a real physical distinction.

Field of study: Physics
Lithospheric scale folding: numerical modelling and application to the Himalayan syntaxes

We describe the eastern and western Himalayan syntaxes, which are large-scale antiforms situated at geodynamically similar locations and the metamorphic evolution of which is coeval in the India–Asia collisional history. To understand the mechanical plausibility of the structural interpretation, we present two-dimensional finite-element modelling of lithospheric folding. The models reveal the coeval development of adjacent synformal basins, analogous to the Peshawar and Kashmir basins on both sides of the western syntaxis. Similarities between geological data and calculated models indicate that lithospheric buckling is a basic response to large-scale continental shortening and an efficient mountain building process.

Field of study: Environmental science
Ingroup Versus Outgroup Comparisons and Self-Esteem: The Role of Group Status and Ingroup Identification

Prior research suggests that people can protect their self-esteem by construing upward comparisons with outgroup members as non-self-relevant. In the present experiments, the authors hypothesized that only dominant group members use such a self-protection strategy. This hypothesis was confirmed in three experiments (N = 293) comparing dominant and subordinate-status groups exposed to upward versus downward social comparisons with ingroup or outgroup members. The results also showed that dominant group members suffered from upward comparisons with ingroup members, whereas subordinate group members did not. For the latter, ingroup identification appeared to be a self-protection strategy. Group status may be a potential moderator of the tendency to adopt particular self-protection strategies against upward comparisons.

Field of study: Psychology
Synthesis of N-methylmorpholinium 6-oxo-3,5-dicyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)pyridine-2-thiolate with the Michael reaction

N-Methylmorpholinium 6-oxo-3,5-dicyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)pyridine-2-thiolate was obtained by reaction of cyclopentylidenecyanoacetic ester with cyanothioacetamide or cyclopentylidenecyanothioacetamide with cyanoacetic ester in the presence of N-methylmorpholine; it is used in synthesis of substituted 2-alkylthiotetrahydropyridines, 5-oxo-6,8-dicyano-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-(5H)-7-(spirocyclopentane)-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine, 5-allyl-2-methylthio-3,5-dicyano-4,5-dihydro-4-(spirocyclo-pentane)pyridin-6(1H)-one, and 3-amino-6-oxo-5-cyano-4,5-dihydro-4-(spirocyclopentane)-2H-pyrazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-one.

Field of study: Chemistry
Competitive segregation of impurities on the surface of polycrystalline copper

The competitive segregation of sulfur, carbon, and phosphorus on the surface of polycrystalline copper and the segregation kinetics of sulfur in the temperature range 675–875 K have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy. The equilibrium segregation energies of impurities and the sulfur diffusion parameters in the near-surface region of copper with a thickness d ≤ 5 μm have been calculated on the basis of the experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Influence of impure ions on performance of solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyser

The effect of impure ions on the performance of the solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyser(SPEWE)was studied. While impure ions were added into the anode compartment of the SPEWE, the variations of cell voltage, anode and cathode potentials with electrolysis time were analyzed respectively.The investigations revealed that these impure ions did great harm to the performance of the SPEWE.The rapid increasing cell voltage was mainly due to the increase of cathodic overvoltage. 2+ electrodeposited at the interface between the cathode catalytic layer and Nafion membrane, and covered cathodic catalysts and decreased reaction active sites.Ca~ 2+ ,Mg~ 2+ formed a layer of hydroxide ,which had so bad electron conductivity that it not only covered cathodic catalysts but also increased interface contact resistance, resulting in rapid increase of cathodic overvoltage.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND ASESSMENT The Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Self-Assessment Instrument For Use In A Pharmacy Student Competition

The purpose of this research was to develop, implement, and evaluate a 10-item assessment instrument for pharmacy students participating in a local Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee competition. The instrument was designed to measure and document student perceived-learning processes and outcomes.  The study used a single group posttest design with a retrospective pretest component. The self-assessment instrument was comprised of 10 assessment items and 5 open-ended questions. The Rasch rating scale model was used to evaluate data provided by the instrument.  The perceived outcomes from the competition in terms of student growth through participation and completion of the assessment instrument were favorable for all items. However, 3 of the 6 items administered in a retrospective pretest-posttest format became more difficult for students to endorse.  The Competition Student Assessment Instrument provided valuable, meaningful, and reliable information about processes and learning outcomes of the competition. Student-driven competitions represent an innovation in applying student-directed activities outside the curriculum that is consistent with expected learning outcomes of the formal curriculum. It is anticipated that this assessment instrument would be useful for assessing student competitions at other schools and colleges of pharmacy.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Über Dihydrochinoxaline und Radikale der Chinoxalinreihe

Eine auf zwei Wegen erhaltliche rote Verbindung wird durch chemische Beweise und durch das IR- sowie das NMR-Spektrum als 2-Benzoyl-3-phenyl-3.4-dihydro-chinoxalin erkannt. — Bei der Reduktion von Chinoxalinen in saurem Medium entstehen tieffarbige, freie Radikale, die sich durch ESR-Messungen nachweisen lassen. Sie sind auch dadurch erhaltlich, das man aquimolekulare Mengen eines Chinoxalins mit dem zugehorigen Dihydrochinoxalin in Eisessig unter Argon zusammengibt.

Field of study: Chemistry