nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring actor-partner interdependence in family therapy: whose view (parent or adolescent) best predicts treatment progress?

Predictions of family therapy outcome consistently vary depending on which client rates the alliance. We used the actor-partner interdependence model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) to test the interdependence of parents' and adolescents' ratings of alliance, session depth/value, and improvement-so-far after Sessions 3, 6, and 9. Initial analyses found trivial between-therapists variance; therefore, a 3-level hierarchical model partitioned the variance in these variables into between families, between family members, and between session components. For alliance and session depth, results showed a significant parent actor effect and a significant adolescent partner effect. Specifically, when parents saw a stronger alliance, they also saw the session as more valuable, but when adolescents saw a stronger alliance, their parents saw the session as less valuable. Both the parents' and the adolescents' improvement scores showed significant linear growth over time, and adolescents' alliance ratings were positively associated with their own and their parents' views of therapeutic progress.

Field of study: Psychology
Generalization of delayed matching to sample following training at different delays.

Four groups of pigeons were trained to perform a delayed matching-to-sample task with a single delay of 0, 2, 4, or 6 s from the outset of training. The longer the training delay, the more sessions were required for all birds to reach the same level of response accuracy. Following initial training, five test sessions that included nonreinforced trials with delay intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 s were interspersed between training sessions. Unlike typical forgetting functions in which accuracy decreases monotonically with increasing delay, the forgetting functions from test sessions resembled generalization gradients with the peak of the functions occurring at the training delay. Following additional training for all birds with a 0-s delay, forgetting functions decreased monotonically with increasing delay. The results suggested that remembering can be trained at a specific delay interval, and generalizes to similar delay intervals. Generalization along the temporal dimension of delay may contribute to typical forgetting functions in which accuracy decreases from 0-s delay.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Numbers versus nominalists

One who sincerely utters the latter, it is argued, is thereby committed, whereas one who utters the former is not, to there being besides the moons of Mars such a thing as their number. Therefore, by embracing (1E) while disowning (2E) the nominalist can consistently deny that there are numbers while accepting the sober pronouncements of mature  The tactic is immediately suspect. The observational sentence (1E) logically entails a sentence that straightforwardly expresses that there is some number or other of a certain sort:

Field of study: Philosophy
Xinjiang’s Indelible Footprint: Reading the New Imperialism of Neoliberalism in English and Waiting for the Barbarians

Neoliberal discourses of globalization frequently emphasise a temporal break in history, a paradigm shift at once irreversible and comprehensible only on its own terms. This essay, conversely, uses an inter-imperial framework to evaluate neoliberalism as a variant among several capitalist practices. Bringing together Wang Gang’s novel English (2004) and J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians (1980), it highlights the ways in which the ruins of language and infrastructures continue to inscribe the present tense. It also shows how the Silk Road, a nineteenth-century colonial construct, encapsulates China’s dreams of global trade and prosperity in a neoliberal era.

Field of study: Art
Stochastic Interpretation of 2×2 Classification Tables

Procedures which classify individuals into discrete categories are often evaluated by the fraction of individuals correctly classified. If the individual behavior is truly stochastic rather than deterministic, the expected fraction of correct classifications would be less than one, even when the procedure is based upon perfect estimates of every individual's probability of belonging to a category. For the binary case of two categories, the expected fraction which is correctly classified is between 50 and 100 percent. The exact value depends upon the mixing distribution of probabilities in the population.

Field of study: Mathematics
Analysis of the Relationship between Credit Risk and Bank Performance of Some Commercial Banks in Ghana

34 Website: http://www.ijbmr.forexjournal.co.in Analysis of the Relationship between Credit Risk and Bank ░  This study analysed the relationship between credit risk and bank financial performance of selected commercial banks in Ghana for the period 2010 2014, using the banks respective financial statements. The study employed the quantitative research approach. The sample was Ghana Commercial Bank Limited, Zenith Bank Limited, UT Bank and Ecobank Plc. These four banks were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data were primarily secondary and quantitative in nature. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. When the banks were compared, Ghana Commercial Bank Limited was found to be more liquid than Zenith Bank Limited. That of Zenith bank was also higher than UT bank and Ecobank Plc .However, profitability indicators showed that Zenith Bank Limited and Ecobank Plc utilised its assets better than Ghana Commercial Bank Limited and UT bank resulting in the two banks higher scores over the period. The findings show further that Ghana Commercial Bank Limited showed higher ratios for investment in the future while Zenith Bank Limited showed higher ratios of higher dividend immediately. However, Zenith Bank Limited capital adequacy level was far higher than the legal requirement of Banking sector while its counterparts fell slightly below it in terms of average. Based on the main findings and conclusions, it is recommended that Ghana Commercial Bank Limited should find a means of reducing its expenditure, introducing prudent assets management, should be cautious when assisting government in time of economic difficulty, and operate as an independent entity.

Field of study: Business
Modeling Quantum-Safe Authenticated Key Establishment, and an Isogeny-Based Protocol

We propose a security model for authenticated key establishment in the quantum setting. Our model is the first for authenticated key establishment that allows for quantum superpositions of queries. The model builds on the classical Canetti-Krawczyk model but allows quantum interactions between the adversary and quantum oracles that emulate classical parties. We demonstrate that this new security definition is satisfiable by giving a generic construction from simpler cryptographic primitives and a specific protocol which is secure in the quantum random oracle model, under the supersingular isogeny decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption (SIDH).

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
FERMIONIC MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND SHORT RANGE CORRELATIONS a

Fermionic Molecular Dynamics (FMD) models a system of fermions by means of many-body states which are composed of antisymmetrized products of single-particle states. These consist of one or several Gaussians localized in coordinate and momentum space. The parameters specifying them are the dynamical variables of the model. As the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction induces short range correlations which cannot be accommodated by a Slater determinant, a novel approach, the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM), is applied. The unitary correlator moves two particles away from each other whenever their relative distance is within the repulsive core. The time-dependent variational principle yields the equations of motion for the variables. Energies of the stationary ground states are calculated and compared to exact many-body results for nuclei up to Ca 48. Time-dependent solutions are shown for collisions between nuclei.

Field of study: Physics
Supra-oscillatory critical temperature dependence of Nb-Ho bilayers

We investigate the critical temperature Tc of a thin s-wave superconductor (Nb) proximity coupled to a helical rare-earth ferromagnet (Ho). As a function of the Ho layer thickness, we observe multiple oscillations of Tc superimposed on a slow decay, that we attribute to the influence of the Ho on the Nb proximity effect. Because of the inhomogeneous magnetization in Ho, singlet and triplet pair correlations are present in the bilayers. We take both into consideration when solving the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, and we find a reasonable agreement with the experiments. We also observe non-trivial transitions into the superconducting state, the zero resistance state being attained after two successive transitions which appear to be associated with the magnetic structure of Ho.

Field of study: Physics
High-performance and low-voltage pentacene thin film transistors fabricated on the flexible substrate

We report on the fabrication of low operating voltage pentacene thin film transistors with PVP (poly-4-vinylphenol)/CeO2–SiO2/PVP triple dielectric layers on a flexible substrate. Our triple dielectric layers exhibited a markedly reduced leakage current characteristic and a relatively high capacitance. The field effect mobility, on/off current ratio and subthreshold slope obtained from pentacene thin film transistors were 0.67 cm2 V s−1, 105 and 0.36 V dec−1, respectively. It was demonstrated that the spin-coating polymer layer can be used to planarize the surface irregularities and to improve the dielectric and device properties.

Field of study: Materials science
Detection of the circulating antibodies to teratocarcinomadefined antigens in patients with testicular tumours.

Sera from twenty-three patients with primary or metastatic testicular tumours of germinal origin were tested for antibodies against teratocarcinoma-associated antigen(s), using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Human and 129/Sv mouse sperm and mouse teratocarcinoma cell line 402 AX were used as target cells. A total of fifteen sera were identified as positive, six of them when tested against both sperm and tumour cells. Tail staining has been the most prevalent pattern of fluorescence on both human and murine spermatozoa. These observations suggest that antibody to a common teratoma-defined antigen(s) was detected in sera of patients with testicular tumours.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Nanoparticles within WWTP sludges have minimal impact on leachate quality and soil microbial community structure and function.

One of the main pathways by which engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) enter the environment is through land application of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) sewage sludges. WWTP sludges, enriched with Ag and ZnO ENPs or their corresponding soluble metal salts during anaerobic digestion and subsequently mixed with soil (targeting a final concentration of 1400 and 140 mg/kg for Zn and Ag, respectively), were subjected to 6 months of ageing and leaching in lysimeter columns outdoors. Amounts of Zn and Ag leached were very low, accounting for <0.3% and <1.4% of the total Zn and Ag, respectively. No differences in total leaching rates were observed between treatments of Zn or Ag originally input to WWTP as ENP or salt forms. Phospholipid fatty acid profiling indicated a reduction in the fungal component of the soil microbial community upon metal exposure. However, overall, the leachate composition and response of the soil microbial community following addition of sewage sludge enriched either with ENPs or metal salts was very similar.

Field of study: Environmental science
Optimization for hydrolyzing conditions of bioactive peptide from chicken albumen with neutral protease

The process of preparing of bioactive peptide from chicken albumen by neutral protease was studied. The factors of affecting process of hydrolysis were investigated. By determining the amino nitrogen content of enzymolysis liquid, it could be concluded that the best conditions for the hydrolysis of chicken albumen were: substrate pH8.0, hydrolyzing temperature 50 ℃, ratio of neutral protease 1.40%, concentration of substrate 70% and total hydrolysis time 5 h. Under these conditions, the amino nitrogen content of enzymolysis liquid could reach 1251.86 mg/kg.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Tissue heavy metal concentrations of stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in Southern California.

Concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Mn, Mo and Zn) were determined in the hepatic and renal tissues of 80 stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Significant age-dependant increases were observed in liver and kidney concentrations of cadmium and mercury, and renal zinc concentrations. Hepatic iron concentrations were significantly higher in females than males. Animals with suspected domoic acid associated pathological findings had significantly higher concentrations of liver and kidney cadmium; and significantly higher liver mercury concentrations when compared to animals classified with infectious disease or traumatic mortality. Significantly higher hepatic burdens of molybdenum and zinc were found in animals that died from infectious diseases. This is the largest study of tissue heavy metal concentrations in California sea lions to date. These data demonstrate how passive monitoring of stranded animals can provide insight into environmental impacts on marine mammals.

Field of study: Environmental science
Seasonal Adjustment of Economic Data by Application of the General Linear Statistical Model

This article presents a technique of seasonal adjustment of economic time series within the framework of the general linear statistical model. The technique is designed to be flexible enough to be applicable to varying types of economic time series. The first goal of the technique is the development of a specification that allows adequate flexibility in the estimation of the trend-cycle component of a time series. The second goal is the development of a method of handling changing seasonality. The results of applying the technique to simulated time series are presented. These are compared with the results of applying the Census X-11 method.

Field of study: Mathematics
Two-Dimensional Separation System by Coupling Capillary Isoelectric Focusing to Pressurized Capillary Electrochro-matography for Peptides Separation

A novel 2D platform combining capillary isoelectric focusing(cIEF)with pressurized capillary electrochromatography(pCEC)has been developed for off-line separation of peptides.The HPC coated capillary of cIEF was applied in the separation of standard proteins,and the average efficiency was around 310000.A homemade partition cell was induced in the end of cIEF capillary to make the collection of the eluting section more convenient.Compared to the capillary reversed phase liquid chromatography(CRPLC),the 6 kV voltage applied in the pCEC capillary enhanced the resolution of peptides,along with a faster velocity.The separation effectiveness of this cIEF/pCEC system was demonstrated using BSA tryptic digests.Theoretically,peak capacity of more than 30000 could be achieved.Moreover,this system was used for the separation of human red blood cell lysate digests.More than 200 peaks were detected in the 7 fractions from cIEF.The power of this system could be further enhanced by increasing the number of cIEF fractions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Setting priorities in the new NHS: can purchasers use cost-utility information?

It could be argued that the success of the new NHS depends, to some extent, on the production of accurate cost-utility information. This raises questions about the quality of this information, whether it can be transferred from one study setting to another and whether such information can reasonably be used 'at the negotiating table'. The quality of some studies is open to question. Some agreement is needed on issues of principle and more work is required to make cost-utility analyses more applicable locally.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Application-Independent Link Processing

The use of a hypertext link service to augment the WWW has been demonstrated in an experimental environment. Now that the WWW community is addressing the issues of hypertext linking in the form of XLL, it is necessary to look hard at the issues of link semantics. Of particular interest is how semantics can be communicated to a general browser, given the contrasting approaches of link interpretation from the SGML and hypertext research communities.

Field of study: Computer science
Elliptic Flow from a Beam Energy Scan: a signature of a phase transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma

We employ a relativistic transport theory to describe the fireball expansion of the matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (uRHICs). Developing an approach to fix locally the shear viscosity to entropy density $\eta/s$, we study the impact of a temperature dependent $\eta/s(T)$ on the build-up of the elliptic flow, $v_2$, a measure of the angular anisotropy in the particle production. Beam Energy Scan from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= \rm 62.4 GeV$ at RHIC up to 2.76 TeV at LHC has shown that the $v_2(p_T)$ as a function of the transverse momentum $p_T$ appears to be nearly invariant with energy. We show that such a surprising behavior is determined by a rise and fall of $\eta/s(T)$ with a minimum at $T\sim T_c$, as one would expect if the matter undergoes a phase transition or a cross-over. This provides an evidence for phase transition occurring in the uRHIC's and a first constraint on the temperature dependence of $\eta/s$. In particular, a constant $\eta/s$ at all temperatures or a too strong T-dependence would cause a breaking of the scaling of $v_2(p_T)$ with the energy.

Field of study: Physics
The family physician and the adolescent.

The family physician has a very important role to play in helping the adolescent on his way to maturity, which is often a very rocky path but once successfully completed is most rewarding for both physician and patient. The three things which I feel are of paramount importance to the family physician are: 1) to be sensitive to the unspoken fears and guilts and fantasies which are very powerful in the adolescent, 2) to be aware of his background and family life situation that one may understand his communication at all levels without barriers and inhibitions, and 3) the most important, to be non-judgemental, for the moment that a physician becomes judgemental with today's adolescent he really turns them off.

Field of study: Medicine
The role and mechanism of action of sperm PLC-zeta in mammalian fertilisation.

At mammalian fertilisation, the fundamental stimulus that triggers oocyte (egg) activation and initiation of early embryonic development is an acute rise of the intracellular-free calcium (Ca2+) concentration inside the egg cytoplasm. This essential Ca2+ increase comprises a characteristic series of repetitive Ca2+ oscillations, starting soon after sperm-egg fusion. Over the last 15 years, accumulating scientific and clinical evidence supports the notion that the physiological stimulus that precedes the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations is a novel, testis-specific phospholipase C (PLC) isoform, known as PLC-zeta (PLCζ). Sperm PLCζ catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate triggering cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signalling pathway. PLCζ is the smallest known mammalian PLC isoform with the most elementary domain organisation. However, relative to somatic PLCs, the PLCζ isoform possesses a unique potency in stimulating Ca2+ oscillations in eggs that is attributed to its novel biochemical characteristics. In this review, we discuss the latest developments that have begun to unravel the vital role of PLCζ at mammalian fertilisation and decipher its unique mechanism of action within the fertilising egg. We also postulate the significant potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacity of PLCζ in alleviating certain types of male infertility.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Challenges for integration of the Polish fishing sector into marine spatial planning (MSP): do fishers and planners tell the same story?

In this paper, we explore the Polish fishers' perception of marine spatial planning (MSP) processes off the Polish coast. Our research is guided by the radical approach to MSP which, at its centre, places the interplay between MSP actors and their stakes. Our approach certainly considers the relationship of MSP with politics and power, questioning the rational choice. Hence, we have selected fishers as a group which is often recognised as less privileged, with no or little influence on MSP. Firstly, using semi-structured interviews, we investigated the ways in which fishers identify the challenges inhibiting their meaningful participation in MSP. The fishers pointed out data and knowledge gaps as well as a perceived limited agency in decision-making. However, misconceptions about MSP, i.e., equating MSP to off-shore wind farms, appeared to be the most significant short-term challenge. Secondly, through a focus group with MSP planners, we explored what the planners recognised as barriers to the fishers' active participation, and gauged the planners' awareness regarding the problems identified by the fishers. Both groups, fishers and planners, identified similar challenges. The major difference between these two groups was the issue of who should be responsible for addressing the concerns they identified. We conclude that much of the fishers’ reluctance towards MSP stemmed from their negative experiences in previous marine management initiatives, leading to a general lack of trust among the members of this group. We speculate that this lack of trust could have been diminished through a properly implemented stakeholder mapping in the pre-planning phase. However, the schedule stipulated by the EU MSP Directive, i.e., to prepare the plans before early 2021, did not allow the necessary time for the accomplishment of this step. We, thus, postulate that the stakeholder consultation process should be decoupled from formal MSP, and it should be most active in the pre-planning phase.

Field of study: Environmental science