nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Halogenated Natural Products in Dolphins: Brain-Blubber Distribution and Comparison with Halogenated Flame Retardants.

Halogenated natural products (MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, MeO-PBDEs, Q1, and related PMBPs) and halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, HBB, Dec 602, Dec 603, and DP) in blubber and brain are reported from five Alboran Sea delphinids (Spain). Both HNPs and HFRs were detected in brain, implying that they are able to surpass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, which represents a new finding for some compounds, such as Q1 and PMBPs, MHC-1, TriBHD, TetraBHD, or Dec 603. Moreover, some compounds (TetraBHD, BDE-153, or HBB) presented higher levels in brain than in blubber. This study evidence the high concentrations of HNPs in the marine environment, especially in top predators. It shows the importance of further monitoring these natural compounds and evaluating their potential toxicity, when most studies focus on anthropogenic compounds only. While no bioaccumulation was found for ∑HNPs, ∑HFRs increased significantly with body size for both common and striped dolphins. Studies evaluating BBB permeation mechanisms of these compounds together with their potential neurotoxic effects in dolphins are recommended.

Field of study: Environmental science
Contactless Determination of Critical Current Density of Superconducting Films

Superconducting films are a fundamental part of wires for high field solenoid winding, cables for lossless electric current transport, or superconducting electronics. We discuss an inductive method of contactless estimation of the critical depinning current density in films and its temperature dependence. The method is based on a measurement of the magnetic moment of the film induced in an applied ac magnetic field oriented perpendicularly to the film. Mapping of the ac susceptibility computed on the basis of model magnetization loops and measured magnetization loops as a function of the applied field and temperature allows unambiguously find the critical current density and its temperature dependence. This way, for example, a flux line pinning strength can be assess. The obtained results are important both for development of models and materials with a high critical depinning current density. Also, the contactless measurement of the induced magnetic moment allows a continuous production quality control.

Field of study: Physics
Attention in Relation to Coding and Planning in Reading.

A group of 50 skilled readers and a group of 50 less-skilled readers of Grade 5 matched for age and intelligence and selected on the basis of their proficiency in reading comprehension were tested for their competence in word reading and the processes of attention, simultaneous coding, successive coding and planning at three levels, i.e., perceptual, memory, and conceptual in order to study the relationship of attention with the processes of coding and planning at these levels and their contribution to the reading achievement of children. Results of t test and correlational analysis suggest that all the processes are related significantly to the two skills of reading at conceptual level, whereas, successive coding and planning are related significantly to reading at perceptual and memory level also. Attention, the basic cognitive process, at the same time showed significant relationship with simultaneous processing at all the three levels, whereas, conceptual attention was found to have significant relationship with successive processing at memory level and planning at conceptual level. The results have been discussed in terms of functional aspects of the brain structures underlying cognitive activities including reading and suggestions have been made for the remediation of reading difficulties of children.

Field of study: Education
RADIATION GRAFTING OF POWDERY HDPE

The radiation effect of powdery HDPE was studied,and was shown to be different behavior from sheet or film HDPE.Some factors affecting radiation grafting in solid state powdery HDPE like dose,dose rate,monomer kinds,were investigated in detail.The characteristics of grafted HDPE such as melting temperature,crystallinity,decomposition temperature and decomposition activation energy were analyzed.Compared to the ungrafted HDPE, the grafted HDPE has better cohesive force and flexibility.The influence of various groups on cohesive force and flexibility was studied.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Caldera-collapse breccias in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado

In four large Oligocene calderas in the western San Juan Mountains – Lake City, Silverton, San Juan, and Uncompahgre – spectacular breccias are intermixed with thick intracaldera ash-flow tuffs that accumulated during caldera collapse. These breccias are divided into two intergradational types: (1) mesobreccia in which numerous small clasts are visible within single outcrops and (2) megabreccia in which many clasts are so large that the fragmental nature of the deposit is obscure in many individual outcrops.

In general, mesobreccia occurs as thin tabular deposits locally interlayered with upper parts of the intracaldera ash-flow accumulations; it is readily interpretable as resulting from small- to medium-sized rock falls and rock slides from the caldera walls. In contrast, megabreccia is dominant in the lower part of the caldera-filling sequence and contains only minor intermixed ash-flow material. Megabreccia is difficult to distinguish from pre-collapse caldera floor in places, but local lenses of welded tuff near the deepest stratigraphic levels exposed within the calderas indicate that these rocks are mostly megabreccia that resulted from major slumping and caving of caldera walls during the initial stages of caldera collapse. An especially large megabreccia unit within the San Juan and Uncompahgre calderas is here named the Picayune Megabreccia Member of the Sapinero Mesa Tuff.

Megabreccias similar to those in the western San Juan calderas occur in other eroded collapse structures in the western United States, and the presence of such deposits may be useful guides to the roots of caldera structures in deeply eroded, highly altered, or structurally complex volcanic terranes.

Field of study: Geology
TU‐C‐AUD B‐08: Identification of a 3D Dosimeter Best‐Suited for Use by the RPC

To characterize several 3D dosimeters and identify one that is best‐suited for use by the RPC in its anthropomorphic phantoms. This study will also provide useful data to other researchers when selecting a 3D dosimeter.  Three different dosimeters were investigated in this study: PRESAGE™ (a polyurethane and leuko dye dosimeter), and BANG® and PAGAT polymergels. Each dosimeter was characterized to determine the dose response, linearity, reproducibility, spatial stability, and dose resolution. Both MRI and OCT were used to identify the best‐suited imaging modality for each polymergel formulation. Goals were established for each parameter. These were used to evaluate the dosimeters' characteristics and identify the dosimeter best‐suited for use by the RPC.  Each 3D dosimeter demonstrated a useful dose range up to 10 Gy. Only the BANG® dosimeter provided a linear dose response over this range. The uncertainty in the determination of the response of the dosimeter was ∼2% when imaged with OCT; however, MRI yielded uncertainties < 1%. The low uncertainties achievable with MRI resulted in improved dose resolution. OCT required shorter imaging times than MRI;OCT produced planar images in 30 seconds. The BANG and PAGAT dosimeters displayed overshoots in response adjacent to regions of high dose gradient. No response overshoots were observed in PRESAGE™ dosimeters irradiated with steep gradients. The intra and inter‐batch reproducibilities of PRESAGE™ exceed the goals established for these parameters. The spatial stability and reproducibility of the polymergel formulations is in progress.  This study provides a framework for evaluating 3D dosimeters and identifying one best‐suited for a particular use. This study also provides the first comparison of polymergels characterized with both MRI and OCT. The investigation was supported by PHS grant CA 10953 awarded by the NCI, DHHS.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Cryogenic system for a large superconducting magnet in space

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics experiment for use on the International Space Station (ISS). At the heart of the detector will be a large superconducting magnet cooled to a temperature of 1.8 K by 2500 liters of superfluid helium. The magnet and cryogenic system are currently under construction by Space Cryomagnetics Ltd of Culham, England. This paper describes the cryogenic system for the magnet, designed for the unusual challenges of operating a superconducting system in space. Results from experiments demonstrating some of the new techniques and devices developed for the magnet cryogenics are also presented.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Sand Priming to Seed Germination and Vigor of Sweet Corn

Two sweet corn varieties (Wanyu 10, Antian 3) were selected as materials to study the effect of sand priming with different water contents to their germination and seed vigor.The result showed that not only indexes of seedling growth test including germination energy,plumule length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, germination index, vigor index, but also plumule fresh weight, plumule dry weight and simple vigor index of low temperature test were obviously increased by different sand priming treatments, while the mean length of incubation time was declined obviously. The effects of sand priming to electrical conductivity of sweet corn varieties were different. There were positive correlations between electrical conductivities and seed vigor index, seedling rate of simulated field condition in Wanyu 10, and negative correlations between them in Antian 3.Based on this experiment, the most suitable water content of sand priming base for the two sweet corn varieties was 7.4%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Design of Serial Communication based on MSP430F149 and CVI6.0

After giving a brief introduction of MSP430 series single-chip controller and a virtual instrument and software development environment-CVI6.0. This paper discusses and realizes how MSP430F149 communicates with RS-232 interface of PC. Then the paper describe the serial communicate program of CVI6.0. This design of serial communication is efficient,practicable,and is a good way of data communication for a testing system.

Field of study: Computer science
Nitrification exhibits Haldane kinetics in an agricultural soil treated with ammonium sulfate or dairy-waste compost.

An agricultural soil was treated with dairy-waste compost, ammonium-sulfate fertilizer or no added nitrogen (control) and planted to silage corn for 6 years. The kinetics of nitrification were determined in laboratory-shaken slurry assays with a range of substrate concentrations (0-20 mM NH(4)(+)) over a 24-h period for soils from the three treatments. Determined concentrations of substrate and product were fit to Michaelis-Menten and Haldane models. For all the treatments, the Haldane model was a better fit, suggesting that significant nitrification inhibition may occur in soils under high ammonium conditions similar to those found immediately after fertilization or waste applications. The maximum rate of nitrification (V(max)) was significantly higher for the fertilized and compost-treated soils (1.74 and 1.50 mmol N kg(-1) soil day(-1)) vs. control soil (0.98 mmol kg(-1) soil day(-1)). The K(m) and K(i) values were not significantly different, with average values of 0.02 and 27 mM NH(4)(+), respectively. Our results suggest that both N sources increased nitrifier community size, but did not shift the nitrifier community structure in ways that influenced enzyme affinity or sensitivity to ammonium. The K(m) values are comparable to those determined directly in other soils, but are substantially lower than those from most pure cultures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Hetarenes with a bridge nitrogen atom. 6. Ambident properties of the oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium nucleus in reactions with nucleophiles: Prediction and experiment

We have studied the problem of ambident opening of five-membered and six-membered rings of the heteroaromatic oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium cation. A quantum chemical SINDO1 calculation of the energies of isomeric adducts of this cation with nucleophiles predicts preferential formation of the C9-adduct in the case of OH and SH ions with opening of the oxazole fragment, while for nitrogen-containing nucleophiles (NH2, NMe2) attack at the C(5) atom is also likely with opening of the pyridine fragment. We have experimentally observed that this cation undergoes opening of the five-membered ring in reaction with NaSH, opening of the six-membered ring in reaction with piperidine, and opening of both rings in reaction with ammonia.

Field of study: Chemistry
Location and Gender Differences in Deviant Behavior among Primary School Teachers

Any behavior that does not conform to social organizational norms is considered deviant. Observing school timings, teaching classes regularly and behaving properly with students and colleagues are basic school norms. This study was conducted to test whether there is any deviation in organizational, interpersonal, behavior, among rural-urban male-female primary school teachers. The results revealed higher organizational deviations among primary school teachers as compared to interpersonal deviation. Male teachers show greater degree of deviation. The remedial measures demand incentives (performance based promotion), motivation, appreciation, proper monitoring system and training facilities.

Field of study: Business
Evaluation of CFD turbulence models for simulating external airflow around varied building roof with wind tunnel experiment

Detailed airflow information around a building can be crucial for the design of naturally ventilated systems and for exhaust air dispersion practices in agricultural buildings like greenhouses and livestock buildings. Full-scale measurements are cost-intensive and difficult to achieve due to varied wind conditions. A common method to gain insight of flow field under different wind conditions is the numerical simulation by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Still, evaluation of a CFD models’ performance and validation of its predictions with high quality experimental data is necessary before the model is used in practice. In this research three types of common agricultural buildings, arched-type, pitched-type and flat-type roof, were examined by conducting experiments in a wind tunnel with controlled airflow conditions, in order to validate different 3D turbulence models for predicting airflow patterns. The focus of this work was the detailed description of the external airflow field over the varied roof geometries and especially the velocity distribution and turbulent kinetic energy in the wake of each building. Experimental measurements of velocity were performed with a Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) and were compared with 3D RANS turbulence models’ simulation results. A reasonable agreement was found between experimental and simulation results concerning the velocity and the turbulence kinetic energy with CFD models slightly underestimating these magnitudes. The k-ε series turbulence models and especially the standard k-ε, RNG k-ε and Realizable k-ε models presented good agreement concerning velocity contours; however, high prediction error occurred over the roof of the buildings compared to the average values.

Field of study: Engineering
The strength of Malaysian maritime cluster: The development of maritime policy

A comprehensive maritime industry policy that can be adequately monitored to achieve a competitive advantage is important. The Malaysian maritime industry comprises multifaceted sectors that are governed by fragmented governmental agencies. In this research, we investigated the Malaysian maritime industry cluster comprising three main sectors: Shipping, Ship Industry, Ports and Terminals. The Strength Indicator Model has been developed to reveals the maritime industry cluster. We find that the Competitions, Locations, Connections, Government and Chances factors affect the capability of the Malaysian maritime industry cluster. The result of this study will give a framework for Regulatory bodies and the various stakeholders to support the Malaysia maritime industry progressing toward a more competitive and sustainable development of the industry with the aim to become the developed maritime nation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) from Siniperca chuatsi: development of a PCR detection method and new evidence of iridovirus.

A PCR based detection procedure for infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) from Siniperca chuatsi was developed by using a pair of primers which were designed from the sequence of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (RNRS) gene of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). The clone and sequence analysis of the PCR product confirmed that ISKNV is a iridovirus.

Field of study: Biology
Identification of the factors associated with compliance to therapeutic diets in older adults with end stage renal disease.

To identify theory based factors pertinent to compliance with therapeutic diets.



A paper and pencil survey was read to volunteer hemodialysis patients in outpatient dialysis clinics.



A convenience sample of 276 hemodialysis patients aged 50 years and older who agreed to be interviewed during treatment.



Descriptive statistics were used to report responses to all survey questions. The Fisher exact test was used to test associations between the dependent variable, dietary compliance, and independent variables, which included knowledge, perceived severity of illness, attitudes toward compliance, environmental factors, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and perceived health benefits. Principal Components Analysis determined final scale items. Logistic regression was used to develop a model of independent variables profiling the compliant patient.



Subjects were more likely to be compliant if they indicated favorable attitudes toward compliance (P =.0076), a supportive environment (P =.0107), and knowledge about their diet (P =.0014). A logistic regression model of compliance indicated that subjects who followed their special diets were more likely to have higher knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.006, 1.186), perceived fewer barriers (OR = 1.094, 95% CI = 0.841, 1.226), being white race (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.399, 1.263), and having gout (OR = 9.349, 95% CI = 1.139, 76.714).



Health professionals should apply these findings in providing dietary education focused on improving not just knowledge, but attitudes and family support. Nutrition education and health promotion applications geared to non-white populations could be particularly important as tools to improve dietary compliance.

Field of study: Medicine
Psychometric Properties and Cut-off Scores of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Turkish Adolescents

The current study examined the psychometric properties and cut-off scores of the Beck Depression Inventory II in Turkish adolescents. A total of 503 non-clinical and 166 clinical adolescents participated in the study. Test-retest (r = .89) and internal consistency (α = .90) reliabilities, convergent validity (r = .81) and discriminant validities (r = .39, r = .49 and r = .42) were satisfactory. Exploratory factor analyses yielded two factors. The cut-off score for mild depression in Turkish adolescents was lower than that reported previously for adults. The findings are discussed in relation to those of previous studies conducted in other countries.

Field of study: Psychology
Phase change materials embedded in porous matrices for hybrid thermal energy storages: Experimental results and modeling

It is well-known that the use of the latent heat absorption phenomenon associated with the melting process of a suitable Phase Change Material (PCM) can be considered an effective way to improve energy storage capabilities in many applications. This work experimentally investigates the effects of six open-cell aluminum foams and of a 3-D periodic aluminum structure during the phase change process of a paraffin wax with melting temperatures of 40 °C in a hybrid water thermal storage unit. The storage is set at two different temperatures (50 °C and 60 °C) during the melting process, and at around 23 °C during the solidification one. Moreover, in order to simulate the possible advantages of hybrid water thermal energy storages, a Trnsys Type developed to simulate the loading (melting) and unloading (solidification) processes of paraffin waxes for latent thermal energy storages is presented and validated against the data collected during experimental tests.

Field of study: Engineering
Doppelte Coulomb-Anregung bei der Streuung von Kernen an Kernen

ZusammenfassungBeim Zusammenstoß zweier schwerer Kerne besteht die Möglichkeit einer gleichzeitigen Anregung beider Kerne über die elektrostatische Multipolwechselwirkung. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit solcher Prozesse wird im Anschluß an die Methode vonAlder undWinther für einfache Anregung ausgerechnet. Dabei ergeben sich Wirkungsquerschnitte bis zu 50 mb bei Energien von 100 MeV mittelschwerer Kerne.

Field of study: Physics
Das Gebiet der Pyroxen führenden Gesteine im westlichen Uusimaa in Südfinnland

ZusammenfassungDas zu der Amphibolitfazies Süd- und Südwestfinnlands gehörende archäische Grundgebirge gehört zum Wurzelgebiet der Svecofenniden, in dem die suprakrustalen, von der Ultrametamorphose und Granitisierung verschont gebliebenen Gesteine durch Leptite und vulkanogene Amphibolite, die magmatischen hauptsächlich durch Gneisgranite und Migmatitgranite vertreten sind. Die Untersuchungsarbeiten, die in den letzten Jahren in diesem Teil unseres Landes, von dem nur eine veraltete Kartierung vorlag, ausgeführt worden sind, haben immerhin einen überraschenden Sachverhalt aufgedeckt: im Zentrum des Wurzelgebietes liegt eine klar zu umgrenzende Formation, deren Gesteine, Fazies und Tektonik von der Umgebung dadurch abweichen, daß statt der für unser Grundgebirge kennzeichnenden Leptite und Amphibolite Pyroxengneise und Ca-reiche Diopsidamphibolite sowie als Vertreter der Tiefengesteine Pyroxendiorite vorkommen. Die Paragenesenregeln der in den Gesteinen herrschenden Mineralvergesellschaftungen gehören zu einer Fazies, derer Druck- und Temperaturverhältnisse nahe denjenigen der Granulitfazies stehen müssen, und die vorläufig die Benennung Pyroxengneisfazies erhalten hat. Die tektonische b-Achse nimmt eine verhältnismäßig flache Lage ein, während sie dagegen anderswo in Südfinnland im allgemeinen steil oder vertikal ist.Die bisherige Untersuchung richtete sich darauf, zu ermitteln, in welchen Hinsichten und auf welche Weise das Gebiet der Pyroxengneisfazies von dem übrigen Felsgrund abweicht. Als nächste Aufgabe bleibt die Beantwortung der Frage, wie alles das zu verstehen und zu erklären ist.

Field of study: Environmental science