nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of ejector cooling systems using low ecological impact refrigerants

The theoretical behaviour of an ejector cooling system, using as working fluids propane, butane, isobutane, R152a and R134a, is obtained. The ejector works as a thermo-compressor that is simulated with a validated one-dimensional mathematical model, whose errors are lower than 6%. For a system unitary cooling capacity, a parametric study is carried out varying the generation, condensation and evaporation temperatures. From the obtained data, a complete analysis of the system performance can be achieved when the ejector and system operation parameters are considered. The best performance corresponds to the system using propane, because has the highest system coefficient of performance and its ejector has the maximum entrainment ratio value, the least area ratio value and the highest efficiency value. The considered generation temperature ranging from 70 °C to 95 °C is appropriate for low-grade energy sources assisting thermal cooling systems. After this system performance, come those in which R152a and R134a are employed, with isobutane and butane at the end. The obtained results represent potential design points of an efficient ejector cooling system operation, because to each combination of the above mentioned temperatures corresponds one and only one ejector geometry.

Field of study: Engineering
Anti‐oxidant enzyme activities and expression and oxidative damage in patients with non‐immediate reactions to drugs

Adverse drug reactions with an immunological basis (ADRIB) may involve activation of other concomitant, non‐specific mechanisms, amplifying the specific response and contributing to the severity and duration. One concomitant mechanism could be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or their detoxification by anti‐oxidants, including anti‐oxidant enzymes. We analysed the activity of the anti‐oxidant enzymes Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as certain markers of oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl content) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with non‐immediate ADRIB using spectrophotometric methods and the anti‐oxidant enzymes expression by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. SOD activity and expression were increased in all types of non‐immediate reactions (urticaria, maculopapular exanthema and toxic epidermal necrolysis). Regarding oxidative damage, TBARS were increased in urticaria and maculopapular exanthema, and carbonyl groups in all types of reactions. Our observations indicate that oxidative damage occurs in non‐immediate reactions. Carbonyl stress and the inadequacy of the anti‐oxidant defences are probable causes.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Case II Waters Using MODIS and MERIS Data—Successes and Challenges

We present and discuss here the results of our work using MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) and MERIS (medium resolution imaging spectrometer) satellite data to estimate the concentration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) in reservoirs of the Dnieper River and the Sea of Azov, which are typical case II waters, i.e., turbid and productive. Our objective was to test the potential of satellite remote sensing as a tool for near-real-time monitoring of chl-a distribution in these water bodies. We tested the performance of a recently developed three-band model, and its special case, a two-band model, which use the reflectance at red and near-infrared wavelengths for the retrieval of chl-a concentration. The higher spatial resolution and the availability of a spectral band at around 708 nm with the MERIS data offered great promise for these models. We compared results from several different atmospheric correction procedures available for MODIS and MERIS data. No one particular procedure was consistently and systematically better than the rest. Nevertheless, even in the absence of a perfect atmospheric correction procedure, both the three-band and the two-band models showed promising results when compared with in situ chl-a measurements. The challenges and limitations involved in satellite remote monitoring of the chl-a distribution in turbid productive waters are discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Kuelshammer ideals and the scalar problem for blocks with dihedral defect groups

In by now classical work, K. Erdmann classified blocks of finite groups with dihedral defect groups (and more generally algebras of dihedral type) up to Morita equivalence. In the explicit description by quivers and relations of such algebras with two simple modules, several subtle problems about scalars occurring in relations remained unresolved. In particular, for the dihedral case it is a longstanding open question whether blocks of finite groups can occur for both possible scalars 0 and 1. In this article, using Kuelshammer ideals (a.k.a. generalized Reynolds ideals), we provide the first examples of blocks where the scalar is 1, thus answering the above question to the affirmative. Our examples are the principal blocks of PGL_2(F_q), the projective general linear group of 2x2-matrices with entries in the finite field F_q, where q=p^n\equiv \pm 1 mod 8, with p an odd prime number.

Field of study: Mathematics
Multicopy integrants of crt genes and co-expression of AMP deaminase improve lycopene production in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Lycopene has been broadly studied in recent decades due to its health benefits including cancer prevention, anti-atherogenic and anti-obesity effects, and modulation of the immune system. To obtain efficient synthesis of lycopene, extensive researches have been conducted in various microbial cells, including Yarrowia lipolytica, to heterologously produce lycopene using various genetic and metabolic engineering methods. In this study, the effects of copy numbers of lycopene synthesis genes, a variety of key central metabolic genes (especially AMP deaminase-encoding gene AMPD), and 5-L fermenter cultivation on lycopene production in Y. lipolytica were investigated and the engineered strains with significantly enhanced lycopene content (46-60 mg/g DCW) were achieved. It is therefore possible to make use of the obtained strains to meet the industrial demand of lycopene production on the basis of further genetic and process optimization.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Lutetian magnetostratigraphic calibration of larger foraminifera zonation (SBZ) in the Southern Pyrenees: The Isuela section

In this paper, we present a chronostratigraphic calibration of the shallow benthic zones (SBZs) of larger foraminifera during Lutetian times based on new magnetostratigraphic data (Isuela section) and two new densely sampled biostratigraphic sections (Isuela and Gabardiella). These sections are located in the External Sierras (Southern Pyrenees) and represent an ideal location to avoid previous chronostratigraphic problems. 1) They belong to a shallow carbonate shelf environment with abundant larger foraminifera, which ensure the reliability of SBZ data. 2) The time span covers almost the entire Lutetian interval. 3) The profiles are sufficiently long to establish trustworthy local scales, both the SBZs (520 m and 760 m in Isuela and Gabardiella respectively) and the paleomagnetic local polarity sequence (LPS) (520 m). 4) The excellent outcropping conditions also permit a detailed paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic sampling to be performed. The LPS at the Isuela section was built after sampling every 2.6 m. In total, more than 359 samples were thermal (244) and alternating field (115) demagnetized. Characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) usually dropped at 560 °C. Only 43% the samples (359 demagnetizations) gave reliable directions (high quality) for the LPS. A further short section (Gas line) was also cored (38 samples in 90 m) to obtain more detailed data for the upper part of the section. At the Isuela section, the results allow three pairs of trustable magnetozones to be assembled within the Lutetian. A further 255 samples were taken for biostratigraphic purposes, 55 sites at the Isuela and 52 at the Gabardiella sections being determinant. This density enabled a thorough study of changes in fossil associations to be performed. Assuming a constant accumulation rate within the chron boundaries, absolute ages have been estimated for the biostratigraphic boundaries. Combining all these data allows the previous calibration of SBZ during Lutetian times in the geological time scale to be refined. In particular, with this new data, we identify the SBZ 13/SBZ 14 boundary at 44.46 Ma reaching C20r; a boundary interval spanning from SBZ 14 to SBZ 15 (41.36 and 42.45 Ma) is found within C20n and C19n; and, finally, the top of SBZ 15 can be accurately located at 41.12 Ma (C19r).

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Effect of composite cross-linker on properties of cassava starch composite film

Tapioca starch and polyvinyl alcohol were cross-linked by the cross-linker.By means of single-factor experiments,the tensile strength of composite membranes was the main basis to determine the ratio of starch and polyvinyl alcohol,the type of crosslinker,the amount of crosslinking agent,crosslinking temperature and crosslinking time.The constructure of the composite membrane was analyzed by IR.The experimental results showed that: starch and polyvinyl alcohol have taken place in a better cross-linking,starch and polyvinyl alcohol for the best ratio of 5:3,crosslinker with the ratio of 1:1 for three satisfied metaphosphoric acid to boric acid,the amount of crosslinking agent about 0.2 g,the temperature of crosslinking is 130 ℃,crosslinking time is 3 h.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Synthesis and search for superconductivity in LiBC

Following the recent theoretical prediction of superconductivity in hole doped LiBC by Rosner et al. , we have attempted to synthesize Li deficient LixBC (x=1, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4) and looked for superconductivity in this system. Our synthesis procedure, following the recipe for MgB2, involves reaction of elemental components in a Ta crucible at 900 °C under 50 bar of argon pressure. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the formation of P63/mmc structure up to x=0.6. However, no diamagnetic signal or zero resistance, corresponding to the superconducting transition, were observed in the temperature range of 4–300 K. This is possibly related to the presence of disorder in the B–C stacking; evidence for which is suggested from a study of the vibrational modes of LixBC through infrared spectroscopy.

Field of study: Physics
On Learning Methods in Higher Education:Origin,Views and Future Trends

There has been over 40 years since the research on learning in higher education.Learning methods research is the main part in this research field.Today,many scholars have recognized that it is the basic work to reorganize the related research on learning methods.Firstly,based on the qualitative empirical research,Sweden scholars summarized two types of learning methods,which are deep learning and surface learning.English and Australian researchers further design questionnaire to do quantitative research on students' learning methods.Lastly,as to the future trend of development,the learning sciences provide new research method to help researchers do more ground-rooted research,more research projects focused on non-western college students and compare the difference between eastern and western people,etc.Then,we should pay more attention to some apparent future development trends in research content,research method,research objects and research horizon.

Field of study: Education
Positive Feedback From Male Authority Figures Boosts Women’s Math Outcomes

People often search for cues in the environment to determine whether or not they will be judged or treated negatively based on their social identities. Accordingly, feedback from gatekeepers—members of majority groups who hold authority and power in a field—may be an especially important cue for those at risk of experiencing social identity threat, such as women in math settings. Across a series of studies, women who received positive (“Good job!”) versus objective (score only) feedback from a male (vs. female) authority figure in math reported greater confidence; belonging; self-efficacy; more favorable Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) attitudes/identification/interest; and greater implicit identification with math. Men were affected only by the type of math feedback they received, not by the source of feedback. A meta-analysis across studies confirmed results. Together, these findings suggest that positive feedback from gatekeepers is an important situational cue that can improve the outcomes of negatively stereotyped groups.

Field of study: Psychology
The effects of database complexity on SQL query formulation

In Structured Query Language (SQL) education, students often execute queries against a simple exercise database. Recently, databases that are more realistic have been utilized to the effect that students find exercises more interesting and useful, as these databases more accurately mimic databases students are likely to encounter in their future work environments. However, using even the most engaging database can be counterproductive to learning, if a student is not able to formulate correct queries due to the complexity of the database schema. Scientific evidence on the effects of database complexity on student’s query formulation is limited, and with queries from 744 students against three databases of varying logical complexity, we set out to study how database complexity affects the success rates in query formulation. The success rates against a simple database were significantly higher than against a semi-complex and a complex database, which indicates that it is easier for students to write SQL queries against simpler databases. This suggests, at least in the scale of our exercise databases, that educators should also consider the negative effects of more realistic databases, even though they have been shown to increase student engagement.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Clara cell protein: concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and amniotic fluid.

Clara cell protein (CC16) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent. It is produced mainly in the respiratory and urogenital tracts. CC16 has been quantified in serum, but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to examine CSF CC16 in relation to age, gender and serum CC16, and to examine CC16 levels in parturients. If CC16 levels are increased with age and during pregnancy, it may be responsible for the attenuation of inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis during these conditions. CC16 was measured in CSF and serum taken just before Caesarean section (n=33) or just before an elective surgical procedure in females (n=52) or males (n=31). Fetal serum, amniotic fluid, and maternal urine were also sampled during Caesarean section. CC16 levels in CSF did not differ between parturients and an age and gender matched non-pregnant group, but was higher in male than in female patients. There was a significant and positive relationship between age and CSF CC16 levels and between serum and CSF CC16 levels. Fetal CC16 was significantly and positively correlated with amniotic fluid CC16. The present study suggests that CC16 found in CSF originates from passive diffusion from blood, and that CC16 found in amniotic fluid is derived from the fetal lung. During pregnancy, CC16 does not appear to contribute to alterations which occur in the progression of inflammatory disorders.

Field of study: Medicine
Strong convergence of a new composite iterative method for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems

In this paper, we propose a new composite iterative method for finding a common point of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space. It is proved that the sequence generated by the iterative scheme converges strongly to a common point of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings. Our results improve and extend the corresponding ones announced by many others.

Field of study: Mathematics
Expanding Comments Using Previously Responded Posts for Short Text Conversation in Open Social Media

We report a study on improving the retrieval of comments made to previous posts that can potentially be relevant to new posts in the open social media domain. This retrieval task, known as an important component of short text conversation, is challenging due to various reasons, among which is the fact that both posts and comments are usually very short, thus not providing enough context for typical information retrieval systems to be very effective. We designed a technique of expanding each comment by adding words to it that are selected from the post(s) that the comment previously responded to. Our experiment using a Sina WeiBo collection shows that by properly considering the number of posts that a comment has previously responded to, the number of responding comments of each of these posts, as well as the number of words to be selected for expansion, the proposed technique can result in slightly improved retrieval effectiveness. Furthermore, the technique can retrieve relevant comments that have not been returned by any other previous systems.

Field of study: Engineering
Neutron Star Properties in the Thomas-Fermi Model

The modern nucleon-nucleon interaction of Myers and Swiatecki, adjusted to the properties of finite nuclei, the parameters of the mass formula, and the behavior of the optical potential is used to calculate the properties of β-equilibrated neutron star matter, and to study the impact of this equation of state on the properties of (rapidly rotating) neutron stars and their cooling behavior. The results are in excellent agreement with the outcome of calculations performed for a broad collection of sophisticated nonrelativistic as well as relativistic models for the equation of state.

Field of study: Physics
FAST MULTIPOLE BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF 3-D TEMPERATURE FIELD OF PLANE MIRROR

Temperature difference leads to thermal deformation of the plane mirror,therefore affecting its working efficiency.In this paper,the fast boundary element method(BEM) based on quadratic element is applied for large-scale thermal analysis of the plane mirror.An introduction of the discontinuous element can treat the corner problem efficiently,and the new version of the fast multipole method is adopted to accelerate the BEM solution.A unified multipole expansion form for quadratic element is established to deal with mixed boundary conditions.In the numerical examples,both accuracy and efficiency of the fast multipole BEM are investigated and compared with the conventional algorithm.The proposed method is used to large-scale temperature calculation of the plane mirror and compared with finite element results.It is shown that the fast multipole BEM based on quadratic element is capable of large-scale 3-D thermal analysis with high accuracy.

Field of study: Engineering
An Information-Push System Design for Releasing Urban Environment Monitoring Results

Along with the advancement of urbanization,environmental quality has been much more concerned about.The release system of urban environment monitoring results becomes to be a more and more important information service.Push technology provides a certain technology in information service fields with the advantage of accurate,efficient and promptly.From the perspective of the information,this article describes the concept and features of push technology,analyses the meaning of an information-push service about urban environment monitoring results and the ways to build such a service.

Field of study: Environmental science
Surgical treatment of a large ruptured internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm.

Ruptured aneurysms with intraparenchymal hematoma and mass effect are primarily treated by surgical clipping. In this video presentation, a 68 year old male with a large ruptured right ICA bifurcation aneurysm is presented. Patient's neurological exam was rapidly deteriorating, therefore the patient was transferred to the operating theater after initial evaluation by CT and CT angiogram. A pterional craniotomy was performed, the frontal hematoma was partially removed and the aneurysm was clipped. Residual hematoma was removed after securing the aneurysm and the aneurysm dome was punctured(detail of surgical clipping in the video). Patient made a good recovery at 2 weeks post-op with complete recovery of left sided weakness, and some remaining cognitive deficit. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/dKFWptdgC4M .

Field of study: Medicine
Combined-stimulus control as a function of the response rate controlled by the absence of the single stimuli.

Rat's bar-press responses were maintained at moderate rates during separate presentations of light and tone by separate but concurrent variable-interval schedules of food and shock presentation. The relative response rate maintained during light-out-no-tone was alternated in four successive phases: in Phases 1 and 3 responding was maintained at a higher rate than that during light and tone alone by a variable-interval food schedule, while in Phases 2 and 4 responding was reduced to a lower rate by a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior food schedule. In test presentations of light, tone and a light-plus-tone combination, administered at the end of each phase, the proportion of responses emitted during light-plus-tone was an inverse function of the relative response rate controlled by light-out-no-tone, indicating that the relative training response rate controlled by the absence of the single stimuli determined the control exerted by the combined stimuli. Different relative response rates maintained in training may also be partly responsible for previously observed differences in the form of generalization gradients following the establishment of multi-stimulus control.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology