nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Ceramic Oxide On The Ionic Conductivity Of Polymer Electrolytes

Composite polymer electrolytes consisting of polymers poly (acrylonitrile)(PAN), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate(PC) as plasticizers, lithium tetra fluoro borate (LiBF4) as a salt and TiO2 as an inert ceramic additive are prepared by solvent casting technique. The complex formation has been confirmed from XRD and FTIR studies and the thermal stability of the film is ascertained from TG/DTA studies. The maximum conductivity value is found to be 7.475iÂ´10-4S/cm for PAN(15)-PMMA(5)-LiBF4-(8)- EC(42)-PC(30)+15wt% TiO2 film. The effect of TiO2 concentration on ionic conductivity was studied using ac impedance spectroscopy and the results are discussed.

Field of study: Materials science
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure differently affects allergic asthma exacerbations and its amelioration by intranasal curcumin in mice.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is ubiquitous in the environment and can therefore, exacerbate allergic responses. Studies have suggested immunoregulatory effects of LPS according to route, dose and stage of exposure. Present study has examined whether dose and stage of LPS exposure (during sensitization and challenge with OVA) exacerbates airway inflammations, antigen specific-IgE level, histamine release, Th1/Th2 cytokine response. Further, anti-asthmatic potential of curcumin, through intranasal route has been evaluated for the first time in LPS induced airway inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse asthma model.



Balb/c mice were first sensitized with OVA on 1st and 8th day and exposed to two LPS doses (0.1/1.0 μg) separately on 2nd day and then further exposed to LPS with OVA-aerosol (from 9 to 14 day). Further, lower LPS dose (0.1 μg) was chosen for OVA exposed mouse model of asthma exacerbation study. Intranasal curcumin was administered from 9th to 14th day before every LPS exposure.



Exposure to LPS (0.1 μg) exacerbates airway inflammations in terms of IgE level, Th2-cytokine response (IL-4 and IL-5), histamine release, EPO and MPO activities and oxidative stress. Intranasal curcumin has effectively ameliorated airway exacerbations whereas dexamethasone, a known glucocorticosteroid, was not promising as compared to intranasal curcumin.



Schedule and dose of LPS exposure determines asthma exacerbations and intranasal curcumin could be better immunomodulatory agent in LPS exposed asthma exacerbations.

Field of study: Medicine
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIORS OF ASSEMBLED MONOLITHIC CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS BUILT WITH PRECAST TWO-WAY HOLLOW SLABS

An innovated precast concrete shear wall is presented,assembled monolithic concrete shear walls built with precast two-way hollow slabs.Five new type shear walls and one reinforced concrete shear wall are tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads for shear performance to acquire their shear failure process and modes.The effects of the inner joint,of the shear-span ratio,of the axial load,and of the amount of the web horizontal reinforcement are investigated.The study proves that the new type shear walls have the adequate deformability,in terms of their failure characteristic and behaviors,which is different to the one of RC walls and develops from integral wall to slit wall for appearing the vertical cracks along he inner joints.As the results,the brittle shear failure is extinct.The test results show that the shear capacity reduces with the increase of shear span ratios,and rise with the increase of the amount of web horizontal reinforcements,the axial load.It can be found that the stiffness is improved with the increment of the axial compression ratio,and the stable load capacity and deformability can be acquired by increasing the shear span ratio.

Field of study: Engineering
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal RNA genes to assess changes in fungal community structure in soils.

Monitoring the structure and dynamics of fungal communities in soils under agricultural and environmental disturbances is currently a challenge. In this study, a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting method was developed for the rapid comparison of fungal community structures. The terminal restriction fragment polymorphism of different regions of the small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was simulated by sequence comparison using 10 restriction enzymes, and analyzed among three different soils using fungal-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 3' end of the SSU rRNA gene with the primer nu-SSU-0817-5' and with the fluorescently labelled primer nu-SSU-1536-3', and digestion of the amplicons with AluI and MboI were found to be optimal and were used in a standardized T-RFLP procedure. Both the number and the intensity of terminal restriction fragments detected by capillary gel electrophoresis were integrated in correspondence analyses. Three soils with contrasting physicochemical properties were differentiated according to the structure of their fungal communities. Assessment of the impact on the fungal community structure of the amendment of two soils with compost or manure confirmed the reproducibility and the sensitivity of the method. Shifts in the community structure were detected between non-amended and amended soil samples. In both soils, the shift differed with the organic amendment applied. In addition, the fungal community structures of the two soils were affected in a different way by the same organic amendment. The fingerprinting method provides a rapid tool to investigate the effect of various perturbations on the fungal communities in soils.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Study on the genetic characteristics and molecular epidemiology of Echovirus 11 strains isolated from patients with hand food and mouth disease in He-nan province, China

To analyze the evolution and genetic characteristics of Echovirus 11 （Echo11） strains isolated from patients with hand food and mouth disease （ HFMD） in Henan province.  Enterovirus strains were isolated from stool samples of patients with HFMD from year 2010 to 2012.The sequences of VP1 region of all positive strains were amplified , sequenced and then analyzed by BLSAT to determine their genotypes .The entire VP1 coding regions of 10 Echo11 strains were amplified by RT-PCR, and the homology analysis was conducted among them and other Echo 11 strains published in Gen-Bank.A phylogenetic tree was constructed to evaluate the evolution of Henan isolates and the prevalence of different genotypes .Results From year 2010 to 2012 , 184 non-Enterovirus 71 （ EV71 ） strains and non-Coxsakievirus A16 （CA16） strains causing HFMD were isolated, 10 （5.43%） of with were Echo11 strains. There were 876 nucleotides （ nt） in the complete VP1 gene sequence , encoding 292 amino acids （ aa） .The 10 Echo11 strains shared 93.1%-100% homologies in nt sequences and 97.3%-100% in aa sequences. The homology analysis indicated that Henan strains and prototype strains were highly similar but different with the homology of 77.8%-78.8% in nt and 90.8%-91.8% in aa, respectively. Echo11 was one of the pathogens causing HFMD in He-nan province and genotype A was the dominant genotype . 
 
 
HFMD; Echovirus 11; Genetic characteristics

Field of study: Biology
Axial Behavior of Reinforced UHPC-NSC Composite Column under Compression

This paper proposes a novel reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)-normal strength concrete (NSC) composite column. The main feature of the reinforced UHPC-NSC composite column is the use of an exterior UHPC cover, which is helpful for improving the load-carrying capacity, deformability, and crack resistance. This study focused on the axial behavior of the reinforced UHPC-NSC composite column. A total of 12 specimens were designed to investigate the axial behavior of the composite column under compression. The thickness of the exterior UHPC cover, volumetric stirrup ratio, and construction method were considered as the main experimental parameters. The failure modes and strain–stress relationships are discussed in this paper. By introducing the exterior UHPC cover, the peak confined strength obviously improved. The compressive strain at the peak confined strength was mainly determined by the deformability of the plain UHPC material. The composite column resulted in a unique sudden drop immediately after the peak confined strength, owing to the rapid loss of the confining stress from the exterior UHPC cover. A trilinear model is proposed to describe the strain–stress relationship of the composite column. The results obtained by the modified model are in good agreement with the test results.

Field of study: Materials science
Secure Arithmetic Coding

Although arithmetic coding offers extremely high coding efficiency, it provides little or no security as traditionally implemented. We present a modified scheme that offers both encryption and compression. The system utilizes an arithmetic coder in which the overall length within the range [0,1) allocated to each symbol is preserved, but the traditional assumption that a single contiguous interval is used for each symbol is removed. Additionally, a series of permutations are applied at the input and the output of the encoder. The overall system provides simultaneous encryption and compression, with negligible coding efficiency penalty relative to a traditional arithmetic coder

Field of study: Engineering
Photoluminescence of Layered Potassium Niobates (K4Nb6O17 and KNb3O8) and Effects of Hydration and H+-exchange on the Luminescence Properties

KNb3O8 showed blue luminescence of 450 nm at 300 K. The emission spectra of K4Nb6O17 and KNb3O8 at 77 K were red-shifted by H2O intercalation and H+-exchange, indicating that the photochemical properties of these hosts were changed with interlayer conditions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Aseptic Leptomeningitis in Systemic Lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with leptomeningeal involvement is a rare condition. We report a case in a 17-year-old woman.  The patient was admitted to hospital with the complaints of vertigo, nausea, vomiting, headache, diplopia, ptosis on the left and weakness of the left leg. A diagnosis of SLE was established, with diffuse leptomeningeal involvement demonstrated by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. When treated with steroids, the clinical problems resolved almost completely.  Although rare, leptomeningeal involvement can complicate SLE. Cranial magnetic imaging can demonstrate tissue involvement. The condition responds to steroid therapy.

Field of study: Medicine
Recreational Benefits of Ecosystem Services on and around Artificial Reefs: A Case Study in Penghu, Taiwan

In Penghu, artificial reefs (ARs) have been established to enhance fish stocks and create fishing grounds since 1974, but few studies have examined the other ecosystem services of ARs. Because the recreational benefits of ecosystem services provided by ARs are valuable and within the scope of public goods, they should be evaluated. In this study, two non-market methods, the Travel Cost Method (TCM) and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), were used to estimate the recreational value of ARs in Penghu, Taiwan. Estimations based on TCM results showed that boat anglers' recreational benefit (consumer surplus) was US$281.9 per trip and that scuba divers' recreational benefit (consumer surplus) was US$348.5 per dive. The CVM estimation results indicated that the projected ticket fares were US$13 and US$12.7 for boat fishing and scuba diving, respectively. When the yearly tourist numbers were taken into account, yearly revenues of approximately US$1.7 million and US$1.9 million were estimated from ticket sales, whereas the yearly economic values of boat fishing and scuba diving were US$37 million and US$52 million, respectively. The development of recreational activities on and around ARs could provide substantial economic benefits.

Field of study: Environmental science
Development and optimization of a HPLC-RI method for the determination of major sugars in apple juice and evaluation of the effect of the ripening stage

The sugars in apple juice prove its authenticity and its sensory and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection (HPLC-RI) to determinate and quantify the sugars sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-sorbitol polyol in apple juices, as well as to analyze the juices from the Fuji Suprema and Lis Gala cultivars at three ripening stages. The analytical performance parameters evaluated indicated that the method was specific for the compounds analyzed, and the linearity of the calibration curves of sugars showed high correlation coefficients (close to 1.0). The limits of detection and quantification are consistent with recommendations available in the literature for this type of matrix. Sample preparation is simple and generates small amount of residues. Over 70% of the sugars were determined in the juices of apples at the pre-ripe stage, with an increase during senescence. This method is applicable for the determination of sugars in juices and evaluation of apple ripening.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Organizational Level as a Moderator of the Relationship between Perceived Political Climate and Employees' Work Attitudes

119 employees of a financial services firm performing a variety of jobs completed measures of perceived political climate, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Their status or level in the firm was rated by the firm's personnel manager. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that employees' level or status moderated the relationships between political climate and both commitment and satisfaction, with high status employees being less adversely affected than their low status peers in both cases, as predicted.

Field of study: Psychology
Managing Cultural Affairs in Morocco during Colonial Times

Adopting a history of knowledge approach, the article examines the major transformations to Moroccan culture during the colonial period resulting from the exposure to cultural, social, and intellectual manifestations of the clash with modernity, and the encounter with a strange and different «other». Managing cultural affairs in the modern sense, argues the author, originated in Morocco as a result of observing the «other» and imitating the other’s modes of being modern.

Field of study: Sociology
Characteristics of High Voltage Vortex-Stabilized Arc Heaters

Phenomena occurring in a particular vortex-stabilized geometry are discussed. In arc heaters of this type, voltage increases linearly with flow and with size. The level of performance for various sizes is both predictable and fairly constant. Smoke techniques have elucidated re-entrant flow patterns associated with the vortex flow, and windows permit studying the effect of an auxiliary magnetic field on arc rotation. Measurements of effluent fluctuations are reported.

Field of study: Physics
Variations in main anatomical features of the Salix integra stem

The main anatomical features of the Salix integra stem investigated via stereological microscopic measurements will provide basic data and theoretical guidance to the other research and application of Salix integra. The proportions of fiber, vessel, and ray were 71.04%, 21.48%, and 7.48%, respectively with a non-significant radial variance. The radial width, tangential width, and frequency of the vessel were 37.41 μm, 46.02 μm, and 155.86 ·mm-2, respectively and both the radial and longitudinal variances were significant. The radial-tangential width ratio of the vessel was 1.26 and the radical variance was significant, but the longitudinal variance was not significant. The average values of fiber length, width, double-wall thickness, double-wall thickness-lumen diameter ratio, and length-width ratio were 406.80 μm, 19.530 μm, 7.66 μm, 0.64, and 21.45, respectively and all radical variances were significant, but the longitudinal variances were not significant. The fiber lumen diameter-width ratio and lumen diameter were 0.59 and 11.73 μm, respectively, but the radical variance and longitudinal variance were not significant.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Research on Key Techniques of the Integration of NGN and Internet and Novel Interconnection Model

Researches on technical difficulties in network access, network security and terminal maintenance of the integration of NGN and internet. Mainly investigates The usage and the interoperability of IPv4 and IPv6, the DNS access and security, and the remote updates of terminal equipments. And proposes a novel interconnection model of the integration by taking the advantage of NGN terminals to join multiple networks simultaneously.

Field of study: Computer science
Diffusion-induced 7Li NMR relaxation of layer-structured tin disulphide — Li diffusion along the buried interfaces in Li0.17SnS2

Li NMR relaxation has been used to study lithium-ion diffusion in layer-structured SnS 2 . Keeping the Li intercalation degree in Li x SnS 2 below x  = 0.49, the Li ions preferentially occupy sites in the van der Waals gap between the SnS 2 sheets. In contrast to conventional NMR spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) rate measurements in the laboratory frame of reference, which are sensitive to rather fast Li exchange processes, with the help of spin-locking SLR NMR slower Li motions were extracted from characteristic diffusion-induced rate peaks. The latter contain information on both Li + activation energies E a and Li ion jump rates τ − 1 characterizing the elementary steps of Li + hopping. Our results point to two different diffusion processes ( E a (I) = 0.38 eV; E a (II) = 0.28 eV), a slower and a faster one, observable directly after chemical Li insertion. Interestingly, the diffusion behaviour irreversibly changes when the sample has been exposed to temperatures as high as 573 K. Diffusion-induced NMR rates and corresponding line shapes are discussed with respect to an inhomogenous distribution of Li ions in SnS 2 , which seems to be present directly after Li intercalation.

Field of study: Materials science
Autoantibodies to a regulatory T cell subset in human ageing.

Anti-T cell autoantibodies were detected in some aged humans. Non-immunoglobulin-bearing (Ig-) cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal human donors by negative selection through Ficoll, using sheep erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-human Ig. The Ig- cells were then reacted with sera from 83 individuals ranging in age from 60 to 99 years; 36% of the serum samples were noticeably reactive with the Ig- cells (average reactivity 28%). The peripheral blood lymphocytes from some of the aged individuals were also tested for levels of Ig-secreting cells in a reverse haemolytic plaque assay; there was a six- to eight-fold increase in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) from those individuals whose sera contained appreciable amounts of anti-T cell antibody, as compared with those whose sera contained little or no anti-T cell antibody. Isolated Ig- cells from these individuals were also examined for the presence of regulatory T cell subsets, using sera from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients. The Ig- cells from the subjects who had no detectable anti-T cell antibodies in their sera and near normal PFC levels were reactive with the JRA sera, whereas the Ig- cells from individuals with increased numbers of PFC and with serum anti-T cell antibodies were only slightly reactive with the JRA sera. These data suggest that a majority of the regulatory JRA+ subset of T cells had been lost in the latter group. When sera from aged individuals containing anti-T cell autoantibodies were reacted with JRA-, Ig- cells isolated from a normal human donor, little positive reactivity was seen, indicating that the autoantibodies in sera from aged humans and from some JRA patients are directed against similar T cell subsets.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Preparation and adsorption properties of high density resorcinol-formaldehyde carbonized aerogel ICF target

High density resorcinol-formaldehyde carbonized aerogel(CRF) ICF target was prepared from resorcinol and formaldehyde by improving synthesis conditions,and the cracking problem of high density CRF aerogels was solved.The elements and phase of CRF carbonized aerogels were analyzed.N2 and H2 adsorption properties of the aerogels were analyzed with Autosorb-1.The results show that the CRF carbonized aerogels is a kind of non-crystalline graphite-like solids mainly composed of carbon,the aerogels has homogeneous structure and excellent processable characteristic.The specific surface area and the average pore diameter of the aerogels are 676 m2·g-1 and 7.16 nm,respectively.The aerogel has a favorable hydrogen adsorption with a mass percent of 2.28% and a volumetric density of 17.83 kg·m-3.

Field of study: Physics
The rise of professional society: England since 1880

This long awaited sequel to The Origins of Modern English Society explores the rise of the forgotten middle class' to show a new principle of social organisation. A rare example of a work both accessible to the general reader and indispensable to the professional scholar.' - The Observer No social historian can afford to be without it.' - New Statesman and Society ...an audacious and exciting piece of synthesis. His mastery of political, economic, social and urban history is intimidating.' - New York Review of Books Now available in paperback, this book is the long awaited sequel to The Origins of Modern English Society . Stimulating and controversial, it will be widely read by all those who seek an understanding not just of Britain since 1880, but of all mature economies of the world today. The theme is the rise of 'the forgotten middle class', the non capitalist or professional class which the chief social commentators left out of their analyses. England, like all post-industrial societies, has come to be dominated by growing numbers of 'experts'. As Harold Perkin shows, a new principle of social organization has emerged, based on trained expertise, selection and reward by merit - in a word, on professionalism.

Field of study: Economics, History
Unified approach to partition functions of RNA secondary structures

RNA secondary structure formation is a field of considerable biological interest as well as a model system for understanding generic properties of heteropolymer folding. This system is particularly attractive because the partition function and thus all thermodynamic properties of RNA secondary structure ensembles can be calculated numerically in polynomial time for arbitrary sequences and homopolymer models admit analytical solutions. Such solutions for many different aspects of the combinatorics of RNA secondary structure formation share the property that the final solution depends on differences of statistical weights rather than on the weights alone. Here, we present a unified approach to a large class of problems in the field of RNA secondary structure formation. We prove a generic theorem for the calculation of RNA folding partition functions. Then, we show that this approach can be applied to the study of the molten-native transition, denaturation of RNA molecules, as well as to studies of the glass phase of random RNA sequences.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics