nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a native promoter PLH-77 for gene expression in Paenibacillus polymyxa.

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a rhizobacterium that has attracted substantial attention due to its ability to produce functional metabolites and promote plant growth. Metabolic and genetic improvements in this species will benefit research and other applications of the bacterium. However, a suitable gene expression system has not been established in this species. In this study, a promoter trap system based on a green fluorescent protein and a chloramphenicol-resistance gene was developed to isolate native promoters of P. polymyxa SC2-M1 to regulate gene expression. Through high-throughput screening, the novel promoter PLH-77 was identified, sequenced, and subsequently characterized. Promoter PLH-77 is a strong, continuous expression system containing the typical -10 and -35 motifs regions. Its effective sequence was evaluated and then cascaded to improve the promotion efficiency. To further verify the existence of PLH-77, a heterogenous xylose isomerase was expressed by PLH-77 in P. polymyxa SC2-M1. In the resulting strain, the amount of xylose consumed was increased by 2.5 g/L during the 78 h fermentation period. Meanwhile, the production levels of lactate and acetate increased. It was confirmed that promoter PLH-77 could effectively mediate gene expression in P. polymyxa SC2-M1 and will further benefit the quantitative monitoring of gene expression in P. polymyxa.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Remarkable Reaction Rate and Excellent Enantioselective Direct α‐Amination of Aldehydes with Azodicarboxylates Catalyzed by Pyrrolidinylcamphor‐Derived Organocatalysts

Remarkable reaction rate and excellent enantioselective direct α-amination of unmodified aldehydes with various azodicarboxylates was catalyzed by pyrrolidinylcamphor organo-catalyst 2a (5 mol-%) to provide the desired aminated products with excellent chemical yields and high to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to >99%ee) at 0 °C in CH 2 Cl 2 .

Field of study: Chemistry
Stability of Bounded Electron Beams Neutralized by Co-Moving Ions

It has been claimed that bounded ion beams neutralized by co-moving electrons are inherently unstable for currents above the threshold for the Pierce instability. In this paper, it is noted that the Pierce instability can be suppressed for certain conditions satisfied by the Occidental neutralized light ion beam driver for inertial confinement fusion. A model is presented for the analysis of guided wave propagation and instability along a cylindrical waveguide that is partially filled with a cold drifting electron beam. The beam is assumed to be fully neutralized by a positive ion background of infinite mass that is drifting at the same velocity as the electron beam -- thereby removing streaming instabilities from consideration. Under these conditions, the electron-ion beam is found to be stable for both zero and infinite applied longitudinal magnetic fields, except for ¿ = 0 waves satisfying certain axial boundary conditions first derived by Pierce in 1944. It is demonstrated for pulsed beams, whose downstream boundary is just the beam head, that the excited waves never catch the beam head and hence cannot induce the Pierce instability. It is also shown for zero applied magnetic field that the guided waves are excited within a boundary layer on the beam surface whose skin depth becomes negligible for sufficiently high current density beams of a given acceleration voltage.

Field of study: Physics
Synchrotron X-ray microbeam dosimetry with a 20 micrometre resolution scintillator fibre-optic dosimeter.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. External beam radiation therapy is one of the most important modalities for the treatment of cancers. Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel pre-clinical therapy that uses highly spatially fractionated X-ray beams to target tumours, allowing doses much higher than conventional radiotherapies to be delivered. A dosimeter with a high spatial resolution is required to provide the appropriate quality assurance for MRT. This work presents a plastic scintillator fibre optic dosimeter with a one-dimensional spatial resolution of 20 µm, an improvement on the dosimeter with a resolution of 50 µm that was demonstrated in previous work. The ability of this probe to resolve microbeams of width 50 µm has been demonstrated. The major limitations of this method were identified, most notably the low-light signal resulting from the small sensitive volume, which made valley dose measurements very challenging. A titanium-based reflective paint was used as a coating on the probe to improve the light collection, but a possible effect of the high-Z material on the probes water-equivalence has been identified. The effect of the reflective paint was a 28.5 ± 4.6% increase in the total light collected; it did not affect the shape of the depth-dose profile, nor did it explain an over-response observed when used to probe at low depths, when compared with an ionization chamber. With improvements to the data acquisition, this probe design has the potential to provide a water-equivalent, inexpensive dosimetry tool for MRT.

Field of study: Physics
Fast Feature Sampling from Implicit Infinite-width Models

Infinitely-wide models have been succeeded to facilitate the theoretical understanding of modern, large-scale and nonlinear models such as neural networks. As the number $p$ of features exceeds the size $n$ of the training dataset, the model tends to be linear and the optimization problem tends to be convex because the design matrix $S$ tends to be full row rank. A variety of recent over-parametrization schemes result in to estimate a pseudo-inverse operator $S^{\dagger}$. In this study, we establish a new fast sampling method that approximates a pseudo-inverse operator without explicitly computing it. Technically speaking, we develop the kernel mean embedding (KME), maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and generalized kernel quadrature (GKQ) for parameter distributions that achieve a fast approximation rate $O(e^{-p})$, which is faster than the traditional Barron's rate. Convergence analysis with the local Rademacher complexity shows that our method can achieve a fast learning rate $\widetilde{O}(1/n)$.

Field of study: Computer science
Studies on the Extraneous Hormone and the Extrinsic Conditions of Cuttings of Rosa xanthina

The relationships between the rooting capability and the cutting conditions of young ramulus and old ramulus of Manchu Rose were investigated in this paper.The influence of extraneous hormone upon the rooting capability was also analysed.The results of experiment showed that the rooting capability of young ramulus cuttings with the xyloid basis and old cuttings with the flower buds removed was stronger than that of the control.The rooting capability of cuttings could be raised by application of the extraneous hormone.The optimal mixed hormone concentrations of IAA,6 BA,IBA were 108 14,159 92,113 04 mg/L,respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A diagram algebra for Soergel modules corresponding to smooth Schubert varieties

Using combinatorial properties of symmetric polynomials, we compute explicitly the Soergel modules for some permutations whose corresponding Schubert varieties are rationally smooth. We build from them diagram algebras whose module categories are equivalent to the subquotient categories of the BGG category O(gln) which shows up in categorification of gl(1|1)– representations. We construct diagrammatically the graded cellular structure and the properly stratified structure of these algebras.

Field of study: Mathematics
Preparation and Surface Modification of Hydrated Aluminum Silicate from Aluminum Bearing Waste

A new way for preparation of hydrated aluminum silicate from aluminum bearing waste was presented in this research.The product was prepared through reaction,aging,washing,surface modification,etc.and examined by compositional analysis,TG-DTA,SEM and so on.The results showed that the powder scale can achieve nanometer and the product conforms to the general enterprise standard of China.Tween-80 modified the aluminum silicate in the way of attaching on the surface of particles in adsorption mode.Four steps are contained in the growth process of aluminum silicate in this system,and they are controlled by different conditions respectively.

Field of study: Materials science
CLIC6, a member of the intracellular chloride channel family, interacts with dopamine D(2)-like receptors.

To identify proteins interacting with the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the dopamine D(3) receptor (D(3)R), we used the two-hybrid system to screen a rat brain cDNA library. We isolated three partial cDNAs encoding, respectively, for the MUPP1 multi-PDZ protein, for the N-terminal region of radixin, for GIPC and for a 160-amino acid open reading frame sharing high homology with the human CLIC6, also identified as parchorin in rabbit. In the two-hybrid system, CLIC6 was also able to interact with the D(2)R and D(4)R. The interaction between D(3)R and CLIC6 was confirmed by the use of a GST-D(3)R C-terminus fusion protein and COS cell extracts transiently expressing epitope-tagged CLIC6. In adult rat brain, CLIC6 mRNA expression was restricted to the choroid plexus, the striatal proliferative subventricular zone and the cerebellum where it is co-expressed with the D(3)R in the Purkinje cells of the lobules IX and X. CLIC6 mRNA was also detected in the pituitary in the posterior lobe and in cells co-expressing the D(2)R at the border between the intermediate and anterior lobes. In transfected HEK293 cells, D(3)R and CLIC6 co-localized at the plasma-membrane. No effect of CLIC6 transfection was observed on either intracellular chloride concentration or D(3)R/D(2)R-mediated response. In two-hybrid system, CLIC6 also interacted with MUPP1 and radixin but not GIPC, suggesting it could take part in a complex with D(2)-like receptors, not only by direct interaction with their C-termini, but also through interactions with scaffolding proteins.

Field of study: Biology
Insect herbivory from early Permian Mitchell Creek Flats of north-central Texas: Opportunism in a balanced component community

The Mitchell Creek Flats locality (MCF) contains a flora from the early Permian (Cisuralian) of north-central Texas that has been qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated for insect herbivory. The level of herbivory is average for a middle Cisuralian flora from this region, although there is a relatively modest number of specimens. Three ecological features of this deposit are noteworthy in the context of the larger plant–insect interaction trends across the region. First is a well-balanced distribution across the MCF flora of the five functional feeding groups (FFGs) of external foliage feeding, piercing and sucking, oviposition, galling, and seed predation. These five FFGs encompass 22 discrete insect-mediated damage types (DTs) that indicate a variety of generalized and specialized herbivory. Second is the elevated incidence and diversity of seven gall DTs, indicating an arid environment. Third is the pattern of opportunistic herbivory on the cycadophyte Taeniopteris spp., the single, overwhelmingly dominant host that represents 47.5% of all foliage, 56.9% of all interactions, and 16 of the 22 DTs. This distribution of insect-mediated damage suggests a diverse community of opportunistic, generalized and specialized insect herbivores, including a guild of xeric-adapted gallers engaged in a variety of feeding styles that overwhelmingly targeted Taeniopteris spp. as a host plant. This characterization is consistent with an opportunistic herbivory strategy and supports Feeny's apparency hypothesis, in which the most conspicuous, accessible plant at a site is disproportionately and most extensively herbivorized.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Aromaticities and reactivities based on energy partitioning

A scheme based on energy partitioning via moments is proposed to deal with aromaticities and reactivities of con- jugated systems. The REPE is computed through the enumeration of cyclic fragments, thus either the finite or infinite sys- tems can be treated with facility. Point-energy, edge-energy, and ring resonance energy have been introduced for rationali- zing the site reactivity, bond lengths and local aromaticity. This approach is graphical in essence without consulting to the solution of secular equation, i.e., the energy sequence, MO(molecu1ar orbita1)'s and related quantities defined.

Field of study: Chemistry
The flavonoid TL-2-8 induces cell death and immature mitophagy in breast cancer cells via abrogating the function of the AHA1/Hsp90 complex

The flavonoid quercetin exhibits significant anticancer activities with few side effects. In the current study, we characterized TL-2-8, a quercetin derivative, as a novel anticancer agent in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Blue assay, respectively. Cell death was examined using PI staining or a TUNEL assay. Mitophagy was determined by measuring autophagic flux and by confocal imaging. Protein expression was examined by Western blotting. We found that TL-2-8 selectively inhibited the proliferation and decreased the viability of various cancer cells (the anti-proliferation IC50 values in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells at 72 h were 8.28, 8.56, and 9.58 μmol/L, respectively), and it displayed only slight cytotoxicity against normal MCF-10A and HEK-293 cells. In MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, TL-2-8 treatment induced the degradation of multiple Hsp90 client proteins without inducing Hsp70. TL-2-8 (3, 6, 12 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of AHA1, an activator of Hsp90 ATPase, and decreased Hsp90-AHA1 complex formation, leading to decreased Hsp90 chaperone function and reduced polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling. Consequently, impaired mitophagy was induced via the downregulation of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). The in vivo anticancer effects of TL-2-8 were evaluated in an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft model, which was treated with TL-2-8 (25, 50, 100 mg·kg−1·d−1, po). Administration of TL-2-8 resulted in tumor growth inhibition rates of 37.9%, 58.9% and 70.9%, respectively, whereas quercetin treatment (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, po) produced only a lower tumor growth inhibition rate (49.5%). Furthermore, TL-2-8 treatment significantly extended the lifespan of mice bearing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell xenografts. Our results demonstrate that TL-2-8 induces significant cell death and immature mitophagy in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via AHA1 abrogation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
SFPQ is involved in regulating arsenic-induced oxidative stress by interacting with the miRNA-induced silencing complexes.

Arsenic exposure contributed to the development of human diseases. Arsenic exerted multiple organ toxicities mainly by triggering oxidative stress. However, the signaling pathway underlying oxidative stress is unclear. We previously found that the expression of SFPQ, a splicing factor, was positively associated with urinary arsenic concentration in an arsenic-exposed population, suggesting an oxidative stress regulatory role for SFPQ. To test this hypothesis, we established cell models of oxidative stress in human hepatocyte cells (L02) treated with NaAsO2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase with NaAsO2 treatment. SFPQ suppression resulted in a 36%-53% decrease in ROS generation, leading to enhanced cellular damage determined by 8-OHdG, comet tail moment, and micronucleus analysis. Particularly, SFPQ deficiency attenuated expression of the oxidase genes DUOX1, DUOX2, NCF2, and NOX2. A fluorescent-based RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (FREMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter system revealed that miR-92b-5p targeted DUOX2 mRNA degradation. An RNA immunoprecipitation assay showed an interaction between SFPQ and miR-92b-5p of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). Notably, NaAsO2 treatment diminished the interaction between SFPQ and miR92b-5p, accompanied by decreased binding between miR-92b-5p and 3'-UTR of DUOX2. However, SFPQ deficiency suppressed the dissociation of miR-92b-5p from 3'-UTR of DUOX2, indicating that miR-92b-5p regulated the SFPQ-dependent DUOX2 expression. Taken together, we reveal that SFPQ responds to arsenic-induced oxidative stress by interacting with the miRISC. These findings offer new insight into the potential role of SFPQ in regulating cellular stress response.

Field of study: Environmental science
From science to evidence: the testimony on causation in the Bendectin cases.

Critics of American tort law often question the ability of lay jurors to make factual determinations in trials involving complex scientific evidence. In this article, Professor Sanders attempts to refocus tort reform debate by studying how trial procedures themselves contribute to jurors' inability to properly assess scientific evidence. Professor Sanders' analysis centers on trials involving Bendectin, a drug which plaintiffs have claimed caused birth defects in the children of mothers who took it during pregnancy. After noting that the weight of scientific and federal judicial opinion concludes that plaintiffs cannot establish a causal link between Bendectin use and birth defects by a preponderance of the evidence, Professor Sanders analyzes the transcripts of six Bendectin trials to determine why jury verdicts do not comport with the weight of scientific and judicial opinion. Based on his conclusion that trials are incapable of adequately conveying the weight of scientific opinion to a lay jury, he evaluates the ability of various trial reform proposals to ameliorate this problem. Finally he recommends adopting proposals that would facilitate jurors' understanding of scientific evidence and lead to verdicts consistent with the weight of scientific opinion.

Field of study: Law
Self-Instruction Blues

The mainstream of campus instruction has so far been little affected by learner-centered approaches such as self-instruction. The paper identifies the major obstacles preventing the wider use of self-instruction: the problems of managing the individual learner in institutions of higher education and of promoting the development of self -instructional materials by the rank and file of the faculty. Self-instruction will flourish only through a centralized approach where the administration provides adequate logistical support for monitoring, testing, and counseling the self-paced learner; where teaching strategies are predicated on what is being taught rather than on the teaching preferences of the faculty; and where new ways can be found for providing faculty with support for instructional development.

Field of study: Education
Design and Performance of Hybrid Arrays of Mo/Au Bilayer Transition-Edge Sensors

For future X-ray astrophysics missions, X-ray microcalorimeters can be optimized with different properties in different regions of the focal plane. This approach has the potential to improve microcalorimeter instrument capabilities with efficient use of instrument resources. For example a point-source array optimized for high angular resolution, high count-rate observations could be accompanied by a main array to expand the field of view for diffuse observations. In this approach, it is desirable to be able to simultaneously optimize different transition-edge sensor (TES) geometries on a single wafer design. The key properties of TESs such as transition temperature and shape are a strong function of size and geometry due to the complex interplay between the proximity effect from the superconducting bias electrodes and the normal metal features used for noise suppression and absorber contact. As a result, devices fabricated with the same deposited layer but with different sizes will have different transition temperatures and different response to X-ray events. In this paper, we present measurements of the transition temperature and properties of devices with different sizes and normal metal features, and discuss how by tuning the geometry we can achieve the desired pixel parameters for a given application. We also describe measurements of transition properties from large-format hybrid arrays containing three different pixel types.

Field of study: Physics
IMPACTO DA DISCIPLINA QUALIDADE DE VIDA SOBRE O NÍVEL DE CONHECIMENTO ESPECÍFICO EM ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

The present research aims to verify the achievement of Physical Education programs promoted with differed conceptual orientations in Life Quality subject on level of specific knowledge in physical activity in university students of technology graduation course of CEFET/PR – Campo Mourao. All students enrolled in the first term of 2003 in Life Quality subject took part of the research. Three experimental groups were organized into different conceptual and a group of control (with no investigation). The questionary used to pick out the data of the investigated variables, included parts of other means previously validated. The data were analyzed through sources of descriptive statistics (medium, percentual frequency and standard deviation) and non-parametric statistics enclosed in the program SPPS, version 11.0. The level of significance adopted was of p ≤ 0,5. The results assured that the academic-practice-personal orientation program acquired more positive results on the level of specific knowledge in physical activity.

Field of study: Education
High-efficiency, thin-film InP concentrator solar cells

High-efficiency, thin-film InP solar cells grown heteroepitaxially on GaAs and Si single-crystal bulk substrates are being developed as a means of eliminating the problems associated with using single-crystal InP substrates (e.g., high cost, fragility, high mass density and low thermal conductivity). A novel device structure employing a compositionally graded GaxIn1−xAs layer (∼8 μm thick) between the bulk substrate and the InP cell layers is used to reduce the dislocation density and improve the minority carrier properties in the InP. The structures are grown in a continuous sequence of steps using computer-controlled atmospheric-pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (AP-MOVPE). Dislocation densities as low as 3×107 cm−2 and minority carrier lifetimes as high as 3.3 ns are achieved in the InP layers with this method using both GaAs or Si substrates. Structures prepared in this fashion are also completely free of microcracks. These results represent a substantial improvement in InP layer quality when compared to heteroepitaxial InP prepared using conventional techniques such as thermally cycled growth and post-growth annealing. The present work is concerned with the fabrication and characterization of thin-film InP solar cells designed for operation at high solar concentration (∼100 suns) which have been prepared from similar device structures grown on GaAs substrates. The cell performance is characterized as a function of the air mass zero (AM0) solar concentration ratio (1–100 suns) and operating temperature (25°–80° C). From these data, the temperature coefficients of the cell performance parameters are derived as a function of the concentration ratio. Under concentration, the cells exhibit a dramatic increase in efficiency and an improved temperature coefficient of efficiency. At 25° C, a peak conversion efficiency of 18.9% (71.8 suns, AM0 spectrum) is reported. At 80° C, the peak AM0 efficiency is 15.7% at 75.6 suns. These are the highest efficiencies yet reported for InP heteroepitaxial cells. Approaches for further improving the cell performance are discussed.

Field of study: Materials science