nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum and Urinary Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children

To investigate the role of serum, bladder urine and affected renal pelvis CA19-9 levels as a marker for surgery in UPJO. To examine the possible clinical application of urinary CA19-9 as a noninvasive diagnostic and predictive biomarker in management of UPJO.  And Methods three groups of patients were included in this study. Group I, patients with sever UPJO admitted for surgery (18, mean age, 36.2 M). Group II patients with UPJO on conservative (20, mean age, 34.2 M)). Group III, fluid retrieve from hydroceles and renal cysts in MCDK. CA19-9 in serum, bladder urine and renal urine pelvis, hydrocele and renal cyst were measured and repeated 9 months post pyeloplasty. Moreover, apoptosis indices and sonographic hydronephrosis grading were evaluated during the time course.  The CA19-9 level in the serum and voided urine and renal pelvis in group I, was significantly higher, 441.36±120.52 U/ml (normal up to 39 U/ml) than the 2 control groups. A significant decrease in the serum and urinary CA19-9 levels and mean anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter were noted in the 9th month after surgery. The CA19-9 level was below than normal value not only in control group but also surprisingly in renal cyst fluid in children with multicystic dysplastic kidney.  These data suggesting that CA19-9 in voided and pelvis urine per se is highly correlated with the severity of hydronephrosis, AP pelvic diameter, renal function and drainage curve in DTPA scan. Voided urine CA19/9 is highly sensitive, noninvasive, and clinically applicable marker in UPJO.

Field of study: Medicine
Multiple isoforms of the ryanodine receptor are expressed in rat pancreatic acinar cells.

Regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) is important for a variety of cell functions. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a Ca(2+) channel that conducts Ca(2+) from internal pools to the cytoplasm. To demonstrate the presence of the RyR in the pancreatic acinar cell, we performed reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and microscopic Ca(2+)-release measurements on these cells. RT-PCR showed the presence of mRNA for RyR isoforms 1, 2 and 3 in both rat pancreas and dispersed pancreatic acini. Furthermore, mRNA expression for RyR isoforms 1 and 2 was demonstrated by RT-PCR in individual pancreatic acinar cells selected under the microscope. Western-blot analysis of acinar cell immunoprecipitates, using antibodies against RyR1 and RyR2, showed a high-molecular-mass (>250 kDa) protein band that was much less intense when immunoprecipitated in the presence of RyR peptide. Functionally, permeablized acinar cells stimulated with the RyR activator, palmitoyl-CoA, released Ca(2+) from both basolateral and apical regions. These data show that pancreatic acinar cells express multiple isoforms of the RyR and that there are functional receptors throughout the cell.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Isolation,Bioactivity Evaluation and Quantity Distribution of Endophytic Bacteria in Banana

There were 386 isolates of endophytic bacteria obtained from the tissues of healthy banana, such as roots, pseudo-stems, petioles and leaves. Among them, 28 isolates were screened out and found to show an antagonistic ability against 9 common fungus pathogens tested. And, among the antagonistic isolates 9 isolates were observed to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, a causal agent of banana wilt, and the inhibition rates were from 80 % to 100 %. According to the fundamental biological characteristics, the 9 endophytic bacteria belong to the genera, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Alcaligenes and Burkholderia. The tests showed that the hyphae of pathogen had different degrees of tumefaction and rupture. The analysis of the quantity distribution of endophytic bacteria in banana demonstrated a decreasing trend in the tissues from roots, pseudostems, petioles, and leaves, respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
On-line parameters measurement method for high energy laser with large beam profile

A novel on-line measurement method for continuous wave high energy laser beam is presented. The system based on this method is mainly consisted of a scanning circular reflector and a photoelectric detector array disposed along the circumference of the pan. The laser beam passing through the system except a little sample light is reflected into the detector array. Through the arithmetic of spatial mapping and image restoration with the output signal of detector array, the spatial-temporal distribution of the laser beam parameters is obtained. This method can be used to measure the high energy laser beam on-line with several hundred micrometers in diameter. The spatial resolution is 2 mm and the temporal resolution is 30~50 ms.

Field of study: Physics
Orbital selectivity and emergent superconducting state from quasi-degenerate $s-$ and $d-$wave pairing channels in iron-based superconductors

A major puzzle about the nature of the iron-based superconductivity appears in the case of the alkaline iron selenides. Compared to the iron pnictides, these systems have only electron Fermi pockets (i.e. no hole Fermi pockets) but comparable superconducting transition temperatures. The challenge lies in reconciling the two basic experimental features of their superconducting state: a node-less gap and the existence of a resonance in the spin excitation spectrum. We propose a mechanism based on reconstructing two quasi-degenerate pairing states, one in an $s$-wave $A_{1g}$ channel that is fully gapped, and the other in a $d$-wave $B_{1g}$ channel whose pairing function changes sign across the electron Fermi pockets at the Brillouin-zone boundary. The resulting intermediate pairing state, which we call an orbital-selective $s \times \tau_3$ state, incorporates both of the above two properties. When the leading spin-singlet pairing is in the $d_{xz}, d_{yz}$ orbital subspace, this state retains the $s$-wave form factor but has a $B_{1g}$ symmetry due to an internal $\tau_3$ structure in the orbital space. Within a five-orbital $t-J_{1}-J_{2}$ model with orbital-selective exchange couplings, we show that the proposed pairing state is energetically competitive over a finite range of control parameters. We calculate the dynamical spin susceptibility in the orbital-selective $s \times \tau_3$ superconducting state and show that a spin resonance arises and has the characteristics of observed by inelastic neutron experiments in the alkaline iron selenides. More generally, the formation of the orbital-selective $s \times \tau_3$ state represents a novel means of relieving the quasi-degeneracy between $s-$ and $d-$wave pairing states, which is a hitherto unsuspected alternative to the conventional route of linearly superposing the two into a time-reversal symmetry breaking $s+id$ state.

Field of study: Physics
Let External Stakeholders Be Your Guide to Curricular Revision

Schools and colleges of pharmacy undertake curriculum revisions for a variety of reasons ranging from the reactionary (eg, responding to changes in practice patterns, accreditation standards) to the proactive (eg, striving for innovation and excellence). Continuous quality improvement processes and published curriculum models, both described in this commentary, should be used to guide revision processes. Equally important is engaging the expertise of external stakeholders. While there may be challenges to incorporating external stakeholders in a curriculum revision process, their perspectives and knowledge can contribute to a more robust result, often in unexpectedly positive ways. Logic modeling is one mechanism to structure this approach, maximize the utility of external stakeholders, and strengthen the overall curriculum revision process. Regardless of the size of the revision, a good rule of thumb is to engage external stakeholders at the outset and to let their expertise be your guide.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
The Maastrichtian–Danian Maimará tracksite (Yacoraite Formation, Salta Group), Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina: environments and ichnofacies implications

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geologia. Catedra Geologia Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica;

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Suicide and African Americans: An Overview

Suicide is increasingly becoming a major public health issue. Each year over one million people die by suicide worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that suicide is the thirteenth leading cause of death worldwide (Gross 2006) and the National Safety Council rates death by suicide eleventh in the United States (Minino and Heron 2006). It is a leading cause of death among teenagers and adults under 35 (Nikola 2006). The rate of completed suicide is higher in men than in women (O’Connor and Noel 2000). It is estimated that workforce-related suicides cost businesses as much as $13 billion annually (Research! America 2008) and for every suicide prevented, the United States could save an average of $3,875 in medical expenses and $1,178,684 in lost productivity (Research! America 2008). Caucasians are twice as likely as African Americans to complete suicide. The rate of suicide is growing faster among African American youth than among Caucasian youth (American Association of Suicidology 2006); it is the third leading cause of death for African Americans aged 15-24 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007). This is a descriptive study of various dimensions of suicide among African Americans in the past decade with a discussion of prevention and screening tools. African American Attitudes towards Suicide and Mental Health Treatment Historically, suicidal behaviors among African Americans have received little attention. This may be attributed to the belief that very few African Americans believe in suicide or that religious beliefs prevent African Americans from committing suicide. There also is the belief that African Americans do not experience depression, which in its severe state often can lead to suicide. Abuse of medications, especially antidepressants, can be a factor in suicide completions. In a study conducted by TN Medicaid waiver managed-care program study (Ray Wayne et al. 2007), only 29 percent of reported African American suicides and possible suicides compared to 51 percent Caucasian suicides used prescribed anti-depressants in the year prior to committing suicide. Other studies also show a significant difference in prescribed anti-depressant treatment among African Americans compared to Caucasian Americans. Although African Americans are less likely to receive treatment for depression, they have similar to higher rates of depression than their Caucasian counterparts. Minority adults also are more likely to lack trust in their physicians. Cultural mistrust, especially in mental health services provided by European American clinicians, is believed to be behind the negative attitude towards psychiatric intervention. Lack of doctors from patient’s same race and ethnicity also plays an important role apart from the fact that culturally incompetent doctors are more likely to violate the Please address all correspondence to Kenneth Osiezagha: drkenza2@gmail.com Osiezagha 29

Field of study: Economics
Packet timed token service discipline: a scheduling algorithm based on the dual-class paradigm for providing QoS in integrated services networks

Integrated services networks face the challenge of managing several traffic classes at the same time. Service disciplines devised for integrated services networks therefore need to be flexible , i.e. able to provide different types of service, in order to accommodate different traffic classes efficiently. In this paper we focus on the integration of rate-guaranteed and best-effort traffic, and we argue that service disciplines based on the generalized processor sharing paradigm, which schedule flows according to their weights, lack the flexibility needed to efficiently manage both classes at the same time. We propose that a different service paradigm, the dual-class paradigm, which considers the two traffic classes at the same time, be used as a reference to devise flexible and efficient service disciplines for integrated services networks. We then present and analyze an innovative packet timed token service discipline, which approximates a dual-class paradigm at a low computational complexity. PTTSD properties are described analytically: we derive minimum rate guarantees for rate-guaranteed traffic and propose rules to select the system parameters in order to achieve pre-specified guarantees. Finally, we show some of the PTTSD properties by means of simulation.

Field of study: Computer science
Exploring road mortality ratios in Europe: national versus regional realities

The paper analyses the geographical pattern(s) of road mortality in western Europe for three standard levels of data aggregation. A new adjusted road mortality ratio is proposed. Unlike most mortality ratios, the standardization uses population density rather than age and sex. The hypothesis to be tested is that changes in the level of spatial aggregation of the data produce significant differences in the values of some basic descriptive statistics, and hence in operational conclusions. The paper shows that population density works as a proxy for structural factors that may be difficult to change by policies and that working with 264 regions confirms the north-south divergences in terms of road safety in Europe but also stresses the local or regional differences due to political, geographical, economic, environmental and statistical disparities. Safe countries include unsafe regions, and there are safe regions in unsafe countries. Decision makers should be aware of this when comparing countries.

Field of study: Mathematics
R?futation: Dramatisons-nous ? l?exc?s l??puisement professionnel chez les m?decins de famille?: NON.

This article is also in English on page e369. 
 
 
 
Interets concurrents 
 
Aucun declare 
 
 
 
Ces refutations sont les reponses des auteurs des debats dans le numero de juillet (Can Fam Physician 2012;58:730–3 [ang], 734–7 [fr]).

Field of study: Medicine
Simultaneous induction of mitochondrial heat shock protein mRNAs in rat forebrain ischemia.

Several investigations have postulated evidence of the involvement of apoptosis in delayed neuronal death following brief periods of global cerebral ischemia. Apoptosis may be closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and HSP10 are mitochondrial matrix proteins induced by stress and form the chaperonin complex that is implicated in protein folding and assembly within the mitochondria. This study investigated the induction of these mitochondrial stress protein genes in the hippocampal CA1 region and less vulnerable regions following transient forebrain ischemia. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the induction pattern of HSP60 mRNA was identical to that of HSP10 mRNA throughout the entire ischemic course. No changes occurred in the expression of both mRNAs after 2 min ischemia. Strong induction of both mRNAs occurred in the CA1 region after 10 min ischemia and persisted until 1 d after reperfusion. In contrast, induction of both mRNAs in the less vulnerable regions was terminated by 1 d after reperfusion. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial stress conditions persist concomitantly with cytosolic stress conditions in regions vulnerable to transient forebrain ischemia.

Field of study: Biology
Coping with Resource Management Challenges in Mumias Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya

The gist of the study was to examine the main coping strategies used to manage resources in public secondary schools in Mumias Sub- County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The study was premised on Hunts (2007) theory on project management. A descriptive survey design was adopted.  A combination of Purposive  and simple random sampling techniques  were used  to draw 25  head teachers, 200  teachers and 25  chairpersons of Parents Teachers Association (PTAs),  yielding  a total sample  of  250 respondents.  Interview schedules and questionnaires were used to collect data from chairpersons and head teachers/teachers, respectively. The study established that the various resource management challenges were: inadequate funding by the Government through the Ministry of Education, overstretched physical facilities as well as inefficient utilization of the available physical and human resources in schools. In addition, most schools had devised coping strategies to manage the constraints. It was  recommended that school managers should involve teachers and learners in decision making process regarding effective  management strategies that enhance school quality outcomes in Mumias Sub-County, Kakamega County , Kenya.[172   words].  Management strategies, Public Secondary Schools, Mumias Sub-county, Resources,     Kenya .

Field of study: Education
From an ocean floor wrench zone origin to transpressional tectonic emplacement of the Sithonia ophiolite, eastern Vardar Suture Zone, northern Greece

In the Hellenides of northern Greece, the Sithonia back-arc ophiolite constitute an element of the Vardar suture zone against the Chortiatis island arc magmatic suite, the Melissochori Formation and the Serbo-Macedonian Massif further north at the Mesozoic continental margin of Eurasia. A granodiorite from the Chortiatis island arc magmatic suite crystallized at 160 Ma as derived from new U-Pb zircon geochronology and confirms the end of arc magmatic activity that started at around 173 Ma. Located southerly of the Chortiatis island arc magmatic suite, the Sithonia ophiolite had igneous life from 159 to 149 Ma, and the ophiolite interfinger with clastic-carbonate Kimmeridgian sediments. Magmatic structures (i.e., sheeted dykes) in the ophiolite witness for NE-trending rift axis, while the transform faults and fracture zones sketch NW–SE transcurrent transtension-like propagation of the rift-spreading center at Sithonia that is consistent with a dextral wrench corridor already proposed for the ophiolite origin in the eastern Vardar zone. The tectonic emplacement of the Sithonia ophiolite involved dextral ENE to SE strike-slip sense of shear and SW and NE reverse thrust sense of shear on mostly steep foliation S1, subhorizontal lineation L1 and associated variably inclined F1 fold axes. This structural grain and kinematics are shared by adjacent Chortiatis island arc magmatic suite and the Melissochori Formation. The coexistence of strike-parallel and thrust components of displacement along discrete dextral strike-slip shear zones and internal deformation of the mentioned units is interpreted to result from a bulk dextral transpressive deformation regime developed in greenschist-facies metamorphic conditions. The back-arc ocean floor previous structural architecture with faults and fracture zones where Kimmeridgian sediments deposited in troughs was used by discrete strike-slip shear zones in which these sediments involved, and the shear zones become the sites for strain partitioning of transpressional deformation. Available biostratigraphic and radiometric age constraints define latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous (Tithonian-Berriasian to early Valanginian) time frame for the Sithonia ophiolite northeastward tectonic emplacement accomodated by dextral transpression that led to the ophiolite accretion to the Chortiatis island arc magmatic suite and its trench-fill exposed in the Melissochori Formation and further north toward the Serbo-Macedonian margin of Eurasia.

Field of study: Environmental science
Convergence and Fluctuations of Regularized Tyler Estimators

This paper studies the behavior of regularized Tyler estimators (RTEs) of scatter matrices. The advantages of these estimators are twofold. First, they guarantee by construction a good conditioning of the estimate and second, being derivatives of robust Tyler estimators, they inherit their robustness properties, notably their resilience to outliers. Nevertheless, one major problem that poses the use of RTEs is represented by the question of setting the regularization parameter ρ. While a high value of ρ is likely to push all the eigenvalues away from zero, it comes at the cost of a larger bias with respect to the population covariance matrix. A deep understanding of the statistics of RTEs is essential to come up with appropriate choices for the regularization parameter. This is not an easy task and requires working under asymptotic regimes wherein the number of observations n and/or their size N increase together. First asymptotic results have recently been obtained when N and n are large and commensurable. Interestingly, no results concerning the regime of n going to infinity with N fixed exist. This motivates our work. In particular, we prove in this paper that the RTEs converge to a deterministic matrix when n→ ∞ with N fixed, which is expressed as a function of the theoretical covariance matrix. We also derive the fluctuations of the RTEs around this limit and establish that these fluctuations converge in distribution to a multivariate Gaussian distribution with parameters depending on the population covariance and the regularization coefficient.

Field of study: Engineering
Antibiotic resistance genes are abundant and diverse in raw sewage used for urban agriculture in Africa and associated with urban population density.

A comparative study was conducted to (1) assess the potential of raw sewage used for urban agriculture to disseminate bacterial resistance in two cities of different size in Cameroon (Central Africa) and (2) compare the outcome with data obtained in Burkina Faso (West Africa). In each city, raw sewage samples were sampled from open-air canals in three neighbourhoods. After DNA extraction, the microbial population structure and function, presence of pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes and Enterobacteriaceae plasmids replicons were analysed using whole genome shotgun sequencing and bioinformatics. Forty-three pathogen-specific virulenc e factor genes were detected in the sewage. Eighteen different incompatibility groups of Enterobacteriaceae plasmid replicon types (ColE, A/C, B/O/K/Z, FIA, FIB, FIC, FII, H, I, N, P, Q, R, T, U, W, X, and Y) implicated in the spread of drug-resistance genes were present in the sewage samples. One hundred thirty-six antibiotic resistance genes commonly associated with MDR plasmid carriage were identified in both cities. Enterobacteriaceae plasmid replicons and ARGs found in Burkina Faso wastewaters were also present in Cameroon waters. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid replicons and antibiotic resistance genes was greater in Yaounde, the city with the greater population. In conclusion, the clinically relevant environmental resistome found in raw sewage used for urban agriculture is common in West and Central Africa. The size of the city impacts on the abundance of drug-resistant genes in the raw sewage while ESBL gene abundance is related to the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae along with plasmid Enterobacteriaceae abundance associated to faecal pollution.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Sc-bearing ZAlSi7Cu2Mg Alloy

The effects of solution treatment on the microstructure of Al-Si alloy containing Sc were studied by rockwell hardness testing,metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction analysis.The results show that the dissolution of precipitates increases when the alloy is solution treated at higher temperature for longer time.But the solution temperature is too high,the microstructure becomes coarse,and the hardness gradually decreases.

Field of study: Materials science