nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Immunological aspects of Parkinson's disease].

The review summarizes information on immunological disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). The data on neuroinflammation associated with degeneration of the medial substantia nigra cells are presented. It is pointed out that innate and adaptive immunity cells are involved in the process of neuroinflammation. The authors analyze the cytokine level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood as well as the relationship between neuroinflammation and neuron dysfunction and provide information on immunological disorders in people with PD and animal models of PD. Specific features of PD models and data on blood-brain barrier damage and evidence of autoimmune inflammation in PD are presented. Identification of PD preclinical markers, including cytokines, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, autoantibodies, etc, is discussed. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of PD, prevention and treatment at the pre-symptomatic stage could lead to interruption or slowdown the neurons death.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
A site-controlled quantum dot system offering both high uniformity and spectral purity

In this letter we report on the optical properties of site-controlled InGaAs quantum dots with GaAs barriers grown in pyramidal recesses by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The inhomogeneous broadening of excitonic emission from an ensemble of quantum dots is found to be unusually narrow, with a standard deviation of 1.19 meV and the spectral purity of emission lines from individual dots is found to be very high (18–30 μeV), in contrast with other site-controlled dot systems.

Field of study: Physics
Adult Learners Understanding in Learning Islam Using the Andragogy Approach in Singapore

This study describes adult learners understanding in learning Islam using the andragogy approach in Singapore comprising multicultural and multi-religious society. Singapore is a secular state where freedom of religion is encrypted in the constitution and Malay/Muslim comprises 13.3% of the population. Adults learn Islam to deepen their understanding and to practice the teachings of Islam due to their strong conviction to the religion. To illustrate this study, a qualitative research was adopted. The source of the research data come from the Muslim adult learners who attended the Islamic religious class either at Kampung Siglap Mosque and/or Al-Zuhri Higher Learning Institute. To determine the source of the data, the snowball sampling was used. The emphasis of this study are on adult learners understanding in learning Islam, adult learners approach to learning Islam and adult learners’ transformation from the learning of Islam. The findings of the research illustrate adult learners formulated their own comprehension through their personal experiences. Adult learners initiated their own learning, inquisitive and engaged. They have a preconceived idea of learning the topics based on their needs related to Islam. Adult learners’ eagerness to learn depended on teachers teaching method. They aspired to be responsible Muslim and role model to family members inspired them to achieve their learning goals; having self-confidence and family support facilitates their learning of Islam effectively. The intention establishes on adult learners strengthen their determination to actualize the intention of learning Islam is to succeed in life and the hereafter. The results offer insights on the adult learners learning process in which transformative learning took place in engaging Islam with the divine intervention had transform adult learners.  Learning, Islam, Adult, Learners

Field of study: Education
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Mechanism for radiative energy transfer and expansion of the spectral lasing range in a rhodamine 6G-oxazine 17 system

The nature of radiative transfer of electronic excitation energy from rhodamine 6G to oxazine 17 is determined. As a result of laser excitation, lasing in the acceptor (oxazine 17) is achieved due to absorption of donor (rhodamine 6G) luminescence by its molecules. The continuous tuning range of single-component ethanol solutions of rhodamine 6G and oxazine 17, and of a binary rhodamine 6G–oxazine 17 system with energy transfer, is determined.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Dysregulation of angiopoietin-Tie-2 axis in ugandan children hospitalized with pneumonia.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under 5, with the highest burden in resource-limited countries. Endothelial activation occurs in pneumonia and can be assessed using quantitative levels of biomarkers angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2. We examined admission levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in pediatric pneumonia and their association with disease severity and outcome.



Prospective cohort study of children with hypoxemic pneumonia admitted to two hospitals in Uganda. Clinical, radiographic, and microbiologic characteristics were measured at admission. Disease severity was assessed using the Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC). Plasma levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vital signs, oxygen supplementation, and mortality were assessed prospectively.



We included 65 patients (43% female) with median age 19 months (IQR 8-24). Admission Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio directly correlated with RISC (ρ = 0.32, p = 0.008) and lactate level (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.001). Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio was higher in pneumococcal pneumonia than viral RTI (0.19 [IQR: 0.076-0.54] vs. 0.078 [IQR: 0.027-0.11]; p = 0.03). Elevated Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio (>0.084) was associated with prolonged tachypnea (HR 0.50 (95%CI 0.29-0.87), p = 0.02), fever (HR 0.56 (95%CI 0.33 to 0.96), p = 0.02), longer duration of oxygen therapy (HR 0.59 (95%CI 0.35-0.99), p = 0.04), and hospital stay (HR 0.43 (95%CI 0.25-0.74), p = 0.001). The Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio at admission was higher in fatal cases relative to survivors (0.36 [IQR: 0.17-0.58] vs. 0.077 [IQR: 0.025-0.19]; p = 0.05)  Endothelial activation in hypoxemic pediatric pneumonia, reflected by high plasma Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio, is associated with disease severity, prolonged recovery time, and mortality.

Field of study: Medicine
Serum Irisin Predicts Mortality Risk in Acute Heart Failure Patients

Irisin is a peptide hormone cleaved from a plasma membrane protein fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Emerging studies have indicated association between serum irisin and many major chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of serum irisin as a predictor for mortality risk in acute heart failure (AHF) patients is not clear.  AHF patients were enrolled and serum was collected at the admission and all patients were followed up for 1 year. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum irisin levels. To explore predictors for AHF mortality, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used. To determine the role of serum irisin levels in predicting survival, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used.  In this study, 161 AHF patients were enrolled and serum irisin level was found to be significantly higher in patients deceased in 1-year follow-up. The univariate logistic regression analysis identified 18 variables associated with all-cause mortality in AHF patients, while the multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 2 variables namely blood urea nitrogen and serum irisin. ROC curve analysis indicated that blood urea nitrogen and the most commonly used biomarker, NT-pro-BNP, displayed poor prognostic value for AHF (AUCs ≤ 0.700) compared to serum irisin (AUC = 0.753). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that AHF patients with higher serum irisin had significantly higher mortality (P<0.001).  Collectively, our study identified serum irisin as a predictive biomarker for 1-year all-cause mortality in AHF patients though large multicenter studies are highly needed.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
High-purity control of internal thermally coupled distillation column using nonlinear wave model

The nonlinear wave model of internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) was firstly established.Based on this theory a novel advanced control strategy—generic model control (GMC) was proposed.Compared with traditional ITCDIC control strategies based on the approximate linear model of ITCDIC,waveGMC control strategy can deal with the strong correlations between controlled variables and regulating variables very well.And tight control of waveform speed and position leads to fast stabilization of product composition.Detailed comparisons were performed in the research on benzene and toluene system.The results proved the efficiency of the nonlinear wave model of ITCDIC and showed good performance of waveGMC control strategy.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Tunneling magnetoresistance enhancement by symmetrization in spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junction

Heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have been employed to generate spin current to control the magnetization dynamics by spin-orbit torque (SOT). Magnetic tunnel junction based on SOT (SOT-MTJ) is a promising application with efficient writing operation. Unfortunately, SOT-MTJ faces the low tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) problem. In this work, we present an ab initio calculation on the TMR in SOT-MTJ. It is demonstrated that TMR would be enhanced by SOT-MTJ symmetry structure. The symmetrization induces interfacial resonant states (IRSs). When IRSs match identical resonances at the opposite barrier interface, resonant tunneling occurs in SOT-MTJ, which significantly contributes to the conductance in parallel configuration and improves TMR. We demonstrate the occurrence of resonant tunneling by transmission spectra, density of scattering states and differential density of states. We also point out that the thickness of heavy metal has limited influence on TMR. This work would benefit the TMR optimization in SOT-MTJ, as well as the SOT spintronics device.

Field of study: Physics
A modified hockett-sherby model to simulate discontinuous yield behavior

In this paper, x80 pipeline steel was treated by three aging ways. The influences of heating time, heating temperature and prestraining on the transition from continuous yield to discontinuous yield in stress-strain curves were studied. Meanwhile, the correlation of the discontinuous yielding curves and the tensile performances of x80 pipeline steelwere also studied. Furthermore, amodifiedHockett-Sherby (H-S) modelwas proposed to simulate the stress-strain curves of discontinuous yield. The results indicated that the simulative results agree with the experimental results.

Field of study: Materials science
Autonomic dysfunction syndrome and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy in children with diabetes mellitus type I. The correction method

ЖУРНАЛ НЕВРОЛОГИИ И ПСИХИАТРИИ, 1, 2011 Осложнения сахарного диабета (СД) являются актуальной проблемой, так как именно они обусловливают высокий уровень инвалидности и смертности больных . Значительные финансовые затраты связаны не только с сахароснижающей терапией, но и с лечением поздних осложнений СД [11, 14], среди которых значительное место занимает диабетическая кардиальная автономная нейропатия (ДКАН). Даже доклиническая стадия ДКАН ухудшает прогноз заболевания, увеличивает риск внезапной смерти вследствие фатальных нарушений сердечного ритма, безболевого инфаркта миокарда, апноэ во сне [1, 12, 14—18]. В качестве основных факторов риска развития автономной нейропатии при СД 1-го типа признают уровень гипергликемии, длительность заболевания, возраст больного, состояние вегетитивных функций до манифестации диабета [2, 5—8]. При СД можно выделить функциональные (синдром вегетативной дисфункции — СВД) и более глубокие органические (диабетическая автономная нейропатия) поражения вегетативной нервной системы. Гипоталамус за счет связей с корой, таламусом, базальными ядрами, стволом мозга, спинным мозгом выполняет координирующую роль в поддержании внутрен-

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Comment on "Green's Function and Receptance for Structures Consisting of Beams and Plates"

I N his recent article, Kelkel uses the receptance method and the method of superposition to determine the Green's function for vibrating beam-stiffened rectangular plates with free edges, thus facilitating the computation of the natural frequencies of such structures. We are somewhat alarmed by the author's failure to reference the substantial body of prior work in the area of free vibration analysis of beamstiffened plates. In particular, a similar article by Nicholson appeared in this journal 18 months prior to KelkePs. Neither Nicholson nor any of the references therein were cited.

Field of study: Physics
Electrophysiological activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala: emotionality and stress ulcers in rats.

Multiple-unit activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala was continuously recorded during 4 hr of restraint stress in rats. Five different activity profiles were found. Two types were associated with stress ulceration: one with increased stomach pathology, and the other with decreased stomach pathology. The same unit profiles were also differentially related to the emotionality characteristics of Wistar-derived rats, as well as to those of the genetically selected lines of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. The type of profile that had been associated with increased pathology was generally seen in the Roman low-avoidance rats and in the Wistar rats that had been judged to be more emotional, that is, defecated before five "rearings" had occurred in an open-field test. The other unit profile was significantly more frequent in the Roman high-avoidance animals and the less emotional Wistar rats. Low-level electrical stimulation of both types of units produced stomach erosions in all cases. It was concluded that the unit activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala reflects certain emotionality characteristics of rats and also their susceptibility of stress ulcers.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Si－Yb quantum cascade and Si－Yb－Si PIN hybrid light-emitting diode

Si－Yb quantum cascade and Si－Yb－Si PIN hybrid light-emitting diode is designed for optical communication, which is easy to be integrated on silicon chip. Photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) dynamics on nanosilicon deposited by Yb is investigated. Sharper PL peaks near 700 nm are observed on silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) coated by Yb. The enhanced EL peaks in the wavelength region from 1250 nm to 1650 nm are measured on silicon film deposited by Yb. It is discovered that the EL intensity enhances and the peaks number increases with increasing number of Si－Yb layers. The emission wavelength could be manipulated into the window of optical communication by Si－Yb bonding on nanosilicon.

Field of study: Physics
Function of defensive volatiles in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is tricked by the moth Tortrix viridana.

The indirect defences of plants are comprised of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that among other things attract the natural enemies of insects. However, the actual extent of the benefits of HIPV emissions in complex co-evolved plant-herbivore systems is only poorly understood. The observation that a few Quercus robur L. trees constantly tolerated (T-oaks) infestation by a major pest of oaks (Tortrix viridana L.), compared with heavily defoliated trees (susceptible: S-oaks), lead us to a combined biochemical and behavioural study. We used these evidently different phenotypes to analyse whether the resistance of T-oaks to the herbivore was dependent on the amount and scent of HIPVs and/or differences in non-volatile polyphenolic leaf constituents (as quercetin-, kaempferol- and flavonol glycosides). In addition to non-volatile metabolic differences, typically defensive HIPV emissions differed between S-oaks and T-oaks. Female moths were attracted by the blend of HIPVs from S-oaks, showing significantly higher amounts of (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E)-β-ocimene and avoid T-oaks with relative high fraction of the sesquiterpenes α-farnesene and germacrene D. Hence, the strategy of T-oaks exhibiting directly herbivore-repellent HIPV emissions instead of high emissions of predator-attracting HIPVs of the S-oaks appears to be the better mechanism for avoiding defoliation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Genetic Improvement of Jatropha curcas L.as an Energy Crop in China:A Review

Jatropha,a potential bio-fuel crop increasingly recognized,was not necessarily developed because of the lack of adequate genetic variation and non-availability of improved varieties.Hence,it is very critical to know more about the genetic improvement of Jatropha for the breeder.In this review,we present the progress made in the germplasm collection,genetic studies of traits,hybridization and biotechnological intervention for genetic improvement of Jatropha in China.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Caract\`eres tordus des repr\'esentations admissibles

Let $F$ be a non--Archimedean locally compact field (${\rm car}(F)\geq 0$), ${\bf G}$ be a connected reductive group defined over $F$, $\theta$ be an $F$--automorphism of ${\bf G}$, and $\omega$ be a character of ${\bf G}(F)$. We fix a Haar measure $dg$ on ${\bf G}(F)$. For a smooth irreducible $(\theta,\omega)$--stable complex representation $\pi$ of ${\bf G}(F)$, that is such that $\pi\circ \theta\simeq \pi\otimes \omega$, the choice of an isomorphism $A$ from $\pi\otimes \omega$ to $\pi\circ \theta$ defines a distribution $\Theta_\pi^A$, called the \og ($A$--)twisted character of $\pi$\fg: for a compactly supported locally constant function $f$ on ${\bf G}(F)$, we put $\Theta_\pi^A(f)={\rm trace}(\pi(fdg)\circ A)$. In this paper, we study these distributions $\Theta_\pi^A$, without any restrictive hypothesis on $F$, ${\bf G}$ or $\theta$. We prove in particular that the restriction of $\Theta_\pi^A$ on the open dense subset of ${\bf G}(F)$ formed of those elements which are $\theta$--quasi--regular is given by a locally constant function, and we describe how this function behaves with respect to parabolic induction and Jacquet restriction. This leads us to take up again the Steinberg theory of automorphisms of an algebraic group, from a rationnal point of view.

Field of study: Mathematics
The dystrophin gene structure in patients with Duchenne myodystrophy

The study was performed of the alterations within 17 exons and promoter region of dystrophin gene by means of multiplex DNA amplification in boys of Slavonic population with clinical diagnosis of muscular Duchenne's dystrophy. The dystrophin gene's deletions were found in different exons of 11 boys from 33 examined families, that is in 33% of the families. In 8 cases the deletions were clustered near a central part of dystrophin gene.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Frequency-Load Interaction of Imperfect Angle-Ply Cylindrical Panels Under Compression and Pressure

This paper deals with the influence of geometric imperfections on the linear vibration frequencies of thin, laminated angle-ply, simply supported antisymmetric cylindrical panels under axial compression and lateral pressure. It is found that the presence of small geometric imperfections of the order of a fraction of the shell thickness may significantly raise the fundamental frequencies and change the optimal fiber angle that maximizes the frequency. The interaction curves between frequency axial load and frequency-pressure are plotted for graphite-epoxy angle-ply cylindrical panels likely to be encountered in practice.

Field of study: Physics
Benthos '83: Second International Symposium on Benthic Foraminifera, Pau (France), 11–15/4/1983. H. J. Oertli (Editor). 652 pp. Elf Aquitaine, Documentation-Edition Centre Micoulau, Pau, 1984, 652 pp., 300 FF, U.S. $36 (paperback)


Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Modified Breusch-Godfrey Test for Restricted Higher Order Autocorrelation in Dynamic Linear Model - A Distance Based Approach

In business, dynamic models often provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between variablesover time. But recent research contends that the lagged dependent variable specification is too problematic foruse in most situations. More specifically, if residuals autocorrelation is present in a dynamic equation wherelagged values of the dependent variable appear as regressors, Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates are biasedand generally inconsistent. For this reason it is important to have available tests against autocorrelation,particularly when it is a dynamic model. The Breusch-Godfrey (BG) test is the most appropriate test in thepresence of stochastic regressors such as lagged values of the dependent variable for higher order autocorrelation,which is asymptotically equivalent to the Durbin-Watson h test for first order autocorrelation. But Durbin htest is not applicable for second or higher order autocorrelation. Moreover these existing tests are not suitable forone-sided higher order autoregressive schemes. Whenever the sign of the parameters are known of aneconometric model, usual two-sided tests are no longer valid. In this situation, we propose a distance-basedone-sided Lagrange Multiplier (DLM) test, a likelihood based test, to test one-sided alternative. Monte Carlosimulations are conducted to compare power properties of the proposed DLM test with the BG test. It is foundthat the DLM test shows substantially improved power than two-sided counterparts for most of the casesconsidered.

Field of study: Business
Experimental observation of the spin screening effect in superconductor/ferromagnet thin film heterostructures

When studying the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 51V nuclei in superconductor/ferromagnet thin film heterostructures, anomalous behavior of the NMR signal was observed. This effect was manifested as a systematic distortion of the high-field wing of the resonance line. We consider this to be the first experimental evidence for penetration of ferromagnetism into a superconductor.

Field of study: Physics
SU‐E‐T‐411: Validation of Plan Dose Perturbation Software for Use in Patient Specific IMRT Quality Assurance

Patient‐specific IMRTquality assurance typically compares measured and calculated dose distributions in‐phantom. The clinical importance of disagreement between measured and calculated dose is often difficult to interpret. Recently, software has been developed (3DVH Sun Nuclear, Florida USA) that calculates the “delivered” dose distributions in patients by perturbing the calculated dose using errors detected in planar dose measurements. The aim of this work was to validate the accuracy of 3DVH versus commercial treatment planningsoftware (Varian Eclipse 8.9).  17 DMLC prostate IMRT treatment plans were modified by Matlab script by adding randomly distributed positional errors of 1 or 3 mm in the planned MLC positions. These modified plans were delivered to a 2D diode array (MapCheck2, Sun Nuclear). Measured doses were compared to the dose planes from the original or recalculated MLC modified plans and 3DVH calculated a “delivered” dose in the patient. DVH comparisons were made based on mean dose and D99 for the PTV, and mean and maximum dose for the bladder and rectal for each patient and MLC error.  Paired Data showed good agreement for planning system and 3DVH dose volume histograms for both targets and organs at risk for both modified and unmodified plans, regardless of MLC error induced. Structure mean dose values as measured for PTV, Bladder and Rectum agreed to within 1% and dose maximum data showing a discrepancy of 2%.  3DVH is a potentially useful tool to calculate delivered dose distributions during patient specific IMRTquality assurance. The 3DVH data allows the user to analyze the difference between planned and delivered dose to given structures. By introducing random delivery errors, we showed that the 3DVH software was able to detect small fluence changes. This demonstrates the accuracy of 3DVH software against a commercial treatment planning system.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics