nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of effective usable and burial volumes of artificial reefs and the prediction of cost-effective management

In this study, effective usable and burial volumes were used to estimate the current state of nine cube-type artificial reefs (AR) constructed between 1987 and 2002. Three volume coefficients ( k 1 , k 2 , and k 3 ) were proposed for estimation of the total loss, effective usable volume, and burial volume of ARs, based on the recorded facility standard volume and seabed condition at the time of construction. Five parameters were redefined to clarify their use; two measures and three statistically obtainable coefficients were proposed from geometric hypotheses. Field data obtained from coastal waters near Busan in South Korea were used to demonstrate the estimation and prediction of these parameters. We determined that the burial volume of an AR can be predicted with less than 20% error using the mean values of k 1  = 1.33, k 2  = 1.36, and k 3  = 1.37 for a rigid seabed and k 1  = 1.32, k 2  = 1.72, and k 3  = 1.83 for a soft seabed. The effective usable volume can be predicted with less than 11% error using the mean values, seabed condition, and facility standard volume determined at the design stage. We found that it is unnecessary to use multi-beam echo, side scan sonar, and divers' investigation for prediction; hence, a cost-effective method was developed for the future management of ARs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis of the heat transfer and friction factor correlations influence in the prediction of evaporating flows inside tubes

A methodology for analysing the influence of the heat transfer and friction factor correlations in the prediction of the two-phase flows inside horizontal ducts under evaporation phenomena is presented. An experimental unit based on single stage vapor compression refrigerating system with two parallel evaporation devices has been built to work under real refrigeration conditions. The first evaporation device consists of a double pipe evaporator which allows determining the heat flux through the pipe. The second device is an electrically heated pipe evaporator with uniformly distributed temperature and pressure sensors along the fluid path. The experimental data of temperature and pressure distribution along the smooth heated duct is compared with a selected set of heat transfer and friction factor correlations through a detailed numerical evaporation model. The aim of this paper is to determine possible criteria to select the most suitable heat transfer and friction factor correlations available.

Field of study: Engineering
Far-infrared thermal spectroscopy of low-Tc and high-Tc superconductor films

Temperature dependence of far-infrared transmission of NbN thin films deposited on MgO and Si substrates was measured at several frequencies from 0.4 to 4.3 THz. Activated exponential increase of relative penetration depth at low temperatures and a peak in transmission near Tc were observed for frequencies below the optical gap. On the other hand, the transmission measured at frequencies above the gap exhibits only flat, almost linear temperature dependence. This behaviour is consistent with the BCS theory of superconductivity. Similar measurements were performed also on YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films deposited on MgO and sapphire substrates. Low-temperature variation of transmission indicates the d-wave symmetry. The peak below Tc predicted by the BCS theory is not observed. Flat temperature dependence of transmission at higher frequencies shows that the photon energy was sufficient for excitation over the optical gap. The s-wave BCS theory is adequate for NbN films but not for the YBa2Cu3O7−δ materials. Using the theoretical BCS model we show that the transmission peak is not correlated to the coherence peak in real conductivity at given frequency and other parameters relevant to experiment.

Field of study: Physics
Porosity Distribution in Apically Perforated Curved Root Canals Filled with Two Different Calcium Silicate Based Materials and Techniques: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study

The present study evaluated the porosity distribution of BioRoot RCS/single gutta-percha point (BR/SC) and MTA flow (MF) fillings, which were used as plugs for the apical perforation repair in curved canals of extracted mandibular molars using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Forty mesial root canals of mandibular first molars were shaped with ProTaper NEXT X1–X5 files 2 mm beyond the apex to simulate apical perforations that were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20) according to the material and technique used for the apical plug: BR/SC or MF. The specimens were scanned before and after canal filling at an isotropic resolution of 9.9 μm. The volumetric analysis of voids in the apical 5 mm of the fillings was performed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Micro-computed tomography (µCT) evaluation revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of porosity: the total volume and percentage volume of voids was lower in the BR/SC group in comparison with the MF group (p < 0.05), with the predominance of open pores in both groups. Neither of the materials and/or application techniques were able to produce void-free root fillings in the apical region of artificially perforated curved roots of mandibular molars.

Field of study: Materials science
Lac Dufault sediment core trace metal distribution, bioavailability and toxicity to Hyalella azteca.

To determine changes in metal distribution, bioavailability and toxicity with sediment depth, two 20-cm-long replicate cores were collected from a lake historically subjected to the influence of metal mining and smelting activity. The vertical distribution of Pb, Cd and Cu in sediment was similar for all three metals, with the surface layers showing enrichment and the deeper (pre-industrial) layers showing lower concentrations. Toxicity of each sediment core section was determined in laboratory tests with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Bioavailable metal in each sediment slice was estimated from metal concentrations in overlying water in these toxicity tests and, for Cd, also from metal bioaccumulation. The profile for Cd in tissue was comparable to Cd in sediment and overlying water, but relative Cd bioavailability from sediment increased with sediment depth. Survival increased with increasing sediment depth, suggesting that surface sediments were probably less or non-toxic before industrialization.

Field of study: Environmental science
Long Noncoding RNA Meg3 Regulates Mafa Expression in Mouse Beta Cells by Inactivating Rad21, Smc3 or Sin3α

The main pathogenic mechanism of diabetes is a decrease in the number of islet beta cells or a decline in their function. Recent studies have shown that pancreatic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a high degree of tissue specificity and may be involved in the maintenance of islet cells function and the development of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of mouse maternal expressed gene 3 (Meg3) in insulin biosynthesis in pancreatic islets.  Chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA immunoprecipitation–qPCR were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of lncRNA Meg3 in insulin biosynthesis by regulating v-Maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (MafA), a mature beta cell marker in the MIN6 beta cell line. Further, the expression levels of Meg3, Ezh2, MafA, Rad21, Smc3, and Sin3α were analyzed in vivo and in vitro by RT-PCR and western blotting.  Intranuclear lncRNA Meg3 can bind EZH2, a methyltransferase belonging to the Polycomb repressive complex-2, in pancreatic islet cells. In addition, knockdown of Ezh2 can also inhibit the expression of MafA and Ins2, while expression levels of Rad21, Smc3, and Sin3α are upregulated, by interfering with Ezh2 or Meg3 in pancreatic beta cells. Knockdown of Meg3 resulted in the loss of EZH2 binding and H3K27 trimethylation occupancy of Rad21, Smc3, and Sin3α promoter regions. The inhibition of Rad21, Smc3, or Sin3α, which directly act on the MafA promoter, leads to upregulated expression of MafA in both MIN6 cells and mouse islets. Moreover, the synthesis and secretion of insulin were increased by inhibition of these transcription factors.  Pancreatic lncRNA Meg3 can epigenetically regulate the expression of Rad21, Smc3, and Sin3α via EZH2-driven H3K27 methylation. By inhibiting the expression of Rad21, Smc3, or Sin3α, Meg3 promotes the expression of MafA and affects the production of insulin.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
CONSTRUÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO CALÇADO ESPORTIVO NA VISÃO DE FABRICANTES, ESPECIALISTAS E USUÁRIOS - UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO

Este estudo foi realizado com os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar o calcado esportivo, destacando sua evolucao, criterios tecnicos de projecao e construcao, a opiniao do desportista como elemento importante na definicao de parâmetros, para a construcao e os aspectos relativos aos problemas do pe; b) verificar como e feita a avaliacao tecnica sob a otica de fabricantes, especialistas e pesquisadores e c) identificar os criterios adotados pelos usuarios na escolha e avaliacao. Na coleta das informacoes, valeu-se da literatura corrente e dos meios informatizados de busca bibliografica (Sistemas on line , Comut , Sibradid e da rede Internet ) nos idiomas portugues, ingles e frances. Utilizando-se da tecnica de analise de conteudo, as informacoes evidenciaram que: a) as preocupacoes com a projecao e construcao do calcado esportivo datam do seculo passado, tentando adequa-lo as caracteristicas das modalidades, considerando-se, atualmente, as regras do jogo, as sugestoes dos especialistas, o exame do calcado usado e a producao de lesoes; b) a avaliacao e tao antiga quanto a projecao e a construcao, sendo a prevencao de lesoes o primeiro criterio incluido numa bateria de testes. Em 1977, utilizavam-se 5 criterios, passando para 10, em 1980, excluindo-se entao, a durabilidade, evidenciando o incentivo ao consumismo; c) por varias razoes, o consumidor brasileiro nao e criterioso e exigente na aquisicao do calcado esportivo, refletindo assim, a sua educacao como consumidor; d) torna-se urgente a definicao de parâmetros, que integrem as normas de controle de qualidade e a producao e divulgacao de material informativo para orientacao do consumidor.

Field of study: Education
Andrea Carlino and Michel Jeanneret, eds.Vulgariser la Médecine: Du Style Médical en France et en Italie. Cahiers d'humanisme et de Renaissance 89. Geneva: Librairie Droz S.A., 2009. 349 pp. index. illus. tbls. bibl. $50. ISBN: 978–2–600–01263–8.


Field of study: History
Braiding a novel kind of Majorana-like quasiparticles in nanowire quantum dots

For an electrically driven electron confined in a nanowire quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling (SOC), we find a SOC-magnetism phase-locked condition under which we derive a complete set of Schr\"odinger kitten states which contains some novel degenerate ground states with oscillating wave packets or stationary double packets in undriven case. We identify such wave packets as Majorana-like quasiparticles and demonstrate that they obey non-Abelian statistics and behave similarly to neutral particles. The braiding operations based on the interchanges of the degenerate non-Abelian quasiparticles are shown, which shift the system between different ground states and may be insensitive to perturbations and weak noise from the environment. The results could be tested experimentally in the existing setups and could be treated as the leading-order results to directly extended to an array of weakly coupled single-electron quantum dots for topological quantum computation.

Field of study: Physics
Identification of the acceptor level V3+/2+ in GaAs and a new experimental observation of V2 in “low spin” ground state in GaAs

The results of optical absorption and deel level transient spectroscopy on various V-doped GaAs materials (n type Bridgman, n and p type liquid encapsulated Czochralski,n andp type liquid phase epitaxy) are reported. It is definitively shown that the single acceptor state of isolated vanadium is located atEc-0.14 eV and that no mid gap-level related to isolated vanadium which could explain same reported semi-insulating properties of V-doped GaAs has been detected. From the analysis of the absolute photoionization cross section gs/skno of the above level it is shown that V2+ is in a low spin state in accordance with recent theoretical predictions.

Field of study: Materials science
A IP Traceback Scheme for Direct Broadcast-based DRDoS Attack

This paper presents a high performance and secure IP Traceback method named ROPMS( Verifiable Probabilistic Marking Scheme) for large scale DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service). Taking advantage of algebraic coding theory and Probabilistic Packet Marking method(PPM),ROPMS marks the edges and nodes of the attacking topology simultaneously. To restore the attacking path precisely,we cross verify those two markers. ROPMS outperforms existing IP Traceback methods in applicability,anti-interference and security. Furthermore,Our method can successfully reconstruct the attacking topology without any information of the ISP network topology. Our simulation experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the method of Chen et al. in convergence and the accuracy of the full path restoring and our method can defend the large scale DRDoS.

Field of study: Computer science
Cytometric bead array (CBA) for the measurement of cytokines in urine and plasma of patients undergoing renal rejection.

Renal rejection is associated with an active immune response regulated by cytokines and in which immunocompetent cells are involved. Previous studies have measured high levels of cytokines in the urine and plasma in various renal dysfunction states. However, some methods used to measured cytokines hinder their use as a diagnostic tool in renal rejection. In this report, cytokine levels were determined in the plasma and urine of kidney transplant patients, with renal rejection and without it, using a cytometric bead array (CBA) technique. Concentrations of six human cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-alpha and INF-gamma) were established. Results show that patients who develop renal rejection presented high levels of IL-10 and IFN-gamma cytokines in plasma and urine compared to patients without renal rejection. The CBA technique displayed greater sensitivity in the determination of cytokines in urine than the conventional ELISA technique. Finally, when standard cytokines in plasma and in urine were compared, it was observed that, in plasma, levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were detected, whereas in urine the levels detected were of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. These results indicate that the CBA assay is a sensitive method to measure cytokines in urine. In kidney transplant patients undergoing acute renal rejection, the presence of cytokines in urine reflects renal damage and could be a useful method in the diagnosis of renal rejection.

Field of study: Medicine
Three-dimensional visualization of orbital forcing and climatic repsonse: Interactively exploring the pacemaker of the ice ages

Recent developments in continuous core-logging techniques now permit us to recover the high-resolution time series necessary for the detailed spectral analyses of paleoclimatic proxy records. When applied to long records recovered by scientific drilling (5–10 Ma) they enable us to look at the long-term history and evolution of the ocean’s response to orbital forcing. A serious limitation in these studies is the need to display the complex, multidimensional spatial and temporal interactions of the ocean-climate system in an easily comprehensible manner. We have addressed this issue by developing a series 3D visualization tools which permit visualization of the role of the orbital parameters in determining the latitudinal variation of insolation as well as the interactive exploration of multidimensional data sets. The ORBITS tool allows us to visualize the effect of orbital eccentricity, precession, and tilt on the latitudinal distribution of insolation on the earth at the solstices and the equinoxes for any time over the past 5 Ma (for Berger’s orbital model) or 10 Ma (for Laskar’s orbital model). The effect of the orbital parameters on insolation can be viewed individually, in pairs, or all three together. By moving the model steadily through time, the rate at which orbitally induced changes in insolation occur can also be visualized. To look at the ocean’s response to orbital forcing we take the long time series generated from our paleoclimatic proxies and calculate their spectrum over a fixed, but sliding, time window. To view the complex multidimensional relationships found in these evolutionary spectral analyses, we use another interactive 3D data exploration tool developed at the University of New Brunswick (Canada). This tool (FLEDERMAUS) uses a six-degrees-of-freedom input device (BAT) and a series of software modules for color coding, shading, and rendering complex data sets, to allow the user to interactively “fly” through the multidimensional data. Through the use of color, texture, and 3D position, as many as six or seven variables can be explored in a simple and intuitive manner. With special liquid-crystal-display glasses, the scene can be viewed in true “stereo.” We use these tools to explore the relationship between orbital forcing and the response of the benthic isotope and calcium carbonate record at ODP Site 846 (90°W and 5°S) This analysis shows an equatorial Pacific carbonate record which has a large component of linear response to tilt, but little linear response to precession. There is a major shift in response, from a carbonate-dominated response to an isotope (ice volume)-dominated response at approximately 4.5 Ma, and as expected, there is a large nonlinear response at the lower frequencies (400 and 100 kyr) during the past 800 kyr to 1 Ma

Field of study: Environmental science
Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides Alleviates Oxidative Damage Induced by H2O2 Through Down-Regulating MicroRNA-194 in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y Cells

Currently, scientists attempt to improve outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI) via reducing secondary injury during SCI. Oxidative stress is critical for pathophysiology of secondary damage, thus we mainly focused on the anti-oxidant effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.  Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2 stimulation. Effects of LBPs on cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy in H2O2-induced cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. Then, expression of miR-194 was determined by qRT-PCR. Expression of miR-194 was dysregulated, and whether LBPs affected H2O2-treated cells through modulating miR-194 was verified. The expression of key kinases in the PI3K/AKT pathway and the intracellular levels of ROS and NO were testified by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry with fluorescent probes.  H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability and increases of apoptosis and autophagy in PC-12 cells were mitigated by LBPs treatment. Next, we found that miR-194 expression was both down-regulated by LBPs treatment in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells. More experiments consolidated that influence of LBPs on H2O2-treated cells was reversed by miR-194 overexpression while was augmented by miR-194 inhibition. LBPs elevated the phosphorylated levels of PI3K and AKT and reduced levels of ROS and NO through miR-194.  LBPs alleviated H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability, and increase of apoptosis and autophagy through down-regulating miR-194. Moreover, LBPs activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and reduced oxidative stress through miR-194.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
DSR based Routing Algorithm with Delay Guarantee for Ad Hoc Networks

Applying real time applications with deadline guarantee for Ad Hoc network seems to be a difficult challenge and to be an impossibility in general. This is due to the features of such networks. However, if we make an assumption on node mobility, traffics and reliability with predictable features, we can get real time guarantee. That is the goal of our present work. In this paper, we present a new routing algorithm based on DSR to get the guarantee of Hard real Time traffics. This algorithm is based on a node resource reservation for each traffic path. An admission control is made to preserve the reserved node resources and is adapted to node mobility by preventing path breaking. Our routing protocol is implemented under NS2 and simulation results perform more stable time features than classical routing.

Field of study: Computer science
Locating hot carrier injection in n-type DeMOS transistors by Charge Pumping and 2D device simulations

The hot carrier degradation behaviour of a drain extended MOS device is presented in this paper. It is shown that upon reverse bias stress interface states (Dit) are created in the channel as well as in the spacer region, the latter being the dominant mechanism. Combining hot carrier and charge pumping experiments and 2D device simulations, the origin and location of degradation can be determined. Hot electron injection is localised well into the spacer, leading to a degradation in on-resistance (Ron). Only 10 % of these injected electrons form interface states. For low Vgs, injection (and degradation) is highest, and a smaller amount of hole injection at the poly edge shows up. For high Vgs or longer stress times, the electron injection shifts further into the spacer reducing the degradation effect.

Field of study: Engineering
Vacuum structure in QCD and Correlation functions

We discuss here a model of QCD vacuum in terms of quark antiquark and gluon condensates alongwith their fluctuations. The correlation functions of hadronic currents in such a vacuum are evaluated to extract hadron properties. The presence of fluctuations of the condensates are emphasized. The structure of vacuum is then generalised to finite temperatures to study correlation functions at finite temperatures. Finally, we discuss the vacuum structure at finite densities with diquark condensates in a Nambu JonaLasinio type model. The coupled mass gap and superconducting gap equations are solved selfconsistently. For certain parameters of the model nontrivial solutions of both the gap equations are obtained. The equation of state is also computed.

Field of study: Physics
The systemic and differential psychoprophylaxis of vascular brain diseases in the workers of an industrial enterprise

Basing on epidemiological, prospective and clinicopsychological data obtained on 1900 industrial workers of Nizhni Novgorod city, the system of psychoprophylaxis and psychotherapy of cerebrovascular diseases has been developed. The system of psychoprophylaxis was used with consideration of the disease stage and phase, psychic and psychosomatic status in risk groups, in subjects with initial and apparent symptoms of cerebrovascular failure. The psychoprophylactic system proved effective in the conditions of a large industrial enterprise.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Impacts of port development on estuarine morphodynamics: Ribadeo (Spain)

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Impacts of port development on estuarine morphodynamics: Ribadeo (Spain) journaltitle: Ocean & Coastal Management articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.05.003 content_type: article copyright:

Field of study: Environmental science