nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
"Boys don't cry": examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds.

The role of conformity to dominant U.S. masculine norms as an antecedent to help-seeking attitudes in men has been established using convenience samples made up largely of college-age and European American males. However, the role of conformity to masculine norms on help-seeking attitudes for noncollege-age men or for men from diverse backgrounds is not well understood. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study examined the cross-cultural relevance of a mediational model of the relationships between conformity to dominant U.S. masculine norms and attitudes toward counseling through the mediator of self-stigma of seeking counseling for 4,773 men from both majority and nonmajority populations (race/ethnicity and sexual orientation). Structural equation modeling results showed that the model established using college males from majority groups (European American, heterosexual) may be applicable to a community sample of males from differing racial/ethnic groups and sexual orientations. However, some important differences in the presence and strengths of the relationships between conformity to dominant masculine norms and the other variables in the model were present across different racial/ethnic groups and sexual orientations. These findings suggest the need to pay specific theoretical and clinical attention to how conformity to dominant masculine norms and self-stigma are linked to unfavorable attitudes toward help seeking for these men, in order to encourage underserved men's help-seeking behavior.

Field of study: Psychology
Challenges of coastal area management in coastal developing countries—lessons from the proposed Rufiji delta prawn farming project, Tanzania

Many developing countries are characterized by a poor economy and thus very small foreign earnings. As an effort to improve their economies most of these countries have adopted liberalization policies under the guidance of the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, these policies are increasingly becoming the source of conflicts over access to and resource use because they do not give proper consideration to the interests of the local communities. Additionally, projects that are known to be socially as well as environmentally destructive in nature are also taking advantage of liberalization policies to try to relocate their activities to Africa. This is a big challenge to African countries especially when the project is considered to offer an important opportunity to stir up the economy. Tanzania recently experienced such a challenge after a private investor proposed to develop an extensive prawn farm in Rufiji delta. The Rufiji delta is located in southern Tanzania and is the largest delta in eastern Africa. It contains the largest estuarine mangrove forest on the eastern coast of the African continent, and numerous other conservation and socio-economic values. Thus it is an ecologically and socially sensitive area. The project proposal caused many conflicts and was strongly opposed by local communities, environmentalists, social activists, and some government departments. However, it was given high priority by the central government, the reason behind being the estimated total export earnings that could be as much as US$500 million per year, more than double the country's total export earnings from other exports. It was also estimated that the project would create 2000 jobs for local communities. Following the crisis over the project, Tanzania started developing an Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM) policy as well as mariculture guidelines. It is hoped that given the level of awareness on ICAM in Tanzania, when these are in operation, will help to eliminate or reduce conflicts. However, revisiting the crisis over the project indicates that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, reviews of EIA, public participation and awareness, and a good ICAM policy should be backed-up by strong political will and commitment to a healthy environment on the part of decision makers, and truthfulness and fairness on the part of investors.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effect of flat-roll forming on critical current density characteristics and microstructure of Nb/sub 3/Al multifilamentary conductors

We have developed a nearly-stoichiometric Nb/sub 3/Al multifilamentary superconductor by exploiting the transformation from bcc supersaturated-solid-solution Nb(Al)/sub ss/. This is a candidate conductor for 1 GHz NMR magnets. Flat-roll forming, an effective way to increase the packing factor of the coil and thereby the coil-current-density, has been carried out on the multifilamentary Nb(Al)/sub ss//Nb wire, and its effects are compared with that of the conventional Nb tube processed conductor. A Nb(Al)/sub ss//Nb wire, 0.74 mm in diameter, was successfully deformed into a tape conductor (the thinnest case: 0.15/sup t//spl times/2.2/sup w/ mm) without mechanical fracture. The flat-roll forming creates very little anisotropy in critical parameters and scarcely degrades the J/sub c/ properties. Excess flat-rolling causes a wide distribution of Nb(Al)/sub ss/ filament areas and thus reduces the n-index in the voltage-current characteristic. However, it is probably possible to retain the high value of the n-index of a wire, by appropriately designing the overall-aspect-ratio of a flattened conductor.

Field of study: Physics
Observers prepare for Comet Kohoutek

The brilliance of the newly discovered Comet Kohoutek and its relatively early observation, nearly a year before the predicted 28 December perihelion, have stimulated astronomers to an abundance of experimental efforts. Results of the studies, which will take place from ground‐based telescopes, from airplanes, from orbiting satellites and balloons and probably from Skylab, could provide some answers to long‐standing questions about the origins of comets, the forces that operate within them and the origin of the solar system itself.

Field of study: Physics
O041 Predominant role of macrophage-derived IL-1alpha but not IL-1beta in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the arterial vasculature. Its clinical manifestations, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-signaling severely exacerbates the chronic vascular inflammation that drives disease progression. While the contribution of inflammasome-activation to atherogenesis in vivo remains controversial, IL-1beta is currently targeted in clinical trials. However, as both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta signal via IL-1R and exhibit overlapping functions, the relative contribution of each IL-1 isoform to atherogenesis is still unclear.  We have compared the impact of both IL-1 isoforms on disease progression in mouse models of atherosclerosis, and have investigated the mechanisms of IL-1alpha versus IL-1beta induction by different atherogenic lipids in macrophage-foam cells.  Here we report that deficiency in hematopoietic IL-1alpha markedly reduced atherosclerosis by 51%, whereas no significant effect was observed in mice lacking BM-derived IL-1beta, suggesting that macrophage-derived IL-1alpha - and not IL-1beta - represents the pro-atherogenic IL-1 isoform. Moreover, our study identified the fatty acid oleic acid, which is abundant amongst plaque lipids, as a selective trigger of potent IL-1alpha - but not IL-1beta - responses in foam cells. This atherogenic IL-1alpha production was independent of inflammasome activation, but surprisingly required the cellular expression of pro-IL-1beta. Hence, IL-1beta−/− macrophages were unable to secrete IL-1alpha, which may explain the conflicting reports showing reduced atherosclerosis in IL-1beta-deficient mice. Furthermore, feeding of an oleate-enriched but cholesterol-free diet aggravated atherogenesis, suggesting that IL-1alpha is both necessary and sufficient to induce the development of atherosclerotic plaques.  Taken together, our data demonstrate that macrophage-foam cells promote atherogenesis primarily through production of IL-1alpha, and therefore suggest that the role of inflammasome activation and IL-1beta in atherosclerosis may need to be reconsidered. Most importantly, they indicate that IL-1alpha and not IL-1beta should be targeted therapeutically in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Field of study: Medicine
Numerical Simulation of Cast-rolling Process for Strip of Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

Based on the preparation methods of fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites(FRAMC), a cast-rolling controlled forming method for continuous FRAMC strip was put forward. And an analysis model of composite forming continuous fiber with liquid aluminum was established, the effect of the flow velocity of liquid aluminum and the heat transfer coefficient between liquid aluminum and cast-rolling roll on flow field,temperature field and solidification field of liquid aluminum in the cast-rolling process were obtained. The results show that the temperature of the liquid aluminum decreases rapidly below the solid phase temperature in the cast-rolling zone, and the flow velocity becomes small; with the increase of casting speed, the speed changes more violently, the solidification rate of molten aluminum becomes small, and both the temperature and the liquid phase ratio values increase gradually at the same point; with the increase of heat transfer coefficient, the temperature is lower, the solidification rate of molten aluminum becomes faster, while the temperature value and the liquid phase ratio decrease at the same point.

Field of study: Materials science
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE MODEL FOR DECISION MAKING IN A CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK

─Abstract ─ Due to the increased environmental concern and also attain competitive advantages, closed-loop supply chain network design has spurred an interest throughout the two last decades among researchers. In addition, supplier selection and considering importance value of customers are of basis issues, which strongly affect on the supply chain performance. In this study, we propose a closed-loop supply chain network that incorporates the network design decisions in both forward and reverse supply chain networks as well as assimilates strategic and tactical decisions. The network is considered for the production of one product through an assembly of multi modules supplied by different suppliers and usage rate. To solve the proposed model, we use STEP method as an interactive approach which reveals the effect on the network solution due to changes in DM’s preferences on various objectives.

Field of study: Business
Remission of collagen‐induced arthritis is associated with high levels of transforming growth factor‐β expression in the joint

Immunization of genetically susceptible strains of mice with heterologous type II collagen leads to the induction of a self‐limiting polyarthritis that begins to subside around 10 days after onset of clinical disease. The aims of this study were to compare pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine expression in the joints during the course of arthritis in order to identify cytokines involved in spontaneous remission of arthritis. DBA/1 mice were immunized with type II collagen and an immunohistochemical analysis of expression of proinflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6] and anti‐inflammatory cytokines [IL‐10, IL‐1ra, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, TGF‐β2 and TGF‐β3] in joints was carried out over the course of the disease. Both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines were found to be expressed in early arthritis. However, around 10 days after onset of arthritis, the level of expression of proinflammatory cytokines declined while the level of expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, particularly TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2, increased. Surprisingly, TNF‐α continued to be expressed at low levels during the period of disease remission (30 days after onset). Blockade of TNF‐α during the period of disease remission had no effect on TGF‐β expression. This study confirms that the level of inflammation in arthritis correlates strongly with the balance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine expression in the joints. Of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines studied, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 predominate during the time of disease remission, suggesting that these cytokines are involved in regulating disease activity.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Growth factors and cultivation of Pleurotus tuber-regium on selected plant wastes.

Pleurotus tuber-regium is a tuberous wild mushroom species, highly expensive, nutritious, very rich in proteins and known to possess medicinal values. The dwindling forests and the absence of commercial cultivation of this mushroom have resulted in scarcity of the sclerotia. The study was conducted to determine the optimum temperature, pH and light regime for the growth of P. tuber-regium and evaluate the use of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), plantain (Musa sapiens) leaves, millet (Eleusine coracana) stalk and composted 'wawa' (Triplochiton scleroxylon) sawdust as substrates for its cultivation. Pleurotus tuber-regium grew fastest at 35oC, pH 6 and in continuous darkness. Only plantain leaf substrate produced fruitbodies and sclerotia whilst 'wawa' sawdust produced only sclerotia in bags. Plantain leaves yielded fruitbodies with a Biological Efficiency (B.E) of 54.47% while the sclerotia gave a B.E of 62.05%. The B.E value of 99.65% was obtained from sclerotia of 'wawa' sawdust. The sclerotium had highest crude protein content followed by the pileus and stipe in decreasing order. Knowledge of the growth requirements and the potential substrates will facilitate large scale production and commercialization of the fungus.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Further similarity solutions of two- dimensional wakes and jets

References 1 McCarthy, J. R. and Wolf, H., "The heat transfer characteristics of gaseous hydrogen and helium," Rocket dyne Research Rept. 60-12, p. 50 (December 1960). 2 McAdams, W. H., Heat Transmission (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1954), 3rd ed., Chap. 8, pp. 184-188. 3 Bartz, D. R., "An approximate solution of compressible turbulent boundary-layer development and convective heat transfer in convergent-divergent nozzles,"  1235-1245 (1955).

Field of study: Physics
On M[x]/G1 G2/1 queue with optional re-service

We study a single server queue with batch arrivals and two types of heterogeneous service with different general (arbitrary) service time distributions. The server provides either type of service to customers, one by one, on a first come, first served basis. Just before a service starts, a customer has the option to choose either type of service after completion of which the customer may leave the system or may opt for re-service of the service taken by him. We obtain steady-state results in explicit and closed form in terms of the probability generating functions for the number of customers in the queue and the system, the average number of customers and the average waiting time in the queue as well as the system. Some special cases of interest are discussed and some known results have been derived. A numerical illustration is provided.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.

The effects of saponins of Panax notoginseng (PNGS) on the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists-induced contractile responses and Ca2+ movement were studied in dog mesenteric artery (MA) and saphenous vein (SV). PNGS reduced the contractions and the 45Ca influx (from 0.36 +/- 0.03 to 0.14 +/- 0.05 mumol.g-1 wet strip) induced by phenylephrine (Phe) without effect on KCl-induced contraction and 45Ca influx which were nearly completely inhibited by nifedipine 0.1 mumol.L-1. PNGS did not change the 45Ca efflux induced by Phe and the Kd value (from 0.76 +/- 0.04 to 0.72 +/- 0.15 nmol.L-1) for [3H]prazosin binding on the microsomal membrane isolated from MA. Our results indicate that PNGS selectively inhibits Ca2+ entry through receptor-operated Ca2+ channel.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Effect of Extrusion on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of a Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid): Reprocessing and Recycling of Biobased Materials

The aim of this research paper is to study the behaviour of a common used biopolymer (Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)) after several reprocesses and how two different types of additives (a melt strength enhancer and a nanoadditive) affect its mechanical and rheological properties. Systematic extraction of extrudate samples from a twin-screw compounder was done in order to study the effect in the properties of the reprocessed material. Detailed rheological tests on a capillary rheometer as well as mechanical studies on a universal tensile machine after preparation of injected specimens were carried out. Results evidenced that PLA and reinforced PLA materials can be reprocessed and recycled without a remarkable loss in their mechanical properties. Several processing restrictions and specific phenomena were identified and are explained in the present manuscript.

Field of study: Materials science
A New Practitioner’s Perspective on Combining Interprofessional and Cultural Competence Instruction in Pharmacy School Curriculum

In the June 2015 issue of AJPE, Okoro and colleagues published an insightful and thorough study regarding the current state of cultural competence instruction in pharmacy school curricula.1 The article concisely demonstrated areas of strength and weakness in teaching pharmacy students how to become culturally competent health care providers. I would like to add to the conversation by providing a way to incorporate interprofessional instruction with cultural competence. 
 
Cultural competence is the ability of health care providers to “provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors…to meet patients’ social, cultural, and linguistic needs.”2 Two of the barriers to culturally competent care, which Okoro and colleagues allude to, are lack of diversity in health care’s workforce and poor communication between providers and patients of different backgrounds.1,2 The first is a more long-term obstacle, but I believe much can be done in the short-term. 
 
As a recent pharmacy school graduate, I—like many of the students who completed the surveys for Okoro’s study—feel that much of my cultural competency training came from outside the curriculum. It came from service-learning, volunteering in the community, and through the IPSF (International Pharmaceutical Students Federation)  Okoro and colleagues addressed how cultural competence instruction can be made a seamless part of pharmacy school curriculum, attainable for all students, not just for those from other cultures or with a vested interest in expanding their cultural horizons. 
 
One potential solution and area for further research is partnerships between pharmacy schools and local health sciences schools, such as medicine, nursing, physical therapy, or occupational therapy. Multiple authors have published about cultural competence education already embedded into medical school curriculum.3,4 Rutledge and colleagues described how nurse practitioners attained cultural competence.5 In all of these scenarios, direct patient interaction was the most beneficial learning tool for students. Perhaps it is feasible to combine students from various professional programs into one learning activity, use standardized patients, and integrate health care providers before they graduate from their respective schools. This demands further research. 
 
The concept of combining interprofessional and culturally competency instruction, perhaps by using standardized patients, could touch upon several Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) requirements: cultural sensitivity (Standard 3.5) and interprofessional education (Standard 11, 24.3, and 25.6).6 This could be an opportunity to not only enhance cultural competent instruction for future pharmacists but also bridge the gaps among health science students who will all be expected to provide interprofessional and culturally competent care after graduating.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
One World, Two Realities: Perception Differences between Software Developers and Testers

Strong working relations between software developers and testers are critical to the efficient and effective development of high-quality software. Smooth collaboration must occur as testers find problems and developers fix problems in the software. Prior studies based on anecdotal data have suggested that developers and testers have different personalities, approaches to work, etc., and these differences may have negative impacts on software project outcomes such as software quality and job satisfaction. This study examines the results of a nationwide survey undertaken to empirically examine and to improve our understanding of the pertinent areas where developers and testers differ. Results support that significant differences exist in perceptions between developers and testers. We conclude that these differences must be considered in order to improve software development efficiency and effectiveness.

Field of study: Computer science
Eigenvector Error Bounds and Their Applications to Structural Modification

We have shown previously that some natural frequencies and mode shapes of a modified vibrating structure may be approximated from the incremental mass and stiffness matrices, and from an incomplete set of measured natural frequencies and mode shapes for the unmodified system. In addition, error bounds were obtained for the natural frequencies of the modified structure. We bound here the error in the approximated mode shapes. portion. Nevertheless, we have developed in Ref. 5 a method for approximating the modal parameters of a structure based on such data and have shown that the approximation is opti- mal in a Rayleigh-Ritz sense. The associated inverse problem, in which the incremental matrices are derived to meet prescribed modal data, is posed and also partially solved in Ref. 6. Naturally, it is of impor- tance to investigate the question "How good are these approx- imations?" Clearly, several error mechanisms contribute to the discrepancy between the modal parameters of the real structure and their analytical approximation. First, the real structure is a nonlinear continuous system, whereas the model is linear and discrete. Second, there are uncertainties regarding the physical properties and boundary conditions of the vibrat- ing structure. Third, the approximation is based on incom- plete modal data for the unmodified structure, e.g., only n natural frequencies and mode shapes are assumed to be known. We have named this last effect, the modal truncation error. The analytical approximation is based mainly on data from experiments, and we assume that the mechanisms of error resulting from nonlinearity, discretization, and uncer- tainties in the physical parameters are negligible with respect to the dominant error caused by the modal truncation. Under such an assumption the possible errors of the natural frequen- cies of the modified structure have been bounded, using vari- ous methods, in a series of papers. 7"10 The estimation of natural frequences and their range of variation is a main objective in the design and analysis of vibratory systems. For some applications it is equally important to be able to predict mode shapes and error bounds for the modified structure. This information is essential for the analysis of the dynamic stresses and strains. Bounding the nodal points and the ex- treme values of the fundamental mode shapes is also of great

Field of study: Physics