nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Agent-Based Metric for Quality of Services over Wireless Networks

In a wireless LAN environment, wireless stations with the strongest received signal can not be guaranteed to have the best quality of service if the population sharing the network capacity was not considered. In other words, within the same access point, the more the population, the less the shared bandwidth, and the worse the quality of service will be. In this paper, we proposed an anticipative agent assistance which is an agent-based metric for evaluating and managing the resource of the wireless access points, computing the potential AP list, and providing clients with resource information of APs. We also propose a novel QoS feedback mechanism which allows users to promptly adjust the service quality with AAA according to the throughput and delay requirements. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method using the ns-2 simulator. Numerical results show that AAA help reduce the transmission delay, increase the throughput, improve the network utilization, accommodate more users, and provide load-balancing

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Biomonitoring airborne parent and alkylated three-ring PAHs in the Greater Cologne Conurbation I: temporal accumulation patterns.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise an important group of air pollutants, with three-ring components (PAH-3) often dominating. Spatiotemporal variation in atmospheric PAH-3 can be analyzed by biomonitoring but high vapour pressure and low octanol-air-partitioning of PAH-3 cause dynamic accumulation on plant surfaces. This study for the first time shows that PAH-3 exhibit systematic accumulation trends on pine needles of 3-48 months of exposure time at six sites in Germany. Correlation of needle exposure time with PAH-3 concentration was r(2)=0.83 for phenanthrene and methylphenanthrenes, r(2)=0.77 for cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, r(2)=0.60 for dibenzothiophene, r(2)=0.57 for dimethylphenanthrenes and r(2)=0.32 for retene. Variations in PAH-3 for summer and winter collected needles emphasize vegetation-air-partitioning influence on cumulative PAH-3 loads. PAH-3 ratios calculated for needle cohorts indicate persistence of original PAH patterns thus demonstrating the source-diagnostic potential of pine needle biomonitoring, which is utilized in part II of this study where spatial distribution of PAH-3 is investigated and related to emission sources.

Field of study: Environmental science
Therapeutic induction of autophagy to modulate neurodegenerative disease progression

There is accumulating evidence that aggregating, misfolded proteins may have an impact on autophagic function, suggesting that this could be a secondary pathological mechanism in many diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotropic lateral sclerosis.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
To Solve the Shrinkage Problem in UK Casting by Proportional Solidification Theory

Two casting examples are given in this article showing that shrinkage problems in the castings were solved using proportional solidification theory, specially using thin, wide and short rectangular riser neck. And computer solidification simulation for castings was also discussed. Computer solidification simulation software as a high technology is a powerful tool for helping foundry engineers in improving process design of casting, casting quality, and casting yield. However it is misunderstanding that expecting to get solution and solve (casting) problem immediately using casting simulation software. Computer solidification simulation software as a tool for castings can play good role, reach expected result and potential only when used by experienced casting experts. Combination of computer solidification simulation software, expert system and artificial (knowledgeware) would be better to solve problems about process design of castings.

Field of study: Materials science
Silurian (Llandovery) graptolites from the Bay of Exploits, north-central Newfoundland, and their geological significance

Only one specimen of a Silurian graptolite has ever been recorded from Newfoundland, and it was not identifiable below generic level. The graptolite assemblage discussed and figured here, from a sequence of turbidites on Upper Black Island, north-central Newfoundland, includes the first positively identified Silurian taxa from the province, and provides the first unequivocal evidence of Silurian oceanic sedimentation in the Dunnage Zone. The graptolite taxa include Rastrites peregrinus (Barrande), Coronograptus? sp. cf. C. gregarius (Lapworth), Monograptus austerus sequens Hutt?, Orthograptus insectiformis (Nicholson), Monograptus spp. indet., "Climacograptus"? sp., and Glyptograptus? sp. This assemblage demonstrates that the strata, previously assigned to the Middle Ordovician Lawrence Harbour Formation, are actually Aeronian (middle Llandovery) in age and that the turbidites considerably postdate both the Lawrence Harbour and Point Leamington formations of the Exploits Subzone. Furthermore, the graptoli...

Field of study: Environmental science
The work of examples in classroom instruction

Providing examples is part of the daily routine that classroom teachers carry out in the course of their lessons, and yet we rarely examine how examples are produced and what kinds of work they do in the lively context of classroom interaction. The present study inquires into how instructional examples are portrayed in prior literature by educational psychologists and brings out what can not be seen through their cognitively oriented research. Following ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, this paper proposes that providing examples is a practical and interactional task enacted within witnessable details of classroom interaction. The second part of the paper provides analyses of talk exchanges taken from college ESL classrooms to demonstrate how instructional examples are part of developing sequences of discourse-in-interaction and how they pull into view an array of competent practices of teaching in and as the teachers’ communicative actions.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Augmented Nested Arrays With Enhanced DOF and Reduced Mutual Coupling

Recently, nonuniform linear arrays (e.g., coprime/nested array) have attracted great attention of researchers in array signal processing field due to its ability to generate virtual difference coarrays. In the array design, a critical problem is where to place the sensors for optimal performance aiming for a maximum degree of freedom capacity and a minimum mutual coupling ratio, simultaneously. An augmented nested array concept is proposed by splitting the dense subarray of nested array into several parts, which can be rearranged at the two sides of the sparse subarray of nested array. Specifically, four closed-form expressions for the physical sensor locations and the virtual sensor locations are derived for any given element number. Compared to the (super) nested array having the same element number, the newly formed augmented nested array possesses higher degree-of-freedom capacity and less mutual coupling. In the end, numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed arrays.

Field of study: Engineering
Temporary Movement of Natural Persons (TMNP): Prospects and Constraints of Bangladesh

Temporary Movement of Natural Persons (TMNP) known as Mode-4 under the General Agreements of Trade inService (GATS) is the real interest for Bangladesh in service negotiation. The research reveals the significanceof TMNP and its impact on the living standard of households and economic development of Bangladesh. It hasdemonstrated the scope for future diversification in profession and market to expand volume of labor exportfrom Bangladesh. In addition, this article has shown the constraints faced by Bangladesh in TMNP. The analysisis based on the secondary information and comprehensive database. Finally, the study depicts measures toimprove the current status of TMNP in light of major market access barriers.

Field of study: Business
Research and Practice of Teaching Methods of Communication Principle Course

In order to improve the teaching quality of Communication Principle course, and adapt to the development of communication technologies and meet the demand of teaching in higher colleges, according to the real situation of the author's own students, explores and realizes the course in the following aspects: teaching methods, teaching means and experiment procedures. Practice has proved that these ways can help to improve the quality of teaching, enhance the students' practical ability, and they can gradually develop the students' consciousness of innovation and promote their comprehensive ability.

Field of study: Computer science
GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

Ten new gravity stations on St. Thomas and 21 stations on St. Croix have been established with the Frost geodetic gravimeter. With new submarine gravity stations made in this area with the Vening Meinesz pendulum apparatus, a 200-km profile is formed across the Virgin Islands. Charts are presented showing simple Bouguer anomalies on land and free-air anomalies at sea. On St. Thomas, contours of the simple Bouguer anomalies are essentially parallel to the strike of the surface structures. On St. Croix, the contours outline the Tertiary sedimentary basin (Cederstrom, 1950). Estimates from the gravity data indicate that these sediments form a wedge which reaches its greatest thickness, about 2 km, near the eastern margin of the basin. Seismic stations near the gravity profile are used as a guide in computing a structure section across the Virgin Islands. The M-discontinuity is determined by gravity computations to be at about 29 km beneath St. Thomas and St. Croix and 22 km below sea level under the Anegada trough.

Field of study: Geology
Ion-beam implosion of fusion targets

The performance of ion-beam: irradiated fusion targets consisting of a high-density spherical shell containing DT gas has been calculated. Breakeven with 10-MeV protons irradiating 1: 2-mm-diam targets can be produced with a beam current around 10 MA. Results for various target sizes and other beam particles and voltages are also discussed.

Field of study: Physics
The effect of growth irradiance on leaf anatomy and photosynthesis in Acer species differing in light demand

Variation in light demand is a major factor in determining the growth and survival of trees in a forest. There is strong relation between the light-demand and the effect of growth irradiance on leaf morphology and photosynthesis in three Acer species: A. rufinerve (light-demanding), A. mono (intermediate) and A. palmatum (shade-tolerant). The increase in mesophyll thickness and surface area of chloroplasts facing the intercellular airspaces (Sc) with growth irradiance was highest in A. rufinerve. Although the increase in light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax) was similar among the species, the increase in water use efficiency (WUE) was much higher in A. rufinerve than that in the other species, indicating that the response to water limitation plays an important role in leaf photosynthetic acclimation to high light in A. rufinerve. The low CO2 partial pressure at the carboxylation site (Cc) in A. rufinerve (130 µmol mol−1) at high irradiance was caused by low stomatal and internal conductance to CO2 diffusion, which minimized the increase in Amax in A. rufinerve despite its high Rubisco content. Under shade conditions, interspecific differences in leaf features were relatively small. Thus, difference in light demand related to leaf acclimation to high light rather than that to low light in the Acer species.

Field of study: Environmental science
An empirical study on the co-occurrence between refactoring actions and Self-Admitted Technical Debt removal

Technical Debt (TD) concerns the lack of an adequate solution in a software project, from its design to the source code. Its admittance through source code comments, issues, or commit messages is referred to as Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Previous research has studied SATD from different perspectives, including its distribution, impact on software quality, and removal. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between refactoring and SATD removal. By leveraging a dataset of SATD and their removals in four open-source projects and by using an automated refactoring detection tool, we study the co-occurrence of refactoring and SATD removals. Results of the study indicate that refactoring is more likely to co-occur with SATD removals than with other commits, however, in most cases, they belong to different quality improvement activities performed at the same time. Moreover, if looking closely at refactoring actions co-occurring with SATD removal in the same code entities, a relationship between these activities can be found. Finally, we found how both source code quality metrics and SATD removals play a statistically significant role in the likelihood that the commit applies a refactoring action.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Radiation hardness and charge collection efficiency of lithium irradiated thin silicon diodes

Due to their low depletion voltage, even after high particle fluences, improved tracking precision and momentum resolution, and reduced material budget, thin substrates are one of the possible choices to provide radiation hard detectors for future high energy physics experiments. In the framework of the CERN RD50 Collaboration, we have developed PIN diode detectors on membranes obtained by locally thinning the silicon substrate by means of TMAH etching from the wafer backside. Diodes of different shapes and sizes have been fabricated on 50-/spl mu/m and 100-/spl mu/m thick membranes and tested, showing a low leakage current (of 300 nA/cm/sup 3/) and a very low depletion voltage (in the order of 1 V for the 50 /spl mu/m membrane) before irradiation. Radiation damage tests have been performed with 58 MeV lithium (Li) ions up to the fluence of 10/sup 14/ Li/cm/sup 2/ in order to determine the depletion voltage and leakage current density increase after irradiation. Charge collection efficiency tests carried out with a /spl beta//sup -/ particle source have been performed on both nonirradiated devices and samples irradiated up to 1.8/spl times/10/sup 13/ Li/cm/sup 2/. Results reported here confirm the advantages of thinned diodes with respect to standard 300-/spl mu/m thick devices in terms of low depletion voltage and high charge collection efficiency.

Field of study: Physics
AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR ACCESSING CARBOANNULATED AND FUNCTIONALIZED [1,2,3]TRIAZOLO[4,5- b ]PYRIDINES

4-(N-Boc-amino)-1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehydes upon heating under reflux in acetic acid in the presence of pyrrolidine react with cycloalkanones, acetylacetone, 1,3-cyclohexanediones, and malononitrile resulting in annulation of the pyridine ring with the formation of new derivatives of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine.

Field of study: Chemistry
Serum concentration of interleukin‐35 and its association with tumor stages and FOXP3 gene polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer

&NA; IL‐35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is largely synthesized by regulatory T (Treg) cells and may inhibit antitumor immune responses. This investigation aimed to determine the serum IL‐35 concentrations and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in position of rs3761548, within the promoter region of FOXP3 gene, in patients with prostate cancer (PC). The blood specimens were obtained from 150 PC patients prior to using radiation therapy, chemo‐ or immunotherapy and 150 age‐matched healthy men as a control group. The serum IL‐35 concentrations and the pattern of genetic variation at position of rs3761548 were assessed using ELISA and polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP), respectively. The mean serum IL‐35 concentrations were significantly higher in PC patients when compared with healthy control group (20.01 ± 7.03 Pg/mL vs. 11.60 ± 2.49 Pg/mL, P < 0.001). The serum IL‐35 concentrations raised with progression of PC stages so that there was a significant difference between PC stages concerning the IL‐35 concentrations (P < 0.001). The mean serum IL‐35 concentrations in patients with Gleason scores of 1–6 and Gleason scores 7–10 were significantly higher as compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, the serum IL‐35 concentrations in patients with having Gleason scores of 7–10 were significantly higher as compared with patients with Gleason scores of 1–6 (P < 0.001). Evaluation of the genetic variations in position SNP rs3761548 revealed that the AA genotype and A allele were more prevalent whereas CC genotype and C allele were less prevalent in PC patients when compared with healthy men (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). The AA genotype and A allele were associated with higher risk of PC incidence [OR: 2.42 (95% CI: 1.179–4.99); P < 0.001 and OR: 1.732 (95% CI: 1.244 – 2.413); P < 0.001, respectively]. The mean serum IL‐35 concentrations were significantly higher in total subjects (PC patients + healthy individuals) with AA genotype and A allele than individuals with CC genotype and C allele at SNP rs3761548 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Higher serum IL‐35 concentrations observed in patients with PC that were increased with progressive tumor stages. These findings indicate that the IL‐35 is possibly involve in tumor progression. Moreover, SNP rs3761548 may affect the susceptibility to PC and the serum IL‐35 concentrations.

Field of study: Medicine
The use of the waiting list in a fair selection of patients for nursing home care.

When health care resources are scarce, waiting lists may be used as a distribution measure in order to enhance the fair allocation of resources through selection of patients. In this study, the structure and use of a waiting list for a fair selection of patients for nursing home admission was studied. Qualitative research took place in two regions in the Netherlands, where scarcity exists in nursing home care. Selection meetings were attended and 39 health care workers were interviewed. Not only did waiting list criteria like urgency and chronology determine the final selection decision, but also efficiency and quality of care considerations (patients' preferences for particular nursing homes and nursing homes' considerations of matching the unit and work load). These considerations, their relative importance, and the resulting need for enforcement of the decision-making procedures, should be part of the discussion of patient selection. This acknowledges the complexity of the selection of patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Study of effective diffusion coefficient of Chryseobacterium sp. in saturated soil using membrane cell and fractal dimension model

Diffusion of microbe plays an important role in microbial restoration of soil and groundwater.For saturated soil,a membrane cell was designed to measure the effective diffusion coefficient.In this study,the theory of fractal dimension was also used to calculate the cell constant of bacteria and the tortuosity factor of soil membrane.In the experiment of KCl diffusion,cell constant of KCl was directly calculated.In the second experiment the model of fractal dimension was used and the cell constant of microbe diffusion was obtained.Using the model of fractal dimension,tortuosity factor was also deduced.The effective diffusion coefficient of bacteria was obtained.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Multi-feature Fusion Method for Blog Post Classification

Blog has become one of the most popular applications on Internet.The content of Blog posts is various,so it's meaningful to have a research on Blog post classification.As Blog posts are different from News articles,common text classification methods doesn't perform well.We present a new method which is fit for Blog post classification in this paper.The method can make full use of the features of Blog post like Tag and custom category and fuse them.The noise words in custom category are filtered by pretreament.We find that the precision of this method is obviously better than common text classification methods.

Field of study: Computer science
The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of PhzF, a key enzyme in the phenazine-biosynthesis pathway from Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79.

Phenazines produced by members of several bacterial genera are biologically active metabolites that function in microbial competitiveness, the suppression of soil-borne plant diseases and virulence in infectious disease. Despite recent progress towards understanding the biochemistry of phenazine synthesis, the key reactions leading to the formation of the heterocyclic scaffold common to all phenazine compounds remain obscure. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 contains seven phenazine (phz) genes that encode components of the pathway for biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. A central step in this pathway involves the condensation of two identical precursor molecules derived from chorismic acid and is catalysed by the product of the phzF gene. In this study, recombinant PhzF was purified and crystallized from PEG 4000/ammonium sulfate/sodium citrate pH 5.6. The crystals belong to space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 56.3, c = 156.4 A. They contain one monomer in the asymmetric unit and diffract to better than 1.7 A on synchrotron beamlines. Crystals of seleno-L-methionine-labelled PhzF have been obtained and SAD data are reported.

Field of study: Chemistry
Two-Stage Importance Sampling With Mixture Proposals

For importance sampling (IS), multiple proposals can be combined to address different aspects of a target distribution. There are various methods for IS with multiple proposals, including Hesterberg's stratified IS estimator, Owen and Zhou's regression estimator, and Tan's maximum likelihood estimator. For the problem of efficiently allocating samples to different proposals, it is natural to use a pilot sample to select the mixture proportions before the actual sampling and estimation. However, most current discussions are in an empirical sense for such a two-stage procedure. In this article, we establish a theoretical framework of applying the two-stage procedure for various methods, including the asymptotic properties and the choice of the pilot sample size. By our simulation studies, these two-stage estimators can outperform estimators with naive choices of mixture proportions. Furthermore, while Owen and Zhou's and Tan's estimators are designed for estimating normalizing constants, we extend their usage and the two-stage procedure to estimating expectations and show that the improvement is still preserved in this extension.

Field of study: Mathematics