nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Korelasi Antara Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Dan Disiplin Belajar Siswa Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA PGRI 4 Denpasar Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Korelasi antara Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA PGRI 4 Denpasar Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018, (2) Korelasi antara Disiplin Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA PGRI 4 Denpasar Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018, serta (3) Korelasi antara Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dan Disiplin Belajar Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA PGRI 4 Denpasar Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan penelitian populasi dengan responden sebanyak 47 siswa.Hasil korelasi Product Moment kompetensi pedagogik dengan prestasi belajar menunjukan nilai rxy 0,5424, dan nilai korelasi Product Moment disiplin belajar siswa dengan prestasi belajar siswa menunjukan nilai rxy 0,4052. Harga rtabel untuk kesalahan 5% sebesar 0,288. Diperkuat dengan analisis regresi dua prediktor (Ry(1,2)) 0,5733450761 dan harga fregresi 10,773432816 dengan taraf signifikan 5% 3,21, disertai dengan SR% sebesar 74,49% dan sebesar 25,51% . Efektifitas garis regresinya sebesar 32,87% yang terdiri dari dari sumbangan efektif 24,48% dan 8,39%, sedangkan sisanya 67,13% (100% - 32,87%) dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti pada kesempatan ini. Jadi “Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dan Disiplin Belajar Siswa “ memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap “Prestasi Belajar Siswa”

Field of study: Sociology
Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Quotient Space Theory in Cloud Environment

Considered the commercialization and the virtualization characteristics of cloud computing,focusing on the problem of high efficiency and effectiveness resource scheduling,the paper proposed for the first time an algorithm of resource scheduling based on fuzzy quotient space theory.In the resource scheduling process,each virtual machine attribute is abstracted as an attribute information granulation at first.Then the multi-attribute information granulation according to their granular weight,which are defined by the user QoS requirement is studied.Combining with the theory of fuzzy quotient space,fuzzy equivalence partition and distance function are given at last.Based on this,the matching of tasks with resources in cloud environment is implemented.The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively execute the user tasks and increase resource utilization rate.

Field of study: Computer science
Comparisons of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in the CAM vine Hoya australis and several C3 vines growing on the coast of eastern Australia

The CAM vine Hoya australis and three C3 vines, Smilax australis, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Kennedta rubicunda, were studied at a site on the coast of northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The level of CAM activity (nocturnal acid accumulation) was comparable in H. australis growing in full sunlight and in deep shade. Acclimation to shade by H. australis was indicated by thinner leaves, increased chlorophyll content, decreased chlorophyll a/b ratios, lower dark respiration rates, and lower light compensation points. When growing in full sunlight H. australis exhibited reductions in photochemical efficiency, as indicated by reduced quantum yields and Fv/Fm fluorescence from PS II as well as low rates of photosynthesis at high light. Sun leaves of H. australis experienced a massive quenching of fluorescence from PS II during normal exposure to midday irradiance which was rapidly reversible under low irradiance conditions in the late afternoon. This quenching indicated a reduction in photochemical efficiency, part of which could be accounted for by an increase in non-radiative energy dissipation, while part of it was due to one or more processes not yet identified. Changes in PS II fluorescence from shade H. australis exposed to full sunlight suggest a decrease in the rate constant for photochemistry indicative of damage to the reaction centre, as well as an increase in non-radiative energy dissipation. The C3 vine S. australis was also shade tolerant, but exhibited little evidence of photoinhibition when growing in full sunlight. Ipomoea pescaprae and K. rubicunda, both of which were apparently shade intolerant (being found only in full sunlight), possessed high quantum yields and much higher photosynthetic capacities than either H. australis or S. australis. From this study, and several others, it appears that plants possessing CAM experience photoinhibition to a greater degree than do C3 species in full sunlight under natural conditions, which is probably exacerbated by some degree of CAM-idling.

Field of study: Environmental science
Monotone dependence of the spectral bound on the transition rates in linear compartment models

For linear compartment models or Leslie-type staged population models with quasi-positive matrix the spectral bound of the matrix (the eigenvalue determining stability) is studied in the situation where particles or individuals leave a compartment or stage with some rate and enter another with the same rate. Then the matrix carries the rate with a positive sign in some off-diagonal entry and with a negative sign in the corresponding diagonal entry. Hence the matrix does not depend on the rate in a monotone way. It is shown, however, that the spectral bound is a monotone function of the rate. It is all the time strictly increasing or strictly decreasing or it is constant. A simple algebraic criterion distinguishes between the three cases. The results can be applied to linear systems and to the stability of stationary states in non-linear systems, in particular to models for the transmission of infectious diseases, and in population dynamics.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Pathology of the thoracic aorta: a morphologic review of 338 surgical specimens over a 7-year period.

A total of 338 surgical specimens of the thoracic aorta were studied morphologically. These were obtained from patients (238 males, 100 females) operated on for aortic aneurysm or dissection at the Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy, between January 1999 and June 2005. Medial degeneration was diagnosed in 299 cases (138 aneurysms, 161 dissections), atherosclerosis with extensive medial destruction was seen in 32 cases (26 aneurysms, 6 dissections), and giant cell arteritis (GCA) was found in 7 cases (all aneurysms). These data show that medial degeneration was a common nonspecific histologic diagnosis in aortic resection after the occurrence of aneurysm or dissection. Considering that this diagnosis was made in as many as 118 patients over 70 years of age and in 175 patients over 65, normal advancing age would appear as the most frequent correlation with these aortic events. Ageing is also associated with the increasing number of cases of GCA with aortic involvement. Angiogenesis, always observed next to areas of medial damage whatever the underlying pathology, may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic dissection and aneurysm.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
The Mechanism of Action of Zingerone in the Pacemaker Potentials of Interstitial Cells of Cajal Isolated from Murine Small Intestine

Zingerone, a major component found in ginger root, is clinically effective for the treatment of various diseases. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells responsible for slow waves in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We investigated the effects of zingerone on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs to assess its mechanisms of action and its potential as a treatment for GI tract motility disorder.  We isolated ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record the pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs.  Under the current clamping mode, zingerone inhibited pacemaker potentials of ICCs concentration-dependently. These effects were blocked not by capsazepine, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel blocker, but by glibenclamide, a specific ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker. Pretreatment with SQ-22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor), and calphostin C (a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) did not block the effects of zingerone on the pacemaker potentials relative to treatment with zingerone alone. However, zingerone-induced pacemaker potential inhibition was blocked by 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), KT5823 (a protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor), and L-NAME (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor). In addition, zingerone stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production in ICCs. Finally, pretreatment with PD98059 (a p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), and SP600125 (c–Jun N–terminal kinases (JNK)–specific inhibitor) blocked the zingerone-induced pacemaker potential inhibition.  These results suggest that zingerone concentration-dependently inhibits pacemaker potentials of ICCs via NO/cGMP-dependent ATP-sensitive K+ channels through MAPK-dependent pathways. Taken together, this study shows that zingerone may have the potential for development as a GI regulation agent.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Application of the IUCN Red Listing system to setting species targets for conservation planning purposes

Biodiversity targets, or estimates of the quantities of biodiversity features that should be conserved in a region, are fundamental to systematic conservation planning. We propose that targets for species should be based on the quantitative thresholds developed for the Vulnerable category of the IUCN Red List system, thereby avoiding future listings of species in an IUCN Red List threat category or an increase in the extinction risk, or ultimate extinction, of species already listed as threatened. Examples of this approach are presented for case studies from South Africa, including threatened taxa listed under the IUCN Red List criteria of A to D, a species listed as Near Threatened, a species of conservation concern due to its rarity, and one species in need of recovery. The method gives rise to multiple representation targets, an improvement on the often used single representation targets that are inadequate for long term maintenance of biodiversity or the arbitrary multiple representation and percentage targets that are sometimes adopted. Through the implementation of the resulting conservation plan, these targets will ensure that the conservation status of threatened species do not worsen over time by qualifying for higher categories of threat and may actually improve their conservation status by eliminating the threat of habitat loss and stabilizing population declines. The positive attributes ascribed to the IUCN Red List system, and therefore to the species targets arising from this approach, are important when justifying decisions that limit land uses known to be detrimental to biodiversity.

Field of study: Environmental science
Steroid-induced alterations in mRNA expression of the long form of the prolactin receptor in the medial preoptic area of female rats: Effects of exposure to a pregnancy-like regimen of progesterone and estradiol.

It is firmly established that the onset of maternal behavior in the female rat is stimulated by a combination of hormones that include prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P(4)). Specifically, nulliparous rats display short latencies to respond to foster young when primed with Silastic capsules filled with P4 and E2 and then administered PRL centrally to the medial preoptic area (MPOA), an area integrally involved in the expression of maternal behavior in this species. PRL or P4 treatments alone are ineffective in stimulating the expression of maternal care. Since the actions of PRL in the MPOA appear to be mediated by PRL receptors, it was of interest to determine whether and how treatment with P4 and E2 together or separately might alter mRNA expression of the long form of the PRL receptor (PRL-R(L)) in the MPOA. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH), mRNA expression of the PRL-R(L) was measured in the MPOA of ovariectomized, nulliparous rats treated with various combinations of P4 and E2. Treatment of animals with P4 alone for 10 days or with P4 followed by E2 for 1 or 4 days resulted in reductions in PRL receptor mRNA expression in the MPOA when compared with the expression in animals treated with E2 alone or blank capsules. The actions of P4 on mRNA expression of the PRL-R(L) were more pronounced in the dorsal MPOA. Circulating PRL levels collected at the time of sacrifice were elevated in all groups treated with E2, but no association between PRL levels and receptor mRNA expression within the MPOA was evident. These findings indicate that the dorsal MPOA may be one site of progesterone's action in facilitating prolactin-mediated maternal behavior.

Field of study: Biology
Expression, purification and crystallization of a cohesin domain from the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum.

The cellulosome of the cellulolytic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum, is a multi-enzyme complex in which the enzymatic (cellulolytic) subunits are attached to a unique nonhydrolytic subunit called scaffoldin. The attachment is mediated by two mutually interacting domains: namely multiple cohesin domains on the scaffoldin subunit and a dockerin domain on each of the enzymatic subunits. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of each of the interacting components would be critical to a better understanding of the cohesin-dockerin interaction at the molecular level. In this report, we describe the purification of one of the nine cohesin domains of the scaffoldin subunit from C. thermocellum. A DNA segment containing the cohesin 2 sequence was fused to a hexa-histidine tag, and the resultant construct was expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed peptide was efficiently isolated by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant form of the cohesin was crystallized pending determination of its structure.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
More Efficient Local Polynomial Estimation in Nonparametric Regression With Autocorrelated Errors

We propose a modification of local polynomial time series regression estimators that improves efficiency when the innovation process is autocorrelated. The procedure is based on a pre-whitening transformation of the dependent variable that must be estimated from the data. We establish the asymptotic distribution of our estimator under weak dependence conditions. We show that the proposed estimation procedure is more efficient than the conventional local polynomial method. We also provide simulation evidence to suggest that gains can be achieved in moderate-sized samples.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effects of CeO2 on the Si Precipitation Mechanism of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO2 contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO2 content on the microstructure of the composites was studied. The mechanism of CeO2 on the precipitation of Si during sintering was analyzed by theoretical calculations. The results show that the appropriate amount of CeO2 can significantly refine the size of precipitated Si particles in the composite and increase the number of Si particles. With the increase of CeO2 content from 0 to 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites increases gradually, and the average particle size of Si particles decreases gradually. When the CeO2 content is 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites reaches the maximum, and the average particle size reaches the minimum. However, with the increase of CeO2 content from 0.6 wt% to 1.8 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites began to decrease, and the average size of Si particles gradually increased. CeO2 can be used as heterogeneous nucleation substrate of precipitated Si, and the nucleation rate of precipitated Si on a CeO2 substrate is higher than that on an aluminum substrate. The proper addition of CeO2 can improve the nucleation efficiency of precipitated Si, thus increasing the amount and refining the size of precipitated Si.

Field of study: Materials science
Optimizing random walk search algorithms in P2P networks

In this paper we develop a model for random walk-based search mechanisms in unstructured P2P networks. This model is used to obtain analytical expressions for the performance metrics of random walk search in terms of the popularity of the resource being searched for and the random walk parameters. We propose an equation-based adaptive search mechanism that uses an estimate of the popularity of a resource in order to choose the parameters of random walk such that a targeted performance level is achieved by the search. We also propose a low-overhead method for maintaining an estimate of popularity that utilizes feedback (or lack there-off) obtained from previous searches. Simulation results show that the performance of the equation-based adaptive search is significantly better than the non-adaptive random walk and other straight-forward adaptive mechanisms.

Field of study: Computer science
Dynamic distribution of epidermal growth factor during mouse embryo peri-implantation.

Embryo implantation depends on the synchronized development of the blastocyst and the endometrium. This process is highly controlled by the coordinated action of the steroid hormones: estrogen and progesterone. By autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine routes, some growth factors or cytokines are involved in this steroidal regulation pathway. Here we report the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on embryo implantation in the mouse, the expression and distribution patterns of EGF protein in the mouse blastocyst, ectoplacental cone (EPC) and peri-implantation uterus on days 1-8 of gestation. By RT-PCR and dot blot, we found that EGF and its receptor (EGFR) are co-expressed in the blastocyst and peri-implantational uteri of pregnant days 2-8 (D2-D8) mice. Injection of EGF antibody into a uterine horn on the third day of pregnancy (D3) significantly reduced the number of mouse embryos that implanted on D8, indicating EGF have a function in the mouse embryo implantation.Further investigation by using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscope was made to trace EGF and EGFR protein localization during the mouse embryo implantation. EGF and EGFR are co-localized in the blastocyst, and in the secondary trophoblastic giant cells (SGC) of the EPC. At the pre-implantation stage, the distribution of EGF protein in the mouse uterus changes from epithelium to stroma. On D1 of pregnancy, EGF is mainly distributed in uterine stroma and myometrium. On D2, it is present in the uterine epithelium. On D3, it changes again from the uterine epithelium to the stroma. By D4, EGF is predominantly in the stroma. This dynamic distribution correlates with the proliferation activity of uterine cells at each period. On D6-D8 of embryo implantation, EGF 3 protein accumulates at the uterine mesometrial pole, a region that contributes to the trophoblastic invasiveness and placentation. This temporal and spatial localization of EGF protein in the mouse uterus implicates the cytokine in the regulation of trophoblastic invasiveness and uterine receptiveness.

Field of study: Medicine
Enzymatic formation of gold nanoparticles by submerged culture of the basidiomycete Lentinus edodes.

We report for the first time that the medicinal basidiomycete Lentinus edodes can reduce Au(III) from chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to elemental Au [Au(0)], forming nanoparticles. Several methods, including transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering, were used to show that when the fungus was grown submerged, colloidal gold accumulated on the surface of and inside the mycelial hyphae as electron-dense particles mostly spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from 5 to 50nm. Homogeneous proteins (the fungal enzymes laccase, tyrosinase, and Mn-peroxidase) were found for the first time to be involved in the reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) from HAuCl4. A possible mechanism forming Au nanoparticles is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Nuclear modification factors of pion and light nuclei in a framework of thermal model

The particle yields and the nuclear modification factor ($R_{cp}$) for $\pi^\pm$, $p(\bar p)$, $d(\bar d)$, $t(\bar t)$ and $^3He(\bar{^3He})$ are studied in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV/c based on the blast-wave model and nucleonic coalescence model. The influences of resonance decay on $p(\bar p)$ and $\pi$ yields, $p/\pi$-ratio and nuclear modification factors have been discussed. An apparent number-of-constituent-quark scaling of $R_{cp}$ for $p(\bar p)$ and $\pi$ is presented. Similarly, the number-of-nucleon scaling of $R_{cp}$ for $p(\bar p)$, $d(\bar d)$, $t(\bar t)$ and $^3He(\bar{^3He})$ is also addressed.

Field of study: Physics
Early Developments in the Theory of the Saturated Adiabatic Process

A study of the history of the early developments in the theory of the saturated adiabatic process reveals that the first quantitative formulation of both the dry- and the saturated-adiabatic cooling rates were given by the British physicist, William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), in a paper read in 1862, although the first published analysis was presented in 1864 by a Swiss meteorologist, Reye. Reye's paper presents both the differential form and the exact integrated form of the reversible saturated adiabatic relationship, which thus attained its modern form at the moment of its first appearance. Reye also gave a very clear, though brief, discussion of the concepts of atmospheric stability of both dry and saturated layers. The papers of Hann (1874) and Hertz (1884), frequently misquoted as the original treatments of the saturated adiabatic theory, are thus shown to be secondary papers in the actual history of this important theory.

Field of study: Environmental science
Regression Models for Identifying Noise Sources in Magnetic Resonance Images

Stochastic noise, susceptibility artifacts, magnetic field and radiofrequency inhomogeneities, and other noise components in magnetic resonance images (MRIs) can introduce serious bias into any measurements made with those images. We formally introduce three regression models including a Rician regression model and two associated normal models to characterize stochastic noise in various magnetic resonance imaging modalities, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and functional MRI (fMRI). Estimation algorithms are introduced to maximize the likelihood function of the three regression models. We also develop a diagnostic procedure for systematically exploring MR images to identify noise components other than simple stochastic noise, and to detect discrepancies between the fitted regression models and MRI data. The diagnostic procedure includes goodness-of-fit statistics, measures of influence, and tools for graphical display. The goodness-of-fit statistics can assess the key assumptions of the three regression models, whereas measures of influence can isolate outliers caused by certain noise components, including motion artifacts. The tools for graphical display permit graphical visualization of the values for the goodness-of-fit statistic and influence measures. Finally, we conduct simulation studies to evaluate performance of these methods, and we analyze a real dataset to illustrate how our diagnostic procedure localizes subtle image artifacts by detecting intravoxel variability that is not captured by the regression models.

Field of study: Mathematics