nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of preceding stimulation patterns of muscle relaxant on potency measurement vecuronium

To observe the effects of preceding stimulation patterns of muscle relaxant on potency measurement of vecuronium.  Thirty female patients were investigated in this study. Both arms of patients were stimulated using. One of paired arms (Control-Arm) was received 20 min of TOF stimulation with a 5 s, 50 Hz tetanus stimulation before AUTO I calibration . Values of T1 were recorded per minute. T1 at 20 min was compared with previous T1 using a paired student t test. The contralateral arms (Test-Arm) were divided into 3 groups, receiving 20 min (Group1), 1 min ( Group2) and 6min( Group3) of TOF stimulation without tetanus stimulation before calibration, respectively. T1 of Group1 were recorded per minute. T1 at 20 min was compared with previous T1 using a paired student t test. Then potency of vecuronium was estimated on both arms using cumulative dose-response technique.  With tetanus stimulation, values of T1 keep constant during 20 min of TOF stimulation. Without tetanus stimulation, values of T1 slowly increased during first 6 min, then keep constant. ED50, ED90 and ED95 weren't significantly different between paired arms in Group1 and Group3. However, in Group2, ED50, ED90 and ED95 were underestimated at Test-Arm.  With tetanus stimulation, T1 immediately reach plateaus after AUTO I calibration., However, without tetanus stimulation, T1 reach plateaus after 6 min of TOF stimulation. Potency of vecuronium isn’t affected by preceding stimulation patterns after T1 reaches plateaus.

Field of study: Medicine
A novel monoclonal antibody specific to mouse IL-17.

IL-17 is secreted by T helper (Th) 17 cells, and might play important roles in host defense against extracellular bacterial infection and fungal infection and contribute to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Here we have, for the first time, generated the monoclonal antibody against the rat IL-17 protein, which is secreted by T helper (Th) 17 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting were used to screen the hybridomas. As a result, one MAb named Y11 (IgG1) was characterized, which was effective in detecting the recombinant and the cellular protein. Then the MAb was used to detect the expression of IL-17 in rat intestine graft tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, Y11 could be considered a useful tool for studies of IL-17 expression and function.

Field of study: Biology
SU-FF-T-171: Arc Therapy Comparison of TomoTherapy, RapidArc and Dynamic Conformal Arc

IMRT and Dynamic Arc Therapy techniques conform the dose to the GTV with varying degrees of normal tissue sparing. Four dose delivery methods (TomoTherapy, RapidArc, Dynamic Conformal Arc and fixed field IMRT) are compared for dose delivery to the tumor and dose sparing of Organs At Risk. A modest cost comparison is also performed to offer a complete healthcare perspective. Treatment sites are chosen to clearly demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the dose delivery methods. Dose delivery comparisons are performed for esophageal cancer, base of tongue cancer, cranial metastases, and lymph node irradiation. The dose distributions were measured with film densitometry and calculated with adaptive convolution superposition algorithm in TomoTherapy, the pencil beam algorithm in the BrainSCAN system (v. 5.31) and the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) implemented in Varian's Eclipse (v. 7.3.10) treatment planning system (TPS). Each site/modality is subject to identical dose constraints.  Each treatment modality has limitations based on the intensity modulation method, collimator design and field size. TomoTherapy HI‐ART v3 delivers a broad penumbra inferior and superior to the PTV due to the fixed slit width. This necessitates dose delivery to more normal tissue than the competing techniques. For the esophageal lesion with longitudinal symmetry, the dose to normal tissue is less than RapidArc and Tomotherapy.  One can find treatment sites that are best treated with any of the four treatment modalities. In general, TomoTherapy conforms the dose to target more rigorously than RapidArc, Dynamic Conformal Arc or fixed field IMRT.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Copy number variants detection by microarray and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in congenital heart diseases.

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects among life births, which could be presented as isolated or syndromic with other congenital malformations. The etiology of CHD largely unknown, genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease. Recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have been reported in the pathogenesis of CHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and microarray analyses on isolated and syndromic CHD cases and to explore the relationship between identified CNVs and CHD. Eighteen prenatal samples, 16 isolated and 33 syndromic patients with mild to severe CHD phenotype were tested. Prenatal and isolated CHD cases did not show pathogenic CNVs. Clinically significant CNVs were detected in 7/33 (21%) syndromic CHD patients: del 22q11.2 (n = 2), 8p23.1 duplication (n = 2), deletion 5p (n = 1), deletion 6q21q22 (n = 1), unbalanced translocation causing partial deletion of 4q34.3 and duplication of 6q25.1 (n = 1). These genomic imbalances contain genes that has been associated with human CHD before. The present study demonstrates that using microarray and MLPA analysis increase the detection rate of causal CNVs in individuals with syndromic CHD.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Shear Testing of the Interfacial Friction Between an HDPE Geomembrane and Solid Waste

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane is often used as an anti-seepage material in domestic and industrial solid waste landfills. To study the interfacial shear strength between the HDPE anti-seepage geomembrane and various solid wastes, we performed direct shear tests on the contact interface between nine types of industrial solid waste or soil (desulfurization gypsum, fly ash, red mud, mercury slag, lead-zinc slag, manganese slag, silica fume, clay and sand) and a geomembrane with a smooth or rough surface in Guizhou Province, China. Friction strength parameters like the interfacial friction angle and the apparent cohesion between the HDPE geomembrane and various solid wastes were measured to analyze the shear strength of the interface between a geomembrane with either a smooth or a rough surface and various solid wastes. The interfacial shear stress between the HDPE geomembrane and the industrial solid waste increased with shear displacement and the slope of the stress-displacement curve decreased gradually. When shear displacement increased to a certain range, the shear stress at the interface remained unchanged. The interfacial shear strength between the geomembrane with a rough surface and the solid waste was higher than for the geomembrane with a smooth surface. Consequentially, the interfacial friction angle for the geomembrane with a rough surface was larger. The geomembrane with a rough surface had a better shear resistance and the shear characteristics fully developed when it was in full contact with the solid waste.

Field of study: Materials science
Study on preparation and performance of Zr-pillared

The Zr-pillared is synthesized by modifying the material performance, and the adsorption capability of Zr-pillared for COD simulation organic wastewater is researched. The results show that the cross-linking agent is prepared from 0.20 mol/L of ZrOCl_(2) 8H_(2)O solution which reflux for 12h under 85 ℃, then added it into the suspension of rectorite (m%=6%) and stirred for another 2.5 h under 65 ℃. The surface area BET of resultant material is 9.250 m~(2)/g.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Solutions of the Helmholtz equation for a class of non-separable cylindrical and rotational coordinate systems

In cylindrical and rotational coordinate systems, one of the variables can be separated out of the Helmholtz equation, leaving a second order partial differential equation in two variables. For a class of the coordinate systems, this equation is reducible to a recurrence set of ordinary differential equations in one variable, which are solvable by ordinary methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Processing of Brazil-nut flour: characterization, thermal and morphological analysis

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsea H. B. K.) is noteworthy for its high content of lipids and proteins of elevated biological value and these factors justify the need for further research and incentives for the manufacturing of new trade products. In the present study we sought new forms of technological use of these nuts by the food industry, through their processing as flour, with no alteration in its energy content. The results after its elaboration showed a product with high energy value (431.48 kcal.100 g-1), protein content of 45.92 g.100 g-1, and fiber of 17.14%. The thermal analyses indicate that the introduction of another protein component, such as soy protein isolate, does not alter the reactions or thermal behavior. On the other hand, morphological analyses revealed granular structures similar to the structure of globular proteins. It was observed that after processing to obtain the flour, the product maintains its protein-energy content, as well as its characteristics when subjected to high temperatures.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Accountability for Performance in Local Government

The nature of accountability for performance in the public sector is explored in this paper by attempting to answer three questions: (1) How important is accountability for performance? (2) Which of the stakeholders consider themselves accountable for organisational performance, including contracts? (3) Does information asymmetry between stakeholders in regard to performance information affect accountability? This paper reports on research undertaken in Victorian local government based on the responses to a questionnaire by councillors and tier one and two managers. The results of the survey indicate that there is an understanding of accountability for performance, that both managers and councillors are considered to be accountable for performance but that information asymmetry and accountability relationships are problematic.

Field of study: Political science
Fate of RDX and TNT in agronomic plants.

Phytoremediation is of great interest to remediate soil contaminated with hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The ability of 4 agronomic plants (maize, soybean, wheat and rice) to take up these explosives and their fate in plants were investigated. Plants were grown for 42 days on soil contaminated with [(14)C]RDX or [(14)C]TNT. Then, each part was analyzed for its radioactivity content and the percentage of bound and soluble residues was determined following extractions. Extracts were analyzed by radio-HPLC. More than 80% of uptaken RDX was translocated to aerial tissues, up to 64.5 mgg(-1) of RDX. By contrast, TNT was little translocated to leaves since less than 25% of uptaken TNT was accumulated in aerial parts. Concentrations of TNT residues were 20 times lower than for RDX uptake. TNT was highly metabolized to bound residues (more than 50% of radioactivity) whereas RDX was mainly found in its parent form in aerial parts.

Field of study: Environmental science
Decay of 6p3 2D03/2 metastable levels of bismuth atoms in the interpulse period in a bismuth vapor laser

The method of resonant absorption due to the lasing transition was used to investigate the decay of the 6p3 2D03/2 lower active level of the bismuth atom in the afterglow of a pulsed discharge in bismuth vapor containing a buffer gas. It was found that 10−5 sec after the discharge pulse, the decay of the population of the 6p3 2D03/2 level is described by an exponential dependence with the time constant 2×10−5sec.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Accountability vs. autonomy: relationship between public higher educationand the government in the U.S.A

In the public higher education system of the U.S.A, contradictions between the state government's requirements for efficiency and accountability of higher education and needs of institutions higher education for academic freedom and school autonomy put them into tense relation. To balance the relationship between autonomy and accountability from the government of higher education institutions, it requires both sides obey certain principles and establish companionship of mutual cooperation.

Field of study: Education
A Hybrid FARA/CSMA-CD Protocol for Voice-Data Integration

A new hybrid packet switching protocol for voice-data integration is proposed and analysed. The protocol adapts to the changing traffic conditions of both voice and data. Network control is distributed over all nodes, thus eliminating the need for central switching or multiplexing. Voice users follow a modified version of FARA, whereas CSMA-CD is adopted by data users for their channel access policy. The analysis is based on the solution of a 2-state Markovian chain, after which the voice blocking probability, data packets delay and network throughputs are determined.

Field of study: Computer science
Construction and Preliminary Validation of the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale

In the study of mental health and migration, an increasing number of researchers have shifted the focus away from the concept of acculturation towards the stress present in the migratory experience. The bulk of research on acculturative stress has been carried out in the United States, and thus the definition and measurement of the construct has been predicated on that cultural and demographic context, which is of dubious applicability in Europe in general, and Spain in particular. Further, some scales have focused on international students, which down-played the importance of the migratory process, because it deals with a special subset of people who are not formally immigrating. The Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale was developed to measure acculturative stress appropriate to immigrants in Spain, using expert and focus group review and has 42 items. The scale shows acceptable internal validity, and, consistent with other scales, suggests that immigration stress is a complex construct.

Field of study: Psychology
Fine-structural variance of family 3 carbohydrate-binding modules as extracellular biomass-sensing components of Clostridium thermocellum anti-σI factors.

The anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulosome-producing bacterium Clostridium thermocellum relies on a variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in order to efficiently break down complex carbohydrates into utilizable simple sugars. The regulation mechanism of the cellulosomal genes was unknown until recently, when genomic analysis revealed a set of putative operons in C. thermocellum that encode σI factors (i.e. alternative σ factors that control specialized regulon activation) and their cognate anti-σI factor (RsgI). These putative anti-σI-factor proteins have modules that are believed to be carbohydrate sensors. Three of these modules were crystallized and their three-dimensional structures were solved. The structures show a high overall degree of sequence and structural similarity to the cellulosomal family 3 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM3s). The structures of the three carbohydrate sensors (RsgI-CBM3s) and a reference CBM3 are compared in the context of the structural determinants for the specificity of cellulose and complex carbohydrate binding. Fine structural variations among the RsgI-CBM3s appear to result in alternative substrate preferences for each of the sensors.

Field of study: Chemistry
MO‐FF‐A1‐02: Calibration of a Novel 4D Diode Array for IMRT and VMAT QA

To develop calibration procedures for a novel 4D diode array for IMRT as well as arc therapy quality assurance (QA).  A novel 4D diode array (ArcCHECK) was designed for rotational therapy QA. Its cylindrical and isotropic design presents a consistent detectorimage in beam's eye view for all gantry angles. Signals were acquired every 50 ms, allowing for real‐time per‐beam QA as well as measuring composite dose distributions. An efficient calibration procedure was developed to obtain diode sensitivity and directional response dependence with one full gantry rotation. In this process, each diode was in turn irradiated under the same beam condition on beam central axis. The directional response was obtained using TPS‐calculated beam profiles, which were validated in rectangular geometry. A real time algorithm to derive beam angle based on beam edge back projections was developed to apply the corresponding directional response factors. Its clinical application for IMRT QA was demonstrated with 17 IMRT head and neck beams delivered with planned beam angles. Measured dose distribution was compared to TPS calculation in three dimensions with %diff and distance‐to‐agreement analysis. Its feasibility for VMAT QA was investigated with a prostate conformal arc plan.  For the IMRT beams, average passing rate was 94.3%±2.1% and 99.6%±0.8% with 1%/2mm and 1%/3mm, respectively. For the conformal arc plan, the passing rate was 97.7% with 1%/2mm and 100% with 1%/3mm.  An efficient calibration procedure was developed to obtain both the diode sensitivity and directional response dependence. Real‐time gantry angles were derived accurately based on beam edge back projections, which were used to apply directional response factors. Excellent agreement with TPS calculation was achieved for both IMRT and VMAT plans. ArcCHECK is an efficient and valuable tool for both IMRT and VMAT QA. Research sponsored by Sun Nuclear Corporation.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Basis set reduction in Hilbert space.

We present Hilbert-space basis set reduction as a novel approach to reduce the computational effort of accurate correlation calculations for large basis sets. We motivate the method by an examination of the perturbative corrections in scaling theory and present a criterion for the choice of the internal basis. The method is illustrated with two calculations for the ground state of carbon and the energy curve of the beryllium dimer. In either case the errors introduced are less than 1% of the correlation energy. The method scales as the second power of the number of the basis functions and can exploit the benefits of massive parallelization

Field of study: Physics
Genotyping of LipL41 genes from Leptospira interrogans serogroups and immunological identification of the expression products

目的 确定我国15群15株问号钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)参考标准株和2群2株双曲钩体国际标准株携带LipL41基因情况,构建该基因的原核表达系统,鉴定表达产物的免疫原性. 方法常规酚-氯仿法提取上述17株钩体基因组DNA,高保真PCR扩增全长LipL41基因片段,T-A克隆后测序分型.构建LipL41基因原核表达系统,SDS-PAGE检测重组目的蛋白(rLipL41)表达情况.分别用钩体属特异性TR/patocⅠ抗原、rLipL41兔抗血清的Western blot鉴定其免疫反应性和抗原性.分别用显微镜凝集试验(MAT)、钩体黏附J774A.1细胞模型检测兔抗rLipL41血清的交叉凝集效价和黏附阻断作用. 结果 15株问号钩体均有LipL41基因,并可分为LipL41/1和LipL41/2两种基因型,2株双曲钩体则否.11个LipL41/1基因和4个LipL41/2基因克隆之间的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为88.61%～88.67%和93.24%～97.18%.所构建的原核表达系统rLipL41/1和rLipL41/2的表达量分别占钩体总蛋白的30%和40%.rLipL41/1和rLipL41/2均能与TR/patocⅠ抗血清发生结合反应,

Field of study: Biology
Application of modified breadfruit (Artocarpus altillis) starch by Octenyl Succinic Anhydride (OSA) to stabilize fish and microalgae oil emulsions

This research was aimed to examine the ability of breadfruit OSA starch (BOSA) to stabilize fish and microalgae oil emulsions. Fifteen percent of BOSA or pre-heated BOSA (7.5%) and maltodextrin (7.5%), or mixture of unheated BOSA (7.5%) and maltodextrin (7.5%) were used to stabilize 10% fish and microalgae oils. Characterization of native starch and BOSA included measurement of moisture, starch and amylose content, degree of substitution (DS), emulsification capacity, starch microstructure and thermal properties. The emulsion stability was monitored by emulsification index (EI), mean droplet size (D32), microstructure using photomicroscope and Peroxide Value (PV). Modification of starch (DS, 0.0243) caused decreasing in starch and amylose content to 75.34% and 27.62%, respectively. Starch thermal properties also decreased the onset temperature to 71.23°C (BOSA). Emulsions prepared with pre-heated mixture of BOSA and maltodextrin both in fish and microalgae oils have the smallest droplet size (D32 4.45 ± 0.09 μm and 3.54 ± 0.22 μm, respectively). Microalgae oil emulsions showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in stability towards oxidation compared to fish oil emulsions (PV, 4.65 ± 0.64 meq/kg oil). This research reveals that breadfruit OSA starch is highly recommended as a potential emulsifier to stabilize emulsion of essential oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
microRNA-29a-3p, Up-Regulated in Human Gastric Cells and Tissues with H.Pylori Infection, Promotes the Migration of GES-1 Cells via A20-Mediated EMT Pathway

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely related to human gastric mucosa-associated diseases. Several recent studies on miRNAs have expanded our insights on H.pylori pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-29a-3p in human gastric cells and tissues with H.pylori infection.  miR-29a-3p expression was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). A miR-29a-3p target gene was validated by bioinformatics analysis, western blotting and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay were performed to detect the protein expression. Transwell assay was used to determine the cell migration ability.  MiR-29a-3p was up-regulated in H.pylori-positive gastric mucosa tissues and H.pylori-infected gastric cells. The up-regulation of miR-29a-3p was dose-dependent in BGC-823 and GES-1 cells infected with H.pylori. Using gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro, we demonstrated that miR-29a-3p promoted the migration of gastric epithelial cells. We further characterized A20 as a direct target of miR-29a-3p. The expression of A20 was decreased in H.pylori-positive gastric mucosa tissues compared with H.pylori-negative gastric mucosa tissues. A20 downregulation was time- and dose-dependent in GES-1 and BGC-823 cells infected with H.pylori. In GES-1 and BGC-823 cells infected with H.pylori, the miR-29a-3p mimic significantly blocked A20 expression, which suggests that H.pylori decreased A20 expression through up-regulating miR-29a-3p in GES-1 and BGC-823 cells infected with H.pylori. The knockdown of A20 by siRNA enhanced the migration of human gastric epithelial cells and promoted the expression of Snail, Vimentin, and N-cadherin and inhibited the expression of E-cadherin.  The miR-29a-3p may act as a tumor promotive miRNA by regulating cells migration through directly targeting of A20 gene in human gastric epithelial cells infected with H.pylori.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry