nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of phytase and tannase on in vivo nutruitive utilisation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flour.

Faba bean is a legume used as a food source by humans and animals. However, it presents antinutritional factors such as tannins and phytic acid, compounds that form complexes with proteins and minerals, respectively, decreasing faba bean’s digestive value. Faba bean was treated with tannase and phytase, the effect of this treatment was measured in a study with rats, a group received a diet with raw faba bean and the other one a diet with treated faba bean. The enzymatic treatment was effective in reducing tannins and promoting the increase of inorganic phosphorus. The biological assay showed that the enzymatically treated faba bean was better than raw faba bean in the apparent digestibility of phosphorus, in the level of glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The enzymatic treatment of faba bean could improve the nutritional value of this legume while also decreasing environmental pollution.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Effect of Porosity on Thermal Performance of Mo-Cu Composite

Four kinds of Mo/Cu alloys with different porosity were fabricated by adding different organic compounds and combining solid-phase sintering,and their thermal conductivity(λ) and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) were measured.The results show that the porosity in Mo-Cu composite has a great effect on λ value of the composite.The λ value of the composite declines acutely when the porosity of Mo-Cu composite increases.In some extension,the CTE value increases with the porosity reducing.On the other hand,the CTE value becomes degressive when porosity beyond some extension.The effect mechanism of porosity on theoretical λ value of the composite were discussed.

Field of study: Materials science
Publication guidelines for structural modelling of small-angle scattering data from biomolecules in solution.

Small-angle scattering is becoming a mainstream technique for structural molecular biology. As such, it is important to establish guidelines for publication that will ensure that there is adequate reporting of the data and its treatment so that reviewers and readers can independently assess the quality of the data and the basis for any interpretations presented. This article presents a set of preliminary guidelines that emerged after consultation with the IUCr Commission on Small-Angle Scattering and other experts in the field and discusses the rationale for their application. At the 2011 Congress of the IUCr in Madrid, the Commission on Journals agreed to adopt these preliminary guidelines for the presentation of biomolecular structures from small-angle scattering data in IUCr publications. Here, these guidelines are outlined and the reasons for standardizing the way in which small-angle scattering data are presented.

Field of study: Chemistry
Evaluating changes of biomass in global vegetation models: the role of turnover fluctuations and ENSO events

This paper evaluates the ability of eight global vegetation models to reproduce recent trends and inter-annual variability of biomass in natural terrestrial ecosystems. For the purpose of this evaluation, the simulated trajectories of biomass are expressed in terms of the relative rate of change in biomass (RRB), defined as the deviation of the actual rate of biomass turnover from its equilibrium counterpart. Cumulative changes in RRB explain long-term changes in biomass pools. RRB simulated by the global vegetation models is compared with its observational equivalent, derived from vegetation optical depth reconstructions of above-ground biomass (AGB) over the period 1993–2010. According to the RRB analysis, the rate of global biomass growth described by the ensemble of simulations substantially exceeds the observation. The observed fluctuations of global RRB are significantly correlated with El Niño Southern Oscillation events (ENSO), but only some of the simulations reproduce this correlation. However, the ENSO sensitivity of RRB in the tropics is not significant in the observation, while it is in some of the simulations. This mismatch points to an important limitation of the observed AGB reconstruction to capture biomass variations in tropical forests. Important discrepancies in RRB were also identified at the regional scale, in the tropical forests of Amazonia and Central Africa, as well as in the boreal forests of north-western America, western and central Siberia. In each of these regions, the RRBs derived from the simulations were analyzed in connection with underlying differences in net primary productivity and biomass turnover rate —as a basis for exploring in how far differences in simulated changes in biomass are attributed to the response of the carbon uptake to CO2 increments, as well as to the model representation of factors affecting the rates of mortality and turnover of foliage and roots. Overall, our findings stress the usefulness of using RRB to evaluate complex vegetation models and highlight the importance of conducting further evaluations of both the actual rate of biomass turnover and its equilibrium counterpart, with special focus on their background values and sources of variation. In turn, this task would require the availability of more accurate multi-year observational data of biomass and net primary productivity for natural ecosystems, as well as detailed and updated information on land-cover classification.  (2018) 075002

Field of study: Environmental science
Special Education Teachers in Jordan: Trends and Issues

Although special education profession is not new in Jordan, the current research do not reveal many important demographic information about professionals working in the field, which is the goal of this study. 119 worked in the special education field were surveyed from all over Jordan. Results present many important demographic information. Moreover, results indicated high and relatively high levels of satisfaction with services provided for children with disabilities and job conditions. Additionally, professionals indicated source of support and frustration in their practice, which might affect retention and attrition rates in the field. Participants provided their future vision on career. Results were discussed and recommendations were made for educational authorities and professionals.  special education career, recruitment, retention, attrition, Jordan.

Field of study: Education
Spanish Marxism versus Soviet communism : a history of the P.O.U.M.

"Spanish Marxism Versus Soviet Communism" is the first historical study of the P.O.U.M. to appear in English. Drawing from his multi-volume work on the subject, which was published in Spanish and Catalan, Victor Alba has collaborated with Stephen Schwartz to produce a condensed and amplified study that is far more than a translation. Outside Spain, the political movement known as the Workers Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxist or P.O.U.M.) is chiefly known as the revolutionary group with which George Orwell fought during the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s. The events in which the P.O.U.M. found itself at the center of conflict between Iberian revolutionaries and Soviet interests remain a controversial topic for historians and other writers. This book presents a detailed picture of the organization and its main antecedent, the Workers' and Peasants' Bloc, in the context of a stimulating working class political culture. Those interested in Catalan history as well as historians of Western European Marxism and the Spanish Civil War will find this book useful. It will also be of interest to those concerned with Orwell and his experience in Spain. A fitting tribute to the P.O.U.M.'s great struggle against Stalinism, "Spanish Marxism Versus Soviet Communism" will surely stand out among the array of books that have been published on the Spanish Civil War period as a definitive study.

Field of study: History
Microstructure of In-situ Reaction TiB_2/Zn-30Al-1Cu Composite By Spray Forming Process

An innovative spray deposition technique was applied to produce in-situ TiB2/Zn-30Al-1Cu composite.The microstructure of the composite was studied by using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Both theoretical and experimental results have shown that TiB2particulates appear in the microstructure.The results show that TiB2particles distribute in Zn-30Al-1Cu matrix uniformly,and the TiB2particles are about 2 μm in size.Moreover,the presence of TiB2particles can lead to the refinement of the microstructure of matrix,and the increase of α'phase with less 2 μm size in the composite.

Field of study: Materials science
Research on Risk of Supply Chain Finance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on Fuzzy Ordinal Regression Support Vector Machine

This article explained the financial innovation service product - fundamental mode of supply chain finance, and explored the risk of supply chain finance. Fuzzy ordinal regression support vector machine is used to analysis the risk of supply chain finance by the index system of risk assessment, and the results were effective and could be improved in the future.

Field of study: Business
Reinforcing properties of ejaculation in the male rat: Role of opioids and dopamine.

Ejaculation-induced reward in the male rat was evaluated by the conditioned place-preference paradigm. It was supposed that ejaculation induces a reward state such that it can be conditioned to environmental stimuli. Males were allowed to ejaculate once and were then immediately transferred to a place-preference cage. One ejaculation produced place preference. Naloxone (16 mg/kg) not only blocked this place preference but also induced a place aversion. Naloxone by itself had no effect on place preference. It is suggested that release of endogenous opioids renders ejaculation rewarding. Pimozide, in a dose of 1 mg/kg, had no effect on ejaculation-induced reward. Dopamine thus seems to be of slight importance for that effect of copulation. Perhaps compulsive sexual activity obeys the same mechanisms as compulsive drug use in opiate addicts.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
A Qualitative Study of Motivating Factors for Pharmacy Student Leadership

To understand what motivates student pharmacists to seek a leadership position while in the professional pharmacy program and why these students choose to lead in a particular organization.  A qualitative study was used to answer the research questions. Current student leaders were recruited to participate, and each completed a pre-interview questionnaire and a one-hour interview. All interviews were transcribed, and an interpretive phenomenological approach was used to describe, code, and analyze the experiences.  Student leaders were motivated to serve in a leadership position for four reasons: networking opportunities, belief in an organization’s mission, ability to affect change, and legacy. Additionally, prior leadership experience and influence played major roles in these student leaders’ pursuit of a position.  Networking, belief in an organization’s mission, ability to affect change, and legacy are the four primary motivating factors for student leadership while in the professional pharmacy program. Knowing these factors should help direct resources in organizational and college efforts to produce qualified and impactful pharmacist leaders.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Boundary effects on flux penetration in disordered superconductors

We investigate flux penetration in a disordered type-II superconductor by molecular dynamics simulations of interacting vortices. We focus on the effect of different boundary conditions on the scaling laws for flux front propagation. The numerical results can be interpreted using a coarse-grained description of the system in terms of a nonlinear diffusion equation. We propose a phenomenological equation for the front position that captures the essential behavior of the system and recovers the scaling exponents.

Field of study: Physics
What’s the Big Idea? A Critical Exploration of the Concept of Social Capital and its Incorporation into Leisure Policy Discourse

Starting from the overwhelming welcome that Putnam’s (2000) treatise on social capital has received in government circles, we consider its relative merits for examining and understanding the role for leisure in policy strategies. To perform this critique we identify some of the key points from Putnam’s work and also illustrate how it has been incorporated into a body of leisure studies literature. This is then extended to a discussion of the methodological and theoretical underpinnings of his approach and its link to civic communitarianism. We suggest that the seduction of the ‘niceness’ of Putnam’s formulation of social capital not only misses the point of the grimness of some people’s lives but it also pays little attention to Bourdieu’s point that poorer community groups tend to be at the mercy of forces over which they have little control. We argue that if the poor have become a silent emblem of the ways in which the state has more and more individualised its relationship with its citizens, it is they who also tend to be blamed for their own poverty because it is presumed that they lack social capital. This in turn encourages ‘us’ to determine what is appropriate for ‘them’. As a critical response to this situation, we propose that Bourdieu’s take on different forms of ‘capital’ offers more productive lines for analysis. From there we go on to suggest that it might be profitable to combine Bourdieu’s sociology with Sennett’s recent interpretation of ‘respect’ to formulate a central interpretive role for community leisure practitioners – recast as cultural intermediaries – if poorer community groups are to be better included.

Field of study: Sociology
Research on Sniffer Technology and Its Application in Unified Login

Hook is a Windows message handling mechanism, hook can effectively intercept the internal message transferred by system. Before the message reaches the functional processing of the target window, hook has already dealt with it, and implements the control and monitoring of the application. Describes Windows message, hook and code injection with regard to sniffer technology, gives a solution of implementing unified login by using sniffer technology.

Field of study: Computer science
QUATERNIZATION OF ELECTRON-DEFICIENT PYRIDINES CONTAINING TWO ELECTRON-WITHDRAWING SUBSTITUENTS

Methyl triflate is an efficient agent for the quaternization of nitropyridines containing an additional electron-withdrawing substituent. When triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate is used as the quaternizing agent, b -elimination occurs with formation of protic pyridinium salt and ethylene.  O. D. Mit'kin and M. A. Yurovskaya. English Translation in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , 2000, 36 (1), pp 47-48 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02256843

Field of study: Chemistry
Ten Years after the Warnock Report: Is the Human Neo-Conceptus a Person?

The 1984 Warnock Report, produced by the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology, set up by the British Government, has been a trendsetter in the matter of legislation regulating embryo research. The 14-day limit on embryo research recommended by the Committee has been adopted not only in Great Britain but in a number of countries in Europe. Yet, the Committee openly declared that this time limit was an arbitrary compromise adopted "in order to allay public anxiety" (WR, 65) and allow scientists as much time for research on the human embryo as publicly acceptable. Admitting that embryonic life begins at fertilisation the Committee wrote:

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Peer impressions in open source organizations: A survey

In virtual organizations, such as Open Source Software (OSS) communities, we expect that the impressions members have about each other play an important role in fostering effective collaboration. However, there is little empirical evidence about how peer impressions form and change in virtual organizations. This paper reports the results from a survey designed to understand the peer impression formation process among OSS participants in terms of perceived expertise, trustworthiness, productivity, experiences collaborating, and other factors that make collaboration easy or difficult. While the majority of survey respondents reported positive experiences, a non-trivial fraction had negative experiences. In particular, volunteer participants were more likely to report negative experiences than participants who were paid. The results showed that factors related to a person's project contribution (e.g., quality and understandability of committed codes, important design related decisions, and critical fixes made) were more important than factors related to work style or personal traits. Although OSS participants are very task focused, the respondents believed that meeting their peers in person is beneficial for forming peer impressions. Having an appropriate impression of one's OSS peers is crucial, but the impression formation process is complicated and different from the process in traditional organizations.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
أثر بعض التدريبات البدنية، في تطوير إنجاز الألعاب العشرية ، لطلاب المرحلة الرابعة

جاءت أهمية البحث من خلال استخدام التدريبات البدنية الخاصة، والتي تتفق مع طبيعة الفعالية وظروفها، لتحقق التطور في مستوى اللياقة البدنية، وأداء المهارة لفعالية العشري. أما المشكلة، فتكمن في الحاجة إلى تطوير بعض الصفات البدنية الخاصة للطلاب بصورة عامة، فضلا عن تلك الصفات الخاصة بفعالية العشري، لتحقق مستوى أفضل في أداء المهارة، في أثناء مرحلة الدراسة. وكان الهدف من الدراسة: • وضع منهاج تدريبي للتدريبات البدنية. • معرفة مستوى الأداء البدني، والمهارة لدى عينة البحث. • أثر التدريبات البدنية في مستوى الأداء البدني، والمهارة، والإنجاز. وعن أهم الفروض، فكانت: • الاختبارات القبلية، والبعدية، في تطوير مستوى الصفات البدنية، والمهارة لدى أفراد عينة البحث. الإجراءات الميدانية: تم تطبيق هذه الدراسة على عينة من (البنين) من طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية، في جامعة بغداد، في الجادرية، المرحلة الرابعة للعام الدراسي 2013-2014، و اختيرت شعبة (ط)، وقد تم إجراء الاختبارات القبلية، والبعدية، وكانت مدة البرنامج (8) أسابيع، وبواقع وحدتين في الأسبوع، وقد ظهر من خلال تحليل نتائج هذه الدراسة، أن للتدريبات الأثر الفاعل في تقدم مستوى الأداء البدني، والمهارة لفعالية العشري لدى الطلاب. وأوصى الباحثان: بإدخال التدريبات البدنية الخاصة، في المناهج التدريبية لفعالية العشري.

Field of study: Education
A Computational Implementation of Resolving Korean Plural Pronouns

There are three third-person plural pronouns in Korean. This paper proposes that the constraint on the antecedent for each plural pronoun is different, and thus in creating the antecedent for a plural pronoun, the relevant constraint must be taken into account. This paper also shows how to implement the method of resolving Korean plural pronouns on the computer, using DCG grammar. The grammar contains information about gap threading and DRS threading. The method of summation based on constraints is used to construct the antecedent for a plural pronoun computationally.

Field of study: Linguistics
DYNAMIC PUNCHING ANALYSIS OF FLAT REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB UNDER CHEMICAL EXPLOSION LOADING

Based on the wave propagation theory of the free field in soil under the conventional weapon burst circumstances, the analysis of the punching failure mechanism of slab-column connection is performed using the structure medium interaction theory and the twin shear strength theory. The resistance model of structure and the eqution of motion for the structure are established. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Field of study: Engineering
Wobbling excitations in 156Dy and 162Yb

We study in the cranked Nilsson plus random phase approximation low-lying quadrupole excitations of positive parity and negative signature in 156Dy and 162Yb at high spins. Special attention is paid to a consistent description of wobbling excitations and their identification among excited states. A good agreement between available experimental data and the results of calculations is obtained. We found that in 156Dy the lowest odd spin gamma-vibrational states transform to the wobbling excitations after the backbending, associated with the transition from axially-symmetric to nonaxial shapes. Similar results are predicted for 162Yb. The analysis of electromagnetic transitions, related to the wobbling excitations, determines uniquely the sign of the gamma-deformation in 156Dy and 162Yb after the transition point.

Field of study: Physics
Genetics of kidney disease and related cardiometabolic phenotypes in Zuni Indians: the Zuni Kidney Project

The objective of this study is to identify genetic factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related cardiometabolic phenotypes among participants of the Genetics of Kidney Disease in Zuni Indians study. The study was conducted as a community-based participatory research project in the Zuni Indians, a small endogamous tribe in rural New Mexico. We recruited 998 members from 28 extended multigenerational families, ascertained through probands with CKD who had at least one sibling with CKD. We used the Illumina Infinium Human1M-Duo version 3.0 BeadChips to type 1.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Prevalence estimates for CKD, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension were 24%, 30%, 17% and 34%, respectively. We found a significant (p < 1.58 × 10-7) association for a SNP in a novel gene for serum creatinine (PTPLAD2). We replicated significant associations for genes with serum uric acid (SLC2A9), triglyceride levels (APOA1, BUD13, ZNF259), and total cholesterol (PVRL2). We found novel suggestive associations (p < 1.58 × 10-6) for SNPs in genes with systolic (OLFML2B), and diastolic blood pressure (NFIA). We identified a series of genes associated with CKD and related cardiometabolic phenotypes among Zuni Indians, a population with a high prevalence of kidney disease. Illuminating genetic variations that modulate the risk for these disorders may ultimately provide a basis for novel preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Field of study: Biology
Evidence for the formation of a heterotrimeric complex of leukaemia inhibitory factor with its receptor subunits in solution.

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine that is known to require at least two distinct receptor components (LIF receptor alpha-chain and gp130) in order to form a high-affinity, functional, receptor complex. Human LIF binds with unusually high affinity to a naturally occurring mouse soluble LIF receptor alpha-chain, and this property was used to purify a stable complex of human LIF and mouse LIF receptor alpha-chain from pregnant-mouse serum. Recombinant soluble human gp130 was expressed, with a FLAG(R) epitope (DYKDDDDK) at the N-terminus, in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris and purified using affinity chromatography. The formation of a trimeric complex in solution was established by native gel electrophoresis, gel-filtration chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium analysis, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and chemical cross-linking. The stoichiometry of this solution complex was 1:1:1, in contrast with that of the complex of interleukin-6, the interleukin-6-specific low-affinity receptor subunit and gp130, which is 2:2:2.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science