nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Trace Bisphenol A in Water Using Three-phase Hollow Fiber Liquid-phase Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method for the determination of trace bisphenol A (BPA) in water was developed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) as sample preparation technique. The system of three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction was designed. The optimized microextraction conditions were as follows: n -octanol was used as the extraction solvent, 0.09 M NaOH solution was used as acceptor phase, the pH value of sample solutions was 4.0, 30 g L −1 NaCl was solved in sample solutions, the stirring rate was 900 rpm and the extraction time was 60 min. The analysis of BPA was finished with injecting 20 μL acceptor phase by HPLC. Under the optimal microextraction conditions, the linear range for BPA was 0.5–200 μg L −1 ( r > 0.999), the detection limit ( S/N = 3) of BPA was 0.2 μg L −1 , the enrichment factor was 241, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 3.2%. This method was applied to the determination of the BPA in environmental water samples. The average spiked recoveries were within the range of 92.8%–101.9% ( n = 3). The developed method was simple and environmentally friendly for the determination of BPA in water.

Field of study: Chemistry
Proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and renin-angiotensin system in SHR rats.

To study the relationship between the enhanced proliferation and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) of aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC) from SHR rats.



To measure the effects of angiotensin II (Ang), captopril (Cap), saralasin (Sar) on proliferation, Ang and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels in cultured ASMC from WKY and SHR rats.



Ang was a bifunctional growth factor, which induced SHR ASMC hyperplasia in 2% FCS-RPMI 1640 medium, but not in serum free (SF)-medium. SHR ASMC had stronger proliferative ability compared with WKY while SHR ASMC RAS was activated. Enhanced proliferation of SHR ASMC and ACE activity were obviously inhibited by long-term treatment (4-wk) of both Cap and Sar, while Ang content decreased in Cap treatment group and increased in Sar treatment group. The antiproliferative effect of Cap and Sar on SHR ASMC was stronger than that on WKY. SHR, WKY ASMC RAS were not influenced by short-term (24 h) treatment of Cap.



Long-term treatment of Cap and Sar suppressed SHR ASMC growth through inhibition of Ang generation or blockade of Ang binding to its receptor.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Granitic Rocks of Southwest Japan: Trace Element Evidence Regarding Their Differentiation; 1. REE Patterns

To understand the mode of differentiation of the granitic magmas of Southwest Japan, neutron activation analyses have been made to measure the REE abundance of the granitic rocks. We employed the Rayleigh fractionation model to simulate the crystallization of the granitic melts. Since the model calculations fit the observed REE data for the granitic rocks well, it is suggested that the granitic rocks of Southwest Japan were mainly differentiated by fractional crystallization. On the basis of the model calculations, it is also suggested that the granitic rocks with a large negative Eu anomaly found near some tungsten deposits are residues of an extremely differentiated magma.

Field of study: Geology
A Tentative Exploration to the Cooperative Relationship between NPO in the Community Service Space and Government

The transformation of the government function has changed the relationship between the government and the NPO:the original partnership has been changed into the contractual relationship;originally they co-operate after establishing the refationship;Now,it is the converse.These subtle changes lay a reasonable foundation for the co-operation between the two.The article elaborates the co-operative relationship between NPO in the community service space and the government and two key related problems.Finally,it analyzes the structural reasons of the two problems.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Cardiac Complications in Cardiazol Treatment; Observations in Four Cases

The occurrence of auricular fibrillation in three patients; notes regarding onset, nature and duration of manifestations.

Electro-cardiographic diagnosis, interpretation of and comparison with organic fibrillation.

The onset of heart-block immediately following a convulsion in another patient. Discussion of subsequent course and treatment.

Comment on the significance of these complications in relation to the safety of convulsive therapies.

Observations on blood-pressure in some of the above cases.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Preparation and application of fgl2 prothrombinase peptide antibody

ObjectiveTo prepare a peptide polyclonal antibody against both murine and human fgl2 prothrombinase/fibroleukin based on the chemically synthesized peptide 3 (Pep3) and peptide 4 (Pep4) from exon 1 and 2 of the predicted amino acid sequence of mfgl2 protein separately. MethodsThe Pep3 and Pep4 were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to form a complex of Pep3-KLH and Pep4-KLH. The anti sera were developed by immunizing rabbit with Pep3-KLH or Pep4-KLH after emulsified in Freund′s complete adjuvant (FCA). The purified anti sera were also utilized to detect the hfgl2 expression in the liver tissue of hepatitis B patients. ResultsThe anti sera react with Pep3 and Pep4,and the titer around 1∶320 000 (Pep3) and 1∶160 000 (Pep4) respectively. Western blot displayed a specifically M_r (molecular mass relatively) 65 000 reactive band in murine hepatitis virus strain 3 infected macrophages from BALB/cJ mice when incubated with anti sera. PCA assay showed that the anti sera inhibited functional activity of mfgl2 prothrombinase expressed on the MHV-3 infected BALB/cJ macrophages in a dose-dependent fashion. The purified anti sera also recognized hfgl2 molecule highly expressed in liver tissue from patients with active acute on chronic hepatitis B. ConclusionPeptide polyclonal antibody against fgl2 prothrombinase was successfully raised with expected specificity,titers and neutralization activity. This study provided an important tool to explore the roles of this newly discovered molecule from human disease and animal model.

Field of study: Biology
Berechnung und experimenteller Vergleich des Verstärkungsfaktors für den Laserübergang 6328 Å in einer He-Ne-Gasentladung

Rate equations for the density of excited atoms in a He-Ne discharge are solved for the steady state. The atomistic parameters in the theoretical treatment are replaced by experimental values. Hence inversion density and single pass gain can be calculated as a function of gas mixture, pressure, discharge current and the geometry of the discharge tube. Conditions for maximum inversion density and single pass gain were calculated and compared with experimentally determined values. Good agreement was found for the maximum single pass gain and the related values of discharge current, gas mixture and pressure.

Field of study: Physics
The Diverging Effects of Need Fulfillment Obtained from Within and Outside of a Romantic Relationship

People have diverse psychological needs that they seek to have fulfilled to maximize their well-being. Romantic relationships are the primary source individuals use for need fulfillment, but fulfillment can come from other sources as well—friends, family, strangers, vocation, and recreation. Whereas having a bevy of available sources puts individuals at an advantage in terms of ensuring their needs are met, which source they utilize may ironically decrease the quality of their valued romantic relationship. Across three studies (total N = 5,169) with diverse methodologies (i.e., nationally representative, cross-sectional, longitudinal), we found that when people achieve psychological need fulfillment from sources other than their romantic partner, they view their relationship less positively (Study 1), perceive greater quality of alternatives to their romantic relationship, and think more about ending the relationship (Studies 2 and 3). Demonstrating robustness, these associations hold independent of the amount of fulfillment provided by the romantic partner.

Field of study: Psychology
A Research on the Agronomy Graduates' Refusal to Jobs on Agriculture

Due to the existence of Agronomy Gra duates' reluctance to accept jobs in agricul ture,the writer conducts a survey among the graduates from several agricultural colleges.Taking into con sideration China' s present conditions of agri-culture and the development of count ryside,the writer makes a detailed a nalysis of the phenomenon with a view to reveal the causes and offer the solut ions accordingly.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Theory of resonant second harmonic generation and frequency summation under adiabatic conditions

A theory is developed of resonant second harmonic generation in a medium consisting of three-level atoms (molecules). Reduced equations for wave propagation are solved without expanding a nonlinear polarization as a series in powers of the field intensities, so that the theory is applicable also to strong resonances. The case of a strong two-photon resonance is investigated and it is shown how the results differ from those obtained using the conventional theory which applies to the nonresonance cases. It is shown that the proposed theory can be generalized to the processes of generation of sum and difference frequencies.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Families of explicit two-step methods for integration of problems with oscillating solutions

We study a new sixth algebraic order, explicit Numerov-type family of methods. Using every free parameter of the family, even its nodes, we manage to derive two methods. The first with phase-lag of order 12, while the other method has one stage less. This is a considerable improvement over the 10th order phase-lag order methods found in the literature until now. Numerical experiments confirm the superiority of our new methods over older methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Diversity and distribution of the last remnants of endemic juniper woodlands on Tenerife, Canary Islands

Identifying ecological requirements, species diversity patterns and distribution ranges of habitats of interest is an important task when developing conservation and restoration programs. The Canarian juniper woodland formed by Juniperus turbinata ssp. canariensis is listed as a priority habitat by the European Union. Although very common in the past, this vegetation type has suffered immense destruction and degradation over the last five centuries on the Canary Islands, especially on the largest most populated island of Tenerife. We evaluated the geographical distribution range of the last remnants of Canarian juniper woodlands on Tenerife and analyzed their ecological status, floristic composition and plant species diversity. Despite the degradation of the original vegetation, we still observed outstanding species diversity. Endemic species richness and number of typical habitat species were best predicted by summer rainfall, which seems to be the limiting factor for this habitat in the lower drier regions. Human disturbance has had a negative effect on endemic species richness but a positive effect on the distribution of alien plants, highlighting the potential threat to this habitat. Ecological characterization and floristic composition were most influenced by climatic factors related to the dichotomy of a humid windward and a drier leeward slope of the island and by altitude. However, vegetation structure and human disturbance also determined species composition. Environmental requirements indicated a circuminsular potential distribution of this habitat. Given the exceptional plant diversity, the scarcity of dense stands and the low protection status, immediate protection of the remaining stands and future restoration programs should be the priority for conservation strategies of this endemic vegetation type.

Field of study: Environmental science
Reliability screening through electrical testing for press-fit alternator power diode in automotive application

Reliability of individual power diode in automotive electronic systems is crucial. However, present reliability test can be performed only on sampling basis due to its destructiveness. On the other hand, present ΔVF test cannot fully screen out the weak reliability power diode. In this work, the root cause of the thermal/power cycle reliability test of power diode is identified, and a new electrical screening test is proposed. This test is non-destructive, and it combines the ΔVF test and the new series resistance test. The series resistance test takes less than 10 ms for each diode, making it possible for 100% screening. Experimental results show that this new screening test can indeed screen out the weak reliability diode effectively and improve its reliability by more than 10 folds.

Field of study: Engineering
Treatment of high-grade spinal cord astrocytoma of childhood with “8-in-1” chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a pilot study of CCG-945

215 NTRINSIC tumors of the spinal cord comprise 1 to 2% of primary central nervous system tumors that occur in the pediatric age group. Approximately 85% of these spinal cord tumors are of astrocytic lineage, and 10 to 15% of these will have histological features consistent with a high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) (that is, anaplastic astrocytoma [AA] or glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]).1,13,17 The histological grade of astrocytic tumors of the spinal cord has prognostic implications similar to those found in other central nervous system sites.8 Lowgrade spinal cord astrocytomas, in spite of their infiltrative behavior, are amenable to radical surgical resection. The median survival time of pediatric patients is usually longer than 6 years, and the pattern of relapse is local recurrence.5,14 Conversely, children with high-grade tumors of the spinal cord have a median survival time of less than 7  These patients develop not only local recurrences but frequently widespread leptomeningeal metastases.6,7,9 No uniform surgical, radiotherapeutic, or chemotherapeutic approach has been validated for such tumors. The Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) 945 High-Grade Astrocytoma Committee devised a pilot study to collect natural history information and explore the benefit of an experimental multimodality treatment in children with newly diagnosed high-grade astrocytomas arising within the spinal cord.4 The protocol included preand postradiotherapy and “8-drugs-in-1-day” (8-in-1) chemotherapy following maximum surgical resection. Craniospinal radiotherapy was recommended; however, it was not always delivered.

Field of study: Medicine
Detection and characterization of murine ecotropic recombinant virus in myeloma and hybridoma cells.

Ecotropic recombinant virus (ERV), a relatively new class of murine retrovirus endogenous to mice, is expressed at significant levels by most murine myeloma and hybridoma cells examined. The routine XC, S+L-, mink cell focus-inducing (MCF), and reverse transcriptase (RT) tests are not suitable to detect and quantify the levels of ERV. A serological focus assay, based on specific anti-murine leukemia virus (MuLV) viral envelope (env) antibodies, is required to detect ERV. A more sensitive format of this serological focus assay includes co-cultivation of test article cells with the indicator (Mus dunni) cells. ERV isolated from murine hybridoma cells show a unique pattern of cross-reactivity with anti-MuLV env antibodies and this pattern is clearly distinct from that of ecotropic and xenotropic retroviruses.

Field of study: Biology
Distributions of Temperature and Stress During Ingot Heating when Charging at High Temperature

The heat preservation time when charging at high temperature was determined based the temperature rising situation of ingot surface;the heating process during charging at high temperature was simulated based on the software,DEFORM-3D,and the distributions of temperature and stress fields were obtained.The results show that the heating time can be reduced effectively by high temperature charging;the three tensile stresses increases due to the fast temperature rising speed when charging at high temperature,hence to an increase in the temperature difference between the surface and center of ingot,but the decrease of temperature difference is fast.The experimental results conform well to the simulation one,which proves that the simulation model is reliable and reasonable.

Field of study: Materials science
Early dysregulation of hippocampal proteins in transgenic rats with Alzheimer's disease-linked mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1.

The response of the hippocampal proteome to expression of mutant proteins present in familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was studied using transgenic rats. These animals carry both the amyloid precursor protein Swedish and 717 mutation (APP(SW+717)) as well as the presenilin 1 Finnish mutation (PS1(FINN)). This transgenic rat model displays intracellular amyloid beta (Abeta) in neurons of the neocortex and the hippocampus (CA2 and CA3). The hippocampus was selected as it is one of the first brain regions affected in AD and is involved in the processing of short-term memory and spatial memory. Applying a proteomic approach, we demonstrate that the expression of APP(SW+717) and PS1(FINN) transgenes causes changes in expression of hippocampal proteins, some of which have been previously linked to learning and memory formation. The protein alterations documented here occur in the absence of plaque formation and prior to the onset of cognitive deficits later observed in these transgenic rats. This indicates that molecular changes take place in the hippocampal neurons in response to expression of mutant proteins APP(SW+717) and PS1(FINN), which precede the occurrence of overt extracellular accumulation of extracellular amyloid. The implications of these findings on our understanding of the early stages of AD are discussed.

Field of study: Biology
Development of Cultural Industries to Promote Urban Economic Development

Further development of the urban economy in general the need for a new round of industrial restructuring. Pursuit of cultural products and intellectual development is premised on the value of local culture to explore for the content, people and cities to meet the needs of economic development as the goal of a resource-conserving development. Therefore become cultural products accumulate wealth, create jobs and improve the competitiveness of the drivers of urban-based industries.

Field of study: Business
GENERALIZED CONFORMING QUADRILATERAL PLANE ELEMENTS BASED ON ANALYTICAL TRIAL FUNCTIONS

Three generalized conforming quadrilateral plane elements are developed in this paper. From the governing equations of the elastic plane problem and the Airy stress function, the fundamental analytical solutions are first derived and then used as the trial functions to formulate the elements: ATF-Q4a, ATF-Q4b and ATF-Q4q. Numerical examples show that two of the proposed elements, ATF-Q4a and ATF-Q4q, are free from mesh sensitivity and exhibit excellent performance.

Field of study: Engineering
Model-based evaluation of the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecular diagnostic ratios as a source identification tool.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs) are unitless concentration ratios of pair-PAHs with the same molecular weight (MW); MDRs have long been used as a tool for PAHs source identification purposes. In the present paper, the efficiency of the MDR methodology is evaluated through the use of a multimedia fate model, the calculation of characteristic travel distances (CTD) and the estimation of air concentrations for individual PAHs as a function of distance from an initial point source. The results show that PAHs with the same MW are sometimes characterized by substantially different CTDs and therefore their air concentrations and hence MDRs are predicted to change as the distance from the original source increases. From the assessed pair-PAHs, the biggest CTD difference is seen for Fluoranthene (107 km) vs. Pyrene (26 km). This study provides a strong indication that MDRs are of limited use as a source identification tool.

Field of study: Environmental science
Research and Application of the Embedded System Based on μC/OS-II

This paper discussed mainly the character and the function of the Real-Time OS μC/OS-II, explained the architecture of Embedded System based on μC/OS-II and how to form an embedded development platform based on μC/OS-II, in addition, the transplantation of μC/OS-II in ARM microprocessor is discussed in details.

Field of study: Computer science
Synergism between nuclear receptors bound to specific hormone response elements of the hepatic control region-1 and the proximal apolipoprotein C-II promoter mediate apolipoprotein C-II gene regulation by bile acids and retinoids.

We have shown previously that the hepatic control region 1 (HCR-1) enhances the activity of the human apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) promoter in HepG2 cells via two hormone response elements (HREs) present in the apoC-II promoter. In the present paper, we report that the HCR-1 selectively mediates the transactivation of the apoC-II promoter by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 9- cis -retinoic acid. CDCA, which is a natural ligand of farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha), increases the steady-state apoC-II mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. This increase in transcription requires the binding of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha)-FXRalpha heterodimers to a novel inverted repeat with one nucleotide spacing (IR-1) present in the HCR-1. This element also binds hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and apoA-I regulatory protein-1. Transactivation of the HCR-1/apoC-II promoter cluster by RXRalpha-FXRalpha heterodimers in the presence of CDCA was abolished by mutations either in the IR-1 HRE of the HCR-1 or in the thyroid HRE of the proximal apoC-II promoter, which binds RXRalpha-thyroid hormone receptor beta (T3Rbeta) heterodimers. The same mutations also abolished transactivation of the HCR-1/apoC-II promoter cluster by RXRalpha-T3Rbeta heterodimers in the presence of tri-iodothyronine. The findings establish synergism between nuclear receptors bound to specific HREs of the proximal apoC-II promoter and the HCR-1, and suggest that this synergism mediates the induction of the HCR-1/apoC-II promoter cluster by bile acids and retinoids.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science