nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
When Does Consultation Lead to Intervention Implementation?

For consultation to result in the delivery of services to students, it must lead to implementation of an intervention. For this reason, intervention implementation is the crucial challenge for the practice of consultation and, as a result, is the critical research need. The argument is advanced that too little is known about the extent to which teachers actually implement interventions following consultation, as opposed to what they say about implementation, because implementation has infrequently been directly measured. The consultation database also provides few analyses of the conditions under which consultees do and do not implement interventions. This article considers fundamental issues of definition, measurement, and design as they relate to the study of the relationship between consultation and intervention implementation.

Field of study: Education
Mentors kry momentum : fokus op MPO Vrystaat

Die Melkprodusente-organisasie se tak in die Vrystaat se inskakeling by die Sentrum vir Produsente-ontwikkeling, oftewel CenDel, se mentorskapprogram, werp reedsvrugte af by opkomende melkboere wat aan die program deelneem.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Optimization of Micro-EDM Process and its Performance Characteristic

Micro-EDM has become an important and cost-effective method of machining extremely tough and brittle electrically conductive materials. It is most widely used in process of making dies and moulds and complex sections geometry and some intricate shapes. work piece material is choosed in this experiment by using AISI 304 Stainless steel. Today's world 304 stainless steel is contributes to almost half of the world's production and the consumptions for industrial purposes. The input variable parameters are pulse on time ,current and duty cycle. The effect of variable parameters that is mentioned above upon the machining characteristics such as MRR, SR and Overcut (OC) is studied.. The tool material is copper in this experiment. The results obtained showed that the current was the most significant parameter is followed by the pulse on time and the least significant was duty cycle for entire three responses namely MRR, Surface roughness(SR) and OC. With the increase in current and duty cycle MRR is increased but for pulse on time it increased only up to 100 micro second and then started to decrease. SR increased significantly with the increase in current; for pulse on time it increased up to 100 micro second and after that there was no significant increase; and in case of duty cycle SR increased up to 70% and then started to decrease.

Field of study: Engineering
Unexpected Formation of 2-Phenyloxazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole from 2-Chloro-1-phenacylbenzimidazole and an Example of Its Transformation into 3-Phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole by the Action of Hydrazine Hydrate


Field of study: Chemistry
Two-Color Planar Doppler Velocimetry

Anovel two-colorapproachto planarDopplervelocimetry (PDV)isdemonstratedin a supersonice ow. Thetechnique was implemented using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser (¸ =618 nm) for illumination and a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for detection. In testing two-color PDV, we obtain good agreement between experimental and theoretical velocities (difference of » 11%) in a compressible freejet e ow. The two-color approach enjoys an inherent advantage over single-color systems in that both the e ltered and reference e ow images are captured with a single camera. The need to split the scattering (and direct to two cameras ) is eliminated, and the e elds of view of the e ltered and reference images are naturally aligned. Thus, the dife culty of experimental setup, which is an impediment to the wide application of PDV, is signie cantly reduced. Furthermore, the needed equipment, at least for one velocity component, was essentially that employed for particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV). However, as a tradeoff one must characterize the irradiance distributions of the two laser sheets, as well as carefully overlap the two sheets within the probe region, and record the beam energies for thetwo lasers on a shot-by-shot basis. Furthermore, asseed particlesizeincreasesbeyond theRayleigh limit(where dRayleigh <100 nm for visible wavelengths ) the ratio of red and green scattering signals will depend on particle size. Nonetheless, the ease with which the two-color PDV technique can be applied, and its complementary nature with equipment needed for PIV, makes it attractive. The strengths and weaknesses of our particular approach are discussed, namely CCD color bleed effects, as are potential alternatives.

Field of study: Physics
Role of molecular orbitals near the fermi level in the excitation of vibrational modes of a single molecule at a scanning tunneling microscope junction.

Inelastically tunneled electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope were used to induce S-S bond dissociation of a (CH(3)S)(2) and lateral hopping of a CH(3)S on Cu(111) at 4.7 K. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations confirm that the excitation mechanism of the vibrationally induced chemistry reflects the projected density of states of molecular orbitals that appear near the Fermi level as a result of the rehybridization of the orbitals between the adsorbed molecules and the substrate metal atoms.

Field of study: Physics
SIZE EFFECT ON THE ULTIMATE DRYING SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE – MODELING WITH MICROPRESTRESS-SOLIDIFICATION THEORY

Drying shrinkage of concrete is a distinctively long-term process which is affected by many factors ranging from concrete composition, curing and ambient conditions to the dimensions and shape of the investigated structural member. In the case of standard-size structural members the ultimate value of drying shrinkage is reached within several decades, which hampers the experimental verification. In a reasonable time scope (e.g. 1 year) even the standard laboratory-size specimens provide only the initial evolution of shrinkage which cannot be extrapolated owing to the ill-posed nature of the problem. Furthermore, the experimental data indicate that there is a non-negligible size effect on the ultimate drying shrinkage which makes the transition from laboratory to structural size even more difficult. The objective of the current research is to assess this size effect from the perspective of the experimental data found in the literature, the design codes and prediction models for the long-term behavior of concrete, and finally, the coupled FEM simulations with the advanced constitutive model based on the Microprestress-Solidification theory.

Field of study: Engineering
138: Absence of IL-6 accelerates thrombus formation through reduced MMPs and uPA expression in murine deep vein thrombosis model

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of pulmonary thromboembolism, a leading cause of death in individuals with DVT. And DVT is multifactorial and often results from a combination of risk factors such as genetic conditions, obesity, drugs, pregnancy, aging, trauma, and malignancy. We demonstrated the pathophysiological roles of cytokines such as IFN-g and TNF-α in the processes of thrombus resolution using genetically engineered mice. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological roles of IL-6 in the resolution of DVT by the use of Il6 KO mice. Upon the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of WT mice, venous thrombi formed and grew progressively until 5 days, and the thrombus weight decreased after that. Concomitantly, the gene expression of Il6 was detected in the thrombi. When Il6 KO mice were treated in the same manner, thrombus size was much larger than WT mice. The intrathrombotic IL-6 was produced by intrathrombotic infiltrated macrophages on double color immunofluorescence staining of thrombi. And the number of intrathrombotic IL-6-positive cells changed in proportion to the number of macrophages. Moreover, the blood flow of the IVC was more recovered in WT than in Il6 KO mice. And intrathrombotic Mmp2 , Mmp9 , and Plau mRNA expression was significantly reduced in Il6 KO mice than WT mice. Supportingly, the administration of anti-IL-6 antibody delayed the thrombus resolution in WT mice. Furthermore, IL-6 treatment enhanced gene expression of Plau , Mmp2 , and Mmp9 in WT-derived macrophages. These IL-6 effects were significantly suppressed by Stat3 inhibitor. Collectively, IL-6 can have a beneficial role in the thrombus resolution by upreglation of MMP-2, MMP-9 and alpha expression. IL-6 can be a good molecular target for the DVT treatment.

Field of study: Medicine
Effects of neferine on transmembrane potentials of guinea pig myocardium

Neferine, an alkaloid first isolated from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn in China, possesses an anti-arrhythmic action. The effects on the action potential duration (APD) and the maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax) in different driving rates, the slow response action potentials of K+-depolarized ventricular myocardium and the ouabain-induced oscillatory potentials were studied in guinea pig papillary muscles. Neferine 10 and 50 mumols/L markedly suppressed the transmembrane potentials Vmax at 0.1-5 Hz. It (50 mumols/L) prolonged the APD at 0.5-5 Hz. Neferine 10-100 mumols/L inhibited the contractility, amplitude of action potentials and Vmax of K+-depolarized guinea pig papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent manner, and 100 mumols/L decreased the amplitude of action potentials and Vmax from 73 +/- 7 mV and 6.0 +/- 1.7 V/s of control to 57 +/- 4 mV and 3.2 +/- 0.7 V/s, respectively. In addition, neferine 50 mumols/L abolished the oscillatory potentials induced by ouabain. The results indicate that the effects of neferine on APD and Vmax seem not to be related to the frequency of stimuli, and its anti-arrhythmic action is relevant to the inhibitory effects on Na+, K+, Ca2+ currents of myocardium.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
The minimization of the fuel costs in the train transportation

This paper presenting case studies in modern large scale constrained optimization, the purpose of which is to illustrate how recent advances in algorithms and modelling languages have made it easy to solve difficult optimization problems using of software. In this paper we use measure theory technique and iterative dynamic programming algorithm for solving of a trajectory optimization problem: how to drive a train so as to minimize fuel costs. In the first method, we optimal control problem to using of atomic measures change this one to an infinite dimensional linear programming problem and then we approximate the latter one to a finite dimensional linear programming problem, then by the optimal solution of the final problem we obtain sub-optimal controls and then by these controls we obtain the approximate solution of the original problem. In the second method, we will using dynamic programming as iteration for solving optimal control problem.

Field of study: Mathematics
Evaluation of Levenberg-Marquardt neural networks and stacked autoencoders clustering for skin lesion analysis, screening and follow-up

Traditional methods for early detection of melanoma rely on the visual analysis of the skin lesions performed by a dermatologist. The analysis is based on the so-called ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variegation, Diameter, Evolution) criteria, although confirmation is obtained through biopsy performed by a pathologist. The proposed method exploits an automatic pipeline based on morphological analysis and evaluation of skin lesion dermoscopy images. Preliminary segmentation and pre-processing of dermoscopy image by SC-cellular neural networks is performed, in order to obtain ad-hoc grey-level skin lesion image that is further exploited to extract analytic innovative hand-crafted image features for oncological risks assessment. In the end, a pre-trained Levenberg–Marquardt neural network is used to perform ad-hoc clustering of such features in order to achieve an efficient nevus discrimination (benign against melanoma), as well as a numerical array to be used for follow-up rate definition and assessment. Moreover, the authors further evaluated a combination of stacked autoencoders in lieu of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network for the clustering step.

Field of study: Computer science
Centrality dependence of electrical and Hall conductivity at RHIC and LHC energies for a conformal system

In this work, we study electrical conductivity and Hall conductivity in the presence of electromagnetic field using Relativistic Boltzmann Transport Equation with Relaxation Time Approximation. We evaluate these transport coefficients for a strongly interacting system consisting of nearly massless particles which is similar to Quark-Gluon Plasma and is likely to be formed in heavy-ion collision experiments. We explicitly include the effects of magnetic field in the calculation of relaxation time. The values of magnetic field are obtained for all the centrality classes of Au + Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$$
 200 GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$$
 2.76 TeV. We consider the three lightest quark flavors and their corresponding antiparticles in this study. We estimate the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and Hall conductivity for different strengths of magnetic field. We observe a significant dependence of temperature on electrical and Hall conductivity in the presence of magnetic field.

Field of study: Physics
Ancient wheat varieties have a higher ability to interact with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Plant interactions with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly dependent on plant genotype. Modern plant breeding has largely sought to improve crop performance, but with little focus on the optimization of plant × PGPR interactions. The interactions of the model PGPR strain Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 were therefore compared in 199 ancient and modern wheat genotypes. A reporter system, in which F113 colonization and expression of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic genes (phl) were measured on roots was used to quantify F113 × wheat interactions under gnotobiotic conditions. Thereafter, eight wheat accessions that differed in their ability to interact with F113 were inoculated with F113 and grown in greenhouse in the absence or presence of stress. F113 colonization was linked to improved stress tolerance. Moreover, F113 colonization and phl expression were higher overall on ancient genotypes than modern genotypes. F113 colonization improved wheat performance in the four genotypes that showed the highest level of phl expression compared to the four genotypes in which phl expression was lowest. Taken together, these data suggest that recent wheat breeding strategies have had a negative impact on the ability of the plants to interact with PGPR.

Field of study: Environmental science
Recent Progress in Atmospheric Radiation

On presente quelques resumes d'articles les plus significatifs presentes a la Veme conference sur le rayonnement atmospherique (Baltimore, 31 oct.-4 nov. 1983). Les themes etaient les suivants: teledetection par satellite, interaction du rayonnement et circulation generale, effets des nuages et des aerosols sur le climat, application a l'energie solaire

Field of study: Environmental science
Research on Urban Power Grid Harmonic Source Location Based on Harmonic Transmission

Based on the analysis of parameter identification of harmonic state estimation and harmonic source localization on fundamental theory, urban power grid harmonic transmission model is established, and by using harmonic transmission rule, preliminary determine the harmonic source area, effectively reduce the dimension of harmonic state estimation and calculation workload. Then using intelligent methods and data reliability security strategy, automatic identification and acquisition of harmonic currents, improve the quality of data, effectively prevent the harmonic current of nonlinear and measurement noise vector's influence on the harmonic state estimation. Finally, a case is given to prove the correctness and feasibility of the theory in this paper.

Field of study: Engineering
From"Knowing"to "Ignorance"——Interpretating the process theory of Mr.·Tu·You-guang's Educational Philosophy

Education should guide students from"ignorance"to"knowing",then from"knowing"to"ignorance",But modern education neglected the second process.The necessity of the process from"knowledge"to"ignorance"lies on the educational ethics-in-itself and the need of development of humam nature.The possibility of the process from"knowledge"to"ignorance"lies on the human's intuition of intelligence.

Field of study: Education
Analysis of antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of enterococci from Nantong and other areas in Jiangsu Province

To analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotype of entericocci to provide impersonal information.  Disk diffusion method according to CLIS was used to test the antimicrobial resistance of 2936 enterococcal isolates from 4 comprehensive hospitals in Nantong and 10 grade 3 hospitals in other areas of China from years 2003 to 2006. The laboratory data was analyzed by WHONET5 statistic software.  Enterococcus. Faecalis isolates and E. faecium isolates accounted for 80.4% and15.1% of the entericoccus isolates in Nantong and 78.1% and 16.2% in other areas, respectively. The entericoccus isolates from urine, sputum, secretion with pus, blood, and bile accounted for top five 33.7%,22.9%,9.8%, 4.4%, and 3.0% of the entericoccus isolates in Nantong and 28.4%,16.3%,14.6%,S.0%, and 4.5% in other areas respectively. The resistance rates of E. faecalis to vancomycin, teicoplanin ampicillin, and high-level gentamicin were 2.0%v 1.4%, 17.0%, and 47.3% in Nantong , and 5.1%,3.7%,24%, and 49.2% in other areas; The resistance rates of E. faecalis to vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, and high-level gentamicin were 1.4%,2.7%,64.2%, and 64.9% in Nantong and 2.2%,3.1%,67.9%, and 62.3% in other areas respectively. The vancomycin-resistant rate of the total isolates of entericocci was 3.5%.  Enterococcus faecium is the main species in the entericoccus isolates from clinical samples. E. faecium, compared with E. faecalis, resists many antimicrobial agents more strongly. Both of E. faecalis and E. faecium show the least resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

Field of study: Medicine
CALCULATION METHOD FOR AXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF STEEL TUBE-REINFORCED CONCRETE COMPOSITE COLUMNS

A brief introduction to the available main methods of calculating the axial compressive strength of steel tube-reinforced concrete composite columns is presented.The ultimate state of axial compressive strength of composite columns and a formula for calculating the peak compressive strain of the composite column are proposed.Based on those,formulae for calculating the axial compressive strength of composite columns are developed.The axial compressive strength of 34 composite column specimens are calculated by the developed formulae,the calculated results have good agreement with the test results.In order to make the peak compressive strain of the composite column less than the peak compressive strain of the stirrup confined concrete out of the steel tube and larger than the peak compressive strain of the steel tube confined concrete,the upper limit value of the proportion of the steel tube confined the concrete area over the overall sectional area of the composite column is suggested.

Field of study: Engineering
A Solid State Neutron Detector

A solid state detector for thermal neutrons is described. The photodiode-scintillator front-end of this detector is integrated with its supporting electronics in a single package. The output signal is presented in analog and digital forms. A third digital output provides a signal that reflects the saturation of the electronics due to pulse pile-up. The persistence of pulse pile-up for periods greater than 1 millisecond may be related to the occurence of a criticality condition. The digital signals are provided on an RS-422 balanced differential line driver with a range, on twisted shielded pairs, of about 2000 feet. This device is stable over a wide range of temperatures.

Field of study: Physics
A variable rate coefficient chlorine decay model.

Chlorine is the most widely used water disinfectant in the world. As a result, optimal chlorine usage is essential for both human and environmental health. Chlorine decay models can be used to predict residual concentrations in water distribution networks and optimize chlorine dosing. However, the coefficients of current chlorine decay models are often dependent on the loading conditions and are therefore impractical for day-to-day water distribution network modeling purposes and chlorine dosing optimization studies. This study proposes and assesses a novel numerical chlorine decay model with four parameters that are independent of the loading conditions for a given water sample. The model is based on kinetic equations derived from the rate law for concurrent bimolecular second order reactions with chlorine and will be referred to as the variable rate coefficient (VRC) chlorine decay model. The performance of the proposed model is compared with another model reported in the literature, and the VRC model is also assessed for reliability with data sets that are omitted during model calibration. The VRC model is consistently found to be in agreement with the experimental data.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hose workload based exact algorithm for the optimal design of virtual private networks

The Virtual Private Networks (VPN) optimal bandwidth allocation problem with tree topology has been widely discussed in the literature. Most of the algorithms proposed by researchers to solve this problem use approximation schemes. In this paper, we propose an exact and efficient Branch-and-Cut algorithm for the problem in the context of a hose workload model. In particular, we consider the case when the ingress and egress traffic at VPN endpoints are asymmetric and the links of the network have unbounded capacities. The algorithm proposed here is based on a linear integer programming formulation for the problem introduced by Kumar et al. (2002) . Using this and a deep investigation of the polyhedral structure of that formulation, our algorithm permits to solve large instances of the problem having up to 120 nodes and 10 terminals.

Field of study: Computer science
A Position-Sensitive Germanium Detector for Gamma-Ray Astronomy

The critical problem in high-resolution cosmic gamma-ray spectroscopy in the energy range from 0.02 to 10 MeV is the limited spectral sensitivity of the detectors used. This results from the small effective area of the detectors and the high background noise due to induced radioactivity and scattering in the detectors high-energy particle environment. The effective area can be increased by increasing the number of detectors, but this becomes prohibitive because of the size and expense of the resulting instrument. We have taken a new approach: a segmented large-volume germanium gamma-ray detector which can effectively discriminate against internal background yet maintain the high spectral resolution and efficiency of conventional coaxial Ge detectors. To verify this concept, a planar detector divided into two segments has been fabricated and laboratory measurements agree well with Monte Carlo calculations. A large coaxial detector which will be divided into five segments is being built using the techniques developed for the planar detector. Monte Carlo calculations show that the sensitivity (minimum detectable flux) of the segmented coaxial detector is a factor of 2-3 better than conventional detectors because of the reduction in the internal background.

Field of study: Physics