nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Motor Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Is Tardive Dyskinesia a Symptom or Side Effect? A Modern Treatment

Abnormal involuntary dyskinetic movements in schizophrenia patients have been documented for more than 140 years. Clinicians should distinguish between two kinds of disturbances—spontaneous dyskinetic movements and movements induced by psychotropic medications—which may look familiar clinically. As a modern term, tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially permanent neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder that occurs after months or years of taking psychotropic drugs. Several distinct forms of TD exist, specifically tardive akathisia, tardive blepharospasm, tardive dystonia, tardive gait, tardive myoclonus, tardive tremor, and tardive tics, and they have different pathophysiologies and treatment. The pathogenesis of TD remains unclear, and the pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial. Moreover, there is solid evidence of a genetic predisposition to TD. This article summarizes recent relevant publications concerning TD and the most recent studies regarding treatment of this disorder with antioxidative agents.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Strain derivative of thermoelectric properties as a sensitive probe for nematicity

The nematic instability is an undebatable ingredient of the physics of iron-based superconductors. Yet, its origin remains enigmatic as it involves a fermiology with an intricate interplay of lattice-, orbital-, and spin degrees of freedom. It is well known that thermoelectric transport is an excellent probe for revealing even subtle signatures of instabilities and pertinent fluctuations. In this paper, we report a strong response of the thermoelectric transport properties of two underdoped 1111 iron-based superconductors to a vanishingly small strain. By introducing the strain derivative of the Seebeck and the Nernst coefficients, we provide a description of the nematic order parameter, proving the existence of an anisotropic Peltier-tensor beside an anisotropic conductivity tensor. Our measurements reveal that the transport nematic phenomenology is the result of the combined effect of both an anisotropic scattering time and Fermi surface distortions, pointing out that in a realistic description, abreast of the spin fluctuations also the orbital character is a fundamental ingredient. In addition, we show that nematic fluctuations universally relax in a Curie–Weiss fashion above T S in all the elasto-transport measurements and we provide evidences that nematicity must be band selective.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of process parameters on ice crystals and air bubbles size distributions of sorbets in a scraped surface heat exchanger.

Ice crystals and bubbles size distributions were characterized for aerated sorbets produced during a crystallization-foaming process in a scraped surface heat exchanger. Size measurements were performed immediately at the exit of the heat exchanger by means of a low-temperature microscopy method especially developed in order to discriminate between ice crystals and bubbles and to make possible to measure both sizes simultaneously. The influence of process parameters such as refrigerant fluid evaporating temperature and air flowrate on both size distributions was investigated. Larger ice crystals were obtained when refrigerant fluid temperature increased, but this effect was minimized by the presence of air which retards crystal growth by insulation and hindrance effect. Low refrigerant fluid temperature led to small air bubbles size because of the enhancement of bubbles breakup by shear forces. Ice crystals size was reduced when air flowrate was increased, even if the effect was less pronounced at the lower refrigerant fluid temperature. Variations on air flowrate had a very small effect on air bubbles size.

Field of study: Engineering
High-spin states in 61Cu

High-spin states in 61Cu have been studied using the 40Ca(28Si, 3p1α )61Cu reaction at a bombarding energy of 120 MeV. A particle-γ-γ coincidence measurement was made with 10 Compton suppressed Ge detectors and a charged particle detector array(Si ball). Spin assignments were carried out based on the DCO analysis. The experimental results were compared with a shell-model calculation.

Field of study: Physics
Teacher-Student Relationships: The Impact on High School Students

Teacher-student relationship is one of the factors that promotes students learning. Positive interaction creates peaceful environment, but negative interaction leads to instability. Teacher’s positive relationship helps to promote student’s academic growth. Teachers who emphasize positive aspect of students rather than negative aspect helps the students to be more forthcoming with positive behavior. An overemphasized negative students’ attitude rather than praise leads to bad relation between instructors and students.  student and teacher relationship, teacher self-efficacy, discipline strategies DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-14-15 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Field of study: Education
Effects of varying the percentage of key illuminations paired with food in a positive automaintenance procedure.

Three pigeons were exposed to a positive automaintenance procedure in which each trial began with a brief tone followed by the transillumination of a small central area of the response key for 10 sec. Key illumination was followed by food on 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 0% of the trials. The effects depended on the dependent variable observed. The mean rate of responding during key illumination rapidly increased and then decreased slightly as the percentage of key illuminations paired with food increased. The number of key illuminations during which at least one response occurred increased as a negatively accelerating function of the percentage of key illuminations paired with food, and the mean latency to the first response during the key illuminations decreased as a negatively decelerating function of the percentage condition. The mean rate of sustained responding during key illumination was not systematically affected by changes in the percentage conditions.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Integration of expertise or collaborative practice?: Coastal management and climate adaptation at the Wadden Sea

Collaborative governance has emerged in recent years as a leading paradigm within environmental management more generally and coastal management in particular. The extensive policy and academic literatures on integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) have promoted the coordination of multiple policy sectors, the inclusion of non-state actors as well as the integration of scientific knowledge and expertise from across a diverse range of disciplines. More recently, scholars within this field have called for greater attention to local, lay forms of knowledge and the cultural values held by coastal communities. The potential tensions between these objectives has however, received limited attention to date. To what extent is a concern for collaborative practice and stakeholder inclusion compatible with a similarly ambitious concern for the transdisciplinary integration of expertise? This paper responds to calls for empirical analyses of governance processes at the coast and the need to critically review purported paradigm shifts within the context of broader spatially and temporally differentiated governance contexts. The paper identifies distinct interpretations of ICZM in the literature, reflecting distinct paradigms of planning practice. Empirically, the paper examines the relationship between knowledge integration and collaborative practice through a case study of managing coastal change at the German Wadden Sea coast. In this particular case, expert driven approaches to policy-making, informed by a technical rationality paradigm have been dominant, presenting challenges to the emergence of collaborative, cross-sectoral governance.

Field of study: Environmental science
Depth-resolved two-dimensional stokes vectors of backscattered light and mueller matrices of biological tissue measured with optical coherence tomography.

Mueller matrices provide a complete characterization of the optical polarization properties of biological tissue. A polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was built and used to investigate the optical polarization properties of biological tissues and other turbid media. The apparent degree of polarization (DOP) of the backscattered light was measured with both liquid and solid scattering samples. The DOP maintains the value of unity within the detectable depth for the solid sample, whereas the DOP decreases with the optical depth for the liquid sample. Two-dimensional depth-resolved images of both the Stokes vectors of the backscattered light and the full Mueller matrices of biological tissue were measured with this system. These polarization measurements revealed some tissue structures that are not perceptible with standard OCT.

Field of study: Physics
Study on Framework-based Virtual Computing Environment and Key Technology

By analyzing the current situation of serveral virtual environments,characteristics and scope of application,This paper designs and implements a framework-based virtual computing environment for small and medium-sized,heterogeneous fragmented computing needs.presents a hierarchical service design to improve service scalability and flexibility,and proposes a peer-to-peer mode random adaptive scheduling algorithm for the diverse complicated performance gap between computing resources scheduling problems.This algorithm supports to scheduler related task.the algorithm is applicable to heterogeneous and larger resource environment,particularly on the computing resources performance difference.The paper builds a prototype system and implement experiment,Finally,the computing environment is used in the actual seismic data processing.

Field of study: Computer science
Overview on Anesthetic Management of Children with Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs)

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are hereditary disorders characterised by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) due to the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes. These substrates accumulate in the skin, brain, heart, bone, liver, spleen, blood vessels, cornea and tracheobronchial airways. Patients with MPS disorders require several surgical interventions related to the deposition of GAGs most frequently otolaryngologic and ophthalmologic procedures. A wellknown problem with MPS disease is high incidence of difficult airway. Airway obstruction, difficulty in ventilation and oxygenation elevate the mortality rates of these patients under general anesthesia.  Charts of nine children with MPS who received general anesthesia performed by the authors at the otolaryngology and ophthalmology departments in the past five years were retrospectively reviewed.  Nine children received general anesthesia for 12 surgical procedures. One child died at preinduction, one case could not be intubated at his second surgery and it was cancelled, another case could not be intubated and an otolaryngologist performed an emergency tracheostomy in the emergency department for status epilepticus and respiratory distress. the others were uncomplicated under general anesthesia.  An experienced anesthetic team should undertake anesthesia of all MPS cases. Awareness of MPS among anesthesiologists should be increased regarding to the problems of both syndrome and treatment in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Field of study: Medicine
Effect of Injection Speed on Internal Structure and Mechanical Properties in Short Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyamide Injection Mouldings

Injection mouldings of glass/polyamide can have heterogeneous features such as skin/core structures, depending on the injection moulding conditions. The structure of glass fibre reinforced polyamide injection mouldings is discussed on the basis of the results of acoustic emission and fractographic observations associated with static and fatigue testing. The heterogeneous structures identified by variations in fibre distribution were affected by injection moulding speed. The mechanical properties and the fatigue life were also affected by the injection speed because there is a strong relationship between the internal structure and the fracture behaviour. In particular, the existence of resin rich regions dominates the fracture behaviour in both tensile and fatigue testing.

Field of study: Materials science
CHANNELS AND CHANNEL-FILLING SEDIMENTS OF RICHMOND AGE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

During the post-Maysville, pre-Richmond interval a stream flowing southeastward on the southeastern flank of the Nashville dome cut the Pulaski Channel in Giles and Lincoln counties, Tennessee, for a known length of 32 miles with average width of 1500 feet and depth of 100 feet. During Richmond time this channel was filled with clastic sediments brought in from the southeast by the advancing Richmond sea. About 75 feet of Lower shale and Conglomeratic sandstone was deposited during the first, or estuarine, phase. Lenses of Lower limestone conglomerate consisting of pebbles and cobbles of older underlying limestone in a matrix of sandstone were deposited during this phase. The second, or marine, phase began when the Richmond sea invaded the region and submerged the channel now three-quarters filled with estuarine sediments. Along the submerged channel a total of 70 feet of Upper limestone conglomerate, Upper shale, and Sandstone member of the Mannie shale was deposited contemporary with the accumulation of about 45 feet of normal Richmond over the surrounding region, consisting of Fernvale formation, Mannie shale, and Sandstone member of the Mannie shale. The Upper limestone conglomerate, which is equivalent to the Fernvale limestone member, was deposited upon the upper slopes of the channel and upon the top of the Lower shale. The submerged channel was filled flush with the surrounding sea floor by the Upper, or Mannie, shale. At the same time the Fayetteville Channel in Lincoln County underwent a similar history, but the sediments filling this channel are too poorly preserved to permit satisfactory investigation and interpretation except by analogy with the Pulaski Channel.

Field of study: Geology
Experimental Verification of Scan-Architecture-Based Evaluation Technique of SET and SEU Soft-Error Rates at Each Flip-Flop in Logic VLSI Systems

Irradiation test results demonstrate the validity of a scan FF technology for separately evaluating SET and SEU soft error rates (SERs) in logic VLSI systems. The SET and SEU soft errors mean the upset caused by latching an SET pulse that originates in combinational logic cell blocks and the upset caused by a direct ion hit to the FF, respectively. A test chip is fabricated using a 0.2-mum fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator standard cell library and irradiated under an LET of 40 MeV-cm2/mg. The SET and SEU soft error rates are successfully measured by the scan FFs on the test chip. A theoretical SET SER estimation from measured SET-pulse widths is also experimentally validated.

Field of study: Physics
Regulatory Focus: Legislative outlook for 1986.

With plans to reduce the federal deficit, the reauthorization of Superfund seems doubtful. Congress had hoped to enact a new version of Superfund last fall; however, it is hoped that work can be completed on a compromise Superfund bill in March. At the present time, EPA has approximately $200 million to spend on Superfund, compared with the congressionally authorized 1986 level of $900 million. Three other major environmental statutes which have been surviving through simple extensions by Congress are discussed. They are: (1) amendments to the Clean Air Act dealing with conventional controls and new acid rain proposals, (2) reauthorization of the Clean Water Act, and (3) reauthorization of pesticide legislation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Generalized inverse A(2)T, S and a rank equation

In this paper the rank equationrankABCX=rank(A), is considered in the sense that B and C are characterized when A^(^2^)"T","S is solution to this equation. As the special cases, similar results for A^@?, A^@?"M","N, A"d and A"g are also derived. This contributes to certain recent results in the literature, including that obtained by Grosz [ (1999) 127] and Thome and Wei [ (2003) 471].

Field of study: Mathematics
The influence of bowel management on urodynamic findings in spina bifida children with detrusor overactivity and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia.

To examine the effects of bowel management on urodynamic findings in spina bifida children with detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD).



Between 2014 and 2019 we prospectively evaluated 39 consecutive spina bifida children with DO and DSD (18 (46.2%) boys and 21 (53.8%) girls, aged 4-16 years; mean age 9.5 ± 3.7 years) who received bowel management and we treated their bowel dysfunction with an aim of alleviating the symptoms of constipation, preventing constant overdistension of the rectosigmoid, providing regular emptying of the colon and faecal continence. Bowel management included daily enema, laxative application and a special diet who was performed during 12 months. All children had undergone urodynamic studies before and after starting bowel management, with no changes in their urological treatment.



Bowel management caused an increase in maximum bladder capacity from 183.0 (112.0-234.0) to 237.0 (165.0-298.0) (p < 0.001). When maximal bladder capacity adjusted for age there was also significant increment (adjusted before 0.54 (0.47-0.64), adjusted after 0.75 (0.70-0.82), p < 0.001). In addition, we observed a decrease in maximal detrusor pressure from 64.3 (49.0-77.0) to 46.4 (32.0-59.0) cm H2O (p < 0.001) and an increase in bladder compliance from 3.0 (2.0-3.3) to 5.6 (3.9-6.6) ml/cm H2O (p < 0.001). There was also significant reductions in leak point pressure from 62.0 (48.0-69.0) to 39.0 (30.0-43.0) cm H2O (p = 0.001), and significant reductions in post-void residual volume (PVR) from 165.0 (128.0-187.0) to 98.0 (68.0-136.0) ml in our 13 patients who could achieve spontaneous voiding (p = 0.001).



Administering bowel management may be useful for bladder function and urodynamic findings in spina bifida children with DO and DSD. Therefore, bowel management should form an integral part of the treatment in spina bifida children with DO and DSD.

Field of study: Medicine
Single-Variable Poisson Regression: A Goodness-of-Fit Test and the Comparison of Regression Coefficients

The single-variable Poisson regression model with y i as an observation on a Poisson random variable with parameter λx i is studied. A goodness-of-fit test and three tests for the comparison of the value of λ in two populations are proposed. Some asymptotic results for the comparison tests are given.

Field of study: Mathematics
Isolation and cloning of an endo-beta-1,4-mannanase from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

An endo-beta-1,4-mannanase was isolated from digestive fluid of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, by successive chromatographies on TOYPEARL CM-650M, hydroxyapatite, and TOYOPEARL HW50F. The abalone mannanase, named HdMan in the present paper, showed a molecular mass of approximately 39,000 Da on SDS-PAGE, and exhibited high hydrolyic activity on both galactomannan from locust bean gum and glucomannan from konjac at an optimal pH and temperature of 7.5 and 45 degrees C, respectively. HdMan could degrade either beta-1,4-mannan or beta-1,4-mannooligosaccharides to mannotriose and mannobiose similarly to beta-1,4-mannanases from Pomacea, Littorina, and Mytilus. In addition, HdMan could disperse the fronds of a red alga Porphyra yezoensis into cell masses consisting of 10-20 cells that are available for cell engineering of this alga. cDNAs encoding HdMan were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from an abalone-hepatopancreas cDNA library. From the nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs, the sequence of 1232 bp in total was determined and the amino-acid sequence of 377 residues was deduced from the translational region of 1134 bp locating at nucleotide positions 15-1148. The N-terminal region of 17 residues except for the initiation Met, was regarded as the signal peptide of HdMan because it was absent in the HdMan protein and showed high similarity to the consensus sequence for signal peptides of eukaryote secretory proteins. Accordingly, mature HdMan was considered to consist of 359 residues with the calculated molecular mass of 39,627.2 Da. HdMan is classified into glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GHF5) on the basis of sequence homology to GHF5 enzymes.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
The Spi Lake Formation of the central Hearne domain, western Churchill Province, Canada: an axial intracratonic continental tholeiite trough above the cogenetic Kaminak dyke swarm

The Spi Group is a package of plagioclase porphyritic, amygdaloidal basalt flows and sandstone (Spi Lake Formation) conformably overlain by coarse conglomerate and sandstone (Old Boot Formation). These unconformably overlie the Kaminak Lake segment of the Central Hearne supracrustal belt, western Churchill Province. The Spi Group developed in a small, isolated basin (8 km2) and is older than the Paleoproterozoic Hurwitz Group. Our data demonstrate that the basalts of the Spi Lake Formation are genetically related to the ca. 2450 Ma Kaminak dyke swarm, a speculation previously promoted by some workers based on field characteristics alone. They are continental tholeiites with large ion lithophile and light rare-earth element enriched multielement profiles with prominent high field-strength element troughs. The 143Nd/144Nd compositions overlap the contemporaneous chondritic bulk-earth data. All of these are features we infer to have resulted from mixing of melts from dominantly depleted mid-ocean ridge basal...

Field of study: Environmental science
SEM-EDX Study of the Degradation Process of Two Xenograft Materials Used in Sinus Lift Procedures

Some studies have demonstrated that in vivo degradation processes are influenced by the material’s physico-chemical properties. The present study compares two hydroxyapatites manufactured on an industrial scale, deproteinized at low and high temperatures, and how physico-chemical properties can influence the mineral degradation process of material performance in bone biopsies retrieved six months after maxillary sinus augmentation. Residual biomaterial particles were examined by field scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to determine the composition and degree of degradation of the bone graft substitute material. According to the EDX analysis, the Ca/P ratio significantly lowered in the residual biomaterial (1.08 ± 0.32) compared to the initial composition (2.22 ± 0.08) for the low-temperature sintered group, which also presented high porosity, low crystallinity, low density, a large surface area, poor stability, and a high resorption rate compared to the high-temperature sintered material. This demonstrates that variations in the physico-chemical properties of bone substitute material clearly influence the degradation process. Further studies are needed to determine whether the resorption of deproteinized bone particles proceeds slowly enough to allow sufficient time for bone maturation to occur.

Field of study: Materials science