nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Doubts Grow as Many Attempts at Cold Fusion Fail

All the world has been hoping for evidence that Martin Fleischmann of the University of Southampton, England, and Stanley Pons of the University of Utah are right. The pair claimed on 23 March that, inside a small cell containing a palladium cathode immersed in heavy water at room temperature, deuterium nuclei were fusing and producing heat at a rate four times higher than the input power. Two hectic months later scores of research groups were ready to confirm or deny that claim. Many reported at special sessions of the APS meeting in Baltimore and of the Electrochemical Society meeting in Los Angeles in early May. At the time of this writing the “nays” were outnumbering the “yeas.” Although the final tally will not be taken until more experiments are done and all papers are published in peer‐reviewed journals, the euphoria is quickly fading.

Field of study: Physics
Active-site and membrane topology of the DD-peptidase/penicillin-binding protein no. 6 of Enterococcus hirae (Streptococcus faecium) A.T.C.C. 9790.

The membrane-bound 43,000-Mr penicillin-binding protein no. 6 (PBP6) of Enterococcus hirae consists of a 30,000-Mr DD-peptidase/penicillin-binding domain and a approximately 130-residue C-terminal appendage. Removal of this appendage by trypsin proteolysis has no marked effect on the catalytic activity and penicillin-binding capacity of the PBP. Anchorage of the PBP in the membrane appears to be mediated by a short 15-20-residue stretch at the C-terminal end of the appendage. The sequence of the 50-residue N-terminal region of the PBP shows high degree of homology with the sequences of the corresponding regions of the PBPs5 of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. On this basis the active-site serine residue occurs at position 35 in the enterococcal PBP.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Early and long-term effects of chronic low-dose radiation and coenzyme Q diet on the proliferation of rat spleen T cells.

Chronic whole-body irradiation (0.43 cGy/day; total doses 11, 23, and 35 cGy) caused non-monotonous long-term disturbances in rat splenic T lymphocytes proliferation. Immunosuppression observed after chronic exposure had no correlation with the splenic cell number and the decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258-DNA complex in T lymphocytes. Small, but significant radioprotection was observed with Coenzyme Q diet immediately after irradiation. These results indicate that the changes in T cell immunity, T cell viability, and T cell DNA state after exposure to low dose radiation are not interrelated.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Stradano’s Allegorical Invention of the Americas in Late Sixteenth-Century Florence*

This essay situates Giovanni Stradano’s engravings of the discovery of the Americas from the Americae Retectio and Nova Reperta series within the context of their design in late sixteenth-century Florence, where the artist worked at the Medici court and collaborated with the dedicatee of the prints, Luigi Alamanni. Through an analysis of the images in relation to contemporary texts about the navigators who traveled to the Americas, as well as classical sources, emblems, and works of art in diverse media — tapestry, print, ephemera, and fresco — the study argues that Stradano’s allegorical representations of the Americas were produced in order to make clear Florence’s role in the invention of the New World.

Field of study: History
Agile-Beam Phased Array Radar for Weather Observations

Weather radars with conventional antenna cannot provide desired volume scan updates at intervals of one minute or less, which is essential for significant improvement in warning lead time of impending storm hazards. The agile-beam multimission phased array radar (MPAR) discussed herein is one potential candidate that can provide faster scanning. It also offers a unique potential for multipurpose use to not only sample weather, but support air traffic needs and track noncooperative airplanes, thus making it an affordable option. After introducing the basic idea behind electronic beam steering, the needs for frequent observations of convective weather are explained. Then, advantages of the phased array radar (PAR) for weather monitoring and improving data quality are examined. To explore and develop weather-related applications of the PAR, a National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has been established in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT's main purpose is to address the advanced capabilities anticipated within the n...

Field of study: Environmental science
Spatial filtering velocimetry of objective speckles for measuring out-of-plane motion.

This paper analyzes the dynamics of objective laser speckles as the distance between the object and the observation plane continuously changes. With the purpose of applying optical spatial filtering velocimetry to the speckle dynamics, in order to measure out-of-plane motion in real time, a rotational symmetric spatial filter is designed. The spatial filter converts the speckle dynamics into a photocurrent with a quasi-sinusoidal response to the out-of-plane motion. The spatial filter is here emulated with a CCD camera, and is tested on speckles arising from a real application. The analysis discusses the selectivity of the spatial filter, the nonlinear response between speckle motion and observation distance, and the influence of the distance-dependent speckle size. Experiments with the emulated filters illustrate performance and potential applications of the technology.

Field of study: Physics
Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation

Minimizing the deleterious environmental impacts of logging and other silvicultural treatments is the primary conservation goal in tropical forests managed for timber production. While it is always environmentally beneficial to minimize unnecessary damage, more intensive silviculture should not be discouraged in tropical forests in which regeneration and growth of commercially valuable timber species requires such treatments. Failing to regenerate commercial species may render forests more susceptible to conversion to other, more lucrative land uses. Increasing the intensity of silviculture may also decrease the total area of forest exploited for timber, thereby reducing the impacts of over-hunting, timber theft, wildfires, colonization, and conversion, which are facilitated by the increased accessibility of logged areas.

Field of study: Environmental science
“Jewish” Names and MMPI Items

It was hypothesized that an MMPI scale could be developed that would discriminate between those bearing names usually considered Jewish and those bearing ( a ) names usually considered Welsh, Scottish, Irish, or Scandinavian; ( b ) or those bearing names neither German in origin nor manifestly Jewish. I t was further hypothesized that such items, if found, would mark those with such "Jewish" names as showing greater religious, social, and political liberalism, higher achievement motivation, higher anxiety level, with an urban predilection (as opposed to the rural), and greater concern for things intellectual and artistic. Fi-fty MMPI records of college males with names considered Jewish and 50 records of males with Welsh, Irish, Scottish, and Scandinavian names were subjected to item analysis. The women were similarly treated, with 50 in each group. Only those items were retained which went in a similar direction for men and women in the two contrasting groups. By this technique, a scale of 36 items was developed. This 36-item scale was next applied to a validation group of 600: ( 1 ) 100 males with names considered Jewish, ( 2 ) 100 similar females, ( 3 ) 100 males with names classified as Welsh, Scottish, Irish, and Scandinavian, ( 4 ) 100 analogous females, ( 5 ) 100 males with names neither patently Jewish nor German, ( 6 ) 100 similar females. "Jewish" females were discriminated from Group 4 (Mz = 16.42; M., = 15.47; 1 = 2.32; P = .02) and from Group 6 (M,; = 15.66; t = 1.98; P = .05) , where fewer restrictions obtained as to name origin. Male "Jews" showed significant mean differences when compared with both criterion groups ( M I = 16.51; MI< = 15.27; M, = 15.23; ts = 3.02, 2.84; both Ps = .01) . When both sexes were combined, the "Jewish" mean was 16.47; Groups 3 and 4, 15.37; Groups 5 and 6, 15.45; ts = 3.79, 3.40; both Ps = .001) . The 11 items from the 3G-itel11 scale which showed [he greatest discrimination value between "Jews" and their controls were now selected and re-applied to the entire validating group of 600. This shorter list was just as valid as the entire 36 items. Eight of these 11 items appear to fall under certain of the predicted rubrics: ( 1 ) greater religious liberalism, ( 2 ) urban orientation, ( 3 ) achievement level, and ( 4 ) manifest anxiety.' The two original hypotheses appear, therefore, to have some modicum of vindicq ,tlon.

Field of study: Psychology
STUDY ON THE PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE BY VARIATIONAL LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM METHOD

Using the limit equilibrium approach,the problem of passive earth pressure on rigid retaining wall is formulated in terms of variation calculus with Lagrange multipliers,and is transformed as the functional extreme-value problem of two variables.It is further transformed into the solution of extreme value of restrained functions incorporating the geometrical relations of the forces.Computation results show that there exist two kinds of failure modes-sliding along a plane surface(translation)and rotation along a log-spiral cylinder surface(rotation)when the soil behind retaining walls reaches critical passive state.In the translational failure mode,the passive earth pressure coincides with the theories of Coulomb(1776)and Rankine(1857);in rotational failure mode,the passive earth pressure agrees well with that of Chen(1975)and Sokolovskii(1956).Comparisons with measured data indicate that the ordered real number pair predicted by the two theoretical theories can be regarded as an interval estimation of passive pressure,which comprises the earth pressures on the rigid retaining wall with any wall movement.

Field of study: Engineering
Petrological, geochemical, isotopic, and geochronological constraints for the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous magmatism in SW Gondwana (27–32°LS): an example of geodynamic switching

We report a study integrating 13 new U–Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon ages and Hf-isotope data from dated magmatic zircons together with complete petrological and whole-rock geochemistry data for the dated granitic rocks. Sample selection was strongly based on knowledge reported in previous investigations. Latest Devonian–Early Carboniferous granite samples were collected along a transect of ~ 900 km, from the inner continental region (present-day Eastern Sierras Pampeanas) to the magmatic arc (now Western Sierras Pampeanas and Frontal Cordillera). Based on these data together with ca. 100 published whole-rock geochemical analyses we conclude that Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous magmatism at this latitude represents continuous activity (ranging from 322 to 379 Ma) on the pre-Andean margin of SW Gondwana, although important whole-rock and isotopic compositional variations occurred through time and space. Combined whole-rock chemistry and isotope data reveal that peraluminous A-type magmatism started in the intracontinental region during the Late Devonian, with subsequent development of synchronous Carboniferous peraluminous and metaluminous A-type magmatism in the retro-arc region and calc-alkaline magmatism in the western paleomargin. We envisage that magmatic evolution was mainly controlled by episodic fluctuations in the angle of subduction of the oceanic plate (between flat-slab and normal subduction), supporting a geodynamic switching model. Subduction fluctuations were relatively fast (ca. 7 Ma) during the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous, and the complete magmatic switch-off and switch-on process lasted for ~ 57 Ma. Hf TDM values of zircon (igneous and inherited) from some Carboniferous peraluminous A-type granites in the retro-arc suggest that Gondwana continental lithosphere formed during previous orogenies was partly the source of the Devonian–Carboniferous granitic magmas, thus precluding the generation of the parental magmas from exotic terranes.

Field of study: Environmental science
Serum autoantibodies in hepatitis associated antigen (HAA) positive patients. A possible index of cell-mediated immunity to the associated-infective agent.

Serafrom134HAA positive patients havebeenstudied forthepresence ofa variety ofautoantibodies. Thepatients weredivided intogroups dependent on theclinicopathological severity oftheassociated liver disease. Bothsmooth muscle antibody andrheumatoid factor werefoundinallgroups ofpatients. However, their incidence andtitre washigher inthegroups ofpatients whohadclinical andpathological evidence ofthemoreactive liver cell damage. Asautoantibodies inviral infections maybeanindex ofthepresence ofcell mediated immunity to thecausative infective agent these results could support thehypothesis thatcell mediated immunity isimportant inthepathogenesis ofliver cell damage inHAA positive patients.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Early Modern English Catholicism: Identity, Memory and Counter-Reformation. James E. Kelly and Susan Royal, eds. Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700. Leiden: Brill, 2017. xiv + 260 pp. $150.

searcher on these subjects, and it shows. His command of the Henrician sources is especially valuable in discussions of the early days of the reforms. For instance, his “Pathways to Conversion” shows how Protestantism attracted individuals “for a convert’s radical rejection of the old and familiar could not come out of nowhere . . . it must somehow be grounded in earlier attitudes and experiences” (137). Old and new forms of religious dissent were meshing in the late 1520s. If you want a book introducing the historiography, this is not it. But if you want a book that tells the story in a powerful, effective way, held together with an excellent thesis and illustrative anecdotes, this will serve you well. I foresee that this will become a standard text for those who teach the English Reformation.

Field of study: History
Recent Submergence of Southern Florida: A Comparison with Adjacent Coasts and Other Eustatic Data

Submergence data gathered in southern Florida indicate that approximately 4400 years ago (in terms of radiocarbon years) sea level was about 4 m lower than today9s level. Between 4400 and 3500 B.P., sea level rose at a rate close to 30 cm/100 years (1.0 foot/century). About 3500 B.P., when sea level stood 1.6 m below its contemporary position, the rate of rise diminished by a factor of five; since 1700 B.P., the rate of rise has averaged only about 3 cm/100 years (0.1 foot/century). Because a considerable body of evidence points to the probable tectonic stability of southern Florida in Recent time, the recorded submergence is regarded as a measure of an eustatic change in sea level. The Florida submergence curve shows that sea level has risen more or less steadily to its present level during the last 4400 years. This differs significantly from the hypothesis that sea level rose 2–4 m above its present position during this time. The Florida submergence data also do not support a strict interpretation of the stable sea-level hypothesis, i.e., that sea level reached its present position (and maintained it) sometime between 3000 and 5000 years ago.

Field of study: Geology
Research progress of the effect of metal cations on the viscosity of polyacrylamide solution

The effect of metal cations on the viscosity of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution( HPAM) are reviewed,the viscosity reduction of HPAM caused by metal cations with different valences are explained,and the technology of metal cations removal applied in oilfield produced water treatment are introduced. The present problems and the development prospect of the interaction between HPAM and metal cations are put forward.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
ACTIVE MEDIA AND PUMPING METHODS: Contribution of the components of a binary solution to stimulated emission due to flashlamp excitation

A study was made of the contribution of electronic excitation energy transfer processes and the gain factor to the stimulated emission from various ethanol solutions of rhodamine and oxazine dyes due to flashlamp excitation. A method is proposed for calculation of the power density of the radiation absorbed by the acceptor molecules taking into account energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor and overlap of their gain spectra. Estimates are also made of the direct contribution of the excited donor molecules to the stimulated emission flux in the acceptor band. The calculated values are compared with the relative change in the output power of the mixture due to the introduction of a donor component into the active solution.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Flatness Control based on Improved Genetic Algorithm to Optimize the Neural Network

The system of automatic flatness control is a multi-input and multi-output nonlinear system with strong coupling,therefore,it is difficult to build an accurate mathematical model,the control method of general routine is difficult to obtain satisfactory control effect.Based on the local rolling data,this thesis puts forward a method of using neural network which is optimized by adaptive competition genetic algorithm for modeling the cold rolling,then using fuzzy control realize the real-time control,the simulation results of MATLAB programming show the effectiveness and timeliness of the algorithm.

Field of study: Materials science
“A Woman Question and a Race Problem”: Attending to Intersectionality in Children’s Literature

Historical narratives of Black women often focus solely on racial discrimination without acknowledging the structural and systemic gender-based discrimination they faced. Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality draws upon decades of Black feminist scholarship delineating how Black women experience systemic oppression on account of both their race and gender simultaneously and can serve as an important framework to guide more critical conversations related to the long civil right movement. This article considers how three picturebook biographies about Black women who are often overlooked in early social studies education can powerfully demonstrate the intersectional roles of racism and sexism in their lived experiences.

Field of study: Sociology
Rooting-Based Harmonic Retrieval Using Multiple Shift-Invariances: The Complete and the Incomplete Sample Cases

In the present paper, we propose a novel method for estimating one-dimensional damped and undamped harmonics. Our method utilizes the multiple shift-invariance property comprised in the signal model. We develop a new rank-reduction estimator which is formed as the weighted sum of the individual matrix polynomials obtained from individual shift-invariance equations. The uniqueness conditions for the proposed rank-reduction criteria are derived under the assumption that all samples are available. Moreover, a novel technique for the incomplete data case, where some samples are missing, is presented. In this case, the rank-reduction estimator may suffer from ambiguities. To overcome this problem, we propose an extension of the rank-reduction estimator that is based on polynomial intersection and the properties of the Sylvester matrix. The latter algorithm yields unique estimates of the damped harmonics. The proposed high-resolution techniques are search-free and therefore, they enjoy moderate computational complexity.

Field of study: Engineering
SDSS IV MaNGA - Rotation velocity lags in the extraplanar ionized gas from MaNGA observations of edge-on galaxies

We present a study of the kinematics of the extraplanar ionized gas around several dozen galaxies observed by the Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We considered a sample of 67 edge-on galaxies out of more than 1400 extragalactic targets observed by MaNGA, in which we found 25 galaxies (or 37%) with regular lagging of the rotation curve at large distances from the galactic midplane. We model the observed $H\alpha$ emission velocity fields in the galaxies, taking projection effects and a simple model for the dust extinction into the account. We show that the vertical lag of the rotation curve is necessary in the modeling, and estimate the lag amplitude in the galaxies. We find no correlation between the lag and the star formation rate in the galaxies. At the same time, we report a correlation between the lag and the galactic stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, and axial ratio of the light distribution. These correlations suggest a possible higher ratio of infalling-to-local gas in early-type disk galaxies or a connection between lags and the possible presence of hot gaseous halos, which may be more prevalent in more massive galaxies. These results again demonstrate that observations of extraplanar gas can serve as a potential probe for accretion of gas.

Field of study: Physics
Fast Event Recorder Utilizing a CCD Analog Shift Register

A system of electronics has been developed to allow the capture and recording of relatively fast, low-amplitude analog events. The heart of the system is a dual 455-cell analog shift register charge-coupled device, Fairchild CCD321ADC-3. The CCD is operated in a dual clock mode. The input is sampled at a selectable clock rate of .25-20 MHz. The stored analog data is then clocked out at a slower rate, typically about .25 MHz. The time base expansion of the analog data allows for analog-to-digital conversion and memory storage using conventional medium-speed devices. The digital data is sequentially loaded into a static RAM and may then be block transferred to a computer. The analog electronics are housed in a single-width NIM module, and the RAM memory in a single-width CAMAC module. Each pair of modules provides six parallel channels. Cost is about $200.00 per channel. Applications are described for ionization imaging (TPC, IRC) and long-drift calorimetry in liquid argon.

Field of study: Physics
Re-evaluation of using rhodolith growth patterns for paleoenvironmental reconstruction: An example from the Gulf of Panama

Rhodoliths are a proxy data source for understanding environment and climate variation in tropical to arctic oceans. A clear understanding of growth pattern and rate is required to interpret time-series proxy data. Variability in growth on multiple-axes of a single rhodolith has not been extensively studied. This investigation compares algal band counting and dating methods found in the literature, and has implications for detecting biases in branch selection for growth and geochemical analyses. Panamanian rhodoliths (Lithothamnion sp.) were collected at the Archipelago de Las Perlas, Gulf of Panama (GOP). Alizarin Red S (ARS) stain was used to study growth rates and banding patterns for 10 branched samples randomly selected for microcosm experiments over a 172-day period. DNA analysis was used to help determine the dominant species present in the sample group and reduce the possibility of inter-sample variation. Samples were overturned every 2 weeks for a multi-axial growth test and were grown under ambient seawater conditions except for the addition of LED lighting. Growth post-ARS staining was measured along the long (A), intermediate (B), and short (C) axes. Bisected branches show banding correlated with growth rate while banding was highly variable within an individual and between individuals. Average growth band widths in both the pre- and post-ARS stained growth were approximately the same, suggesting that non-environmental factors, such as overturning or biological influences, can cause the formation of growth increments. Differences in growth pattern and rate suggest that careful inspection of growth formation is needed before pursuing rhodolith-based time series proxy research.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography