nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the Client Resistance Scale

This study examines (a) the psychometric properties of the Client Resistance Scale (CRS) and (b) how client resistance manifests as a function of client, therapist, and therapist response mode. The CRS is composed of 5 subscales that are based on R. R. Greenson's (1967) formulation of client resistance (i.e., Opposing Expression of Painful Affect,  Change, and Opposing Insight). Master's-level judges rated client speaking turns for 6 sessions with 6 expert therapists (i.e., Beck, Ellis, Meichenbaum, Perls, Rogers, and Strupp). Results indicated that (a) the CRS subscales were reliable with 3 and 4 judges, (b) the 5 subscales were significantly positively correlated with each other, and (c) client resistance differed as a function of client, therapist, and therapist response mode. Client resistance is a central concept in analytic psychotherapy (Greenson, 1967), and it is important in other psychotherapy models such as cognitive-behavioral (Goldfried, 1982; Meichenbaum & Gilmore, 1982), gestalt (Breshgold, 1989), and rational-emotive therapy (Ellis, 1985). Arguably, the most lucid and thorough discussion of client resistance has been presented by Greenson. Greenson detailed the purposes of resistance, described its manifestation in therapeutic work, and discussed several strategies for working with client resistance. Specifically, Greenson (1967) observed that "resistance opposes the analytic procedure, the analyst, and the patient's reasonable ego. Resistance defends the neurosis, the old, the familiar, and the infantile from exposure and change" (p. 77). In this article, Greenson's (1967) language is recast to be inclusive of nonanalytic approaches and to incorporate the motivation for resistance (i.e., the avoidance of painful affect; Freud, 1901/1960; Greenson, 1967). As such, the following formulation of resistance is presented: With its motivation being the avoidance of painful affect, resistance opposes the client's recollection of therapeutic material, as well as the therapist's efforts, change, and insight. A survey of the literature on client resistance supports the five dimensions identified in this formulation.

Field of study: Psychology
Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Adult Metabolic Syndrome With Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Pig Models

Epidemiological data have indicated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a risk factor for the adult metabolic syndrome in pigs. However, the causative genetic mechanism leading to the phenotype in adulthood has not been well characterized. In the present study, both normal and IUGR adult pigs were used as models to survey the differences in global gene expression in livers through transcriptome sequencing. The transcriptome libraries generated 104.54 gb of data. In normal and IUGR pigs, 16,948 and 17,078 genes were expressed, respectively. A total of 1,322 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that the top overrepresented gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways were related to oxidoreductase activity, ATPase activity, amino catabolic process, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling pathway. The increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and decreased glycogen synthesis in the liver contributed to the glucose intolerance observed in IUGR. The reduced expression of insulin signaling genes (such as PI3K and AKT) indicated an elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adult IUGR pigs and valuable information for future studies of therapeutic intervention in IUGR metabolic syndrome.

Field of study: Biology
TheQEC dependence of evidence for a 17-keV neutrino from the55Fe radiative decay

The internal bremsstrahlung spectrum of55Fe was studied using HPGe detector in low background and reduced pileup conditions. The data show that the conclusion on the presence of a heavy mass neutrino strongly depends from the experimental decay energy value taken in the analysis. The decay energy was found to beQEC=231.37 ± 0.10 keV. The obtained results also show the need for the higher accuracyQEC used in the analysis of the existence of a 17-keV neutrino in the55Fe decay.

Field of study: Physics
De wetsmetaforen van Hannah Arendt. Passages en commentaren

Hannah Arendt is een van de belangrijkste politieke denkers van de vorige eeuw. Zij schreef echter geen systematische rechtstheoretische verhandeling, vergelijkbaar met Harts Concept of Law of Kelsens Reine Rechtslehre. Reden waarom de rechtsfilosofische literatuur Arendt niet tot de canon van te behandelen denkers rekende, geobsedeerd als de beoefenaren van deze discipline waren door de aloude controverse tussen positivisme en natuurrecht waarin Arendt moeilijk te situeren is. In haar politieke filosofie komt Arendt intussen voortdurend in aanraking met het recht omdat de grote politieke problemen van haar tijd ook de brandende kwesties zijn van het recht. Als zij schrijft over totalitarisme, geweld, macht, bureaucratie, revolutie, gezag, constituties, verantwoordelijkheid en oordeelsvermogen komt zij dan uiteraard ook te spreken over wat wetten en regels zijn, over wat mensen ermee uithalen, over de verschillen tussen regimes, over de juridische voorwaarden voor politiek handelen en over het rechterlijk oordeel. Passages over het recht staan in haar werk echter niet op zichzelf, ze worden geen zelfstandig onderwerp dat van een politieke aanleiding geabstraheerd wordt. De politieke of historische context blijft bepalend. Vaak schrijft Arendt over het recht in korte, verhelderende fragmenten die hooguit enkele bladzijden beslaan; als onderdeel van een uiteenzetting. Zij geeft de voorkeur aan de metafoor boven de definitie, het begrijpen van recht en onrecht boven de dogmatiek van het wetsbegrip, aan diepgaande politieke analyse boven de rechtvaardigheidstheorie. Deze stijl van werken is voor de rechtsfilosofie alleen al waardevol als complement op de meer theoretische exercities die onder die noemer plaatsvinden. Ik zal echter proberen te laten zien dat wat Arendt opmerkt wanneer zij in haar politieke beschouwingen in aanraking komt met het recht ook een aantal gangbare R&R 2003 / 3

Field of study: Philosophy
Application of TXRF in monitoring trace metals in particulate matter and cloud water

Ambient particulate matter and cloud trace metals are considered key elements of atmospheric processes as they affect air quality, environmental ecosystems and play an important role in cloud formation. However, they are often available at trace concentrations in these media such that their analysis requires high precision and sensitive techniques. In this study, different analytical methods were applied to quantify trace metals in particulate matter samples collected on quartz and polycarbonate filters as well as cloud water, using the Total reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) technique. These methods considered the direct measurement of filter samples with and without chemical pretreatment. Direct measurements involved analysis of as collected polycarbonate and cloud water samples after they are brought onto TXRF carrier substrates. For the chemical treatment, different acid digestion procedures for PM on Quartz filters were assessed including reverse aqua regia, nitric acid and a combination of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution. The effect of cold-plasma treatment of samples on polycarbonate filters prior to TXRF measurements was also investigated. Digestion with the reverse aqua regia solution provided lower blanks and higher recovery in comparison to other tested procedures. The detection limits of the elements ranged from 0.3 to 44 ng/cm2. Ca, K, Zn, and Fe showed the highest detection limits of 44, 35, 6 and 1 ng/cm2 while As and Se had the lowest of 0.3 and 0.8 ng/cm2, respectively. The method showed higher recovery for most trace metals when applied to commercially available reference materials and field samples. TXRF measurements showed good agreement with results obtained from ion chromatography measurements for elements such as Ca and K. Cold plasma treatment did not significantly lead to an increase in the detected concentration and the results were element-specific. Backing of the quartz filters prior to sampling showed a reduction of more than 20 % of the filter blanks for elements such as V, Sr, Mn, Zn, Sb. The methods were applied successfully on ambient particulate matter and cloud water samples collected from the Atlas Mohammed V (AM5) station in Morocco and the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO). The obtained concentrations were within the range reported using different techniques from similar remote and background regions elsewhere, especially for elements of anthropogenic origins such as V, Pb, and Zn with concentrations of up to 10, 19 and 28 ng/cm2, respectively. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that crustal matter dominated the abundance of most of the elements while anthropogenic activities also contributed to the abundance of elements such as Sb, Se, and Pb. The results confirm that TXRF is a useful complementary sensitive technique for trace metal analysis of particulate matter in the microgram range as well as in cloud water droplets.

Field of study: Environmental science
Preparation of polyethylene glycol/silicon dioxide phase change materials

This paper deals with the preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) composites as shape-stable, solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage and determination of their thermal properties.The result showed that it was successful to keep the same shape in the solid state by making PEG adsorbed on microporous SiO2 network even when the temperature of the PCM was over the melting point.The PCM also had favorable heat capacity and high thermal conductivity, which could be used in solar energy and some other applications.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Determination of antimicrobial peptides activity

The condition of detecting antimicrobial peptides activities that produced by lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 by agar diffussion assay were studied,the sample was Nisin.The optimal detecting conditions are as follows:No.2 medium,0.75% agar concentration,bacillus subtilis suspension concentration of 106cfu/mL.Under this condition,peptides activities is 1.6×104IU/g.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Wine Marketing: Consumer Persuasion Through The Region Of Origin

The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the communication of the region of origin in print advertising messages for wine bearing a GI label. An experimental design was used to manipulate the region of origin presentation in print advertisement (absent vs pictorial vs pictorial-textual) while measuring participant’s attitude towards the advertisement and purchase intention. Results provide empirical support to the appropriateness of highlighting the geographical area by combining textual – pictorial cues to induce a positive attitude towards the advertisement and purchase intention in consumers. The paper has useful implications for both marketing academics and professionals.

Field of study: Business
Quantum dephasing of interacting quantum dot induced by the superconducting proximity effect

The proximity effect (PE) between superconductor and confined electrons can induce the effective pairing phenomena of electrons in nanowire or quantum dot (QD). Through interpreting the PE as an exchange of virtually quasi-excitation in a largely gapped superconductor, we found that there exists another induced dynamic process. Unlike the effective pairing that mixes the QD electron states coherently, this extra process leads to dephasing of the QD. In a case study, the dephasing time is inversely proportional to the Coulomb interaction strength between two electrons in the QD. Further theoretical investigations imply that this dephasing effect can decrease the quality of the zero temperature mesoscopic electron transportation measurements by lowering and broadening the corresponding differential conductance peaks.

Field of study: Physics
Non-Aligned Distribution Distance using Metric Measure Embedding and Optimal Transport

We propose a novel approach for comparing distributions whose supports do not necessarily lie on the same metric space. Unlike Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance that compares pair-wise distance of elements from each distribution, we consider a method that embeds the metric measure spaces in a common Euclidean space and computes an optimal transport (OT) on the embedded distributions. This leads to what we call a sub-embedding robust Wasserstein (SERW). Under some conditions, SERW is a distance that considers an OT distance of the (low-distorted) embedded distributions using a common metric. In addition to this novel proposal that generalizes several recent OT works, our contributions stand on several theoretical analyses: i) we characterize the embedding spaces to define SERW distance for distribution alignment; ii) we prove that SERW mimics almost the same properties of GW distance, and we give a cost relation between GW and SERW. The paper also provides some numerical experiments illustrating how SERW behaves on matching problems in real-world.

Field of study: Computer science
3-SAT Problem Solving Based on Genetic and Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Satisfiability problems(SAT) is a very important core problem in computer science,whether it can quickly solve problems of the current study is one of the research hot spots.Introduces the Johnson algorithm,genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm,and compares the characteristics of the three algorithms.Puts forward a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm based on the merits of the comprehensive GA,SA algorithm.Numerical results show that,compared with Johnson algorithm,using heuristic(SA,GA) algorithm can significantly improve the quality and speed of 3-SAT problem solution.

Field of study: Computer science
Medical Cytogenetics in Family Practice.

The growth of medical cytogenetics during the past 25 years has shown that the medical significance of the human chromosomal diseases vary with their frequency. This growth depended on the development and application of newer cytogenetic techniques such as autoradiography and various banding techniques, which permitted the detection of more subtle chromosomal abnormalities within individual chromosomes such as deletions, inversions and duplications, which by conventional staining techniques looked normal. The future of medical cytogenetics may lie in genetic engineering, screening the environment for carcinogens and a better understanding of the nature of the aging process.

Field of study: Medicine
SU‐FF‐T‐32: Optimized Dose Distribution of Gammamed Plus Vaginal Cylinders

The aim of this study was to optimize dose distribution for Gammamed plus vaginal cylinders and the placement of dose optimization points was evaluated for its effect on optimized dose distributions.  The HDR source travels through the central tandem, distal to proximal, stopping at dwell positions defined by step sizes. Two different dose optimization point models were used in this study namely, non apex (dose optimization points only on periphery) and apex (dose optimization points on periphery and along the curvature including the apex points). Thirteen dwell positions were used for the HDR dosimetry to obtain a 6 cm active length. Diameters of vaginal cylinders varied from 2.0 to 4.0 cm. Iterative optimization routine was utilized for all optimizations. The effects of various optimization routines (iterative, geometric, equal times) was studied for the 3.0 cm diameter vaginal cylinder. The effect of source travel step size on the optimized dose distributions for vaginal cylinders was also evaluated.  For both non‐apex and apex models of vaginal cylinders, doses for apex point and three dome points were higher for apex model compared to non‐apex model. Mean doses to the optimization points for both the cylinder models and all the cylinder diameters were 6 Gy matching with the prescription dose of 6.00 Gy. Iterative optimization routine resulted in the highest dose to apex point and dome points. The mean dose for optimization point was 6.01 Gy for iterative optimization and was much higher than 5.74 Gy for geometric and equal times routines.  In our study best doses were obtained for the optimization points for 1 cm step size and iterative optimization routine for the apex model vaginal cylinder. Selection of dose optimization points for the derivation of optimized dose distributions for vaginal cylinders affects the dose distributions.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Knowledge Is Money

The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is the largest cash transfer program for low-income parents in the United States.1 The refundable tax credit supplements wages and offsets taxes paid by low-income workers. Research suggests that the EITC has not only been effective in moving families over the poverty line, but has also encouraged work among single mothers.2 Recipients use money from the EITC for investments in education and savings as well as to help pay for daily living expenses and bills.3 The EITC is administered through the federal income tax system. To receive the credit, low-income workers must file a tax return, even if they are other-

Field of study: Political science
The Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale: development, reliability, and norms for diverse treated and untreated populations.

Affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an important variable to measure in many clinical and research activities. This paper reports on the development of an AA affiliation scale, and demonstrates its utility in a sample of 927 alcohol treatment seekers and 674 untreated problem drinkers. The scale is short (9 items), covers a range of AA experiences, and is internally consistent across diverse demographic groups, multiple health services settings, and treated and untreated populations. The validity of the scale is supported by the findings that treatment seekers report significantly higher AA affiliation than do untreated problem drinkers, and inpatients report higher affiliation than outpatients. Potential clinical and research applications of the scale are proposed.

Field of study: Medicine
Impact of Pad Conditioning on Thickness Profile Control in Chemical Mechanical Planarization

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) has been proven to be the best method to achieve within-wafer and within-die uniformity for multilevel metallization. Decreasing device dimensions and increasing wafer sizes continuously demand better planarization, which necessitates better understanding of all the variables of the CMP process. A recently highlighted critical factor, pad conditioning, affects the pad surface profile and consequently the wafer profile; in addition, it reduces defects by refreshing the pad surface during polishing. This work demonstrates the changes in the postpolish wafer profile as a function of pad wear. It also introduces a wafer material removal rate profile model based on the locally relevant Preston equation by estimating the pad thickness profile as a function of polishing time. The result is a dynamic predictor of how the wafer removal rate profile shifts as the pad ages. The model helps fine-tune the pad conditioner operating characteristics without the requirement for costly and lengthy experiments. The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by experiments as well as data from a real production line. Both experimental data and simulations indicate that the smaller conditioning disk size and extended conditioning sweep range help improve the post-CMP wafer planarization. However, the defectivity tends to increase when the conditioning disk sweeps out of the pad radius; hence, the pad conditioning needs to be designed by considering the specific requirements of the CMP process conducted. The presented model predicts the process outcomes without requiring detailed experimentation.

Field of study: Materials science
Acquisition of the constraints on wanna contraction by advanced second language learners: Universal grammar and imperfect knowledge

Contraction of want to to wanna is subject to constraints that have been related to the operation of Universal Grammar. Contraction appears to be blocked when the trace of an extracted wh-word intervenes. Evidence for knowledge of these constraints by young English-speaking children has been taken to show the operation of Universal Grammar in early child language acquisition. The present study investigates knowledge of these constraints in adults, both English native speakers and advanced Korean learners of English. The results of three experiments — using elicited production, oral repair, and grammaticality judgments — confirmed native speaker knowledge of the constraints. A second process of phonological elision may also operate to produce wanna. Learners also showed some differentiation of contexts, but much less clearly than native speakers. We speculate that non-natives may be using rules of complement selection, rather than the constraints of Universal Grammar (UG) to control contraction.

Field of study: Linguistics
Post deposition UV-induced O2 annealing of HfO2 thin films

UV-assisted annealing processes for thin oxide films is an alternative to conventional thermal annealing and has shown many advantages such as low annealing temperature, reducing annealing time and easy to control. We report in this work the deposition of ultra-thin HfO2 films on silicon substrate by two CVD techniques, namely thermal CVD and photo-induced CVD using 222 nm excimer lamps at 400 °C. As-deposited films of around 10 nm in thickness with refractive indices from 1.72 to 1.80 were grown. The deposition rate measured by ellipsometry was found to be about 2 nm/min by UV-CVD, while the deposition rate by thermal CVD is 20% less than that by UV-CVD. XRD showed that the as-deposited HfO2 films were amorphous. This work focuses on the effect of post deposition UV annealing in oxygen on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the HfO2 films at low temperature (400 °C). Investigation of the interfacial layer by FTIR revealed that thickness of the interfacial SiO2 layer slightly increases with the UV-annealing time and UV annealing can convert sub-oxides at the interface into stoichiometric SiO2, leading to improved interfacial qualities. The permittivity ranges in 8–16, are lower than theoretical values. However, the post deposition UV O2 annealing results in an improvement in effective breakdown field and calculated permittivity, and a reduction in leakage current density for the HfO2 films.

Field of study: Engineering