nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Public Power Essence of State Equity Capital and Private Legal Application

The state equity capital is the form of transformation about the national proprietorship of the juridical person system. The public law origination, public benefit operation, ideology publicity all essentially belong to the national public power. But in juridical person system's internal movement process and market environment, the state equity capital must maintain the private law characteristics. There is vital significance in the confirmation of the essence of state equity capital and the movement mode of private law, perfection of national proprietorship system and state enterprise corporation governance system.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Mechanisms of formation of periodic structures under the action of radiation on absorbing condensed media

A theoretical analysis is made of the relative importance of the various mechanisms of formation of a periodic microrelief on the surface of an absorbing medium subjected to pulsed high-intensity monochromatic radiation. A linear approximation in respect of the amplitude of a surface perturbation is used to find the depth of spatial modulation of the absorbed intensity as a function of the optical parameters of the medium. It is shown that hydrodynamic effects in a molten layer on an irradiated surface may play an important role in the formation of a surface relief.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Effect of red cell transfusions, thymic hormone and deoxycytidine in severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency.

A child with severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency was treated with thymic hormone (TP1) alone, thymic hormone with red cell transfusions and finally with a combination of these and parenteral deoxycytidine. TP1 alone produced no benefit while the addition of red cell transfusions resulted in only partial immunological restoration despite improvement in clinical and biochemical findings. Deoxycytidine given subcutaneously produced no additional benefit in any of the parameters measured.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Student Health Service

Confidentiality of Medical Information Student Health Services medical records are confidential. Information will not be released without written consent except as required by law.  State students who pay the mandated Student Health Fee (http:// health.sfsu.edu/content/new-student-frequently-asked-questions/ #WhatIsTheStudentHealthFee) can receive health services at SHS. A current student ID must be shown before receiving services.

Field of study: Education
Study of Gravity Effects on Titanium Laser Welding in the Vertical Position

To obtain satisfactory welds in positional laser beam welding, it is necessary to know how process parameters will influence the quality of welds in different welding positions. In this study, the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V sheets were laser welded in two vertical welding positions (vertical up and vertical down), and the appearance, porosity, strength, and ductility of the laser joints were evaluated. Results show that undercuts of the vertical up welds were greater than that of vertical down welds, while the porosity contents were much higher in vertical down welds than that in vertical up welds. When welding with a higher heat input, the vertical up welding position resulted in poor weld profiles (undercuts and burn-through holes), whereas the vertical down welding position led to excessive porosity contents in welds. Both severe undercut and excessive porosity were detrimental to the tensile properties of the welds. Weld appearance was improved and porosity contents were reduced by using a lower heat input, achieving better weld quality. Therefore, it is suggested that process parameter settings with relatively high laser powers and welding speeds, which can result in lower heat inputs, are used when laser welding the Ti6Al4V titanium alloys vertically.

Field of study: Materials science
Comparison of the Potency of 8-L-Arginine, 8-D-Arginine and 8-D-Homoarginine Vasopressin Analogs with Substituted Phenylalanine in Position 2

An analysis of the uterotonic potencies of all analogs having substituted L- or D-tyrosine or -phenylalanine in position 2 and L-arginine, D-arginine or D-homoarginine in position 8 was made. The series of analogs already published was completed by the solid phase synthesis of ten new analogs having L- or D-Phe, L- or D-Phe(2-Et), L- or D-Phe(2,4,6-triMe) or D-Tyr(Me) in position 2 and either L- or D-arginine in position 8. All newly synthesized analogs were found to be uterotonic inhibitors. Deamination increases both the agonistic and antagonistic potency. In the case of phenylalanine analogs the change of configuration from L to D in position 2 enhances the uterotonic inhibition for more than 1 order of magnitude. The L to D change in position 8 enhances the inhibitory potency negligibly. Prolongation of the side chain of the D-basic amino acid in position 8 seems to decrease slightly the inhibitory potency if there is L-substituted amino acid in position 2. On the other hand there is a tendency to the increase of the inhibitory potency if there is D-substituted amino acid in position 2.

Field of study: Chemistry
Factors Affecting Loyalty Customer Services Banking Industry in East Java

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors contained in the quality of services and how these factors influence the underlying between the formation of customer loyalty in the banking services industry.This study is designed for internal and external customers banking is also seen as internal and external customer banking. Respondents of this research there are two types of internal respondents with a sample of 152 people and external respondents with a sample of 198 people, the number of total samples of 350 people in the banking industry in East Java. Data was collected through a questionnaire with statements that refer to Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using AMOS program.The results showed that the image of the organization significantly influence customer expectations and customer value, organizational image does not affect the customer's satisfaction. Internal service quality significantly influence employee satisfaction and employee satisfaction significantly influence the quality of external services. External service quality effect on customer value. Customer expectations significantly influence the external service quality and value for the customer but the customer expectations significant negative effect on customer satisfaction. Value customers significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction significantly influence customer loyalty.

Field of study: Business
Noise overstimulation induces immediate early genes in the rat cochlea.

In mammals, exposure to intense noise produces a permanent hearing loss called permanent threshold shift (PTS), whereas a moderate noise produces only a temporary threshold shift (TTS). Little is known about the molecular responses to such high intensity noise exposures. In this study we used gene arrays to examine the early response to acoustic overstimulation in the rat cochlea. We compared cochlear RNA from noise-exposed rats with RNA from unexposed controls. The intense PTS noise induced several immediate early genes encoding both transcription factors (c-FOS, EGR1, NUR77/TR3) and cytokines (PC3/BTG2, LIF and IP10). In contrast, the TTS noise down-regulated the gene for growth hormone. The response of these genes to different noise intensities was examined by quantitative RT-PCR 2.5 h after the 90-min noise exposure. For most genes, the extent of induction correlates with the intensity of the noise exposure. Three proteins (EGR1, NUR77/TR3, and IP10) were detected in many regions of the unexposed cochlea. After exposure to 120 dB noise, these proteins were present at higher levels or showed extended expression in additional regions of the cochlea. LIF was undetectable in the cochlea of unexposed rats, but could be seen in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons following noise. NUR77/TR3 was a nuclear protein before noise, but following noise translocated to the cytoplasm. These studies provide new insights into the molecular response to noise overstimulation in the mammalian cochlea.

Field of study: Biology
What do mesons have to do with nuclear structure

The theory of nuclear structure (binding, low energy spectra, transitions, etc.) depends on nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The meson theory of NN interactions has predictive power for NN scattering, and partial success when applied to the theory of nuclear structure. Is it possible to test this theoretical picture -- by direct experimental interaction with mesons in nuclei? Some experimental searches for the `pion excess' in nuclei have ambiguous results. How sensitive are such experiments to the mesonic aspects of nuclear structure? These questions are addressed in this talk. More details and references are given in Reference .

Field of study: Physics
Characterization of rhizobia homologues of Sinorhizobium meliloti insertion sequences ISRm3 and ISRm4

Homologues to Sinorhizobium meliloti insertion sequences ISRm3 and ISRm4 were found within Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae field populations. Similarly, homologous sequences to S. meliloti ISRm4 were found in S. fredii strains. Based on the polymerase chain reaction, we cloned and partially sequenced some of these putative insertion sequence elements. DNA sequence comparisons indicate that S. meliloti and R. leguminosarum ISRm3-type elements are closely related whereas the ISRm4 homologues show distinct relationships. In addition, specific primers for PCR recognition of ISRm3 and ISRm4 elements in rhizobia species and S. meliloti ISRm6 were designed.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Real-time ventilation control based on a Bayesian estimation of occupancy

Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) is commonly implemented to provide variable amounts of outdoor air according to an internal ventilation demand. The objective of the present study is to investigate the applicability and the performance of occupancy-based DCV schemes in comparison with time-based and CO2-based DCV schemes. To do this, we apply the occupancy estimation method by the Bayes theorem to control the ventilation rate of an office building in real-time. We investigated six cases in total (two cases for each control scheme). Experiments were conducted in a small office room with controllable ventilation equipment and relevant sensors. The observed results indicated that the occupancy-based schemes relying on Bayes theorem could be applied successfully to perform continuous control of ventilation rates without causing recursive problems. Additionally, we discussed the time delays associated with the control procedure, including dispersion time, sensor-response time, and data processing time. Finally, we compared the performance of the proposed approach in six DCV cases in terms of a resultant indoor CO2 level and the total ventilation-air volume. We concluded that DCV control based on both occupancy and floor area provided the best conformity to the ASHRAE standard among the analyzed schemes.

Field of study: Engineering
Emergence of divergent L2 feelings through the co-adapted social context of online chat

While past research has provided valuable insights into the nature and impact of second language (L2) learners’ feelings, it has frequently stopped short of doing justice to learning as a dynamic undertaking conducted in particular contexts. Empirical work has also predominantly focused on classroom settings. The current research was instead carried out with undergraduate students from Japan and Australia in the unique context of an online L2 text chat exchange. The study collected longitudinal introspective and dialogical data in order to explore dynamic perceptions of feelings connected with communicative interactions during seven chat sessions. In the article, we use a narrative approach to highlight the story of one chat dyad. Basing our interpretations on a complexity perspective (Larsen-Freeman & Cameron, 2008), the study illuminates the heavily contextualized social psychodynamic emergence of these learners’ divergent L2 feeling trajectories. Participants’ feelings emerged over time through the sense that they made of their communicative interactions in the text chat, yet always also relationally connected with other aspects of their ongoing psychologies. As such, the article suggests the value of more situated, dynamic and socially-aware research into the complexity of L2 study feelings.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Unequal Voices: ‘Strategic’ Consultation in South Australia

In 2006, the South Australian government undertook the largest consultation ever to take place in the state. Over 1600 South Australians were involved with the consultation on the revision of South Australia's Strategic Plan (SASP). This ‘big-picture’ consultation was a significant attempt to connect with, and gain feedback from, the South Australian ‘community’ on the Rann government's vision for the state. This article is the first formal evaluation of the 2006 consultation on the SASP. To critically evaluate the consultation process, this article uses Pratchett's framework which examines participative processes through the two principles of responsiveness and representativeness. The article concludes that the state government's rhetoric about the success of the consultation obscures a number of deficiencies and tensions that underpinned the consultation process. This critique of the South Australian consultation provides some key insights for the current trend for strategic planning at the state level in Australia.

Field of study: Political science
Structures and stability of simple DNA repeats from bacteria

DNA is a fundamentally important molecule for all cellular organisms due to its biological role as the store of hereditary, genetic information. On the one hand, genomic DNA is very stable, both in chemical and biological contexts, and this assists its genetic functions. On the other hand, it is also a dynamic molecule, and constant changes in its structure and sequence drive many biological processes, including adaptation and evolution of organisms. DNA genomes contain significant amounts of repetitive sequences, which have divergent functions in the complex processes that involve DNA, including replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. Through their involvement in these processes, repetitive DNA sequences influence the genetic instability and evolution of DNA molecules and they are located non-randomly in all genomes. Mechanisms that influence such genetic instability have been studied in many organisms, including within human genomes where they are linked to various human diseases. Here, we review our understanding of short, simple DNA repeats across a diverse range of bacteria, comparing the prevalence of repetitive DNA sequences in different genomes. We describe the range of DNA structures that have been observed in such repeats, focusing on their propensity to form local, non-B-DNA structures. Finally, we discuss the biological significance of such unusual DNA structures and relate this to studies where the impacts of DNA metabolism on genetic stability are linked to human diseases. Overall, we show that simple DNA repeats in bacteria serve as excellent and tractable experimental models for biochemical studies of their cellular functions and influences.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Synthesis and Characterization of Photochromic Copolymer Grafting Azoaromatic Chromospheres on Pullulan

Preparation of photochromic copolymer grafting 4-(4-nitro phenylazo)-1-naphthol units on a pullulan molecular surface has been accomplished. Surface modification was carried out in aqueous solution by an inverse emulsion polymerization method. Polymerization products were characterized by IR, SEM, XRD and TG-DTA. UV-vis spectroscopy has been used to monitor the photoisomerization of azobenzene moieties on a pullulan molecular surface. The results indicated that functional copolymer has a better photochromism property than its corresponding azobenzene moieties, reflecting the macromolecular backbone of pullulan should actively affect the photoisomerization of azoaromatic moieties.

Field of study: Materials science
Active Valley Meanders in South-Central Texas and Their Wider Implications

Active valley meanders are identified and some of their physical and hydrological characteristics described. A detailed study of a small catchment shows the channel morphology and valley floor to be in equilibrium. The implications of the active valley meanders are considered in terms of previously described fossil forms in high latitudes and in terms of the normal development of a fluvial landscape with incising streams. The appearance of a flood-plain may be independent of the hydrological regime of a basin and the cause of a reduction in flow effectiveness rather than the result of a real reduction in flow. Effective flows in valley meander formation have a recurrence interval from 10 to 50 yrs, and this constitutes a chanel-full flow that shapes the meanders. Identification of such flows with a recurrence interval from 1 to 2 yrs (as for bankfull flow in alluvial streams) may have led to overestimates of the past discharges and climatic parameters.

Field of study: Geology
Prognostic factors predicting the outcome of sarcoidosis: an analysis of 818 patients.

A computerised, retrospective study of 818 patients with sarcoidosis was analysed to study the prognosis of each individual manifestation of the disease. The good prognosis of erythema nodosum, acute arthritis and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy was confirmed, though 16 per cent of patients presenting with erythema nodosum pursued a chronic course. Cor pulmonale and nephrocalcinosis reflected the poorest prognosis while lupus pernio and sarcoidosis of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract rarely resolved. Bone sarcoidosis also implied chronicity but in four of 31 patients there was no clinical evidence of disease activity two years after the initial diagnosis, although naturally the bone radiograph was still abnormal. Hepatomegaly carried a worse prognosis than splenomegaly, or indeed, than the finding of pulmonary mottling without hilar glands--a stage three chest radiograph.

Field of study: Medicine
STUDY ON THE AXIS ORIENTATION AND STABILITY OF LININGS FOR DEEP TUNNELS

Deep tunnels are often subjected to tectonic stress. This horizontal stress is not homogeneous. Numerical simulation and model tests were carried out to investigate the stability of tunnels and lining induced by self-weight stress, the horizontal maximum principal stresses parallel and perpendicular to the axis, and surrounding rock grades. When horizontal tectonic stress is parallel to the axis, plastic zones appear at the wall. When the horizontal tectonic stress is perpendicular to it, plastic zones take place at the arch mostly. Horizontal stress has a great influence on mechanical characteristics of the lining. Under conditions of self-weight induced stress, the first crack and compressive-bent failure take place at the arch. Loop reinforcement inside the arch are increased to improve the tensile load-bearing ability of the cross section. When the horizontal tectonic stress is perpendicular to the axis, compressive-shearing appears at the wall-footing, which is deemed to be the controlling position. Stirrups at the wall-footing should be supplemented to upgrade shear capacity. In Chinese design codes, there is a basic principle that tunnels' long axes should be parallel to the horizontal maximum principal stress. The results can provide references for design and construction of deep tunnels.

Field of study: Engineering
Sequential approximate optimization for discrete design variable problems using radial basis function network

This paper proposes a sequential approximate optimization (SAO) for discrete design variable problems using radial basis function (RBF) network. We assume that there are two important factors for successful SAO: one is parameter adjustment for good approximation, and the other is to find the unexplored regions for global approximation. The authors propose a simple estimate of the width in the Gaussian kernel for good approximation. In addition, in order to find the unexplored region, we develop a density function that, with the simple estimate of the width, works well in the case of continuous design variables. However, a simple application of the density function to discrete design variables often leads to the wrong result. In order to find the unexplored region of the discrete design variables with our density function, the permutation number is introduced. The density function with the permutation number can find out the unexplored region. As the result, the discrete optimum can find with a small number of function evaluations. The validity of proposed approach is examined by studying typical numerical examples.

Field of study: Mathematics
The level of fatty acid-binding protein 4, a novel adipokine, is increased in rheumatoid arthritis and correlates with serum cholesterol levels.

To assess the expression of the novel adipokine Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 (FABP4) in synovial tissues, serum and the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and to study the relationships among FABP4, disease activity and metabolic status.



FABP4 levels were measured in the serum and synovial fluid of 40 patients with RA and 40 control patients with OA. The disease activity score (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and serum lipids were assessed in patients with RA. Immunohistochemical analysis and confocal microscopy were used to study the expression and cell-specific distribution of FABP4 in synovial tissues.



The age, sex and body mass index (BMI) adjusted levels of FABP4 were significantly higher in the serum (p=0.001) and synovial fluid (p=0.005) of patients with RA when compared to OA patients. FABP4 levels were higher in females than in males and correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) in patients with RA. Independent of confounders, FABP4 levels correlated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with RA, but not in OA patients. FABP4 levels were not affected by disease activity. Furthermore, the increased expression of FABP4 that was otherwise restricted to synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and B-cells was noted in RA patients at levels higher than that observed in OA patients.



The observed elevation of FABP4 levels in RA patients and the positive correlation of the adipokine to cholesterol suggest that FABP4 may represent a potential link between RA and the increased risk of atherosclerotic changes.

Field of study: Medicine
Hydrological Modeling and Capacity Building in the Republic of Namibia

AbstractThe Republic of Namibia, located along the arid and semiarid coast of southwest Africa, is highly dependent on reliable forecasts of surface and groundwater storage and fluxes. Since 2009, the University of Oklahoma (OU) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have engaged in a series of exercises with the Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry to build the capacity to improve the water information available to local decision-makers. These activities have included the calibration and implementation of NASA and OU’s jointly developed Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) hydrological model as well as the Ensemble Framework for Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5). Hydrological model output is used to produce forecasts of river stage height, discharge, and soil moisture.To enable broad access to this suite of environmental decision support information, a website, the Namibia Flood Dashboard, hosted on the infrastructure of the Open Science Data Cloud, has been developed...

Field of study: Environmental science