nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Single and staged laser interstitial thermal therapy ablation for cortical tubers causing refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients.

Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel, minimally invasive treatment for the surgical treatment of epilepsy. In this paper, the authors report on clinical outcomes for a series of pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and medication-refractory epileptogenic cortical tubers.  A retrospective chart review was performed at SUNY Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital in Syracuse, New York. The authors included all cases involving pediatric patients (< 18 years) who underwent MRgLITT for ablation of epileptogenic cortical tubers between February 2013 and November 2015.  Seven patients with cortical tubers were treated (4 female and 3 male). The patients' average age was 6.6 years (range 2-17 years). Two patients had a single procedure, and 5 patients had staged procedures. The mean time between procedures in the staged cases was 6 months. All of the patients had a meaningful reduction in seizure frequency as reported by Engel and ILAE seizure outcome classifications, and most (71.4%) of the patients experienced a reduction in AED burden. Three of the 4 patients who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms had some improvement in these domains after laser ablation. No perioperative complications were noted. The mean duration of follow-up was 19.3 months (range 4-49 months).  Laser ablation represents a minimally invasive alternative to resective epilepsy surgery and is an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy due to cortical tubers.

Field of study: Medicine
ACTIVE MEDIA: Interference investigations of the vibrational excitation of molecular nitrogen in a non-self-sustained discharge

An experimental study was made of changes in the polarizability of nitrogen when it was vibrationally excited in a non-self-sustained electric discharge. Using this effect, interference measurements were made of the pumping inhomogeneity in an electron-beam-controlled CO2 laser. The spatial distribution of the energy deposition in a transverse section of the discharge gap was determined.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Study and Practice of ODS Metamodel Based on CWM

The ODS plays an important role in tri-level architecture DB-ODS-DW data warehouse system,but the cost of traditional construction strategy and metadata management in ODS is high,and the mutual operations between different merchant data warehouse and analysis service tools are difficult.Taking the special equipment inspection organization as the background,the special equipment accident analytical requirements as the actuation,an ODS metamodel construction technology based on common warehouse metamodel is proposed,and then the JMI is used to implement this kind of metamodel.This method enhances the reusability of the model,provides the public exchange mechanism to various tools,and also reduces the development cost.

Field of study: Computer science
Gravity Observations from the Standpoint of the Local Geology

Since the work of systematically measuring the gravity in all parts of the United States was, about 30 years ago, undertaken by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, over 325 stations have been occupied. The results of the observations at some of these stations were published in reports by Hayford and Bowie 2 in 1912, by Bowie 3 in 1912, and by Bowie 4 in 1917, when 219 stations, including those previously covered, were considered. Observations at 85 additional stations are in process of publication by Major Bowie in a report of the Coast and Geodetic Survey now in press. References to the literature on gravity observations will be found in Bowie9s 1912 paper. The 1909 and 1910 papers by Hayford are based on the observations of deflections of the vertical as corrected for topography and isostatic compensation in the United States, whereas the reports by Hayford and Bowie and by . . .

Field of study: Geology
On conditions leading to crossing of I–V curve in metal1|mixed-ionic–electronic-conductor|metal2 devices

Many experimental and some theoretical studies on two terminal devices in the form metal1|semiconductor|metal2 report on unusual I–V relations which exhibit hysteresis and crossing of the I–V curve under periodic applied voltage. It is believed that the semiconductors allow also for motion of ionic defects and they are thus, mixed-ionic–electronic-conductors (MIECs). The device simulated here is of the form metal1|MIEC|metal2 where the thin semiconductor layer is n-type and the donors are mobile. The applied voltage is periodic. It is limited so that the temperature is constant. The conduction electrons are coupled to the mobile donors via the Poisson equation thus the redistribution of donors under an applied voltage leads to dramatic changes in the device's resistance. The donors considered are native ones and the electrodes allow exchange of matter with the surroundings which affects the I–V relations. The results suggest that a necessary condition for I–V curve crossing is an asymmetry in the device or in the applied voltage.

Field of study: Materials science
Subsidence of the Atlantic Moroccan margin during the Mesozoic

This paper presents a combined study based on seismic interpretation, sequence stratigraphy, and the evaluation of subsidence that aims to characterize the structure and development of the Essaouira Basin in Morocco. Located in the coastal Meseta adjoining the continental margin, this basin records an initial Carnian-Hettangian deformation phase during rifting in the central part of the North Atlantic region. The geometry of the basin as a function of time shows a succession of half-grabens and horsts that developed westwards from reactivated Hercynian structures. The postrift stage is characterized by an aggrading sedimentary sequence, as shown by concordant seismic sequences stacking over the onshore part of the basin. The Upper Cretaceous coincides with a sequence showing a transition towards a prograding regime that leads to the topography of the present-day margin. Using the high-resolution analysis provided by sequence stratigraphy, it is possible to recognize fine-scale stratigraphic variations in ...

Field of study: Environmental science
Reducing the Dietary Acid Load: How a More Alkaline Diet Benefits Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

It has been proposed that a low-protein diet will slow progression of chronic kidney disease although studies have not always supported this belief. The accepted practice is that 60% to 70% of protein comes from high biological value (HBV) protein, but this limits patient choice and patients struggle to follow the diet. When a diet with only 30% HBV protein was trialed, there was a significant increase in serum bicarbonate, and patients preferred the diet. The dietary advice given in predialysis clinics was changed. HBV protein was restricted to approximately 50% of total protein, bread and cereal foods were allowed freely, and fruits and vegetables (F&V) were encouraged. Patients who followed the diet have seen a slowing of progression and occasionally regression of their renal function. Both observations and scientific literature indicate that this is because of a reduction in the acid content of the diet. When foods are metabolized, most proteins produce acid, and most F&V produce alkali. A typical 21st-century diet produces 50 to 100 mEq H+ per day which the kidney is challenged to excrete. Acid is excreted with phosphate and is limited to about 45 mEq H+ per day. With chronic kidney disease, this falls progressively to below 20 mEq H+ per day. Historically, ammonium excretion was believed to be excretion of acid (NH3+ + H+ → NH4+), but it is now understood to be a by-product in the neutralization of acid by glutamine. The remaining acid is neutralized or stored within the body. Bone and muscle are lost in order to neutralize the acid. Acid also accumulates within cells, and serum bicarbonate falls. The author postulates that reducing the acid load through a low-protein diet with greater use of vegetable proteins and increased F&V intake will slow progression or occasionally improve renal function while maintaining the nutritional status of the individual.

Field of study: Medicine
Stability and venture structures in multilateral matching

We consider a multilateral matching market, where two or more agents can engage in a joint venture via multilateral contracts. Possible joint ventures are exogenously given. We study four stability concepts: stability, weak setwise stability, strong group stability, and setwise stability. We characterize the structure of possible joint ventures that guarantee the efficiency and existence of outcomes satisfying these stability concepts under general preference profiles. Specifically, we show that any stable outcome, weakly setwise stable outcome, and setwise stable outcome are efficient for any preference profile if and only if the structure of possible joint ventures satisfies a condition called the acyclicity. We also show that the acyclicity is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a stable outcome and strongly group stable outcome for any preference profile. Moreover, we show that a weaker condition called the no-crossing property is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a weakly setwise stable outcome and setwise stable outcome for any preference profile.

Field of study: Economics
Francesco Salviati et la bella maniera: Actes des colloques de Rome et de Paris (1998). Catherine Monbeig Goguel , Philippe Costamagna , Michel Hochmann

Vitruvius and also the performance of Greek dramas. The grand classical settings for Raphael's pictures reflect this academic interest in Vitruvian architecture. Raphael depicts the heroes of classical learning in rhetorical postures within the all'antica scenography in a dramatic, painted language that Inghirami may well have orchestrated in part. Joost-Gaugier, who is known for her previous articles on the uomini famosi series of the Quattrocento, conceives of the stanza iconography as a rich elaboration upon the earlier cycles of famous men included in humanist studioli and libraries, particularly the Montefeltro studiolo at Urbino. In Raphael's four major wall frescoes, however, the famous men of the past leave their rigid portrait stances and adopt dramatic positions in quasi-theatrical presentations concerning the nature of the disciplines of the humanistic education program. Although the tituli of the earlier cycles have been abandoned, Raphael's actors are intended, as Joost-Gaugier argues, to be recognizable by the parts they play as personifications of the knowledge imparted through their treatises. These representatives of classical empiricism (Aristotle), mathematics (Euclid), and so on, gesture to each other in ways that reflect the connections between their philosophical and intellectual achievements. Each figure thus has only one specific identity. For example, Joost-Gaugier has convincingly identified the figures surrounding Euclid in Raphael's School of Athens as the mathematician-astronomer Ptolemy and the famous geographer Strabo. Ptolemy and Strabo would be understood to be closely allied to Euclid because the sciences of astronomy and geography were dependent on geometry, personified by Euclid. Joost-Gaugier posits that the spectator, in turn, was intended to ponder the association between one influential thinker and another. In the process, the solemn, still dramas would effectively be brought to life through a meditative exercise analogous to the patterns of reading within the humanist curriculum that the papal library embodied. CATHLEEN HOENIGER Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Field of study: History
Quantitative climate reconstructions of the late Miocene Xiaolongtan megaflora from Yunnan, southwest China

The late Miocene Xiaolongtan megaflora from Kaiyuan in southeast Yunnan (23 degrees 48'45 '' N, 103 degrees 11'52 '' E, 1050 m a.s.l.) was chosen for palaeoclimatic reconstruction using three quantitative techniques, i.e. the Coexistence Approach (CA), Leaf Margin Analysis (LMA), and the Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP). The reconstructed climatic parameters are also compared with those of the two adjacent Miocene floras currently available in Yunnan, i.e. the early to middle Miocene carpological Mangdan flora (24 degrees 24'N, 97 degrees 49'E, 1620 m a.s.l.) and the late Miocene Luhe palynoflora (25 degrees 10'N, 101 degrees 22'E, 1930 m a.s.l.). Quantitative analyses of the Xiaolongtan flora supports the previous qualitative results of a southern, humid subtropical climate, being more humid and having a slightly higher mean annual temperature (MAT) than today. The MATs calculated by CA, LMA, and CLAMP overlap (16.7-19.2 degrees C, 22.3 +/- 2.05 degrees C, 18.1 +/- 1.2 degrees C, respectively) and are close to the present day value (19.7 degrees C). The overlapping of temperatures derived using the three techniques is unusual and probably related to the low latitude of the Xiaolongtan area and the southern subtropical nature of its vegetation. Both the mean temperatures of the warmest month (WMT) and of the coldest month (CMT) reconstructed by CA (WMT=25.4-26.0 degrees C, CMT=7.7-8.7 degrees C) and CLAMP (WMT=25.9 +/- 1.6 degrees C, CMT=10.8 +/- 1.9 degrees C) are similar to those of today (WMT=24.3 degrees C, CMT=12.8 degrees C), but great changes appear in the mean annual precipitation (MAP). The CLAMP results suggest a higher precipitation (1964 +/- 335.9 mm) than CA (1215-1639 mm), but they are much higher than the present MAP (820.5 mm). This is consistent with results from the Luhe palynoflora, which also developed under a warmer subtropical climate with higher precipitation (803.6-1254.7 mm) than that of today (815.9 mm). In contrast, the Mangdan flora, situated in a more complicated topographic region to the west of Xiaolongtan and near the Sino-Myanmar border, implies a slightly lower precipitation (1170-1300 mm) than that of today (1300-1400 mm). Overall, the wetter climate during the late Miocene around the Xiaolongtan area suggests that the Himalayas had not yet uplifted to its present altitudes at that time.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms.

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a result of complex interactions between biochemical and mechanical forces and can lead to significant morbidity if they rupture and cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. This review explores the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis and progression of IAs. In addition to providing a review of the normal function of MMPs, it is intended to explore the interaction between inflammation and abnormal blood flow and the resultant pathological vascular remodeling processes seen in the development and rupture of IAs. Also reviewed is the potential for the use of MMPs as a diagnostic tool for assessment of aneurysm development and progression.

Field of study: Medicine
Alcohol and fatal injury: the use of routinely collected fatality data in community prevention evaluation.

This study analyzed patterns of alcohol involvement among coroners' cases (which typically include blood alcohol content information) to develop a method for weighting death-certificate cases (which typically do not include blood alcohol content information) for likelihood of alcohol involvement for purposes of alcohol-involved injury intervention evaluation.



The coroners' data analyzed here were collected from four California communities and correspond to all injury coroner cases between 1987 and 1996 in those communities. The death-certificate data were provided by the State of California, Department of Health Services, and correspond to all injury deaths occurring in that state between 1980 and 1996. Each injury fatality in the death-certificate data was assigned a probability of alcohol involvement based upon the coroners' data. These were then summed to provide an estimate of, or "surrogate measure" for, the total number of alcohol-involved fatal injuries per 10,000 California residents aggregated across the state of California by month for the period from January 1980 to 1990. As a test of this estimate, we examined its responsiveness to an intervention designed to reduce alcohol-involved injuries which was implemented in California in 1990 using a time series analysis technique (ARIMA) that corrects for serial autocorrelation typically found in time ordered data.



This analysis found an effect during the postintervention period (p = 0.046). An alternative model testing for intervention effects on all injury fatalities did not find an effect.



This surrogate measure seems responsive to intervention effects and may provide a useful tool for interventions designed to reduce alcohol-involved injuries.

Field of study: Medicine
Study of Junction and Tip Vortices Using Particle Displacement Velocimetry

We describe experiments focusing on development of junction and tip vortices trailing behind a sail attached to an axisymmetric underwater body. These experiments were performed in a towing tank and involved implementation of particle displacement velocimetry. A map of the velocity at several streamwise locations was obtained, and the circulation was computed with 12-18% accuracy. The results reveal a reduction in the circulation of the junction vortex with increasing distance from the sail.

Field of study: Physics
Über die bodenkundlichen Kartierungen in Finnland

ZusammenfassungIn Finnland hat man im Auftrage der Geologischen Kommission rein geologische Bodenkartierungen ausgeführt.Kartierungen und Untersuchungen, durch die man die Eignung und Eigenschaften der Bodenarten in erster Linie mit Rücksicht auf ihre landwirtschaftliche Ausnutzung gekennzeichnet hat, sind seit 1910 durch das Institut, das unter den Namen Agrogeologische Abteilung der Geologischen Kommission, Staatliches bodenkundliches Institut gearbeitet hat und gegenwärtig Bodenkundliche Abteilung der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsanstalt heißt, angestellt worden. Die veröffentlichten bodenkundlichen Karten umfassen etwa 3 Mill. ha, aber unveröffentlichtes Material liegt in reichlichem Maße vor.Insbesondere mit Rücksicht auf die wirtschaftliche Ausnutzung der Moore hat der Finnische Moorkulturverein schon seit 1897 in verschiedenen Teilen des Reiches Mooruntersuchungen angestellt, deren gesamte Ausdehnung fast 1 Mill. ha ausmacht. Nur ein Teil der Ergebnisse ist veröffentlicht worden.

Field of study: Environmental science
Further Development on Variable Frequency Energy Saving

In China,application of variable frequency energy saving has huge potential.Process of energy saving and emission reduction is not only a tough fight,but also a protracted war;it is the objective and task in "11th Five-Year" plan and continuation in "12th Five-Year" plan.Variable frequency energy saving has vital significance for the enterprises on improving efficiency,technology and market innovation,it is beneficial for building a resources saving society and achieving the country's energy consumption and pollution reduction targets.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in human myocardial scars: Possible origins and inductive factors.

Necrotic myocardial lesions, including myocardial infarcts, heal by formation of scar tissue, and it is commonly thought that fibroblasts are the principal cells producing and maintaining the scar tissue matrix. In contrast to this notion, our study of old myocardial scars in 11 human hearts revealed that myofibroblasts (MFBs) and nonvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were the dominant cell types. Both contractile cell types stained positively with antibody to α-smooth muscle actin and were identified ultrastructurally by the presence of nonsarcomeric myofibrillar elements. They were distinguished from each other by basal lamina, which invested the SMCs but not the MFBs. Neither cell type was identified in the myocardium of 3 normal human hearts, where fibroblasts were the normal interstitial cells. In earlier studies, we made similar observations in rat heart scars. The presence of MFBs and SMCs in myocardial scar tissue but not in normal myocardium raises questions about their origins, lineage relationships, inductive mechanisms, and functions. The results of our studies indicated that the MFB and SMC phenotypes were induced and maintained by the cyclical physical forces associated with myocardial contractions; that fibroblasts and MFBs seemed to be phenotypic modulations of the same cell type in a physical environment favoring expression of the MFB form; that the nonvascular SMCs were not derived from MFBs but may have come from cells located in vessel walls; and that the contractile cells in scar tissue might resist and counteract the stretching forces induced by myocardial contractions.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Post‐Contractual Good Faith – Change in Judicial Attitude?

That insurers have already honed the doctrine of pre-contractual uberrimafides to a most formidable defence which has few peers in terms of harshness, is well beyond dispute. The burning question now is whether the courts will allow insurers further licence to similarly fashion an equally potent weapon for disputes relating to post-contractual breach of good faith. The focus on the post-contractual breach of an insurance contract appears to be a relatively recent development embryonic when compared with its precontractual counterpart. Actually, some earlier dicta1 had already indicated that the pre-contractual duty of disclosure ought to be viewed as merely one aspect of a more multi-faceted uberrima fides doctrine and there should, by extrapolation, exist a duty to act in utmost good faith throughout the entire duration of the insurance contract.2 This issue assumed increasing impetus during the last two decades which saw a perturbing rise in the number of insurers3 who resorted to post-contractual breach of good faith as their defence against claims (including those with fraud4 allegations). However, it recently seemed to be beaten into retreat after the precise delineation of its scope and application came to a head in the landmark cases of The Star Sea5 (House of Lords) and The Mercandian Continent6 (Court of Appeal). Close on their heels comes the appellate decision of The Aegeon7 which has added an interesting twist to the uberrimafides equation.

Field of study: Law