nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fast-Response Resistance Thermometer System for Simultaneous Recording of Air Temperatures at a Number of Separated Points1

A resistance-thermometer system is described which permits simultaneous and continuous recording of air temperatures at a number of separated points. Unbalance current in a Wheatstone bridge network is used as the measure of temperature, and is recorded by a multichannel light-beam oscillograph. The lag coefficient of the system is approximately 0.1 second.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Picolinate by N-Aminimides Having Metal Binding Site and Hydroxyl Group in the Presence of Zinc(II) Ion

It was found that N-aminimides possessing a metal binding site and a hydroxyl group facilitate transesterification of p-nitrophenyl picolinate(PNPP) to the hydroxyl group in the presence of Zn2+ in aqueous solution.

Field of study: Chemistry
Holocene evolution of the Assiniboine River paleochannels and Portage la Prairie alluvial fan

The Portage la Prairie alluvial fan was constructed by numerous successive paleochannels of the Assiniboine River along the western side of the Lake Agassiz basin as the level of the lake rapidly declined beginning 9500 years ago. The history of the paleochannels during the first several thousand years is not known. Paleochannel morphologies and cross-cutting relations, soil maturity, and radiocarbon dates, however, indicate that by 6000–7000 years ago flow was northward into Lake Manitoba. This direction was maintained until about 3000 years ago, when avulsion redirected the Assiniboine eastward to the Red River near Winnipeg. The morphologies of the paleochannels suggest that channel-forming discharges and sediment loads of the ancestral rivers have not differed significantly from the modern values despite palynological evidence that the climate was warmer and drier during much of the Holocene.

Field of study: Environmental science
Limits of Theory and Practice in Student Attrition

The field of student attrition has grown tremendously over the past two decades. The demographic characteristics of the population have induced us to consider how our institutions can more effectively serve their students and hopefully retain more of them until degree completion. As a result, studies of dropout and policy-oriented workshops concerned with prevention of attrition have become commonplace. But as researchers and planners rush into the fray armed with increasingly more sophisticated tools for the study and treatment of student attrition, we should pause to consider the limits on our ability to understand and treat it. We should give thought to just how far and in what directions we should stretch our existing models of dropout. Despite recent progress, there remain a number of important areas of inquiry that have yet to be adequately explored in our attempts to understand the complex character of student disengagement. So too in the realm of action, it would be wise for us to examine the forces that constrain the development and implementation of policies designed to improve retention. We must ask how far we should go in seeking to reduce attrition. The question must be posed as to the types of policies that should be implemented to reduce dropout among given types of students in the general student population. There are a variety of dropout behaviors in higher education, not all of which equally merit our attention.

Field of study: Education
Reaching-to-eat in humans post-stroke: fluctuating components within a constant pattern.

Reaching movements of the arm and hand become automatic early in development and are used throughout one's life span. Studies on skilled reaching have focused on the kinematic aspects and have advanced our knowledge of the individual motor components of reaching. It has also been shown that motor behaviors are organized in terms of ethologically relevant actions, rather than by motor components. Thus, it is important to analyze how the motor components of reaching are performed within the overall action as a whole. The objective of the present study was to examine the motor components of reaching-to-eat within the context of the overall behavior in stroke participants. Results show that reaching-to-eat involves the whole body to produce isolated actions of the limb and changes after stroke in three fundamental ways: abnormal use of nonkinematic aspects of movement, body-limb disintegration, and a disruption in the temporal aspect of the phases of reaching-to-eat. The movements within the behavior can reorganize, possibly a reflection of dynamic interactions between behavioral compensation and neuroplasticity, while the overall performance of the behavior remains the same. Such subtle flexibility may be part of the process of recovery.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Why Aquinas’s Metaphysics of Gender Is Fundamentally Correct: A Response to John Finley

In an important article, John Finley suggests a correction to Aquinas’s understanding of gender distinction. Disagreeing with Aquinas, Finley proposes that gender distinction (male and female) stems from the soul rather than from the body. In this essay, I will show that this is not a tenable position because it does not fit with either what we know about the physical development of sex differences or the unity of man and woman as a single human species. I will defend Aquinas’s fundamental insights into the root of gender distinction without defending his biological understanding of the process itself. I will argue that there is a single generic generative power in the soul that is determined by the matter to which the soul is united, to be expressed as either male or female. This paradigm, I believe, copes better than the one offered by Finley with phenomena such as intersexed persons and sex reassignment surgery. While I do not accept the idea of a feminine or masculine soul, the paradigm offered here does lead to the notion of the soul being feminized or masculinized on account of the matter that it informs.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
THE RESEARCH ON MECHANICS AND BLEMISH DEGREE OF DIFERENT FIBER CONTENT LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AFTER FREEZE-THAW CYCLE

By adopting slow freeze-thaw method and carrying out freeze-thaw cycle times of 25,50,75,100,125,150,200,225,250,275 and 300 on the LC35 fiber lightweight aggregate concrete,The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the lightweight aggregate concrete after freeze-thaw cycle have been obtained by employing a press machine and an instrument for measuring dynamic modula.According to the testing-result,the relationship between the compressive strength and the number of freeze-thaw cycle as well as the relation between the blemish degree and the blemish increment after freeze-thaw cycle are attained.The volume fraction and species of fibers have great influence on the properties of lightweight aggregate concrete.According to frost resistance properties,the improving order is:hybrid fibers polypropylene fiber steel fiber.The result can provide an experiment and theoretical basis to the research of lightweight aggregate concrete in cold north-west region.

Field of study: Engineering
[Clinical features of acute cerebral blood circulation disorders in young patients with non-differential dysplasia of the connective tissue].

: One hundred young patients (aged 17-45 years) with acute cerebral blood circulation disorders (ACBCD) have been studied. Phenotypic signs of non-differential dysplasia of the connective tissue (NDDCT) have been found in 50 patients (the main group) and other 50 patients had no clinical signs of NDDCT (the comparison group). Patients underwent a complex clinico-neurological, instrumental and laboratory study. In young patients with NDDCT, transient ischemic attacks were observed in 14%, ischemic strokes in 66%, hemorrhagic strokes in 20%. Risk factors characteristic of young patients with ACBCD have been singled out. The higher content of free oxyproline, the distinct positive dynamics (the reduction of clinical symptoms severity during the acute phase of stroke) and the significantly better restoration of lost functions were observed in patients with NDDCT compared to patients without NDDCT.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Feeding and feedback in nuclei of galaxies

Our aim is to explore the close environment of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and its connection to the host galaxy through the morphology and dynamics of the cold gas inside the central kpc in nearby AGN. We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of AGN feeding and feedback caught in action in NGC613 and NGC1808 at high resolution (few pc), part of the NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) project. We detected trailing spirals inside the central 100 pc, efficiently driving the molecular gas into the SMBH, and molecular outflows driven by the AGN. We present preliminary results of the impact of massive winds induced by radio jets on galaxy evolution, based on observations of radio galaxies from the ALMA Radio-source Catalogue.

Field of study: Physics
An Exploratory Assessment of Epistemic Curiosity in Students at Three Doctor of Pharmacy Programs

To determine the level of epistemic curiosity in a sample of student pharmacists from three Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs as well as any differences in epistemic curiosity levels that exist between programs and with regard to professional year.  Litman’s Epistemic Curiosity Scale (ECS) was administered to student pharmacists at three different PharmD programs. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and overall mean ECS scores as well as mean scores on epistemic curiosity motivated by intellectual interest (I-type) and informational deprivation (D-type) were compared among student pharmacists at the three institutions using analysis of variance. Reliability analyses were also performed on the data.  A total of 569 out of 1143 eligible students responded to the survey, for an overall response rate of 49.8%. The mean overall ECS score was 27.6 (SD=4.9). Mean I-type epistemic curiosity was 14.9 (SD=2.8) overall, but was statistically different among the schools. Mean D-type epistemic curiosity was 12.7 (SD=3.2) overall, but was statistically similar among the programs. Overall, the data demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .81.  This study was the first to characterize epistemic curiosity in student pharmacists and included data from multiple years and multiple programs. Future analyses should investigate associations between epistemic curiosity and other factors of interest to help elucidate how better understanding epistemic curiosity or enhancing it in student pharmacists may help facilitate student success.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Efeitos dos intervalos pré-cr, pós-cr e intertentativas em aprendizagem motora. doi: 10.4025/reveducfis.v24i2.17820

O fornecimento de conhecimento de resultados (CR) envolve os aspectos temporais, que consiste no momento em que o CR e fornecido alem de se relacionar a tres intervalos: Pre-CR, Pos-CR e o intervalo intertentativas. O presente estudo investigou esses intervalos em tres diferentes experimentos. Noventa voluntarios desempenharam uma tarefa de posicionamento com sequencia e tempo alvo pre-estabelecidos. Testes de transferencia imediata e atrasada foram realizados em nova sequencia e tempo alvo, sem CR. O teste de transferencia atrasada foi realizado 24 horas apos a fase de aquisicao. Os tres experimentos foram conduzidos para investigar os efeitos do pre-CR, intervalo pos-CR e o intervalo intertentativas, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram diferencas entre os grupos na condicao do intervalo pre-CR e intervalo intertentativas. Concluiu-se que os efeitos do intervalo pre-CR e intervalo intertentativas podem ser mais efetivos para a aprendizagem motora que o intervalo pos-CR.

Field of study: Education
Dual processes and an invariance result for exchangeable models in population genetics

By means of a representation as interactive particle systems, dual processes are constructed for a large class of exchangeable models in population genetics. It is shown that as the population size becomes large these dual processes tend in distribution to a particularly tractable limiting dual process. Properties of the models are analyzed using the duality relationship and approximate expressions are obtained for various quantities. Diffusion approximations follow easily from the invariance result.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Study of the πpi-system with the GAMS-4000 spectrometer at 100 GeV/c


The πpi-system produced in the charge exchange π−p-reaction at 100 GeV/c has been studied. The experiment was performed at the CERN SPS accelerator with the multiphoton hodoscope spectrometer GAMS-4000. A partial wave analysis was carried out in the mass range from 0.8 GeV to 3.0 GeV at −t < 0.2 (GeV/c)2 with the S, D, G and J waves. The S-wave exhibits rather complicated behaviour with a series of four bumps separated by three dips, at 1 GeV, 1.5 GeV and 2 GeV, which give the evidence for several scalar resonances. Clear peaks corresponding to the f2(1270), f4(2050) and f6(2510) mesons are seen in the higher waves. All the three mesons are produced via a dominating one pion t-channel exchange. The parameters and production cross sections of these mesons are measured.

Field of study: Physics
Disparate distributions of chemolithotrophs containing form IA or IC large subunit genes for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in intertidal marine and littoral lake sediments.

The distributions of bacterial form IA and form IC ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) were investigated using Lowes Cove intertidal mudflat and Damariscotta Lake littoral sediments by PCR amplification of 492-495 bp fragments of the large subunit RuBisCO gene, cbbL. Genomic extracts for amplification were obtained from lake surface (upper 2 mm), mudflat surface (upper 2 mm), subsurface (5-7 cm), and soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria) burrow-wall sediments, as well as from a sulfide-oxidizing mat. Phylogenetic analyses of cbbL clone libraries revealed that Lowes Cove sediments were dominated by form IA cbbL-containing sequences most closely related to cbbL genes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria or sulfide-oxidizing mats. In contrast, Damariscotta Lake cbbL clones contained primarily form IC cbbL sequences, which typify aerobic CO- and hydrogen-oxidizing facultative chemolithotrophs. Statistical analyses supported clear differentiation of intertidal and lake chemolithotroph communities, and provided evidence for some differentiation among intertidal communities. amova and libshuff analyses of Lowes Cove libraries suggested that M. arenaria burrow-wall sediments did not harbour distinct communities compared with surface and subsurface sediments, but that surface and subsurface libraries displayed moderate differences. The results collectively support a conceptual model in which the relative distribution of form IA- and IC-containing bacterial chemolithotrophs depends on sulfide availability, which could reflect the role of sulfate reduction in sediment organic matter metabolism, or the presence of geothermal sulfide sources.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Competition for fluctuating nutrient

A model of the competition of n species for a single essential periodically fluctuating nutrient is considered. Instead of the familiar Michaelis-Menten kinetics for nutrient uptake, we assume only that the uptake rate functions are positive, increasing and bounded above. Sufficient conditions for extinction are given. The existence of a nutrient threshold under which the Principle of Competitive Exclusion holds, is proven. For two species systems the following very general result is proven: All solutions of a τ-periodic, dissipative, competitive system are either τ-periodic or approach a τ-periodic solution. A complete description of the geometry of the Poincaré operator of the two species system is given.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Breaking Racial Barriers: Part I: Interracial Student-Exchange Programs

E XCHANGES between students in Northern and Southern colleges have been taking place for five to ten years, but only in the last three years has great interest developed in this form of education. The colleges taking part in exchange programs have given various reasons for their participation. Not all of them subscribe to the same goals, but essentially they all hope to promote better understanding and co-operation among college students, provide new educational and social experiences for residents of the campuses and the communities of the North and the South, enable students to study critically the cultural patterns of sections of the country that are particularly interesting to them, and foster understanding between the races. Not all schools undertaking student-exchange programs have as clear-cut a rationale as this statement of purpose might indicate. Some schools, furthermore, expect entirely too much to result from studentexchange programs and tend to distort the enterprise by the goals they set. They have the misconception that they will eliminate racial prejudice by sending Northern students to the South and will enlighten students socially and educationally by bringing Southern students to the Northas prejudiced a position, though more subtle, as open rejection of exchange between races. Rarely do students enter into an exchange program to overcome their prejudice, though the opportunities for interchange between the races upon a campus are abundant. A more realistic conception of the potential of student interchange is that there is a strong likelihood that the experience of living together and studying together will diminish prejudice among persons of different races. Four basic plans have been devised over the years for student exchange. The first of these is a short-one-week or week-end-interchange in which a group of students journey from a predominantly white Northern college to a predominantly Negro Southern institution and a comparable group from the Negro institution goes North to visit the college predominantly for whites. During this time, and usually under student leadership, the

Field of study: Education
Modeling and Analysis of Traffic Light Timing Plans Based on Timed Petri Nets

The problem of modeling and simulation of traffic light timing plans at an intersection for the general case based on timed Petri nets is addressed in this paper. The modeling method,which describes the right-of-ways of vehicles at the level of each driving and each turning direction,makes it convenient to analyze the properties of the system. Thus,it is proper for the obtained simulation model to serve as a component of the Petri net model of an urban traffic network. Finally,the model analysis is discussed and the simulation results of a case in the related literature are illustrated.

Field of study: Computer science
Chemotactic peptide enhancement of PMA triggered monocyte cytotoxicity.

The chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), per se incapable of triggering cytotoxicity, was found to significantly enhance phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-dependent monocyte-mediated cytolysis of human red blood cell (HRBC) targets. Target cell lysis by PMA triggered monocytes was related to the release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, since cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease and cells from normal donors, in the presence of superoxide dismutase or catalase, failed to exert significant cytotoxicity. An increased release of these mediators was found to be responsible for the FMLP-dependent amplification of the cytolytic reaction. The results indicate that chemotactic factors are able to enhance the release of cytotoxic mediators by monocytes and raise the possibility that cellular processes during monocyte chemotaxis could modulate the subsequent cytolytic activity.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Development of an inducible system to assess p94 (CAPN3) function in cultured muscle cells.

p94 belongs to the calpain family of enzymes, also called calcium-activated neutral proteases and is mainly expressed in the skeletal muscle. Mutations affecting the gene coding for p94 are responsible for a myopathy syndrome called Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). Although the activity of p94 seems necessary for muscle function, the biological role of the enzyme is still unknown. The goal of this study was to develop a muscle cell line in which the expression level of p94 can be regulated, by an inducible way. In this study, a biological system was developed which allowed mimicking, in vitro, of part of the events occurring in patients (i.e. a decrease of p94 activity). The first results indicate that the decrease in p94 activity results in a significant increase of myogenin level, a high specific transcription factor involved in myoblast fusion. This muscle specific inducible system is an interesting biological tool to assess specifically p94 function(s) in cultured muscle cells. According to the present results, p94 seems at least to be involved in a myogenesis regulation pathway via its action on certain proteins belonging to the myogenic regulator factor family.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
PERIODIC ORBIT THEORY FOR RYDBERG ATOMS IN EXTERNAL FIELDS

Although hydrogen in external fields is a paradigm for the application of periodic orbits and the Gutzwiller trace formula to a real system, the trace formula has never been applied successfully to other Rydberg atoms. We show that spectral fluctuations of general Rydberg atoms are given with remarkable precision by the addition of diffractive terms. Previously unknown features in atomic spectra are exposed: there are new modulations that are neither periodic orbits nor combinations of periodic orbits; `core-shadowing' generally decreases primitive periodic orbit amplitudes but can also lead to increases.

Field of study: Physics
Influence of PLLA/PCL/HA Scaffold Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Osteoblast Behavior

Scaffolds based on aligned and non-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers obtained by electrospinning, associated to electrosprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) for tissue engineering applications were developed and their performance was compared in terms of their morphology and biological and mechanical behaviors. The morphological results assessed by scanning electron microscopy showed a mesh of PLLA/PCL fibers (random and perfectly aligned) associated with aggregates of nanophased HA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed the homogeneity in the blends and the presence of nanoHA in the scaffold. As a result of fiber alignment a 15-fold increase in Young’s Modulus and an 8-fold increase in tensile strength were observed when compared to non-aligned fibers. In PLLA/PCL/HA scaffolds, the introduction of nanoHA caused a remarkable improvement of the mechanical strength of this material acting as a reinforcement, enhancing the response of these constructs to tensile stress. In vitro testing was evaluated using osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells. The results showed that both fibrous scaffolds were able to support osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation and that fiber alignment induced increased cellular metabolic activity. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated and a lower number of colony forming units (CFUs) was obtained in the scaffolds with aligned fibers.

Field of study: Materials science