nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Impact on Critical Source Area Identification in a Maryland Watershed

The potential impacts of climate change on critical source areas (CSAs) of surface runoff, sediments, nitrogen, and phosphorus were evaluated in an agricultural watershed of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, in the U.S. Northeast climate region. The SWAT model was calibrated for the study watershed and used to establish its baseline response and constituent CSAs under current climate (years 1990 to 2004). The calibrated model was then subjected to weather time series downscaled from the CMIP3 GFDL CM2.1 Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Model (AOGCM) for IPCC SRES scenarios B1 (low emissions), A1B (medium emissions), and A2 (high emissions) to predict the watershed‘s response to climate change and identify how constituent CSAs may change under future climate (years 2046 to 2064 and 2081 to 2100). The utility of targeting best management practices (BMPs) to CSAs was assessed by computing advantage ratios that relate the fraction of watershed-generated constituents that emanate from CSAs to the fraction of watershed area occupied by these CSAs. Results indicated that, under current conditions, CSAs occupying 11% to 21% of the watershed area contribute 31% to 45% of constituents, corresponding to advantage ratios of 1.5:1 for runoff control and approximately 3:1 for other constituents. Under climate change scenario B1, constituent yields were predicted to increase by factors of 1.5 to 1.8 at the watershed outlet, from an increase in annual rainfall of 25% predicted by the AOGCM, over current conditions. Under scenarios A1B and A2, constituent yields were predicted to increase by factors of 1.8 to 2.3 over current conditions, from an increase of 30% in annual rainfall. The area of runoff CSAs was predicted to more than triple with climate change, leading to negligible advantage of targeting runoff control BMPs to CSAs under future climate. The areas of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus CSAs were predicted to increase by factors of 2 to 3 with climate change, causing BMP-targeting advantage ratios to decrease from approximately 3:1 (baseline) to 2:1 (future). While advantage ratios for suspended and dissolved constituents remain favorable, even under future climate, the much larger area predicted to be covered by CSAs (2 to 3 times current values) suggests that stakeholder involvement and community-oriented participatory approaches will be increasingly important for achieving Chesapeake Bay TMDLs with climate change.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Spatial and angular characteristics of the radiation from high-power lasers utilizing solutions of organic compounds with active elements in the form of hollow cylinders

A study was made of the characteristic features of the output radiation pattern of a rhodamine laser with cells in the form of hollow cylinders excited from outside and from inside by linear flashlamps. Different methods of suppressing nonaxial rays were proposed and tested. It was found that when a cell in the form of a hollow cylinder was excited from the inside, the active medium acquired the properties of a negative lens and the paths of the rays in the resonator became similar to those in an unstable resonator. This made it possible to increase the radiation brightness by more than an order of magnitude and also to demonstrate the advantages of using internally excited active elements in the form of hollow cylinders in high-power low-divergence dye solution lasers.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Study on the kinetics of limited hydrolysis on rice residue with Alcalase 2.4L FG

This paper has investigated the kinetics of limited hydrolysis on rice residue with Alcalase 2.4L FG by pH-stat method.The factors including reaction temperature,enzyme concentration,substrate concentration,pH value and reaction time were discussed and figged out for the reaction.Discussed the kinetics characteristics of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.The critical substrate concentration was worked out theoretically as 22.25g residue per 120mL water.The hydrolysis kinetics model was established and proved accurate.The RSD is within 10% in test experiments.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Trends in alcohol services utilization from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002: ethnic group differences in the U.S. population.

During the early 1990s in the United States, changes to the provision and financing of alcohol treatment services included reductions in inpatient treatment services and in private sector spending for treatment. We investigated trends in alcohol services utilization over the 10-year period from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002 among U.S. whites, blacks, and Hispanics.



Data come from 2 household surveys of the U.S. adult population. The 1991 to 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey and the 2001 to 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions conducted face-to-face interviews with a multistage cluster sample of individuals 18 years of age and older in the continental United States. Treatment utilization represented both total utilization and the use of alcohol services. Data analyses were prevalence rates and multivariate logistic regressions for lifetime utilization with drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs).



From 1991-1992 to 2001-2002, drinking-related emergency room and human services use increased for drinkers, while total utilization and the use of private health professional services and mutual aid decreased for individuals with AUDs. In drinkers and individuals with AUDs, blacks and Hispanics were less likely than whites to use private health professional care. Hispanics with AUDs were less likely than whites with AUDs to use alcohol or drug programs. Ethnicity interacted with alcohol severity to predict alcohol services utilization. At higher levels of alcohol severity, blacks and Hispanics were less likely than whites to ever use treatment and to use alcohol services (i.e., human services for Hispanic drinkers, mental health services for blacks with AUDs, and mutual aid for Hispanics with AUDs).



Our findings showed increases from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002 in alcohol services utilization for drinkers, but reductions in utilization for individuals with AUDs. Blacks and Hispanics, particularly those at higher levels of alcohol severity, underutilized treatment services compared to whites. These utilization trends for blacks and Hispanics may reflect underlying disparities in healthcare access for minority groups, and language and logistical barriers to utilizing services.

Field of study: Medicine
The Last Days of the Renaissance and the March to Modernity (review)

1956 involved 320 correspondents, a veritable Who’s Who of academics plus others who were inspired by his writings. Panofsky, who referred to himself as an “aged turtle,” wrote approvingly of young up-and-coming scholars, notably Irving Lavin, Colin Eisler, and Jan Białostocki. Several letters pertain to the origins of The Renaissance Society of America. I look forward to the final two tomes covering the last twelve years of his life. I never thought “mere” letters would make for such addictive reading regardless of one’s personal response to Panofsky the man and the scholar. JEFFREY CHIPPS SMITH University of Texas at Austin

Field of study: History
Concurrent Treatment of Substance Use and PTSD

Substance use disorders (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are chronic, debilitating conditions that frequently co-occur. Individuals with co-occurring SUD and PTSD suffer a more complicated course of treatment and less favorable treatment outcomes compared to individuals with either disorder alone. The development of effective psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for co-occurring SUD and PTSD is an active and critically important area of investigation. Several integrated psychosocial treatments for co-occurring SUD and PTSD have demonstrated promising outcomes. While recent studies examining medications to treat co-occurring SUD and PTSD have yielded encouraging findings, there remain substantial gaps in the evidence base regarding the treatment of co-occurring SUD and PTSD. This review will summarize the findings from clinical trials targeting a reduction in SUD and PTSD symptoms simultaneously. These results may improve our knowledge base and subsequently enhance our ability to develop effective interventions for this complex comorbid condition.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Superconducting granular aluminum resonators resilient to magnetic fields up to 1 Tesla

High kinetic inductance materials constitute a valuable resource for superconducting quantum circuits and hybrid architectures. Superconducting granular aluminum (grAl) reaches kinetic sheet inductances in the nH / □ range, with proven applicability in superconducting quantum bits and microwave detectors. Here, we show that the single photon internal quality factor Q i of grAl microwave resonators exceeds 105 in magnetic fields up to 1 T, aligned in-plane to the grAl films. Small perpendicular magnetic fields, in the range of 0.5 mT, enhance Q i by approximately 15%, possibly due to the introduction of quasiparticle traps in the form of fluxons. Further increasing the perpendicular field deteriorates the resonators' quality factor. These results open the door for the use of high kinetic inductance grAl structures in circuit quantum electrodynamics and hybrid architectures with magnetic field requirements.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Neural Functional Recovery and Immunologic Suppression after Rat Cerebral Apoplexy

Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote the recovery of neural function after cerebral apoplexy by secreting multiple cytokines. In addition, cell factor-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in recovery of neural function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extracellular vesicles on neural functional recovery and brain tissue remodeling after cerebral apoplexy in a rat model.  The rat models with local ischemic stroke was established and three random groups were created. In groups A and B, human bone marrow-derived MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles were transplanted into rats. In the control group (group C), only normal saline was injected. Then, we evaluated motor coordination ability, pathologic changes of the brain, immune responses in the central and peripheral nervous systems, regeneration of blood vessels, and nervous tissue in 4 weeks after cerebral apoplexy.  Obvious regeneration of blood vessels and nervous tissues were identified in groups A and B. There was no significant difference with respect to coordination between groups A and B, but coordination in groups A and B was significantly better than the control group. Immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue showed that extracellular vesicles exerted no effect on infiltration of immune cells in the central nervous system. Weakened immune suppression was noted 1 week after cerebral apoplexy, which provided a favorable environment for remodeling of brain tissue.  MSC-derived extracellular vesicles accelerated neural functional recovery after cerebral apoplexy. The weakened immune suppression was beneficial to remodeling of brain tissue.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
On Endings: American Postmodern Fiction and the Cold War (review)

conclusion or intention. Instead, Foley's methodology implies the historical contingency of all literary production and questions the arbitrary mark of publication; that is, to understand the residues in a novel, we must unearth the corrections, redactions, and revisions that deposited these sediments. Foley shows that we have misunderstood Ellison because we failed to consider the corrective, yet sedimenting effects of WWII-Communist Party policy and Cold War antiradicalism that produced the Invisible Man that sits on our shelves. Second, Foley builds on her earlier work to demonstrate the ineradicable presence of Leftist politics in virtually all twentieth-century American literature. Whereas Radical Representations examines Mike Gold, Jack Conroy, Grace, Lumpkin, Josephine Herbst—a litany of writers discarded by "apolitical" Cold War formalism and still widely ignored—Wrestling with the Left brings to the ring a solidly canonized exemplar of nonpolitical modernism. In doing so, Foley reveals not only the centrality of political formation and transformation, but also the specific importance of socialism and Communism. No longer a curious subgenre as it was in 1993, Foley's latest work shows that "radical literature" and a radical orientation to literature are essential parts of the study of every American novel touched by the Great Depression, the international antifascist movement, World War II, and the Cold War. These events required writers to engage with various constructions of the Left, and we have not yet made visible all the faintly indelible marks these constructions have left.

Field of study: Art
A abordagem desenvolvimentista do caminhar - doi: 10.4025/reveducfis.v21i1.7389

This study tried to analyze the pattern of the fundamental movement gait as subsidy for the understanding of the acquisition of the motor abilities in the childhood. The number of subjects of the study was constituted by 41 children between 3 and 8 years of age from private network of teaching. The instruments used in the research were the total body configuration approach and the cinemetry. The results demonstrated that: most of the children showed developed stage of walking; space-time variables indicated typical behavior in function normalized speed with positive accentuations for the self-selected speed, stride length, step cadence and step length; and negative for stride time. It is concluded that there is a tendency of the development motor levels when related to the normalized speed, children that presented values above 0.40 were found in the mature stage.

Field of study: Education
NMR evidence for lithium ordering in Li0.29ZrSe2

We present a NMR study of Lithium ordering in the intercalated transition metal dischalcogenide Li 0.29 ZrSe 2 , through the distribution of hyperfine field at the 77 Se nuclei. From the temperature dependence of the lineshape and the spin-spin relaxation time, we deduce the onset of a phase transition at 205 K associated to the formation of long range ordered domains of Lithium ions.

Field of study: Materials science
Stratigraphy of upper Paleozoic volcanic rocks and regional unconformities in part of the northern Sierra terrane, California

Upper Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Taylorsville strike belt are unconformably truncated at the North Fork of the American River by a lens of Upper Triassic conodont-bearing limestone and Lower and Middle Jurassic graywacke-slate flysch deposits of the Sailor Canyon Formation. The volcanic sequence consists of submarine felsic pyroclastic debris flows and tuffaceous slate of the Late Devonian Sierra Buttes Formation, andesitic turbidites of the Taylor Formation, a lower tuff-siltstone member and an upper chert member of the Peale Formation, and fine-grained tuff of the Reeve Formation. Newly discovered radiolarians date the chert member of the Peale as latest Late Mississippian and(or) Early Pennsylvanian. Shelly fossil fragments found 50 m above the chert member date the lower part of the Reeve in this area as late Early Permian. These rocks formed in the distal part of the submarine volcanic apron, presumably in an island-arc setting, and were deposited unconformably on quartz-rich clastic rocks and tectonically interlayered chert of the pre–Late Devonian Shoo Fly Complex. The Peale marks a period of quiescence in the late Paleozoic volcanism that culminated in deep-water chert deposition during latest Mississippian to the Middle Pennsylvanian. The Peale-Reeve contact is a regional hiatus, probably nondepositional in the south and becoming erosional to the north, that spans most or all of the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian. Post-late Early Permian to pre-Late Triassic deformation produced northeast-trending folds and a southeast-trending fault in the late Paleozoic volcanic rocks that are truncated nearly orthogonally by the Late Triassic unconformity and northwest-trending folds in the Jurassic Sailor Canyon Formation.

Field of study: Geology
The Internal and External Causal Loci of Attributions to Prejudice

In two studies, the authors examined the causal loci of attributions to prejudice. Participants were asked to consider a situation in which they were rejected. Whether the rejection was attributable to an exclusively external cause or attributable to bias against one’s gender group was manipulated. In contrast to the existing view that attributions to prejudice are external, results from both studies supported the prediction that attributions to prejudice also have a substantial internal component. In Study 2, the authors examined the affective consequences of attributions for rejection and found that for women, attributions to prejudice were more harmful than an exclusively external attribution. For men, however, attributions to prejudice were less harmful than an exclusively external attribution. Results are discussed in terms of the ways in which attributions to prejudice differ from purely external attributions.

Field of study: Psychology
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Structure of Large Garlic (Allium sativum) Germplasm Bank, by Diversity Arrays Technology “Genotyping-by-Sequencing” Platform (DArTseq)

Garlic (Allium sativum) is used worldwide in cooking and industry, including pharmacology/medicine and cosmetics, for its interesting properties. Identifying redundancies in germplasm blanks to generate core collections is a major concern, mostly in large stocks, in order to reduce space and maintenance costs. Yet, similar appearance and phenotypic plasticity of garlic varieties hinder their morphological classification. Molecular studies are challenging, due to the large and expected complex genome of this species, with asexual reproduction. Classical molecular markers, like isozymes, RAPD, SSR, or AFLP, are not convenient to generate germplasm core-collections for this species. The recent emergence of high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches, like DArTseq, allow to overcome such limitations to characterize and protect genetic diversity. Therefore, such technology was used in this work to: (i) assess genetic diversity and structure of a large garlic-germplasm bank (417 accessions); (ii) create a core collection; (iii) relate genotype to agronomical features; and (iv) describe a cost-effective method to manage genetic diversity in garlic-germplasm banks. Hierarchical-cluster analysis, principal-coordinates analysis and STRUCTURE showed general consistency, generating three main garlic-groups, mostly determined by variety and geographical origin. In addition, high-resolution genotyping identified 286 unique and 131 redundant accessions, used to select a reduced size germplasm-bank core collection. This demonstrates that DArTseq is a cost-effective method to analyze species with large and expected complex genomes, like garlic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of high-throughput genotyping of a large garlic germplasm. This is particularly interesting for garlic adaptation and improvement, to fight biotic and abiotic stresses, in the current context of climate change and global warming.

Field of study: Biology
O esporte na imprensa em Vitória (1926-1936): uma análise dos jornais A Gazeta e o Diário da Manhã

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender o papel que o esporte desempenhou no desenvolvimento da cidade de Vitoria nos anos iniciais de sua modernizacao e analisar o conteudo de dois dos principais jornais da epoca: A Gazeta e Diario da Manha. A investigacao se concentrou nas edicoes publicadas entre a decada de 1920 e 1930, pois, nesse periodo, foram realizados importantes investimentos no cenario esportivo do Estado. Conclui-se que a pratica esportiva estava associada as ideias de que o esporte seria capaz de ajudar na formacao de uma juventude sadia, cumprindo um papel significante para a melhoria da raca, aspectos indispensaveis, a epoca, a cidade em transformacao.

Field of study: Education
Simulating Study on Observation of Space Point Target from a Shipborne Optoelectronic System

Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm is used to study the recovering of motion-blurred image of space point target, and the point spread function (PSF) of motion-blurred image is built up employing practical measuring data from a shipborne optoelectronic observing system. The influence of noise on the deblurring effect is analyzed, and the recovering results using RL algorithm with different denoise methods are discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Searching for intermediate-mass black holes in galaxies with low-luminosity AGN: a multiple-method approach

This work is the first stage of a campaign to search for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) and dwarf galaxies. An additional and equally important aim of this pilot study is to investigate the consistency between the predictions of several popular black hole scaling relations and the fundamental plane (FP) of black-hole activity (FP-BH).Methods. We used well established X-ray and radio luminosity relations in accreting black holes, along with the latest scaling relations between the mass of the central black hole (M BH ) and the properties of its host spheroid, to predict M BH in seven LLAGN, that were previously reported to be in the IMBH regime. Namely, we used the recently re-evaluated M BH −M sph (M sph : spheroid absolute magnitude at 3.6 μ m) scaling relation for spiral galaxies, the M BH −n sph (n sph : major axis Sersic index of the spheroid component) relation, the M BH −PA (PA: spiral pitch angle) relation, and a recently re-calibrated version of the FP-BH for weakly accreting BHs, to independently estimate M BH in all seven galaxies. We find that all LLAGN in our list have low-mass central black holes with log M BH /M ⊙ ≈ 6.5 on average, but that they are, most likely, not IMBHs. All four methods used predicted consistent BH masses in the 1σ range. Furthermore, we report that, in contrast to previous classification, galaxy NGC 4470 is bulge-less, and we also cast doubts on the AGN classification of NGC 3507.Conclusions. We find that our latest, state-of-the-art techniques for bulge magnitude & Sersic index computations and the most recent updates of the M BH −L sph , M BH −n sph , and M BH −PA relations and the FP-BH produce consistent results in the low-mass regime. We thus establish a multiple-method approach for predicting BH masses in the regime where their spheres of gravitational influence cannot be spatially resolved. Our approach mitigates against outliers from any one relation and provides a more robust average prediction. We will use our new method to revisit more IMBH candidates in LLAGN.

Field of study: Physics
Über das Spannungsfeld einer Versetzung

ZusammenfassungDas Spannungsfeld einer Versetzung wird nach verschiedenen Methoden beschrieben und verglichen. Im ersten Abschnitt wird eine Lösung mit den Hilfsmitteln der reinen Elastizitätstheorie gegeben, im zweiten eine vereinfachte Ableitung und Erweiterung einer Überlegung vonPeierls, welche näherungsweise die atomistische Struktur berücksichtigt. Es erweist sich, daß beide Lösungen praktisch übereinstimmen. Schließlich werden diese Lösungen mit einer vonTaylor angegebenen verglichen.

Field of study: Physics