nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Trade-offs between energy cost and health impact in a regional coupled energy–air quality model: the LEAQ model

This letter presents a methodology for an integrated energy?air quality model in a cost and impact trade-off framework, applicable at the regional scale. ETEM (the Energy Technology Environmental Model) minimizes the energy cost at a given level of sectoral emissions. An efficient, reduced-order Eulerian air quality model (TAPOM-Lite) simulates some consecutive days where the meteorological conditions are favorable to the occurrence of an ozone episode. A health impact function has been developed to perform the feedback from ozone concentrations to the energy cost. The decomposition optimization problem is solved using an Oracle-based technique. We report on an implementation for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, varying the parameters of the impact function.

Field of study: Environmental science
MiR-138 Inhibits Tumor Growth Through Repression of EZH2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of miR-138 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  The expression of miR-138 was first examined in NSCLC cell lines and tumourtissues by real-time PCR The in vitro and in vivo functional effect of miR-138 was examined further. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm target association between miR-138 and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2).  miR-138 was frequently downregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues. Overexpression of miR-138 inhibited proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The EZH2 oncogene, which is often overexpressed in various human cancers and acts as an important regulator of cell growth and tumor invasion, was identified as a novel target of miR-138. miR-138 can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of EZH2 and suppress the expression of EZH2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 phenocopied the tumor suppressive effects of miR-138 in cell models, whereas ectopic expression of EZH2 rescued the suppressive effects of miR-138.  These findings define a tumor suppressor function for miR-138 in NSCLC and further suggest that miR-138 may represent a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
The Changing Profile of Information Systems Research: 1995–2000

There has been considerable debate in the literature about the status of Information Systems (IS) as an academic discipline, its progress and its survival. Often these critiques focus on two major themes: (a) the need to develop theoretical foundations for IS and (b) the rigor and relevance of IS research. This paper presents the results of investigating four popular IS journals from 1995–2000 to determine the research methodologies used in published articles. Comparing the results to earlier studies shows that IS research is reducing its focus on subjective/argumentative studies and increasing its focus on experiments, case studies, and field tests. Some IS professionals contend that this changing publication focus provides evidence that the information systems discipline is becoming more rigorous and mature. This study also provides insights relating to the ongoing discussion concerning rigor and relevance of IS research.

Field of study: Computer science
REACTIVE LATTICE OXYGEN IN MULTICOMPONENT BISMUTH MOLYBDATE CATALYST FOR OLEFIN OXIDATION

Position of the reactive lattice oxygen in the multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalyst was determined based on the isotope shift in Mo–O stretching vibration by measuring infrared and Raman spectra of the 18O-substituted catalyst with propylene oxidation using 18O2 tracer. It was proven that the oxidation reaction of olefin proceeds in accordance with the “water tank model” proposed by Moro-oka.

Field of study: Chemistry
Timing Synchronization in Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Communication Systems

Cooperative communication systems have attracted much attention recently due to their desirable performance gain while using single antenna terminals. This paper addresses the joint timing and channel estimation problem, and furthermore the resynchronization of multiple timing offsets in a cooperative relay system. The estimations of timing and channel are conducted in two phases and the associated Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) are derived for both phases. It is demonstrated that the conventional CRB is not valid for timing parameters under fading conditions, and a new bound called weighted Bayesian CRB is proposed. With the timing and channel estimates, a general framework of the resynchronization filter design is developed in order to compensate the multiple timing offsets at the destination. The proposed methods are applied to different scenarios with varying degrees of timing misalignment and are numerically shown to provide excellent performances that approach the perfectly synchronized case.

Field of study: Engineering
Psychological Problems as Perceived by Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly

Ageing is a universal phenomenon and natural biological process of the life cycle. As people enter old age, they begin to experience associated changes in their physical, mental & social health. Therefore, elderly people are vulnerable to physiological and mental crisis. The aim of this study is to assess psychological problems as perceived by institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly, utilizing a descriptive comparative research design. A sample of convenience of 90 elderly which will be divided into: 45 institutionalized elderly was recruited from Hedaya Barakat geriatric home in El-Dokki district, Giza city, Egypt and 45 non- institutionalized elderly was recruited from Pension and Disbursement settings, Cairo district, Egypt. Socio-demographic sheet, and psychological problems scale for elderly. The findings revealed that; the studied institutionalized elderly had higher levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression than non institutionalized elderly and it was major problems. The study concludes that, psychological problems increase with growing of age among elderly. Recommendation: nursing by education programs should be held for psychiatric mental health nurses in order to help families develop a better understanding of elderly people health needs.  psychological problems, institutionalized, non-institutionalized and elderly people.

Field of study: Education
Antinociceptive effects after intrathecal administration of phosphodiester-, 2'-O-allyl-, and C-5-propyne-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the NMDAR1 subunit in mouse.

In the present study, we have compared the antinociceptive effect of three different types of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) R1-subunit in mice. The probes were administrated intrathecally three times during a period of 5 days (1, 5 or 25 microg/injection), followed by evaluation using the formalin test. The antinociceptive effect was correlated to in vitro receptor binding in spinal cord sections. The tissue distribution was studied after a single injection of fluorescein-conjugated probes. The phosphodiester probe showed superficial tissue penetration after 30 min and disappeared within 2 h. The probe did, however, significantly reduce both receptor binding in laminae I and II (by 36-44% compared to saline) as well as pain behavior (32% compared to saline), without apparent side effects. The mismatched probe was ineffective at 25 microg, while some reductions in receptor binding and pain behavior were seen after 5 microg. The C-5-propyne-modified phosphorothioate probe showed pronounced tissue penetration and cellular uptake as soon as 30 min after injection which was still detectable after 24 h. Immediately after injection of the highest dose, long-lasting hind-limb paralysis was observed. Receptor binding was reduced but not in a dose-related manner. Pain behavior was significantly reduced by 40% following 25 microg of antisense probe but not after lower doses or 25 microg of mismatched probe. The 2'-O-allyl-modified probe did not significantly reduce receptor binding or pain behavior. Thus, only the phosphodiester probe showed a significant correlation between reduction in pain behavior and receptor binding. These findings demonstrate that antisense technology is associated with specificity problems, but still could provide a valuable tool to study the role of different target proteins in the drug discovery process.

Field of study: Biology
Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming

In this study, we investigate changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over West and Central Africa (hereafter, WAF domain) as a function of global mean temperature with a focus on the implications of global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C according the Paris Agreement. We applied a scaling approach to capture changes in climate extremes with increase in global mean temperature in several subregions within the WAF domain: Western Sahel, Central Sahel, Eastern Sahel, Guinea Coast and Central Africa including Congo Basin. While there are several uncertainties and large ensemble spread in the projections of temperature and precipitation indices, most models show high-impact changes in climate extremes at subregional scale. At these smaller scales, temperature increases within the WAF domain are projected to be higher than the global mean temperature increase (at 1.5 °C and at 2 °C) and heat waves are expected to be more frequent and of longer duration. The most intense warming is observed over the drier regions of the Sahel, in the central Sahel and particularly in the eastern Sahel, where the precipitation and the soil moisture anomalies have the highest probability of projected increase at a global warming of 1.5 °C. Over the wetter regions of the Guinea Coast and Central Africa, models project a weak change in total precipitation and a decrease of the length of wet spells, while these two regions have the highest increase of heavy rainfall in the WAF domain at a global warming of 1.5 °C. Western Sahel is projected by 80% of the models to experience the strongest drying with a significant increase in the length of dry spells and a decrease in the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. This study suggests that the 'dry gets drier, wet gets wetter' paradigm is not valid within the WAF domain.

Field of study: Environmental science
Three-phase queueing servicing system with renewable servers

A three-phase queueing servicing system is considered in this paper. The servers can fail during their occupation time. A failed server is sent to be repaired immediately. The stationary probabilities of the different states of the system are studied under the assumption that the arrival time, service time, failure time and repair time of the servers all have a Poisson distribution with diferent parameters. Also the mathematical expectation of the number of customers in each phase is obtained. Finally, the results in Mokaddis et al., Ninth International Congress for Statistics, Computer Science, Social and Demographic Research , Ain Shams University, 31 March–10 April, 1984, are obtained as special cases from the results in this paper.

Field of study: Engineering
Piergiorgio di Giminiani, Sentient Lands: Indigeneity, Property, and Political Imagination in Neoliberal Chile (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2018), pp. xiv + 246, $55.00, hb.

controlled resources’ (p. 138). The last two chapters turn to Lehmann’s theorising about social movements. Taking on the oft-used distinction between state and civil society, he argues that the notion that civil society is independent of the state has only limited value for Latin America. The movimento negro lacks a centralised leadership and its strength is in its being a large number of groups with loose ties. It is, more precisely, a network with ‘the potential beneficiaries of their actions ... elsewhere’ (p. 194). The movement’s centre of gravity is in academia. It does not look like classic social movements with strong leadership combined with grassroots culture and support. Like many other recent movements, it forms part of larger transnational movements. (Lehmann also notes that the increasingly influential evangelical churches enjoy substantial autonomy from the state but have largely been ignored by political theorists.) He argues that the quotas campaign has been focused on specific institutions (universities) to prevent the exclusion of non-whites from societal elites. In the short term, he believes this strategy will ‘brown’ the university’s student population, and perhaps, in the long term, the professoriate and the elite. The Prism of Race is an excellent overview of the debates and developments around affirmative action in Brazil over the last quarter-century. Clearly written, deeply researched and judiciously argued, the book is a balanced analysis of contentious issues by a scholar with deep experience in Brazil and strong ties to Brazilian scholars on all sides of the debates about affirmative action.

Field of study: Political science
Verbal-Reinforcement and Model-Reinforcement Group Counseling with Alienated Students.

This research investigates the effects of model-reinforcement and verbal-reinforcement group counseling on alienated high school students. Juniors in three high schools who scored one standard deviation above the mean on a scale of alienation were selected for inclusion in the study. In each school these students were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: model reinforcement, verbal reinforcement, placebo, and control.  (a) Both reinforcement counseling groups were effective in reducing students' feelings of alienation. (b) There were no significant differences between the effects of the model-reinforcement and verbal-reinforcement counseling.

Field of study: Psychology
A study of ocean zoning and sustainable management by GIS in Taiwan

To ensure the implementation of sustainable land development, strengthen ocean preservation, and conserve coastal resources, and encourage management of land use, the Construction and Planning Agency in Taiwan recently passed “The Draft of National Land Planning Act” and “The Draft of Coastal Act.” These acts effectively extend the utilization and management of land to territorial sea and coastal areas. According to a comprehensive Regional Planning review, 1 before the law has not yet completed the legislative, regional planning includes the ocean and the coast areas within the scope of Regional Planning. This study extends previous research on Construction and Planning Agency projects to effectively management of the unregistered land in marine areas. According to the proposed definition of ocean range, this study first surveys practical cases of marine planning in each ocean state to analyze its advantages. We analyzed sea charts and digitalized them to produce a base map. Based on the current situation, an integrated information platform including marine, coastal, and land was established using a GIS system. Second, based on the marine spatial characteristics of the different offshore distance and water depth, this study proposes ocean use management content and process of sub stage-zoning by assessing marine uses in tidal zones, coastal areas, internal waters, and territorial waters. Finally, this study proposes a management guideline of ocean zoning in ocean areas. Management guidelines of ocean zoning provides an important framework for balancing the maintenance of marine biological diversity, sustainable use, and economic development potential.

Field of study: Environmental science
Endothelial serpins—protectors of the vasculature?

Vascular damage, initiated by host inflammatory cells, is a component of the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Neutrophil‐mediated tissue damage is mediated primarily by proteinases, particularly elastase and cathepsin G. In this study we have identified endothelial binding of two key serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), α‐antitrypsin, the inhibitor of elastase, and α1‐antichymotrypsin, the inhibitor of cathepsin G. These serpins are shed from the endothelium into the supernatant when neutrophils adherent to the endothelium are activated. Endothelium activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments this process. Serpin‐proteinase complexes activate neutrophils and induce further cytokine release, thereby amplifying inflammatory processes. Strategies aimed at preventing endothelial serpin depletion may help minimize vascular damage during inflammation.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Childhood urinary infection associated with vesico-ureteric reflux.

Among 222 children investigated in hospital for urinary infection 98 had vesicoureteric reflux only, and of these a group of 59 has been followed at a special clinic for from three to 14 years (mean 5.4 years). Children with reflux had an earlier age of onset and a greater likelihood of a family history of urinary infection than those with other diagnoses. Fifty-five were conservatively treated, and more than half of these still had reflux at the end of the study. Children with severe grades of reflux and an early onset of symptoms had least chance of reacting favourably to medical treatment. Evidence of renal deterioration was exceptional and virtually confined to the pre-school age group. It is argued that severe grades of reflux in pre-school children should be treated surgically, and that voiding cystograms need only be part of routine investigation in two circumstances, namely when the patient is under five, and on the very rare occasion when an older child shows progressive renal damage in serial pyelograms.

Field of study: Medicine
Verallgemeinerung eines Theorems vonBloch

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, daß sich ein Theorem vonBloch, nach dem der Zustand tiefster freier Energie ein stromloser Zustand ist, zu einem allgemeinen quantentheoretischen Satz verallgemeinern läßt. Besondere Betrachtung finden dabei gewisse gehemmte thermische Gleichgewichte.

Field of study: Physics
On Extra Combinational Delays in SRAM FPGAs Due to Transient Ionizing Radiations

This paper presents a new experimental setup (to our knowledge, the first ever) and results obtained with that setup from which we report extra combinational delays in an SRAM FPGA (Virtex-5) due to transient ionizing radiations. The results, obtained by proton irradiation at the TRIUMF laboratory, show that our setup can detect extra combinatorial delays as small as 40 ps, and that delays of more than 400 ps can affect the targeted FPGA. These results strongly suggest that delay faults can potentially be induced by transient ionizing radiations.

Field of study: Physics
Study of Heat Treatment Process for 0Cr18Ni10 Die Steel

The microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of 0Cr18Ni10 die steel after different heat treatment processes were studied. The results show that small and dispersed carbides can be obtained in the 0Cr18Ni10 die steel after hierarchical annealing and preheating before quenching, and the high temperature oxidation resistance is improved.

Field of study: Materials science
Influence of the permafrost boundary on dissolved organic matter characteristics in rivers within the Boreal and Taiga plains of western Canada

Catchment export of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its downstream degradation in aquatic ecosystems are important components of landscape scale carbon balances. In order to assess the influence of peatland permafrost on river DOM characteristics, we sampled 65 rivers along a 900 km transect crossing into the southern discontinuous permafrost zone on the Boreal and Tundra Plains of western Canada. Catchment peatland cover and catchment location north or south of the permafrost boundary were found together to have strong influences on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DOM chemical composition. River DOC concentrations increased with catchment peatland cover, but were consistently lower for catchments north of the permafrost boundary. In contrast, protein fluorescence (PARAFAC analysis), was unrelated to catchment peatland cover but increased significantly in rivers north of the permafrost boundary. Humic and fulvic acid contribution to DOM fluorescence was lower in rivers draining catchments with large lakes than in other rivers, consistent with extensive photodegradation, but humic and fulvic acid fluorescence were also lower in rivers north of the permafrost boundary than in rivers to the south. We hypothesize that shifts in river DOM characteristics when crossing the permafrost boundary are related to the influence of permafrost on peatland hydrological connectivity to stream networks, peatland DOM characteristics and differences in DOM degradation within aquatic ecosystems.

Field of study: Environmental science
Classical conditioning of aggressive display in Siamese fighting fish.

Unconditioned aggressive-display behavior elicited by the mirror image of a male Siamese Fighting Fish was brought under the control of a previously ineffective stimulus by classical conditioning. A stimulus light repeatedly paired with mirror presentation came to elicit the complex aggressive-behavior sequence. Relative rates of acquisition of four components of the display were compared. Fin erection and undulating movements were acquired most rapidly while gill-cover erection and frontal approach were acquired most slowly. A discriminative conditioning procedure revealed that the response was specifically elicited by the conditioned stimulus, and not a sensitization artifact.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Ordovician paleomagnetic results from the St. George and Table Head carbonates of western Newfoundland

We have studied 85 limestone and dolostone samples from 21 sites of the St. George and Table Head groups (Lower and Middle Ordovician) on Port au Port Peninsula (Humber Zone). Their gentle (~15°) tilt is probably Devonian. A steep viscous component dominant in the natural remanence is removed by thermal and (less efficiently) alternating-field demagnetization. In about 60% of all samples, the thermal treatment yielded a southeasterly reverse component ("A"), which typically remained blocked to 450–500 °C and then decayed to noise. Mean A component directions calculated from Zijderveld plots and referred to bedding are D, I = 148.5°, +33.6 °for N = 9 St. George sites and D, I = 150.0°, I = +40.7 °for N = 5 Table Head sites. Corresponding antipoles are 17.5°N, 152.3°E, dp, dm = 2.8°, 4.9 °and 13.4°N, 149.2°E, dp, dm = 2.9°, 4.7°, respectively. We interpret these results as representative of the geomagnetic field in the Early and mid-Ordovician. In 14 samples, mainly from the older St. George strata, thermal...

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis and modeling of a digital CMOS circuit operation and reliability after gate oxide breakdown: a case study

A CMOS ring oscillator circuit is observed to operate even after a number of its FET's have undergone a hard gate oxide breakdown. The first breakdown is identified with emission microscopy and statistical tools to most likely occur in the circuit's nFET's. A physical model and an equivalent electrical circuit for an nFET after hard gate oxide breakdown are constructed and used to confirm the understanding of the impact of FET gate oxide breakdown on the ring oscillator. The observations are generalized to conclude that, provided stable soft breakdowns are the only gate oxide failures occurring at operating conditions, large parts of digital CMOS circuits will be unaffected by these failures.

Field of study: Engineering