nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the performance correlated defects of metamorphic InGaAs photodetector structures through plane-view EBIC

To evaluate the performance correlated imperfection or defect features of metamorphic InGaAs photodetector structures, a scanning electron microscopy scheme including both plane-view electron beam induced current (EBIC) and secondary electron (SE) images have been used. The abilities, merits and limitations as well as some case-dependent properties of EBIC have been discussed in detail. The devices of similar structures grown on InP or GaAs substrates with quite different lattice mismatch show discriminated defect distribution patterns, prompting their distinct origins, which have been confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation. Using self-developed image processing software the EBIC features of the samples are statistically analyzed, which validated the qualitative correlation between the EBIC data and device dark current. Fusing of EBIC and SE images has also been attempted to enhance the defect visibility. Results indicate that EBIC is feasible to investigate the effects of defects on the device performance not only in research work, but also for product quality monitor purposes.

Field of study: Materials science
Associations between serum relaxin 2, aneurysm formation/size and severity of atherosclerosis: a preliminary prospective analysis

Serum relaxin 2 (RL2) is a pleiotropic hormone that acts on various organs and systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. Although RL2 seems to upregulate the synthesis of nitric monoxide (NO) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, current literature on its role in atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of serum RL2 in patients with an arterial aneurysm as well as in atherosclerotic patients, and correlate them with the severity of their related vascular disease. A total of 53 subjects were enrolled in this study: 37 patients were scheduled to undergo surgery: 21 patients for different forms of atherosclerotic disease (ATH), 16 patients for an arterial aneurysm (AA), 6 patients for undergoing temporal artery biopsy (TAB), and 10 healthy blood donors (HBD) served as the control groups. RL2 was measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. RL2 was significantly higher in AA patients compared to ATH (P<0.01), TAB (P<0.001) and HBD (P<0.01). No significant difference was found between the ATH and TAB groups (P>0.05). In addition, ATH and AA patients were further subdivided based on the severity of their disease. Serum RL2 was progressively increased in patients with arterial aneurysms, showing a positive relationship with the size of the aneurysmatic dilatation. By contrast, the RL2 level was inversely related to the severity of the atherosclerotic disease. Studies with a larger cohort incorporating a consistent study population are warranted to verify our results and shed light on the mechanistic background of these processes.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Analysis of the feasibility of stimulated emission of vacuum ultraviolet radiation from an electron-beam-pumped helium dimer

An analysis is made of the feasibility of constructing a plasma laser utilizing a transition in the He2* molecule to the ground repulsive state (81.5 nm) pumped by an electron beam. The results of numerical calculations based on a detailed self-consistent model of relaxation of a helium plasma are used. In the case of a favorable (so far unknown) ratio of the He2* photodissociation and photoionization cross sections the self-excitation threshold may be attained under conditions close to the limit of present-day technical capabilities.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Quantitative analysis of the fusion cross sections using different microscopic nucleus-nucleus interactions

The fusion cross sections for reactions involving medium and heavy nucleus-nucleus systems are investigated near and above the Coulomb barrier using the one-dimensional barrier penetration model. The microscopic nuclear interaction potential is computed by four methods, namely: the double-folding model based on a realistic density-dependent M3Y NN interaction with a finite-range exchange part, the Skyrme energy density functional in the semiclassical extended Thomas-Fermi approximation, the generalized Proximity potential, and the Akyüz-Winther interaction. The comparison between the calculated and the measured values of the fusion excitation functions indicates that the calculations of the DFM give quite satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, being much better than the other methods. New parameterized forms for the fusion barrier heights and positions are presented. Furthermore, the effects of deformation and orientation degrees of freedom on the distribution of the Coulomb barrier characteristics as well as the fusion cross sections are studied for the reactions 16O + 70Ge and 28Si + 100Mo. The calculated values of the total fusion cross sections are compared with coupled channel calculations using the code CCFULL and compared with the experimental data. Our results reveal that the inclusion of deformations and orientation degrees of freedom improves the comparison with the experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Stroop-Type Interference in Random-Number Generation

We describe a positive correlation between the extent of sequential counting in a random-number generation task and the magnitude of the interference effect in Stroop's color-naming task. This finding is compatible with the view that both counting and reading are highly automatized processes which constitute an inevitable source of interference in randomization and Stroop paradigms, respectively. On the other hand, cognitive psychological theories proposing that a generally biased concept of randomness would be responsible for human subjects' inability to generate true random sequences do not readily account for this correlation. Literature on repetition avoidance indicates this universal effect in random generation is likewise not explainable in terms of some “biased concept of randomness.” Repetition avoidance (“spontaneous alternation”) also occurs in lower invertebrates, is largely independent of mathematical sophistication in humans, dissipates with increasing time between consecutive responses, and is diminished by amnesia. We conclude that the failure of functionally intact organisms to display random behavior is due to basic neuropsychological limitations. In neglecting these biological foundations, “concept of randomness” theories of randomization behavior lack explanatory value.

Field of study: Psychology
A Sense of Wonder: Samuel R. Delany, Race, Identity, and Difference (review)

tity as negotiated, multiple, or intersubjective. Applying this model to Morrison's text, Bergner poses the question: how can a mother "attempt to construct an autonomous identity while maintaining a caring relation to her daughter?" (118). Ultimately, however, Bergner's reading of Beloved only seems to affirm the psychoanalytic position that individuation is constituted by a disruption of the mother-child relation: "the household of women at 124 Bluestone Road is not the safe space of intersubjective recognition that allows articulation of feminine desire . . . but rather a yawning gap of raw desire unsanctioned by language and the social order, and without the luxury of mutual recognition of selfhood. Who or what, if not the father or paternal law, will rupture this overidentification of mother and daughters, bringing them back into the realm of the social?" (137). Taboo Subjects: Race, Sex, and Psychoanalysis represents an important contribution to the ongoing conversation about the intersection of race, gender, and psychoanalysis. It exposes the Freudian primal scene as a male fantasy of female castration that supports the illusion of male power. In addition, it extends the scope of psychoanalysis to race by showing how a "castrating" gaze produces both a feminized and a racialized subject. However, as Bergner herself seems ruefully to admit, in the end, her comparative reading of literary texts and psychoanalytic theory does not seem to achieve her stated goal, which is to find an alternative to a Western model of identity formation that distinguishes the boundaries of the self by the socio-psychic repression of another.

Field of study: Art
SPM-based online fault prediction approach for multivariate continuous processes

Fault prediction for a class of unknown-model multivariate continuous processes with a hidden fault was studied,and a solution was given based on statistical process monitoring(SPM)approach.A principle component analysis(PCA)model using sample data under normal state was built,then the characteristic value for fault prediction was constructed,and time series analysis and prediction were applied to the characteristic value to predict the remaining useful life(RUL)of the system.Aiming at the linear time invariant system,a characteristic value was proposed and the prediction error of RUL was analyzed under some assumptions for system structure and hidden fault.A case study on a CSTR showed the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Seasonal Activity of Aproaerema modicella in Groundnut in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat

Field studies were conducted for twelve years (1994 to 2005) to develop and validate the forecasting model on the activity of groundnut leaf minor (GLM) during different seasons such as summer, kharif and rabi in relation to weather parameters. The leaf miner incidence based on male moth catches in pheromone traps was high during the rabi crop season and reached peak from November to January. Correlation studies between weather parameters and male moth catches of GLM revealed significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and bright sun shine hours while minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity and rainfall showed significant negative correlation during kharif. In rabi, maximum temperature and bright sun shine hours had significant positive correlation while minimum temperature had significant negative correlation. During summer, maximum and minimum temperature and soil temperature at 10 and 20 cm depth and bright sun shine hours had significant negative correlation whereas, the remaining parameters failed to show any significant correlation with the male moth catches. The predicted values of occurrence of GLM using regression equation showed minimum deviation from the actual values of GLM population during certain months, indicating the feasibility of predicting the population occurrence using the prevailing weather factors.

Field of study: Biology
Hybrid siliconized–epoxidized EPDM/polyurethane (eEPDM-g-APTES/HTPDMS/PU) matrices for potential application in cable insulation

Hybrid matrices (epoxidized of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (eEPDM)-g-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)/hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS)/polyurethane (PU)) were developed based on eEPDM with 3-APTES coupling agent and varying weight percentages (0.75, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 wt%) of PU prepolymer as coreactant using 7.5 wt% of HTPDMS as chain extender using suitable experimental conditions. The formation of hybrid matrices and their structure were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The thermal and morphological properties of the hybrid matrices were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break (%), Young’s modulus, and hardness) were characterized as per ASTM standards. Data resulted from mechanical studies, it was noticed that the incorporation of 3-APTES, HTPDMS, and PU into eEPDM has improved the elongation at break (%) and lowered the values of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and hardness according to the percentage concentration. Morphological studies indicate the presence of heterogeneous morphology. Data obtained from different studies, it suggested that the hybrid matrices developed in the present work can be used as cable insulates for high-performance industrial and engineering applications.

Field of study: Materials science
"Lazy" far-lateral approach to the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus.

The far-lateral approach (FLA) has become a mainstay for skull base surgeries involving the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors present a surgical technique using the FLA for the management of lesions of the anterior/ anterolateral foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors consider this modification a "lazy" FLA. The vertebral artery (VA) is both a critical anatomical structure and a barrier that limits access to this region. The most important nuance of this FLA technique is the management of this critical vessel. When the lazy FLA is used, the VA is reflected laterally, encased in its periosteal sheath and wrapped in the dura, greatly minimizing the risk for vertebral injury while preserving a wide working space. To accomplish this step, drilling is performed lateral to the point where the VA pierces the dura. The dura is incised medial to the VA entry point by using a slightly curved longitudinal cut. Drilling of the condyle and the C-1 lateral mass is performed in a manner that preserves craniocervical stability. The lazy FLA is a true FLA that is based on manipulation of the VA and lateral bone removal to obtain excellent exposure ventral to the spinal cord and medulla, yet it is among the most conservative FLA techniques for management of the VA and provides a safer window for bone work and lesion management. Among 44 patients for whom this technique was used to resect 42 neoplasms and clip 2 posterior inferior cerebral artery aneurysms, there was no surgical mortality and no injury to the VA.

Field of study: Medicine
The Impact of Margin Trading on Stock Volatility: Based from 2014 to 2016 Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index

The paper study the impact of margin trading on the volatility of the stock market, We selected 469 observation values among the daily Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index from May 2014 to March 2016. the Granger causality test results are obtained for the model. Empirically study shows that one of the factors affecting stock price fluctuation does include margin trading business, and shows a negative correlation, which plays a more stable role in the stock market.

Field of study: Business
Integrating science and management on coastal marine protected areas in the Southern Gulf of Mexico

The coastal zone of the State of Campeche have some of the Gulf of Mexico’s richest ecosystems characterized by extensive seagrasses, mangrove forests, low-land tidal wetlands, a broad deltaic environment, including the Usumacinta/Laguna de Terminos estuarine ecosystem, and extensive low salinities and brackish wetlands in the Petenes region. Commercial and artisanal fishing, maritime transport, agriculture and cattle grazing in low-land areas, urban expansion, building of highways, and tourism, are important economics activities that are increasing in the State of Campeche. However, the growth needs to occur in a sustainable manner with adequate protection of the coastal ecosystems. The theoretical approach and conceptual basis of the integrated coastal management plan are based on 20 years of scientific research in the region; and from 1990 to the present, a number of projects have been completed which serve as case studies of coastal management coupling science, technology, public participation, and policymaking in the southern Gulf of Mexico. After developing seven “study case” integrating science into policymaking, a management approach was developed considering four main actions: promotion of institutional arrangements, so that the multi-sectorial planning approach be considered in coastal resources development; strengthening of public awareness related to coastal resources management policies and capabilities; gathering, analysis and dissemination of information related to coastal resources development; and provision of technical solutions to coastal resources uses in conflict. Finally this is a case study where science played a significant role in the politics of the policy process, both in protecting key estuarine ecosystem and the planning process defining the ICZM plans.

Field of study: Environmental science
Another Look at CBC Casper Consensus Protocol

Research team has proposed a family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols. It has been shown in the literature that the Casper Friendly Finality Gadget (Casper FFG) cannot achieve liveness property in partially synchronous networks such as the Internet environment. The “Correct-by-Construction” family of Casper blockchain consensus protocols (CBC Casper) has been proposed as a finality gadget for the future Proof-of-Stake (PoS) based Ethereum blockchain. Unfortunately, no satisfactory/constructive finality rules have been proposed for CBC Casper and no satisfactory liveness property has been obtained for CBC Casper. Though it is commonly/widely believed in the community that CBC Casper could not achieve liveness property in asynchronous networks, this paper provides a surprising result by proposing the first CBC Casper protocol that achieves liveness property against t = b 3 c Byzantine participants in completely asynchronous networks. Our result is based on Bracha’s improved version of the seminal Ben-Or Byzantine Fault Tolerance protocol.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Comment on Observation of a Linear Mean-Free-Path Dependence of the Electron-Phonon Scattering Rate in Thick AuPd Films

Recent paper has raised again a question about the electron-phonon (EP) relaxation rate in impure metals. From weak localization (WL) measurements the authors have found that the dephasing rate in AuPd disordered films follows the T(sup 2)el-law (el is the mean free path).

Field of study: Physics
Neutron irradiation effects in InP/InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors

In this paper we report the effects of epi-thermal and high energy neutron irradiation on the DC characteristics of InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors. Significant current gain degradation and collector-emitter offset voltage V/sub CE,off/ shift are the two predominant effects observed on the devices irradiated up to /spl sim/10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2/. The current gain degradation is attributed to the increasing base current due to the increased recombination and tunnel-assisted trapping components. The V/sub CE,off/ shift is explained by the growing base-collector (B-C) junction current caused by the defects introduced in the B-C space charge region (SCR). High, n>2, values of the base current ideality factor are modeled using the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and tunnel-assisted trapping in the base-emitter (B-E) SCR. Finally, devices with the higher emitter perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio (smaller emitter) showed less degradation than the larger devices, suggesting that the degradation is primarily due to the change of the bulk properties.

Field of study: Physics
Evaluation and Elucidation of DNA-Containing Viologen Dendrimer Complex Formation

The syntheses of a tetracationic viologen and polycationic viologen dendrimers are described in this report. These water-soluble viologen dendrimers, the tetracationic viologen, and their DNA-containing complexes have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy with respect to their stability and effectiveness as possible transfection systems. The appearance of a negative potential shift and the loss of current in the cyclovoltammograms of viologen dendriplexes have been attributed to DNA/dendrimer complex formation. Oligomers of viologen with at least 4 positive charges are required for the formation of a primary DNA-viologen complex. The dynamics of the formation of a secondary complex was observed and studied by cyclic voltammetry. AFM measurements together with molecular modeling support the electrochemical results and show two different aggregates of the dendriplexes on gold.

Field of study: Chemistry
The Cenomanian/Turonian oceanic anoxic event in the South Atlantic: New insights from a geochemical study of DSDP Site 530A

One of the key objectives of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 75 was to shed light on the underlying causes of Cretaceous oceanic anoxia in the South Atlantic by addressing two major hypotheses: productivity productivity-driven anoxia vs. enhanced ocean stratification leading to preservation of organic matter and black shale deposition. Here we present a detailed geochemical dataset from sediments deposited during the Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) transition and the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE 2) at DSDP Site 530A, located off-shore Namibia (southeast Angola Basin, north of Walvis Ridge). To characterise the succession of alternating black and green shales at this site and to reconstruct the evolution of their paleoenvironmental setting, we have combined data derived from investigations on bulk organic matter, biomarkers and the inorganic fraction. The location of the C/T boundary itself is biostratigraphically not well constrained due to the carbonate-poor (but organic matter-rich) facies of these sediments. The bulk δ13Corg record and compound-specific δ13C data, in combination with published as well as new biostratigraphic data, enabled us to locate more precisely the C/T boundary at DSDP Site 530A. The compound-specific δ13C record is the first of this kind reported from C/T black shales in the South Atlantic. It is employed for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and chemostratigraphic correlation to other C/T sections in order to discuss the paleoceanographic aspects and implications of the observations at DSDP Site 530A in a broader context, e.g., with regard to the potential trigger mechanisms of OAE 2, global changes in black shale deposition and climate. On a stratigraphic level, an approximation and monitoring of the syndepositional degree of oxygen depletion within the sediments/bottom waters in comparison to the upper water column is achieved by comparing normalised concentrations of redox-sensitive trace elements with the abundance of highly source specific molecular compounds. These biomarkers are derived from photoautotrophic and simultaneously anoxygenic green sulphur bacteria (Chlorobiacea) and are interpreted as paleoindicators for events of photic zone euxinia. In contrast to a number of other OAE 2 sections that are characterised by continuous black shale sequences, DSDP Site 530A represents a highly dynamic setting where newly deposited black shales were repeatedly exposed to conditions of subtle bottom water re-oxidation, presumably leading to their progressive alteration into green shales. The frequent alternation between both facies and the related anoxic to slight oxygenated conditions can be best explained by variations in vertical extent of an oxygen minimum zone in response to changes in a highly productive western continental margin setting driven by upwelling.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Likelihood-enhanced fast rotation functions.

Experiences with the molecular-replacement program Beast have shown that maximum-likelihood rotation targets are more sensitive to the correct orientation than traditional targets. However, this comes at a high computational cost: brute-force rotation searches can take hours or even days of computation time on current desktop computers. Series approximations to the full likelihood target have been developed that can be computed by fast Fourier transforms in minutes. These likelihood-enhanced targets are more sensitive to the correct orientation than the Crowther fast rotation function and they take advantage of information from partial solutions. The likelihood-enhanced rotation targets have been implemented in the program Phaser.

Field of study: Chemistry