nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of cadmium and simulated acid rain on cadmium accumulation in ryegrass and Cd form in soil

The release and form distribution, transformation of Cd in different Cd polluted soils affected by simulated acid rain were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the growth of ryegrass was inhibited, and the total content of Cd increased obviously as increasing acidity of simulated acid rain and Cd concentration in soil. The content of Cd in root was higher than in overground parts. The quantity of active fraction of Cd in soils increased, and the active ability enhanced with the increase of rain acidy. Also, the main Cd was of exchange form in soil, and bioavailable form of Cd increased markedly. In a short time, simulated acid rain and Cd are all harmful to ryegrass, and the effect of Cd is more serious than simulated acid rain.The combined effects of Cd and simulated acid rain on environment are more harmful than Cd and simulated acid rain individual.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Geometric approach to Hall algebra of representations of Quivers over local ring

By using perverse sheaves on representation spaces of quivers over $k[t]/(t^n)$ and jet schemes over flag varieties, we construct a geometric composition algebra $\mathbf K$ under Lusztig's framework on geometric realizations of the negative part of quantum algebras. Simple perverse sheaves in $\mathbf K$ form the canonical basis of $\mathbf K$. The relationships among the algebra $\mathbf K$, the composition algebra of locally projective representations of quivers over $k[t]/(t^n)$ and quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebra are provided.

Field of study: Mathematics
Pedagogy of Reflective Writing in Professional Education

Educators in professional programs are challenged to utilize pedagogical approaches that best prepare students with knowledge, values, and skills for professional practice. Providing academic content alone may not provide the problem-solving skills necessary for practice in a complex world in which practitioners must analyze, evaluate, and revise knowledge. Thus, reflective process becomes a core skill for functioning effectively in a diverse and complex practice environment. Analysis of data from focus groups with social work students is presented. Implications for using reflective writing are discussed as a pedagogical tool for preparing students for professional practice.

Field of study: Education
Religion in the Workplace: Eweida and Others v United Kingdom

The European Court of Human Rights judgment in Eweida and Others v United Kingdom dealt with the increasingly controversial questions of religious symbols at work and the clash between free conscience and anti‐discrimination norms. In a change of approach, it held that the right to resign could no longer be seen as adequate protection for religious freedom and that workplace norms that restrict religious liberty must satisfy a proportionality test. However, it accorded a wide margin of appreciation to States in reconciling freedom of conscience and freedom from discrimination, ruling that the importance of non‐discrimination could justify a failure to exempt a religious individual from complying with a policy forbidding discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation.

Field of study: Law
Preparation, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) and Its Nanocomposites Prepared from Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate

Polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate (pCBT) casts and pCBT/nano-silica composites generated from cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) were manufactured. The mechanical properties of pCBT casts with various ratio of catalyst were investigated through three-point bending test, and the thermal properties of the samples were tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the fracture morphologies of pCBT as well as its nano-silica composites were observed by SEM. From the study, suitable catalyst content for CBT resin was determined and pCBT/nano-silica composites were found to have better thermal performances compared with neat pCBT.

Field of study: Materials science
Effect of oral supplementation on nutrition indicators in hemodialysis patients

To test the effectiveness of daily consumption of enteral nutrition supplement in improving serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, and creatinine, dietary intake of protein and calories, and anthropometrics.  Four-month prospective clinical trial with self-selected assignment to intervention (nutrition supplement and education) or control (nutrition education).  Eleven maintenance hemodialysis patients who are routinely dialyzed at the University of Virginia Kidney Center. Six patients were selected for intervention group.  Increase in serum albumin levels for patients consuming nutrition supplement.  All short-term nutritional parameters increased for the supplemented group. Serum albumin levels showed statistically significant ( P  The nutritional status of hemodialysis patients is frequently compromised by uremia, catabolism, poor appetite, dialysis losses, dietary restrictions, and psychosocial constraints. The pilot trial shows the use of consistent intake of nutritional supplements in improving short-term nutrition indicators of hemodialysis patients, and suggests the potential for long-term use of these products in improving health and well-being.

Field of study: Medicine
Identifying coastal and marine priority areas for conservation in the United Arab Emirates

The waters of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) host a diversity of marine and coastal habitats that are under increasing pressure from multiple anthropogenic activities related to rapid economic growth. In response, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) currently cover 12% of the UAE’s coastal and marine zones. The UAE National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan aims to increase the extent of protection to 14% by 2021, a target that exceeds current global commitments. We applied systematic conservation planning to (1) assess whether conservation features (i.e. species and habitats of conservation concern) are adequately represented in the current system of MPAs, and (2) identify complementary coastal and marine priority areas for conservation and management. Eight planning scenarios were produced based on different conservation targets, the inclusion (or not) of existing MPAs in the generated solutions, and the consideration (or not) of dredging (an activity linked with coastal development in the UAE). A gap analysis demonstrated that to achieve the targets set by experts for all conservation features, additional areas would need to be integrated in conservation plans and policies. Key coastal and marine priority areas were consistently selected for conservation across all planning scenarios. The findings of this work provide a basis for the identification of conservation priorities that can be embedded in the current network of MPAs by extending their boundaries, in post-2020 conservation strategies including plans for creating new MPAs, and in broader spatial planning initiatives.

Field of study: Environmental science
Static Hand Gesture Recognition based on Elastic Graph Matching

Hand gesture recognition has become one of the key techniques of human-computer interaction HCI.In this paper, a new static hand gesture recognition algorithm is presented. This algorithm is based on the idea of elastic graph matching?穴EGM?雪 and selects the appropriate Gabor elementary expansion functions in the situations of gestures' translation, rotation and scale.This algorithm tests the number hand gestures from 1 to 9. The experiment result shows that this algorithm is feasible.

Field of study: Computer science
Generation and characterization of a perfect vortex beam with a large topological charge through a digital micromirror device.

Optical vortices are associated with a spatial phase singularity. Such a beam with a vortex is valuable in optical microscopy, hyper-entanglement, and optical levitation. In these applications, vortex beams with a perfect circle shape and a large topological charge are highly desirable. But the generation of perfect vortices with high topological charges is challenging. We present a novel method to create perfect vortex beams with large topological charges using a digital micromirror device (DMD) through binary amplitude modulation and a narrow Gaussian approximation. The DMD with binary holograms encoding both the spatial amplitude and the phase could generate fast switchable, reconfigurable optical vortex beams with significantly high quality and fidelity. With either the binary Lee hologram or the superpixel binary encoding technique, we were able to generate the corresponding hologram with high fidelity and create a perfect vortex with topological charge as large as 90. The physical properties of the perfect vortex beam produced were characterized through measurements of propagation dynamics and the focusing fields. The measurements show good consistency with the theoretical simulation. The perfect vortex beam produced satisfies high-demand utilization in optical manipulation and control, momentum transfer, quantum computing, and biophotonics.

Field of study: Physics
A Resource-based Model of Microbial Quiescence

To analyze the ecological features of microbial quiescence, a model is proposed that involves “wake-up” rate and “sleep” rate at which the population transitions from a quiescent to an active state and back, respectively. These rates depend continuously on the resources and turn on and off at resource thresholds which may not coincide. The usual dichotomy is observed: the population is washed out under environmental stress and a single “survival” steady state exists otherwise. Proportional nutrient enrichment is used to explore analytically as well as numerically the nature of the steady state which bifurcates from the washout state.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Truncal Adiposity Influences High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients.

Adiposity influences lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between fat mass (FM) and lipid metabolism and CVD events among patients on hemodialysis (HD).



This prospective observational study examined 240 patients on prevalent HD. Blood samples were obtained before dialysis at baseline to measure lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, and adiponectin. Lipids and hs-CRP were measured every 3 months for 12 months. FM was estimated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometric scan at baseline and 12 months later. Patients were then prospectively followed up for 36 months after the 1-year measurement period, and composite CVD events were estimated.



Truncal FM was positively correlated with body mass index, hs-CRP, interleukin-6, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-C, triglyceride, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and adiponectin at baseline. HDL-C levels were repeatedly decreased, and triglyceride and non-HDL-C were serially increased in the patient group with truncal FM > 7,000 g at both baseline and 12 months (large truncal FM group) compared with the other groups. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders showed composite CVD events occurred significantly in patients with large truncal FM and continuous low HDL-C levels.



Truncal adiposity influences lipid metabolism in patients on HD, and the prevalence of CVD events may be increased in those patients with high fat and lipid abnormalities, especially continuously low HDL-C levels.

Field of study: Medicine
Analysis of active control by surface heating

The excitation of boundary-layer disturbances by active, localized periodic heating of the flow surfaces is investigated analytically. A triple-deck model is used in the matched-asymptotics approach, and the incompressible case with small temperature variations, a linearized 3-deck problem, is considered. This case corresponds to the experimental (water-tunnel) conditions of Liepmann et al. (1982), who demonstrated that the induced disturbances can be used to enhance or suppress the Tollmien-Schlichting waves. Here the energy equation is uncoupled from the momentum and continuity equations to permit definition of the thermal-sublayer temperature profile by superposition of canonical solutions, which are presented in an appendix. A diagram of the 3-deck structure and graphs of calculated results are included.

Field of study: Physics
Genebank biodiversity assessments regarding optimal sample size and seed harvesting techniques for the regeneration of carrot accessions

Small, finite populations are particularly vulnerable to diversity loss during regeneration. The regeneration of a highly outbreeding open-pollinated variety relies on estimated effective population size, via the measurement of temporal change in allele frequencies. Using appropriate estimators for dominant gene markers, effective sizes were calculated for five sizes of a mating population and two seed harvesting procedures. We have shown that, in the case of carrot regeneration, 70 equally harvested plants should provide an effective size (Ne) of at least 50 plants. This value seems sufficient to limit genetic drift and to preserve an efficient level of genetic diversity within the collection. The efficiency of balanced samples (made of an equal number of seeds per plant) is compared to that of bulk samples (seeds randomly chosen among the total seed lot coming from all the plants).

Field of study: Environmental science
Differential distribution of synapsin IIa and IIb mRNAs in various brain structures and the effect of chronic morphine administration on the regional expression of these isoforms.

Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization techniques were used to determine the regional distribution of synapsin IIa and IIb mRNAs in rat central nervous system and to assess the effect of chronic morphine administration on the gene expression of these two isoforms of synapsin II. These isoforms are members of a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins thought to be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Our data demonstrate the widespread distribution, yet regionally variable expression, of synapsin IIa and IIb mRNAs throughout the adult rat brain and spinal cord. The ratios of the relative abundance of synapsins IIa and IIb differed by up to 4.5-fold among the various regions studied. Synapsin IIa and IIb mRNAs were shown to be highly concentrated in the thalamus and in the hippocampus, whereas lower concentrations were found in most other central nervous system structures. In this study, we show differential regulation by morphine of synapsins IIa and IIb in various regions of the brain. In the striatum, a 2.4-fold increase was observed in the levels of synapsin IIa mRNA following chronic morphine regime, whereas no change was found for synapsin IIb. On the other hand, mRNA levels of synapsin IIb in spinal cord of chronically treated rats were markedly decreased (by 62%), while no alterations were observed in synapsin IIa. Selective regulation by morphine has also been demonstrated in several other central nervous system structures. The opiate-induced regulation of the gene expression of synapsin II isoforms could be viewed as one of the cellular adaptations to the persistent opiate effects and may be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying opiate tolerance and/or dependence.

Field of study: Biology
Laser Interferometric Characterization of Acoustic Emission Transducers

The characterization of the exact response of commercially available, piezoelectric and thin film, acoustic emission transducers is of fundamental importance for the nondestructive evaluation of in-service engineering components. An experimental procedure is developed that uses a laser interferometer to make localized, absolute measurements, with very high fidelity without acoustically loading the specimen. The heterodyne interferometer is operated by splitting a single frequency laser light into two components using an acousto-optic modulator. An important feature of the system is that a linear FM discriminator is used to demodulate the carrier; as a result, the interferometer behaves as a doppler shift detector. An ultrasonic transducer is used to create a repeatable source function on an elastic half-space. The interferometer's response is verified with analytical results, and used to characterize the response of commercially available transducers.

Field of study: Engineering
The selecting and Breeding of Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.20 Induced by Space Flight

This is the first time that selecting and breeding new stylo accessions Induced by space flight.Space exposed seed were sown and single planted,and anthracnose rating,vigor,date of flower and other agronomical characters and color of flower,hair,et al,total 14 botanical charcters were observated after inoculuation text of anthracnose pathogenetic fungi,85 lines were selected out 4 years later by individual selection and inoculuation text.After that total 26 accessions were selected from 85 lines and a series of experiment was carried out.The preliminary result showed that Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.20 has the high yield and adaptability,resistance to anthracnose and good dry tolerace;Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.20 also has high adaptative to sandy soil to heavy clay soil and especially can tolerance acid soil morn pH 4.0～5.0,low fertilizer soil and low phosphatic fertilizer soil.S.g.cv.Reyan No.20 adapted to plant in tropical and sub-tropical regions especially release in South-china.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Stress Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick-Walled Cylindrical Vessels

In this paper, a simple and accurate method is presented to determine deformations and stresses in thick-walled cylindrical vessels made of functionally graded materials under internal pressure and uniform temperature. The governing equation with the consideration of varying Young’s modulus and thermal expansion coefficient along the radial direction is derived from the basic equations of axisymmetric plane strain problems in elasticity. The comparison with the corresponding numerical solution indicates that the proposed solution has excellent convergence and accuracy. The effects of the coefficients, which affect Young’s modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient, on the deformation and stresses in thick-walled cylindrical vessels are investigated.

Field of study: Physics
"O Beloved Kids": Rudyard Kipling's Letters to His Children, and: Robert Louis Stevenson and "The Beach of Falesá": A Study in Victorian Publishing with the Original Text, and: The Imaginary Reminiscences of Sir Max Beerbohm (review)

Rudyard Kipling. "0 Beloved Kids": Rudyard Kipling's Letters to His Children. Ed. Elliot L. Gilbert. San Diego: Harcourt, 1984. 225 pp. $16.95. Barry Menikoff. Robert Louis Stevenson and "The Beach of Falesd": A Study in Victorian Publishing with the Original Text. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1984. 199 pp. $24.50. Ira Grushow. The Imaginary Reminiscences of Sir Max Beerbohm. Athens: Ohio U P/Swallow, 1984. 304 pp. $28.95.

Field of study: Art
The Segal-Bargmann transform for unitary groups in the large-N limit

This paper describes results of the author with B. K. Driver and T. Kemp concerning the large-N limit of the Segal--Bargmann transform for the unitary group U(N). We consider the transform on matrix-valued functions that are polynomials in a single variable in U(N). We show that in the large-N limit, the transform maps functions of this type to single-variable polynomial functions on the complex group GL(N;C). This result was conjectured by Ph. Biane and was also proved independently by G. C\'ebron. The first main ingredient in our proof of this result is an "asymptotic product rule" for the Laplacian on U(N), which allows us to compute explicitly the leading-order large-N behavior of the heat operator on U(N). The second main ingredient in the proof is the phenomenon of "concentration of traces," in which the relevant heat kernel measures are concentrating onto sets where the trace of any power of the variable is constant.

Field of study: Mathematics
α-Lipoic acid inhibit the decrease of collagen deposition in ultravioled B-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts cell culture

Repeated ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on human skin has been considered to be responsible in premature aging process because UVB has been proved to inhibit collagen deposition and accelerates collagen degradation. Clinical studies showed that topical usage of 5% α-lipoic acid (ALA) improved the clinical appearance of photoaged skin. However, the effect of ALA on collagen deposition and degradation in UVB-irradiated normal human skin fibroblasts culture has not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ALA on collagen deposition and degradation in UVB-irradiated cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. Culture of normal human skin fibroblasts were treated with 0, 125, 250, 500 μM ALA diluted in complete Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and irradiated with 300 mJ/cm2 UVB. The mean collagen deposition and degradation’s level were measured by Sirius red assay and read with spectrophotometer at λ 550 nm. Mean difference of collagen deposition as expressed by optical density (OD) between normal human skin fibroblasts cell after UVB irradiation and without UVB irradiation was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Friedman test, while mean difference collagen degradation was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t test with 95% confidence level (p 0.05). In conclusion, ALA inhibited the decrease of collagen deposition, but did not inhibit collagen degradation in UVB-irradiated normal human skin fibroblasts culture.  α-lipoic acid - collagen - human skin - fibroblasts – UVB - irradiation

Field of study: Medicine
Bubble-free policy feedback rules

We consider a broad class of linear dynamic stochastic rational-expectations models made of a finite number N of structural equations for N+1 endogenous variables and to be closed by one policy feedback rule. We design, for any model of this class and any stationary VARMA solution of that model, a "bubble-free" policy feedback rule ensuring that this solution is not only the unique stationary solution of the closed model, but also its unique solution. We apply these results to locally linearisable models of the monetary transmission mechanism and obtain interest-rate rules that not only ensure the local determinacy of the targeted equilibrium in the neighbourhood of the steady state considered, but also prevent the economy from gradually leaving this neighbourhood.

Field of study: Economics