nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Detection Method for Ractopamine with Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor: Continuous Detection Method for Ractopamine with Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

The interaction between the anti-Ractopamine ( Rac) monoclonal antibody and the Rac derivation immobilized on the sensor chip surface was studied with surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) biosensor. A continuous detection method based on the linear response during the association phase was developed. The sensor chip surface was regenerated after several tests performed continuously,thus the detection step was simplified and the life span of the chip was prospected to be prolonged. The detection was performed as an inhibitive immunoassay. The mixture of anti-Rac monoclonal antibody and the sample flowed over the surface with Rac derivation was immobilized. The relative response was in inversely proportion to the concentration of Rac. The detection limit was less than 4 μg/L with a detection time of 15 min.

Field of study: Chemistry
Acidobacteria dominate the active bacterial communities of Arctic tundra with widely divergent winter-time snow accumulation and soil temperatures.

The timing and extent of snow cover is a major controller of soil temperature and hence winter-time microbial activity and plant diversity in Arctic tundra ecosystems. To understand how snow dynamics shape the bacterial communities, we analyzed the bacterial community composition of windswept and snow-accumulating shrub-dominated tundra heaths of northern Finland using DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA gene community fingerprinting (terminal restriction fragment polymorphism) and clone library analysis. Members of the Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial communities of both windswept and snow-accumulating habitats with the most abundant phylotypes corresponding to subdivision (SD) 1 and 2 Acidobacteria in both the DNA- and RNA-derived community profiles. However, different phylotypes within Acidobacteria were found to dominate at different sampling dates and in the DNA- vs. RNA-based community profiles. The results suggest that different species within SD1 and SD2 Acidobacteria respond to environmental conditions differently and highlight the wide functional diversity of these organisms even within the SD level. The acidic tundra soils dominated by ericoid shrubs appear to select for diverse stress-tolerant Acidobacteria that are able to compete in the nutrient poor, phenolic-rich soils. Overall, these communities seem stable and relatively insensitive to the predicted changes in the winter-time snow cover.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Biogenic catalysis in sulphide minerals' weathering processes and acid mine drainage genesis.

Bioleaching and biogenesis are the main outputs from a large group of environmental processes participating in the natural material cycle, used in raw materials processing. Bio-oxidation reactions are the main basis for bioleaching procedures, often participating in parallel leaching processes. During the leaching processes of polycomponent sulphide substrates, the factor of process selection also plays an important role, being in direct relation to the electric properties and galvanic effect occurring between the individual components of the leaching substrate. This work gives a summary of the results of a research focused on the possibilities of using biotechnological procedures for treatment of Slovak sulphide ores. The object of the research is extraction of valuable metals, undesirable admixtures and degradation of crystal lattice of sulphides for subsequent chemical leaching processing of precious metals. The results of experiments on the existence of biogenic processes in situ on waste dumps from exploitation containing residual sulphides are also presented. The processes result in acid mine drainage water generation. These waters are strongly mineralised (over 48 g/L) and of low pH; that is why they are very caustic. The arsenic content (2.558 mg/L) in outflowing waters from old mines is high and over the limits set by the law.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
HLA antigen frequencies in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic male alcoholics: a controlled study.

Although epidemiological data suggest that the development of cirrhosis in alcohol abusers is related to the duration and amount of ethanol intake, the fact that only a small percentage of alcohol abusers develop cirrhosis remains unexplained and suggests a possible predisposing genetic factor. Several previous studies have reported an association between various human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and alcoholic cirrhosis. In this study HLA antigen frequencies were determined in Anglo- and Spanish-American cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholics and in a control group of nonalcoholic patients without liver disease. No statistically significant differences in HLA frequencies among the groups were found. Our comparisons of HLA frequencies between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholic patients do not support the hypothesis that individual susceptibility to the development of alcoholic cirrhosis is genetically determined.

Field of study: Medicine
A Study of the Impact of Business Process on the ERP System Effectiveness

An ERP implementation takes many years to complete and requires a large amount of IT investment and their effectiveness is hard to evaluate. Companies implement ERP systems to integrate the business processes of a company, and help organizations obtain a competitive advantage. In each ERP implementation stage, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) plays different important roles. This study examined the process problems (system process / business process), BPR and performance of ERP systems by using the questionnaire survey and AVOVA analysis. We also examined the relationship between degree of BPR and ERP system performance using regression analysis.

Field of study: Business
LABVIEW SOFTWARE-BASED BUILDING SUPERVISING AND EVENTS MONITOR SYSTEM FOR NET ZERO-ENERGY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION

As it is well known that due to the continuously decreasing trend of the alternative energy technologies and the increase in the costs of the traditional fossil fuels, the development of resident or commercial buildings with greatly reduced energy needs becomes a high ranked and more pressing scientific challenge. In topic with this technological and scientific provocation, the paper presents a LabView software-based building supervising and events monitor system designed and developed with the basic purpose to serve as support for net zero-energy control strategies implementation in intelligent buildings. Afterwards a brief presentation of the adopted intelligent building development strategy and the net zero-energy concept are presented and discussed. Once these theoretical aspects have been expressed and clarified, a multi-layer type implementation is unfolded, where the background layer is a building supervising and events monitor system. The main software development steps of this system are...

Field of study: Engineering
Study on Flow of Flotation-metallurgical Process for a Certain Arsenic-bearing Au-Cu Sulphide Ore

The paper introduces test flow and result of flotation-metallurgical process for a certain arsenic-bearing Au-Cu sulphide ore;analyzes and discusses flotation-metallurgical process for the arsenic-bearing Au-Cu sulphide ore,and flow of flotation-metallurgical process used for ore processing is put forward in the paper.

Field of study: Materials science
Estimated 2017 refrigerant emissions of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) in the United States resulting from automobile air conditioning.

In response to recent regulations and concern over climate change, the global automotive community is evaluating alternatives to the current refrigerant used in automobile air conditioning units, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a. One potential alternative is 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf, also known as HFO-1234yf). We have developed a spatially and temporally resolved inventory of likely future HFC refrigerant emissions from the U.S. vehicle fleet in 2017, considering regular, irregular, servicing, and end-of-life leakages. We estimate the annual leak rate emissions for each leakage category for a projected 2017 U.S. vehicle fleet by state, and spatially apportion these leaks to a 36 km square grid over the continental United States. This projected inventory is a necessary first step in analyzing for potential atmospheric and ecosystem effects, such as ozone and trifluoroacetic acid production, that might result from widespread replacement of HFC-134a with HFC-1234yf.

Field of study: Environmental science
Density dependence of the symmetry energy from neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei

The density dependence of the symmetry energy around saturation density, characterized by the slope parameter L , is studied using information provided by the neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei. An estimate for L is obtained from experimental data on neutron skins extracted from antiprotonic atoms. We also discuss the ability of parity-violating elastic electron scattering to obtain information on the neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and to constrain the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. The size and shape of the neutron density distribution of 208Pb predicted by mean-field models is briefly addressed. We conclude with a comparative overview of the L values predicted by several existing determinations.

Field of study: Physics
Probing entrainment of Ostreococcus tauri circadian clock by green and blue light through a mathematical modeling approach

Most organisms anticipate daily environmental variations and orchestrate cellular functions thanks to a circadian clock which entrains robustly to the day/night cycle, despite fluctuations in light intensity due to weather or seasonal variations. Marine organisms are also subjected to fluctuations in light spectral composition as their depth varies, due to differential absorption of different wavelengths by sea water. Studying how light input pathways contribute to circadian clock robustness is therefore important. Ostreococcus tauri, a unicellular picoplanktonic marine green alga with low genomic complexity and simple cellular organization, has become a promising model organism for systems biology. Functional and modeling approaches have shown that a core circadian oscillator based on orthologs of Arabidopsis TOC1 and CCA1 clock genes accounts for most experimental data acquired under a wide range of conditions. Some evidence points at putative light input pathway(s) consisting of a two-component signaling system (TCS) controlled by the only two histidine kinases (HK) of O. tauri. LOV-HK is a blue light photoreceptor under circadian control, that is required for circadian clock function. An involvement of Rhodopsin-HK (Rhod-HK) is also conceivable since rhodopsin photoreceptors mediate blue to green light input in animal circadian clocks. Here, we probe the role of LOV-HK and Rhod-HK in mediating light input to the TOC1-CCA1 oscillator using a mathematical model incorporating the TCS hypothesis. This model agrees with clock gene expression time series representative of multiple environmental conditions in blue or green light, characterizing entrainment by light/dark cycles, free-running in constant light, and resetting. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that both blue and green light can reset O. tauri circadian clock. Moreover, our mathematical analysis suggests that Rhod-HK is a blue-green light receptor and drives the clock together with LOV-HK.

Field of study: Biology
Isolation of soil Streptomyces strains capable of degrading humic acids and analysis of their peroxidase activity

Fifteen Streptomyces strains capable of decolorizing humic acids in presence of glucose were isolated from soil samples using the dilute suspension technique and spread on agar plates. Six strains, displaying a significant and stable activity, were selected for further characterization. Some features of these isolates (carbon source utilization, enzyme production, antibiotic resistance) were compared with those of the reference strain Streptomyces viridosporus ATCC 39115. Degradation properties studied in batch cultures at pH 7.0 showed that the catabolic activity on humic acids was generally stimulated by incubation with 100% oxygen and was cell surface-associated. Peroxidase activity from cell-free extracts was analysed by using the oxidation of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-phenylene-diamine. PAGE analysis revealed the existence of two major types of peroxidases (molecular mass: about 39.2 and 61.6 kDa), dividing the strains into two groups. The role of cell surface-associated peroxidase activity in the breakdown of humic acids is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Method for Detecting the Collision of Multiple RFID Tags

A method for detecting collision of multiple RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tags is proposed and implemented in a RFID reader compliant with the ISO/IEC18000-6C standard.The collision flag for RFID tags are generated by the decode module of the digital receiver of RFID reader through detecting the received signals' violations against the data encoding principals specified in the RFID standard.According to the test results,the precision of the proposed method is up to 99 percent,which makes it a reliable foundation for the implementation of ALOHA-based anti-collision algorithms in RFID readers.After adopting the proposed collision detection method in several anti-collision algorithms for multiple RFID tags,the test result shows that the identification throughput of RFID reader can be improved about 30~40 percent on average.

Field of study: Computer science
Treatment principles of brain arteriovenous malformations of supratentorial localization in children

: Treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in children is an important problem of children surgery. An aim of the study was to determine an optimal method of treatment. We analyzed the results of examination and treatment of 300 children, aged from 3 months to 18 years, with brain AVM who were admitted to the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in 1995-2010. AVM of large brain hemispheres were found in 223 children and 77 children had AVM of deep brain structures. The results of the following surgeries are reviewed: endovascular surgery (64 patients), dissections of AVM (87), radiosurgery (77), combined treatment (42). Surgeries were not performed in 30 cases. The total post surgery lethality was 0,7%. It has been concluded that the method of AVM treatment in children should be chosen individually for every child on the basis of the complex analysis of several criteria (age of the child, AVM localization and angioarchitectonics as well as a variant of clinical course of the disease).

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
India’s energy and emissions future: an interpretive analysis of model scenarios

As a significant emitter of greenhouse gases, but also as a developing country starting from a low emissions base, India is an important actor in global climate change mitigation. However, perceptions of India vary widely, from an energy-hungry climate deal-breaker to a forerunner of a low carbon future. Developing clarity on India's energy and emissions future is challenged by the uncertainties of India's development transitions, including its pathway through a demographic and urban transition within a rapidly changing policy context. Model-based scenario analyses provide widely varying projections, in part because they make differing assumptions, often implicit, about these transitions. To address the uncertainty in India's energy and emissions future, this letter applies a novel interpretive approach to existing scenario studies. First, we make explicit the implied development, technology and policy assumptions underlying model-based analysis in order to cluster and interpret results. In a second step, we analyse India's current policy landscape and use that as a benchmark against which to judge scenario assumptions and results. Using this interpretive approach, we conclude that, based on current policies, a doubling of India's CO2 energy-related emissions from 2012 levels is a likely upper bound for its 2030 emissions and that this trajectory is consistent with meeting India's Paris emissions intensity pledge. Because of its low emissions starting point, even after a doubling, India's 2030 per capita emissions will be below today's global average and absolute emissions will be less than half of China's 2015 emissions from the same sources. The analysis of recent policy trends further suggests a lower than expected electricity demand and a faster than expected transition from coal to renewable electricity. The letter concludes by making an argument for interpretive approaches as a necessary complement to scenario analysis, particularly in rapidly changing development contexts.

Field of study: Environmental science
Region und Industrialisierung.

Die kapitalistische Industrialisierung wird zwar heute als globaler Prozess betrachtet, dennoch neigen die meisten Wirtschaftshistoriker – mindestens seit der Hälfte des letzten Jahrhunderts – zur Auffassung, dass sich dieser Prozess regional durchgesetzt hat, und dass er also neben den allgemein geltenden Regelmäßigkeiten und Gesetzmäßigkeiten auch eine Reihe regionaler, den Bedingungen des gegebenen Gebietes entsprechender Besonderheiten aufwies. Diese regionalen Besonderheiten zu identifizieren, ihre Ursachen zu erklären und auf dieser Grundlage deren Einfluss zu definieren, ist eine der Teilaufgaben des weitgehend umfassenderen Projektes, dessen Ziel es ist, den historischen Modernisierungsprozess in Österreichisch-Schlesien, einer Provinz der habsburgischen Monarchie, im lagen neunzehnten Jahrhundert darzustellen. Obwohl sich in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten auch in der tschechischen Geschichtsschreibung die historische Schlesienforschung – insbesondere den tschechischen Teil betreffend – in bedeutender Weise entfaltet hat, so bleibt doch eine Reihe historischer Prozesse und Ereignisse in der Geschichte dieses Kronlandes, die bislang entweder der Aufmerksamkeit der Historiker entgegen sind, oder nur teilweise ausgewertet wurden. Darunter gehören leider auch Prozesse, die in diesem Landstrich seit dem Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Großen Krieg (1914–1918) stattgefunden hatten und von entschiedender Bedeutung waren für die Transformation von einem traditionellen auf Basis der Agrarwirtschaft und Ständegesellschaft beruhendem Land zu einer modernen, im Kontext der Habsbrugermonarchie einer wohl am intensivsten industriallisierten Provinz. Im Zusammenhang mit der Erforschung allgemeiner Merkmale sowie der Besonderheiten des Modernisierungsprozesses in Schlesien erscheinen im Blickfeld der Forschers Fragen, ohne deren Lösung es nur eine geringe Chance gibt zu einer sinnvollen Synthese zu gelangen. Drei von solchen vernachlässigten Themen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, insbesondere des Industrialisierungsprozesses werden in den Kapiteln dieses Buches behandelt.

Field of study: Economics, History
The effects of viral infections on renal transplants and their recipients.

A prospective study of viral infections occurring after 188 renal transplants in 167 patients showed active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after 52 per cent of transplantations. All 37 CMV seronegative cases who received grafts from seronegative donors remained free of infection, while 24 (70.6 per cent) of 34 seronegative recipients whose donors were seropositive developed primary CMV infection (p less than 0.001). The diagnosis of 92 per cent of these primary infections was made between one and two months after grafting. Secondary CMV infection was found in 71 (62 per cent) of 114 seropositive cases, and the frequency of infection was not affected by the CMV status of the renal donor. Neither acute rejection episodes nor total graft rejections were associated with primary or secondary infections. CMV was isolated from a colonic abscess and the relationship of the virus to the intestinal disease is discussed. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 47 per cent of cases and 32 per cent had an increase in antibody titre. Zoster was seen in nine patients, representing an incidence of 3.4 per cent per year. Other viral or mycoplasmal infections diagnosed included 71 due to respiratory tract pathogens, and a single case of hepatitis B. None of these infections was particularly severe or frequent and no association with graft rejection was detected.

Field of study: Medicine
Numerical Simulation on Residual Stress in Diffusion Bonding Joints by Difference of Expansion Stress

The residual stress in the diffusion bonding joints of Ti-6Al-4V and ZQSn10-10 sleeve structure was simulated by ANSYS.The results indicat that the residual stress which is harmful to the joint,appears in the narrow area adjacent to Ti-6Al-4V side where intermetallic compounds form;and the stress uniformly distributes along the welding axis.But the stress concentrates on the upper and down surfaces,because of brinkmanship.

Field of study: Materials science
Fiscal decentralization in the Italian NHS: what happens to interregional redistribution?

This paper explores how pressures for an increased decentralization of taxing powers to sub-national governments may affect the degree of income redistribution across regional territories accomplished by the Italian NHS. In Italy, political responsibilities for health care are decentralized to regional governments, but the central government retains a critical role in ensuring all citizens uniform access to health services. To this end the central government runs an expenditure needs equalizing system to top up regional governments own resources. However, this system is currently put under question by strong political pressures calling for a weakening of central government involvement. Applying a well developed econometric approach we find that the NHS currently reduces interregional differences in per-capita income by about 7% of GDP. A reform of the NHS in terms of a reduction of expenditure standards produces a weakening of redistribution across jurisdictions, the size of which crucially depends on the financing arrangements of health care that will be actually adopted. We conclude that the decentralization of the NHS would give rise to relevant policy issues concerning in particular the different health care spending possibilities across regions and the impact on the interregional mobility of patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Niclosamide Exhibits Potent Anticancer Activity and Synergizes with Sorafenib in Human Renal Cell Cancer Cells

As the most lethal urological cancers, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a heterogeneous group of cancer with diverse genetic and molecular alterations. There is an unmet clinical need to develop efficacious therapeutics for advanced, metastatic and/or relapsed RCC. Here, we investigate whether anthelmintic drug Niclosamide exhibits anticancer activity and synergizes with targeted therapy Sorafenib in suppressing RCC cell proliferation.  Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by Crystal violet staining, WST-1 assay, cell wounding and cell cycle analysis. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR. In vivo anticancer activity was assessed in xenograft tumor model.  We find that Niclosamide effectively inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration and cell cycle progression, and induces apoptosis in human renal cancer cells. Mechanistically, Niclosamide inhibits the expression of C-MYC and E2F1 while inducing the expression of PTEN in RCC cells. Niclosamide is further shown to synergize with Sorafenib in suppressing RCC cell proliferation and survival. In the xenograft tumor model, Niclosamide is shown to effectively inhibit tumor growth and suppress RCC cell proliferation.  Niclosamide may be repurposed as a potent anticancer agent, which can potentiate the anticancer activity of the other agents targeting different signaling pathways in the treatment of human RCC.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry