nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Eukaryotic Translation Initiator Protein 1A Isoform, CCS-3, Enhances the Transcriptional Repression of p21CIP1 by Proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon/ZBTB7A)

FBI-1, a member of the POK (POZ and Krüppel) family of transcription factors, plays a role in differentiation, oncogenesis, and adipogenesis. eEF1A is a eukaryotic translation elongation factor involved in several cellular processes including embryogenesis, oncogenic transformation, cell proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization. CCS-3, a potential cervical cancer suppressor, is an isoform of eEF1A. We found that eEF1A forms a complex with FBI-1 by co-immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF Mass analysis of the immunoprecipitate. GST fusion protein pull-downs showed that FBI-1 directly interacts with eEF1A and CCS-3 via the zinc finger and POZ-domain of FBI-1. FBI-1 co-localizes with either eEF1A or CCS-3 at the nuclear periplasm. CCS-3 enhances transcriptional repression of the p21CIP1 gene (hereafter referred to as p21) by FBI-1. The POZ-domain of FBI-1 interacts with the co-repressors, SMRT and BCoR. We found that CCS-3 also interacts with the co-repressors independently. The molecular interaction between the co-repressors and CCS-3 at the POZ-domain of FBI-1 appears to enhance FBI-1 mediated transcriptional repression. Our data suggest that CCS-3 may be important in cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and oncogenesis by interacting with the proto-oncogene FBI-1 and transcriptional co-repressors.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Failure Analysis of TU2 Copper Joint of 390 MW Stator Coil in Preheating Process

TU2 copper joint of 390MW turbo generator stator coil generates surface blistering in the preheating process before welding.The analysis results show that a certain amount of oxygen being in the TU2 copper joint material of 390 MW stator coil and using water-gas(H2+ CO) in the hot forging process are the main reasons for surface blistering after preheating in medium frequency induction furnace.To eliminate the blistering caused by "sickening hydrogen",the oxygen-free copper with lower oxygen should be used in the TU2 copper joint of 390MW stator coil,or the hot forging heating approach of copper joint should be changed into resistance furnace heating.

Field of study: Materials science
Relation between positional & strength asymmetries of double radio sources associated with active galaxies

We bring out the identity between two ways of defining a single parameter to combine positional & strength asymmetries of extended extragalactic double radio sources associated with active galaxies. Thus, (r.s - 1)/[(1 + r).(1 + s)], combining arm ratio r (defined to be or = 1), is identical to -(1/2)[(1 - fr)/(1 + fr) - t], where fr is strength ratio defined >= 1 (i.e., stronger to weaker), & t = +/- (Q - 1)/(Q + 1), +/- signs applying respectively to doubles with closer hotspot fainter & those with closer hotspot brighter, while Q is arm ratio defined >= 1. 
Keywords: active galaxies - double radio sources - bilateral symmetry - arm ratio - flux ratio

Field of study: Physics
RAPD Analysis of Mango Anthracnose

A preliminary study was carried out on their genetic diversity of 70 mango anthracnose isolates from 14 major planting areas in the provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, etc. The genetic polymorphisms of their genomic DNA were studied by RAPD with 19 pairs of 10-bp arbitrary primers and were clustered on coefficients. The 70 isolates were clustered into 2 groups (I and II) and 6 subgroups (I-a, I-b, I-c, I-d, II-a and II-b) based on their genetic similarities, and these subgroups had a similarity coefficient of between 0.306 and 0.928. The isolates from different locations were clustered on low coefficients and those from the same location clustered on high coefficients. This indicated that the genetic basis of mango anthracnose was correlated, although not strictly, with its geographic source, and that the genetic background of the mango anthracnose was similar in the same location.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Rapid identification of Huanlongbing-infected citrus plants using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of phloem samples.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. The disease is caused by the proto-bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB symptoms are slow to appear while the tree continues to be a source of inoculum. Monitoring tree health and rapid detection of HLB is critical for sustainable citrus production. Currently, scientists are working on developing new techniques for pre-symptomatic detection of HLB, as there is no available method for real-time assessment of tree health. In this study, we demonstrate the rapid and efficient discrimination between healthy and HLB-affected citrus by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Healthy and HLB-affected trees were differentiated with a high degree of precision. The novelty of this method lies in the fingerprinting of healthy and diseased plants based on their organic and inorganic constituents, and the use of a multi-pulse laser coupled with a microscope to take spectra of the plant phloem.

Field of study: Physics
Nature and Origin of Early and Late Cherts in the Leadville Limestone, Colorado

Two generations of chert have been observed in the Mississippian Leadville Limestone of west-central Colorado: (1) an early chert inferred to have precipitated from hypersaline marine waters of high pH after those waters seeped into carbonate muds prior to final burial and lithification of the carbonate; and (2) a late chert that appears to have precipitated from ground waters as amorphous silica after initial lithification but prior to or during karst erosion of the formation in Late Mississippian (?) and Early Pennsylvanian time. A third type of microcrystalline quartz, hydrothermal jasperoid, is associated with ore deposits of Laramide age in the Leadville, but it is not discussed here. Conditions in west-central Colorado at the time that the early cherts formed in the Leadville were probably similar to those associated with the formation of early diagenetic chert in modern sediments, and the early chert in the Leadville is believed to have formed in a manner similar to the modern early cherts. The silica of the late chert appears to have come from Paleozoic sandstones below the Leadville. It was carried by slightly acid artesian waters into the formation, probably in concentrations of less than 60 ppm SiO 2 Super-saturation of amorphous silica occurred within the Leadville and probably was obtained by evaporative concentration at the water-air interface during dry seasons. Dissolution of the limestone by the slightly acid waters may account for the removal of the calcite that is replaced by chert.

Field of study: Geology
Modelling floristic species richness on a regional scale: a case study in Switzerland

In this paper a multivariate linear regression model is proposed for predicting and mapping regional species richness in areas below the timberline according to environmental variables. The data used in setting up the model were derived from a floristic inventory. Using a stepwise regression technique, five environmental variables were found to explain 48.9% of the variability in the total number of plant species: namely temperature range, proximity to a big river or lake, threshold of minimum annual precipitation, amount of calcareous rock outcrops and number of soil types. A considerable part of the unexplained variability is thought to have been influenced by variations in the quality of the botanical inventory. These results show the importance of systematic floristic sampling in addition to conventional inventories when using floristic data as a basis in nature conservation. Nevertheless it is still possible to interpret the resulting diversity patterns ecologically. Regional species richness in Switzerland appears to be a function of: (i) environmental heterogeneity; (ii) threshold values of minimum precipitation; and (iii) presence of calcareous rock outcrops. According to similar studies, environmental heterogeneity was the strongest determinant of total species richness. In contrast to some studies, high productivity decreased the number of species. Furthermore, the implications of this work for climate change scenarios are discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Automatic Switching Video Background via Graph-cut

Object image extracted from video frame and compounded to a new background image,that is automatic switching video background.For this problem,a new algorithm based graph-cut method is proposed.First,energy minimization model is presented to separate object image and background image.And min-cut/max-flow method is used to implement this model.Then,in order to improve effects of our algorithm,HSV color space is used to increase results insensitive to illumination changing by weaken V term.Finally,revise the object binary image.Morphological operations method and target assimilation method are presented to repair the image edge and the error hole.Experimental results indicate that the outcome object image is satisfied and a new video segment can be created through switching background automatically using our algorithm.

Field of study: Computer science
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of human mesenchymal stem cell metabolism during proliferation and osteogenic differentiation under different oxygen tensions.

Bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are the primary cell type in bone tissue engineering, and their life span during osteogenic differentiation is associated with changes in oxygen tension. As a ubiquitous regulator of cellular metabolic activity, oxygen tension influences the profiles of metabolites in the entire metabolic network and plays an important role in hMSC survival, function, and osteogenic differentiation. In the current study, we hypothesize that hMSC have a metabolic phenotype that supports growth in low oxygen environments and that this phenotype changes upon differentiation, leading to differential responses to oxygen tension. We developed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolic profiling approach to analyze the metabolic fate of (13)C-glucose in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in undifferentiated hMSC and hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-OS) in response to perturbation in oxygen tension; specifically we compared changes induced by culture under 20% vs. 2% O2. The isotope enrichments in the metabolites were calculated and used to infer activities of specific metabolic enzymes and the associated pathways. The results revealed contrasting metabolic profiles for hMSC and the hMSC-OS in both 20% and 2% O2 states, with the most significant differences involving coupling of glycolysis to the TCA cycle, glutaminolysis, and the malate-aspartate shuttle. The results have important implications in defining the optimal culture conditions for hMSC expansion and osteogenic differentiation.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Half-Century Follow-up after coffey diversion in early Childhood; Risk for Colorectal Carcinoma

It is well known, there is an increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma after a Coffey diversion. The aim of the present study was to analyse the time course of this development.  Twenty-five children between the ages of 2 months and 8 years were operated on from 1944 to 1961. The reason for urinary diversion was bladder exstrophy in 21 cases, myelomeningocele 2 and other diagnoses in 2. The retrospective study was based on data from patient files.  After 50 years, almost all patients are rediverted to a Bricker conduit or Kock pouch due to hydronephrosis, upper urinary tract infections or risk for colorectal carcinoma. Only two patients still have a functioning Coffey. Five out of 25 patients are deceased, three from histologically verified colorectal cancer. One patient died from urinary sepsis four days after surgery and one for unknown reason 37 years after surgery. Three of the surviving patients have been treated for colorectal carcinoma. Thus, altogether 6 of the 25 patients (24%) have suffered from this kind of malignancy. The colorectal carcinoma developed in 2 patients when they still were diverted with the Coffey technique. However, the colorectal carcinoma occurred 2 years after rediversion to a Bricker conduit in one patient, 16 years there after in another one, and 20 years there after in a further 2 patients.  The risk of developing colorectal carcinoma persists for many years after rediversion which calls for life time follow-up with regular colonoscopies.

Field of study: Medicine
Expression of neurotrophins and the trk family of neurotrophin receptors in normal and hypothyroid rat brain.

Thyroid hormone deficiency has dramatic effects on rat brain maturation. The expression of genes encoding neurotrophins and the trk family of neurotrophin receptors has been evaluated in several brain regions of normal and of neonatal or adult hypothyroid rats to analyze whether they are subject to thyroid hormone action. We found that hypothyroidism decreased trk mRNA levels in its major site of expression, the striatum, on postnatal days 5 (P5; 45%) and 15 (P15; 25%) and also in adults (35%). In contrast, no differences in trkB or trkC mRNAs levels were observed in any brain region at studied ages. According to previous reports, p75LNGFR mRNA was elevated in hypothyroid cerebellum as compared to age-matched controls on P5 and P15. We have also observed a distinct pattern for neurotrophin genes. The level of NGF mRNA was 20-50% lower in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of hypothyroid rats on neonatal hypothyroid rats on P15 and also after adult-onset hypothyroidism. Treatment of neonatally-induced hypothyroid rats with a single injection of triiodothyronine led to the recovery of hippocampal but not cortex NGF mRNA levels to that of control animals. On the contrary, no differences in the relatively high expression of the two mRNAs encoding BDNF were observed in any brain area. In contrast to a recent report, we did not find a reduction in brain NT-3 mRNA levels in hypothyroid animals. If any, the effect of thyroid deficiency in the hippocampus and cortex seems to be an early upregulation of NT-3 expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Field of study: Biology
Work and leisure in Taiwan: examining the antecedents and consequences of work-leisure conflicts

This research examines the antecedents and consequences of work-leisure conflicts in Taiwan. Derived from a sample of 440 Taiwanese respondents, it was found that a heavy workload is a critical source that may induce work-leisure conflicts; moreover, the conflicts between work and leisure may potentially lower the life satisfaction of full-time workers. However, the establishment of work-life segmentation can alleviate work-leisure conflicts. Furthermore, this study suggests that an active behavioural leisure attitude is potentially beneficial to increase life satisfaction, even for employees who experience high levels of work-leisure conflicts. This study concludes with recommendations for the success of managing the work-leisure conflicts of full-time workers as well as the enhancement of their life satisfaction.

Field of study: Sociology
Zur Theorie der Spin-Gitterrelaxation in Molekülkristallen

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Theorie der Spin-Gitterrelaxation in Molekülkristallen mit Quadrupolkopplung liefern. Es wird versucht, die Meßergebnisse vonDehmelt undKrüger am Dichloräthylen (CHCl=CHCl) theoretisch zu deuten. Die schwache Temperaturabhängigkeit der Kernquadrupolresonanzfrequenz kann erklärt werden, wenn man die Moleküle im Gitterverband als quantenmechanische harmonische Oszillatoren auffaßt, die Torsionsschwingungen ausführen und deren Amplitude temperaturabhängig ist. Dabei ist zu bedenken, daß der Quadrupolkern über den elektrischen Feldgradienten der homöopolaren Bindungselektronen energetisch mit dem übrigen Molekül gekoppelt ist. Durch diese Kopplung lassen sich auch die beobachteten kurzen Spin-Gitterrelaxationszeitent1 erklären, wenn man die Dichte desFourier-Spektrums der Molekülbewegung im Bereich der Quadrupolresonanzfrequenz berücksichtigt. Theoretisch wird gezeigt, daß bei Zugrundelegung der Meßergebnisse sich eine Molekültorsionsfrequenz ergibt, die in gleicher Größenordnung liegt, wie die durchRaman-Untersuchungen an anderen Molekülkristallen gefundenen Werte. Die theoretisch ermittelten Grenzen für die Spin-Gitterrelaxationszeitt1 schließen den Meßwert in sich ein. Experiment und Theorie konnten damit in befriedigende Übereinstimmung gebracht werden.

Field of study: Physics
Application of edible coating and acidic washing for extending the storage life of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Hydrocolloid-based materials have been extensively used to coat fruit and vegetables to prolong shelf-life. The effects of different concentrations of acidic washing (acetic, ascorbic, citric and malic acids) followed by coating with gum arabic (GA), carboxymethyl cellulose and emulsified gum arabic (EGA) were evaluated on the weight loss (WL), firmness and color of mushroom. The WL of the uncoated mushrooms was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of the coated ones, and the minimum WL was obtained with EGA coating. The mushrooms washed with malic and ascorbic acids showed minimum and maximum of WL, respectively. Loss in firmness of the EGA-coated mushrooms was by 21% (the minimum of loss), while loss value of the uncoated ones was by 39% (the maximum of loss). Firmness of mushrooms was not influenced by the acid type. Concentration of the acid significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the firmness of mushrooms, and at the lowest concentration of acid (1%), the mushrooms tissue was firmest. The L* value of the mushrooms coated with GA was higher than that of others. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in L* value and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in a* and b* values occurred in the mushrooms washed with acetic acid. Overall, washing with 1% citric or malic acid followed by coating with EGA resulted in minimum decrease in WL and firmness of the mushrooms.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Optimizing the error term in direct-method SAD phasing.

The probability formula of the direct-method SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) phasing proposed by Fan & Gu (1985, ) contains an error term which is related to the lack-of-closure error. This error term is used as a weighting function in the phase derivation and in the subsequent calculation of electron-density maps. Previously, there has been a constant in the error term that has had to be determined empirically for each particular case. It has been found that improper choice of the constant often leads to failure of the direct-method SAD phasing. The problem is resolved by introducing a modified error term and a method of automatically tuning the associated scaling factor.

Field of study: Chemistry
Absence of inclusion body formation in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Formation of alpha-synuclein aggregation and Lewy bodies (LBs) are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other related diseases. The dopaminergic neurotoxin, MPTP, replicates many of the pathological signs and motoric features of PD in primates and rodents by selective destruction of dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra. In this study, groups of adult wild-type C57BL6 mice were treated with MPTP either acutely (20 mg/kg, every 2 h x 4 for 1 day), semi-chronically (30 mg/kg/day for 5 days), or chronically (25 mg/kg MPTP with 250 mg/kg probenecid 2 times/week for 5 weeks). Mice brains were collected and processed at various time points for immunohistochemistry and HPLC assays. Our data showed that although there is a significant decrease in DA content and its metabolites and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, there is no inclusion body formation following the various MPTP treatment regimens.

Field of study: Biology
The Disposition of Institutional Receipts

C ONTROL exercised by the state governments over the disposition of receipts collected by state universities and colleges from the conduct of their various services and activities has a vital influence on the financial administration of the institutions. One of the foremost questions involved in the control is whether the institutions are permitted to retain possession of the receipts and to expend them in defraying their regular operating expenses or whether the institutions are required to pay the receipts into the general revenue fund of the state. Another aspect of equal importance is whether the state legislatures deduct the receipts from the appropriations made for the support of the institutions or whether the appropriations are supplemental or additional to the receipts. Other limitations placed by the states on the use of the receipts by the institutions have a further

Field of study: Education
SU‐FF‐T‐132: CT‐Based Intra‐Cavitary High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: Planning and QA

With the introduction of CT compatible GYN applicators, 3 dimensional (3D) conformal radiation treatment planning is now possible, which allows for quantitative analysis of dose specification, target, critical organ size and normal tissue DVHs.  Ten patients with gynecologic cancer who received image‐based HDR brachytherapy were retrospectively identified. The patients received a CT scan each fraction after placement of applicators. Images were then transferred to PLATO planning system with organ contours of clinical target volume (CTV), rectum and bladder. Isodose lines were optimized using the feature of “geometry optimization” and dose was prescribed to the 100% Isodose line that mostly cover the CTV while sparing rectum and bladder.  The mean CTV volume of the 10 patients had a shrinkage trend over the five fractions, with the first fraction of 77.4 cm3 and the last fraction of 65.5 cm3. Another observation was that point A dose increased as the CTV volume increased. This is reasonable considering the fact that our prescription dose was to cover the CTV with 100% isodose line. As a result, point A dose was larger to cover larger CTV volume.  CT based planning is valuable to evaluate changes in target size, dose to point A and dose distribution to all critical organs. Our experience showed that significant shrinkage of both gross tumor and normal uterus occurred along with brachytherapy fractions resulting in a lower point A dose. Longer follow‐up is still necessary to determine optimal dose delivery to target tissues while sparing normal tissue.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Semi-empirical calculations on paullones, a promising class of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.

Paullones, a group of ATP-competitive 7,12-dihydroindolo [3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6(5H)-ones are well-established cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors with promising anti-tumoral properties. In this study, AM1 (Austin model 1) calculations have been performed on paullones and their biological activities have been explained with respect to their HOMO and LUMO energies. 9-Substituted paullones with electrophilic character show high potencies. The interaction of 9th substitutent with Phe-80 of receptor plays a key role in binding and potency. The study will help medicinal chemists to design efficient CDK inhibitiors.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics