nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Transglutaminase Effects on Gelation of Jack Mackerel Surimi (Trachurus Murphyi)

The effect of microbial transglutaminase (TG) on texture parameters was analyzed in surimi gels from Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi). The effects of enzyme concentration, time and temperature of incubation were evaluated. Transglutaminase addition improved the textural-quality of surimi gels. Optimum gel strength was observed at 25°C by 2 h with an increase of 364%. The texture parameters increased particularly at TG levels between 0.1 and 0.5% w/w. SDS-PAGE, indicated that the content of myosin heavy chain (MHC) decreased with increasing setting time and addition of TG. However, the production of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine bonds increased as a function of setting time and TG concentrations. Results indicated that microbial transglutaminase can be utilized to improve gel properties of surimi based-products. Se analizó el efecto de la adición de transglutaminasa microbiana (TG) en los parámetros de textura de geles de surimi de jurel chileno (Trachurus murphyi). Se estudió el efecto de la concentración de enzima, del tiempo y de la temperatura de incubación o asentamiento. La adición de TG mejoró significativamente las propiedades reológicas de los geles del surimi de jurel. La máxima fuerza de gel se obtuvo a 25°C después de 2 h de incubación en que se alcanzó un aumento del 364% respecto al control. Los parámetros de textura cambiaron drásticamente para una concentración de TG entre el 0.1 y el 0.5% p/p. La electroforesis SDS-PAGE detectó que el contenido de miosina (MHC) disminuyó durante el tiempo de incubación y con el incremento en la concentración de TG. Sin embargo, la formación del dipéptido ε-(γ glutamil) lisina aumentó, con el tiempo de incubación y con la mayor concentración de TG. Los resultados indicaron que la TG microbiana puede utilizarse para mejorar las propiedades reológicas de productos elaborados a base de surimi de jurel.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Some properties of 1-oxo-4-hydroxypyridazino[4,5-b]quinoxaline

The dissociation constants of 1-oxo-4-hydroxypyridazino[4,5-b]quinoxaline were measured by potentiometric titration. It is shown that this compound is a dibasic acid. Its reaction with organic bases, acids, alkalis, and oxidizing agents was studied. Its aminomethylation, hydroxymethylation, and cyanoethylation were also investigated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Spiritual Well-Being, Self-Esteem and Intimacy among Couples using Natural Family Planning

Making decisions about achieving and avoiding pregnancy and the methods used to attain those ends are some of the most central decisions during a couple's reproductive life. Health professionals (especially professional nurses) are often consulted to aid couples in their reproductive decisions and provide couples with choices of reproductive control. Information provided on family planning choices, however, is often limited and usually involves issues of effectiveness to avoid pregnancy, convenience, health risks, and life-style preferences.l,2 Little information is provided on how family planning methods compare on psychological, spiritual, and social well-being variables. One method of family planning that needs further study on these variables is Natural Family Planning (NFP). The purpose of this study was to describe how NFP influenced the intimacy, self-esteem, and the spiritual well-being of couples who used NFP to avoid pregnancy for at least a one year period. A secondary purpose was to describe and compare the intimacy, self-esteem and spiritual well-being of couples who stopped using NFP and who have used contraception for at least a year.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Orientalism in French Classical Drama. Michèle Longino

the genre. In spite of the balanced approach evinced by the chapter division, it must be stated that Le Theatre francais de la Renaissance is weighted in favor of the tragic genre, whose origins and evolution are carefully retraced. This is due partly to the success which sixteenth-century tragedy enjoyed on its own terms and in its own time, and partly to the fortunes to which it was later destined. Pride of place is also accorded to the major practitioners of the craft: Theodore de Beze, Etienne Jodelle, Jean de La Taille, Robert Garnier, and Antoine de Montchrestien. It goes without saying that a topic of this volume's scope requires that significant ground must be covered, but one never gets the sense that the discussion is hurried or truncated. On rare occasion, treatment of specific plays is relegated to a footnote, perhaps so as not to interrupt the narrative flow. If truth be told as well, because of the overlap of the subject matter in chapters 1-4 with respect to the legacy of certain medieval traditions, the multitudinous auto-references to the first volume of the series are a minor irritant, and one realizes both volumes must be read in tandem to be fully appreciated. It is, though, a smooth and satisfying ride the rest of the way. The prose is as lucid as it is elegant, hence eminently readable by the non-specialist. Consistent with the twofold aim of the series — to introduce specific texts of the given period and to locate them within their particular historical and cultural setting — Mazouer is ever equal to the task. Whether to some modern eyes sixteenth-century French theater succeeds as drama or not, it is never a dull read, for its tale intersects at every turn with the major powers and polemics, men and movements of the times. French humanist theater can reflect popular culture and daily life, providing acute social or political commentary; and it can be the unwitting agent of change, fostering a new worldview as it channels pagan philosophy through its imitation of the subjects and works of antiquity. But if Mazouer's work shows us anything, it is that sixteenth-century French theater has finally come into its own. There was a time when theater was treated as the unwanted stepchild of French Renaissance studies. The sheer abundance and diversity of the stagecraft of the period give the lie to such notions. The field can boast of a number of true masterpieces as well, which recent scholarship and more sensitive readings have brought to light. Special emphasis must be laid here upon Mazouer's exhaustive bibliography, which also attests to the burgeoning importance of the field. It is destined to be a necessary point of reference for all future research. As such, this volume is an indispensable addition to institutions with graduate programs in French or Comparative Literature. DAMON D I MAURO Gordon College

Field of study: History
Regularized Sampling of Multiband Signals

This paper presents a regularized sampling method for multiband signals, that makes it possible to approach the Landau limit, while keeping the sensitivity to noise and perturbations at a low level. The method is based on band-limited windowing, followed by trigonometric approximation in consecutive time intervals. The key point is that the trigonometric approximation “inherits” the multiband property, that is, its coefficients are formed by bursts of elements corresponding to the multiband components. It is shown that this method can be well combined with the recently proposed synchronous multirate sampling (SMRS) scheme, given that the resulting linear system is sparse and formed by ones and zeroes. The proposed method allows one to trade sampling efficiency for noise sensitivity, and is specially well suited for bounded signals with unbounded energy like those in communications, navigation, audio systems, etc. Besides, it is also applicable to finite energy signals and periodic band-limited signals (trigonometric polynomials). The paper includes a subspace method for blindly estimating the support of the multiband signal as well as its components, and the results are validated through several numerical examples.

Field of study: Engineering
Synthesis of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase of rat liver peroxisomes on free polyribosomes as a larger precursor. Induction of thiolase mRNA activity by clofibrate.

The site of synthesis and induction by clofibrate of peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (acetyl-CoA acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.16) was investigated. Free and membrane-bound polyribosomal RNA species from the livers of normal rats and rats treated with clofibrate, a hypolipidaemic drug that causes marked proliferation of peroxisomes, were translated in a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte-lysate cell-free protein-synthesizing system with [35S]methionine as label. The cell-free translation products were immunoprecipitated with monospecific X rabbit anti-thiolase serum and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Thiolase mRNA was found predominantly in free polyribosomes, in both normal and clofibrate-treated rats. Clofibrate treatment increased mRNA activity for thiolase approx. 20-fold. The translation product of clofibrate-induced thiolase mRNA migrated slightly faster in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis than did the translation product of normal thiolase mRNA. Both the normal and the clofibrate-induced translation products were approx. 6000 Da larger than the 41000-Da subunit of the purified enzyme. Immunoblot analysis of liver homogenates, isolated peroxisomes and the purified enzyme indicated that the thiolase subunit was approx. 41000 Da in all samples, ruling out proteolysis during the purification of thiolase. Thiolase biogenesis thus differs from that of rat liver peroxisomal proteins studied previously in that it is synthesized as a larger precursor, implying post-translational import of thiolase into peroxisomes with proteolytic processing. Clofibrate apparently alters the size as well as the amount of the translation product.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
A NEW REALISTIC MANY-BODY APPROACH FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING PROCESSES OFF COMPLEX NUCLEI

A new linked cluster expansion for the calculation of ground state observables of many-body nuclei with realistic interactions has been developed, in order to single out the major contributions to the relevant quantities when Nucleon-Nucleon correlations are taken into account in the wave function. Using the V8′ potential the ground state energy, density and momentum distribution of complex nuclei have been calculated and found to be in good agreement with the results obtained within the Fermi Hyper Netted Chain, and Variational Monte Carlo approaches. Using the same cluster expansion, with wave function and correlations parameters fixed from the calculation of the ground-state observables, we have calculated various high energy scattering processes off complex nuclei. We made use of the Glauber multiple scattering theory, which can be readily included into the cluster expansion we have developed, to take into account final state interaction effects in the semi-inclusive reaction A(e,e′p)X, and calculated the distorted momentum distribution, which is a necessary ingredient to estimate the cross section.

Field of study: Physics
Sugar in the pathogenesis of dental caries

While the complex and versatile nature of the cariogenic effect of refined sugars in the mouth cavity is recognized, it is nevertheless believed that it is mostly due to altered metabolism in dental hard tissues in the presence of changed pancreatic insular apparatus. Caries goes through several stages in its development: phosphate metabolism disorders in dental tissue; calcium metabolism disorder; abnormal glycemia; declining ascorbic acid level and activation of the insular apparatus followed by its exhaustion. It is demonstrated, both experimentally and clinically, that caries-inducing factors are particularly dangerous in childhood when carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed, especially if due to the exposure to refined sugars. The effect of sugars on dental pulp, with a resulting decrease of its trophic influence on the teeth is believed to be very important. Sugar effects on the teeth is not a purely stomatologic problem; rather, it is of interest to other medical professions as well and has a national significance.

Field of study: Medicine
A Discussion on the Effect of Engineering Supervision in the Control of Construction Cost

The paper describes a series of specialized services regarding quality,construction period and construction cost to be offered by an engineering supervision unit in terms of organization,technology,economy and contract in stages of investment decision,design,tender offering,construction and completion of construction etc.,and outlines the effect of engineering supervision in the control of construction cost,which plays a positive role in the realization of investment management objective and improvement of the investment benefit of engineering construction.

Field of study: Materials science
Achievement of one-child fertility in rural areas of Jilin Province, China

The total fertility rate for the rural areas of Jilin Province, China, fell from two children per woman to the unprecedentedly low level of one between 1982 and 1985. This rapid decline was mainly due to the curtailment of childbearing after first births among young married women in response to the government's one-child family policy. Logistic regression analyses show that women whose only child is a boy, whose -ideal number of children is one or whose husbands have some formal education, as well as women who belong to the Han majority, are more likely than others to accept a one-child certificate. Among women in their 20s, those with a formal education are less likely than those with no formal education to accept a certificate, but among older women, the relationship between education and certificate acceptance is positive.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Variations in exhumation level and uplift rate along the obliqu-slip Alpine fault, central Southern Alps, New Zealand

We use geophysical and geological data from the Southern Alps to explore the relationship between plate motions and crustal structure on the geomorphology, exhumation state, and deformation style of rocks uplifted along amajor oblique-slip fault. A ∼50-km-long segment of the Southern Alps has a higher uplift rate, more relief, deeper exhumation, and a narrower width than surrounding regions. There, the delaminated, east-tilted crust of the Pacific Plate yields the youngest, late Cenozoic thermochronometric ages. Contours for fission-track, Ar/Ar and K-Ar ages on several different minerals define an asymmetrically nested pattern of ages that increase away from the western side of the central Southern Alps. Eleven new 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar samples of hornblende from the hanging wall of the Alpine fault indicate that lower crustal rocks exhumed from >500 °C in the late Cenozoic are confined to a 20-km-long culmination at the southern end of the central Southern Alps. Ages as low as 3-5 Ma imply time-integrated vertical exhumation rates as high as ∼6-9 mm/yr. This is the only part of this 5-8 Ma range that may have achieved exhumational steady state. Remnant plugs of the original crustal hanging wall ramp are apparently preserved outside the central Alps, implying <70 km of fault convergence there. 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar age trends for hornblende near the Alpine fault suggest that horizontal surfaces in the lower crust in the Pacific Plate have been overturned by reverse-slip ductile shearing across a zone of distributed deformation that extends ∼2 km beyond the ∼1-km-thick, basal mylonite zone. At the broadest, orogen scale, higher uplift rates throughout the central Southern Alps may be related to a rheologically controlled increase in the convergent velocity of points to the east of the Alpine fault, associated with a strengthening of the Pacific crust. At a more local scale, maximum rates of uplift are inferred to occur near Franz-Josef and Fox Glaciers because the Alpine fault steepens at depth. Structural data suggests that its footwall ramp is curved, and that the fault's dip steepens by 15-20° relative to its attitude farther to the south. This 10-20-km-long restraining bend may enhance local rates of rock uplift near Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers. Contemporary normal stress and shear resistance may also be increased on this part of the Alpine fault, helping to explain the central region's quiet historic seismicity and apparently strongly locked nature.

Field of study: Geology
Interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a soil microbial community mediating litter decomposition.

We investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alteration of microbial mediation of litter decomposition. AMF (Glomus hoi) were either allowed access to or excluded from Plantago lanceolata L. root litter embedded in soil; litter was labeled with either (13) C only or (13) C and (15) N. Plant N uptake was significantly increased if AMF accessed the litter, and (15) N analysis of the plant material indicated that 2-3% of plant N originated from litter. Succession of the soil community mediating decomposition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) combined with (13) C-PLFA. During the first 21 days of decomposition, saprotrophic fungi and Gram-negative bacteria were the dominant consumers of litter C. As decomposition progressed however, (13) C content of the fungal biomarkers declined substantially, and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria became the primary reservoirs of labeled litter C. The putative PLFA marker for AMF (16:1ω5c) originated primarily from non-AMF sources. In AMF-invaded root litter, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and 16:1ω5c markers became less (13) C-enriched relative to their counterparts in non-AMF-invaded microcosms during active decomposition. These patterns of (13) C: (12) C enrichment may result from AMF supply of (12) C from the plant to the decomposing soil microbial community; such C inputs could alter the microbial mediation of litter decomposition.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA repair genes are suspected to be related to the survival of lung cancer patients due to their possible influence on DNA repair capacity (DRC). However, the study results are inconsistent.  A follow-up study of 610 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was conducted to investigate genetic polymorphisms associated with the DNA repair genes in relation to NSCLC survival; 6 SNPs were genotyped, including XRCC1 (rs25487 G>A), hOGG1 (rs1052133 C>G), MUTYH (rs3219489 G>C), XPA (rs1800975 G>A), ERCC2 (rs1799793 G>A) and XRCC3 (rs861539 C>T). Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed. SNP-SNP interaction was also examined using the survival tree analysis.  Advanced disease stage and older age at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. Patients with the variant ‘G' allele of hOGG1 rs1052133 had poor overall survival compared with those with the homozygous wild ‘CC' genotype, especially in female patients, adenocarcinoma histology, early stage, light smokers and without family history of cancer. For never smoking female lung cancer patients, individuals carrying homozygous variant ‘AA' genotype of XPA had shorter survival time compared to those with wild ‘G' alleles. Furthermore, females carrying homozygous variant XPA and hOGG1 genotypes simultaneously had 2.78-fold increased risk for death. Among all 6 polymorphisms, the homozygous variant ‘AA' of XPA carriers had poor prognosis compared to the carriers of wild ‘G' alleles of XPA together with other base excision repair (BER) polymorphisms.  Besides disease stage and age, the study found DNA repair gene polymorphisms were associated with lung cancer survival.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Absorbed dose calculations for macromolecular crystals: improvements to RADDOSE.

Radiation damage is an unwelcome and unavoidable aspect of macromolecular crystallography. In order to quantify the extent of X-ray-induced changes, knowledge of the dose (absorbed energy per unit mass) is necessary since it is the obvious metric against which to plot variables such as diffraction intensity loss and B factors. Significant improvements to the program RADDOSE for accurately calculating the dose absorbed by macromolecular crystals are presented here. Specifically, the probability of energy loss through the escape of fluorescent photons from de-excitation of an atom following photoelectric absorption is now included. For lighter elements, both the probability of fluorescence and of its subsequent escape from the crystal are negligible, but for heavier atoms the chance of fluorescence becomes significant (e.g. 30% as opposed to Auger electron decay from a K-shell excited iron atom), and this has the effect of reducing the absorbed dose. The effects of this phenomenon on dose calculations are presented for examples of crystals of an iron-containing protein, 2-selenomethionine proteins, a uranium derivatised protein, and for a nucleic acid sample. For instance, the inclusion of fluorescent escape results in up to a 27% decrease in the calculated absorbed dose for a typical selenomethionine protein crystal irradiated at the selenium K-edge.

Field of study: Physics
The Scrooge Effect: Evidence that Mortality Salience Increases Prosocial Attitudes and Behavior

From the perspective of terror management theory, reminders of mortality should intensify the desire to express culturally prescribed prosocial attitudes and engage in culturally prescribed prosocial behaviors. Two studies supported these hypotheses. In Study 1, people were interviewed in close proximity to a funeral home or several blocks away and were asked to indicate their attitudes toward two charities they deemed important. Those who were interviewed in front of the funeral home reported more favorability toward these charities than those who were interviewed several blocks away. In Study 2, the authors found that following mortality salience, people gave more money to a charity supporting an American cause than people who had been exposed to an aversive control topic. However, mortality salience had no effect on the amount of money given to a foreign cause. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Experimental study on the performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling multi-heat pump with the variation of operation mode

The cooling load in the winter season becomes significant in commercial buildings and hotels because of the wide usage of office equipment and improved wall insulation. In this study, a simultaneous heating and cooling multi-heat pump having four indoor units and an outdoor unit was designed and tested in five operation modes: cooling-only, heating-only, cooling-main, heating-main, and entire heat recovery. The performance of the system with R410a was optimized by adjusting the system's control parameters. In the cooling-main mode, the rate of the bypass flow to the heating-operated indoor unit was optimized by controlling the EEV opening of the outdoor unit. In the heating-main mode, the mass flow rate to the cooling-operated indoor unit was optimized by adjusting the EEV opening in the outdoor unit. In the entire heat recovery mode, the compressor speed was controlled to improve the system COP with appropriate heating and cooling capacities.

Field of study: Engineering