nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformation textures in tectonites

A variety of deformation textures may be present in low temperature tectonites that have not been modified extensively by post-deformational recrystallization. These include gross grain shape, granular, breccia, pull-apart, strain-shadow, goatee, and shear-step textures. A study of these textures will reveal the behavior of the rock during deformation, specifically: (a) whether deformation took place under conditions of high or low intergranular cohesion, and (b) the relative importance of crystallographic gliding and intergranular movement between grains.No study of deformed rocks is complete without a strain analysis. Strain analyses should include grain shapes, as well as description and interpretation of the various deformation textures.

Field of study: Environmental science
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Branched Bis(ferrocenylacetylene)-C60 Systems : Influence of the Nature of Conjugation

Four new branched 3,4- and 3,5-bis(ferrocenylacetylene)phenyl-C60 molcules, in which the bis-ferrocene donor moieties and C60 acceptor moiety are covalently linked with phenylacetylene linkage through pyrrolidino and pyrazolino rings on the C60 moiety, as abbreviated to be (Fc)2≡Ph-NMPC60 (o- and m-) and (Fc)2≡Ph-PzC60 (o- and m-), respectively, have been prepared in multistep procedures using microwave irradiation, as source of energy. The HOMO–LUMO gaps smaller than 1.25 eV were experimentally determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry (OSWV) for (Fc)2≡Ph-PzC60 and (Fc)2≡Ph-NMPC60. In both polar and non-polar solvents, a photoinduced charge-separation (CS) process efficiently takes place in (Fc)2≡Ph-NMPC60 and (Fc)2≡Ph-PzC60 from the singlet excited state of C60 (1C60*), as confirmed by picosecond-time-resolved emission spectroscopy. The CS states were confirmed by nanosecond-transient absorption spectroscopy. The lifetimes of the CS states were evaluated to be ca. 10 ns, which are shorter than those of the similar dyads with phenylenevinylene linkage, suggesting higher electron-hole conductivity through the phenylacetylene linkage.

Field of study: Chemistry
Rules and Reality: Quantifying the Practice of Apprenticeship in Early Modern England

This paper uses recently digitised samples of apprentices and masters in London and Bristol to quantify the practice of apprenticeship in the late seventeenth century. Apprenticeship appears much more fluid than is traditionally understood. Many apprentices did not complete their terms of indenture; late arrival and early departure from the master’s household were widespread. Other apprentices appear to have been absent temporarily, returning to the master shortly before the end of their indenture. Regression analysis indicates that the patterns of presence and absence broadly reflect the resources and external opportunities available to apprentices.

Field of study: Economics, History
Environmental Analysis and Research of Talentes Management Under the International Background

Facing the economy transformation and development way change under the background of the globalization development,which demands to development and educate numbers of talented person under internationalization background and manpower capital of internationalization,and carry on management and practice according to the scientific method.This paper elaborated the environment and method of the management on the talented person under the internationalization background by the in-depth investigation and combine the work practice, and with the earnest research of comparison research,environment analysis,development trend etc.

Field of study: Economics
Key Rotation for Authenticated Encryption

A common requirement in practice is to periodically rotate the keys used to encrypt stored data. Systems used by Amazon and Google do so using a hybrid encryption technique which is eminently practical but has questionable security in the face of key compromises and does not provide full key rotation. Meanwhile, symmetric updatable encryption schemes (introduced by Boneh et al. CRYPTO 2013) support full key rotation without performing decryption: ciphertexts created under one key can be rotated to ciphertexts created under a different key with the help of a re-encryption token. By design, the tokens do not leak information about keys or plaintexts and so can be given to storage providers without compromising security. But the prior work of Boneh et al. addresses relatively weak confidentiality goals and does not consider integrity at all. Moreover, as we show, a subtle issue with their concrete scheme obviates a security proof even for confidentiality against passive attacks.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Zur transversalen magnetischen Widerstandsänderung von InSb

ZusammenfassungDie Abhängigkeit der transversalen magnetischen Widerstandsänderung vom Leitungstyp, der Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger und der geometrischen Form des Halbleiterkörpers wird berechnet und am InSb experimentell untersucht. Es ergibt sich, daß die Form erst für Beweglichkeiten größer als 10000 cm2/Vsec eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, wobei derHall-Winkel eine Forminvariante ist. AnCorbino-Scheiben aus InSb erwies sich der Widerstand in einem Magnetfeld von 10000 Gauß 24,6mal größer als ohne Feld.

Field of study: Physics
Water vapor solubility and impedance of the high temperature proton conductor SrZr0.9Y0.1O2.95

SrZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 was prepared at rather high sintering temperatures. Thermogravimetry resulted in a maximum proton solubility of about 0.04 mol/mol compound. The standard enthalpy and entropy of the solution process were determined. Impedance results are presented for various gas atmospheres ranging from oxidizing to very reducing, and from dry to very moist. Clear evidence for proton conduction was obtained. The conductivity of the protonated samples was found to increase linearly with the proton content determined independently by weight measurements. From the data, the activation energy and the prefactor of the proton mobility were extracted and compared with literature values. In addition to water vapor, atmospheres proton uptake was observed by impedance spectroscopy (IS) in acetone vapors where argon was used as inert carrier gas. At temperatures above 450–500°C, such a treatment led to the undesirable deposition of a carbonaceous layer on the surfaces. The mechanism of proton incorporation by acetone vapor presumably is ion exchange reactions where protons enter into the bulk and Sr segregates in the surface region.

Field of study: Materials science
Glassy properties of the Kawasaki dynamics of two-dimensional ferromagnets.

We study numerically the Kawasaki dynamics of the 2D Ising model. At large time we recover the coarsening growth as l(c)(t) proportional t(1/3). At shorter time however, the system enters a metastable glassy regime that displays an extremely slow growth and nontrivial violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem similar to those observed in spin glasses: this is one of the simplest systems in which such violations occur. We also consider Potts models, where a similar behavior is observed, and the model of Shore and Sethna where the domain growth is also slow, but where violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem are trivial. We finally comment on these violations in the context of activated coarsening, and on similarities and differences with the glass transition phenomenology.

Field of study: Physics
Proliferative activity in stenotic human aortocoronary bypass grafts.

Aortocoronary bypass graft disease is responsible for long-term failure of autologous vein grafts. The analyses of proliferation and cell type characterisation in human bypass grafts harvested during re-do surgery make it possible to investigate the cellular processes leading to bypass graft failure.



30 stenotic vein grafts and 25 control veins were explantated during re-do heart surgery procedures. The total area and cell count of the neointima, media and adventitia were calculated computer-assisted. Actively proliferating cells were identified using antibody to Ki-67 and positive cells were determined by double-label immunocytochemistry with SMC alpha-actin, CD 31 (endothelial cells), CD 68 (macrophages) and CD 45 (T-lymphocytes).



Active proliferation was detected in different cell types with an average proliferation index of 0.15%, 0.18% and 0.086% for neointima, media and adventitia. Only 9% of proliferating cells in the neointima were SMC (not identified cells 40%); correspondingly, 14% SMC (not identified cells 33%) were detected in the media. Endothelial cells turned out to be the predominant proliferating cell type in all sections of the vessel wall.



Proliferation in our series of stenotic vein grafts occurred at a low level, but was significantly higher compared to native control veins. While proliferation may play an important role in early lesions, our data clearly show low proliferation activity in advanced graft lesions. The identification of proliferating macrophages and T-lymphocytes implicate an additional inflammatory component in the development of human bypass graft disease.



To clarify the role of cellular proliferation in human aortocoronary bypass grafts, we characterized the cellular composition and proliferation index in 30 stenotic saphenous vein grafts in comparison to 25 native veins. Proliferation in our series of stenotic vein grafts occurred at a low level, but was significantly higher compared to native control veins.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Partial Lesion of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway in Rats Impairs Egocentric Learning but Not Spatial Learning or Behavioral Flexibility

Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment, but the etiology of the cognitive deficits remains unclear. The present study investigated the behavioral effects of partial lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway. Rats received bilateral infusions of either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle into the dorsolateral striatum and were tested in spatial and procedural learning tasks. Compared with intact rats, DA-depleted rats were impaired when the first task they learned required egocentric responses. Intact rats that received prior training on a spatial task were impaired while learning a subsequent body-turn task, suggesting that prior spatial training may compete with egocentric learning in intact but not DA-depleted rats. Spatial discrimination, reversal learning, and switching between allocentric and egocentric strategies were similar in both groups. The results suggest that DA loss that is not associated with gross motor pathology temporarily impairs egocentric, but not allocentric, learning or subsequent behavioral flexibility.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
On the Unidimensionality of the Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety Test

Herron ( 2 ) concluded that the Alpert-Haber facilitating (AAT+) and debilitating (AAT-) anxiety questionnaires are not measuring different characteristics in that they are affected in the same way by achievement stress and do not contribute separately to a multiple R predicting grade point average when scholastic aptitude is previously taken into account. While the covariance indicated by the reported AAT+/AATcorrelation of .46 may reflect, as Herron suggests, a common sensitivity to sirnational stress cues, considerable reliable variance remains unaccounted for and the scales may not appear to be unidimensional by other criteria. If Herron's conclusions have some generality, an inverse pattern of correlations among other personality scales should be found for AAT+ and AAT-, and the factor loadings of both scales should be similar in magnitude. Scores on the anxiety questionnaires and 4 6 other personality scales (California Psychological Inventory, 1 6 PF, FIRO-B, the K, A, R, and Es scales of the MMPI, and measures of self-esteem and psychosomatic anxiety were obtained for 536 young men selected for high scientific aptirnde.' The correlations and loadings on Factor I (principal components analysis, varimax rotation) of the anxiety questionnaire scores and the other personality measures were considered. Only 4 of the 18 correlations between AAT+ and the 46 other scales were significant at both the .05 level ( r = .09) and the .001 level (+ = .15), and 2 of these 4 were with dominance scales. Twenty-four of the AATcorrelations were significant at the ,001 level, the highest being with the MMPI A (anxiety) scale, the 16 PF 0 (worrying) scale, the 16 P F Q4 (unchannelled tension) scale, and the psychosomatic anxiety (PSA) scale. The intercorrelations among the A, 0, Q4 and PSA scales ranged from .46 (Q4/PSA) to .69 ( A / O ) . These scales and AATall loaded below -.40 on Factor I, which seemed to be measuring reported psychological well-being. AATf loaded only +.05 on this factor and no higher on any other except Factor VIII, which was defined only by the common variance on the achievement anxiety questionnaires. In this sample, then, Ss with high AATscores tended to have high scores also on measures o€ general anxiety, a result consistenr with the moderate to high correlations of AATand 3 out of 4 other anxiety scales reported by Alpert and Haber (1). The reverse was not, however, found. Alpert and Haber obtained only slightly lower and still significant negative correlations between AAT+ and 2 of the anxiety scales. In the young scientist sample, the correlations of AAT+ and the 4 anxiety measures were significantly lower than were the AATcorrelations, accounting at the most for 3% vs 28% of the anxiety scale variance. In terms of the factor structure indicated for the personality traits sampled, there appears to be little reason to consider AAT+ and AATas measuring opposite ends of a single dimension.

Field of study: Psychology
Study on Intelligent Fault Monitoring System for Corn Combine Harvester

In this paper, functions of intelligent fault monitoring system of corn combine harvester are analyzed. Architecture of the fault monitoring system is presented. Key technologies of the monitoring system are discussed detailed. Key parts of the fault monitoring system such as inspection controller, travel controller and programmable monitor, GPS terminal device, data base server and user interface are developed. As a result, the intelligent monitoring system is of great useful for monitoring the faults of corn combine harvester.

Field of study: Engineering
High-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism in the Kisseynew domain, Trans-Hudson orogen: crustal anatexis due to tectonic thickening?

The Kisseynew domain within the central Trans-Hudson orogen constitutes a high-temperature (T) and low- to mediumpressure (P) metasedimentary belt characterized by uniform peak metamorphic conditions of 750 ± 50 °C and 56 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa). To investigate the thermal evolution of the Kisseynew domain 1-dimensional thermal modelling was conducted for a range of thermal parameters, including the effects of exhumation and incorporating current information about the crustal architecture. The results show that tectonic thickening of the sedimentary pile to ~40 km, consistent with present-day thickness estimates and erosional levels, is capable of producing enough crustal heating to melt the base of the sedimentary pile, advect heat to shallower crustal levels, and produce the observed PT conditions. Deep-seated mantle heat sources, though not excluded, are not required.

Field of study: Environmental science
Improved Filter Permutators: Combining Symmetric Encryption Design, Boolean Functions, Low Complexity Cryptography, and Homomorphic Encryption, for Private Delegation of Computations

Motivated by the application of delegating computation, we revisit the design of filter permutators as a general approach to build stream ciphers that can be efficiently evaluated in a fully homomorphic manner. We first introduce improved filter permutators that allow better security analyses, instances and implementations than the previously proposed FLIP family of stream ciphers. We also put forward the similarities between these improved constructions and a popular PRG design by Goldreich. Then, we exhibit the relevant cryptographic parameters of two families of Boolean functions, direct sums of monomials and XOR-MAJ functions, which give candidates to instantiate the improved filter permutator paradigm. We develop new Boolean functions techniques to study them, and refine Goldreich’s PRG locality bound for this purpose. We give an asymptotic analysis of the noise level of improved filter permutators instances using both kind of functions, and recommend them as good candidates for evaluation with a third-generation FHE scheme. Finally, we propose a methodology to evaluate the performance of such symmetric cipher designs in a FHE setting, which primarily focuses on the noise level of the symmetric ciphertexts (hence on the amount of operations on these ciphertexts that can be homomorphically evaluated). Evaluations performed with HElib show that instances of improved filter permutators using direct sums of monomials as filter outperform all existing ciphers in the literature based on this criteria. We also discuss the (limited) overheads of these instances in terms of latency and throughput.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Exploration of physical education class cultures from the perspective of sociology.

With the idea of "researcher on site" kept in mind,the authors analyzed the definition,characteristics,type and operation of physical education class cultures from the perspective of sociology.Physical education class culture refers to conceptions and behaviors in physical education class teaching,having such 5 major characteristics as "intermediate","expressive","scene involved","aggregative" and "civilized".The "game rules" of physical education curriculum contents embody the specificity of physical education class normative culture,and increase the opportunities for students to carry out social learning in physical education classes.The social root for the ex-cessive existence of competitive culture is that the physical education teacher cultivation mechanism as well as the sports playground and equipment providing mechanism have some problems.The defects of physical education class structural network result in the dissolution of entertainment characteristics of competitive sports.Physical education class sexual culture embodies in two aspects: sexual difference in a positive sense,and sexual bias in a negative sense.There are two different ways to the integration of physical education class cultures: 1) "concern – recognize–internalize";2) "concern–obey–internalize".In terms of integration effect,the former is better than the latter.The "recognize" and "obey" links on these two ways are reciprocally transformable,and the direction of transformation mainly depends on methods used by teachers to show the contents.

Field of study: Education
Increasing and signaling background reinforcement: effect on the foreground response-reinforcer relation.

Herrnstein's (1970) hyperbolic matching equation describes the relationship between response rate and reinforcement rate. It has two estimated parameters, k and Re. According to one interpretation, k measures motor performance and Re measures the efficacy of the reinforcer maintaining responding relative to background sources of reinforcement. Experiment 1 tested this interpretation of the Re parameter by observing the effect of adding and removing an additional source of reinforcement to the context. Using a within-session procedure, estimates of Re were obtained from the response-reinforcer relation over a series of seven variable-interval schedules. A second, concurrently available variable-interval schedule of reinforcement was added and then removed from the context. Results showed that when the alternative was added to the context, the value of Re increased by 107 reinforcers per hour; this approximated the 91 reinforcers per hour obtained from this schedule. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of signaling background reinforcement on k and Re. The signal decreased Re, but did not have a systematic effect on k. In general, the results supported Herrnstein's interpretation that in settings with one experimenter-controlled reinforcement source, Re indexes the strength of the reinforcer maintaining responding relative to uncontrolled background sources of reinforcement.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
The role of Central Asia in dinosaurian biogeography

Dinosaurian biogeography may have been largely controlled by the Mesozoic fragmentation of Pangea and the reassembly of its fragments into a new, boreal supercontinent (Laurasia). Although Late Triassic and Early Jurassic dinosaurs were globally distributed, Chinese assemblages were dominated by endemic forms from Middle Jurassic into Early Cretaceous time. The affinities of Aptian – Albian immigrants to Asia were strongest with North America and Europe rather than Gondwana, indicating that the northern and southern hemispheres had by then attained their biogeographic identity. This distinctiveness was maintained through Cretaceous time. Europe seems to have been a buffer area between Paleolaurasia and Gondwana; of the northern continents it was the most strongly influenced by Gondwana dispersants. Late Jurassic dinosaur assemblages in North America exhibited Gondwana affinities, but by Late Cretaceous time they were dominated by forms of Asian ancestry.

Field of study: Environmental science
Notiz über die alkalische Hydrolyse des starren cyclischen Acetylcholin‐Derivats N‐(2‐exo‐Acetoxy‐3‐exo‐norbornyl)‐trimethylammoniumjodid

Die Geschwindigkeit der alkalischen Hydrolyse ser 2-exo-3-exo-Verbindung 3 ist ahnlich der der 2-endo-3-endo-Verbindung 2, aber deutlich groβer als die des 2-endo-3-endo-Isomeren 1. Die Aktivierungsparameter fur die Reaktion von 3 wurden bestimmt. 
 
 
 
Note on the Alkaline Hydrolysis of the Rigid Cyclic Acetylcholine Derivative N-(2-exo-Acetoxy-3-exo-norbornyl)trimethylammonium Iodide 
 
 
 
The rae of alkaline hydrolysis of the 2-exo-3-exo compound 3 is similar to that of the 2-endo-3-endo isomer 1. The activation parameters have been determined for the hydrolysis of3.

Field of study: Chemistry
A PHF calculation for12C with the realistic interaction of Galonska, Faessler and Appel

Carrying out a PHF calculation for12C with the realistic matrix elements of Galonska, Faessler and Appel and constraining the nuclear radius in order to get enough saturation, one is lead to a problem similar to the one discussed by Bassichis and Wilets in a recent Physical Review Letter. A simple alternative solution is proposed and results are presented for the ground-state band and the 4p-4h state in12C.

Field of study: Physics