nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic expansions of the non-central distribution of milks1 statistic in the complex gaussian case

In this paper, asymptotic expansions of the non-null distribution of the Wilks' statistic for Manova based on the complex multivariate Gaussian distribution is obtained for the cases (a) when the non-centrality parameter ω∼is constant and (b) when ∼Is of the same order as the sample size. No direct method is available for the case (b) and thus the partial differential equation approach considered in this paper Is particularly useful

Field of study: Mathematics
Revival: Southern Writers in the Modern City, and: The Idea of Florida in the American Literary Imagination, and: Walker Percy: A Southern Wayfarer (review)

The south and its writers have probably captured the imaginations of Americans in a way that no other region and regional literature have. Writing about southern literature appears to pose a special problem, though, for everyone who comes to this task seems compelled to a kind of comprehensive analysis, one that tries to account for the great variety, power, and influence of this region and its literary outpouring. Ted Spivey's Revival: Southern Writers in the Modern City is one such ambitious book. Its aims, he admits, are multiple and complex. He sets out to produce simultaneously "an essay on culture," an examination of die image of "the city in its various aspects," and a study of the major modern southern writers as they have responded to a changing world. In effect, the book examines what the author terms a literary "soudiern urban renewal." That multiplicity of focus is almost the work's undoing, though, for with so many tasks to carry out, it never manages to stick to any one of them long enough to explore it properly or tellingly. The book's strength is its lengthy introduction that is itself an ambitious and insightful "essay on culture." In it, Spivey examines a number of "southern pseudo-myths," such as "the great white mansion," "happy slaves," "resplendent lords and ladies" of the old South, and "slave-driving fanatics." Although he admits that such pseudo-myths have their correspondents in other parts of America, he argues that the southern ones "have a far more ridiculous quality about them" than those of other regions and suggests that such tales invariably tend to drive truth "from the intellectual and the cultural marketplace." As he dismisses various of those pseudo-myths that have skewed much thought about the south and its literature, Spivey begins outlining a view of southern culture grounded in "the continuing power of two forces," "community and hierarchy," and he establishes the southern urban center as a touchstone for these cultural concerns.

Field of study: Art
Poster - Thur Eve - 35: Characterization of performance of two deformable registration software.

To evaluate the performance of two deformable registration softwares (a commercial and an open source software) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.



We used a set of 34 lung patients with generally large tumors each having between 1 and 20 CBCT scans. A radiation oncologist resident contoured GTVs on each CBCTs using planning CT contours as reference. Deformable registrations were performed on CT scans to adapt it to the first CBCT of each patient independently with both software. Then each CBCT was registered to the next CBCT. Contour structures have been deformed in the process for the commercial software and for the open source software contours have been drawn manually on deformed images.



Mean remaining volume (±SD) for manual GTV contours was 59 ± 32 %. GTVs obtained with the open source software were closer to the manual GTV in size than the commercial software. Mean relative errors on volume were 45 ± 60 % for the commercial system (33 patients) and 9 ± 2 % for the open source software (6 patients). Relative errors for the commercial software increased exponentially with the volume reduction but were constant over all CBCT for the open source software. Mean Jaccard and Dice's index were 0.57 and 0.71 for the commercial software (24 patients) and 0.80 and 0.88 for the open source software (6 patients).



Open source software shown tendency to give better results than commercial software but was slower than the commercial software.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Collapse, outflows and fragmentation of massive, turbulent and magnetized prestellar barotropic cores

Stars, and more particularly massive stars, have a drastic impact on galaxy evolution. Yet the conditions in which they form and collapse are still not fully understood. 
 In particular, the influence of the magnetic field on the collapse of massive clumps is relatively unexplored, it is therefore of great relevance in the context of the formation of massive stars to investigate its impact. 
 We perform high resolution, MHD simulations of the collapse of one hundred solar masses, turbulent and magnetized clouds, with the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES. We compute various quantities such as mass distribution, magnetic field, and angular momentum within the collapsing core and study the episodic outflows and the fragmentation that occurs during the collapse. 
 The magnetic field has a drastic impact on the cloud evolution. We find that magnetic braking is able to substantially reduce the angular momentum in the inner part of the collapsing cloud. Fast and episodic outflows are being launched with typical velocities of the order of 1-3 km s-1, although the highest velocities can be as high as 20-40 km s-1. The fragmentation in several objects is reduced in substantially magnetized clouds with respect to hydrodynamical ones by a factor of the order of 1.5-2. 
 We conclude that magnetic fields have a significant impact on the evolution of massive clumps. In combination with radiation, magnetic fields largely determine the outcome of massive core collapse. We stress that numerical convergence of MHD collapse is a challenging issue. In particular, numerical diffusion appears to be important at high density and therefore could possibly lead to an overestimation of the number of fragments.

Field of study: Physics
Initiatives of Ethiopian Government in Improving Females’ Participation in the General Secondary School Science Education

The study was aimed to evaluate the status of male and female students in their instructional practices, particularly in science education under the GSSs of North Wollo Zone. To achieve the objective, Evaluative research was used. Documents of grade 10 national examination results were taken as the research pool. Of these, by considering their recentness, the researcher was selected the four year’s (2013-2016) national exam result documents purposively. Accordingly, the required data was collected by using document analysis, and it was analyzed quantitatively by percentage, mean, Chi-Square test, and Standardize residual test.  Sex (male and female), and the two extreme grade levels (“A” and “F” scores) were used as units of analysis. The finding of the analysis indicated how females were poor academically than their counterparts. The variations which observed between male and female students in terms of passing in to preparatory school by considering all nine courses, in terms of scoring “A”, and scoring “F” in the three science subjects were 3.75%, 47.81%, and 12.76% respectively. This inequality is confirmed by the Chi-Square test analysis which shows that the calculated x 2 value (1098.8) greater than the critical value of x 2 (5.02). This verifies that male and female students have scored differently in the science national examinations. As a result, it is possible to say that female students were poor performer than males especially in the science subjects. Consequently, the researcher concluded as, although the FAWE’s GRP is regarded as an important strategy to achieve gender equality in the instructional process, GSS female students of North Wollo Zone did not perform academically as males in the national examinations. Therefore, teachers’ GRP practices of the zone need to be assessed and evaluated; MoE and Regional Education Bureaus, in collaboration with other stakeholders should make a concerted effort and should take appropriate actions in order to solve this inequality. The GSSs GRP practices have to be investigated; roles played by teachers, students, schools in general towards GRP also need to be evaluated.  General Secondary School; Gender, Initiative; Pedagogy;

Field of study: Education
Impact of lossy compression of X-ray projections onto reconstructed tomographic slices

Synchrotron beamlines acquiring data for tomographic imaging routinely produce a few TB of data per day, and significantly more in the case of time-resolved studies. This work investigates the impact of lossy compression of raw acquisitions onto tomographic reconstructions, aiming for production use. It is shown that a compression factor of at least three to four times does generally not affect the reconstruction quality and that higher factors (six to eight times) can be achieved for tomographic volumes with a high signal-to-noise ratio as it is the case for phase-retrieved datasets.

Field of study: Physics
Establishment of an in vitro cell line with HBV X gene expression which is mediated by tetracycline-regulated gene expression system

To establish in vitro cell line with stable and effective HBxAg expression, for the study of carcinogenesis mechanism of HBV X gene and HBxAg.  A recombinant plasmid (pBPSTR 1-FlagX) containing the full length of HBV X gene and the tetracycline-off gene expression system was constructed and then transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. Tetracycline-regulated expression of Flag-HBxAg in these cells was analyzed by Western blot using anti-Flag M 2 and anti-HBx antibodies.  Thirty puromycin resistant NIH 3T3 cell clones were obtained after being transfected with pBPSTR 1-FlagX plasmid. Among them stable expression of Flag-HBxAg were detected in 12 clones by Western blot and the expression of Flag-HBxAg was regulated by tetracycline in 5 clones. Flag-HBxAg expression was tetracycline dose-dependent in these stable cell clones and addition of 1μg/ml tetracycline completely turned off the expression of Flag-HBxAg.  A HBV X gene expression cell line with tetracycline-regulated system was constructed in this study. The property of this system ensures not only stable and high level expression of HBxAg but also quantitatively regulation of the protein expression levels by adjusting tetracycline concentrations. So it is a useful tool for functional studies of HBV X gene.

Field of study: Biology
Spin Structure Function of the Deuteron in the Resonance Region and the GDH Sum Rule for the Neutron 1

The nuclear effects in the spin-dependent structure function g1 of the deuteron are studied in the kinematics of future experiments at CEBAF, (� ≤ 3 GeV, Q 2 ≤ 2 GeV 2 ). The magnitude of the nuclear effects is found to be significantly larger than the one occurring in deep inelastic scattering (� → ∞, Q 2 → ∞). We discuss the mechanism leading to large effects in the region of the nucleon resonances. A possibility to measure the neutron structure functions in the CEBAF experiments with deuterium is analysed, and conclusions about the experimental study of the Q 2 dependence of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule for the neutron are drawn.

Field of study: Physics
The occurrence of Paleodictyon in shallow-marine deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Mikasa Formation, Hokkaido Island, northern Japan: Implications for spatiotemporal variation of the Nereites ichnofacies

The trace fossil Paleodictyon is characterized by a regular hexagonal network and has been widely considered to be a characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies, indicative of a deep-marine environment. Recently, however, some researchers have reported Paleodictyon occurrences in relatively shallow settings, leading to suggestions that the habitat of these burrowers was not restricted to deep-marine environments. A new occurrence of this trace fossil is presented in this study from a shallow-marine succession of Upper Cretaceous deposits in northern Japan. Paleobathymetric and temporal variations in the habitat range of shallow-marine examples of this ichnotaxon are also discussed based on a compilation of previous works. The new Paleodictyon specimens discussed here are from the lowermost part of the Mikasa Formation within the Yezo Group, interpreted as a deposit representing the lower shoreface through to the inner shelf transitional zone. This paper presents the first record of a shallow-marine Paleodictyon from the Pacific region; combined with data from previous studies, records suggest that shallow-marine Paleodictyon are observable from Paleozoic-to-Mesozoic shelf deposits, although no reliable records of their occurrences have so far been reported from the Cenozoic. Increasing bioturbation intensity and predation pressure during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic may have been significant factors preventing the preservation of this ichnogenus in post-Mesozoic shallow-marine settings. The Paleodictyon-bearing interval of the Mikasa Formation also preserves evidence for low-intensity bioturbation, which may account for preservation of the traces in this case.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Using electron irradiation to control the turn-off time of static induction transistors

Experimental data on the effect of irradiation and anneal treatments on the electric characteristics of high-voltage power static induction transistors (BSITS) are given. The treatments include bombardment by high-energy electrons and a subsequent isothermal treatment. The anneal behaviour of radiation-induced centres in the operating elements of BSITS is discussed. A criterion of preference for the centres, which control lifetimes, is suggested. The criterion of preference fits the A-centre. In addition, it is shown that the irradiation/anneal processing gives the best improvement of the semiconductor device characteristics when the phosphorus impurity concentration greatly exceeds the oxygen concentration in the heavily doped Si substrate and the oxygen content greatly exceeds the carbon content in the epilayer.

Field of study: Materials science
Ethical Leadership Practices: Does It Exist? Do We Care about It? An Evidences from College of Business Studies

Ethical leadership is an integral dimension of organizational leadership, behavior and culture, whose primary role is to lead the organization by making ethical decisions to inherently influence employees’ attitudes and interactions. The concept of ethical leadership specifically revolves around business practices that link the aspects of culture and business ethics. Previous academic studies in the field of ethical leadership have been quick to point out the principles, beliefs and values of the right and wrong are the ones that characterize the foundation of organizational behavior; thereby formulating the pedestal upon which leaders influence employees in achieving the goals of the organization. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate fundamental ethical leadership practices that followers can identify with. The findings of the research point out that majority of the sampled population think that there is a major ethics problem in the college of business studies. The study also established that those sampled believe the management is neither showing any attention to the ethical leadership aspect nor placing any consideration on the college’s Code of Ethics.

Field of study: Business
Basal forebrain neurons and memory: a biochemical, histological, and behavioral study of differential vulnerability to ibotenate and quisqualate.

The differential vulnerability of basal forebrain cells to ibotenate (IBO) or quisqualate (QUIS) was investigated in rats. IBO was also coinjected with cystine (CYS) or zinc (Zn). Cortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, neurotensin receptors, and high-affinity choline uptake sites were quantified in conjunction with radioimmunoassays for neurotensin, substance P, and somatostatin; immunocytochemistry for neurotensin-, somatostatin-, Leu-enkephalin-, and ChAT-positive cells; and in situ hybridization histochemistry of somatostatin, substance P, and enkephalin mRNAs. Compared with the performance of controls, continuous alternation performance in a T maze of IBO+Zn or IBO+CYS rats was better than that of IBO rats, whereas the performance of QUIS rats was unimpaired. Of those neurotransmitter systems examined, only ChAT-immunoreactive cells were vulnerable to IBO or QUIS. However, cholinergic cell loss did not correlate with impaired performance.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Mast cell production and response to IL-4 and IL-13.

IL-4 was identified as the first cytokine to be produced by mast cells and is responsible for promoting mast cell IL-13 production. IL-4 and IL-13 play a prominent role in stimulating and maintaining the allergic response. As closely related genes, IL-4 and IL-13 share a common receptor subunit, IL-4Rα, necessary for signaling. Here we summarize the literature on mast cell activation associated with IL-4 and IL-13 production, including downstream signaling. We also describe the positive and negative roles each cytokine plays in mast cell immunity and detail the differences that exist between mouse and human mast cell responses to IL-4 and IL-13.

Field of study: Medicine
Parameter polyoptimization of PSS2A power system stabilizers operating in a multi-machine power system including the uncertainty of model parameters

We perform parameter polyoptimization of power system stabilizers in a multi-machine power system.We use the genetic algorithm for investigations.In the analysis the parameter uncertainty is included.We use the modified Euclidean measure for estimation of the results. In the paper there is presented the analysis of the results of parameter optimization of the PSS2A power system stabilizers when taking into account the uncertainty of the power system (PS) mathematical model parameters. For parameter optimization of power system stabilizers (PSSs) there was used, among others, multi-criteria optimization (polyoptimization, Pareto optimization). The optimization criteria were determined for a selected disturbance in the multi-machine PS, taking into account the transient waveforms associated with electromechanical swings (waveforms of the instantaneous power and angular speed of a generator) as well as the waveforms of the terminal voltage of synchronous generators. The use of multi-criteria optimization enables taking into account many, sometimes contradictory, requirements (criteria) in the parameter optimization of PSSs without the loss of ability to achieve the optimal solution. A genetic algorithm with floating point encoding, multi-criteria tournament selection, modified simple crossover and non-uniform mutation was used for the optimization. Moreover, there was analyzed the influence of the uncertainty of the PS mathematical model parameters on the results of the parameter optimization of PSSs with the use of the worked out factor based on Euclidean measure.

Field of study: Mathematics
Combined method for the fabrication of high-power cladding light stripper using a buffered oxide etchant.

Cladding light strippers (CLSs) are vital and one of the critical components for high-power fiber laser applications. In this study, we show the first studies of the formation mechanisms and optimum conditions of a CLS device using a buffered oxide etchant by a combined method of stain (wet) etching and vapor-phase etching. This high-power CLS was shown to result in a stripping performance of ∼17.2  dB at the launched power of 333 W (pump limited). The thermal imaging demonstrates that the maximum temperature reached when operating the device at maximum launched power was ∼75°C. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the combined method yields crystal-like structures with the height in microscales, whereas other conventional methods give only nanoscale roughness. The method also preserves the diameter of the CLS device close to the bare fiber with about 10 μm tapering leads to a high surface area to strip unwanted light, which is good for heat dissipation. The combined method possesses the outcome of two methods, including both the crystal-like structures and nanosized hillocks, resulting in high-power stripping performance and robustness.

Field of study: Physics
SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF NOx AND SOx FROM FLUE GAS BY USE OF MOLTEN HYDROGENSULFATES AS REACTION MEDIA

The simultaneous removal of NOx and SOx by reaction with ammonia from flue gas was found to be attained at temperature ranging from 150 to 200°C in molten salts of hydrogensulfates dissolving V2O5. The addition of transition metal sulfates such as Ti(SO4)2, Zr(SO4)2 or CuSO4 led to a marked increase in the SOx removal.

Field of study: Chemistry
[The prevalence of the palmo-mental reflex in patients with cervicocranialgia].

To study characteristics of the palmo-mental reflex (PMR) in patients with cervicalgia accompanied by the most common forms of headaches: migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and cervicogenic headache (CGH).



Prevalence of PMR was studied in a sample of 142 patients with neck pain (mean age 39.1±12.1 years; 103 women and 39 men) accompanied by migraine, TTH or CGH. The first group included 66 patients (51 women and 15 men; mean age 39.4±12.8 years) with neck pain accompanied predominantly by migraine. The second group included 76 patients (52 women and 24 men; mean age 38.9±11.7 years) with TTH and/or CGH.



The palmo-mental reflex was observed in 86.4% patients of the 1-st group and 7.0% of the second group (χ2=91.41; p=0.000).



The results suggest the presence of anatomical and pathophysiological premises for occurrence of this reflex in patients with neck pain accompanied by migraine.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Parental Stress in Families of Children with Disabilities: A Literature Review

A lot has been written about the stressors in the lives of parents of children with disabilities. Several studies indicate that parents of children with disabilities experience higher levels of stress compared to parents of children without disabilities. Studies have focused on understanding the types, causes and the effects of these stresses, discussing further implications for family intervention. Anyway, little research is done in this area in Albania. This paper examines the existing research on stress in families of children with disabilities, highlighting different variables related to stress. Through a literature review and conceptual framework the aim of this article is to help professionals to a better understanding of variables related to stress, and to create some basis and guidelines for further empirical research in Albania. Suggestions for research in the future are discussed.

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Interpretations of Gravity Data from the Central Coast Ranges and San Joaquin Valley, California

A Bouguer anomaly profile across the Central Coast Ranges and San Joaquin Valley of California has been corrected for the effects of local suprabasement mass deficiencies. The profile extends approximately from Lucia to King City to Madera. Negative Bouguer anomalies of several tens of milligals are associated with the Tertiary sedimentary basins of the Coast Ranges and can be accounted for both from their limited extent and from available density data. The Joaquin Ridge serpentine body is apparently entirely serpentine, with no underlying unaltered ultramafic rock. Models can be constructed which suggest that the Diablo Range, at this latitude, is more or less isostatically compensated. However, isostatic modeling calculations, based upon anomalies of a few tens of milligals, approach the limits of meaningful evaluation of the models.

Field of study: Geology