nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the performance of Integrated Coastal Management in Quanzhou, Fujian, China

framework has been increasingly adopted in coastal cities of China. Using indicators to monitor and measure the progress and effectiveness of ICM implementation is a key step towards adaptive management of the ICM process in the long-term perspective. However, proper methods of evaluating the ICM performance are still lacking. An evaluation method based on assessment of indicators is suggested and applied to Quanzhou in this study. 32 indicators adapted to China's coastal cities are developed, and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is employed as the weighting method to synthesize the evaluation results.  ICM performance indicators are identified and specific suggestions are proposed based on the evaluation results, which would be useful for future decision-making in the ICM governance. The correlations between ICM governance, coastal environmental and socioeconomic sustainability are analyzed using the “Drive force-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response (DPSIR)” model. The evaluation indicators and methodologies could be applied to other coastal cities for promoting the progress of ICM towards the goal of sustainability.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Adjective Generation Technique: An Alternative to Adjective Check Lists

A recently developed Adjective Generation Technique for evaluating favorability of self-description was introduced as an alternative to standardized adjective check lists. Preliminary estimates of test-retest reliability (r = .74) and construct validity (r = .53) for the technique were reported. The comparative utility of the procedure over that of the Gough Adjective Check List was discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Radiocarbon Dating of Late Quaternary Deposits, South Louisiana

The late Quaternary deposits of southern and offshore Louisiana record a complete cycle of sea-level fluctuation which is associated with major changes in the volume of ice on the continents since the beginning of the last glacial stage. In order to date the major events of this cycle, 122 samples from both the surface and subsurface have been analyzed by the radiocarbon method.

A eustatic curve based on the age determinations of these samples supports previous estimates from geological data that the sea during the early part of the cycle fell to a position at least 450 feet below its present level. The lowest sample on this curve, which was deposited when sea level stood at −440 feet, shows that this fall took place more than 35,000 years ago. The rise of the sea during the middle part of the cycle occurred in two successive stages. The first stage is marked by a rise from more than −440 to −250 feet, about 200 feet, before 35,000 years ago, followed by a long stillstand. This period of stillstand terminated about 18,500 years ago with the beginning of the second-stage rise which brought the sea to its present position about 5000 years ago. Sea level during the last part of the cycle has remained unchanged to the present.

The eustatic curve implies that the ice sheets of the last major glacial stage not only reached their maximum extension but had begun to retreat before 35,000 years ago. Furthermore, it indicates that the final stage of retreat began about 18,500 years ago and ended about 5000 years ago. This latter estimate corresponds closely to dates obtained from glaciated areas and deep-ocean sediments for the final stage of ice withdrawal. No general agreement exists between the eustatic data and other estimates on the age of the maximum glaciation and the beginning of ice retreat.

Field of study: Geology
Analysis of Advantages, Benefits and Strategies of the Development of Kiwifruit Industry in Sichuan Cangxi County

The “Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer” issues are an important content related to the country’s overall strategy, and to develop characteristic agriculture is the fundamental way to solve the “Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer” issues. The Hongyang kiwifruit industry in Cangxi County of Sichuan Province has played an important role in increasing farmers’ income, optimizing the agricultural structure and promoting the rural development. Based on analyzing the comparative advantages, costs and benefits of the Hongyang kiwifruit industry development in Cangxi County, this article proposes to rely on science and technology, innovation mechanism, implementation of brand strategy and other strategies to promote the Hongyang kiwifruit industry development in Cangxi County.

Field of study: Business
IL-9 increases the expression of several cytokines in activated mast cells, while the IL-9-induced IL-9 production is inhibited in mast cells of histamine-free transgenic mice.

Histamine and IL-9 are suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthmatic and allergic reactions. Mast cells store a large amount of histamine in their granules and are capable of producing different cytokines upon stimulation. In this study we show that mast cells stimulated by IL-9 and ionomycin or IL-9 and antigen-specific IgE/antigen express several cytokines at mRNA level, among them are IL-5, IL-4, IL-10, IL-9, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, IL-6 and MIF. Furthermore, both IL-9 and ionomycin are needed for the production of these cytokines in great quantities, which is mediated through the production of IL-1beta. Histamine-free mast cells respond by a markedly decreased IL-9 expression to this stimulation. Our results show that this IL-9-induced IL-9 production may result in a positive feedback loop in mast cells and the lack of histamine disturbs this loop, which may serve as an explanation for the reduced asthmatic symptoms, observed in histamine-free mice.

Field of study: Medicine
Cuprate interband model and doping dependence of the coherence length

The free energy expansion of a two-band pair-transfer superconductor is developed. A critical in temperature and a noncritical coherence length appear. The effective in-planeab, H c c2 ∼ � −2 ab and the thermodynamic critical magnetic field (Hc0) on the whole hole doping (p) scale are calculated for a "typical" cuprate. A doping- prepared bare spectrum with normal state gaps quenched by doping has been used. The coherence lengthab falls with p first rapidly. A moderate enhancement starts when the "cold" defect band overlap with the valence band is reached. At overdoping �ab rises markedly. The H c2 curve shows a maximum before Tcmax. The bell-like Hc0-curve follows closely Tc, superconducting gaps, and superfluid density. The theoreticalab(p) nonmonotonic curve on the whole doping scale agrees with a recent experimental finding. PACS: 74.20.-z; 74.72.-h

Field of study: Physics
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Changes in the gain of stimulated Raman scattering of neodymium laser radiation by rotational levels of gaseous hydrogen

Measurements were made of the gain of stimulated Raman scattering by rotational levels of gaseous hydrogen in the case when the directions of rotation of the polarizations of the pump (neodymium laser) radiation and of the Stokes signal coincided or were opposite. The dependence of the gain on the hydrogen pressure was found. It was found that a ~50% efficiency of conversion into just the first Stokes component could be acheived without any special measures to suppress the second component.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Love, Family, and Society

Western society is going pathological; in many respects it is already quite sick. It is not I who make this drastic diagnosis, but the Pope. In his "Letter to Families" of February 1994, he does not hesitate to say: "our society ... from various points of view, is a society which is sick, and is creating profound distortions in man" (. Is such a diagnosis exaggerated? I do not think so. Is it pessimistic? Again I would say No, for it is given by a doctor firmly convinced that the patient is made for good health and has the ability to recover, and who himself knows and possesses the right medicine to bring about the cure. It is a stringent and disturbing diagnosis, certainly, but it is also encouraging. It says that something is wrong, seriously wrong; but shows how it can be put right. The Pope's optimism comes from his conviction and repeated insistence that man is meant for a "civilization oflove" (13), while his diagnosis derives from the fact that our western civilization seems to be one not oflove but rather, as he puts it, "a civilization of production and of use, a civilization of , things' and not of 'persons', a civilization in which persons are used in the same way as things are used".1 The consequences of a civilization of use, of a consumer-society, are clear. When everything (which includes everyone) becomes an object of use, once the object is no longer found to be useful, the practical thing is to discard it; and if it won't go away, to find ways of getting rid of it. A civilization of use can lead to a "civilization of dumping", of elimination of all that is considered unwanted (an unborn child, for instance). And when the unwanted thing or person cannot be easily eliminated, it can lead to a "civilization" of  It is love in particular which is in a critical state of pathology today. Not God's love for it is never in crisis -, but our love, which has to be the very dynamism of our being, and yet which can be choked out of us and killed by self-seeking. In a real sense, the West is in danger of death through heart-failure: love-failure. This is the sickness which is gripping western societies, because true human health can only be present in the person who is able to love; and we are forgetting how to love. There is the only really important thing in life: to learn to love. "I have set before you good and evil . . . . life and death; therefore choose . . . "3 This is the marvel and the burden of our existence, which appears both exciting

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Retention phenomenon from saturating plant leaves with agricultural liquids

A simple handheld field tool called an immersion cell was designed and developed to pursue studies of liquid formulation retention effects with plant leaves. The immersion protocol is one in which a finite leaf disk area is covered with a volume of a liquid formulation. A decanting process removes liquid that is classed as runoff. By measuring the runoff volume and comparing it to the original, the maximum liquid retention is obtained. Field studies were carried out to provide data for quantitative analysis. Four types of plants and three different liquid formulations were subjected to the immersion-retention study. Statistical analysis revealed a wide variety of retention phenomena. The analysis permitted a comparison of retention among the four type plants subjected to the three formulations, and separately for both sides of the leaves. Using a standard protocol, tap water was found to have the highest retention potential (mL/cm2) among the formulations on plant species studied. This was true for both the top and bottom of all type plant leaves. Field evidence was established that inducing drought-stress in cotton increased the retention forces that bind an aerial applied danitol/orthene insecticide spray formulation to the leaf surface. This response was anticipated on the basis of early exploratory studies of the retention effects. This research provides a technique/protocol for making a basic measurement regarding the retention forces that interface a liquid formulation with a plant leaf surface.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Above-Threshold Photoemission of Compound Nanoantennas Irradiated by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

A theoretical study of electron emission processes that occur at interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with bowtie compound nanoantennas is performed. A numerical analysis is conducted of the dependences of the spectra of ejected electrons on the features of the light pulses for different geometric parameters of the antennas. The calculation results show that asymmetric nanoantennas have distinct advantages over symmetric configurations of the elements of compound antennas.

Field of study: Physics
Smelting of Scandium by Microwave Irradiation

Scandium is being explored as an alloying element for aluminum alloys, which are gaining importance as high-performance lightweight structural alloys in the transportation industry. A few years ago, Sc was also found to be suitable for use in electrical devices. High-Sc-content ScAlN thin films have attracted significant attention because of their strong piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric response of ScAlN suggests that ScAlN thin films formed on a hard substrate would be suitable surface acoustic wave wideband filters for next-generation wireless communication systems. However, it is often difficult to use ScAlN thin films in MEMS devices—including acoustic ones—because of the extremely high price of metallic Sc, given the difficulty associated with smelting it. Here, we propose a novel process for smelting Sc metal by microwave irradiation. Sc metal was able to be obtained successfully from ScF3 through a microwave-irradiation-based carbon reduction reaction. The reaction temperature for this reduction process was approximately 880°C, which is half of that for the conventional smelting process involving reduction with Ca. Thus, the proposed microwave irradiation process has significant potential for use in the smelting of Sc metal.

Field of study: Materials science
Long-term evaluation of air sensor technology under ambient conditions in Denver, Colorado

Air pollution sensors are quickly proliferating for use in a wide variety of applications, with a low price point that supports use in high-density networks, citizen science, and individual consumer use. This emerging technology motivates the assessment under real-world conditions, including varying pollution levels and environmental conditions. A seven-month, systematic field evaluation of low-cost air pollution sensors was performed in Denver, Colorado, over 2015–2016; the location was chosen to evaluate the sensors in a high-altitude, cool, and dry climate. A suite of particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors were deployed in triplicate and were collocated with federal equivalent method (FEM) monitors at an urban regulatory site. Sensors were evaluated for their data completeness, correlation with reference monitors, and ability to reproduce trends in pollution data, such as daily concentration values and wind-direction patterns. Most sensors showed high data completeness when data loggers were functioning properly. The sensors displayed a range of correlations with reference instruments, from poor to very high (e.g., hourly-average PM Pearson correlations with reference measurements varied from 0.01 to 0.86). Some sensors showed a change in response to laboratory audits/testing from before the sampling campaign to afterwards, such as Aeroqual, where the O3 response slope changed from about 1.2 to 0.6. Some PM sensors measured wind-direction and time-of-day trends similar to those measured by reference monitors, while others did not. This study showed different results for sensor performance than previous studies performed by the U.S. EPA and others, which could be due to different geographic location, meteorology, and aerosol properties. These results imply that continued field testing is necessary to understand emerging air sensing technology.

Field of study: Environmental science
Tolerance to ethanol hypothermia in inbred mice: genotypic correlations with behavioral responses.

Hypothermia was studied 5 min before, and 30 and 60 min after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) in 20 inbred strains of mice. Ethanol was given daily for 8 days, and temperatures were taken on Days 1, 3, 5, and 8. Tolerance was indexed by the reduction in hypothermia over days. There were large strain differences in baseline temperature, the hypothermic effect of ethanol, and in development of tolerance to hypothermia. Some strains of mice (DBA/1J, DBA/2N, MA/MyJ, and PL/J) did not develop tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Initial sensitivity to the hypothermic effect of ethanol was significantly genetically correlated with tolerance development, indicating control of these responses by common genes. Ethanol-induced changes in activity and ataxia, as well as blood ethanol concentrations, were also assessed. Although there were significant strain differences in activity reduction, ataxia, blood-ethanol concentrations, and changes in these parameters during the course of chronic treatment, none of these variables could explain the genetic differences in hypothermic sensitivity and tolerance.

Field of study: Medicine
Numerical Simulation on Solidification Microstructure Evolution in Twin-roll Casting Process

Finite element method(FEM) was used to calculate the macro-transport phenomena in twin-roll casting process and cellular automation(CA) was applied to simulate the microstructure evolution in solidification.The coupling of CA with FEM,the nucleation and growth of grains and the microstructure evolution during solidification were simulated.On the basis of the CA-FEM method,the effects of the main parameters involving pouring temperature and casting speed on the solidification microstructure of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy AZ31B strip were studied,which provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of process parameters and the control of solidification structure.

Field of study: Materials science
A Simulation Study of One- and Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistics with a Particular Weight Function

Critical values for the one-sample and the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics with a particular weight function are compared and found to be greatly different. The difference is shown to be due to the marked sensitivity of the one-sample statistic to the values of the first and last order statistics of the sample distribution.

Field of study: Mathematics
Properties of solvent retention capacity in micro-core collections from Chinese wheat varieties

To effectively utilize the genetic resources in wheat breeding,four solvent retention capacities among 245 wheat micro-core collections from different wheat regions,which were grown at Anhui Province in 2006,were measured by approved method AACC 56-11.The results indicated that the variation range of water SRC,Na2CO3 SRC,lactic acid SRC and sucrose SRC were 75.7%～100.7%,87.5%～111.7%,79.8%～110.6% and 107.2%～141.6%,respectively;among the 245 wheat germplasm evaluated,45 germplasm with water SRC less than 80% accounted for 18.4%,55 germplasm with Na2CO3 SRC less than 95% accounted for 22.4%,40 germplasm with lactic acid SRC less than 85% accounted for 16.3%,53 germplasm with sucrose SRC less than 120% accounted for 21.6%;the characters of SRC from South of China Winter Wheat Region were superior to that from other wheat regions,with the lower water SRC,Na2CO3 SRC and lactic acid SRC;sucrose SRC from Northern Spring Wheat Region and Northern Winter Wheat Region was lower than other wheat regions;lactic acid SRC and sucrose SRC of bred varieties were lower than abroad varieties,among four solvent retention capacities, there was no significant difference between landrace varieties and bred varieties but for sucrose SRC.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 in a meadow ecosystem exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide for three years.

Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.

Field of study: Environmental science
New Developments in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and chronic disorder that causes considerable psychosocial impairment. This article reviews recent changes in the definition of SAD in DSM-5 and summarizes the current evidence for effective cognitive-behavioral treatments in adults, children, and adolescents. Current data suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious in the treatment of this condition. Among different CBT approaches, individual cognitive therapy may be associated with the largest effect sizes. In this review, interventions targeting dysfunctional cognitive processes that contribute to the effective treatment of SAD are discussed. Some recent findings from neuroimaging research and studies on the augmentation of CBT using neuroenhancers indicate that changes in emotion regulation as well as fear extinction are important psychological mediators of positive outcome. Furthermore, internet-delivered CBT is a promising field of technological innovation that may improve access to effective treatments. Despite the availability of effective treatments, treatment-resistant SAD remains a common problem in clinical practice that requires more research efforts. Finally, potential areas for further development of CBT as well as its dissemination in health care are summarized.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The Influence of Principal’s Communication Skills and Quality of Leadership on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of principal’s communication skills and quality of leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction. The analysis unit of this study was teachers in Public Senior High School/Public Vocational High School and Public Junior High School in Indonesia. Samples of the study were 95 respondents selected using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. Data collected were statistically processed by a multiple linear regression technique after meeting the criteria of validity and reliability tests. The results showed that principal’s communication skills and quality of leadership significantly affected teachers’ job satisfaction as indicated by the regression equation: Ŷ = 13.90 + 0.30X 1 + 0.47X 2 + e. Keywords : communication skills, quality of leadership, job satisfaction

Field of study: Education