nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Domestic and Cross-Border Acquisitions on Acquirer Shareholders' Wealth: Empirical Evidence from Indian Corporate

The present paper compares the impact of domestic acquisitions and cross-border acquisitions on Indianacquirer shareholders’ wealth during 2003-2008. A segregated analysis has also been conducted to measure theimpact of stake/control acquired, based on a sample of acquisitions of 268 domestic and 255 target firms acrossborder. Further, this paper also analyses the short-run performance of percentage of stake/control acquired inboth type of acquisitions. The stake/control acquired is divided into two categories: (i) complete acquisition and(ii) partial/majority control acquisition. Event study methodology has been conducted to analyse the share priceperformance of Indian acquirers in short-term. The findings reveal that cross-border as well as domesticacquisitions enhance shareholders’ wealth of the acquirer company on the announcement. The results indicatethat cross-border acquisitions generate higher returns than domestic acquisitions. Nonetheless, the segregatedanalysis makes it evident that the shareholders of acquiring firms of complete cross-border acquisitions earnhigher abnormal returns (significant at 5 per cent). The abnormal returns are higher (though statisticallyinsignificant) for partial/majority control domestic acquisitions.

Field of study: Business
Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of (Polyetheretherketone/Polyglycolicacid)-Hydroyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

Bioactivity and biocompatibility are crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was incorporated into polyetheretherketone/polyglycolicacid (PEEK/PGA) hybrid to improve its biological properties, and the composite scaffolds were developed via selective laser sintering (SLS). The effects of HAP on physical and chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. The results demonstrated that HAP particles were distributed evenly in PEEK/PGA matrix when its content was no more than 10 wt %. Furthermore, the apatite-forming ability became better with increasing HAP content after immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). Meanwhile, the composite scaffolds presented a greater degree of cell attachment and proliferation than PEEK/PGA scaffolds. These results highlighted the potential of (PEEK/PGA)-HAP scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

Field of study: Materials science
Task Assignment and Pricing Based on Psychological Surplus Value Model

Take photos to make money" APP is a self-service crowdsourcing platform relying on mobile Internet, which provides various business inspection and information collection for enterprises. An excellent crowdsourcing platform needs to meet a lot of conditions, and whether the allocation of tasks and pricing is reasonable is the key. In this paper, we set up the task allocation and pricing model based on UTM projection principle, urban residents travel speed weighting method, k-means clustering, ant colony algorithm and comprehensive distance value theory. Then we use the data of “China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling” in 2017 to test the model, which proves the robustness of the model in practical application.

Field of study: Business
Power, Patronage, and Political Violence: State Building on a Brazilian Frontier, 1822-1889 (review)

In this fine monograph, Judy Bieber revises our understanding of state building in nineteenth-century Brazil by decentering the traditional Rio-centric historical narrative of nineteenth-century Brazilian history and placing the periphery at the center of the narrative. She provides us with a rich empirical analysis of the Sao Francisco region in the north of Minas Gerais that also revises our understanding coronelismo. Bieber makes a strong case (for this region at least) that coronelismo was not a creation of the decentralization of the First Republic (1889-1930), but rather has its roots deep in the centralizing forces of the Empire (1822-89). This system of powerful local leaders tied to national and state political networks, she argues, emerges out of the consolidation of the nation-state by 1850.

Field of study: History
The Law: An Engine for Trade

The lecture traces the process of commercialisation in English law from its early stages to the present day. Until the mid-eighteenth century the law was in a process of integration, overcoming a judicial preoccupation with technicalities and procedures to form a body of rules which merchants could trust. From that point on the law has assumed a proactive role as an engine for trade. The nineteenth century is marked by legal facilitation, where new institutions were fashioned as a robust commercial framework for the Industrial Revolution. From the end of that century to the present day business law has served to regulate, building a sensitive framework for commercial development that balances the needs of commerce with the needs of society as a whole.

Field of study: Law
Antimycotic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Benzopyranopyrans and Related Compounds

A series of 39 new benzopyranopyrans and related compounds were synthesised and their antimycotic activity in vitro was evaluated against 4 species of human pathogenic yeasts which were insensitive to miconazole, isoconazole and tolnaftate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these commercial compounds ranged between 50 and 150 µg/ml. Of the new compounds, 15 were active against 5 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, while 9 more were active against 3 of these strains with an MIC of 6 µg/ml or lower. Similar MICs were shown by 5 compounds which were active against Candida albicans and 3 which were active against Trichosporon cutaneum. All the active compounds were found to be less toxic than the 3 commercial antimycotics, as judged by their LD50 values in mice. A number of deductions were made regarding the structural variations which resulted in the heterogeneity of response shown by the strains of C. neoformans tested in this series.

Field of study: Medicine
Resonant Transmission through Double Quantum Dots: Model and Numerical Results

Via projection operator technology, we restrict our discussion of Double Quantum Dots system in subspaces of fixed electron population. When an incident electron tries to pass through the dots, we find transmission peaks occur, if the system energy scans through eigen-levels in one-more-electron higher subspace of the dots. Also, we find some selection rules for this resonant transmission. We attribute some of these rules to the differences between many-electron bonding states and anti-bonding states.

Field of study: Physics
Genetic sequence stratigraphy of cool water slope carbonates (Pleistocene Eucla Shelf, southern Australia)

The south Australian Eucla Shelf belongs to the world's largest cool-water carbonate sedimentary system. During the Pleistocene, it exported large amounts of sediment to the shelf edge and upper slope resulting in an expanded sedimentary wedge. Wedge-internal clinoforming seismic reflectors suggest a stacking of the deposits into genetic sequences. High-resolution stable oxygen and carbon isotope, point counting, grain size, and carbonate mineralogical XRD analyses were carried out to characterize these genetic sequences along a dip-parallel transect of three ODP Leg 182 drill holes located between the shelf edge and upper slope. Oxygen and carbon isotope fluctuations show that the genetic sequences formed as a response to sea level fluctuations. Within the genetic sequences, facies differentiation and sediment volume partitioning occur along the transect. Lowstand deposits are fine grained and contain more sponge spicules and micrite. Highstand deposits are coarse grained with tunicate spicules, brown bioclasts, as well as bryozoan and corallinacean debris. Boundaries separating highstand and lowstand deposits are triggered by sea level fall, and are expressed as abrupt grain size changes or as turning points in grain-size trends. Analyzed components vary in abundance along the transect. Genetic sequences show dip-parallel variations in thickness combined with changing relative proportions of lowstand versus highstand deposits.

Field of study: Environmental science
Monoclonal antibody MACG1 distinguishes between different molecular species of the ganglioside GM3.

The present study investigates the chemical structure of a ganglioside, detected by monoclonal antibody (MAb) MacG1, which reacts with intracytoplasmic granules of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. The results obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry reveal that MAb MacG1 reacts with a subcomponent of the ganglioside GM3 found in melanoma and bovine brain. MAb MacG1 might be a powerful tool to distinguish among GM3 species and could help to define their possibly different biological functions.

Field of study: Biology
[Epileptiform activity index for the evaluation of treatment efficacy in patients with epileptic encephalopathy].

Continuous spike and waves during sleep (CSWS) may lead to different cognitive, motor and behavioral symptoms. CSWS is characterized by an electroencephalography (EEG) pattern of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). The article reviews the main criteria of ESES, localization of EEG-changes and main EEG-patterns. An analysis of abnormal neuroimaging findings in patients with ESES was performed. The main pathophysiologic theories of ESES pattern formation are reviewed. ESES diagnosis is usually based on rough visual assessment of the number of spikes and waves, but other methods of assessment are also utilized, including spike-wave index (SWI), which is widely used in clinical practice. SWI reflects the percentage of sleep covered with spikes and waves. Two different strategies of SWI calculation are used, but none of them is officially validated. Moreover, there is no consensus on the period of sleep to be used for the calculation of SWI. The article presents a detailed review of calculation and utilization of SWI. It is concluded that further research is needed to develop an optimal algorithm of SWI calculation.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Goal alignment in process improvement

Highlights? We evaluate the impact of process assessment on the success of process improvement. ? Focus on aligning process goals to organisation's business goals in process improvement. ? Data from 63 IT organisations conducting process improvements were analysed. ? Results indicate a severe lack of knowledge in goal alignment in practice. ? Industry needs guidance on how to align process goals and organisation's goals. Process improvement should improve an organisation's ability to achieve its business goals. While mapping an organisation's strategic goals through various layers of management is common, such mapping does not seem to continue through to their processes that create value to the organisation. Despite a number of process improvement methods being available, and almost two decades of experience with those methods, many process improvement projects do not end successfully.We explore the impact process assessment has on process improvement. In particular, we study the alignment of an organisation's process goals to its business goals; and the contribution of process assessment to this goal alignment. This paper illustrates the data gathered through industry survey reflecting the lack of focus on and alignment of organisation's business goals throughout process improvement. The results indicate that there is little knowledge and experience in industry in aligning the process goals and organisation's business goals. This, in turn, could explain the unsuccessful process improvement efforts or perhaps even the skepticism towards process improvement in general.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Scanning elctron microscopy of rat ova at early stages of fertilization

哺乳動物卵子の表面構造を解析するためにラット卵子を用い,SEMのための固定法やmount法について検討すると同時に受精界面における精子の侵入過程を追求した。その結果,ラット卵子では2.5%glutaraldehydeの固定だけで比較的良好な結果を得ることができた。Scanningの結果,ラット卵子のmicrovilliはTEMの結果と比較して短かくみえた。精子の卵子内(deutoplasma)への侵入はこれまで言われたように精子頭部の先端から貫入するのではなく,卵子表面に附着する状態ではいって行くものと考えられる結果を得た。また精子尾部も卵子表面に附着した後一定の部位で原形質膜ゆ合を起こし,卵子内にはいるものと考えられた。これらの結果を位相差顕微鏡やTEMの結果と比較論議した。

Field of study: Biology
Superior Dielectric Performance of Engineering Thermoplastic as a Result of In situ Embedding of Nanoscale Mixed-Phase Molybdenum Oxide

To facilitate in situ generation of single and mixed-phase molybdenum oxide on the nanoscale in a network of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), a novel polymer–inorganic solid-state reaction is proposed. Ammonium molybdate was homogeneously mixed with PPS in 1:1 molar ratio and heated at 285°C for different times (6 h, 24 h, or 48 h) under ambient conditions. The products were characterized by x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Structural investigations revealed the co-existence of mix-phased molybdenum oxide, i.e. dominant orthorhombic α-MoO3, and minor monoclinic Mo8O23 phases, within the modified PPS matrix. The resulting molybdenum oxide nanostructures had rod and sheet-like morphology in the PPS matrix. Dielectric measurements on pellets prepared from the resulting nanocomposites revealed improvement of the dielectric properties compared with values reported for pure PPS. The resulting nano-composites may exhibit properties synergistically derived from those of their components (molybdenum oxide and PPS), i.e. lower dielectric constant and loss tangent, enabling application as relatively high-temperature capacitors.

Field of study: Materials science
Effect of nonstationary regimes of the natural and mixed convection of melts on heat transfer and the forms of crystallization fronts in the Czochralski method

Regimes of the natural and mixed convection of melts with Prandtl numbers ten and 16 are studied experimentally and numerically. The evolution of spatial shape of flow as the Reynolds number rises is studied, as is that of heat transfer on the crystallization front at fixed values of the Grashof and Marangoni numbers, relative to the crystal radius. The boundaries of transitions to nonstationary flow regimes are determined.

Field of study: Physics
Genetic Variations of Oxidative Stress Related Genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO Modulate Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility Through Main Effects and Epistatic Interactions in a Chinese Population

To investigate the roles of the oxidative stress related-genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO in ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.  A total of 351 ischemic stroke patients and 417 controls were recruited. The ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222 and MPO rs2107545 gene polymorphisms were genotyped.  We identified that rs2107545 of MPO gene was significantly associated with ischemic stroke susceptibility after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, we also considered the likely complexity of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in stroke by assessing the combined effects of multiple genes. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis revealed that the combination of ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222 and MPO rs2107545 was significantly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (P=0.0040, OR (95% CI) =1.991 (1.241 to 3.195)). Additionally, the MPO rs2107545 genotype was significantly associated with clinical outcomes at 6 months after discharge from the hospital.  Our study revealed that epistatic interaction among the ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO genes played a significant role in vulnerability to ischemic stroke. Furthermore, these results also suggest that the rs2107545 of MPO gene can be used as a biomarker for the susceptibility and prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Holocene seasonal variability inferred from multiple proxy records from Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, USA

article i nfo A 9400-yr-old record from Crevice Lake, a semi-closed alkaline lake in northern Yellowstone National Park, was analyzed for pollen, charcoal, geochemistry, mineralogy, diatoms, and stable isotopes to develop a nu- anced understanding of Holocene environmental history in a region of northern Rocky Mountains that re- ceives both summer and winter precipitation. The limited surface area, conical bathymetry, and deep water (>31 m) of Crevice Lake create oxygen-deficient conditions in the hypolimnion and preserve annually laminated sediment (varves) for much of the record. Pollen data indicate that the watershed supported a closed Pinus-dominated forest and low fire frequency prior to 8200 cal yr BP, followed by open parkland until 2600 cal yr BP, and open mixed-conifer forest thereafter. Fire activity shifted from infrequent stand- replacing fires initially to frequent surface fires in the middle Holocene and stand-replacing events in recent centuries. Low values of δ 18 O suggest high winter precipitation in the early Holocene, followed by steadily drier conditions after 8500 cal yr BP. Carbonate-rich sediments before 5000 cal yr BP imply warmer summer conditions than after 5000 cal yr BP. High values of molybdenum (Mo), uranium (U), and sulfur (S) indicate anoxic bottom-waters before 8000 cal yr BP, between 4400 and 3900 cal yr BP, and after 2400 cal yr BP. The diatom record indicates extensive water-column mixing in spring and early summer through much of the Holocene, but a period between 2200 and 800 cal yr BP had strong summer stratification, phosphate limita- tion, and oxygen-deficient bottom waters. Together, the proxy data suggest wet winters, protracted springs, and warm effectively wet summers in the early Holocene and less snowpack, cool springs, warm dry sum- mers in the middle Holocene. In the late Holocene, the region and lake experienced extreme changes in win- ter, spring, and summer conditions, with particularly short springs and dry summers and winters during the Roman Warm Period (~2000 cal yr BP) and Medieval Climate Anomaly (1200-800 cal yr BP). Long springs and mild summers occurred during the Little Ice Age, and these conditions persist to the present. Although the proxy data indicate effectively wet summer conditions in the early Holocene and drier conditions in the middle and late Holocene, none point specifically to changes in summer precipitation as the cause. In- stead, summer conditions were governed by multi-seasonal controls on effective moisture that operated over multiple time scales.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Application of Memory Debugging Technology in Godson Embedded Systems

Memory errors debugging has been plagued with C/C++ developers in the past two decades,the embedded industry is more prominent.In the process of Godson SOC industrialization,also encountered this problem.Discusses memory problems may existing in the network computer system project,as well as the limitations of traditional manual troubleshooting.Introduces the Valgrind memory debugging technology into embedded software debugging,which solves this kind of memory leak problems more perfect.

Field of study: Computer science
ESA Voyage 2050 white paper: A complete census of the gas phases in and around galaxies, far-UV spectropolarimetry as a prime tool for understanding galaxy evolution and star formation

(abridged) The far-UV wavelength range (912-2000A) provides access to atomic and molecular transitions of many species the interstellar medium (ISM), circumgalactic medium (CGM), and intergalactic medium, within phases spanning a wide range of ionization, density, temperature, and molecular gas fraction. Far-UV space telescopes have enabled detailed studies of the ISM in the Milky Way thanks to absorption features appearing in the UV spectra of hot stars and yielding fundamental insights into the composition and physical characteristics of all phases of the ISM along with the processes that influence them. However, we have yet to design a spectrometer able to observe the full UV domain at resolving power R>10^5 with a signal-to-noise ratio SNR>500. Such a resolution is necessary to resolve lines from both the cold molecular hydrogen and the warm metal ions with a turbulent velocity of about 1 km s-1, and to differentiate distinct velocity components. Future UV spectroscopic studies of the Milky Way ISM must revolutionize our understanding of the ISM as a dynamical, unstable, and magnetized medium, and rise to the challenge brought forward by current theories. Another interesting prospect is to transpose the same level of details that has been reached for the Milky Way to the ISM in external galaxies, in particular in metal-poor galaxies, where the ISM chemical composition, physical conditions, and topology change dramatically, with significant consequences on the star-formation properties. Finally, we need to be able to perform statistical analyses of background quasar lines of sight intersecting the CGM of galaxies at various redshifts and to comprehend the role of gas exchanges and flows for galaxy evolution.

Field of study: Physics
Efficient double-stranded DNA cleavage by artificial zinc-finger nucleases composed of one zinc-finger protein and a single-chain FokI dimer.

Zinc-finger-FokI nucleases (ZFNs) are useful for manipulating genomic DNA, but two ZFNs are required to cleave one site of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which limits the choice of targets. To refine ZFN technology, we constructed artificial zinc-finger nucleases containing an artificial zinc-finger protein (AZP) and a single-chain FokI dimer with nine different peptide linkers between two FokI molecules (designated AZP-scFokI). DNA cleavage assays revealed that the AZP-scFokI variant possessing the longest peptide linker cleaved dsDNA with equal or greater reactivity than the corresponding AZP-FokI dimer. The DNA cleavage pattern of AZP-scFokI suggests that the enhanced dsDNA cleavage was due to increased formation of FokI dimer in AZP-scFokI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AZP-scFokI site-specifically cleaved its target DNA due to the AZP moiety discriminating one base pair difference. Thus, a single AZP-scFokI molecule is able to cleave dsDNA efficiently and site-specifically, and enhances the usefulness of the ZFN approach.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Illuminating the dynamic rare biosphere of the Greenland Ice Sheet's Dark Zone.

Greenland's Dark Zone is the largest contiguous region of bare terrestrial ice in the Northern Hemisphere and microbial processes play an important role in driving its darkening and thereby amplifying melt and runoff from the ice sheet. However, the dynamics of these microbiota have not been fully identified. Here we present joint 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA (cDNA) comparison of input (snow), storage (cryoconite), and output (supraglacial stream water) habitats across the Dark Zone over the melt season. We reveal that all three Dark Zone communities have a preponderance of rare taxa exhibiting high protein synthesis potential (PSP). Furthermore, taxa with high PSP represent highly connected 'bottlenecks' within community structure, consistent with their roles as metabolic hubs. Finally, low abundance-high PSP taxa affiliated with Methylobacterium within snow and stream water suggest a novel role for Methylobacterium in the carbon cycle of Greenlandic snowpacks, and importantly, the export of potentially active methylotrophs to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet. By comparing the dynamics of bulk and potentially active microbiota in the Dark Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet we provide novel insights into the mechanisms and impacts of the microbial colonization of this critical region of our melting planet.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science