nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic stratigraphy along the Amundsen Sea to Ross Sea continental rise: A cross-regional record of pre-glacial to glacial processes of the West Antarctic margin

The seismic sediment record of the Amundsen Sea continental rise provides insight into the sedimentation processes from pre-glacial to glacial times, variations in ocean-bottom circulation, early ice sheet growth, and intensification towards the present icehouse regime. Seismic reflection data acquired during the 2010 RV Polarstern and the 2006 RV Tangaroa expeditions, created a > 2000 km long continuous Amundsen Sea to Ross Sea seismic transect. Pre-existing lines linked to this transect, connect key seismic stratigraphy horizons from the Ross Sea shelf to the rise and farther along the West Antarctic margin, up to the Amundsen Sea Embayment. Seismic units AS-1 to AS-3 constitute the Cretaceous to Eocene pre-glacial (PG) sequence (79–34 Ma), units AS-4 to AS-6 the Eocene to mid-Miocene transitional (T) sequence (34–15.5 Ma), and units AS-7 to AS-11 the mid-Miocene to Quaternary full glacial (FG) climate sequence (15.5–0 Ma). The top PG sequence boundary horizon AS-u3/uPG-T, links to unconformity RSU6 of the Ross Sea shelf and to the base of Unit II of the eastern Amundsen Sea, and is interpreted as the first arrival of grounded ice on the shelf. The top T sequence boundary AS-u6/uT-FG, links to RSU4 and the base of Unit III, and is interpreted as the onset of the FG regime with intensified ice sheet advances onto the outer shelves. The Amundsen Sea basin accumulated up to 3.9 km thick sediments in its centre. Seismic facies geometry analysis suggests Paleocene–Eocene bottom-current activity, late Eocene shelf grounding of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and no apparent difference in the deep-sea sediment transport processes or temporal shift in deposition between the Amundsen Sea and Ross Sea. Implications for a Marie Byrd Land uplift starting at ~ 30 Ma are observed by a progressive change in horizon dip in the central Amundsen Sea seismic sequences.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Anne S. Macpherson, From Colony to Nation: Women Activists and the Gendering of Politics in Belize, 1912–1982 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007), pp. xviii+385, £30.00, hb.

seigneurial, plantation civilisation he created and whose decline he lamented. Moreover, as the authors show, his concern with foreign models, whether Left or Right, as potential pathogens for ‘his ’ Brazil was an abiding fear. While he himself boldly adapted such things as he saw fit, he dreaded their embrace by others as potentially deracinating. The contribution of this study is clear. Serious Brazilian intellectual history and explication, thriving in Brazil itself, remain embarrassingly neglected in the Anglophone world. The authors have brought Freyre to the English reader, with all of his enormous appetite for cultural, social and historical comparisons. Importantly, they have done so at the level at which he wrote, in which references to the advancing social sciences were as natural as the citation of novelists, critics and historians. Furthermore, the contribution made is not to the laity alone. As graduate students and as mature scholars, many of us read and return to Freyre because we must ; however, that does not always mean that we understand his intentions, his ambitions or all of his achievements. In accompanying the authors, one suspects many of us will learn a great deal about Freyre that we did not know (for instance, his debt to Spencer and its relationship to his embrace of ambivalence as an intellectual method). Moreover, we may learn how much we have missed in the work itself. The authors help us to read Freyre afresh – for example, his preoccupation with material culture and his fastening upon the ‘significant detail ’ are matters one can sense without understanding. Many of us have enjoyed the nearly tactile impressions one finds in Freyre, but have not thought about them as a careful artifice, the ‘ intimate history ’ Freyre knew might help in the recovery of the past. For the book’s examination of this, and for much more, the reader will be grateful.

Field of study: Political science
Determinants of plasma adiponectin levels in nondiabetic subjects with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.

Our objective was to determine factors associated with adiponectin levels in subjects with stage III to IV chronic kidney disease (CKD).



We used a cross-sectional analysis.



All kidney-disease subjects and controls were recruited at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN) and Maine Medical Center (Portland, ME).



We recruited 95 stage III to IV CKD subjects. Kidney-disease subjects with history of diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study.



There were no interventions.



Subjects with stage IV CKD had significantly higher adiponectin levels compared with those with stage III CKD (30.6 +/- 22.8 microg/mL vs. 21.1 +/- 14.6 microg/mL mean +/- SD, P = .05). Adiponectin was significantly correlated with gender (P = .01), high-density lipoproteins (P < .001), triglycerides (P = .004), and weight (P = .04) upon unadjusted analysis. Using multiple linear regression analysis, gender (P = .03), high-density lipoproteins (P = .001), triglycerides (P = .04), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = .004) were independently associated with adiponectin.



Gender, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are major determinants of adiponectin levels in nondiabetic stage III to IV CKD. Insulin resistance, body mass index, and body fat percentage were not associated with adiponectin levels. Plasma adiponectin levels are difficult to interpret in the setting of CKD because of multiple confounders that may influence the relationship between adiponectin, adiposity, and insulin resistance.

Field of study: Medicine
Asymptotic behaviour of the convolution tail of distributions each having a first or second order regularly varying tail

Suppose X, Y are i.i.d. positive r.v.'s with infinite mean. We study the asymptotic behaviour of P(X + Y > x ) as x-»oo in case 1 F(x) and 1 G(x) are regularly varying at infinity. As an application of the results we evaluate the asymptotic behaviour of the tail d.f. of the convolution of two stable d.f.'s on R^ each of index between 0 and Vi. K e y w o r d s : regulär Variation, convolution, stable distribution.

Field of study: Philosophy
[Review of: Sari Kivistö (2002) Creating Anti-Eloquence. `Epistolae obscurorum virorum' and the Humanist Polemics on Style]

eval neologisms and usages. It also assesses his use of classical quotations and allusions, carefully describes the manuscript and printed sources, and ends with a detailed bibliographical description of each source used. There are several helpful appendices: a list of abbreviations; an extensive bibliography of modern scholarship; indices of proper names, of Latin and Greek words and syntax, and variant Latin spellings; and an index of classical, patristic, and humanistic sources. Another appendix assesses (with negative results) the evidence for deliberate use of prose rhythm (clausus) in Agricola's letters. There is also a list of minor textual variants, and a concluding chronological list of all fifty-five letters. In sum, the editors have produced an excellent edition of an important source for the history of early German and Dutch humanism. Their book offers a glimpse — the best we are likely ever to have — into those obscure decades when Germanic humanism was laying the foundations of the dominant position it held on the eve of the Reformation.

Field of study: History
Comparison of Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Al2O3/TiO2/ZrO2 Layers in Oxide–Hydroxyapatite Sandwich Composite Coatings Deposited by Sol–Gel Method on Ti6Al7Nb Alloy

In this study, coatings of different oxides (TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) as well as sandwich composite hydroxyapatite with an oxides sublayer (oxide+HAp) were deposited on Ti6Al7Nb alloy using the sol–gel dip-coating method. The coatings were characterized in terms of morphology (optical microscope), surface topography (AFM), thickness (ellipsometry), and crystal structure (XRD/GIXRD). The mechanical properties of the coatings—hardness, Young’s modulus, and adhesion to the substrate—were examined using nanoindentation and scratch tests. The barrier properties of the coatings against the migration of aluminum ions were examined by measuring their concentration after soaking in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) with the use of optical emission spectrometry of inductively coupled plasma (ICPOES). It was found that all the oxide and HAp coatings reduced the permeation of Al ions from the Ti6Al7Nb alloy substrate. The best features revealed an Al2O3 layer that had excellent barrier properties and the best adhesion to the substrate. Al2O3 as a sublayer significantly improved the properties of the sandwich composite HAp coating.

Field of study: Materials science
Cone-beam CT dosimetry for the positional variation in isocenter: A Monte Carlo study.

This study investigated variations in kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) dosimetry for a change in the isocenter positions in the head-and-neck, lung-breast, and pelvis Rando phantoms using Monte Carlo simulations. Phase space kV-CBCT beams with energy of 120kVp for the XVI system equipped to the Elekta Synergy medical linear accelerator were used to calculate dose distributions for the head-and-neck, lung-breast, and pelvis phantoms, with isocenters in the original positions near to the center of each phantom using the EGSnrc-based Monte Carlo code. Dose calculations were repeated with kV-CBCT isocenters shifted from the original positions along the x, y, and z axes. The relative dose ratio profiles, corresponding to different isocenter positions normalized to the original ones, were compared to evaluate the variations in the dose distribution due to isocentric shifts. Moreover, the relative dose at the isocenter, maximum dose, and mean dose for each isocenteric shift in the three phantoms were calculated. In this study, the original isocenter/center of the phantom was used as the reference for dose normalization. When the isocenter was chosen off from the center of the head-and-neck phantom, the maximum and mean imaging doses were found, varying by 14% and 15% in the anterior-posterior directions and 9% and 7% in the left-right directions. These dosimetric variations were slightly larger (17% and 17% in the anterior-posterior directions and 19% and 16% in the left-right directions) for the lung-breast phantom. For the pelvis phantom, the maximum and mean imaging doses varied by 10% and 22% in the anterior-posterior directions and 9% and 14% in the left-right directions with changes in the isocenter positions. Since the typical imaging dose is in the range of 2-8cGy for the soft tissue per kV-CBCT acquisition, the variation in the imaging dose due to the patient setup error (∼2cm) is insignificant compared to the original designed imaging dose. Moreover, the information on imaging dose varying as a function of the choices of isocenter or imaging center is useful for the physician and planner when they design the treatment plan for image-guided radiotherapy.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Optical losses in As–S fibers in the wavelength range 0.8–1.6 μ

The spectra of the optical losses in fibers were determined in the 0.8–1.6 μ wavelength range. A considerable change in the optical losses was observed under the influence of visible radiation and this was attributed to a photoinduced absorption of light because of a strong interaction of nonequilibrium carriers with localized states in the band gap of a glassy chalcogenide semiconductor. The photoinduced absorption was found to depend on the visible radiation intensity. The optical losses in the fibers made of chalcogenide glasses increased as a result of irradiation with a neutron dose of 1017cm−2 because of the appearance of additional defects which altered the surface state of the fibers.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Solvable sequence evolution models and genomic correlations.

We study a minimal model for genome evolution whose elementary processes are single site mutation, duplication and deletion of sequence regions, and insertion of random segments. These processes are found to generate long-range correlations in the composition of letters as long as the sequence length is growing; i.e., the combined rates of duplications and insertions are higher than the deletion rate. For constant sequence length, on the other hand, all initial correlations decay exponentially. These results are obtained analytically and by simulations. They are compared with the long-range correlations observed in genomic DNA, and the implications for genome evolution are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Hypogean carabid beetles as indicators of global warming

Climate change has been shown to impact the geographical and altitudinal distribution of animals and plants, and to especially affect range-restricted polar and mountaintop species. However, little is known about the impact on the relict lineages of cave animals. Ground beetles (carabids) show a wide variety of evolutionary pathways, from soil-surface (epigean) predatory habits to life in caves and in other subterranean (hypogean) compartments. We reconstructed an unprecedented set of species/time accumulation curves of the largest carabid genera in Europe, selected by their degree of ?underground? adaptation, from true epigean predators to eyeless highly specialized hypogean beetles. The data show that in recent periods an unexpectedly large number of new cave species were found lying in well established European hotspots; the first peak of new species, especially in the most evolved underground taxa, occurred in the 1920?30s and a second burst after the 70s. Temperature data show large warming rates in both periods, suggesting that the temperature increase in the past century might have induced cave species to expand their habitats into large well-aired cavities and superficial underground compartments, where they can be easily sampled. An alternative hypothesis, based on increased sampling intensity, is less supported by available datasets.

Field of study: Environmental science
[Comparison of plaque-forming characteristics and morphogenetic changes of Newcastle disease virus isolated from chickens and geese on host cells].

The plaque-forming characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses of chickens and geese source were compared on various cells. The result showed that there were obvious differences of plaque formation between F48E9 and NA-1 on Vero cells, chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) and goose embryo fibroblast cells (GEF). The plaque-forming ability of NA-1 was higher than F48E9 on GEF, but lower than F48E9 on CEF. On Vero cells, the plaque-forming ability of NA-1 was slightly stronger than F48E9. It demonstrated that the plaque-forming characteristics were consistent with host tropism of virus. The morphogenesis of F48E9 and NA-1 on Vero cells was observed with transmission electron microscope. There were different replication processes between F48E9 and NA-1 on cells at different stages. NA-1 had stronger adaptability to host than F48E9 according to budding processes and envelope integrity.

Field of study: Biology
Why do forest products become less available? A pan-tropical comparison of drivers of forest-resource degradation

Forest products provide an important source of income and wellbeing for rural smallholder communities across the tropics. Although tropical forest products frequently become over-exploited, only few studies explicitly address the dynamics of degradation in response to socio-economic drivers. Our study addresses this gap by analyzing the factors driving changes in tropical forest products in the perception of rural smallholder communities. Using the poverty and environment network global dataset, we studied recently perceived trends of forest product availability considering firewood, charcoal, timber, food, medicine, forage and other forest products. We looked at a pan-tropical sample of 233 villages with forest access. Our results show that 90% of the villages experienced declining availability of forest resources over the last five years according to the informants. Timber and fuelwood together with forest foods were featured as the most strongly affected, though with marked differences across continents. In contrast, availability of at least one main forest product was perceived to increase in only 39% of the villages. Furthermore, the growing local use of forest resources is seen as the main culprit for the decline. In villages with both growing forest resource use and immigration—vividly illustrating demographic pressures—the strongest forest resources degradation was observed. Conversely, villages with little or no population growth and a decreased use of forest resources were most likely to see significant forest-resource increases. Further, villages are less likely to perceive resource declines when local communities own a significant share of forest area. Our results thus suggest that perceived resource declines have only exceptionally triggered adaptations in local resource-use and management patterns that would effectively deal with scarcity. Hence, at the margin this supports neo-Malthusian over neo-Boserupian explanations of local resource-use dynamics.

Field of study: Environmental science
Percutaneous renal surgery in children with complex stones.

We report our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) therapy for staghorn or complex pediatric renal calculi.



We retrospectively analyzed the case records of 105 patients younger than 17 years who underwent PNL. The cases included 53 complex calculi analyzed in 51 patients. We defined complex calculi as either staghorn or those with a stone bulk larger than 300 mm(2), involving more than one calix, the upper ureter or stone in anomalous kidney.



Mean age of patients with complex calculi was 9.7+/-0.7 years and stone burden was 654+/-92.4mm(2). The median duration of PNL was 90+/-4.7 (30-220) min. Complete clearance was achieved in 39 patients (73.6%). Of these, 32 (60.4%) required a single tract, while 21 (39.6%) required multiple tracts. With subsequent shock wave lithotripsy and PNL, the clearance rate increased to 86.8%. The average hemoglobin drop was 1.6+/-0.16 g/dL. Assessing the factors affecting the hemoglobin drop, the number of tracts (P=0.01) and size of tracts (P=0.002) were found to be significant. The mean change in serum creatinine concentration between preoperative and postoperative measurements was -0.01+/-0.02 mg/dL, for both patients with a single tract and those with multiple tracts.



PNL is safe and effective in the management of staghorn and complex renal calculi in children. Tract dilatation and number of tracts are important factors in reducing blood loss.

Field of study: Medicine
Experimental Study of Utilizing Recycled Fine Aggregate for the Preparation of High Ductility Cementitious Composites

Waste concrete was recycled and crushed into fine aggregate to prepare a high ductility cementitious composite (HDCC) in this study, for helping dispose the massive amount of construction waste and for reserving natural resources. Firstly, the features of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) were analyzed in detail and compared with natural fine aggregate (NFA). After that, the mechanical properties, including compression, flexure, bending and tension, and the microstructure of high ductility cementitious composite (HDCC) prepared with RFA were systematically investigated and compared with that of HDCC prepared with NFA. The results show that, since RFA has a higher water absorption rate and contains 4.86 times as much crush dust as NFA, HDCC with RFA forms a denser matrix and a higher bond between fiber and matrix than HDCC with NFA. Thus, HDCC with RFA has higher compressive, flexural, bending and tensile strength. Meanwhile, the higher bond between the fiber and matrix of HDCC with RFA and the finer particle sizes of RFA can greatly promote the development of multiple cracking. As a result, HDCC with RFA exhibits more remarkable stain hardening, and presents 182.73% higher peak deflection in bending and 183.33% higher peak strain in tension than HDCC with NFA. Finally, with the consideration of fiber volume fraction, the prediction models for the peak strengths of HDCC with RFA were proposed. The prediction results show a good agreement with the test results.

Field of study: Materials science
Synthesis and molecular structure of substituted 2-hydroxyperhydro-[1,3,2]dioxaborinino[5,4-c]pyridines, perhydro[1,3]dioxano[5,4-c]pyridine, and their precursor-4-hydroxy-3-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine

4,8a-Diphenyl-substituted 2-(2-propoxy)perhydro[1,3,2]dioxaborinino[5.4-c]pyridine was obtained by the condensation of 4-hydroxy-3-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine with triisopropyl borate, and its 2-hydroxysubstituted analog in the presence of water. 1-Methyl-4,8a-diphenyl-perhidro[1,3]dioxano[5,4-c]pyridine was synthesized by the reaction of the same piperidol with formaldehyde. A comparative study of the molecular structures of the three products was carried out by X-ray crystallography.

Field of study: Chemistry
GIS "Wows" Planners: Real-time Analysis of Land Use Allocations Using GIS

The author comments on her participation in a community visioning process as a graduate student and GIS specialist. She shows how integrating GIS technology into public workshops can increase support for database technologies, enhance the community’s planning process, and increase stakeholder involvement. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/focus This Faculty and Student Work is brought to you for free and open access by the City and Regional Planning at DigitalCommons@CalPoly. It has been accepted for inclusion in Focus by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CalPoly. For more information, please contact mwyngard@calpoly.edu. Recommended Citation Rosenblum, Corinne (2005) "GIS "Wows" Planners: Real-time Analysis of Land Use Allocations Using GIS,"   Using GIS The author comments on her participation in a community visioning process as a graduate student and GIS specialist. She shows how integrating GIS technology into public workshops can increase support for database technologies, enhance the community’s planning process, and increase stakeholder involvement. Embarking on a new path; I arrived in San Luis Obispo August 10, 2003 to begin the Masters of City and Regional Planning program at California Polytechnic State University. What did I know about the planning profession? Not much, but I did know GIS (Geographic Information Systems). I spent the previous four years working for a GIS Consulting firm in Boston. We developed GIS data and trained local municipalities on how to query for parcels, create abutter’s lists, view zoning maps, etc. Shortly after I arrived in San Luis Obispo, in search of a part-time job and extracurricular experience, I met professor Walt Bremer at the Landscape Architecture GIS Lab . The GIS Lab wanted my help on a contract with the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) to assist with the technical aspects of several future visioning workshops. It was the perfect opportunity to earn money and build connections within the community.

Field of study: Medicine