nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality Control Measures and Sustainable Development in Higher Education System in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study examined the influence of quality control measures on sustainable development of Cross River State Higher Education System. The task of achieving sustainable development in the state tertiary education institutions hinged on thorough quality control measures of variables affecting educational institutions. To achieve the purpose of the study four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the research paper. The study adopted purposive, accidental and simple random sampling technique to select the sample for the study. The population comprised all the state and federal higher educational institutions. The sample for the study was 402 academic and non-academic staff. The instrument used for the study was a 50-item questionnaire entitled: Quality Control Measures Questionnaire (QCMQ) and Sustainable Development Assessment Questionnaire (SUAQ). This was developed by the researchers and validated by two experts in the faculty of education, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Cronbach alpha coefficient used for reliability of the instrument stood at 0.78 and 0.81 respectively. The data collected was analysed using ANOVA and independent t-test statistical tool. The result revealed that all the variables used significantly influenced sustainable development. Based on the findings the study recommends that the National Universities Commission (NUC) should enforced uniform instructional objectives and minimum academic standards in all universities.

Field of study: Education
Significance of anti‐nuclear and anti‐extracellular matrix autoantibodies for albuminuria in murine lupus nephritis; a longitudinal study on plasma and glomerular eluates in MRL/l mice

The relationship between autoantibody reactivities and nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. We studied MRL/l mice which developed a considerable albuminuria (either mice with short (< 1 week) or heavy and prolonged (3 weeks) albuminuria) and compared them with non‐albuminuric age‐matched controls, with young (12 weeks old) non‐albuminuric mice and with mice which were followed for 36 weeks and did not develop albuminuria. In a longitudinal prospective study on plasma samples we correlated a variety of anti‐nuclear reactivities and reactivities against extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with the onset of albuminuria. We found that at the onset of albuminuria, anti‐DNA was higher while anti‐nucleosome and anti‐H2A/H2B‐DNA subnucleosome reactivities were lower compared with age‐matched non‐albuminuric mice. We also studied glomerular eluates of these mice in ELISA and in indirect immunofluorescence (IF). In the eluates we found with IF that anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM)‐tubular basement membrane (TBM) antibodies were already present in 12‐week‐old non‐albuminuric mice. These eluates showed no anti‐nuclear antibodies. In eluates of albuminuric mice more immunoglobulin was deposited, and anti‐ECM, anti‐DNA and anti‐nucleosome reactivities were higher than in eluates of age‐matched non‐albuminuric mice. The deposition of anti‐nucleosome antibodies preceded the deposition of anti‐DNA antibodies since they were deposited to a greater extent in mice with a short albuminuria. We conclude that anti‐GBM‐TBM antibodies are the first autoantibodies that deposit in glomeruli of MRL/l mice at an early age. The onset of albuminuria is associated with additional deposition of both anti‐ECM and anti‐nuclear (anti‐nucleosome and anti‐DNA) antibodies, but the difference with non‐albuminuric mice seems to be more quantitative than qualitative.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Requirement-based approach for groupware environments design

Groupware applications have special features that, if they were taken into account from the very beginning, could reasonably improve the quality of the system. Such features concern human-computer-human interactions, i.e. a further step in the human-computer interaction field: communication, collaboration, cooperation and coordination, time, space, and awareness are issues to be considered. This paper presents a novel approach to gather requirements for groupware applications. The proposal is based on a methodology that includes the use of templates to gather the information regarding the different types of requirements. The requirements templates have been extended to include new information to give account of specific features concerning groupware applications. The information gathered is managed in a CASE tool we have developed; then general and specific diagrams are automatic or semi-automatically generated.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Rates of description of Phytoseiidae mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata): space, time and body size variations

This study aims to analyse the degree of completeness of world inventory of the mite family Phytoseiidae and the factors that might determine the process of species description. The world data set includes 2,122 valid species described from 1839 to 2010. Species accumulation curves were analysed. The effect of localisation (latitude ranges) and body size on the species description patterns over space and time was assessed. A low proportion of species seems remain to be described, but this trend could be explained by a critical reduction in the number of specialists dedicated to the study of those mites. In addition, this trend refers to the areas where phytoseiids have been well studied around the world, and it may change considerably if the study of these mites would be intensified in some areas. The number of newly described species is lower near the tropics, and their body size is also smaller. Differences in body size were noted between the three sub-families of Phytoseiidae, the highest mean body lengths of adult females being observed for Amblyseiinae, the most diverse family. In the future, collections would have certainly to take into consideration such conclusions for instance in using more adequate optical equipment especially for field collections. The decrease in the number of phytoseiid mite described was confirmed and the factors that could explain such a trend are discussed. Information for improving further inventories is provided and discussed, especially in relation to sampling localization and study methods.

Field of study: Environmental science
Optic pathway gliomas: a review.

Optic pathway gliomas represent approximately 3-5% of childhood intracranial tumors. They usually occur in children during the first decade of life and are seen in 11-30% of patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Although these tumors are typically low-grade gliomas, the clinical course and natural history are highly variable, making treatment paradigms difficult. Overall, however, they are often indolent tumors that can be observed over time for progression without initial treatment, especially in patients with NF1. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for progressive tumors, and radiation therapy is reserved for patients with progressive disease who are older than 5-7 years. Surgery is reserved for large tumors causing mass effect or hydrocephalus and tumors confined to the orbit or unilateral optic nerve.

Field of study: Medicine
Differential domain folding/unfolding of gamma-crystallins: existence of two distinct groups.

High resolution calorimetry and spectral measurements have been employed to examine folding/unfolding behaviour of gamma-crystallins which are known to contain two homologous domains. Results have been analyzed in terms of selective unfolding of domains, interdomain interactions, conformational stability and the existence of intermediates in the order-disorder transition equilibrium. Both spectral and thermotropic data indicate that, in terms of structural hierarchy, these proteins can be divided into two distinct groups, gamma II and gamma IIIB belonging to one and gamma IIIA and gamma IVA to the other. The unfolding/folding characteristics of these two groups are distinctly different. Equilibrium unfolding of gamma II and gamma IIIB is biphasic indicating the existence of an intermediate in which one domain unfolds and the other remains in the native form. The absence of a cooperative transition in gamma IIIA and gamma IVA in acidic urea has also been attributed to a structured intermediate, most likely a molten globule, which may not be thermodynamically as distinct as of the former group. The difference in the equilibrium folding/unfolding transition of these two groups has been explained by subtle differences in the packing arrangement of their two domains and interactions between them. Since the intermediates, under certain circumstances, are known to aggregate, they are likely to play a critical role in the etiology of human cataract formation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Knowledge of Colombian biodiversity: published and indexed

Documenting patterns of published studies on the biodiversity of megadiverse countries can offer valuable insights on global biodiversity knowledge. Here, I present results from a bibliometric analysis of 5,264 indexed publications on biodiversity in Colombia published during the period 1990–2011 and gathered by searching the Web of Knowledge database. I classified studies into six overlapping subjects: taxa lists, new taxa, new records, conservation, genetic diversity, and other. Publications were also classified by geographic location and the taxonomic group studied. I found variation in the number of studies per year, which presented a long-term trend of increasing volume. The 31 continental departments of Colombia and both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans were represented in the studies, which included 98 taxonomic classes from 47 phyla. However, there were strong biases in taxonomic, geographic, and subject coverage. For instance, 75 % of studies focused on animals; and the Atlantic Ocean showed the highest number of studies, followed by Antioquia and Valle del Cauca departments. Genetic diversity and conservation were the least-studied subjects. I also found that Colombian researchers and Colombian institutions have played an important role in documenting the country’s outstanding biodiversity. However, Colombian biologists still prefer to publish in domestic or Latin American journals, which are mainly regional and have low international visibility. The patterns I present here can have important implications for optimizing and guiding research on Colombian biodiversity, and the paper concludes with some recommendations.

Field of study: Environmental science
[Effect of somatostatin and GABA on long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 are in rats].

AIM. To study the effect of somatostatin (SS) and GABA on the long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal CA1 area in rats.



Active avoidance response (AAR) of shuttle-box was recorded and population spikes (PS) were taken as indices of LTP.



Increased percentages of PSA (PS amplitude, in AAR-acquired rats are more than 100%; After intrahippocampal injection (i.h.) of SS (1 g L-1), increased percentages of PSA exhibited above 120%. Increased percentages of PSA were significantly decreased (< 10%, n = 3) and even caused no PS (n = 8) by ih cysteamine (Cys, 20 g L-1, the depletor of SS); i.h. GABA (200 g L-1) indicated that the increased percentages of PSA are less than 30%, GABA weakened the effect of SS on LTP.



SS enhance hippocampal LTP but GABA decrease it; they may influence each other to regulate the hippocampal synaptic transmission in the process of learning and memory.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Reducing parasitic capacitance of strained Si nano p-MOSFET by control of virtual substrate doping

Biaxially strained Si channel p-MOSFETs on virtual SiGe substrates suffer from a parasitic parallel channel in virtual substrate. This channel participates in current passing through the devices and increases parasitic capacitors which degrades the high frequency response. In this paper a new approach has been introduced to eliminate the channel which in turn reduces parasitic capacitors of the MOSFET. It is illustrated that, increasing virtual substrate doping, can reduce and finally eliminate this unintentional channel. In this work 2D simulation has been used to investigate the impact of the proposed method.

Field of study: Physics
Estimation of the respiration quotient in a bicarbonate buffered batch cell cultivation.

In bicarbonate buffered media the carbon dioxide balance is affected by accumulation and therefore the RQ can not directly be calculated from gas flow and gas concentration measurements. To cope with the buffering capacity of such media a Kalman Filter was designed as a software sensor to estimate the RQ. To eliminate the role of a priori knowledge of cell and medium kinetics on the performance of the Kalman Filter all carbonate was lumped to one term. As a result only physical constants are required. A reference experiment verified the performance of the software sensor. Subsequently several experiments were performed with insect cells to show the progress of the RQ-values during cultivation.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
From a Prison in Brazil—1774

Edmund Burke was much troubled in 1775 by the deteriorating relations between Great Britain and her North American dependencies. Even so grave a crisis, however, did not prevent him from noting and extolling “the manner in which the people of New England have of late carried on the whale fishery.” New England whalers were sailing to places as remote as the South Atlantic Falkland Islands “in the progress of their victorious industry.”

Field of study: History
Cleavage development in dolomite of the Elbrook Formation, southwest Virginia

Well-developed cleavage in argillaceous Cambrian Elbrook Formation dolomite has been analyzed petrographically and chemically to evaluate the deformation mechanisms responsible for cleavage formation and the lithologic controls on these mechanisms. Two main types of cleavage occur: moderately spaced cleavage defined by coarse, continuous, wavy domains, and narrowly to closely spaced cleavage defined by fine, discontinuous, anastomosing domains.

The two most important deformation mechanisms during cleavage formation were pressure solution and mechanical rotation. Evidence for pressure solution includes off-set sedimentary structures, grain dissolution, syn-cleavage fibrous veins, and accumulations of quartz, phyllosilicates, and pyrite in cleavage domains. Pressure solution was enhanced by the presence of clay minerals.

A model for cleavage development in dolomite is presented in which cleavage initiates by the dissolution of dolomite grains at dolomite-phyllosilicate grain boundaries. Rotation of phyllosilicate grains concomitant with dolomite removal resulted in a strong preferred orientation of layer silicates within cleavage domains. Finer cleavage domains coalesced to form coarser domains as the intervening lithon dolomite was dissolved. This model is comparable to those previously proposed for cleavage development in argillaceous limestones and siltstones.

Field of study: Geology
Application of VTS Approximation Based Feature Compensation Approach to Speech Recognition

In the environment with various noises,the mismatch between training and testing will result in a great reduction of speech recognition performance.As an effective method for robust speech recognition,feature compensation can refine testing noisy feature to be closer to training feature.In this paper,we proposed a practical feature compensation approach based on Vector Taylor Series(VTS) approximation using explicit model of environmental distortion.Firstly,we test and verify the effectiveness of traditional offline VTS algorithm in real car environment,however this offline algorithm has a large amount of calculation,in order to make it practical,the algorithm has been improved to increase efficiency and keep the performance comparable to the offline condition.From experimental results,performance of the practical VTS algorithm proposed in the paper is much close to the best performance of the offline condition.

Field of study: Computer science
The Place of Naive Contents in a Theory of Attribution: Reflections on Calder's and Zuckerman's Critiques of the Endogenous-Exogenous Partition

Based on Calder's and Zuckerman's recent comments this paper re-examines internal and endogenous attributions in the broad context of lay inference. It is proposed that both internality and endogeneity refer to the contents of attribution rather than to the Process of attribution. In this sense internality and endogeneity are not part of the scientific theory of attribution that must remain invariant across contents. Furthermore, the following specific conclusions are reached: (1) Arguments to the contrary notwithstanding the internal-external partition does appear troubled by the problems of criterion and of inference, while the endogenous-exogenous partition seems relatively clear of these problems. (2) The endogenous (-exogenous) and the internal (-external) distinctions differ authentically from each other rather than being conceptually equivalent, or being merely stated on different levels of abstraction. (3) The contents of attribution must be specified from the layman's perspective, otherwise they may not account for lay inferences. Therefore, the suggestion that endogeneity is phenomenological and internality - scientific is judged unacceptable.

Field of study: Psychology
Diagnostic importance of evoked skin sympathetic potentials in panic disorders

: Panic disorder (PD) is a state characterized by a complex of psychiatric and autonomic symptoms. The high frequency of autonomic symptoms in PD suggests the necessity of evaluation of the autonomic nervous system state. For this purpose, author used the method of evoked skin sympathetic potentials (ESSP). ESSP per se is a result of the reflex which includes three patterns: afferent, central and efferent. Patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of PD were stratified into three nosological groups: neurotic, personality disorders and schizotypal pathology. A study of ESSP revealed the significant increase of latency in all groups regardless of their mental status as compared to the controls. A role of central mechanisms (the increase of time of the central delay) appears to be the most plausible in the genesis of the ESSP latency increase in PD.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The Performance of Male Nobility in Molière's Comédie-Ballets: Staging the Courtier (review)

the works of Italian authors who had achieved some success. Such was the case of Della Porta’s La sorella and I due fratelli rivali. Larivey opened in France the vein of serious comedy, while Rotrou introduced tragic comedy (or pastoral comedy). The relationship between Italian Renaissance commedia erudita and the French theater of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has been the object of many studies by Stiefel, Hauvette, Sanese, Chasles, and Toldo, just to mention a few names. Patrizia de Capitani’s more modern approach lingers on the intercultural relationship of the two theatrical forms, studying the works in their own imitative process. Unlike the critics, the scholar was able to demonstrate in her works that the comedies of the second half of the sixteenth century, characterized as they are by romance and pathetic elements, do not show the disappearance of the model, but its own dynamism and its capability to adapt to the variations in mentality and taste. French playwrights showed their necessity to overcome their own models in order to integrate them into a new culture.

Field of study: History
Development of SPACE-II for rapid sample exchange at SPring-8 macromolecular crystallography beamlines

A rapid and reliable sample changer, SPACE-II, has been developed at the SPring-8 macromolecular crystallography beamline BL41XU. It enables samples to be exchanged in 16 s, of which its action accounts for only 11 s. Two years of operating SPACE-II demonstrated that the average number of sample exchanges per day was increased by 40% compared with the previous model, and it had an error rate of only 0.089%.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effects of isotope disorder on phonons in germanium determined from bound exciton luminescence

The effects of isotope disorder on the energies of the transverse acoustic (TAL), longitudinal acoustic (LAL) and transverse optical (TOL) phonons at the L point have been investigated using the luminescence of excitons bound to copper acceptors. In a sample with approximately equal 70Ge and 78Ge the TOL phonon is 0.14+or-0.03 meV higher in energy than expected for a crystal of the same mean atomic mass, while the LAL phonon is 0.07+or-0.03 meV lower in energy; the TOL phonon is also broadened by 0.4 meV. In this disordered sample the Cu no-phonon line is 0.05+or-0.02 meV higher than expected.

Field of study: Materials science
Unitary dual of GL(n) at archimedean places and global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence

In a paper by Badulescu [Global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, multiplicity one and classification of automorphic representations,  (2008), 383–438], results on the global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, (weak and strong) multiplicity-one theorems and the classification of automorphic representations for inner forms of the general linear group over a number field were established, under the assumption that the local inner forms are split at archimedean places. In this paper, we extend the main local results of that article to archimedean places so that the above condition can be removed. Along the way, we collect several results about the unitary dual of general linear groups over ℝ, ℂ or ℍ which are of independent interest.

Field of study: Mathematics
Complete genome sequence of hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. ES1.

Thermococcus sp. strain ES1 is an anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a hydrothermal vent that catabolizes sugars and peptides and produces H2S from S°, H2, acetate and CO2 as its primary metabolites. We present the complete genome sequence of this strain (1,957,742bp) with a focus on its substrate utilization and metabolite production capabilities. The sequence will contribute to the development of heterotrophic archaea for bioenergy production and biogeochemical modeling in hydrothermal environments.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Using Experiential Learning in the Classroom

Academic experiences designed to promote active learning can be thrilling and memorable educational opportunities for students and their instructors. Unfortunately, they can also be miserable failures for students lacking necessary skills and motivation, and for instructors lacking necessary resources and support. This paper describes two active learning projects, both successful in many ways, and draws from them observations and lessons on the failings of active education for some students, and the burdens placed on instructors.

Field of study: Education