nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
New Public Management and Management Education: Foundations of Successful Management Reform

International experience shows that the main objective of New Public Management (NPM) reform has predominantly been to overcome the current crisis in funding and public service delivery. The achieving this objective has involved adopting a philosophy of ‘more for less’ or, in other words, by enhancing ‘value for money’ in public service delivery. To this end,NPM reforms have generally aimed at replacing the inherited or traditional bureaucratic structure of management with a market – or at least a competition-based – contract arrangement. As is the case in any contested market setting, the main concern of state and public administration is no longer merely to ensure a legally correct application of laws, but also to use scarce resources as ‘efficiently’ as possible in the pursuit of the desired ends of increased productivity and ‘more for less’.

Field of study: Political science
Analysis of the shot putting techniques of excellent female shot putters in China

By making a comparative study of the entire gliding and final power exploding techniques of 3 excellent Chinese female shot putters who participated in Beijing Olympic Games 2008,the authors revealed the following findings: GONG Li-jiao’s gliding was distance too short and took too much time,but her entire accelerating rhythm was good;LI ling’s transition time was to short,her equipment passing effect was not good,her final power explod-ing was amplitude too small and distance too short,and her entire power exploding rhythm was not good;LI Mei-fang had a small fluctuation of body center of gravity at the gliding stage,her accelerating rhythm was good,but the time she used for final power exploding was somewhat too long.

Field of study: Education
AN IMPROVED BAYESIAN SAMPLING PLAN FOR EXPONENTIAL POPULATION WITH TYPE I CENSORING

A new decision function is proposed and its Bayes sampling plan is also derived in which cost of unit time is considered in the loss. The proposed sampling plan includes the Lam's (Lam, Y. Bayesian Variable Sampling Plans for the Exponential Distribution with Type I Censoring.  1994, 22(2), 696–711.) plan as a special case. An algorithm for determining an optimal sampling plan is given and some optimal solutions are tabulated. Some numerical comparisons between the optimal sampling rule in Lam (Lam, Y. Bayesian Variable Sampling Plans for the Exponential Distribution with Type I Censoring.  1994, 22(2), 696–711.), the proposed rule and another alternative rule are also made. Some simple illustration for application is given.

Field of study: Mathematics
Applications of CS decomposition in linear combinations of two orthogonal projectors

We study the spectrum and the rank of a linear combination of two orthogonal projectors. We characterize when this linear combination is EP, diagonalizable, idempotent, tripotent, involutive, nilpotent, generalized projector, and hypergeneralized projector. Also we derive the Moore–Penrose inverse of a linear combination of two orthogonal projectors in a particular case. The main tool used here is the CS decomposition.

Field of study: Mathematics
Radii and Binding Energies of Nuclei from a Model of the pn-pair Interactions

New formulas to calculate the nuclear charge radii and the nuclear binding energies have been derived in the framework of an alpha-cluster model. The particular features of the model are two assumptions that the proton-neutron pair interactions are responsible for adherence between alpha-clusters and that the proton and the neutron from a proton-neutron pair have equal nuclear potentials. These assumptions allow one to determine the charge and Coulomb radii in dependence on the amount of proton-neutron pairs in the nucleus. Unlike the Weizsacker's formula to calculate nuclear binding energies, in the model the binding energies of alpha-clusters and excess neutrons are estimated separately. The calculated values are in a good agreement with the experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Role of Fluid State Mobilization during Metamorphism of the Henderson Ore Bodies, Chibougamau, Quebec, Canada

The Henderson Cu-Au deposit occurs in discordant structures within the anorthosite zone of the Dore Lake Complex. The Dore Lake Complex is intruded into volcanic rocks of the Chibougamau greenstone belt on the southeastern side of the Superior Province. Massive to disseminated sulfide ores are associated with sericite, carbonate, chlorite and/or chloritoid schists within a large 'shear zone'. These ores show structural and textural evidence of intense deformation, recrystallization, and metamorphic mobilization.The deposit comprises not only sulfide schist ore with alternating sulfide and schist layers, but also 'hydrothermal' vein-type segregation ore. The latter is characterized by sulfide-bearing quartz-calcite veins that occur in the 'shear zone' and in the subsidiary fractures adjacent to it.The sulfide schist and vein types of ores can be attributed to partly solid state mobilization combined with fluid state mobilization from a pre-existing ore, and is an excellent example of extensive fluid state ...

Field of study: Environmental science
SUBSTANCE INTERACTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCES IN FIXED CARRIER MEMBRANE PROCESS FOR CO_2 SEPARATION

Polyvinylpyrrolidone was synthesized by radical polymerization Poly( N vinyl γ sodium aminobutyrate) containing secondary amine and carboxyl groups which can react reversibly with CO 2 was obtained through the hydrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone A new facilitated transport composite membrane for CO 2 separation was prepared with the hydrolysate as the top layer material and microporous membrane as the support The interactions of CO 2, CH 4, water, low molecular mass impurities in the membrane and support membranes were studied and the influences of the interactions on the membrane structure and performance were also investigated Water was not only a carrier but also a plasticizer.The coupling between CO 2 and CH 4 affected their permeability.The presence of low molecular mass impurities in the membrane could alter the membrane structure and performance.The material and pore diameter of the support membrane affected the composite membrane performance

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Extracranial ligation of ethmoidal arteries before resection of giant olfactory groove or planum sphenoidale meningiomas: 3 illustrative cases with a review of the literature on surgical techniques.

There are several surgical techniques for reducing blood loss-open surgical and endoscopic-prior to resection of giant anterior skull base meningiomas, especially when preoperative embolization is risky or not technically feasible. The authors present examples of an institutional experience using surgical ligation of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries producing persistent tumor blush in partially embolized tumors.



The authors identified 12 patients who underwent extracranial surgical ligation of ethmoidal arteries through either a transcaruncular or a Lynch approach. Of these, 3 patients had giant olfactory groove or planum sphenoidale meningiomas. After approval from the institution privacy officer, the authors studied the medical records and imaging data of these 3 patients, with special attention to surgical technique and outcome. The variations of ethmoidal artery foramina pertaining to this surgical approach were studied using preserved human skulls from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio.



The extracranial ligation was performed successfully for control of the ethmoidal arteries prior to resection of hypervascular giant anterior skull base meningiomas. The surgical anatomy and landmarks for ethmoidal arteries were reviewed in anthropology specimens and available literature with reference to described surgical techniques.



Extracranial surgical ligation of anterior, and often posterior, ethmoidal arteries prior to resection of large olfactory groove or planum sphenoidale meningiomas provides a safe and feasible option for control of these vessels prior to either open or endoscopic resection of nonembolized or partially embolized tumors.

Field of study: Medicine
R. K. Narayan, Raja Rao and Modern English Discourse in Colonial India

Indigenous Indian Novel-writing in English dates back to at least the mid-nineteenth century. Its "origin" owes as much to the educational reforms called for by both the 1813 Charter Act and the ensuing 1835 English Education Act of William Bentinck as to the circulation, representation, and purchase of English literature and culture among members of the Indian upper classes in nineteenthcentury India. While we are not at liberty to assume that novel production in Britain and colonial India underwent simply parallel routes, we may still argue for the possibility, in the case of Englishwriting in India, of a nascent space in which British and Indian social codes and value systems began to intersect and mutually determine one another. More specifically, the translation of certain progressive British social codes and cultural values of the Enlightenment into Indian terms entailed something like a new episteme, within whose rigor Indian writers started to produce novels assuming a critical stance towards what were now viewed as "backward" Indian social and cultural practices. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's 1864 novel, Rajmohun's Wife, for instance, utilizes a social reformer's zeal in its depiction of a middle-class Hindu woman's abuse by her husband.1 However, by the early twentieth century, many writers began' to insist on the Indian "content" of their material, an increasingly prevalent tendency no doubt informed by the corresponding rise of nationalism and all the organized movements of civil disobedience.

Field of study: Art
Chronic ethanol consumption increases reactive oxygen species generation and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory proteins in the heart through TNFR1-dependent mechanisms.

We evaluated the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) on ethanol-induced cardiac dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or TNFR1-deficient mice (TNFR1-/-) were treated with ethanol (20% v/v) for 10 weeks. Increased protein expression of TNFR1 and NFκB p65 was detected in the left ventricle (LV) of WT mice chronically treated with ethanol. Echocardiographic analysis showed that ethanol consumption increased left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic diameter in WT, but not TNFR1-/- mice. Increased levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide anion (O2-), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as increased nitrotyrosine immunostaining were detected in the LV from WT, but not TNFR1-/- mice. Conversely, treatment with ethanol decreased nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentration in the LV. Histopathological analysis showed that ethanol did not induce inflammatory infiltrates, necrosis or edema in the LV. No differences in the ventricular expression of iNOS, Nox2 or COX-2 as well as in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were found after treatment with ethanol. Our study provided novel evidence that ethanol consumption augmented the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory proteins in the LV through TNFR1-dependent mechanisms. These findings provided novel mechanistic insights about the contribution of TNFR1 in the initial steps of the cardiac damage induced by ethanol.

Field of study: Medicine
Hydrogenation Defect Passivation for Improved Minority Carrier Lifetime in Midwavelength Ga-Free InAs/InAsSb Superlattices

Two hydrogenation techniques were used to passivate defects in InAs/InAsSb superlattices: UV-photon assisted hydrogenation with and without DC bias enhancement. The effects of the hydrogenation on the minority carrier lifetime were studied using photoluminescence and optical modulation response. An increase of the minority carrier lifetime from 1.8 μs to 3.3 μs with hydrogenation using both methods was observed; however, the processing time shortened from 24 h to 90 min when using the DC bias enhancement. The largest increase in carrier lifetime corresponded to a deuterium density of 9 × 1014 atoms/cm2, as measured by nuclear reaction analysis.

Field of study: Materials science
Saturation Effect on Photoionization-driven Broad Absorption Line Variability

We study the saturation effect on broad absorption line (BAL) variability through a variation phenomenon, which shows significant variation in Si IV BAL but no, or only small, change in C IV BAL (hereafter Phenomenon I). First, we explore a typical case showing Phenomenon I, quasar SDSS J153715.74+582933.9 (hereafter J1537+5829). We identify four narrow absorption line (NAL) systems within its Si IV BAL and two additional NAL systems within its C IV BAL, and confirm their coordinated weakening. Combining with the obvious strengthening of the ionizing continuum, we attribute the BAL variability in J1537+5829 to the ionization changes caused by the continuum variations. Secondly, a statistical study based on multiobserved quasars from SDSS-I/II/III is presented. We confirm that (1) the moderate anticorrelation between the fractional variations of Si IV BALs and the continuum in 74 quasars that show Phenomenon I and (2) the sample showing BAL variations tends to have larger ionizing continuum variations. These results reveal the ubiquitous effect of the continuum variability on Phenomenon I and BAL variation. We attribute the relative lack of variation of C IV BALs in Phenomenon I to the saturation effects. Nonetheless, these absorbers are not very optically thick in Si IV and the ionization changes in response to continuum variations could be the main driver of their variations. Finally, we find that the saturation effect on BAL variability can well explain many phenomena of BAL variations that have been reported before.

Field of study: Physics
Changes in the spectral profile of the gain band of a dye solution in an intense narrow-band radiation field and their manifestation in pulsed dye lasers

Three different methods, namely probing the gain of a dye solution with two concurrent collinear beams of intense narrow-band and weak broad-band radiation, transillumination of a dye solution emitting broad-band radiation with a beam of intense narrow-band radiation, and simultaneous laser emission of narrow-band and broad-band radiation from a dye solution were used in order to show experimentally that in an intense narrow-band radiation field a change occurs in the spectral profile of the gain band of excited organic-dye solutions. This consists in a reduction of the gain at the short-wavelength edge and the appearance of additional gain at the long-wavelength edge of a narrow line. The effect changes the spectral composition of the radiation amplified by an excited dye solution and, at high laser output powers, transforms the line emission profile of pulsed dye lasers with selective and nonselective resonators (when their spectral emission characteristics are controlled by external injection).

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Diversity of RuBisCO and ATP citrate lyase genes in soda lake sediments.

Sediments from six soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) and from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi Natrun (Egypt) were analyzed for the presence of cbb and aclB genes encoding key enzymes Ci assimilation (RuBisCO in Calvin-Benson and ATP citrate lyase in rTCA cycles, respectively). The cbbL gene (RuBisCO form I) was found in all samples and was most diverse, while the cbbM (RuBisCO form II) and aclB were detected only in few samples and with a much lower diversity. The cbbL libraries from hypersaline lakes were dominated by members of the extremely haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing Ectothiorhodospiraceae, i.e. the chemolithotrophic Thioalkalivibrio and the phototrophic Halorhodospira. In the less saline soda lakes from the Kulunda Steppe, the cbbL gene comprised up to ten phylotypes with a domination of members of a novel phototrophic Chromatiales lineage. The cbbM clone libraries consisted of two major unidentified lineages probably belonging to chemotrophic sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria. One of them, dominating in the haloalkaline lakes from Wadi Natrun, was related to a cbbM phylotype detected previously in a hypersaline lake with a neutral pH, and another, dominating in lakes from the Kulunda Steppe, was only distantly related to the Thiomicrospira cluster. The aclB sequences detected in two samples from the Kulunda Steppe formed a single, deep branch in the Epsilonproteobacteria, distantly related to Arcobacter sulfidicus.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Reducing ear, nose and throat (ENT) waitlists: Implications of a referral audit.

Many specialist waitlists in Australian hospitals are long. One reason anecdotally reported for this is poor alignment of referrals with current recommended guidelines. This paper reports the findings of an audit undertaken in 2017 for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeon referrals submitted by primary health centres within Cape York, 
54 long-wait ENT referrals were reviewed against referral criteria for ENT presentations using the Clinical Prioritization Criteria (CPC) and two routinely applied clinical primary health care guidelines; with findings reported alongside patient demography.



All of the long wait ENT referrals in the sample were for remote living Indigenous Australians, most were children (93%). One fifth of referrals fulfilled all referral criteria and were appropriate (22%); one third required further informaiton to support the referral, either audiology or clinical history (30%); and half were inappropriate referrals (48%).



Although many referral submissions did not adhere to CPC or routine guidelines, this audit enabled the identification of improvements to the referral system including the development of a checklist and flow-chart, plus patient information resources aimed at improving patient adherence. A case can be made for a new service delivery model that provides ongoing primary health education and facilitates improved ENT access. These strategies may improve ENT referral quality and decongest current ENT specialist waitlists, while offering improved primary health care management of ear presentations.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Estimates of Location Based on Rank Tests

A serious objection to many of the classical statistical methods based on linear models or normality assumptions is their vulnerability to gross errors. For certain testing problems this difficulty is suc-cessfully overcome by rank tests such as the two Wilcoxon tests or the Kruskal- Wallis H-test. Their power is more robust against gross errors than that of the t- and F-tests, and their efficiency loss is quite small even in the rare case in which the suspicion of the possibility of gross errors is unfounded.

Field of study: Mathematics
Anticipated biphasic effects of alcohol vary with risk for alcoholism: a preliminary report.

Twenty-five sons of alcoholic fathers and 114 sons of nonalcoholic fathers reported the stimulant and sedative effects they expected alcohol would produce on both the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol curve. High-risk subjects anticipated more stimulation on the ascending limb, and more sedation on the descending limb than low-risk subjects. These results are comparable to some studies of subjective responses to alcohol in high- and low-risk men, and to previous work on risk and anticipated effects. These expectancies may contribute to risk-related differences in responses to alcohol, as well as the development of problem drinking.

Field of study: Medicine
Opinions of High School Students involved in Violence

The aim of this research is to assess the opinions of students in a variety of high schools at different class levels who received disciplinary punishment for violence. The research comprised 35 boys and 10 girls, for a total of 45 students. The data for the research were obtained with semi-structured interviews. The results show that the students used violence due to insufficient anger control, insufficient problem solving skills, and problems with delayed gratification and peer support. Additionally, it was found that the academic success of the students was low, they were repeating classes, had absences from school and problems with their families. During students’ evaluation of the events for which they received disciplinary punishments, they stated that they would experience the same problems in similar situations or would quickly remove themselves from the scene as a solution. The guidance service, which is the school support service, helped; however this was insufficient and it was emphasized that management and teachers did not show sufficient interest. Additionally though some of the students were receiving medical treatment, it was observed that their problems continued. This situation was evaluated as showing that to solve the problem team work is necessary. In conclusion, in addition to medical evaluation of students for antagonism disorder and behavior disorder, it is proposed that projects with a holistic basis including family training, anger control studies, conflict resolution skills and peer mediation training supported by social services are necessary.  violence in school, aggressiveness, disciplinary punishment

Field of study: Education
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered Commercially Pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Dental Applications

To apply laser-sintered titanium (Ti) materials to dental prostheses with a three-dimensional structure such as partial dentures, we examined the microstructures and mechanical properties of commercially pure (CP) Ti grade (G) 2 annealed after laser sintering and laser-sintered (as-built) Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The tensile and fatigue properties of CP Ti G 2 annealed at 700 °C for 2 h after laser sintering were close to those of wrought CP Ti G 2 annealed at the same temperature after hot forging. The ultimate tensile strengths (σUTS) of 90°- and 0°-direction-built CP Ti G 2 rods after laser sintering 10 times were 553 and 576 MPa and the total elongations (TE) of these rods were 26% and 28%, respectively. The fatigue strengths (σFS) at 107 cycles of the 90°- and 0°-direction-built CP Ti G 2 rods after laser sintering 10 times were ~320 and ~365 MPa, respectively. The ratio σFS/σUTS was in the range of 0.5–0.7. The changes in the chemical composition and mechanical properties after laser sintering 10 times were negligible. The fatigue strength of the laser-sintered Ti-6Al-4V alloy was ~600 MPa, which was close to that of wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy. These findings indicate that the laser-sintered CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy can also be applied in dental prostheses similarly to laser-sintered Co–Cr–Mo alloy. In particular, it was clarified that laser sintering using CP Ti G 4 powder is useful for dental prostheses.

Field of study: Materials science