nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An ultrasonic shear wave attenuation study on Na+, K+, β″-alumina

An ultrasonic shear wave attenuation study has been carried out to investigate ionic motion in Na+- and K+-β″ -aluminas as a function of temperature. The attenuation peaks caused by sound absorption of hopping mobile ions are superimposed on background losses. The peaks indicate low activation energies (0.15−0.23 eV) for the ion-hopping process giving rise to GHz hopping rates at room temperature. The results suggest relaxation processes for the conducting ions in the β″-phase. In the case of mixed Na+/K+-β″ -alumina, the relaxation peak appears at a higher temperature than for the pure K+ sample, which suggests combined motion due to association of the two ions. This observation is discussed vis-a-vis the mixed alkali effect in Na-K-β″ -aluminas.

Field of study: Materials science
A Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis of Financial Core Competitiveness of Listed Companies

Financial management is an important component of companies’ economic activities. Companies’ core competitiveness is based on the financial core competitiveness in a sense. To measure a company’s financial core competitiveness is meaningful for understanding the company’s financial management performance and building the company’s core competitiveness. This essay constitutes a set of indexes system for evaluating listed companies’ financial core competitiveness. According to data from 15 steel companies listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange, this essay analyzes and evaluates listed companies’ financial core competitiveness, and finally advances several suggestions for cultivating and improving listed companies’ financial core competitiveness.

Field of study: Business
Late Proterozoic (ca. 930 Ma) extension in eastern Laurentia

The northwest-dipping Carthage-Colton shear zone, located near the eastern margin of the Grenville province in northern New York, separates the Adirondack Lowlands of the Metasedimentary Belt from the Adirondack Highlands of the Granulite Terrane. Published U/Pb sphene ages are 1156‐1103 Ma in the Lowlands and 1050‐ 982 Ma in the Highlands, indicating an ;100 m.y. offset in metamorphic ages across the boundary. Our reported hornblende 40 Ar39 Ar ages are ;1060 Ma in the Lowlands and ;950 Ma in the Highlands. This confirms the offsets in sphene ages across the Carthage-Colton shear zone and indicates an average cooling rate in both the Lowlands and the Highlands of 18‐28/ m.y. over ;100 m.y. Biotite 40

Field of study: Geology
Cloud-Enabled IoT-based embedded system and software for intelligent indoor lighting, ventilation, early stage fire detection and prevention

This software development is focused on the design of an intelligent lighting and ventilation system capable of sensing human presence to control the lighting and monitoring humidity, temperature, CO2, and smoke to ensure efficient ventilation and accidents caused by fire and smoke. This article develops an embedded system with ready-to-deploy software for intelligent lighting and ventilation with HTTP protocol based real-time monitoring through smartphones or PCs. Moreover, the designed system can log real-time sensor data into a cloud server through which the client can also monitor real-time data from anywhere in the world.

Field of study: Computer science
Biodegradation of metal-[S,S]-EDDS complexes.

The [S,S]-stereoisomer of ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), a biodegradable strong metal chelant, has substituted traditional chelants in a number of consumer products. However biodegradability of metal-EDDS complexes has remained largely undocumented. In the present study, activated sludge fed with EDDS as sole C and N source, was shown to readily biodegrade 1 mM pulses of Ca-, Cr(III)-, Fe(III)-, Pb-, Al-, Cd-, Mg-, Na-, or ZnEDDS (the latter only after extensive lag phase). On the other hand, the Cu-, Ni-, Co-, and Hg-complexes remained essentially undegraded. Only in the case of HgEDDS was lack of biodegradation due to metal toxicity. Speciation analysis revealed free HEDDS3- concentration was higher than 10(-5.4) M for all readily biodegradable metal-EDDS complexes and smaller than 10(-9.0) M for all recalcitrant complexes at pseudo-steady-state (i.e. after initial rise of aquo metal concentration at onset of biodegradation). The rate of metal-EDDS degradation may be modeled with a Monod expression with HEDDS3- as substrate (half-saturation constant ca. 10(-6) M). This model explains the drastic effect of additional metal ligands, e.g. phosphate or iron, on biodegradation rate of several recalcitrant metal-EDDS complexes. Continuously fed aerated biofilters removed 10 mM Pb- or ZnEDDS at a rate of ca. 0.4 mM h-1.

Field of study: Environmental science
155 : IRF8 and IRF1: Genomic regulators of innate immunity

IRF8 transcription factor is essential for proper macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, activation and function. We recently identified IRF8 mutations that are associated with a novel primary myeloid immunodeficiency, coupled with mycobacterial infections susceptibility (MSMD). Interestingly, mice bearing Irf8R294C loss-of-function alleles exhibit a similar phenotype; i.e. development of a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like syndrome characterized by a severe loss of dendritic cells and expansion of immature myeloid precursors, concomitant with susceptibility to intracellular infections. Recent GWAS and eQTL mapping studies associated IRF8 locus with various inflammatory diseases. Our objective is to define transcriptional networks controlled by these important inflammatory checkpoints (IRF8 and its binding partners IRF1 and PU.1), in order to identify novel genes implicated in MSMD and in susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. To identify these networks, we used a combination high-throughput sequencing techniques. Primary macrophages, prior and after IFNγ activation, were subjected to (1) RNA-seq to identify IFNγ-regulated genes and (2) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) to localize IRF8, IRF1 and PU.1 genomic binding sites. The comparison of ChIP-seq results for these well-known binding partners confirmed their co-recruitment to regulatory elements. Interestingly however, they are not obligate partners as we uncovered many different binding schemes. Furthermore, IFNγ triggers de novo IRF1 DNA binding, but had limited influence on IRF8 and PU.1 that are already occupying their binding sites. The overlap of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that IFNγ-upregulated genes are strongly associated with IRF binding sites, as opposed to repressed genes. ChIP-qPCR and RNA-seq in IRF8R294C and IRF1−/− primary macrophages confirmed the interdependence of IRF8 and IRF1 co-recruitment and their respective importance for IFNγ-regulated genes subsets. Genes identified in these transcriptional pathways represent the “core myeloid transcriptome” and are likely to play critical roles in macrophage function and may represent valuable candidates for myeloid immunodeficiencies and susceptibility to mycobacterial infections.

Field of study: Medicine
Renaissance Drama and the Politics of Publication: Readings in the English Book Trade (review)

allowed the dispersed and itinerant activity of Quaker preachers to seem, and sometimes to be, unified and consistent. The final and longest section of the book addresses the ways in which the printed tracts oriented themselves toward national debate. Rather than entering into debate with their detractors, Quaker pamphleteers refused the form of the debate; instead they promoted a general critique of false ministries and provided lists of questions readers might use to provoke and challenge their ministers. Actual prosecutions of Quakers became the means of presenting critiques of ungodly magistrates and ideals of godly reformation. Tracts written against the Quakers — often accusing Quakers of blasphemy — had the effect of emphasizing both Quaker identity and their commitment to questioning and challenging established authority. Hence both Quaker discourse and discourse about Quakers attest to their importance in setting an example of universal political participation. A final case study on the crisis of James Naylor’s ministry and his parliamentary trial in 1656 once again shows how the Quaker print record of the affair carefully stages the consistency of Quaker positions, salvaging Naylor’s authority as a Quaker writer at the expense of the female preachers who defended his practices. The manuscript evidence reveals behind-the-scenes dissension, disapproval, and political lobbying quite different from the printed support for Naylor. The strategic use of print Peters chronicles is indeed remarkable, and there can be no doubt that the disciplined oversight exercised by the core leadership shaped Quaker discourse in nationally important ways. On the second argumentative front, Peters hangs fire and disappoints, concluding that the Quaker experience is “a unique and unrepresentative case-study of print culture” (254) and calling for more attention to “why and how people made use of the press” (255). Yet the evidence of her discussion offers a number of compelling entries into the ongoing discussion of print culture — the remediation of oral discourses into print, the interplay between manuscript and print circulation, and the use of print to create disciplinary habits and a quasi-institutional presence — whose articulation could have made her book into a more valuable contribution to the scholarship of print. ALEXANDRA HALASZ Dartmouth College

Field of study: History
The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XIX. Physical properties of low luminosity FIR sources at z < 0.5

The star formation rate is a crucial parameter for the investigation galaxy evolution. At low redshift the cosmic star formation rate density declines smoothly, and massive active galaxies become passive, reducing their star formation activity. This implies that the bulk of the star formation rate density at low redshift is mainly driven by low mass objects.  We investigate the properties of a sample of low luminosity far-infrared sources selected at 250 μm. We have collected data from ultraviolet to far-infrared in order to perform a multiwavelengths analysis. The main goal is to investigate the correlation between star formation rate, stellar mass, and dust mass for a galaxy population with a wide range in dust content and stellar mass, including the low mass regime that most probably dominates the star formation rate density at low redshift.  We define a main sample of ~800 sources with full spectral energy distribution coverage between 0.15 \ltλ\lt 500 μm and an extended sample with ~5000 sources in which we remove the constraints on the ultraviolet and near-infrared bands. We analyze both samples with two different spectral energy distribution fitting methods: MAGPHYS and CIGALE, which interpret a galaxy spectral energy distribution as a combination of different simple stellar population libraries and dust emission templates.  In the star formation rate versus stellar mass plane our samples occupy a region included between local spirals and higher redshift star forming galaxies. These galaxies represent the population that at z\lt 0.5 quenches their star formation activity and reduces their contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density. The subsample of galaxies with the higher masses (M_∗\gt 3 × 10^10 M_⊙) do not lie on the main sequence, but show a small offset as a consequence of the decreased star formation. Low mass galaxies (M_∗\lt 1 × 10^10 M_⊙) settle in the main sequence with star formation rate and stellar mass consistent with local spirals.  Deep Herschel data allow the identification of a mixed galaxy population with galaxies still in an assembly phase or galaxies at the beginning of their passive evolution. We find that the dust luminosity is the parameter that allow us to discriminate between these two galaxy populations. The median spectral energy distribution shows that even at low star formation rate our galaxy sample has a higher mid-infrared emission than previously predicted. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by a European-led principal investigator consortia and with an important participation from NASA.

Field of study: Physics
On the homomorphisms between Parabolic Verma modules over Kac-Moody Algebras.

We consider a more general parabolic category over symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. We introduce a Ringel dual between finite truncations of blocks of the parabolic category and a reductive rule of hom-spaces between parabolic Verma modules which yield some applications on the homomorphisms between parabolic Verma modules.

Field of study: Mathematics
Idiographically determined versus standard absorption periods in alcohol administration studies.

Effects of alcohol vary depending on blood alcohol level and limb. Some researchers use standard absorption periods (SAPs) to determine when postdrinking experimental protocols should begin. Others use an idiographically determined absorption period (IDAP) based on criterion breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). We investigated and compared the characteristics of each method.



Sixty-eight social drinkers (47% women) consumed a bolus dose of alcohol intended to raise BrAC to 0.08%. BrACs were recorded every 3 minutes until beginning to descend. Minutes to reach criterion BrAC (0.06%) and between-subjects postdrinking BrAC variability were analyzed.



Mean time to reach 0.06% BrAC was 22.9 +/- 14.6 minutes. Standard deviations in BrAC were 4 times greater using SAPs compared to IDAPs. Ten percent of participants' BrAC readings were on the descending limb 30 minutes postdrinking, and 25% were descending at 45 minutes postdrinking.



IDAPs result in less BrAC variability and may reduce experimental noise relative to SAPs. Experimental control in future alcohol administration studies may be enhanced by the use of IDAPs instead of SAPs.

Field of study: Medicine
Tertiary sea level symposium—Introduction

Eleven papers making up the Tertiary Sea Level Symposium (spring 1967) are presented herewith. Their combined effect is to produce a “first approximation”, Tertiary history of sea level involving a more-or-less steady drop, of 70–100 m, beginning about the middle of Miocene time. This history requires a careful reconsideration of identifications of high marine terraces as having been formed in the Quaternary Period. The concept of possible glacio-eustatic oscillations, in the Tertiary, is explored in one paper. Data from Antarctica and the surrounding ocean show that a major influence on Miocene and later sea levels was the advent of extensive glaciation.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Interpretation of Einstein's theory of gravitation including the cosmological term as a de Sitter-invariant field theory on the de Sitter space

In order to remove the singular nature of Einstein's theory of gravitation including theΛ term, within the domain of field theories, it is shown that this theory can be consistently interpreted as a field theory on the fixed de Sitter space, invariant with respect to the de Sitter groupO(4,1). The corresponding field equations as well as the equations of motion are derived, their structural properties are discussed, and they are integrated for a spherical mass source of the field.

Field of study: Physics
Angle of incidence of minimum reflectance of a dielectric-conductor interface for incident unpolarized or circularly polarized light.

The angle of incidence ϕ=ϕ<sub>u min</sub> of minimum reflectance for incident unpolarized or circularly polarized light at a dielectric-conductor interface is determined for any complex relative refractive index N=(n,k), and contours of constant ϕ<sub>u min</sub> in the nk plane are presented. The minimum reflectance R<sub>u min</sub> at ϕ<sub>u min</sub> is also plotted as a function of the polar angle 0≤θ=arg(N)≤90° along each constant ϕ<sub>u min</sub> contour. Also presented are families of R<sub>u</sub>-versus-ϕ curves for values of complex N at θ=30°, ϕ<sub>u min</sub>=45° to 85° in steps of 10°, and values of complex N at ϕ<sub>u min</sub>=75°, θ=0° to 90° in steps of 10°. Finally, a nonpolarimetric method for the determination of n and k of optical materials, which is based on measurements of ϕ<sub>u min</sub> and the normal-incidence reflectance R<sub>0</sub>, is proposed.

Field of study: Physics
The efficacy of work in the department for patients with acute disturbances of cerebral blood circulation

The literature data revealed different, sometimes contradictory, views on the influence of the treatment in neurovascular departments of patients with stroke on mortality, fatal, short- and long-term outcomes, quality of life of patients and their need in secondary care. In Orel city (a population is about 331,300) patients with acute disturbances of cerebral blood circulation are admitted to neurovascular departments of the Region clinic (60 beds plus 6) and to the Semashko envergency hospital (40 beds plus 6 beds in the intensive therapy ward), where neurologists are able to use all methods of critical intensive therapy. The work of the latter hospital proved to be effective with an decrease of fatal outcomes and patients' disablement.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
REACTION OF HEPTAFLUORO-1-METHYLETHYLZINC IODIDE WITH HALIDES AND ANHYDRIDES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

The reactions of heptafluoro-1-methylethylzinc iodide (1) with fluorides or anhydrides of carboxylic acids were smoothly induced in the presence of pyridine, and aryl or alkyl heptafluoro-1-methylethyl ketones were obtained in good yields. Although the reactivities of benzoyl halides in this reaction were in the order PhCOF> PhCOCl> PhCOBr, benzoyl chloride reacted with 1 smoothly in the presence of zinc fluoride, which converted benzoyl chloride to fluoride in situ.

Field of study: Chemistry
Memory facilitation by posttraining and pretest ACTH, epinephrine, and vasopressin administration: two separate effects.

: Rats were trained in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task using a 0.3-mA, 2-s, 60 Hz footshock and tested 24 hr later. The animals received, 1 min after training and/or 5 min before testing, an ip injection of saline, ACTH (0.2 microgram/kg), lysine-vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg), epinephrine (5 micrograms/kg), naloxone (0.4 mg/kg), or a combination of naloxone with one of the hormones. Both the posttraining and the pretest injection of the hormones enhanced retention test performance; the enhancement was larger in animals that received the two treatments. Posttraining, but not pretest, naloxone administration also caused an enhancement. However, posttraining naloxone potentiated, and pretest naloxone antagonized, the effect of the concomitantly injected hormones. These data show that the posttraining and the pretest effect of the hormones are independent, are due to different mechanisms, and can be additive. In addition, it does not seem possible to explain posttraining memory facilitation by the hormones as owing to an addition to the reinforcement.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Coupled Simulative Analysis for Drive Characteristic of Micro-Comb Structure

A model considering electrostatic-structural coupling is established for a micro-comb drive. The finite element method is applied to solve tiie electro static field distribution and the structural displacement. The coupled effect of electrostatic potential distribution and structure displacement was taken into account by an iterative solving process. The drive performances of the micro-comb are analyzed for the diverse of structures, including the ground plane effect and fabrication errors. The results show that levitation caused by the ground plane reduced the driving capacity. The fabrication sloping error of finger will also reduce the (hiving force. The fabrication offset error of finger will cause the horizontal instability.

Field of study: Engineering
Global Warming: Impacts on Society and Alternative Solutions Taken

This article discusses the revitalization of agriculture through the knowledge of the extension agents to the community about the socioeconomic of agriculture. The interesting thing is that the potential of each region to develop agribusiness is very different. Therefore, to develop extension services that support the development of agribusiness, it is necessary to examine carefully the potential of each region. So that the diversity of extension materials must be made possible by innovation. Agricultural extension is expected to be the central point of agricultural development. However, in agricultural extension it must be remembered that extension is a form of intervention against farmers. Progressive and effective agricultural extension workers must be supported and collaborate closely with the Agricultural Research Institute including socio-economic research on agricultural extension which simultaneously conducts monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension continuously. In disseminating information, the extension worker must carry out a reciprocal process, namely conveying information in the form of researchers' findings to farmers. Sustainable agricultural development really requires the support of strong agricultural technology and socio-economic research results. Without this, agricultural development will stagnate. Therefore, people's participation in planting knowledge needs to be increased.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Is there a size difference between red and blue globular clusters

Blue (metal-poor) globular clusters are observed to have half-light radii that are ∼20 per cent larger than their red (metal-rich) counterparts. The origin of this enhancement is not clear and differences in either the luminosity function or in the actual size of the clusters have been proposed. I analyse a set of dynamically self-consistent Monte Carlo globular cluster simulations to determine the origin of this enhancement. I find that my simulated blue clusters have larger half-light radii due to differences in the luminosity functions of metal-poor and metal-rich stars. I find that the blue clusters can also be physically larger, but only if they have a substantial number of black holes dynamically heating their central regions. For some combinations of metallicity and initial conditions the difference in luminosity function is sufficient to explain the observed effect while for other combinations the size enhancement due to black holes is necessary to match the observations. I conclude that the observed difference in half-light radii between red and blue globular clusters is due to a combination of differences in size and luminosity function. I find an additional corollary: the half-light radius is not a straightforward proxy for cluster size.

Field of study: Physics
The Schrödinger with variable mass model: mathematical analysis and semi-classical limit

In this paper, we propose and analyze a one-dimensional stationary quantum-transport model: the Schrodinger with variable mass. In the first part, we prove the existence of a solution for this model, with a self-consistent potential determined by the Poisson problem, whereas, in the second part, we rigorously study its semi-classical limit which gives us the kinetic model limit. The rigorous limit was based on the analysis of the support of the Wigner transform.

Field of study: Mathematics