nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Incompatibilities of Cement and Superplasticizers and Their Influence on the Rheological Behavior

The rheological behavior of cement paste and the improvement of its flowability takes center stage in many research projects. An improved flowability can be achieved by the addition of superplasticizers (SP), such as polycarboxylate ethers (PCE). In order to be able to use these PCEs effectively and in a variety of ways and to make them resistant to changes in the environment, it is crucial to understand the influence of SPs on cement hydration. For that reason, the topic of this paper was the incompatibility of a specific SP and an ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The incompatible behavior was analyzed using rheological tests, such as the spread flow test and penetration test, and the behavior was compared by means of an ultrasound technique and explained by the phase content measured by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) the heat evolution measured by calorimetry, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. We showed that the addition of the SP in a high dosage led to a prevention of the passivation of the most reactive and aluminum-containing clinker phases, aluminate and brownmillerite. This induced the aluminate reaction to take place in the initial period and led to an immediate stiffening of the cement paste and, therefore, to the complete loss of workability. The results showed that in addition to the ettringite, which began to form directly after water addition, hemicarbonate precipitated. The fast stiffening of the paste could be prevented by delayed addition of the SP or by additional gypsum. This fast stiffening was not desirable for SPs, but in other fields, for example, 3D printing, this undesirable interaction could be used to improve the properties of printable mortar.

Field of study: Materials science
Deterministic Identity-Based Encryption from Lattice-Based Programmable Hash Functions with High Min-Entropy

There only exists one deterministic identity-based encryption (DIBE) scheme which is adaptively secure in the auxiliary-input setting, under the learning with errors (LWE) assumption. However, the master public key consists of basic matrices. In this paper, we consider to construct adaptively secure DIBE schemes with more compact public parameters from the LWE problem. (i) On the one hand, we gave a generic DIBE construction from lattice-based programmable hash functions with high min-entropy. (ii) On the other hand, when instantiating our generic DIBE construction with four LPHFs with high min-entropy, we can get four adaptively secure DIBE schemes with more compact public parameters. In one of our DIBE schemes, the master public key only consists of basic matrices.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
An in vitro assessment of cellular and humoral immune function in pulmonary tuberculosis: correction of defective neutrophil motility by ascorbate, levamisole, metoprolol and propranolol.

Fifty-six tuberculosis patients and twenty-eight control subjects were evaluated in a comprehensive investigation of cellular and humoral immune function in pulmonary TB. The patient group showed significantly higher levels of secretory IgA and serum IgG, IgA and IgM than did the control group but 7% of patients displayed a selective secretory IgA deficiency. Levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin were also significantly higher in the patient group. There were no significant differences in levels of total haemolytic complement, C'3 and C'4. In moderate to moderately advanced TB patients there were no significant differences in T and B cell numbers nor in mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation and lymphokine production, when compared with the control group. The range of PPD-induced lymphocyte transformation and lymphokine production levels encountered was similar in both groups although certain patients did not respond to the PPD antigen. Neutrophils from TB patients showed increased random motility in vitro but eight out of ten patients showed impaired directed motility (chemotaxis). Phagocytic and anti-microbial functions were normal in the patient group. The neutrophil chemotactic defect was reversible and could be corrected in vitro when the patients' cells were treated with sodium and calcium ascorbate, levamisole, metoprolol and propranolol.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on DNAzyme and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride Derivative Functionalized Hollow Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Lead Ions

Based on target cycling amplification and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized singal probe,an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence( ECL) sensor was designed for the detection of lead ions. The hairpin substrate DNA was immobilized on the electrode through molecular selfassembly. In the presence of Pb2+and DNAzyme,the substrate was cleaved with single strand DNA fragments left on the electrode surface. Meanwhile,the target and DNAzyme was released for another cleaving circularly.As a result,the single strand DNA fragments hybridized with the assist hairpin probe H1,which leaded to the fabrication of H2 labeled with the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized hollow gold nanoparticles. With the increasing concentration of Pb2+,much more signal probe was been captured and the ECL signal of the biosensor in peroxydisulfate( S2O2!8) solution would increase. An ECL assay demonstrates that the sensor has a good linear response to Pb2+concentration in the range of1×10!12mol / L-1×10!6mol / L,with a detection limit of 1 × 10!12mol / L. The fabricated sensor shows good selectivity toward Pb2+against other common metal ions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Resonant Josephson current through a long SIS junction

We have considered the resonant Josephson tunneling in SIS junctions with a localized state in the interlayer for an arbitrary relation between the width of the resonant level and the superconducting gap and for arbitrary barrier thickness. The analysis was carried out in the framework of the Bogolubov-de Gennes equations. For the case of short junctions and high barriers our results coincide with the results of Beenakker and van Houten theory. The obtained results can be applied for explanations of the properties of HTS Josephson junctions.

Field of study: Physics
The long-term effects of UV exclusion on the microbial composition and photosynthetic competence of bacteria in hot-spring microbial mats.

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the long-term exclusion of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) from hot-spring microbial mats resulted in an alteration of microbial composition, such as a shift to more UV-sensitive species. Over a 1-3-month period, microbial mats in two alkaline geothermal streams in Yellowstone National Park were covered with filters that excluded or transmitted UVR. Over some, 25% transmission neutral density screens were also used. In the 40-47 degrees C range, there were no apparent changes in community composition during the summer with or without high or low UVR, as assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles after polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S-rRNA genes with general Bacteria and Cyanobacteria primers. Major bands were purified from the DGGE gels and sequenced. Only one of the cyanobacterial sequences matched known strains in the database; the others appear to be unique. Although the bacterial composition of these communities was apparently stable, surface layers of cyanobacteria protected from UVR were not as competent photosynthetically as those that had been maintained under UVR. This decrease in competence was expressed as a loss of the ability to perform at a maximum rate under full UVR plus visible irradiance. However, even +UV-maintained cyanobacteria performed better when UVR was excluded during the photosynthesis tests. It is probable that the large differences in photosynthetic competence observed reflect changes at the level of gene expression in the dominant species rather than changes in species composition.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Upper and lower bounds for Eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a spherical CAP

In the following, we derive upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a domain that is a spherical cap whose angular width 2&0 is less than 7i. While previous work of this nature seems to focus on the principle eigenvalue, our results apply to any eigenvalue when 0 < $0 < nil. In addition, some of our results also apply to spherical caps for which 0 < $0 < n . When our estimates for the principle eigenvalue are compared to the results of [4, 8], we find that our upper and lower bounds are sharper.

Field of study: Mathematics
Increased salt retention and hypertension from non-steroidal agents in the elderly.

We studied blood pressure and natriuretic responses to acute salt loading, and the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on these responses, in five healthy normotensive women aged 65 to 71 years. Five women aged 25 to 31 years acted as controls. Intravenous saline loading, with and without prior ingestion of ibuprofen, was 15 ml/kg/h for 3 h. Baseline blood pressures were higher in the elderly. Saline infusion without ibuprofen raised systolic blood pressure (SBP) by about 25 mmHg in the older group only. Ibuprofen increased baseline SBP in the elderly (129 +/- 6 vs. 116 +/- 5 mmHg, p < 0.05). Saline loading after ibuprofen again raised blood pressure by about 25 mmHg in the elderly only. The elderly group showed markedly increased sodium excretion during saline loading, but this was reduced by ibuprofen. Ibuprofen had no effect on SBP or sodium excretion in controls. Ageing appears to increase susceptibility to salt retention and hypertension from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Field of study: Medicine
Asymmetric first price auctions

A new approach to asymmetric first price auctions is proposed which circumvents the need to examine bidding strategies directly. Specifically, the ratio of bidders' (endogenous) payoffs is analyzed and compared to the ratio of the (exogenous) distribution functions that describe beliefs. Most of the results are inferred from this comparison. In the existing theoretical literature, assumptions of first order stochastic dominance or stronger imply that the latter ratio has very specific properties, but no such assumptions are imposed here. It is proven that first order stochastic dominance is necessary for bidding strategies not to cross. When this assumption is relaxed in the numerical literature it is done in a manner that leads to exactly one crossing. However, it is straightforward to construct examples with several crossings. Finally, bid distributions will cross in auctions with two bidders whenever second order (but not first order) stochastic dominance applies.

Field of study: Economics
Reduction of vitamin D hormone receptor mRNA levels in Alzheimer as compared to Huntington hippocampus: correlation with calbindin-28k mRNA levels.

Receptors for vitamin D hormone (VDR) and the calcium binding protein, calbindin-28k, have been localized in many tissues, including brain. In brain, VDR and calbindin-28k were reported to colocalize in hippocampal CA1 cells. We have shown that mRNA pool size for calbindin-28k was reduced, on average, by 35% in Alzheimer hippocampal CA1 cells, as compared to Huntington control (manuscript in preparation). In the present study, in situ hybridization with tritiated antisense RNA probes was used to examine VDR expression in paired Alzheimer and Huntington brain tissue. Message levels for VDR were reduced, on average, by 34% and 31%, respectively, in Alzheimer hippocampal CA1 and CA2 pyramidal cells, as compared to Huntington control. However, VDR message levels were not significantly different from control in Alzheimer temporal cortex or cerebellum. There was no correlation between VDR message levels and brain weight, autopsy interval, patient age or the extent of neurofibrillary degeneration. Instead, VDR mRNA pool size in hippocampal CA1 cells correlated significantly with calbindin-28k message levels (r = 0.52, P less than 0.001). Decreased message levels for VDR and calbindin-28k in these cells were due to an increased percentage of cells expressing lower message levels for these proteins. These results show that in Alzheimer hippocampal CA1 cells, VDR mRNA pool size is downregulated and that this downregulation may play a role in the reduction of calbindin-28k expression.

Field of study: Biology
Recent developments in valence theory

In the early 1930s valence theory was confused by a conflict between molecular-orbital and valence-bond approximations. But during the l940s a reconciliation between the two methods was found; and from that time until now much the greater effort has been put into MO calculations. These calculations have been tremendously enriched in the 1960s by the widespread use of electronic computers, and package programmes. A study of the charge distribution calculated for covalent bonds shows that the early picture of a bond as being associated with a build-up of charge between the nuclei is still valid. However, if bonding electrons are drawn into this region, other electrons tend to get forced out of it; recent studies show the importance of these two effects. The early representation of these charge-clouds in terms of hybridization was particularly fruitful in the l940s, but is now recognized as too restrictive. The development of the experimental techniques of photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray spectroscopy now enables a direct verification to be made of the early ideas of individual molecular orbitals. In this way Mulliken's original theoretical descriptions have been triumphantly justified. Another aspect of valence theory that has developed in recent years is that of the relation between a and it electrons. No longer may the it electrons be treated as if they were independent of the a electrons, but a close relationship exists between them. The account concludes with a description of those situations where the number of valence electrons is either too few (electron-deficient molecules) or too large (electron-rich molecules) to provide the normal complement of two electrons per bond. In each case the simple concept of a bond needs to be modified. Attention is drawn to the remarkable way in which theoretical concepts have recently received experimental verification.  Valence theory is much older than the fifty years referred to in the title of this Symposium. We should at the very least go back to t86 when Odling, Crum Brown and others started using the horizontal line—-which has been the symbol for a chemical bond ever since; and we should think of Kekule only a few years later trying to use the symbol to indicate some sort of geometrical relationship between the various atoms of a polyatomic molecule: or Butlerov, with his early feeling for chemical structure. Moreover, for these last hundred years, as Mulliken and Van Vleck have shown in their

Field of study: Chemistry
Converting Series Biquad Filters Into Delayed Parallel Form: Application to Graphic Equalizers

Digital filter transfer functions can be converted between the direct form and parallel connections of elementary sections, typically second-order (“biquad”) sections. The conversion from direct to parallel form is performed using a partial fraction expansion, which usually requires long division of polynomials when expanding proper and improper transfer functions. This paper focuses on the conversion of a series of biquad sections to the parallel form, and proposes a novel way to implement the partial-fraction expansion without the use of long division. Additionally, the resulting structure is the delayed parallel form in which the section gains remain small. The new design and previous methods are compared in a case study on graphic equalizer design. The delayed parallel filter is shown to use the same number of operations as the series form during filtering. The conversion of a recently proposed series graphic equalizer into the delayed parallel form leads to an improved parallel graphic equalizer design relative to all known prior approaches. The proposed conversion technique is widely applicable to the design of parallel infinite impulse response filters, which are becoming popular as they are well suited to implementation using parallel computers.

Field of study: Engineering
Log-normal Star Formation Histories in Simulated and Observed Galaxies

Gladders et al. have recently suggested that the star formation histories (SFHs) of individual galaxies are characterized by a log-normal function in time, implying a slow decline rather than rapid quenching. We test their conjecture on theoretical SFHs from the cosmological simulation Illustris and on observationally inferred SFHs. While the log-normal form necessarily ignores short-lived features such as starbursts, it fits the overall shape of the majority of SFHs very well. In particular, 85% of the cumulative SFHs are fitted to within a maximum error of 5% of the total stellar mass formed, and 99% to within 10%. The log-normal performs systematically better than the commonly used delayed-τ model, and is superseded only by functions with more than three free parameters. Poor fits are mostly found in galaxies that were rapidly quenched after becoming satellites. We explore the log-normal parameter space of normalization, peak time, and full width at half maximum, and find that the simulated and observed samples occupy similar regions, though Illustris predicts wider, later-forming SFHs on average. The ensemble of log-normal fits correctly reproduces complex metrics such as the evolution of Illustris galaxies across the star formation main sequence, but overpredicts their quenching timescales. SFHs in Illustris are a diverse population not determined by any one physical property of galaxies, but follow a tight relation, where width ∝ (peak time)^(3/2). We show that such a relation can be explained qualitatively (though not quantitatively) by a close connection between the growth of dark matter halos and their galaxies.

Field of study: Physics
Suitability of a magnetic particle immunoassay for the analysis of PBDEs in Hawaiian euryhaline fish and crabs in comparison with gas chromatography/electron capture detection-ion trap mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatograph/electron capture detector-ion trap mass spectrometer (GC/ECD-ITMS) was used for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in euryhaline fish and crabs. GC/ECD-ITMS results showed that average recoveries from the spiked fish samples are in a range of 58-123% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 5-19%. PBDE concentrations obtained from GC/ECD-ITMS ranged from 28 ng/g to 1845 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in all aquatic species collected from Hawaiian brackish waters. The general BDE congener concentration profile observed in this study is BDE-47>BDE-100>BDE-154>BDE-99>BDE-153>BDE-28>BDE-183. The ELISA results expressed as BDE-47 equivalents correlated well with those of GC/ECD-ITMS, with a correlation coefficient (R(2)=0.68) and regression coefficient (slope=0.82). Comparison of ELISA with GC/ECD-ITMS results demonstrated that ELISA provides a timely and cost-effective method to screen PBDEs in fish and crab samples.

Field of study: Environmental science
Magnetostratigraphy susceptibility of the Frasnian/Famennian boundary

Magnetosusceptibility event and cyclostratigraphy (MSEC) is used to establish a non-polarity-based magnetostratigraphy susceptibility (MSS) between the stratotype region for the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) boundary sequence in the Montagne Noire of southern France, the eastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge of Germany, Belgium, the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco, and the Arbuckle Mountains of southern Oklahoma (USA). Despite differences of depositional environment, the MSS is remarkably consistent and can be described in the context of a hierarchy of magnetozones that allow the extension of correlation away from the Montagne Noire reference section. The nature of the controls on the influx of iron into the marine system produces a natural hierarchy of at least seven orders or magnetozones designated MSZ1, MSZ2, MSZ3, MSZ4, MSZ5, MSZ6, and MSZ7. These are characterized in terms of the magnitude of their duration. The MSS reference section of choice for the F/F boundary is the well-known Trench C at La Serre (LSC) in the northeastern Montagne Noire of southern France. The F/F boundary is located at the lower boundary of magnetozone La Serre Iα3b at La Serre as well as in all other sections studied. MSZ4 and MSZ5 magnetozones are used to establish intra- and inter-regional correlation between the reference sequence and the other regions. The base of the Upper Kellwasser event is as variable within the MSS zonation as it is within the biostratigraphic zonation, as is the position of the Lower Kellwasser event.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example

Chabaixi,one kind of ancient tea art in Wuyi that started in the Tang Dynasty and prospered in the Song Dynasty,has a long history of over one thousand years.It has valuable historical,cultural,artistic,aesthetic,economic and social values.However,the inheritance and development of this tea art now encounters a bottleneck due to its small scale,lack of money and inheritors,and inappropriate marketing.This article,therefore,suggests increasing policy support to the intangible cultural heritage,strengthening the building of the team of heritage bearers,and developing a series of famous brands,which will promote the realization of the values of handicrafts in agricultural heritages,and expand the space of inheritance and development for the intangible cultural heritage.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A Self-adaptive hierarchical monitoring mechanism for Clouds

While Cloud computing offers the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of software services through the commoditization of IT assets and on-demand usage patterns, one has to consider that Future Internet applications raise the need for environments that can facilitate real-time and interactivity and thus pose specific requirements to the underlying infrastructure. The latter, should be able to efficiently adapt resource provisioning to the dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) demands of such applications. To this direction, in this paper we present a monitoring system that facilitates on-the-fly self-configuration in terms of both the monitoring time intervals and the monitoring parameters. The proposed approach forms a multi-layered monitoring framework for measuring QoS at both application and infrastructure levels targeting trigger events for runtime adaptability of resource provisioning estimation and decision making. Besides, we demonstrate the operation of the implemented mechanism and evaluate its effectiveness using a real-world application scenario, namely Film Post Production.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering