nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the Blow Up of the Maximal Solution to the Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic System in Lei-Lin-Gevrey Spaces

In this paper, we investigate existence, uniqueness and blowup in finite time of the local solution to the three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic system, in Gevrey-Lei-Lin spaces. To prove the blowup results and give the blow profile as a function of time, two key points are used. The first is a frequency decomposition of the spectrum of the initial data. This allows to use Leray theory. The second is a technical lemma we proved to state that the Lei-Lin space is an interpolation space between the Gevrey-Lei-Lin and the Lebesgue square integrable functions spaces. To prove uniqueness, we use a penalization procedure and energy methods. About existence, we split the initial condition into low frequencies part and high frequencies part. The former are considered as initial data to the linear part of the system. The latter will be taken as small as needed, so that smallness theory applies and allows to run a fixed point argument.

Field of study: Mathematics
Bayesian Quantile and Expectile Optimisation

Bayesian optimisation is widely used to optimise stochastic black box functions. While most strategies are focused on optimising conditional expectations, a large variety of applications require risk-averse decisions and alternative criteria accounting for the distribution tails need to be considered. In this paper, we propose new variational models for Bayesian quantile and expectile regression that are well-suited for heteroscedastic settings. Our models consist of two latent Gaussian processes accounting respectively for the conditional quantile (or expectile) and variance that are chained through asymmetric likelihood functions. Furthermore, we propose two Bayesian optimisation strategies, either derived from a GP-UCB or Thompson sampling, that are tailored to such models and that can accommodate large batches of points. As illustrated in the experimental section, the proposed approach clearly outperforms the state of the art.

Field of study: Computer science
Analysis of bacterial and protozoan communities in an aquifer contaminated with monoaromatic hydrocarbons

Bacterial and protozoan communities were examined in three cores (A, B and C) from an aquifer located at an abandoned refinery near Hunxe, Germany. Cores were removed along a transect bordering a plume containing various monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons could not be detected in the unsaturated zone in any core but were present in the saturated zones of core C (between 280 and 42 600 μmol kg−1 of core material [dry wt.]) and cores A and B (between 30 and 190 μmol kg−1 of core material [dry wt.]). Xylene isomers accounted for 50–70% of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in all cores. The number of DAPI-stained bacteria was found to increase from the low-contaminated cores A and B (approx. 0.1×108 cells and 0.2×108 cells g−1 of core material [dry wt.], respectively) to the high-contaminated core C (2.4×108 cells g−1 of core material [dry wt.]). The higher bacterial numbers in core C were found to coincide with a higher detection rate obtained by in situ hybridization using probe Eub338 to target the domain Bacteria (13–42% for core C as compared to 3–25% for cores A and B, respectively). Proteobacteria of the δ-subdivision (which includes many sulfate-reducing bacteria) were the most predominant of the groups investigated (7–15% of DAPI-stained bacteria) and were followed by Proteobacteria of the γ- and β-subdivisions (4% and 1% of DAPI-stained bacteria, respectively). The total numbers of protozoa and bacteria determined by direct counting occurred in a ratio of approx. 1:103, which was independent of depth or core examined. Most probable number analysis combined with a subsequent classification of the culturable protozoa revealed nanoflagellates as the major component of the protozoan community. Naked amoebae became increasingly more encysted with depth, except in the high-contaminated core C where vegetative trophozoites were present in the saturated zone. The co-occurrence of bacteria and protozoa in association with high concentrations of monoaromatic hydrocarbons suggests the involvement of trophic interactions in the process of biodegradation.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Nitrosative stress sensing in Porphyromonas gingivalis: structure of and heme binding by the transcriptional regulator HcpR.

Although the HcpR regulator plays a vital step in initiation of the nitrosative stress response in many Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, the molecular mechanisms that it uses to mediate gas sensing are not well understood. Here, a 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal sensing domain of the anaerobic periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis HcpR is presented. The protein has classical features of the regulators belonging to the FNR-CRP family and contains a hydrophobic pocket in its N-terminal sensing domain. It is shown that heme bound to HcpR exhibits heme iron as a hexacoordinate system in the absence of nitric oxide (NO) and that upon nitrosylation it transitions to a pentacoordinate system. Finally, small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on full-length HcpR reveal that the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of HcpR has a high degree of interdomain flexibility.

Field of study: Chemistry
Upwind Scheme for Acoustic Disturbances Generated by Low-Speed Flows

Computation of acoustic disturbances generated by unsteady, low-speed flows, such as flows including vortices and shear layers, can be obtained by a recently proposed two-step method. This method requires a hydrodynamic field solution and obtains the acoustic field from the perturbed, inviscid, compressible flow equations. A numerical method for the solution of the equations governing the acoustic field is presented. The primitive variable form of the governing equations is used for the numerical solution. Time integration is performed with a fourth-order, Runge-Kutta method. Discretization of the primitive variables space derivatives is obtained with a high-order, upwind-biased numerical scheme. Upwinding of these convective fluxes is performed according to the eigenvalue sign of the coefficient matrices. Nonreflecting boundary conditions are applied to properly convect outgoing waves away from the computational domain. Solutions are obtained for the acoustic field generated by a pair of corotating point vortices. Computed results are compared with the existing analytic solution for the sound field.

Field of study: Physics
Research on Configurability of Software Definition Intelligent Controller

PLC control system and related control technology have developed relatively mature after years of industry development. Different needs need to develop PCL products of different systems. Specific PLC products need to develop different software to control. The development of customized PLC hardware and software greatly improves the difficulty and cost of development. This paper presents a flexible configuration method of software definition, which enables PLC system to make flexible software definition according to application requirements in order to adapt to different types of hardware environment, such as the number and types of ports between different types. It will effectively reduce the difficulty of system development, reduce the long development cycle, and enhance software stability and consistency.

Field of study: Engineering
Contribution au problème de la corrosion et du vieillissement des plastiques

Vieillissem.ent naturel Comme pour la plupart des materiaux, les proprietes des plastiques evoluent assez souvent d'une manieredefavorable et irreversible en fonction du temps. Ce vieillissement naturel se manifeste parfois par un changement de couleur, d'ailleurs quelquefois imputable aux colorants clont ils sont .les supports, par une fragilisation pouvant aller jusqu'a Ia fissuration de differents objets et meme leur reduction en poussiere, dans le cas des isolants des machines electriques. On peut signaler aussi l'instabilite latente de certains PCV qui stockes dans l'obscurite se colorent et degagent des odeurs desagreables. Ce phenomene, apres une periode d'induction lente, s'accelererait par l'apparition de peroxydes.

Field of study: Chemistry
OPTOELECTRONICS, FIBER OPTICS, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS: Time analyzing image converter with a microchannel plate at the input

An image converter with interchangeable photocathodes was used in tests on a microchannel plate employed as a photoemitter. The image converter was operated in the linear slit-scanning regime. This image converter was found to be a promising tool for laser plasma diagnostics.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Solid polymer electrolytes with poly(vinyl alcohol) and piperidinium based ionic liquid for Li-ion batteries

We report the preparation of a polymer electrolyte using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the polymer network, piperidinium cation based ionic liquid (IL) as a plasticizer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium source. Various concentrations of the LiTFSI salt were added to the IL to prepare lithium-IL solutions. Polymer membranes were prepared by adding these lithium IL solutions to PVA by solvent casting technique. The melting temperature (Tm) of PVA membrane decreases with the addition of IL confirming that the IL acts as a plasticizer leading to an increase in ionic conductivity. Tan delta (from dynamic mechanical analysis) of the polymer-IL samples show broader α relaxation peaks than pure PVA confirming the increase in segmental motion of the polymer chain. The maximum room temperature conductivity was observed for the membrane with 0.6 m PMPTFSI-LiTFSI (1.2 mS cm−1) and could be correlated to the low viscosity, large number of mobile lithium ions and mobility of lithium ions. Cyclic voltammetry of the polymer electrolytes confirms the reversible redox process (lithium stripping and deposition) and linear sweep voltammetry shows that these electrolytes are stable up to 4.7 V. Galvanostatic charge-discharge studies of the polymer electrolytes in coin cell with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode delivered a capacity of about 180 mAh g−1 at 60 °C. The cell has an excellent capacity retention property which is observed in retaining the capacity value (170 mAh g−1) equivalent to 99% columbic efficiency after 50 cycles.

Field of study: Materials science
Experimentation and Competition

This paper examines the effect of competition on firms' efforts to experiment and learn about market demand. Consumers are assumed to know prices only at sellers they have actually visited, but must bear search costs to find the prices of other sellers. Under these conditions we show that firms' incentives to experiment are diluted by comparison with the monopoly case and that this effect is stronger the smaller the search cost. The learning environment we portray gives rise to several time paths which have been empirically documented, including penetration pricing, cream-skimming, and cyclical pricing. Journal of Economic Literature

Field of study: Economics
Towards Robust Classification with Deep Generative Forests

Decision Trees and Random Forests are among the most widely used machine learning models, and often achieve state-of-the-art performance in tabular, domain-agnostic datasets. Nonetheless, being primarily discriminative models they lack principled methods to manipulate the uncertainty of predictions. In this paper, we exploit Generative Forests (GeFs), a recent class of deep probabilistic models that addresses these issues by extending Random Forests to generative models representing the full joint distribution over the feature space. We demonstrate that GeFs are uncertainty-aware classifiers, capable of measuring the robustness of each prediction as well as detecting out-of-distribution samples.

Field of study: Computer science
Bismuth activated alumosilicate optical fibers fabricated by surface-plasma chemical vapor deposition technology.

Plasma chemical technology is experimentally applied to the fabrication of a Bi-activated alumosilicate-core pure-silica-cladding fiber preform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this technology has been applied in this way. We measure gain efficiency at pumping by a 1058 nm wavelength Yb fiber laser in a piece of a newly obtained fiber 20 m in length within 100-1200 nm wavelengths band. The gain efficiency reaches as high as 0.2 dB/mW. Bi-activated alumosilicate-core pure-silica-cladding fiber that is not more than 12 m in length serves a basis for a 1 W output power fiber laser emitting at the wavelength of 1160 nm with 8% slope efficiency. We also measure the photoluminescence spectrum and kinetics of Bi centers responsible for laser emission under the excitation of 193 nm wavelength ArF laser pulses.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Ectodomain Non-conservative Sequences of F1 Protein of Paramyxoviruses on the Specific Membrane Fusion

To understand the effects of ectodomain non-conservative sequences of F1 protein on the specific interaction with its homologous hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain mutants containing new enzymatic sites and the other four non-conservative segments (NDV F-1, hPIV F-1, NDV F-2 and hPIV F-2) were obtained by cutting mutant F genes with these new enzymes. Gene recombination was used to get chimeric F protein NDV-C1 and hPIV-C1 by exchanging NDV F-1 and hPIV F-1 each other, and NDV-C2 and hPIV-C2 were obtained by the same way. All the mutants and chimeric F proteins were co-expressed in eukaryocytes with their homologous HN DNA or heterogenous HN DNA. The fusion functions were assayed by Giemsa staining and reporter gene method, the expression of F protein was assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Results of experiment were that the mutants of paramyxoviruses fusion proteins had the same functions as their relevant wild types. Chimeric F proteins NDV-C1 and hPIV-C1 had 76.34% and 65.82% of fusion activities, and chimeric F proteins NDV-C2 and hPIV-C2 had 96.25% and 93.78% of fusion activities, respectively, as compared with their relevant wild types. The analysis of FACS indicated that all the mutants and chimeric F proteins had almost the same expression efficienciy as their relevant wild types. The results suggested that NDV F-1 and hPIV F-1 were important for their specific membrane fusion, but NDV F-2 and hPIV F-2 were not.

Field of study: Biology
Attempts to characterize the NBD heterodimer of MRP1: transient complex formation involves Gly771 of the ABC signature sequence but does not enhance the intrinsic ATPase activity.

MRP1 (multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1; also known as ABCC1) is a member of the human ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter superfamily that confers cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Considering the structural and functional similarities to the other ABC proteins, the interaction between its two NBDs (nucleotide-binding domains), NBD1 (N-terminal NBD) and NBD2 (C-terminal NBD), is proposed to be essential for the regulation of the ATP-binding/ATP-hydrolysis cycle of MRP1. We were interested in the ability of recombinant NBD1 and NBD2 to interact with each other and to influence ATPase activity. We purified NBD1 (Asn642-Ser871) and NBD2 (Ser1286-Val1531) as soluble monomers under native conditions. We measured extremely low intrinsic ATPase activity of NBD1 (10(-5) s(-1)) and NBD2 (6x10(-6) s(-1)) and no increase in the ATP-hydrolysis rate could be detected in an NBD1+NBD2 mixture, with concentrations up to 200 microM. Despite the fact that both monomers bind ATP, no stable NBD1.NBD2 heterodimer could be isolated by gel-filtration chromatography or native-PAGE, but we observed some significant modifications of the heteronuclear single-quantum correlation NMR spectrum of 15N-NBD1 in the presence of NBD2. This apparent NBD1.NBD2 interaction only occurred in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP. Partial sequential assignment of the NBD1 backbone resonances shows that residue Gly771 of the LSGGQ sequence is involved in NBD1.NBD2 complex formation. This is the first NMR observation of a direct interaction between the ABC signature and the opposite NBD. Our study also reveals that the NBD1.NBD2 heterodimer of MRP1 is a transient complex. This labile interaction is not sufficient to induce an ATPase co-operativity of the NBDs and suggests that other structures are required for the ATPase activation mechanism.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
WE‐C‐AUD B‐08: Biologically Based Corrections for Interfraction Variations During Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy

The linear‐quadratic (LQ) survival model is used to calculate the doses required to correct for interfraction deviations from the planned doses arising from patient setup errors, organ deformation and organ movement after multiple daily fractions. Corrected dose distributions derived from isosurvival (biological) and isodose (physical) methods are compared to planned dose distributions for a representative prostate cancer case.  Voxel‐by‐voxel interfraction deviations from a planned prostate cancertreatmentdelivered using image‐guidedintensity modulated radiation therapy (IG‐IMRT) with a linac and CT‐on‐Rails combination (CTVision, Siemens) are determined using the XiO treatment planning system by CMS and an in‐house image deformable registration tool based on the CT‐of‐the‐day for multiple days. Dose distributions needed on the nth treatment day to correct for the accumulated interfraction variations in previous fractions are determined using methods expected to produce the same surviving fraction in all regions of diseased and normal tissue as the planned treatment. After completing a series of 5 planned fractions of 1.76 Gy, dose corrections derived from the biological modeling ranged from a low of 1.391 Gy (reduced by 27%) to a high of 2.652 Gy (increased by 51%) in some regions of tissue.Dose corrections derived from isosurvival modeling always yields smaller corrected doses than isodose methods, although the differences in the two methods are nearly indistinguishable for planned doses ∼ 2 Gy per day. Doses required to correct for interfraction variations accumulated on multiple treatment days are smaller for isosurvival (biological) methods than for isodose (physical) methods. In the limit when the planned fraction size is small compared to α/β, interfraction corrections to dose distributions derived from the physical and biological methods are indistinguishable. For hypofractionated treatments,dose corrections derived from isosurvival modeling may be substantially smaller than the ones derived from isodose methods.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Industrial ingredient co-branding: a brand relationship approach

Existing research on industrial ingredient co-branding alliances has largely focused on the functional andtransactional value that ingredient brands provide to ingredient buyers and sellers. The current research draws on the brand relationship perspective to investigate how the relational assets of ingredient brands generate value for both ingredient buyers and for the ingredient supplier itself. For the former, such value manifests in ingredient co-branding value, and for the latter, the value lies in brand equity. The results are derived from a survey of 107 ingredient buyers from a multinational ingredient manufacturer aiming to initiate ingredient co-branding agreements in the energy component industry. The results of the structural equation model reveal that ingredient brand trust directly affects both ingredient brand loyalty and ingredient co-branding value, but indicate no significant effect between brand loyalty and ingredient co-branding value. Moreover, ingredient co-branding value proved to be a driver of ingredient supplier brand equity.

Field of study: Business
Packaging of nanostructured microelectromechanical systems microtriode devices

Combining the world of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with that of nano can lead to new devices with unique or advanced functionalities. Carbon nanotubes are fascinating new nanomaterials with many interesting physical, chemical, and electronic properties and potential new applications. We have incorporated nanotubes into the MEMS structure as patterned, cold-cathode field emitters to create on-chip, miniature vacuum tubes of microtriodes that can be useful for high-frequency microwave communications. Proper bonding and assembly processes were essential in providing reliable electrical connections and improved amplification performances.

Field of study: Materials science
Crystal Scintillators

The paper reviews the properties of conventional scintillator crystals. For alkali halides (CsI:Tl) a marked relationship exists between luminescence properties and crystal growth parameters (starting material, growing method, melting atmosphere, annealing). The properties of intrinsic scintillator crystals (Bi4Ge3O12, CdWO4, ZnWO4) are mainly influenced by the purity of the starting material.

Field of study: Physics
Integrated near surface geophysics across the active Mount Marzano Fault System (southern Italy): seismogenic hints

Here, we describe an original geophysical multi-method approach applied to the Mount Marzano Fault System. This is one of the most hazardous seismogenic faults of the Apennines (Irpinia, southern Italy), and it was responsible for the 1980, Mw 6.9, earthquake, along with many others before. We carried out electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) microtremor analysis along several common transects designed across the potential and/or certain fault traces. The data obtained from these non-invasive, inexpensive, expeditious methods mutually integrate with and complement each other, providing a valuable subsurface image of the near surface fault architecture. ERT depicts the general shallow image of the fault zone and of the fault-controlled sedimentary basin, with the depth of the buried bedrock cross-correlated through ambient-noise HVSR results. GPR delineates the very shallow geometry of the fault and of the associated deformation. Coupled with previous paleoseismological studies, these data allow the evaluation of some fault parameters and the precise locating of the fault trace, to aid future paleoseismological investigations aimed at seismic risk reduction programs.

Field of study: Environmental science
Privacy Preservation For High Dimensional Data Using Slicing Method in Data Mining

In recent days, privacy-preservation for high dimensional data and micro data publishing has seen rapid advances that causes ability to store and record personal data. The method of publishing the data in the web faces many challenges now a days. The data usually contains the individual personal data which are personally identifiable to any person, thus poses the difficulty of Privacy. The existing privacy preserving system has been developed using anonymization techniques of Generalization and Bucketization. Generalization loses the amount of data and at other side Bucketization fail to protect membership disclosure in addition to does not give the clear idea of separation between sensitive attribute as well as quasi-identifying attributes. To solve this problem we introduce novel technique which is useful to partitions data horizontally as well as vertically, which is called as Slicing. Our result shows that slicing useful to preserve better data utility as compare to the Generalization and also protect the membership disclosure. Our contribution on this project is preserves utility as a result of it teams extremely correlate attributes along, and preserves the correlations between such attributes and effective utilization of Hadoop Frame work to handle high dimensional data.

Field of study: Engineering