nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
SUBMARINE EXAMINATION OF THE VIRGIN ROCKS AREA, GRAND BANKS, NEWFOUNDLAND: PRELIMINARY NOTE

Submarine bedrock of the Virgin Rocks area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, lat. 46°25' N., long. 50°49' W., resembles some of the upper measures of the Conception Group, of Precambrian age, which crop out on the Avalon Peninsula, eastern Newfoundland.

The structure of the area is probably reflected by north-south ridges which show on the echo-sounder. On the sea floor, small local folds accompanied by shearing, appear to be superimposed upon easterly dipping strata.

Field of study: Geology
Evidence for rescattering in intense, femtosecond laser interactions with a negative ion.

It is now well established that energetic electron emission, nonsequential ionization, and high harmonic generation, produced during the interaction of intense, femtosecond laser pulses with atoms (and atomic positive ions), can be explained by invoking rescattering of the active electron in the laser field, the so-called rescattering mechanism. In contrast for negative ions, the role of rescattering has not been established experimentally. By irradiating F- ions with ultrashort laser pulses, F+ ion yields as a function of intensity for both linearly and circularly polarized light have been measured. We find that, at intensities well below saturation for F+ production by sequential ionization, there is a small but significant enhancement in the yield for the case of linearly polarized light, providing the first clear experimental evidence for the existence of the rescattering mechanism in negative ions.

Field of study: Physics
Determination of acrylamide in fried food by RP-HPLC-DAD

Acrylamide in fried food was extracted by methanol under ultrasonic wave.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)equippied with diode array detector(DAD) and C18 reversed phase column was employed for detection of acrylamide using methanol∶water(5∶95) as the mobile phase with 0.80 mL/min flow rate at column temperature of 40 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL.Qualitative analysis of acrylamide was based on its retention time according with the standard sample and on its ultraviolet spectra surveyed by DAD.Quantitative analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 210 nm and the external standard method was used.The results showed that calibration curve had high linear correlation(r=0.9990) and,the linear correlation range is between 0.01~0.50 μg/mL.The mean recovery was 98.84% with RSD=2.08% and the detection limit was 0.002 μg/g.The method stablished was sensitive,facile and accurate from the confirmation by application to various fried food samples.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Long Noncoding RNA Linc00152 Functions as a Tumor Propellant in Pan-Cancer

The oncogenic role of linc00152 in pan-cancer is unclear.  In this study, RNA-Seq of 33 breast specimens was performed, and the expression of linc00152 was validated by qPCR using 50 paired breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. This result combined with the expression of linc00152 in pan-cancer was revalidated by Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Next, the oncogenic roles of linc00152 in view of prognosis, chemoresistance, genomic and epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and histone modification, potential biological function enrichment, and basic molecular function in pan-cancer, were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo.  Linc00152 is upregulated in pan-cancer, especially in progressive cancer, and the high expression of linc00152 may lead to a worse prognosis and chemoresistance in pan-cancer patients. Amplification, DNA hypomethylation, promoter-like lncRNA characteristics and super-enhancer regulation are the drivers that lead to the upregulation of linc00152 in pan-cancer. Meanwhile, linc00152 was involved in cancer-related pathways, infection and immune response-associated pathways by enriched analysis using TCGA data. Finally, linc00152 was confirmed to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231, SGC-7901 and 786-O. Moreover, RIP and RNA pull-down assays indicated that linc00152 can bind to EZH2 directly.  All of the results indicated that linc00152 acted as an oncogenic propellant from various perspectives, and it may be an effective therapy target in pan-cancer.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Multiple Causal Inference with Latent Confounding

Causal inference from observational data requires assumptions. These assumptions range from measuring confounders to identifying instruments. Traditionally, causal inference assumptions have focused on estimation of effects for a single treatment. In this work, we construct techniques for estimation with multiple treatments in the presence of unobserved confounding. We develop two assumptions based on shared confounding between treatments and independence of treatments given the confounder. Together, these assumptions lead to a confounder estimator regularized by mutual information. For this estimator, we develop a tractable lower bound. To recover treatment effects, we use the residual information in the treatments independent of the confounder. We validate on simulations and an example from clinical medicine.

Field of study: Computer science
Convolutional Neural Networks as Summary Statistics for Approximate Bayesian Computation

Approximate Bayesian Computation is widely used in systems biology for inferring parameters in stochastic gene regulatory network models. Its performance hinges critically on the ability to summarize high-dimensional system responses such as time series into a few informative, low-dimensional summary statistics. The quality of those statistics acutely impacts the accuracy of the inference task. Existing methods to select the best subset out of a pool of candidate statistics do not scale well with large pools of several tens to hundreds of candidate statistics. Since high quality statistics are imperative for good performance, this becomes a serious bottleneck when performing inference on complex and high-dimensional problems. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network architecture for automatically learning informative summary statistics of temporal responses. We show that the proposed network can effectively circumvent the statistics selection problem of the preprocessing step for ABC inference. The proposed approach is demonstrated on two benchmark problem and one challenging inference problem learning parameters in a high-dimensional stochastic genetic oscillator. We also study the impact of experimental design on network performance by comparing different data richness and data acquisition strategies.

Field of study: Computer science
Continuous-wave lasing at room temperature in InGaSbAs/GaAlSbAs injection heterostructures emitting in the spectral range 2.2–2.4 μm

Room-temperature cw lasing was achieved in InGaSbAs/GaAlSbAs heterostructure injection lasers emitting in the range 2.2–2.4 μm. A stripe geometry with a ridge waveguide was used. The threshold currents in the cw regime were 80–150 mA at T = 300 K.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Elephant rewilding indirectly affects the abundance of an arboreal but not generalist savanna lizard

Trophic rewilding provides a nature-based solution for biological conservation; however, empirical studies demonstrating rewilding effects are limited. Megaherbivores moderate the type and quality of habitat available to other fauna. However, these effects may take time to develop. Further, fauna responses to megaherbivore rewilding will depend on a suite of life-history traits and strategies that allow persistence within megaherbivore modified landscapes. We conducted a space-for-time field survey in South African savanna to determine if habitat modifications mediated by a reintroduced megaherbivore, the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana), impacts the abundance of the diurnal arboreal cape dwarf gecko (Lygodactylus capensis) and two generalist diurnal skinks [the variable skink (Trachylepis varia) and striped skink (Trachylepis striata), collectively] across a 47-year period. The relative abundance of lizards and six habitat attributes utilized by lizards were assessed at 30 sites stratified across three biophysically and climatically similar nature reserves with different elephant reintroduction times (no elephants, 2003, 1972). The arboreal gecko was less common at the reserve with an older reintroduction time than the other reserves and was most commonly observed on, and positively correlated with, the density of the corkwood tree (Commiphora mollis). The generalist skinks were common across all reserves and were observed in a variety of habitats. Our results suggest that elephant rewilding differently impacts lizard species with different life-history strategies and that these effects take prolonged periods to develop. Given such knowledge, a long-term understanding of post-rewilding interactions will be a key point when designing and assessing the success of rewilding initiatives.

Field of study: Environmental science
Ambient fine and coarse particles in Japan affect nasal and bronchial epithelial cells differently and elicit varying immune response.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) epidemiologically exacerbates respiratory and immune health, including allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA). Although fine and coarse particles can affect respiratory tract, the differences in their effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract and immune system, their underlying mechanism, and the components responsible for the adverse health effects have not been yet completely elucidated. In this study, ambient fine and coarse particles were collected at three different locations in Japan by cyclone technique. Both particles collected at all locations decreased the viability of nasal epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), increased the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β from bronchial epithelial cells and APCs, and induced expression of dendritic and epithelial cell (DEC) 205 on APCs. Differences in inflammatory responses, but not in cytotoxicity, were shown between both particles, and among three locations. Some components such as Ti, Co, Zn, Pb, As, OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) showed significant correlations to inflammatory responses or cytotoxicity. These results suggest that ambient fine and coarse particles differently affect nasal and bronchial epithelial cells and immune response, which may depend on particles size diameter, chemical composition and source related particles types.

Field of study: Environmental science
Operator Figa-Talamanca-Herz algebras

Let G be a locally compact group. We use the canonical operator space structure on the spaces $L^p(G)$ for $p \in [1,\infty]$ introduced by G. Pisier to define operator space analogues $OA_p(G)$ of the classical Figa-Talamanca-Herz algebras $A_p(G)$. If $p \in (1,\infty)$ is arbitrary, then $A_p(G) \subset OA_p(G)$ such that the inclusion is a contraction; if p = 2, then $OA_2(G) \cong A(G)$ as Banachspaces spaces, but not necessarily as operator spaces. We show that $OA_p(G)$ is a completely contractive Banach algebra for each $p \in (1,\infty)$, and that $OA_q(G) \subset OA_p(G)$ completely contractively for amenable $G$ if $1 < p \leq q \leq 2$ or $2 \leq q \leq p < \infty$. Finally, we characterize the amenability of G through the existence of a bounded approximate identity in $OA_p(G)$ for one (or equivalently for all) $p \in (1,\infty)$.

Field of study: Mathematics
Modèle de conduction protonique dans un aluminosilicate

The measurements of dielectric losses, at variable temperature (up to 370K) and variable frequency (10 3 −10 6 Hz), are performed on an aluminosilicate (Si 4 Al 4 O 10 5(OH) 8 ). Analysis of the results leads to the development of a model of a.c. conductivity in this material. The charge carriers are protons and the conductivity is due to a hopping phenomenon between localized sites involving thermal activation. The experimental law, Aω s , is founded theoretically ; the parameter s is constant and equal to 0.83. The number of sites is evaluated and related to the adsorption process of water.

Field of study: Materials science
Dialectical behaviour therapy for women with borderline personality disorder

Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is widely considered to be a promising treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the evidence for its efficacy published thus far should be regarded as preliminary.  To compare the effectiveness of DBT with treatment as usual for patients with BPD and to examine the impact of baseline severity on effectiveness.  Fifty-eight women with BPD were randomly assigned to either 12 months of DBT or usual treatment in a randomised controlled study. Participants were recruited through clinical referrals from both addiction treatment and psychiatric services. Outcome measures included treatment retention and the course of suicidal, self-mutilating and self-damaging impulsive behaviours.  Dialectical behaviour therapy resulted in better retention rates and greater reductions of self-mutilating and self-damaging impulsive behaviours compared with usual treatment, especially among those with a history of frequent self-mutilation.  Dialectical behaviour therapy is superior to usual treatment in reducing high-risk behaviours in patients with BPD.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Music Printing in Renaissance Venice: The Scotto Press (1539-1572). Jane A. BernsteinPrint Culture and Music in Sixteenth-Century Venice. Jane A. Bernstein

remain true with the present volume, which possesses similar informational and instructional value. In addition, the scholar of dance will find important information concerning secular and religious dances of the period. Graphically, the book is a beauty to behold; of special note are the four maps including details of various European regions whose music and music theory is under examination and the thirteen plates with reproductions from pertinent manuscripts. Like its predecessor, volume three includes a substantial bibliography and an analytical index, and an updated list of books and articles is added at the end of the chapter on instrumental music. LUMINITA FLOREA University of California, Berkeley

Field of study: History
Elastic scattering using an artificial confining potential.

The discrete energies of a scattering Hamiltonian calculated under the influence of an artificial confining potential of almost arbitrary functional form can be used to determine its phase shifts. The method exploits the result that two short-range Hamiltonians having the same energy will have the same phase shifts upon removal of the confining potential. An initial verification is performed on a simple model problem. Then the stochastic variational method is used to determine the energies of the confined e(-)-He(2)S(e) system and thus determine the low energy phase shifts.

Field of study: Physics
CFD-based analysis of urban haze-fog dispersion—A preliminary study

This paper proposes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, along with dimensionless quantitative assessment standard—air pollution residual time (APRT) for the evaluation of local haze-fog (HF) dispersion in a built environment. A low APRT value ensures good ventilation. A building group model that comprises high-rise business building, mid-rise office buildings, low-mid-rise residential buildings (at the center of the building group), a mid-rise recreational center, and a local road (open terrain), was scaled down (1:100) to simulate the HF dispersion process. The orientation of the building group was numerically modified to generate a wind incidence normal to the high-rise building, mid-rise buildings, recreational center, and road. The results showed that the orientation of the building group largely determines the APRT. The most favorable orientation can reduce APRT by more than 50%. Our results strongly suggested that in order to reduce the consequential negative effect of air pollution, future urban designs should undergo a comprehensive ventilation assessment to ensure a low APRT value.

Field of study: Engineering
Distribution, composition, and source of the White River Ash, Yukon Territory

The White River Ash is a bi-lobate 1500 year old deposit occupying at least 6 cubic miles and covering some 125 000 square miles of southern Yukon and eastern Alaska. Sixty-six samples were collected at 5-mile intervals, principally along two traverses 120 miles apart across the main lobe, and subjected to X-ray fluorescence and petrographic analysis.The ash is a rhyodacite composed of glass (n = 1.502), andesine, hornblende, hypersthene, and magnetite. The average chemical composition is SiO2 = 67.4, Al2O3 = 15.1, TiO2 = 0.5, MgO = 2.0, FeO = 2.0, Fe2O3 = 2.2, Na2O = 4.1, K2O = 2.5 and CaO = 4.1, but there is a significant difference between the two traverses owing to the increase in glass relative to crystal components downwind.A synthesis of the distribution of the ash permitted the drawing of a 5 by 12 miles 'target' source rectangle in the St. Elias Range between Mts. Natazhat and Bona in Alaska. Aerial photographs revealed a suspect mound 0.4 miles in diameter beside the Klutlan Glacier. Access by h...

Field of study: Environmental science
Indoxyl sulfate induces nephrovascular senescence.

Indoxyl sulfate is markedly accumulated in the serum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The oral sorbent AST-120 reduces serum levels of indoxyl sulfate in CKD patients by adsorbing indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate, in the intestine. Indoxyl sulfate is taken up by proximal tubular cells through organic anion transporters (OAT1, OAT3), and it induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) with impairment of cellular antioxidative system. Indoxyl sulfate stimulates progression of CKD by increasing renal expression of profibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta 1. Further, it promotes the expression of p53 by ROS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B, thereby accelerating senescence of proximal tubular cells with progression of CKD. Administration of indoxyl sulfate to hypertensive rats reduces renal expression of Klotho and promotes cell senescence, with expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, p53, p21, p16, and retinoblastoma protein, accompanied by kidney fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate downregulates Klotho expression in the kidneys through production of ROS and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in proximal tubular cells. It promotes cell senescence, with expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, p53, p21, p16, and retinoblastoma protein, in the aorta of hypertensive rats. It also promotes aortic calcification and aortic wall thickening in hypertensive rats with expression of osteoblast-specific proteins, induces ROS in vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells, stimulates proliferation and osteoblastic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and inhibits viability and nitric oxide production of vascular endothelial cells. Thus, indoxyl sulfate accelerates the progression of not only CKD but also of cardiovascular disease by inducing nephrovascular cell senescence.

Field of study: Medicine
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis on the Soil Microbial Communities in the Root Zones of Averrhoa carambola Linn and Litchi chinensis Sonn

The soil microbial communities in the root zones of Averrhoa carambola Linn.cv.Taiwan soft-branch carambola and Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Wuye,which had been growing for 20 and 15 years respectively in the same orchard,were analyzed using phospholipid fatty acids biomarkers(PLFAs).The result revealed that,all soil samples of the carambola plantation were detected 25-32 PLFAs biomarkers,with the distinctive as i13:0,11:0 3OH and 14:0 2OH.Soil samples of litchi plantation contained 23-40 PLFAs biomarkers,distinctively possessing PLFAs of 16:0 3OH,i18:0,i12:0,12:1 AT 11-12 and a14:0.For the soil microbial communities of the carambola plantation,the simpson's diversity index and the quantities of PLFA 16:0 related to bacteria,18:1ω9c related to fungi and 10Me16:0 related to sulfate-reducing bacteria were similar between the soils at 1.0 m and 1.5 m horizontally away from the base of tree stem,and significantly lower in the soil at 0.5 m horizontally away from the stem base.For the soil microbial communities of the litchi plantation,simpson's index and the quanities of PLFA 16:0,18:1ω9c and 10Me16:0 were similar between the soils at 0.5 m and 1.5 m horizontally away from the stem base,and significantly higher at the distance of 1.0 m to the stem base.The quantities each of PLFAs 10Me17:0 related to actinomycete and 16:1ω5c related to methane-oxidizing bacteria were not significantly different among soil samples of the carambola plantation,but significantly differed among the soil samples of the litchi plantation,indicating the influence of plant species on the distribution of microbial PLFAs.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
ARTICLES: Use of electron-excitation energy transfer in dye laser active media

A study was made of the spectral luminescence and lasing characteristics of two-component dye mixtures, and of the use of electron-excitation energy transfer to improve the laser emission parameters. A considerable increase in the lasing efficiency was found on exciting Trypaflavine by energy transfer from coumarin dyes. The use of electron-excitation energy transfer enabled the laser emission spectrum to be broadened. It was found that by varying the energy donor and acceptor concentrations one could produce laser emission of constant intensity in the spectral range between the donor and acceptor lasing regions.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Improving continuity of care in an acute medical unit: initial outcomes.

The importance of acute medical units and their associated medical cover is stressed in current practice but there is a paucity of existing research to establish their impact on acute patient care.



To assess the impact of a new medical admission process and associated medical cover on patient length of stay (LOS), direct discharge rates (DDR) (for admissions <24 and 48 h), daily discharge and readmission rates (RR).



We performed a retrospective analysis of 3163 medical patients admitted before and after a ward was reconfigured to function as an acute medical unit (AMU), with a new on-call rota: 'consultant of the day' changing to 'consultant of the weekend', with aligned junior medical cover.



All medical admissions were analysed over three 2-month periods: two periods prior to the new AMU process (October to November, 2005 and June to July, 2006), and one period after the changes (October to Nov, 2006) which were made in August 2006.



Average LOS was reduced from 8.6 and 9.3 for the two previous periods (June to July, 2006 and October to November, 2005) to 7.8 days for October to November, 2006, (P = 0.028). DDR for patients with a LOS under 24 and 48 h increased from 21.3% and 31.2% to 28.5% and 39.5%, respectively for both 24 h (P < 0.005) and 48 h LOS (P = 0.038). No significant difference in RR were observed (within 7 days) over the same periods. For admissions <48 h, the percentage of patients discharged increased for the Consultant-led teams (P < 0.006) before and after the new process. A statistically insignificant trend in relation to DDR was observed towards increased discharges over the weekend.



The change in AMU process has resulted in improved DDR and patient length of stay, with no adverse effects on RR.

Field of study: Medicine