nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference Analysis of TD-SCDMA System and CDMA2000 System

In this paper, the feasibility of co-channel coexistence of Time Division- Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access（TD-SCDMA）and Code Division Multiple Access 2000（CDMA2000）systems operating in a macro cell environment is investigated. The deterministic analysis and simulation method are used to evaluate the performance compromising of both systems. Based on a more efficient calculation scheme, a novel deterministic equation is proposed and used to provide a better interpretation of the relationship between aggressor and victim in the interference system. The evaluation and simulation results show consistency with the corresponding experiment results. Furthermore, the interference characteristics of Omni-antenna and smart antenna in TD-SCDMA and CDMA2000 are compared, providing an important guideline to reduce the interference of two systems.

Field of study: Computer science
Kinetic characteristics of the racket in the right hand fast attack and fast rotating arc ball techniques used in table tennis

The authors tested and analyzed the right hand fast attack and fast rotating arc ball techniques(each of which includes medium power and maximum power attacking modes) used by 10 table tennis players,and revealed the following findings: the speed of the racket at the moment the initial racket setup for a heavy strike or heavy pull-up is finished is respectively faster than the speed of the racket at the moment the initial racket setup for a gen-tle strike or gentle pull-up is finished;at the moment the ball is hit,the speed of the racket making a gentle strike is slower that the speed of the racket making a heavy strike,the speed of the racket making a gentle pull-up is slower that the speed of the racket making a heavy pull-up,and the speed of the racket making a heavy strike is slower that the speed of the racket making a heavy pull-up;the total time for applying the right hand fast rotating arc ball tech-nique is longer than the total time for applying the right hand fast attack technique;the amplitude of pulling is greater than amplitude of striking.

Field of study: Education
Socio-Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women through Sericulture a Study of Lailunga Block of Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh, India

To provide better prospects to the respondent tribes. context of the work was based on questionnaire. To improves economic self dependence.  The questionnaire based progress did by authors to solve the problem. Identification of area, selection of individual / population, collecting primary data by the method of questionnaire, secondary data collection by different source such as magazine, reports, publication etc. evaluation on the socioeconomic empowerment of tribal women through sericulture.  Socioeconomic upliftment done through the research, income level get doubled. We found positive correlation towards the economic upliftment. Change the life style of tribes due to economic growth and development. Without effecting, the traditional occupation, upliftment occurs in the field of sericulture.  Due to local employment generation, inter state migration is checked thus resulted additional income generated. Moreover they had regular saving habit. It is noteworthy that due to above facts no environmental hazards develop by the tribes. After adopting the sericulture, they need not go to money lenders or any middle man thus resulted their self-respect elevated and they recognized socially. They also released from the debt ness.

Field of study: Business
Psychological Factors That Foster or Deter the Disclosure of Disability by University Students

Despite the increased number of students with disabilities attending university compared to a few decades ago, many students do not declare that they have a disability, reducing their chances to receive support when it is needed. Here, some of the studies investigating the factors that influence disclosure of disability are reviewed. Psychological factors related to identity, stigma, self-worth, and self-awareness are identified as the most important factors in supporting the decision to disclose a disability. Early support for these dimensions is important and should be provided as early as possible in order to facilitate the disclosure and help-seeking of university students with disabilities.

Field of study: Psychology
Pharmacy Students' Ability to Identify Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs Using an Innovative Assessment Tool

To evaluate change in the ability of third-year pharmacy students to identify drugs that increase fall risk after training in and experience using the Medication Falls Risk Assessment Tool (MFRAT).  An assessment was administered to students prior to MFRAT use and after MFRAT use. The assessment consisted of 10 medication regimens for various chronic conditions (50 distinct drug choices with 30 correct answers and 20 distractors), and students were to identify fall risk increasing drugs (FRIDs). Using a flipped-classroom approach, students viewed an online presentation on FRIDs and then participated in instructor guided, in-class application of the MFRAT using student-collected data from an actual patient case. Students completed medication therapy management (MTM) documentation. The assessment data for students who had previously used the MFRAT (experienced) were analyzed separately from first time users (inexperienced).  Three assessment scores were evaluated: number correct (maximum 30; higher score is better), number of distractors (maximum 20; lower score better), and a combined total score (maximum 50; higher score better). In inexperienced users (n=104), pre- and post-assessment means improved significantly for correct score (24.9 vs 29.5) and total score (39.4 vs 44.3). Among experienced users (n=10), pre- and post-assessment means improved significantly for correct responses (27.3 vs 29.7), distractors (7.0 vs 3.5), and total score (40.3 vs 46.2).  The ability of both pharmacy students who had used the MFRAT previously and those who had not to correctly identify FRIDs increased on the post-assessment.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and How to Think Smarter about People who Think Differently

NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and How to Think Smarter about People who Think Differently By Steve Silberman Allen & Unwin. 2015. £16.99 (pb). 544 pp. ISBN 9781760113636

A vast extent of popular literature on autism already exists, and with NeuroTribes tech journalist Steve Silberman adds

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Ion conduction in one-dimensional ionic conductor AxGa8Ga8+xTi16−xO56 (A=K, Rb, Cs)

Conduction of ions blocking the motion of mobile alkali ions in single crystal of one-dimensional (1D) superionic conductor alkali gallotitano-gallate AxGa8Ga8+xTi16−xO56 (A=K, Rb, Cs) was studied by an AC complex electrical conductivity measurement from 20 Hz to 98 GHz. Data were analyzed by the moving box model. The complex conductivity of blocks showed the power law for frequency. The conduction process was thermally activated and values of the activation energies were large, 1.22, 1.20, and 1.05 eV for KGGTO, RGGTO, and CGGTO, respectively. The conduction mechanism was discussed by the motion of the extra oxygen ions in the conduction path (1-D tunnel) and the push-pull motion of the Ga3+ ions between the tetrahedral site in the tunnel framework and interstitial sites in the conduction path.

Field of study: Materials science
Research on Evaluation of Comprehensive Competitiveness of Marine Economy in Coastal Provinces of China

On the basis of statistics and analysis of the overall development of China's marine economy, this study analyzes the main factors affecting the comprehensive competitiveness of marine economy from four aspects, marine resource endowment, marine economy development level, local macro-environment of marine economic development, and marine environmental protection capability. Constructing the comprehensive competitiveness index system of China's coastal provinces, which includes 4 second-level indicators, 12 third-level indicators and 50 fourth-level indicators. Meanwhile, using hierarchical analysis, equal weighting method, entropy method to measure the weight of indicators at all levels. Conclusions of this study show that the rank of comprehensive competitiveness of coastal provinces is stable, the level of marine economy development is the most important factor to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of marine economy, the strength of marine science and technology and the level of marine industry production are the main factors to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of marine economy by analyse the data from 2002-2017.

Field of study: Engineering
Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and health risk assessment.

The present study evaluates the concentration of heavy metals in eight different vegetables species around industrial area of Dhaka city Bangladesh. Metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion system. The levels of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in vegetables were 0.61 to 3.0, 1.6 to 12, 8.3 to 34, 16 to 119, 0.007 to 0.24, 0.009 to 1.0 and 0.06 to 3.5 mg/kg fw, respectively. There were differences in the concentrations of metals between vegetables species. Potential health risks of heavy metals to the local population via vegetables consumption were estimated. The health risks of Cr, Cu, As, Cd and Pb should be of great concern due to vegetables consumption.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Leadership Styles of Lecturer's Technical and Vocational in Teaching and Learning

Gaya kepimpinan adalah merupakan cara seseorang pemimpin menggunakan kuasa yang dimiliki sebagai alat untuk mempengaruhi pelajar dan untuk mencapai objektif di bilik darjah dan mempengaruhi pemilihan pendekatan dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji gaya kepimpinan pensyarah TVeT di UTHM. Kajian memfokuskan mengenai gaya kepimpinan yang digunakan oleh pensyarah semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah secara kuantitatif dan menggunakan Analisis Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21). Seramai 186 orang pelajar yang terlibat yang dipilih secara rawak. Peratusan, skor min, sisihan piawai digunakan untuk analisis kajian ini. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan gaya kepimpinan yang dipilih oleh pelajar adalah gaya kepimpinan demokratik dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Secara keseluruhanya, gaya kepimpinan pensyarah yang berkesan dapat melahirkan pelajar yang cemerlang dan berkualiti. Diharapkan, hasil kajian ini dapat membantu semua pihak terutama pensyarah politeknik dalam memperbaiki gaya kepimpinan yang digunakan semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. K eywords : Gaya Kepimpinan.

Field of study: Education
Postural therapy for renal stones in children: A Rolling Stones procedure.

Despite many advances, the management of renal stones - especially lower caliceal stones (LCS) - remains a challenge. The gravity-dependent location of the lower calices hinders the spontaneous clearance of fragments, which can be a nidus for future growth and symptomatic recurrence. Currently, there is no standard adjunctive therapy to facilitate fragment passage.



To report the safety and effectiveness of mechanical percussion diuresis and inversion (PDI) therapy for eliminating renal stones in children.



Since November 2013, children with residual fragments (after shock wave lithotripsy or flexible ureteroscopy) or native symptomatic renal stones were prospectively included in a protocol of four PDI sessions. After giving written consent, the children drank 10 ml/kg of water 30 min before therapy. They then laid in a prone Trendelenburg position on a couch angled at 45° and received continuous 10-min mechanical percussion applied over the affected flank by a physiotherapist . Tolerance stone burden reduction and stone clearance were documented with ultrasound 4 weeks after the last session.



Seventeen participants, with a median age of 10.8 years (range 18 months to 18 years), received 82 PDI sessions performed over 22 months. The median stone diameter was 5 mm (range 3-9). All children tolerated the PDI therapy well. Over a median follow-up of 11 months (range 3-18), no significant adverse effects were noted. The overall stone-free rate was 65%. Four of the six patients with residual fragment passed their fragments. The patients who did not become stone free by PDI experienced a decrease in fragment size of 57% (range 34-71). The observance rate was 100%.



Many studies have demonstrated that the gravity-dependent position of the lower calyces appears to be an important factor limiting the clearance of LCS. Positioning patients with a degree of inversion in order to put the collecting system beyond the horizontal plane affected the LCS through gravitational force. Complications were rare. PDI appeared to save costs and have similar success rates as shock wave lithotripsy for native small renal stones in children.



PDI is safe and effective for facilitating gravity-dependent drainage of renal stones and provides an opportunity to treat children in a quick, non-invasive, economic, painless, non-radiative and diverting fashion. This therapy is a valuable alternative in the pattern of stone management. In case of persistent fragments, it is recommend that the number of sessions be increased to six.

Field of study: Medicine
Intra‐arc binary collimation algorithm for the optimization of stereotactic radiotherapy treatment of multiple metastases with multiple prescriptions

To design and implement a novel treatment planning algorithm based on a modification of dynamic conformal arc (DCA) therapy for the treatment of multiple cranial metastases with variable prescription doses.



A workflow was developed in which separate dose matrices were calculated for each target at each control point (i.e., the multileaf collimator (MLC) was fit conformally to that single target). A cost function was used to quantify the relative contributions of each dose matrix in the plan to the overall plan objectives. Simulated annealing was used to allow for the inclusion or exclusion of individual dose matrices at each control point. The exclusion of individual targets at a given control point is termed intra-arc binary collimation (iABC) in this work and is accomplished by closing the MLCs over the target for a duration specified by simulated annealing optimization. Dynamic collimator motions were employed to minimize the variation between the idealized dose matrices (i.e., perfectly collimated targets) and actual dose matrices (i.e., MLC apertures that include quantities of nontarget tissue due to the relative orientations of targets in the field). An additional simulated annealing optimization was performed to weight the relative contributions of dose at each control point [referred to as the monitor unit distribution (MUD)] to improve compliance with plan objectives. The algorithm was tested on seven previously treated multiple metastases patients and plans were compared to the clinically treated VMAT plans.



Treatment plans generated with iABC used an average of 2716 (34%) fewer MU in the total plan than VMAT (P = 0.01). All normal tissue metrics for all plans and all patients were clinically acceptable. There were no statistically significant differences in any normal tissue dose metrics. Normalized prescription target coverage accuracy for all targets was 3% better on average for VMAT plans when compared to iABC (P = 0.07), and 14% better on average for iABC when compared to optimized DCA (P = 0.03).



A novel method of aperture and dose distribution design has been developed to significantly increase the MU efficiency of single isocenter treatment of multiple metastases with variable prescription doses when compared to VMAT, and which improves target coverage accuracy significantly when compared to optimized DCA. By applying a DCA approach to subsets of targets across control points, a hybrid method of treatment delivery has been developed that combines the efficiency of dynamic conformal treatments and the dosimetric flexibility of VMAT.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Electrical Control of Linear Dichroism in Black Phosphorus from the Visible to Mid-Infrared

The incorporation of electrically tunable materials into photonic structures such as waveguides and metasurfaces enables dynamic control of light propagation by an applied potential. While many materials have been shown to exhibit electrically tunable permittivity and dispersion, including transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and III-V semiconductors and quantum wells, these materials are all optically isotropic in the propagation plane. In this work, we report the first known example of electrically tunable linear dichroism, observed here in few-layer black phosphorus (BP), which is a promising candidate for multi-functional, broadband, tunable photonic elements. We measure active modulation of the linear dichroism from the mid-infrared to visible frequency range, which is driven by anisotropic quantum-confined Stark and Burstein-Moss effects, and field-induced forbidden-to-allowed optical transitions. Moreover, we observe high BP absorption modulation strengths, approaching unity for certain thicknesses and photon energies.

Field of study: Physics
Diffraction of light by phase holograms in photorefractive ferroelectric crystals

The kinematic approximation is used in an investigation of the theoretical solution of the problem of diffraction of arbitrarily polarized light waves by static volume phase holograms in uniaxial crystals. The diffusion, drift in a field, and photogalvanic mechanisms of photorefraction are allowed for and no restrictions are imposed on the orientation of the optic axis of a crystal. Several special cases are considered for crystals of the symmetry classes 3m and 4mm when measurements of the intensity of the diffracted radiation can be used to estimate the contribution of the various mechanisms to the process of formation of a hologram and the conditions are established for the reconstruction of the polarization of an arbitrarily polarized object wave.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Growth and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in simulated vegetation shade: influence of the ratio of red to far‐red radiation*

.Glycine max (L.) Merr. was grown under several light conditions to determine the role of red and far-red radiation in plant adaptation to vegetation shade. Neutral density,‘neutral’ density with elevated far-red radiation, and green shade treatments were used in a greenhouse, producing calculated phytochrome photostationary state (Pfr/Pr+Pfr) values of 0.68, 0.63 and 0.51, respectively. Cool-white fluorescent lamps either alone or in conjunction with far-red fluorescent lamps were used in a growth chamber, providing Pfr/Pr+Pfr of 0.79 and 0.61, respectively. Daily photo-synthetically active radiation was about 25% of daylight and was approximately equal for both greenhouse (2.15MJ m−2) and growth chamber (2.57MJ m−2). Developmental stage 4 weeks after sowing was similar for all treatments, but axillary growth and rates of leaf area and dry matter accretion differed between plants from greenhouse and growth chamber. Light conditions simulating vegetation shade (i.e. a low ratio of red to far-red radiation) significantly promoted petiole elongation and retarded the rate of stem elongation in both greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Other aspects of growth either were not significantly altered by spectral quality or were not modified consistently in both greenhouse and growth chamber environments. Net photosynthetic rates measured under growth conditions for unifoliate and first trifoliolate (TF1) leaves of growth chamber plants between 9 and 21 d after sowing were generally unaffected by spectral quality, but supplemental FR enhanced TF1 leaf area expansion. The latter effect was not correlated with increased dry matter accumulation. The significance of spectral quality for adaptation of soybeans to canopy closure and intercropping is discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
A transformation from Hausdorff to Stieltjes moment sequences

We introduce a non-linear injective transformation τ from the set of non-vanishing normalized Hausdorff moment sequences to the set of normalized Stieltjes moment sequences by the formulaT[(an)n=1∞]n = 1/a1 ...an. Special cases of this transformation have appeared in various papers on exponential functionals of Lévy processes, partly motivated by mathematical finance. We give several examples of moment sequences arising from the transformation and provide the corresponding measures, some of which are related toq-series.

Field of study: Mathematics
How dense does parton matter get in Pb + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS?

We examine the qualitative features of parton production through materialization in heavy-ion collisions within perturbative QCD, and estimate the magnitude of the resulting parton density created during the early stage of the collisions. The implications for “anomalous”J/ϕ suppression observed in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN SPS are discussed. We argue that theA-dependence of absorption ofJ/ϕ by (partonic) comovers is steeper than assumed in most phenomenological models, because the absorption process is dominated by quasi-perturbative QCD interactions. Our argument is supported by results recently obtained in the framework of the parton cascade model. We predict significant “anomalous” suppression for Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN-SPS, but not for S+U collisions.

Field of study: Physics
Synthesis of Derivatives of 3-Cyano-6-methyl-5-phenylcarbamoylpyridine-2(1H)-thione and 3-Cyano-6-methyl-5-phenyl-carbamoylpyridine-2(1H)-selenone

The reaction of ethoxymethylenacetylacetanilide with cyanothioacetamide or cyanoselenoacetamide in the presence of N-methylmorpholine and alkylating agents gave substituted 2-alkylthio- and 2-alkylselenopyridines and thieno[2,3-b]pyridines.

Field of study: Chemistry
Surface modification of natural graphite particles for lithium ion batteries

The surface of natural graphite particles for the anode of dry-type polymer lithium ion batteries was modified by means of carbon coating and polyethyleneoxide (PEO) grafting. Carbon coating on graphite particles was achieved by a simple mixing of graphite particles with polyvinylchloride powders and heating up to 500°C under a nitrogen gas flow. The graphite particles obtained were coated with carbon homogeneously. The carbon layer was oxidized by heating at 400°C in static air to form carboxyl group and then PEO was grafted by esterification of the carboxyl group with terminal hydroxyl group of PEO. The dispersibility of the PEO-grafted particles in water was improved compared to that of untreated graphite particles.

Field of study: Materials science
Semi-infinite highest weight categories

We develop axiomatics of highest weight categories and quasi-hereditary algebras in order to incorporate two semi-infinite situations which are in Ringel duality with each other; the underlying posets are either upper finite or lower finite. We also consider various more general sorts of signed highest weight categories and stratified categories. In the upper finite cases, we give an alternative characterization of these categories in terms of quasi-hereditary and stratified algebras equipped with idempotent-adapted cellular bases. Finally, we explain a general construction which produces many explicit examples of such algebras starting from naturally-occurring locally unital algebras which admit Cartan or triangular decompositions.

Field of study: Mathematics