nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization approach for tube circuit of fin-and-tube heat exchanger based on genetic algorithm

A novel tube circuit optimization approach for fin-and-tube heat exchanger was presented by developing a particular genetic coding method and genetic operators.A case study was performed on a practical heat exchanger.The optimization objective of the case was to obtain the shortest joint tube length of the tube circuit with the constraint conditions of satisfying the designed heat exchange capacity and the convenience of manufacture.Optimization result showed that the designed algorithm could converge within 5 h and the total joint tube length decreased by 25% after optimization.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis.

Candida parapsilosis has emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection worldwide. The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis etiological agents to the species level remains a laboratory and clinical challenge. Thus, specific monoclonal antibodies to detect systemic candidiasis and to identify Candida virulence factors and associated pathogenesis through immunohistochemistry would be very useful. Inbred Balb/c mice were immunized with C. parapsilosis antigens, and blood was checked for the presence of reactive antibodies using ELISA. Fusion was performed using the harvested spleen cells and NS1 myeloma cells, and the clones were screened for the presence of antibody producing hybrid cells by dot-blot. The 1B11 clone secreted IgG2a monoclonal antibody that was reactive with the C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 59 kDa and cross-reacted with C. tropicalis but not with other fungal and bacterial antigens tested. Another 3D1 clone secreted IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was reactive with C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 30 kDa. The 3D1 monoclonal antibody was found to be species specific. Experimental systemic candidiasis in rats was induced through intravenous injection of C. parapsilosis, and all the vital organs were collected for immunohistochemistry study. These monoclonal antibodies were reactive against surface epitopes on the yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and immune complexes in tissue sections. Sandwich ELISAs using these antibodies were developed and were able to detect circulating antigens in experimental candidiasis in rats at 0.2 μg/μL. These monoclonal antibodies may have potential as primary capture antibodies for the development of rapid diagnostic test for human systemic fungal infection.

Field of study: Biology
Quantifying nonequilibrium thermodynamic operations in a multiterminal mesoscopic system

We investigate a multiterminal mesoscopic conductor in the quantum Hall regime, subject to temperature and voltage biases. The device can be considered as a nonequilibrium resource acting on a working substance. We previously showed that cooling and power production can occur in the absence of energy and particle currents from a nonequilibrium resource (calling this an N-demon). Here we allow energy or particle currents from the nonequilibrium resource and find that the device seemingly operates at a better efficiency than a Carnot engine. To overcome this problem, we define free-energy efficiencies which incorporate the fact that a nonequilibrium resource is consumed in addition to heat or power. These efficiencies are well behaved for equilibrium and nonequilibrium resources and have an upper bound imposed by the laws of thermodynamics. We optimize power production and cooling in experimentally relevant parameter regimes.

Field of study: Physics
Secure two-party k-means clustering

The k-Means Clustering problem is one of the most-explored problems in data mining to date. With the advent of protocols that have proven to be successful in performing single database clustering, the focus has shifted in recent years to the question of how to extend the single database protocols to a multiple database setting. To date there have been numerous attempts to create specific multiparty k-means clustering protocols that protect the privacy of each database, but according to the standard cryptographic definitions of "privacy-protection," so far all such attempts have fallen short of providing adequate privacy.
 In this paper we describe a Two-Party k-Means Clustering Protocol that guarantees privacy, and is more efficient than utilizing a general multiparty "compiler" to achieve the same task. In particular, a main contribution of our result is a way to compute efficiently multiple iterations of k-means clustering without revealing the intermediate values. To achieve this, we show two techniques: to perform two-party division and to sample uniformly at random from an unknown domain size; the resulting Division Protocol and Random Value Protocol are of use to any protocol that requires the secure computation of a quotient or random sampling.
 Our techniques can be realized based on the existence of any semantically secure homomorphic encryption scheme. For concreteness, we describe our protocol based on Paillier Homomorphic Encryption scheme (see [21]). We will also demonstrate that our protocol is efficient in terms of communication, remaining competitive with existing protocols (such as [13]) that fail to protect privacy.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Correlation between ramp morphology and properties of ramp-type junctions

The correlation between the morphology of ramps in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// thin films prepared by ion-beam etching and the properties of ramp-type junctions was investigated in detail. Ramp-type junctions were fabricated using PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 2.9/Ga/sub 0.1/O/sub 7-/spl delta// as the barrier material. We examined the influence of different fabrication parameters on the ramp properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Properties of junctions, which were fabricated by employing a post-baking of the etching mask, were compared with those of junctions prepared without any special treatment. Junctions containing the improved ramps showed I-V characteristics and a temperature dependence of the normal resistance R/sub N/ typical for resonant tunneling. The other junctions, having also an order of magnitude lower values of R/sub N/, exhibited a metallic temperature dependence of R/sub N/, which can be possibly explained by contributions from metallic channels in the PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 2.9/Ga/sub 0.1/O/sub 7-/spl delta//-barrier.

Field of study: Physics
Components of Family Life Satisfaction in a Sample of 58 Korean/American Couples

In previous research with middle-class, midwestern couples, family life satisfaction has been predicted primarily by marital satisfaction. In this study, 58 American husbands and 58 Korean wives responded to a survey in their native languages concerning family life satisfaction and its components. For both spouses, marital satisfaction was the most substantial predictor of family life satisfaction. Although parental satisfaction was important for husbands, it was not a significant predictor for wives.

Field of study: Psychology
(R)-(+)-[VCD(-)984]-4-Ethyl-4-methyloctane: A Cryptochiral Hydrocarbon with a Quaternary Chiral Center. (2) Vibrational CD Spectra of Both Enantiomers and Absolute Configurational Assignment

To characterize precisely the chiroptical properties of 4-ethyl-4-methyloctane (1), one of the so-called cryptochiral compounds, the enantiomer (S)-(-)-[VCD(+)984]-1 was synthesized in an enantiopure form. The observed specific rotation values at 365 nm of both enantiomers agreed well, but were opposite in sign, confirming their enantiomeric relationship, although their absolute values were very small, reflecting their cryptochirality. The vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of both enantiomers were measured neat and showed characteristic Cotton effects around 1150-900 cm -1 ; the VCD spectral curves were mirror images of each other. Based on the observed positive VCD band at 984 cm -1 for (S)-(-)-1, its absolute configuration was fully designated as (S)-(-)-[VCD(+)984]-1. The VCD spectrum was quantum chemically calculated by the DFT MO method at the B3PW91/6-31G(d,p) level, and the simulated VCD curve for (S)-1 agreed very well with the observed VCD spectrum of (S)-(-)-1, confirming the absolute configuration.

Field of study: Chemistry
Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity of Ene Reactions: The Dimerization of Bicyclic 1,3‐Fused 2‐(Trimethylsilyl)cycloprop‐1‐enes

Cycloalkenes proceed through bromination, dehydrobromination and dibromocarbene addition reactions to give tribromocyclopropanes 10 and 11. The treatment of tribromocyclopropanes 10 and 11 with 3 equiv. of methyllithium in diethyl ether at –78 °C followed by treatment with trimethylsilyl chloride produce 8-(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo[5.1.0]oct-1(8)-ene (4) and 9-(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo[6.1.0]non-1(9)-ene (5). Both 4 and 5 undergo ene dimerization via the same steric isomer and an endo transition state to generate the stable adducts 6 and 7, respectively, as the sole isomers. Compound 6, containing an unstable bicyclo[5.1.0]oct-1(8)-enyl group and produced in high yields, has been reported to be an unstable species. Both of the ene dimers, (trimethylsilyl)cyclopropenes 6 and 7, can be converted into cyclopropenes 8 and 9 by treatment with a fluoride salt followed by protonation.

Field of study: Chemistry
Dynamics in plant diversity and composition on Australian alpine summits over time

High mountain environments are often characterised by low temperatures and short growing seasons, yet support high plant endemism and biodiversity. While such ecosystems are considered among the most vulnerable to climatic warming, the impacts of climate change on diversity and composition can be complex. To develop a deeper understanding of these dynamics, changes in vegetation over time along five alpine summits that are part of the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environment (GLORIA), were assessed including species richness, α-diversity, β-diversity, vegetation and growth form cover as well as composition. The five summits of Mount Clarke in the Australian Alps were surveyed in 2004, 2011 and 2019. Despite increases in species richness over time, there was an overall decline in diversity through biotic homogenisation across the summits. Near complete vegetation cover was recorded in 2004 but increased over the 15 years via in-filling and densification, driven by increasing cover of graminoids and shrubs. Consequently, there was also a shift in species composition which was greatest at higher elevations. The results indicate that there has been a shift towards more competitive and thermophilic composition, which may have implications for flammability in a warming and drying climate. Further assessments will be required to more fully explore the effect of climate variation from climate change, and implications for conservation of this and other alpine floras globally.

Field of study: Environmental science
Effects of Holding Time on Eutectic Contacting Reaction Brazing of Mg/Cu

Magnesium alloy and copper were bonded by eutectic contacting reaction brazing,and the effects of holding time on the microstructure and tensile properties were studied.The results from the experiment show that when the welding process is 500℃ keeping for 30 min,welding pressure is 2MPa,the tensile strength can reach 54MPa.

Field of study: Materials science
Monoclonal Gammopathy among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

To determine the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies in Kuwait and its association with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.  Serum protein electrophoresis and measurement of immunoglobulin levels were carried out prospectively in 100 consecutive patients with chronic HCV infection.  Among the 100 patients tested (82 males, 18 females; median age 45 years), 59 had polyclonal band in serum protein electrophoresis while the other 41 had a normal pattern. None of the patients had monoclonal gammopathy. The mean serum immunoglobulin levels were: IgG 18.4 g/l (range 4–39), IgA 2.9 g/l (range 0.09–8) and IgM 1.6 g/l (range 0.14–6.08).  There was no evidence of monoclonal gammopathies in patients with chronic HCV infection in Kuwait.

Field of study: Medicine
Distinguishing between single and multi-source attacks using signal processing

Launching a denial of service (DOS) attack is trivial, but detection and response is a painfully slow and often a manual process. Automatic classification of attacks as single- or multi-source can help focus a response, but current packet-header-based approaches are susceptible to spoofing. This paper introduces a framework for classifying DoS attacks based on header content, transient ramp-up behavior, and novel techniques such as spectral analysis. Although headers are easily forged, we show that characteristics of attack ramp-up and attack spectrum are more difficult to spoof. To evaluate our framework we monitored access links of a regional ISP detecting 80 live attacks. Header analysis identified the number of attackers in 67 attacks, while the remaining 13 attacks were classified based on ramp-up and spectral analysis. We validate our results through monitoring at a second site, controlled experiments, and simulation. We use experiments and simulation to understand the underlying reasons for the characteristics observed. In addition to helping understand attack dynamics, classification mechanisms such as ours are important for the development of realistic models of DoS traffic, can be packaged as an automated tool to aid in rapid response to attacks, and can also be used to estimate the level of DoS activity on the Internet.

Field of study: Computer science
Effect of Simplified Bonding on Shear Bond Strength between Ceramic Brackets and Dental Zirconia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term stability of shear bond strength (SBS) when 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) containing universal adhesive was used in the ceramic bracket bonding on dental zirconia. Twenty human maxillary incisors were collected. The ceramic bracket was bonded on the buccal enamel surface after the acid-etching and orthodontic primer application (Group CON). Sixty zirconia specimens were sintered, sandblasted and divided into three experimental groups; group CP—ceramic primer followed by an orthodontic primer; group U—universal adhesive; group CU—ceramic primer followed by a universal adhesive. For each specimen, the bracket was bonded onto the treated surface with composite resin (Transbond XT, 3M ESPE). The SBS tested before (CON0, CP0, U0, CU0) and after the artificial aging (CON1, CP1, U1, CU1). The data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05. The mean SBS of CON0, CP0, U0 and CU0 were within the clinically acceptable range without significant differences. After the aging process, SBS decreased in all groups. Among the aged groups, CP1 showed the highest SBS. Based on the results, when bonding ceramic brackets to a dental zirconia surface, we can conclude that ceramic primer used with an orthodontic primer, rather than using a universal adhesive, is recommended.

Field of study: Materials science
Fully coupled two-phase numerical model for falling film absorption in a vertical parallel plate channel

A two-phase numerical simulation is performed to investigate the absorption of water vapour into an aqueous lithium bromide solution inside a parallel plate vertical channel. The liquid film and vapour phase interactions and concurrent heat and mass interchange is modelled using a two-dimensional steady laminar flow model and a fully-coupled marching numerical scheme. The capability of this new model is examined by comparisons to the previous numerical results for a liquid film flowing over a cold wall. The numerical predictions are examined for the effect of the following operating parameters: the liquid film Reynolds number, the inlet mass fraction, and the wall temperature. New results are provided on the impact of the gas phase Reynolds number variation from 1000 to 3000 on the liquid film development along the channel.

Field of study: Engineering
Sedating drugs and breastfeeding.

If a mother takes a sedating drug during breastfeeding, will it cause central nervous system (CNS) depression in her breastfed baby?



In some cases (eg, with the use of codeine or oxycodone) sedating drugs will likely cause CNS depression in breastfed infants and in other cases (eg, with the use of benzodiazepines) they will likely not. Mothers using sedating drugs should monitor their breastfed infants for signs of CNS depression (eg, drowsiness; difficulty breathing, feeding, or latching; or cyanosis), paradoxical effects (eg, unusual excitement,irritability), or inadequate weight gain.

Field of study: Medicine
Three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction using a C-arm mounted XRII: image-based correction of gantry motion nonidealities.

The image quality of 3D reconstructions produced using a C-arm mounted XRII depends on precise determination of the geometric parameters that describe the detector system in the laboratory frame of reference. We have designed a simplified calibration system that depends on images of a metal sphere, acquired during rotation of the gantry through 200 degrees. Angle-dependent shift corrections are obtained, accounting for nonideal motion in two directions: perpendicular to the axis of rotation and tangential to the circular trajectory (tau), and parallel to the axis of rotation (xi). Projection images are corrected prior to reconstruction using a simple shift-interpolation algorithm. We show that the motion of the gantry is highly reproducible during acquisitions within one day (mean standard deviation in tau and xi is 0.11 mm and 0.08 mm, respectively), and over 21 months (mean standard deviation in tau and xi is 0.10 mm and 0.06 mm, respectively). Reconstruction of a small-bead phantom demonstrates uniformity of the correction algorithm over the full volume of the reconstruction [standard deviation of full-width-half-maximum of the beads is approximately 0.25 pixels (0.13 mm) over the volume of reconstruction]. Our approach provides a simple correction technique that can be applied when trajectory deviations are significant relative to the pixel size of the detector but small relative to the detector field of view, and when the fan angle of the acquisition geometry is small (<20 degrees). A comparison with other calibration techniques in the literature is provided.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Engineering Nonlinear Response of Superconducting Niobium Microstrip Resonators via Aluminum Cladding.

In this work, we find that Al cladding on Nb microstrip resonators is an efficient way to suppress nonlinear responses induced by local Joule heating, resulting in improved microwave power handling capability. This improvement is likely due to the proximity effect between the Al and the Nb layers. The proximity effect is found to be controllable by tuning the thickness of the Al layer. We show that improving the film quality is also helpful as it enhances the microwave critical current density, but it cannot eliminate the local heating.

Field of study: Physics
Enjoyment of Mediated Fright and Violence: A Meta-Analysis

In this meta-analysis, we synthesized data from published journal articles that investigated viewers' enjoyment of fright and violence. Given the limited research on this topic, this analysis was primarily a way of summarizing the current state of knowledge and developing directions for future research. The studies selected (a) examined frightening or violent media content; (b) used self-report measures of enjoyment or preference for such content (the dependent variable); and (c) included independent variables that were given theoretical consideration in the literature. The independent variables examined were negative affect and arousal during viewing, empathy, sensation seeking, aggressiveness, and the respondents' gender and age. The analysis confirmed that male viewers, individuals lower in empathy, and those higher in sensation seeking and aggressiveness reported more enjoyment of fright and violence. Some support emerged for Zillmann's (1980, 1996) model of suspense enjoyment. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of considering how viewers interpret or appraise their reactions to fright and violence. However, the studies were so diverse in design and measurement methods that it was difficult to identify the underlying processes. Suggestions are proposed for future research that will move toward the integration of separate lines of inquiry in a unified approach to understanding entertainment.

Field of study: Psychology
ABORDAGEM DESENVOLVIMENTISTA: 20 ANOS DEPOIS - DOI: 10.4025/reveducfis.v19i3.5022

The objective of this article was to make some reflections about the 20 years of developmental approach of school physical education, using as a strategy responses to the criticisms received during the period. Based on the fact that those criticisms were mainly made by the academicians and not by the teachers working with school physical education, the analysis was carried out more on the academic debate in relation to the fundamentals of the approach.

Field of study: Education
Book Review: Reconsidering Intellectual Disability: L’Arche, Medical Ethics, and Christian Friendship

of exorcist became an entry to higher ministry. Particularly prominent healing powers are recorded about the monks of Syria and Saint Martin of Tours. It was during this historical period that the first records of the healing powers of saints’ relics are found. Importantly, and quite timely for our twenty-first century debates, Saints Jerome and Basil both note that while medical care is important, it must be stressed that “physicians labor in vain without God’s aid.” This positive impression likely led to the copying and preservation of ancient medical writings by monks, especially the works of Galen. In turn, the combined forces of faith and medicine led to the establishment of the first hospitals, including Saint Basil of Caesarea’s in Cappadocia in the late fourth century. Each chapter ends with a brief summary of its more important points. Daunton-Fear’s final chapter does not provide any controversial or dogma-challenging proposals, nor should such contention be expected. His extensive documentation is intended to support and promote faithful study of spiritual miracles in the physical domain and that mission is successful. The extensive bibliography provides a resource for academic pursuits interested in further work. The expected audience for this text would be limited, with its greatest interest from the historic/theologic academicians. However, as a review of the power of Christianity in the physical sphere, it can be a source of encouragement and inspiration for healthcare professionals. The healing professions, at their very best, combine science and faith as they truly care for the physical and spiritual needs of others. This book reinforces the importance of this philosophy, and in today’s secular medicine culture, the records left for us by the Biblical authors and the earliest Christians are more instructive and appropriate than ever.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy