nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Application of the Higher Voltage Power Supply in Automotive Electricity System

The design of automotive power supply system will face greater pressure due to the increase of electrical equipment. In the future, it is an inevitable tendency to adopt 42V higher-voltage power supply. As a new type of intelligent power components, DC-DC will meet the requirement of a larger power load. Besides, when matched with existing supply voltages that current vehicles use, it can realize intelligent management of automotive power supply system. As a result, it will promote efficiency and reduce manufacture and maintenance cost.

Field of study: Education
Management Information System Design of Urban Environmental Sanitation Facilities Based on WebGIS

The paper takes the example of Yichun City to introduce the development thought,key technology,database composition and introducing method of WebGIS technology.The building of EMIS is based on B/S mode and web-oriented application,realizes the information networking and information management of environmental sanitation facilities,and improves the information management level of urban environmental sanitation.

Field of study: Materials science
The Demise of Canada's Confederation

Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's decision in October 1980 requesting Great Britain to "patriate" (send to Canada) the Canadian Constitution marked the beginning of an ominous political and constitutional struggle within Canada whose outcome will profoundly affect the way that country is governed in the future. The sizable majority of seats held by Trudeau's Liberal party in the House of Commons insures that his plan will receive Canadian parliamentary approval; ' but seven of the ten provinces expressed disapproval of Trudeau's constitutional proposals because of his insistence on including a Charter of Rights and Freedoms and an amending procedure that is unacceptable to most provincial governments.2 Trudeau's decision to bypass the provinces in this crucial matter and to rely for support on his parliamentary majority in Ottawa threatened to bring on a confrontation with both Quebec and the western provinces, one which could well shatter the 114-year-old Canadian Confederation. The British North America Act of 1867, Canada's basic law, contains no

Field of study: Political science
PD.237 Leech therapy for the salvage ofrevascularized free tissue transfer with surgically unsalvageable venous obstruction

All flaps were successfully transferred, the results of facial aesthetics were satisfactory in all patients. There was one partial necrosis in the region most to the pedicle ofthe FRF and one wound dehiscence. The complications were heated with local conservative methods, the wuom s were delayed healing. Follow-up periods varied between 9 and 20 months (mean follow up 13.2 months) and all of the patients are survival during uhich lhere was one recurrence. Conclusioni The TMF and the FRF are easy to haruest and low morbidity, and compatible with the principles ofoncologic resection. which should be considered the method of choice in repair of large orbito-ma\illofacial surface defects after resection of the tumors.

Field of study: Medicine
Alternating direction method of multipliers for penalized zero-variance discriminant analysis

We consider the task of classification in the high dimensional setting where the number of features of the given data is significantly greater than the number of observations. To accomplish this task, we propose a heuristic, called sparse zero-variance discriminant analysis, for simultaneously performing linear discriminant analysis and feature selection on high dimensional data. This method combines classical zero-variance discriminant analysis, where discriminant vectors are identified in the null space of the sample within-class covariance matrix, with penalization applied to induce sparse structures in the resulting vectors. To approximately solve the resulting nonconvex problem, we develop a simple algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Further, we show that this algorithm is applicable to a larger class of penalized generalized eigenvalue problems, including a particular relaxation of the sparse principal component analysis problem. Finally, we establish theoretical guarantees for convergence of our algorithm to stationary points of the original nonconvex problem, and empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our heuristic for classifying simulated data and data drawn from applications in time-series classification.

Field of study: Computer science
Synthesis, structure and optical refractive effect of dibutyltin(IV) complex of [Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]-

Reaction of n-Bu2SnCl2 with K[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2] in CH3CN gives the spirobimetallocyclic complex bis(tetraphenyldithioimidodiphosphinato)dibutyltin (IV), {n-Bu2Sn[Ph2P(S)NP(S)Ph2]2} in which π–π stacking interactions by the phenyl rings of the ligands exist. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were studied with an 8 ns-pulsed laser at 532 nm. Its optical responses to the incident light exhibit strong refractive effect with n2 = 5.4 × 10−18 m2 W−1 in a 1.2 × 10−4 mol dm−3 DMF solution.

Field of study: Chemistry
Human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7: molecular cloning and mRNA distribution in the CNS.

Human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 (mGluR7) cDNA clones were isolated from a medulla cDNA library. The sequence, which includes a polymorphism, has 92% DNA sequence identity with rat mGluR7 and the predicted protein sequence has 99% identity. In-situ hybridization studies on human brain sections showed that mGluR7 mRNA has a widespread distribution with highest levels in the hippocampal formation, cerebral cortex and cerebellum.

Field of study: Biology
Cyclic Barankin-Type Bounds for Non-Bayesian Periodic Parameter Estimation

In many practical periodic parameter estimation problems, the appropriate performance criteria are periodic in the parameter space. The existing mean-square-error (MSE) lower bounds, such as Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) and Barankin-type bounds do not provide valid lower bounds in such problems. In this paper, cyclic versions of the CRB and the Barankin-type bounds, Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins and McAulay-Seidman, are derived for non-Bayesian parameter estimation. The proposed bounds are lower bounds on the mean cyclic error (MCE) of any cyclic-unbiased estimator, where the cyclic-unbiasedness is defined by using Lehmann-unbiasedness. These MCE lower bounds can be readily obtained from existing MSE lower bounds and thus, can be easily calculated. The cyclic Barankin-type bounds and the performance of the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator are compared in terms of MCE in Von-Mises distributed measurements problem and for frequency and amplitude estimation with Gaussian noise. In these problems, the ML estimator is found to be cyclic unbiased.

Field of study: Engineering
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase: improved purification procedure and comparison of homogeneous isoenzymes E1 and E2.

An improved purification procedure of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) isoenzymes E1 and E2 is presented. This procedure employs only three chromatographic steps to produce homogeneous E1 and E2 isoenzymes at 60% overall yield. The isoenzymes have been tested for homogeneity by electrophoresis of native and denatured species, specific activity determinations following rechromatography, as well as mapping of tryptic and CNBr fragments. Total SH group analysis has also been done on each isoenzyme. The results show that both isoenzymes are homogeneous. Similarities between E1 and E2 isoenzymes are noted in the mobility of about 40% of tryptic fragments, total SH content, and the mobility of two CNBr fragments. The results also show considerable structural differences between the isoenzymes in that CNBr maps show fragments from E1 and E2 of different molecular weight and about 60% of tryptic fragments migrate to distinct locations. Only one of SH-containing tryptic fragments migrates to the same location in both isoenzymes. E1 and E2 each consist of subunits which migrate as single bands in both sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea electrophoresis. While the mobility of E1 and E2 subunits in SDS gels is similar, it is different in urea, showing that subunits of E1 are distinct from those of E2 and that the isoenzymes do not share subunits. Structural similarity between isoenzymes must, therefore, result from sequence similarity within regions of distinct polypeptide chains composing E1 and E2 molecules. The results presented offer a simplified procedure for preparation of the homogeneous isoenzymes; they also suggest that E1 and E2 are products of distinct genes which probably diverged from a common genetic ancestor through gene duplication and compartmentation of the cell.

Field of study: Medicine
Axial‐to‐radial water permeability of leaf major veins: a possible determinant of the impact of vein embolism on leaf hydraulics?

The leaf hydraulic conductance (KL) was measured in Prunus laurocerasus L. and Juglans regia L. in which previous measurements had revealed different impacts of dehydration on KL. Leaves of P. laurocerasus lost 8% of their KL at water potentials (ΨL) of −2.0 MPa. Leaflets of J. regia showed KL losses of 40% at ΨL = −1.0 MPa. When major veins were blocked using cyanoacrylate to simulate their embolism, the KL of P. laurocerasus was reduced by 57% but that of J. regia leaflets was reduced by 80%. Such differences were hypothesized to be due to different axial-to-radial permeabilites of major veins. Infiltration of leaves with Phoxine B revealed that P. laurocerasus major veins were largely leaky in the radial direction whereas those of J. regia leaflets showed prevailing axial water transport. Differences between species in terms of axial-to-radial water permeability were confirmed by measurements of changes of hydraulic resistance along the midrib. The two hydraulic models are discussed in terms of leaf vulnerability to embolism and plant adaptation to dry habitats.

Field of study: Environmental science
Academia Colombiana de Historia, 1902–1952. (Bogota: Talleres de Litografía Colombia, 1952. Folios 89.)Informes anuales de los Secretarios de la Academia durante los primeros cincuenta años de su fundación, 1902–1952. (Bogota: Editorial Minerva, Ltda., 1952. Pp. 765.)


Field of study: History
Fully Homomorphic Encryption with Zero Norm Cipher Text

Gentry’s bootstrapping technique is the most famous method of obtaining fully homomorphic encryption. In previous work I proposed a fully homomorphic encryption without bootstrapping which has the weak point in the plaintext [1],[15]. I also proposed fully homomorphic encryptions with composite number modulus which avoid the weak point by adopting the plaintext including the random numbers in it [14],[16]. In this paper I propose another fully homomorphic encryption with zero norm cipher text where zero norm medium text is generated and enciphered by using composite number modulus. In the proposed scheme it is proved that if there exists the PPT algorithm that generates the cipher text of the plaintext -p from the cipher text of any plaintext p, there exists the PPT algorithm that factors the given composite number modulus. That is, we include the random parameters in the plaintext so that if the random parameter and the plaintext are separated, then the composite number to be the modulus is factored. Since the scheme is based on computational difficulty to solve the multivariate algebraic equations of high degree while the almost all multivariate cryptosystems [2],[3],[4],[5] proposed until now are based on the quadratic equations avoiding the explosion of the coefficients. Because proposed fully homomorphic encryption scheme is based on multivariate algebraic equations with high degree or too many variables, it is against the Gröbner basis [6] attack, the differential attack, rank attack and so on. keywords: fully homomorphic encryption, zero norm cipher text, Gröbner basis, octonion, factoring

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
China’s Technological Emergence and the Loss of Skilled Jobs in the United States: Missing Link Found?

The increasing net imports of advanced technology products (ATP) from China instigate some anxiety and anger in the United States these days. Some claim that China is eroding the United States' leadership in technological innovation (Preeg 2004). Others lament that the surge of ATP imports from China has caused job displacement in high-tech industries (Scott 2005). According to the latter view, China's technological leapfrogging is at least partly responsible for the withering U.S. middle class. China not only directly displaces high-tech jobs that sustain the working middle class, but also intensifies the threat effect whereby undermining workers' bargaining power for wage increases. This argument further states that China's manipulation of its currency, its exploitation of cheap, skilled workers and its lax protection of intellectual property rights contribute to its competitive advantage in high-tech trade. The immediate policy recommendation would be to overhaul U.S. trade policy with China to address the bilateral trade imbalance in general, and the high-tech trade imbalance in particular. China must be pressured to revamp its current unfair and unjust practices. Such diagnoses and policy prescriptions are problematic, however. First, no robust evidence verifies that the increase in high-tech exports by China is a manifestation of its rising technological capacities. Quite the contrary, most high-tech production is not performed by Chinese workers. Second, the increase in China's high-tech exports emanates from the evolution of the international integration of production (IIP). Simply targeting China has at best, marginal effects. At worst, this diverts policy attention in the wrong direction and forgoes the real opportunity to make a change. To account for China's high-tech exports and the implications thereof, this paper is structured as follows. The next section documents the oft-cited linkage

Field of study: Economics
Nicotine normalizes event related potentials in COMT-Val-tg mice and increases gamma and theta spectral density.

Regulation of dopamine neurotransmission is essential for cognitive processes. In humans and rodents, the relationship between dopamine signaling and cognitive performance is described as a dose-dependent, inverted-U curve whereby excess or insufficiency of dopamine in prefrontal cortex has detrimental effects. Previous studies have indicated that prefrontal dopamine levels are associated with genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a regulatory enzyme that controls dopamine availability. Furthermore, smokers who carry the high-activity COMT-Val allele are more prone to cognitive deficits and have an increased risk of smoking relapse. The present study employed transgenic mice expressing the human COMT-Val variant to determine the effects of the high-activity COMT allele on electrophysiological markers, including the P20, N40, and P80 components of the auditory event-related potential, as well as baseline and auditory event-related power and phase-synchrony in theta and gamma ranges. We also examined the effects of nicotine on these measures to investigate the potential effects of smoking on COMT-mediated electrophysiological activity. COMT-Val-tg mice displayed increased N40 latency and decreased P80 amplitude as well as reduced baseline theta and gamma power. Nicotine increased P20 and P80 amplitudes, decreased N40 amplitude, increased P20 and N40 latencies, and reduced P80 latency. Nicotine also increased the event-related power and phase synchrony, yielding an increase in signal-to-noise ratio across theta and gamma ranges. COMT activity specifically alters long-latency components of the event-related response. Nicotine restored normal event-related activity among COMT-Val-tg mice, suggesting one mechanism through which nicotine may normalize cognitive function among people with the high-activity allele.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
P063 Interleukin-27 signaling promotes immunity against endogenously arising tumors

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine but it’s immunosuppressive effects predominate during many in vivo immunological challenges. Despite this, evidence from tumor cell line transfer models suggested that IL-27 could promote immune responses in the tumor context. However, the role of IL-27 in immunity against tumors that develop in situ and in tumor immunosurveillance remains undefined.  In this study, we use IL-27 receptor a (Il27ra) -deficient mice to examine the effect of physiological IL-27 in the context of anti-tumor responses. Carcinogen-induced fibrosarcoma and polyoma middle T antigen oncogene-driven mammary carcinomas are used as autochtonous tumor models. Associated changes in the immune response were examined by histology and flow cytometry.  In this study, we demonstrate that tumor development and growth are accelerated in IL-27 receptor a (Il27ra) -deficient mice, using models of carcinogen-induced fibrosarcoma and polyoma middle T antigen oncogene-driven mammary carcinomas. Enhanced tumor growth was associated with decreased interferon-g production and increased number of regulatory T-cells (T reg ).  This is the first study to show that IL-27 promotes protective immune responses against endogenous tumors, which is critical as the basis for future development of an IL-27 based therapeutic agent.

Field of study: Medicine
Investigations of vinyl esters of the furan series

The vinyl esters of trans-β-(2-furyl) acrylic acid, furan-2-carboxylic acid, 5-bromofuran2-carboxylic acid, and 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylic acid were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acids with acetylene and vinyl acetate. Mercuric acetate and boron trifluoride etherate were used as catalysts for the transvinylation of acids of the furan series. The structures of the vinyl esters obtained were proved by IR and PMR spectroscopy. The distribution of the π-electron density in the molecules of four of the synthesized vinyl and ethyl esters was studied by means of quantum-chemical calculations by the SCF MO LCAO method (Pople variant) using the Raman and UV absorption spectra.

Field of study: Chemistry
Level Densities of Heavy Nuclei by the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method

The microscopic calculation of nuclear level densities in the presence of correlations is a difficult many-body problem. The shell model Monte Carlo method provides a powerful technique to carry out such calculations using the framework of the configuration-interaction shell model in spaces that are many orders of magnitude larger than spaces that can be treated by conventional methods. We present recent applications of the method to the calculation of level densities and their collective enhancement factors in heavy nuclei. The calculated level densities are in close agreement with experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Development Social Science Materials of Social Skills Based for Students Grade V SDN 027977

The purpose of this research is to development of social science materials of social skills based for sudents grade V. This research is categorized into the type of research development (research and devolepment) by using Borg and Gall teaching material development model. Development research is oriented towards product development where the development process is described as thoroughly as possible and the product is finally evaluated. This research was conducted at SDN 020977 Binjai and SDN 050701 Hinai Grade V Semester (I) of the academic year 2017/2018. The timing of this study will commence from October to December 2017. Treatment is specifically applied to the development of social skills-based social sciences materials with Harmony in Community. Subjects in this study are the students of grade V of SDN 020977 Binjai (Experiment) amounted to 25 students and garde V of SDN 050701 Hinai amounted 23 students (Comparator). The results of this study are developed teaching materials have met the Valid criteria. It can be seen from the results of validation of teaching materials conducted by the three validators declared social science materials of social skills based developed by researchers quite well, this is based on the assessment of the three validators for the design aspect the average score is 78%, the Mater aspect in stage I the average score is 61% and proceed to stage II the average score is 83%, and the last for the language aspect in phase I the average score is 58% then proceed to stage II with the average score is 88%. Teaching materials developed have met the practical criteria seen from teacher questionnaire results which reached 92% percentage. The use of learning materials based on social skills can improve student learning outcomes, the results obtained if you see the results of pre-test and postes where the class Experiment completeness of students reached 48% then at posttest increased to 76%. The result of pretest in comparison class student reach 62% then at the time of postes mask student reach 70%.  Social Science Materials, Social Skills Based

Field of study: Education
Perceptions, use and availability of woody plants among the Gourounsi in Burkina Faso

The present study was conducted in five villages around the Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso. Fifty informants of the Gourounsi ethnic group were used. Eighty-one useful woody species were identified, out of a total of 110 woody species in the area. Woody plant use was quantified as: edible fruits (28 species), vegetable sauce (22 species), firewood (33 species), construction (29 species) and medicine (64 species and 167 remedies). Further, species accumulation curves were used to estimate that more than 650 remedies for medicine are used in the area. The community's knowledge of plants was analysed in relation to age, gender, village of residence and amount of intercultural visits. The knowledge pattern was remarkably uniform, with only two variations: (1) men generally identified more edible fruit trees than women, and (2) one village reported more firewood species than the other four villages. The informants had a variety of opinions concerning the availability of useful plants, but the majority found the availability to be fine and 47% of the informants searched for useable products in the savanna on a daily basis. No correlation was found between an informant's impression of useful products availability and his/her frequency of visits into the savanna. The results show that the Gourounsi people live in intimate relation with the savanna surrounding their villages. They are aware of the environment and are willing to learn and adopt new conservation practices.

Field of study: Environmental science