nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-range inverse proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet structures

The spread of the Cooper pairs into the ferromagnet in proximity coupled superconductor - ferromagnet (SF) structures is shown to cause a strong inverse electrodynamic phenomenon, namely, the long-range spread of the magnetic field from the ferromagnet to the superconductor. Contrary to the previously investigated inverse proximity effect resulting from the spin polarization of superconducting surface layer, the characteristic length of the above inverse electrodynamic effect is of the order of the London penetration depth. The corresponding spontaneous currents generating this long-range magnetic field appear even in the absence of the stray field of the ferromagnet in the non-superconducting state and can naturally explain the puzzling experimental data on the long-range magnetism arising in V/Fe and Au/Nb/ferromagnet structures.

Field of study: Physics
Pore Structure-Dependent Mass Transport in Flow-through Electrodes for Water Remediation.

Hierarchical three-dimensional architectures of granphene-based materials with tailored microstructure and functionality exhibit unique mass transport behaviors and tunable active sites for various applications. The micro- /nanochannels in the porous structure can act as micro- /nano- reactors, which optimize the transport and conversion of contaminants. However, the size-effects of the micro- /nanochannels, which are directly related to its performance in electrochemical processes, have not been explored. Here, using lamellar-structured graphene films as electrodes, we demonstrate that the interlayer spacing (range from ∼84 nm to ∼2.44 μm) between graphene nanosheets governs the mass transport and electron transfer in electrochemical processes; subsequently influence the water decontamination performances. The microchannel (interlayer spacing = ∼2.44 μm) can provide higher active surface areas, but slow reaction kinetics. Densely packed graphene nanosheets (interlayer spacing = ∼280 nm), which possessed better electron conductivity and could provide higher surface-area-to-volume ratio in narrow nanochannels (7.14 μm-1), achieved the highest reaction kinetics. However, the ion-accessible surface area was decreased in highly dense films (interlayer spacing = ∼84 nm) due to serious interlayer stacking of graphene nanosheets, thereby leading poor reaction kinetics. These results demonstrate the size-effect of nanochannels in porous materials and highlight the importance of controlling mass transport and electron transfer for optimal electrochemical performance, enabling a deep understanding of the benefits and utilization of these hierarchical three-dimensional architectures in water purification.

Field of study: Environmental science
Causal Inference and Mechanism Clustering of a Mixture of Additive Noise Models

The inference of the causal relationship between a pair of observed variables is a fundamental problem in science, and most existing approaches are based on one single causal model. In practice, however, observations are often collected from multiple sources with heterogeneous causal models due to certain uncontrollable factors, which renders causal analysis results obtained by a single model skeptical. In this paper, we generalize the Additive Noise Model (ANM) to a mixture model, which consists of a finite number of ANMs, and provide the condition of its causal identifiability. To conduct model estimation, we propose Gaussian Process Partially Observable Model (GPPOM), and incorporate independence enforcement into it to learn latent parameter associated with each observation. Causal inference and clustering according to the underlying generating mechanisms of the mixture model are addressed in this work. Experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Field of study: Computer science
Passive states as optimal inputs for single-jump lossy quantum channels

The passive states of a quantum system minimize the average energy among all the states with a given spectrum. We prove that passive states are the optimal inputs of single-jump lossy quantum channels. These channels arise from a weak interaction of the quantum system of interest with a large Markovian bath in its ground state, such that the interaction Hamiltonian couples only consecutive energy eigenstates of the system. We prove that the output generated by any input state $\ensuremath{\rho}$ majorizes the output generated by the passive input state ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ with the same spectrum of $\ensuremath{\rho}$. Then, the output generated by $\ensuremath{\rho}$ can be obtained applying a random unitary operation to the output generated by ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$. This is an extension of De Palma et al. [ (2016)], where the same result is proved for one-mode bosonic Gaussian channels. We also prove that for finite temperature this optimality property can fail already in a two-level system, where the best input is a coherent superposition of the two energy eigenstates.

Field of study: Physics
The Role of Cooperative Reward Interdependency in Success and Failure.

The self-worth-related consequences of success and failure for low and high performers under two reward structures (cooperative and competitive) and two reward standards (achievement and improvement) were compared. Participants were 282 middle school children who solved puzzles independently, but side-by-side in same-sex, same-grade pairs. Performance was experimentally manipulated to produce high and low performers in each pair and successful and unsuccessful pairs. Students worked under competitive or cooperative reward conditions. Results indicated that (a) regardless of reward contingencies, success or failure played a critical role in perceptions of individual differences: Failure depressed perceptions of the other student's ability in each pair and decreased reward allocations for both low and high performers, and (b) cooperative reward interdependency accentuated perceptions of ability differences.

Field of study: Education
Strong positivity for quantum theta bases of quantum cluster algebras

We construct "quantum theta bases," extending the set of quantum cluster monomials, for various versions of skew-symmetric quantum cluster algebras. These bases consist precisely of the indecomposable universally positive elements of the algebras they generate, and the structure constants for their multiplication are Laurent polynomials in the quantum parameter with non-negative integer coefficients, proving the quantum strong cluster positivity conjecture for these algebras. The classical limits recover the theta bases considered by Gross-Hacking-Keel-Kontsevich. Our approach combines the scattering diagram techniques used in loc. cit. with the Donaldson-Thomas theory of quivers.

Field of study: Mathematics
Is an epitope on keratin 17 a major target for autoreactive T lymphocytes in psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a T cell‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that has been associated with infections by group A β‐haemolytic streptococci. In a previous study of patients with active psoriasis we demonstrated an increased frequency of circulating Th1‐like cells that responded to 20 amino acid (aa) streptococcal M‐peptides sharing sequences with human keratin. These cells disappeared after ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced clinical remission. Using T cells from the blood of 17 psoriatic patients and 17 healthy controls we have now compared the numbers of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ)‐producing cells induced by seven 18–20 aa keratin peptides and five corresponding M‐peptides. The most frequent and strongest responses were observed to a peptide from keratin 17 that shares ALEEAN sequence with M‐protein. The responses to this peptide were stronger than to the corresponding M‐peptide containing the ALEEAN sequence. After UVB treatment T cell responses to all the M‐ and keratin peptides were abolished, while responses to the positive control antigen streptokinase/streptodornase (SK/SD) were not affected. These findings are consistent with the notion that aa sequences which keratin has in common with M‐protein may be a major target for autoreactive T cells in psoriasis.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Patterns of Species Richness at Varying Scales in Western Kenya: Planning for Agroecosystem Diversification

Agroforestry tree domestication research is geared at promoting diversification of on-farm tree species composition. A survey was conducted in western Kenya with the objective of exploring possibilities for diversification for a particular agroecosystem, involving a complete tree census, tree measurement and collection of ethnobotanical information in 201 small-scale farms. Various approaches to landscape diversification were explored, including random distribution of trees to increase alpha richness and species richness at higher scales in the landscape, and random distribution of species composition over villages to increase the average richness of villages. The results showed that random distribution would result in increments of average species richness in the landscape, without requiring increments of total and average abundance. A new, fast and exact method of calculating site-based species accumulation curves was presented. The method yielded results that were extremely close to classical algorithms using 10,000 randomisations. Four use-groups (beverage, fodder, charcoal and soil fertility enhancement) were identified as use-groups with alpha richness smaller than one species, but only beverage and fodder had lowest richness at all scales (fruit and construction wood joined the four use-groups of lowest average species richness at higher scales in the landscape). The novel approaches used in this study could be used in future biodiversity studies on species accumulation patterns, or on spatial distribution patterns of species richness in a landscape.

Field of study: Environmental science
Fractional order nonlinear systems with delay in iterative learning control

In this paper, we discuss a P-type iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for a class of fractional-order nonlinear systems with delay. By introducing the λ-norm and using Gronwall inequality, the sufficient condition for the robust convergence of the tracking errors is obtained. Based on this convergence, the P-type ILC updating laws can be determined.

Field of study: Mathematics
Non-selective cation channel activity of aquaporin AtPIP2;1 regulated by Ca2+ and pH.

The aquaporin AtPIP2;1 is an abundant plasma membrane intrinsic protein in Arabidopsis thaliana that is implicated in stomatal closure, and is highly expressed in plasma membranes of root epidermal cells. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, AtPIP2;1 increased water permeability and induced a non-selective cation conductance mainly associated with Na+ . A mutation in the water pore, G103W, prevented both the ionic conductance and water permeability of PIP2;1. Co-expression of AtPIP2;1 with AtPIP1;2 increased water permeability but abolished the ionic conductance. AtPIP2;2 (93% identical to AtPIP2;1) similarly increased water permeability but not ionic conductance. The ionic conductance was inhibited by the application of extracellular Ca2+ and Cd2+ , with Ca2+ giving a biphasic dose-response with a prominent IC50 of 0.32 mм comparable with a previous report of Ca2+ sensitivity of a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) in Arabidopsis root protoplasts. Low external pH also inhibited ionic conductance (IC50 pH 6.8). Xenopus oocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing AtPIP2;1 accumulated more Na+ than controls. Establishing whether AtPIP2;1 has dual ion and water permeability in planta will be important in understanding the roles of this aquaporin and if AtPIP2;1 is a candidate for a previously reported NSCC responsible for Ca2+ and pH sensitive Na+ entry into roots.

Field of study: Environmental science
Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage Is Still a Challenging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Quagmire

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM), affecting 1-2% of women of reproductive age seeking pregnancy, has been a clinical quagmire and a formidable challenge for the treating physician. There are many areas of controversy in the definition, aetiology, investigations and treatment of RSM. This review will address the many factors involved in the aetiology of RSM which is multifactorial in many patients, with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) being the most recognized aetiological factor. There is no identifiable cause in about 40-60% of these patients, in which case the condition is classified as idiopathic or unexplained RSM. The RSM investigations are extensive and should be undertaken in dedicated, specialized, well-equipped clinics/centres where services are provided by trained specialists. The challenges faced by the treating physician are even more overwhelming regarding the decision of what should be the most appropriate therapy offered to patients with RSM. Our review will cover the diverse modalities of therapy available including the role of preimplantation genetic testing using recent microarray technology, such as single nucleotide polymorphism and comparative genomic hybridization, as well as preimplantation genetic diagnosis; the greatest emphasis will be on the treatment of APS, and there will be important comments on the management of patients presenting with idiopathic RSM. The controversial areas of the role of natural killer cells in RSM, the varied modalities in the management of idiopathic RSM and the need for better-planned studies will be covered as well.

Field of study: Medicine
Optimal replacement strategies-genetic algorithms approach

The primary aim of this paper is to develop models for replacement strategies using genetic algorithms. Two models have been developed, one for implementing the strategy using a discrete function to replace the items whose efficiency deteriorates with time and the other for implementing the strategy using a continuous function. The main aim is to show how genetic algorithms can be applied to these models. For the quick convergence to the optimal solution for the replacement problems, Queen Bee strategy has been adopted.

Field of study: Engineering
Phase qubits fabricated with trilayer junctions

We have developed a novel Josephson junction geometry with minimal volume of lossy isolation dielectric, suitable for higher quality trilayer junctions implemented in qubits. The junctions are based on in situ deposited trilayers with thermal tunnel oxide, have micron-sized areas and a low subgap current. In qubit spectroscopy only a few avoided level crossings are observed, and the measured relaxation time of T1≈400 ns is in good agreement with the usual phase qubit decay time, indicating low loss due to the additional isolation dielectric.

Field of study: Physics
Strategies for the development of sport supply brands in Guangzhou

By analyzing problems existing in the process of management of sport supply brands in Guangzhou,the authors put forward their thoughts about strategies for the development of sport supply brands in Guangzhou: for the development of sport supply enterprises,we should first promote entrepreneurial spirit,establish enterprise brand culture,clarify brand orientation,enhance brand strategy awareness,increase innovation power,boost the core competitive strengths of enterprises,increase the policy supporting power of the government,fully exert the func-tions of industrial associations,promote the formation of industrial groups,and realize the trend of development of enterprise collectivization.

Field of study: Education
Experiments in microgravity: a comparison of crystals of a carbohydrate-binding fab grown on the ground, on space shuttle Discovery and on space station Mir.

The Fab fragment of the hybridoma antibody (YsT9.1) specific to Brucella abortus has been crystallized on earth using both Linbro plates and ground-based models of the flight hardware, as well as in microgravity on board the space shuttle Discovery and the space station Mir. Large-scale experiments using Linbro plates gave two different crystal morphologies, pyramidal and rhomboid, depending on conditions. The pyramidal crystals proved to scatter X-rays to higher resolution, and conditions within the ground-based flight hardware for both Discovery and Mir were adjusted to produce crystals with this morphology. The experiment on Discovery produced large crystals in each of ten chambers. The experiment on Mir produced crystals in only one of the five assigned chambers, despite the fact that the simultaneous ground-based experiment produced large crystals in every corresponding chamber. Data collection was attempted for crystals from both space and ground-based experiments. Higher resolution data was obtained from crystals grown on Discovery than from either Mir or ground-based crystals, even though the crystals obtained from Discovery were smaller and forced to grow over a much shorter period of time because of the shorter length of the shuttle mission.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effects of Applying Biogas Slurry-Based Fertilizer on Pachira macrocarpa

A pot experiment was conducted in this study to compare the effects of applying biogas slurry-based and inorganic compound fertilizer on the physiological indices,character and biomas with equivalent nutrient principles.The result showed that the optimum amount of fertilization on Pachira macrocarpa was 750 kg/hm2 under the condition of this experiment.In this case,the highest increase of chlorophyll content,total leaf area,ground diameter,diameter at breast height(DBH),plant height,fresh weight,dry weight and fresh weight of leaf biomass with applying inorganic compound fertilizer was 13.8%,65.0%,26.2%,44.8%,37.2%,51.7%,114.6%,65.0%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Reinterpretation of the equilibrium magnetization of a Tl-based single crystal. Another phase transition in the mixed state of high-Tc superconductors?

We apply a recently developed scaling procedure for the analysis of the equilibrium magnetization M that was measured on a Tl-based single crystal and was recently reported in the literature. The results of our analysis are distinctly different from those obtained in the original publication where the Hao-Clem model served to analyze the magnetization data. We argue that the Hao-Clem model is not adequate for a quantitative description of the mixed state in high-Tc superconductors especially in high magnetic fields. The scaled equilibrium magnetization data reveal a pronounced kink in the M(H) dependence that might be indicative of a phase transition in the mixed state.

Field of study: Physics
Voluntary exercise influences behavioral development in rats exposed to alcohol during the neonatal brain growth spurt.

Children exposed to alcohol prenatally may suffer from severe brain damage, expressed as a variety of behavioral problems, including hyperactivity and learning deficits. There is a critical need to identify effective treatments for fetal alcohol effects. Physical exercise enhances cognitive ability and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. Thus, the present study examined whether physical exercise might reduce the severity of alcohol-induced behavioral alterations. Sprague-Dawley rats were intubated with 5.25 g/kg/day ethanol during the third trimester equivalent (postnatal days [PDs] 4-9). Intubated sham control and nontreated controls were included. From PD 21 to PD 51, half of the subjects were given access to running wheels. On PD 52, subjects were tested on the Morris water maze, and on PD 60, open field activity levels were measured. Morris maze performance was significantly impaired among ethanol-exposed subjects; exercise significantly improved performance of all groups. Similarly, ethanol-exposed subjects were overactive in the open field, an effect attenuated with exercise. In sum, these data suggest that exercise may increase neuronal plasticity not only in controls, but also in subjects exposed to alcohol during development.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Cloning, Stem Cell Research and Some Historic Parallels

The public has not had an equitable distribution of the arguments against using human embryonic cells for stem cell research, whether the stem cells would be obtained from "therapeutic" cloning, or from "spare" embryos. These clones and "spares" are equivalent examples of early embryos. Too many scientists have called for "therapeutic" cloning and for use of the "spare" embryos, without thinking through the several consequences, some of which could be devastating. For example, Humphreys et al. have shown in mice that cloning by nuclear transfer is so inefficient that most clones die. I Those that survive often display growth abnormalities. They also examined the embryonic stem cells and found their genome to be "extremely unstable." The question then becomes: does this suggest a similar result in human cloning, and one which could be transferred to patients receiving stem cell therapies? Despite this, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) and the American Association of Anatomists (AAA), two prominent scientific organizations, advocate their use without ever allowing debate or votes by their membership. A memo of 16 February, 2000 by Robert Yates, then President of AAA, and speaking for the membership, stated that the guidelines for the AAA will "ensure the necessary privacy and dignity of stem cell donors by carefully addressing the ethical issues associated with (stem cell)

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
What is Beautiful is Culturally Good: The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype has Different Content in Collectivistic Cultures

A total of 157 university students in Korea rated photos of other Korean students at three levels of attractiveness on dimensions included in meta-analyses of the physical attractiveness stereotype as shown in North America. Consistent with predictions based on the greater tendency in collectivistic cultures to stress harmonious relationships, participants did not perceive attractive targets as higher in potency, as North American participants do, and did perceive attractive targets as higher in integrity and in concern for others, as North American participants do not. It is argued that all cultures stereotype on the basis of physical attractiveness but that the content of the stereotype depends on cultural values. An explanation for attractiveness stereotyping is offered that is applicable to any culture.

Field of study: Psychology
Human resource planning and management within the Northern Territory police

tag=1 data=Human resource planning and management within the Northern Territory police. by Micael Palmer 
 
tag=2 data=Palmer, Michael 
 
tag=3 data=Australian Journal of Public Administration, 
 
tag=4 data=50 
 
tag=5 data=1 
 
tag=6 data=March 1991 
 
tag=7 data=31-37. 
 
tag=8 data=POLICE-NT 
 
tag=10 data=Current human resource management issues within the Northern Territory Police and the broader Australian policing community include: interservice mobility, lateral entry, civilianisation, police auxiliaries, staff retention, contract and term appointments... 
 
tag=11 data=1991/3/8 
 
tag=12 data=91/0710 
 
tag=13 data=CAB

Field of study: Political science