nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integer fast Fourier transform

A concept of integer fast Fourier transform (IntFFT) for approximating the discrete Fourier transform is introduced. Unlike the fixed-point fast Fourier transform (FxpFFT), the new transform has the properties that it is an integer-to-integer mapping, is power adaptable and is reversible. The lifting scheme is used to approximate complex multiplications appearing in the FFT lattice structures where the dynamic range of the lifting coefficients can be controlled by proper choices of lifting factorizations. Split-radix FFT is used to illustrate the approach for the case of 2/sup N/-point FFT, in which case, an upper bound of the minimal dynamic range of the internal nodes, which is required by the reversibility of the transform, is presented and confirmed by a simulation. The transform can be implemented by using only bit shifts and additions but no multiplication. A method for minimizing the number of additions required is presented. While preserving the reversibility, the IntFFT is shown experimentally to yield the same accuracy as the FxpFFT when their coefficients are quantized to a certain number of bits. Complexity of the IntFFT is shown to be much lower than that of the FxpFFT in terms of the numbers of additions and shifts. Finally, they are applied to noise reduction applications, where the IntFFT provides significantly improvement over the FxpFFT at low power and maintains similar results at high power.

Field of study: Engineering
The Elementary Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritive Content and Edible Quality on 6 Cassava Germplasms

The analysis and evaluation of the main nutritive content and edible quality of 6 cassava germplasms showed: Different cassava germplasms had great difference in nutritive content;The soluble sugar content and protein content of ZM8229 was 2.29% and 2.53%,respectively,which were very significantly higher than that of the other 5 germplsams(p0.01);The β-carotene content and vitamin C content of SC9 was 0.55 and 19.04 mg/hg,which were very significantly higher(p0.01)and significantly higher(p0.05)than that of the others 5 germplasams respectively;The protein content of SC8 was 2.31%,it was very significantly higher(p0.01)than that of SC6068,GR911,SC9 and SC101;SC9 was the best edible variety;The dry matter content was very significantly positive correlated to starch content(p0.01),So the higher dry matter content was recommended to be selecting reference for high starch content cassava variety.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Perturbative Study of Strong Coupling Correction in Superfluid 3He in Aerogel

The AB transition curve of superfluid 3He in aerogel often shows a positive slope dTAB(P)/dP>0 over the measured pressures P, contrary to that of the bulk liquid. Bearing this behavior in mind suggestive of a unexpectedly strong reduction of the strong coupling (SC) correction due to the aerogel, we examine impurity effects on the SC contributions to the quartic term of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional. Our analysis perturbative both in the repulsive interaction and the impurity scattering suggests that, in agreement with experimental data, the impurity scattering weakens the relative stability of the ABM state to the BW state and notably reduces the SC correction for the ABM phase.

Field of study: Physics
Asymmetric magnetic dots: A way to control magnetic properties

We have used Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the magnetic properties of asymmetric dots as a function of their geometry. The asymmetry of round dots is produced by cutting off a fraction of the dot and is characterized by an asymmetry parameter α. This shape asymmetry has interesting effects on the coercivity (Hc), remanence (Mr), and barrier for vortex and C-state formation. The dependences of Hc and Mr are nonmonotonic as a function of α with a well defined minima in these parameters. The vortex enters the most asymmetric part and exits through the symmetric portion of the dot. With increasing α the vortex formation starts with a C-state which persists for longer fields and the barrier for vortex exit diminishes with increasing asymmetry, thus providing control over the magnetic chirality. This implies interesting, naively unexpected, magnetic behavior as a function of geometry and magnetic field.

Field of study: Physics
Confirmation that offspring from families with alcohol-dependent individuals have greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation induced by naloxone compared with offspring without a family history of alcohol dependence.

This study was designed to confirm our previous findings that nonalcoholic offspring from families with alcohol-dependent individuals have greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation induced by opioid blockade compared with nonalcoholic subjects without a family history of alcohol dependence.



Sixty-four nonalcoholic subjects aged 18 to 25 years were enrolled in the protocol. Twenty-seven subjects were offspring from families with alcohol dependence and were designated as family history-positive subjects (FHP). Thirty-seven subjects were biological offspring of non-alcohol-dependent parents and were designated as family history-negative subjects (FHN). Subjects received naloxone hydrochloride (0, 50, 125, 375, and 500 microg/kg) in double-blind, randomized order; adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol were monitored over 120 min.



No hormone differences at baseline or during placebo administration were identified between FHP and FHN subjects. FHP subjects had greater ACTH and cortisol response to opioid receptor blockade induced by naloxone hydrochloride compared with FHN subjects.



These observations confirm previous findings that differences in ACTH and cortisol dynamics between FHP and FHN subjects can be unmasked by opioid receptor blockade.

Field of study: Medicine
Rational status quo

Decision makers often stick to a status quo without explicitly reconsidering it. Yet, their observed choices might be compatible with a fully rational model. We ask when such a rationalization is possible. We assume as observable only the choice of sticking to the status quo vs. changing it, as a function of a database of cases. We state conditions on the set of databases that would make the decision maker change the status quo, which are equivalent to the following representation: the decision maker entertains a set of theories, of which one is that her current choice is the best; she is inert as long as that theory beats any alternative theory according to a maximum likelihood criterion.

Field of study: Economics
Investigation of Initial Sr87 / Sr86 Ratios in the Sierra Nevada Plutonic Province

One to three whole-rock samples from each of more than a dozen discrete plutonic intrusions in the east-central Sierra Nevada batholith have been analyzed for Sr 87 /Sr 86 and Rb/Sr ratios to obtain information on initial Sr 87 abundances. The initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratios in the rock magmas forming this province appear to have been in the range 0.7073 ± .0010 in the majority of cases. This range is definitely higher than that found for modern alkali-type and tholeiite-type basalt magmas of oceanic regions, which commonly range between 0.703 and 0.705. However, it is much lower than the average Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratios found in Precambrian sialic regions which range from 0.71 to 0.73. It seems clear therefore that the Sierra Nevada magmas were not derived solely either from the typical source regions of oceanic basalt or from the melting of ancient crustal sial. It is possible that these magmas represent a mixture of oceanic basalt and crustal sial, as would be the case of anatexis in a geosyncline containing much volcanic material of fairly recent origin and some terrigenous sialic detritus. They may instead be of mantle derivation with admixtures of crustal material assimilated during their rise. The whole-rock Rb-Sr age results derivec from the study indicate that the Lamarck and Mount Givens Granodiorites and the alaskite of Evolution Basin and porphyritic biotite granite of Dinkey Lakes form a younger group of intrusive rocks of 90 ± 10 m.y. Although the sampling was not designed for isochron age studies, it appears that most of the remaining rock units are considerably older.

Field of study: Geology
Evaluation of Haemorheological Parameters in Cigarette Smokers in Western Nigeria

Tobacco use is widely spread throughout the world, from countries with low income economics to the most influential industrialized nations. The effect of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. This study aimed at estimating the haemorheological parameters and examining the effects of this social behavior on them with a view to educate the smokers and the society. This study was carried out among the regular smokers that smoke not less than two sticks of cigarettes per day. Ninety (90) subjects were studied, comprising of sixty (60) smokers subjects, willingly volunteered to participate in the study and thirty (30) nonsmoker subjects that served as control for the study. The haemorheological parameters determined were packed cell volume (PCV), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Fibrinogen concentration (FIBC), Whole blood viscosity (WBV) and Plasma viscosity (PV). It was observed that there were statistically significant difference in WBC, ESR, FIB, and PCV (p 0.05). In the correlation results, WBC correlate negatively with PLT and PV (r=-0.142, r=-0.042), PLT correlate negatively with ESR and PCV (r=-0.124, r=-0.172), and ESR correlate negatively with WBV(r=-0.065). The correlation between FIBC and WBV, PV, (r=-0.304, r=-0.077), WBV and PV(r=-0.333) were negative and all these were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The negative correlation that exist between the PV and PCV(r=-0.846) was statistically significant (<0.01). The positive correlation noticed and statistically significant were between WBC and ESR (r=0.341) (<0.05), also between PLT and FIBC (r=0.477) (<0.01).  Smoking exerts negative influence on the haemorheological parameters and these are the contributing factors that lead to cardiovascular and atherosclerosis that usually occur in cigarette smokers and cause of their death. Also smokers are more prone to infection more than nonsmokers because of their low level of immunity.

Field of study: Medicine
MUSCULAÇÃO NA TERCEIRA IDADE

The aim of the present study is to analyse corporal weight, cutaneous wrinkles, cardiac frequency, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in two groups of different age groups by means of physical activity work with emphasis on the strength.The study has been characterized as experimental and was realized in a group of 17 individuals aged over 70 from an asylum and in another group of 22 individuals aged over 55 resident in a district, both lying in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul/Acre, Brazil. There was an initial collection of analysed variables and a final collection, with the exception of heart frequency and arterial pressure which were weekly verified. There was an improvement in all the analysed variables in both groups. Betterment was mainly achienid in group “A”, the oldest, age group this shows that we can work strength with these individuals with excellent results.

Field of study: Education
The Tate Pairing Via Elliptic Nets

We derive a new algorithm for computing the Tate pairing on an elliptic curve over a finite field. The algorithm uses a generalisation of elliptic divisibility sequences known as elliptic nets, which are maps from Zn to a ring that satisfy a certain recurrence relation. We explain how an elliptic net is associated to an elliptic curve and reflects its group structure. Then we give a formula for the Tate pairing in terms of values of the net. Using the recurrence relation we can calculate these values in linear time. Computing the Tate pairing is the bottleneck to efficient pairing-based cryptography. The new algorithm has time complexity comparable to Miller's algorithm, and should yield to further optimisation.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Controlled image multipliers for optoelectronic memories. I. Studies of angular optical characteristics of an interference beam splitter with a polarization-plane switch

The angular optical characteristics are determined for a Brewster interference polarizer operating in a wide range of angles of incidence of converging light beams. The dependence of the polarizer transmission on the angular coordinates of a ray in a converging beam is derived. The theoretical dependences are compared with experimental results. The experimental angular characteristics are given for a polarizer with a liquid-crystal modulator utilizing the twist effect. Methods for improving the angular characteristics of polarizers and modulators are considered. The results obtained show that it should be possible to construct a controlled polycubic image multiplier for large-capacity optoelectronic memories.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Influence of the lentiviral vectors mediated mouse genetic engineering Tr after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice

To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells(Tr) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT) on graft-versushost disease(GVHD) in mice.  Lentivirus-mediated expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) converted CD4 + CD25 - T cells from BALB/c mice into engineered Tr in vitro. An allo-BMT model of BALB/c→C57BL/6 mice was established. After irradiation, the recipients were injected with donor cells along with genetic engineering Tr. Survival time, histopathological analysis, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed after allo-BMT.  The mean survival times in radiation group, transplantation control group, engineering Tr group and empty vector control group were ( 8.8 ± 0.6 ) d, ( 36.7 ± 2.5 ) d, ( 51.6 ± 4.0 ) d and ( 34.1 ± 2. 3 ) d. The survival time in engineering Tr group was significantly increased as compared to other groups as judged by the log-rank test ( P ＜0.05 ). Histopathological analysis in several target organs( skin, liver and small intestine) confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD were observed in recipients in engineering Tr group. The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were all increased after transplantation in above groups. The peaks of concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in engineering Tr group were significantly decreased compared to transplantation control group and empty vector control group at day 21 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).  Co-injection of genetic engineering Tr can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD during allo-BMT in mice by reducing the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. 
 
 
Bone marrow transplantation; T lymphocytes, regulatory; Graft-versus-host disease; Lentiviral vector

Field of study: Biology
Italian Language Curriculum Versus Labour Market Challenges

The purpose of this research is to emphasize the issues that arise from the actual application of Italian language curriculum versus nowadays labour market challenges that are met in Albania and abroad, and to offer possible solutions related to it. In this research we are going to present a summarized overview of the Italian language curriculum for both existing studies’ cycles in the Faculty of Foreign Languages, of the development of this language in the Albanian framework, a summarized overview on the Italian or Italian-Albanian enterprises operating in our country and the employment needs they have.It is a well-known fact that the Italian language cannot be considered an instrumental language; therefore, there are encountered difficulties in studying, acknowledging and using it within this framework. From the surveys carried on with first year students in our faculty, there is noticed a lack of motivation from their part in studying Italian, a very significant indicator which emphasizes the difficulties this language faces while functioning as a labour language in a labour market. Of course, this will result in a drastic reduction in the number of students who want to study Italian, and a decrease in the quality of students who will apply in our faculty in the upcoming years. It is true that the average marks of students learning Italian has been that of a decreasing trend. Also, the employment index of graduated students according to the proper study profile is very low, and this highlights the low level of needs and requirements that labour market offers for this students’ profile.Therefore, there arises the necessity of an urgent intervention in the curriculum of this language, to offer programmes which are suitable to the education of people who can find a job in their study field in the future. Also, this intervention is necessary not only in the employment framework, but also in handling the challenges that we face due to globalization; in order to make our faculty and especially the programs offered by the Italian department more attractive, so that they can serve to the requirements and needs of the future, in collaboration with local and foreign institutions. The ways and the forms of this intervention and the proposals will be a very important part of this research. This intervention will be vertical, as well as horizontal, for more efficiency and productivity in the education of people capable to manage future challenges.

Field of study: Education, Sociology
An approach to building the case for nutrition policies to limit trans-fat intake - a Singapore case study.

At present, Singapore health authorities are deliberating nutrition labeling and regulations to reduce trans-fat in the food supply. This paper reviews the case for enacting nutrition policies to reduce population trans-fat intake in Singapore. It further proposes a decision-making framework that may inform other jurisdictions in assessing the merits of nutrition policies.  This case study reviews the necessity of interventions to reduce trans-fat intake, appropriateness of a policy-based approach, and feasibility of trans-fat policies in the Singapore context. Evidence is drawn from national health reports, measures of stakeholder support, resources for implementing these policies, and results from international precedents.



The burden of cardiovascular disease and excessive intake of trans-fat in the adult population warrant consideration of interventions to reduce excessive trans-fat intake. Labeling of trans-fat content and regulating usage of trans-fat in the food supply may be effective and feasible in the Singapore context. Stakeholder support for these policies was present from members of the public and health agencies.



Policy approaches to reduce trans-fat intake and cardiovascular disease risk in Singapore should be considered. The proposed nutrition policy decision framework may guide health agencies in assessing the appropriateness of trans-fat or other nutrition policies.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
The Living Wage Movement: Building a Political Link from Market Wages to Social Institutions

The living wage is an idea that is at the heart of a new political strategy to raise real wages in the United States. It is focused on those workers who have been left behind in the economic boom of the 1990s. The sales, clerical, operative, and service jobs in the service-producing economy have had stagnant or falling wages. These jobs are often filled by a predominantly female and disproportionately minority work force. In many metropolitan areas, trade unions and their allies are working to get living wage ordinances passed. The living wage movement has grown out of recent trade union organizing and welfare reform resistance movements. Generally, these groups argue that there is a "wage gap" between the wages typically paid to semiskilled and unskilled workers in a service-based economy and the basic-self-sufficient or unsubsidized-income required to provide for a family. There are, at least, three political reasons for the appearance of the living wage campaigns. First, real wages and salaries for many workers have been stagnant as real per capita income has risen. Second, many municipalities are outsourcing work done in the past by civil servants. The wages paid by private contractors are usually perceived to be lower and the benefit packages weaker than that which would have been provided by the metropolitan government. Third, service sector wages are perceived to be low relative to factory jobs. The living wage movement is part of a general effort to boost the income that comes from service-producing employment. The living wage is usually defined as a self-sufficiency income, i.e., the level of income necessary for a given family type to become independent of welfare or other

Field of study: Economics
Energetics of product formation during anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers and benzoate

Methanogenic enrichment cultures grown on phthalate, isophthalate and terephthalate were incubated with the corresponding phthalate isomer on which they were grown, and a mixture of benzoate and the phthalate isomer. All cultures were incubated with bromoethanosulfonate to inactivate the methanogens in the mixed culture. Thus, product formation during fermentation of the aromatic substrates could be studied. It was found that reduction equivalents generated during oxidation of the aromatic substrates to acetate were incorporated in benzoate under formation of carboxycyclohexane. During fermentation of the phthalate isomers, small amounts of benzoate were detected, suggesting that the initial step in the anaerobic degradation of the phthalate isomers is decarboxylation to benzoate. Gibbs free energy analyses indicated that during degradation of the phthalate isomers, benzoate, carboxycyclohexane, acetate and molecular hydrogen accumulated in such amounts that both the reduction and oxidation of benzoate yielded a constant and comparable amount of energy of approximately 30 kJ mol−1. Based on these observations it is suggested that within narrow energetic limits, oxidation and reduction of benzoate may proceed simultaneously. Whether this is controlled by the Gibbs free energy change for carboxycyclohexane oxidation remains unclear.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Bar code recovery via the EM algorithm

The ubiquitous supermarket checkout scanner is indeed a well engineered and effective device. There is, nevertheless, demand for better devices. Existing scanners rely on simple and indeed low-cost signal processing to interpret bar code signals. These methods, nevertheless, fundamentally limit label reading and cannot be extended. A new method based on the deterministic EM algorithm is described. First results show a substantial improvement in label reading depth of field, which is an important performance parameter for bar code readers.

Field of study: Engineering