nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Current Degradation Behavior of Coated Conductor Subjected to Repeat Overcurrent

The performance degradation of superconducting equipment under repeat fault is a key issue for the operation of superconducting equipment in grid operation. The mechanism of the High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tape performance degradation behavior is an important issue that need to be figured out. Therefore, it's necessary to carry out the performance degradation study of HTS tape under repeat overcurrent. In this paper, considering overcurrent duration, a series of repeated overcurrent experiments were carried on YBCO tapes under 50 Hz sinusoidal alternating current. The degradation of critical current of YBCO tapes after repeat overcurrent was recorded. The critical current density of the YBCO tape was scanned to track sample's structural change during experiment. The mechanism of the degradation development of YBCO tapes after their first degradation was described. The research could provide a reference for the design of fault protection and life assessment of HTS devices.

Field of study: Physics
Study on the Application of Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas for Heating Pottery and Purification of Pottery to Water

This article discussed the application of the catalytic combustion furnace based the combustion of lean natural gas-air mixtures in catalytic honeycomb monoliths for heating pottery and purification of pottery to water by means of theory and experiments. It was found that the pottery heated by the catalytic combustion furnace were more fine and glossy than that of conventional ones. The river water in experimental group was put in pottery. On the contrary, the river water in control group was put in porcelain. Put the same amount of water in pottery and porcelain respectively for three days. The result showed that the river water in experimental group is more transparent than that in control group.

Field of study: Engineering
Structural analysis of coniferyl alcohol 9-O-methyltransferase from Linum nodiflorum reveals a novel active-site environment.

Coniferyl alcohol 9-O-methyltransferase from Linum nodiflorum (Linaceae) catalyzes the unusual methylation of the side-chain hydroxyl group of coniferyl alcohol. The protein was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexahistidine derivative and purified for crystallization. Diffracting crystals were obtained of the pure protein and of its selenomethionine derivative, as well as of complexes with coniferyl alcohol and with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine together with coniferyl alcohol 9-O-methyl ether (PDB entries 4ems, 4e70 and 4evi, respectively). The X-ray structures show that the phenylpropanoid binding mode differs from other phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferases such as caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Moreover, the active site lacks the usually conserved and catalytic histidine residue and thus implies a different reaction mode for methylation. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to identify critical amino acids. The binding order of coniferyl alcohol and S-adenosyl-L-methionine was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry experiments.

Field of study: Chemistry
Applications of the Numerical Inversion of the Laplace transform to unsteady problems of the third grade fluid

In this article, we have effectively used the Numerical Inversion of Laplace transform to study some time dependent problems of the third grade fluid. To do so, we have considered three different types of unsteady flows of the third grade fluid, namely (a) Unsteady flow over a flat rigid plate with porous medium. (b) Unsteady MHD flow in a porous medium. (c) Unsteady MHD flow in a non-porous space with Hall currents. The solution to the governing equation in each case is obtained by using the standard Laplace transform. However, to transform the obtained solutions from Laplace space back to the original space, we have used the Numerical Inversion of the Laplace transform. Graphical results for each case have been presented to show the effects of different parameters involved and to show how the fluid flow evolves with time.

Field of study: Mathematics
Benthic extinction and recovery patterns at the K/T boundary in shallow water carbonates, Denmark

Benthic extinction at the K/T boundary in the Danish Basin is abrupt and indistinguishable from the termination of Maastrichtian White Chalk deposition. The Danian benthic fauna — already fully established in the earliest Danian nannoplankton zone NP1 — is essentially an impoverished Maastrichtian fauna established through direct survival or limited evolution within well-established clades, already present in the Maastrichtian of the Danish Basin. However, recovery of the early Danian community is initially retarded. The transition is illustrated in some detail for the locality, Nye Klov. Here the lower 2–3 m of Danian strata (corresponding largely to the lower NP1 subzone) contains an extremely impoverished, highly unusual, `dead zone' community dominated by bourgueticrinid crinoids associated with other presumed soft ground specialists and devoid of such important faunal elements as cyclostome bryozoans, brachiopods, calcitic bivalves, etc. Over the next metres the `dead zone' fauna is gradually replaced by more ordinary faunas, and about 6 m above the boundary the characteristic early Danian bryozoan limestone community is fully established.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Research on Application of BP Neural Networks in Vibration Fault Diagnosis of Hydroelectric Generating Set

This paper introduces the basic property of Artificial Neural Networks ANNthe BP model and its algorithm briefly ．On this basisthe author presents a method that BP neural network is used to diagnose the vibration fault of hydroelectric generating setand analyses the effects of the diagnosis system by using different parameters．the proposed method based on BP neural networks has high practical value in the vibration fault diagnosis of hydroelectric generating set．

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Clustering OWL Documents Based on Semantic Analysis

Clustering Ontology documents on the WWW or Semantic Web is an important task in the domain of Ontology research.OWL is a standard for representing and exchanging ontologies.This paper analyzes the semantics of Ontology documents and proposes a method for computing semantic similarity between Ontology documents.The method considers the inheritance of the objects and the representation of the complicated classes.It can be used in clustering the OWL documents built by person or tool.

Field of study: Computer science
Salt Lakes: a discussion of processes influencing palaeoenvironmental interpretation and recommendations for future study

The observed state of a salt-lake system reflects the interaction of groundwater, runoff, surface-water, porewater and sediments, aeolian transport, and chemical and biological reactions. These processes in turn affect the lacustrine biota, the sediment composition, deposition, diagenesis, deflation and re-deposition, and the geomorphic features of the salt lake. The interactive processes thereby control the deposition and preservation of the palaeoenvironmental record in salt lakes. Consequently, considerable understanding of these processes is required to recover palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental detail from the sedimentary record. During the recent SLEADS Workshop, participants recognized several key discipline research needs and herein make recommendations for future salt-lake research covering (1) hydrology and hydrochemistry, (2) geomorphology and stratigraphy, (3) mineralogy, isotopes and trace metals, and (4) biology.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Development and Assessment of Social and Emotional Competence Through Simulated Patient Consultations

To determine whether a quantitative tool could be used to measure social emotional competence and whether the development of social emotional competence through a pharmacy practicum course is possible.  First-year pharmacy students completed the Social Emotional Development Inventory (SED-I) online and then participated in a series of mock patient consultations on smoking cessation and nonprescription medication. Assessment. The 212 students enrolled in the course completed the SED-I. Evaluation of students’ performance in the clinical cases using a patient counseling assessment form showed that students’ social emotional competencies significantly improved. Observer ratings for “influence” and “connection” on the assessment form predicted student performance in the clinical cases.  Role-play exercises in which students engage in patient consultations can be used to develop social emotional competence in pharmacy students, and the SED-I and a patient counseling assessment form can be used to assess learning and improvement in this area.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Prostatein (or rat prostatic steroid binding protein) is a major autoantigen in experimental autoimmune prostatitis

Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is a disease that could be considered an experimental model of human non‐bacterial prostatitis. In this experimental model, male rats are intradermally immunized with a saline extract of male sex accessory glands (RAG) in an adequate adjuvant. The prostatitis observed in the immunized animals develops as a consequence of the immune response against RAG antigens, and the histological lesion is strikingly similar to the pattern of prostatic inflammation observed in the human disease. In this study, we purified one of the prostatic autoantigens recognized by the autoantibodies in our model. Amino acid sequence analysis identified the purified protein as prostatein or rat prostatic steroid binding protein, a member of the uteroglobin superfamily. Prostatein was recognized not only by the humoral autoimmune response, but also by the cellular autoimmune response. Certainly, the DTH response and lymph node cell proliferative assays against prostatein in immunized animals yielded positive results. Prostatein is not only the target of the autoimmune response in animals immunized with the whole extract, but also an inducing antigen of the disease. Purified prostatein, when incorporated to an adequate adjuvant, elicited cellular and humoral autoimmune response and lesion in the prostate gland. The identification of one of the target antigens in autoimmune prostatitis has provided a further refinement and characterization of our model, which could serve for a better understanding of the aetiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of non‐bacterial prostatitis.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Empirical Studies on Correlations between Lexical Knowledge and English Proficiency of Chinese EFL Learners in Mainland China over the Past Two Decades

Knowledge of English vocabulary contributes to the learner’s proficiency of English as a foreign language, but how the learner’s lexical knowledge behaves in the contribution. Researchers in mainland China have conducted studies of various kinds in order to find out how the learner’s lexical knowledge correlates with his proficiency. This article reviews the empirical studies on correlations between lexical knowledge and English proficiency over the past two decades. The correlations concerned in this review refer mainly to the relationships between lexical knowledge and the overall English proficiency, between the breadth and depth of lexical knowledge and the skills of listening, reading and writing in English as a foreign language.  correlation, empirical study, lexical knowledge, English proficiency, Chinese EFL learner

Field of study: Education
A DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD FOR DGPS RECEIVERS UNDER LINEAR PARALLEL-TRACKING APPLICATIONS

GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers have been widely used as position sensors in precision agriculture. Many GPS manufacturers report GPS accuracy using stationary test data. However, most agricultural applications, such as tillage, planting, spraying, and harvesting, in which GPS receivers are used under dynamic conditions, are mobile operations. In this study, we developed a method to evaluate the GPS dynamic position accuracy under linear parallel-tracking applications. It is proposed that the pass-to-pass accuracy is the most important criterion in evaluating a receiver's dynamic performance for those applications. Eight commercially available DGPS receivers were tested during the spring of 2002 under different dates, times of the day, and travel speeds. As examples of using the proposed method, the dynamic performance of these receivers was evaluated. It was found that the dynamic performance of a receiver was extremely variable from test to test. The cumulative frequency distribution of the pass-to-pass average error provided a good statistical measure of the GPS dynamic accuracy.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Therapeutic alliance and binge-eating outcomes in a group therapy context.

The therapeutic alliance in individual and group psychotherapy is associated with treatment outcomes for a variety of disorders. However, debate persists about the centrality of the alliance in determining positive outcomes. We examined the alliance-outcome relationship across 20 sessions of emotionally focused group therapy (EFGT) for binge-eating disorder (BED). We hypothesized that (1) previous session alliance increase will predict lower subsequent session binge eating level while controlling for previous session binge eating level; and (2) previous session binge eating decline will predict higher subsequent session alliance level while controlling previous session alliance level. Participants were 118 individuals with BED who received 20 sessions of EFGT in 8 groups. Levels of binge eating and therapeutic alliance to the therapist were measured weekly. Linear growth in alliance during group therapy was associated with reduced binge eating at 6 months' posttreatment. We also found that the group's and the individual's alliance scores and binge-eating episodes were significantly associated across treatment, suggesting a mutual influence of the group's and individual's experience of the alliance with the therapist. Regarding the first hypothesis, previous session alliance increase was significantly associated with lower subsequent session binge eating. Regarding the second hypothesis, previous session binge-eating decline was not significantly related to higher subsequent session alliance. The findings provide evidence in a group therapy context for a model in which alliance change influences subsequent symptom levels, but not the other way around.

Field of study: Psychology
Quantifying security risk level from CVSS estimates of frequency and impact

Modern society relies on and profits from well-balanced computerized systems. Each of these systems has a core mission such as the correct and safe operation of safety critical systems or innovative and effective operation of e-commerce systems. It might be said that the success of these systems depends on their mission. Although the concept of ''well-balanced'' has a slightly different meaning for each of these two categories of systems, both have to meet customer needs, deliver capabilities and functions according to expectations and generate revenue to sustain today's highly competitive market. Tighter financial constraints are forcing safety critical systems away from dedicated and expensive communication regimes, such as the ownership and operation of dedicated communication links, towards reliance on third parties and standardized means of communication. As a consequence, knowledge about their internal structures and operations is more widely and publicly available and this can make them more prone to security attacks. These systems are, therefore, moving towards a remotely exploitable environment and the risks associated with this must be controlled. Risk management is a good tool for controlling risk but it has the inherent challenge of quantitatively estimating frequency and impact in an accurate and trustworthy way. Quantifying the frequency and impact of potential security threats requires experience-based data which is limited and rarely reusable because it involves company confidential data. Therefore, there is a need for publicly available data sources that can be used in risk estimation. This paper presents a risk estimation model that makes use of one such data source, the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).  Estimation Model estimates a security risk level from vulnerability information as a combination of frequency and impact estimates derived from the CVSS. It is implemented as a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) topology, which allows not only the use of CVSS-based estimates but also the combination of disparate information sources and, thus, provides the ability to use whatever risk information that is available. The model is demonstrated using a safety- and mission-critical system for drilling operational support, the Measurement and Logging While Drilling (M/LWD) system.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Subcellular distribution of rRNA and poly(A) RNA in hippocampal neurons in culture.

In situ hybridization was used to assess the subcellular distribution of rRNA and poly(A) RNA in hippocampal neurons maintained in culture. Labeling produced with 35S-labeled probes to either rRNA or poly(A) was heaviest over the cell body with lighter, patchy labeling of proximal dendrites. In contrast, 3H-labeled probes labeled dendrites throughout their length, and the ratio of dendritic to cell body labeling was higher with 3H-labeled probes. There was no detectable labeling of axons of mature neurons with either probe. The pattern of hybridization produced by 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probes to rRNA varied depending on the concentration of the oligonucleotide. These studies provide the first detailed study of the subcellular distribution of rRNA and poly(A) RNA in neurons, and highlight technical issues to consider when evaluating results of hybridizations carried out with 35S- and 3H-labeled probes on cells in culture.

Field of study: Biology
Magnetite particles triggering a faster and more robust syntrophic pathway of methanogenic propionate degradation.

Interspecies electron transfer mechanisms between Bacteria and Archaea play a pivotal role during methanogenic degradation of organic matter in natural and engineered anaerobic ecosystems. Growing evidence suggests that in syntrophic communities electron transfer does not rely exclusively on the exchange of diffusible molecules and energy carriers such as hydrogen or formate, rather microorganisms have the capability to exchange metabolic electrons in a more direct manner. Here, we show that supplementation of micrometer-size magnetite (Fe3O4) particles to a methanogenic sludge enhanced (up to 33%) the methane production rate from propionate, a key intermediate in the anaerobic digestion of organic matter and a model substrate to study energy-limited syntrophic communities. The stimulatory effect most probably resulted from the establishment of a direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), based on magnetite particles serving as electron conduits between propionate-oxidizing acetogens and carbon dioxide-reducing methanogens. Theoretical calculations revealed that DIET allows electrons to be transferred among syntrophic partners at rates which are substantially higher than those attainable via interspecies H2 transfer. Besides the remarkable potential for improving anaerobic digestion, which is a proven biological strategy for renewable energy production, the herein described conduction-based DIET could also have a role in natural methane emissions from magnetite-rich soils and sediments.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Culture of Love: Victorians to Moderns (review)

categories in a hierarchical structure (history first). A similar set of assumptions seems to generate Franco Moretti's discussion of "The Crisis of the European Bildungsroman" as socially determined, though he recognizes genre as relatively autonomous and fully understands the controversial nature of his own materialist approach. Controversy, indeed, is acknowledged in the first essay's first words ("It is a battle-cry, a command, a whole program," says Norman Bryson about the claims of contextualizing art historians against their formalist colleagues), and controversy remains a presence throughout. With an increased sense of the discipline-specific nature of our work, and of the historically contingent and institutionally based nature of our disciplines, controversy seems an inevitable fact of our professional lives nowadays. The essays throughout this volume engage intelligently and provocatively with the conflicts of recent critical history, including two useful reconsiderations of the New Criticism (by Murray Krieger and R. K. Meiners). Such engagements both describe and enact current disputes. They are "studies in historical change" the way Shakespeare was in theaterÂ—subdued to what he worked in like the dyer's hand.

Field of study: Art
The Effects of Demecolcine, Alone or in Combination with Sucrose on Bovine Oocyte Protrusion Rate, MAPK1 Protein Level and C-Mos Gene Expression Level

Our study aims to clarify the effects of demecolcine, alone or in combination with sucrose on bovine oocyte protrusion rate, MAPK1 protein level and c-mos gene expression level.  The effects of the demecolcine concentration, treatment duration, and synergistic effects with sucrose solution on the rate of membrane protrusions of bovine oocytes were investigated. Using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence assays, the expression of the maternal c-mos gene, the protein level of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and the change in the localization of spindles and nuclei during the demecolcine treatment were analyzed in bovine oocytes.  Treatment of bovine oocytes with both demecolcine (0.6 μg/mL) and sucrose (0.05 M) for 1 h led to the highest rate of membrane protrusions, and synergistic effects were also observed. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the demecolcine treatment up-regulated the expression of the maternal c-mos gene. Western blot analysis indicated that the demecolcine treatment enhanced the protein level of MAPK1 in bovine oocytes. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the spindles and nuclei were localized at the place of the membrane protrusions.  The present results suggest that demecolcine might contribute to the activation of the Mos/MAPK pathway and affect spindle structure. These results provide a reference for more efficient generation of enucleated bovine oocytes.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Sustainability Development-Eco-revolutionary Paradigms from Binary to Continuum Constructs

Sustainable development and eco-revolution represent competing paradigms of progress, one emphasizing reform while the other emphasizes revolution with respect to an economy that is sustained by a restorative ecology. The first paradigm contends that a regenerative economy and restorative ecology are achievable only by a series of reforms while the second paradigm contends that the desired economy and ecology are achievable only via abrupt and decisive revolutionary change. This article argues that between the binary paradigmatic heuristic, there is a series or a parliament of possibilities between the two poles.

Field of study: Political science