nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Test of Transferring Temperature of Ductile and Embrittlement of Stainless Steel X10CrNiMoV12-2-2

The testing process and technology difficulties of ductile and embrittle transferring temperature of steam turbine blade of X10CrNiMoV12-2-2 were introduced,and the further analysis and discussion on testing data were carried out.The results show that the test date of FATT50 accords with the standard of ASTM A 370 and GB/T 229-1997.The impact power fast decreases with the decrease of temperature.

Field of study: Materials science
KINETICS OF p-XYLENE LIQUID PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION(III) CATALYST COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION

The catalyst system of cobalt,manganese and bromine was used in the process of p -xylene (PX) liquid phase oxidation. The catalysts exhibited a synergistic effect during reaction. To investigate the distinctive role of each catalyst component,a series of PX oxidation experiments in different catalyst conditions such as Co/Mn ratios,bromine and total catalyst concentrations were carried out. The fractional kinetic model was used to fit the data and the rate constant for each oxidation step was obtained. The result showed that,in the experimental conditions under consideration,there existed an optimum ratio of cobalt vs manganese (Co/Mn=1) and the process was more sensitive to the change of bromine concentration than that of cobalt or manganese.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
SU-E-T-79: A Study of the Effect of Clinical Tumor Volume Displacement On the Dosage of Post Modified Radical Mastectomy Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Plans for Left-Sided Breast Cancer

To explore the effect of clinical tumor volume (CTV) displacement on the dosage of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for left-sided breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy.  We created 2 sets of IMRT plans based on PTV0.5 and PTV0.7 (with CTV displacement of 0.5cm and 0.7cm respectively) for each of the ten consecutive left-sided breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy, and compared the difference in PTV coverage and organ at risk (OAR) sparing between the two groups. And then, we compared the difference in PTV coverage in IMRT plans based on PTV0.5 between the group with properly estimated CTV displacement (presuming the actual CTV displacement was 0.5cm) and the one with underestimated CTV displacement (presuming the actual CTV displacement was 0.7cm). The difference in results between the corresponding two groups was compared using paired-sample t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.  IMRT plans derived from PTV0.5 had more homogenous PTV coverage, and less heart, left lung, right breast, right lung, left humeral head and B-P radiation exposure, as well as less total Mu as compared with the ones stemmed from PTV0.7 (all p<0.05). IMRT plans with appropriate estimation of CTV displacement had better PTV coverage compared with the ones with underestimated CTV displacement (all p<0.01).  The IMRT plans with smaller CTV displacement in post modified radical mastectomy radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer has dosimetrical advantages over the ones with larger CTV displacement. Underestimation of CTV displacement can lead to significant reduction of PTV coverage. Individually quantifying and minimizing CTV displacement can significantly improve PTV coverage and OAR (including heart and left lung) sparing. This work was supported by the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Procvince (A2014455 to Changchun Ma)

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Finding and promoting a local conservation consensus
in a globally important tropical forest landscape

Can democratic processes favour conservation outcomes in the tropics? This study focuses on local viewpoints within a forested landscape of high conservation significance in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Stakeholders received posters displaying results from a previous study; these posters emphasised local priorities and views regarding local biodiversity. We assess local attitudes to this information, and consider some implications. Knowledge of, and agreement with, poster content increased among villagers, townspeople and civil servants after they received posters. All respondents appreciated the posters and all supported some form of forest conservation. All respondents agreed that biodiversity conservation and local views are vital in land-use planning. All agreed that logging companies need to be better controlled, while 80% consider them a “major environmental threat”. These results bolster our belief that involving communities is not only an ethically defensible way to achieve conservation outcomes, but also a pragmatic opportunity to do so.

Field of study: Environmental science
Unconsolidated sediments and topographic features of the Lower Yukon Valley

As geologist on the 1935 archeological expedition of Dr. Frederica de Laguna to the lower Yukon Valley, the writer enjoyed the opportunity to study the unconsolidated sediments and topographic features of the region. In order to direct the search for prehistoric habitations the Pleistocene and recent erosional and depositional activity of the Yukon was particularly investigated. The field work began at Nenana, but the trip down the Tanana River to Tanana Station was negotiated quickly and served chiefly to acquaint the writer with the nature of the problem. Systematic observation and sampling began first at Tanana Station. As the cut banks of the rivers furnish the best and commonly the only exposures of the unconsolidated deposits, the small river skiffs which conveyed the expedition provided convenient means of measuring, sampling, and tracing for long distances each conspicuous sediment type. Only occasionally did side trips lead farther away from the . . .

Field of study: Geology
Late Cenozoic records of eolian quartz flux in the Sea of Japan (ODP-Leg 128, Sites 798 and 799) and paleoclimate in Asia

The quartz content at Sites 798 and 799, as a proxy for eolian sediment supply, gives important informations about paleoclimate in Asia and the paleoenvironment of the Sea of Japan. Lower Pliocene sediments are characterized by rather unique, low quartz accumulation rates, which we attribute to equablee warm, humid climatic conditions. A dramatic shift to higher eolian sediment supply, represented in a distinct increase in quartz flux rates near the Gauss/Matuyama boundary, probably marks an increased aridification in Asia triggered by the development of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation near 2.5 Ma. Late Pliocene/Pleistocene sediments of Site 798 are characterized by short-term, Milankovitch-type changes in eolian quartz supply, probably reflecting glacial/interglacial arid/humid climatic cycles.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
High-energy magnetic Compton scattering experiments at ESRF.

Investigations of spin densities in ferromagnetic materials using magnetic Compton scattering are reported. At the high-energy beamline ID15 at the ESRF, experiments have been carried out utilizing the high flux at very high photon energies. Energies from 60 up to 1000 keV have been used for investigations of experimental resolution, cross section, spin moments and momentum distribution. Optimized conditions are found for photon energies from 200 to 250 keV with a momentum resolution < 0.4 a.u. and a doubled magnetic effect compared with earlier measurements. In the determination of absolute spin moments multiple scattering has to be taken into account.

Field of study: Physics
Existence of activated and memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and their skin infiltration in CD8 deficiency

CD8 deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by the defect of a tyrosine kinase, ZAP‐70, which transduces signals from the T cell receptor. We report here a case of CD8 deficiency, having CD4+ T cells with a unique phenotype. The patient's T cells did not respond to anti‐CD3 stimulation in vitro, suggesting that they were naive. However, many CD4+ T cells with activated and memory phenotypes, which expressed CD45RO+, HLA‐DR+ and CD25+, were present in the peripheral blood, and these cells accumulated in the perivascular area of his infiltrative erythematous skin lesions. The patient's T cells could be activated by a high concentration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), indicating the presence of an alternate signalling pathway which bypasses ZAP‐70 and activates CD4+ T cells in vivo. The origin and role of activated CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis involved in the skin lesions are discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
mTOR Signaling, Translational Control, and the Circadian Clock

Almost all cellular processes are regulated by the approximately 24 h rhythms that are endogenously driven by the circadian clock. mRNA translation, as the most energy consuming step in gene expression, is temporally controlled by circadian rhythms. Recent research has uncovered key mechanisms of translational control that are orchestrated by circadian rhythmicity and in turn feed back to the clock machinery to maintain robustness and accuracy of circadian timekeeping. Here I review recent progress in our understanding of translation control mechanisms in the circadian clock, focusing on a role for the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in modulating entrainment, synchronization and autonomous oscillation of circadian clocks. I also discuss the relevance of circadian mTOR functions in disease.

Field of study: Biology
[The preventive treatment of stroke in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy with a depressive syndrome].

We studied the clinical efficacy of cytoflavin in 30 patients (group 1) with I and II stages of discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) and a depressive syndrome associated with arterial hypertension. Cytoflavin was added to standard treatment intravenously in drops in dose 10 ml per 200 ml of 0,9% NaCl during 10 days and then in dose 2 tablets twice a day during 25 days. The control group (n=29 patients) received placebo. The treatment duration was 35 days but patients were followed up for 90 days with control visits at 5, 10, 20-35 and 65-90 days of treatment. After the treatment, there was the reduction of neurological symptoms and subjective disorders in patients of group 1. The improvement of attention concentration, reasoning and speech activity as well as the gradual restoration of memory were noted at 20-35 days. The positive impact of cytoflavin on depression was dependent on its severity. The effect was higher in mild depression, also, the treatment decreased the severity of depression from "moderate" or "severe' to "mild". Cytoflavin may be recommended for patients with DE and a depressive syndrome associated with arterial hypertension as a preventive medication from the progression of cerebrovascular pathology and development of stroke.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
MicroRNA-27a Promotes the Proliferation and Invasiveness of Colon Cancer Cells by Targeting SFRP1 through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) on the proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer cells through the Secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.  Colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 125 colon cancer patients, together with the HCEpic, HCT-116, HT-29, SW480 and SW620 cell lines, were prepared for this study. The transfected HCT-116 cells were divided into the miR-27a mimics, miR-27a-NC, anti-miR-27a, blank, Lv-SFRP1, Lv-NC, and miR-27a mimics + Lv-SFRP1 groups. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expressions of miR-27a and SFRP1 mRNA. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to examine the effect of miR-27a on SFRP1. Western blotting was used to measure the expressions of the SFRP1, β-catenin, GSK-3β, p-β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins. MTT, soft agar clone formation and Transwell chamber assays were performed to detect cell proliferation and invasion.  Compared with normal tissues and cells, colon cancer tissues and cells demonstrated significantly higher expression of miR-27a, but lower expressions of SFRP1 mRNA and protein. MiR-27a negatively regulated the expression of SFRP1 mRNA. SFRP1 was also found to be a target gene of miR-27a. In the miR-27a mimic group, the proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer cells were significantly increased, while the expressions of GSK-3 β and p-β-catenin were remarkably down-regulated; in contrast, the expressions of p-GSK-3β, -catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 were up-regulated. While the proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer cells in the anti-miR-27a and Lv-SFRP1 groups were decreased, the expressions of GSK-3β and p-β-catenin were elevated, and the expressions of p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 were decreased.  These findings indicated that miR-27a could promote the proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer cells by targeting SFRP1 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
The Importance of Assessing for Childhood Abuse and Lifetime PTSD in Bariatric Surgery Candidates

For bariatric surgery candidates, history of child abuse and PTSD may be under-recognized or under-reported at pre-surgical evaluation. On a range of clinically relevant factors, we studied 3045 candidates for bariatric surgery: (1) those with a history of childhood abuse compared to those without such history; and (2) among candidates with a history of abuse, those with a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD compared to those without that diagnosis. We compared them on current and lifetime eating disorders, physical health problems, health behaviors, physical functioning, psychosocial functioning, psychiatric disorders, emotional wellness, body satisfaction, and self-esteem. We hypothesized that patients with a history of childhood abuse, and within that group, those with a lifetime PTSD diagnosis, would display greater overall impairment. Patients were interviewed with semi-structured interviews and completed self-report questionnaires. Results showed that (1) patients with a history of childhood abuse exhibited significantly greater impairment than those without abuse; and (2) among candidates with a history of abuse, those with a lifetime history of PTSD displayed significantly greater impairment than those without a PTSD diagnosis. The findings suggest that a history of both childhood abuse and lifetime PTSD should be thoroughly assessed for at pre-surgical evaluation, and that greater attention be paid to the experience of PTSD symptoms in abuse survivors presenting for bariatric surgery.

Field of study: Psychology
An Investigation on the Comprehensive Property Assessment and Future Directions of Single Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Fabricated by a Non-Woven Paving and Advanced Molding Process

The demand for eco-friendly renewable natural fibers has grown in recent years. In this study, a series of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with single bamboo fibers (SBFs), prepared by non-woven paving and a hot-pressing process, were investigated. The influence of the content of SBF on impact strength, flexural strength, and water resistance was analyzed. The properties of the composites were greatly affected by the SBF content. Impact strength increased as SBF content increased. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity show an optimum value, with SBF contents of 40% and 50%, respectively. The surface morphology of the fractured surfaces of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The composites showed poor interfacial compatibility. The water resistance indicates that the composites with higher SBF contents have higher values of water absorption and thickness swelling, due to the hydrophilicity of the bamboo fibers. The thermal properties of the composites were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis and by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites was gradually reduced, due to the poor thermal stability of SBFs. In the composites, the maximum decomposition temperature corresponding to SBF shows an increasing trend. However, the maximum decomposition temperature of polypropylene was not influenced by SBF content. The melting point of the polypropylene in the composites was lower relative to pure polypropylene, although it was not affected by increasing SBF content.

Field of study: Materials science
Monitoring population dynamics of the thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis CCMI 1034 in batch and continuous cultures using multi-parameter flow cytometry.

Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to monitor the population dynamics of Bacillus licheniformis continuous cultivations and the physiological responses to a starvation period and a glucose pulse. Using a mixture of two specific fluorescent stains, DiOC6(3) (3,3'-dihexylocarbocyanine iodide), and PI (propidium iodide), flow cytometric analysis revealed cell physiological heterogeneity. Four sub-populations of cells could be easily identified based on their differential fluorescent staining, these correspond to healthy cells (A) stained with DiOC6(3); cells or spores with a depolarised cytoplasmic membrane (B), no staining; cells with a permeabilised depolarised cytoplasmic membrane (C), stained with PI; and permeablised cells with a disrupted cytoplasmic membrane 'ghost cells' (D), stained with both DiOC6(3) and PI. Transmission electron micrographs of cells starved of energy showed different cell lysis process stages, highlighting 'ghost cells' which were associated with the double stained sub-population. It was shown, at the individual cell level, that there was a progressive inherent fluctuation in physiological heterogeneity in response to changing environmental conditions. All four sub-populations were shown to be present during glucose-limited continuous cultures, revealing a higher physiological stress level when compared with a glucose pulsed batch. A starvation period (batch without additional nutrients) increased the number of cells in certain sub-populations (cells with depolarised cytoplasmic membranes and cells with permeabilised depolarised cytoplasmic membranes), indicating that such stress may be caused by glucose limitation. Such information could be used to enhance process efficiency.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Evidence for a prolonged retroflection of the North Brazil Current during glacial stages

The importance of the role played by the tropics in driving and propagating climate change between hemispheres has long been the focus of attention in a bid to evaluate ocean-atmosphere interactions on glacial-interglacial timescales. The Amazon Fan and Ceara Rise in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean lie directly in the flowpath of the North Brazil Current (NBC) which, as a conduit for the cross-equatorial transport of heat and salinity, is a key component for the heat budget of the North Atlantic. Mg/Ca palaeothermometry and stable oxygen isotope analysis of planktonic foraminifera sampled from 15 sites across the Amazon Fan and Ceara Rise reveal variations in oceanic surface currents and of the dispersal of freshwater from the River Amazon over five timeslices (modern; early Holocene; Younger Dryas; Late Glacial and Marine Isotope Stage 3). Sea surface temperature reconstructions reveal progressive climatic amelioration over the last similar to 30 ka, indicating a temperature increase of similar to 3.2 +/- 1.1 degrees C since the Late Glacial. In conjunction with this warming, values of Delta delta O-18, a proxy for water column stratification indicates increased vertical mixing of the glacial ocean. The spatial distribution of values of delta(18)w (the isotopic composition of ambient seawater) is used to infer surface current variations and demonstrates an oceanward shift in the river outflow plume in cold climates representing a prolongation or possibly permanent continuation in the duration of the seasonal retroflection of the NBC causing the curtailment of cross-equatorial transport. A prolongation of this retroflection could have resulted from a mean southward migration of the southern boundary of the ITCZ.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Discrimination of methadone and cocaine by pigeons without explicit discrimination training.

Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and saline were administered prior to 20-min extinction sessions separated by at least four training sessions. Rate of pecking during these extinction tests was generally an increasing function of dose, with the lowest rates obtained following saline and low doses and the highest rates obtained following doses near the training doses. Dose functions from pigeons trained with 5.6 mg/kg cocaine were steeper than those from pigeons trained with 3.0 mg/kg cocaine. Pigeons trained with methadone or 3.0 mg/kg cocaine were then given discrimination training, in which food reinforcement followed drug administration and 20-min extinction sessions followed saline administration. Rates of pecking under these conditions quickly diverged until near-zero rates were obtained following saline and high rates were obtained following drug. Discrimination training steepened dose functions for the training drugs, and the effects of several other substituted drugs depended on the pharmacology of the training drug. The pigeons trained with 5.6 mg/kg cocaine were tested with d-amphetamine, methadone, and morphine prior to discrimination training. d-Amphetamine increased rates dose dependently, and methadone and morphine did not. The results suggest that discriminative control by methadone and cocaine was established without explicit discrimination training.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology