nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Effects of Recognition Instructions and Subliminal Priming on Recognition Performance

The hypothesis that spontaneous trait inferences occur during encoding of behavioral descriptions was examined. Subjects studied sentences describing actors performing some action that implied a certain personality trait. For the explicit sentences, the trait implied by the action was explicitly stated, whereas for the implicit sentences, the trait was not stated. Subjects were assigned to either the memory or the impression formation condition. In Experiment I a change from fact to inference recognition instructions increased recognition accuracy for implicit trait items under the impression condition but decreased accuracy under the memory condition. In Experiment 2 subliminal presentation of relevant trait primes decreased recognition accuracy for implicit trait items but only under the impression condition. These data suggest that spontaneous trait inferences occur infrequently if at all during the encoding of behavioral descriptions.

Field of study: Psychology
The effect of expansion of the shell model space on the structure of the mass-15 nuclei

The structure of the natural and unnatural parity states of the15N-15O mirror pair, as well as theT=3/2 analogue states of15C, is discussed in terms of shell model calculations with a modified surface delta two-body interaction. The inert core is recomposed from4He to12C and the configuration space is systematically expanded to allow for an increasing number of particle excitations from the 1p into the 2s-1d shell. The relative importance of the 2s 1/2, 1d 5/2 and 1d 3/2 orbitals are evaluated. Some electromagnetic properties of levels are also calculated.

Field of study: Physics
From Rhetoric to Reality in Science: Between Little Rock and a Hard Place

As Bill Clinton makes the transition from candidate to president, he confronts the job of transforming campaign rhetoric to the reality of political compromise and budgetary constraint. Discussed in this article are Mr. Clinton's campaign promises related to funding for national laboratories, defense, and secondary education. Also discussed are Vice President Gore's views toward environmental cleanup and protection. Speculation is made of President Clinton's budget plans and Cabinet-level appointments.

Field of study: Physics
Antimicrobial effect of Baccaurea angulata fruit extracts against human pathogenic microorganisms

The application and research for drugs and food supplements derived from plants extracts have increased 
in recent years. Plants extract and their constituents are recognized to be safe, either because of their traditional use without any documented detrimental impact or because of dedicated toxicological studies. The potential of higher plants as a source for new drugs is largely unexplored. Although hundreds of plant species have been tested for antimicrobial properties, the vast majority of medicinal plants have not been adequately evaluated. And an increasing number of pathogens are left off treatment, due to emergent resistance strains. Thus, a systematic investigation was undertaken to screen for antibacterial activity from Baccaurea angulata (BA). The Baccaurea angulata belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Plant that belongs to the family is used as food as well as treatment of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, skin infections and gonorrhoea. The anti-microbial activity of the BA fruit extracts havee revealed different antimicrobial properties, that are various between three parts (whole fruit, fruit skin, and berry), three solvents (methanol, ethanol and aqueous), different methods (agar well diffusion, and microdilution method) and differently listed pathogens (Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The highest observed antimicrobial activity was in ethanol extract of fruit skin using agar well diffusion against S. pneumonia. Among tested Gram negative bacteria K. pneumoniae was the most susceptible bacterium which showed the highest bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity using microdilution method.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
MicroRNA-214 Suppresses Ovarian Cancer by Targeting β-Catenin

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies with a high rate of mortality in women. However, current therapies for ovarian cancer treatment are ineffective. Therefore, novel target identification is an urgent requisite. The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-214 (miR-214) in ovarian cancer.  The expression of miR-214, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc, and TCF-1 at the transcriptional level was measured by real-time PCR, while that of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc at the protein level were detected by western blot. Colony formation assay and transwell assay were used to explore the invasion ability of the cancer cells. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.  Real-time PCR showed that miR-214 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines was lower than that in the human normal ovarian epithelial cells, IOSE80. Furthermore, the low expression of miR-214 was correlated with high pathological grade. The rate of colony formation and invasion of miR-214 overexpression in SKOV-3 cells were weaker than that in control cells. Moreover, miR-214 overexpression led to the G0/G1 phase arrest. The expression of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc was suppressed by the overexpression of miR-214.  These results suggested that miR-214 may serve as a tumor suppressor of ovarian cancer by targeting the β-catenin pathway.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Reconsidering the Revolution? Australian Public Sector Administration in 2000

While the year 2000 was memorable for public administration in Australia it was notable mainly for the unexpected. Success occurred where risk and failure were predicted. Failure emerged where success had been talked-up. Notable examples include the so-called Y2K problem, management of the Olympic Games, the introduction of the GST, and the outsourcing of government services (especially Information Technology (IT)). Also memorable were important shifts in the policy fields of defence and welfare. The Howard government ended the year in decision-making and largese mode—setting the agenda for the following election year. The events of 2000 invite reconsideration of the merits of the traditional bureaucratic model and those of the emerging post bureaucratic models of service provision.

Field of study: Political science
Sci-Sat AM: Radiation Dosimetry and Practical Therapy Solutions - 12: Suitability of plan class specific reference fields for estimating dosimeter correction factors for small clinical CyberKnife fields

The purpose of this work is to investigate the utility of plan class specific reference (PCSR) fields for predicting dosimeter response within isocentric and non-isocentric composite clinical fields using the smallest fields employed by the CyberKnife radiosurgery system. 
 
 
Monte Carlo dosimeter response correction factors (CFs) were calculated for a plastic scintillator and microchamber dosimeter in 21 clinical fields and 9 candidate plan-class PCSR fields which employ the 5, 7.5 and 10 mm diameter collimators. Measurements were performed in 5 PCSR fields to confirm the predicted relative response of detectors in the same field. 
 
 
Ratios of corrected measured dose in the PCSR fields agree to within 1% of unity. Calculated CFs for isocentric fields agree within 1.5% of those for PCSR fields. Large and variable microchamber CFs are required for non-isocentric fields, with differences as high as 5% between different clinical fields in the same plan class and 4% within the same field depending on the point of measurement. Non-isocentric PCSR fields constructed to have relatively homogenous dose over a region larger than the detector have very different ion chamber CFs from clinical fields. The plastic scintillator detector has much more consistent response within each plan class but still require 3–4% corrections in some fields. 
 
 
While the PCSR field concept is useful for small isocentric fields, this approach may not be appropriate for non-isocentric clinical fields which exhibit large and variable ion chamber CFs which differ significantly from CFs for homogenous field PCSRs.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Isospin effects and symmetry energy studies with INDRA

The equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is still controversial, as predictions at subsaturation as well as above normal density widely diverge. We discuss several experimental results measured in heavy-ion collisions with the INDRA array in the incident energy range 5-80A MeV. In particular an estimate of the density dependence of the symmetry energy is derived from isospin diffusion results compared with a transport code: the potential part of the symmetry energy linearly increases with the density. We demonstrate that isospin equilibrium is reached in mid-central collisions for the two reactions Ni+Au at 52A MeV and Xe + Sn at 32A MeV. New possible variables and an improved modelization to investigate symmetry energy are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
A domain-specific language for context modeling in context-aware systems

Context-awareness refers to systems that can both sense and react based on their environment. One of the main difficulties that developers of context-aware systems must tackle is how to manage the needed context information. In this paper we present MLContext, a textual Domain-Specific Language (DSL) which is specially tailored for modeling context information. It has been implemented by applying Model-Driven Development (MDD) techniques to automatically generate software artifacts from context models. The MLContext abstract syntax has been defined as a metamodel, and model-to text transformations have been written to generate the desired software artifacts. The concrete syntax has been defined with the EMFText tool, which generates an editor and model injector. MLContext has been designed to provide a high-level abstraction, to be easy to learn, and to promote reuse of context models. A domain analysis has been applied to elicit the requirements and design choices to be taken into account in creating the DSL. As a proof of concept of the proposal, the generative approach has been applied to two different middleware platforms for context management.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Etnogenesis mapuche: resistencia y restructuracion entre los indigenas del centro-sur de Chile (siglos XVI-XVIII)

Tanto la historia de los grupos indigenas que vivian en las mairgenes del imperio espaniol en el Nuevo Mundo como los procesos de interacciones socioculturales mediante las cuales surgian nuevos sujetos en el transcurso del periodo colonial han sido poco estudiados. Grupos "sin Rey, sin fe, sin ley", los "bairbaros" de las fronteras de la civilizacion (entre otros los mapuche o araucanos, los wayui o guajiros, y los chiriguano) fueron percibidos como entidades sin historia; y la resistencia que opusieron al invasor durante may's de tres siglos tendia a confirmar el caracter inestable de su mentalidad y organization social. Ubicados en las fronteras de la civilizacion, los guerreros amerindios fueron tambien relegados a las margenes de la historia. Sin embargo, desde algunos afios nuevas perspectives de investigation y aproximaciones teoricas, asi como la colaboracion fecunda entre la historia y la antropologia, han despertado un nuevo interest por el estudio de esas fronteras guerreras. Hay varias razones para este interest: primero, porque el anailisis pormenorizado de los mecanismos sociopolifticos y guerreros de los grupos fronterizos permite resolver el problema de su tan enigmaitica resistencia; segundo, porque el estudio de la dinaimica fronteriza aporta nuevas luces sobre la politica expansionist espafiola y sobre el funcionamiento del estado colonial; y, finalmente, porque esas zonas fronterizas-en el seno de las cuales circulaban individuos, ideas y objetos-constituyen un inmenso "laboratorio"

Field of study: History
Optimization of Forming Process for Sheet Metal Multi-objective Based on GS Theory and GA-BP Network

In sheet metal forming process,with being much greater volatility for the forming processing parameters,it is possible to arise the quality defects of parts.At present a robust optimization design method for sheet metal multi-objective forming was suggested based on the GS theory and GA-BP network.The automotive back rail was selected as an example,and seven factors affecting the forming quality and three goal evaluation functions were determined.The correlations of sample data were obtained by orthogonal test design combined with the FEM.Finally,the main influence factor BHF is found by range analysis of the correlations.The response surface composed of the BHF-μ from 350 kN to 450 kN is established by GA-BP network which is constructed by test data.At the same time,the optimal range of the BFH and the best combination of metal forming process parameters are selected.Applications prove that the method is effective for reliability design of sheet metal forming process.

Field of study: Materials science
Estilo de vida, nível habitual de atividade física e percepção de auto-eficácia de adolescentes - DOI: 10.4025/reveducfis.v20i2.6413

The aim of this study was to investigate the lifestyle, level of physical activity and self-efficacy perception of adolescents. 316 students of Federal Technological Education Centers at Santa Catarina have participated of this study. Three instruments were used. It was observed that boys (68.2%) showed be more active than girls (44.0%; p=0,001). Boys have shown superior self-efficacy than girls (p=0,004); however, actives boys and girls have perceived similar levels of self-efficacy. Active adolescents have shown better lifestyle indicators than sedentary ones (boys: p=0,006 and girls: p=0,006). Adolescents with high self-efficacy have shown better lifestyle than those with small self-efficacy (p=0,002). Having observed that active adolescents have better lifestyle, we may suggest that this behavior allied with a better self-efficacy perception are important in promoting of healthy life habits.

Field of study: Education
Differences between infiltration of mononuclear-macrophages and neutrophils during Leptospira interrogans infection and underlying mechanisms

To understand the differences between infiltration of mononuclear-macrophages and neutrophils during Leptospira interrogans (L.interrogans) infection and the underlying mechanisms. 
 
 
 
Histological changes in mouse lung, liver and kidney tissues were detected using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining following infection of C3H/HeJ mice with L.interrogans serovar Lai strain 56601. Infiltration of peripheral blood-derived CD11b+ mononuclear-macrophages and Ly6G+ neutrophils in lung, liver and kidney tissues collected form L.interrogans-infected C3H/HeJ mice was detected with immunohistochemistry. Levels of mononuclear-macrophage chemokines and neutrophil chemokines in serum samples of L.interrogans-infected mice were detected with chemokine detection microarray. 
 
 
 
Lung, liver and kidney tissue samples collected from L.interrogans-infected C3H/HeJ mice presented typical histopathological changes of leptospirosis, such as inflammatory cell infiltration in these tissues, pulmonary hemorrhage, extensive hepatocyte necrosis and serious nephrohemia. Results of immunohistochemical staining showed that a large number of peripheral blood-derived CD11b+ mononuclear-macrophages were presented in lung, liver and kidney tissues of L.interrogans-infected mice, but few neutrophils could be found in these tissues. The mouse chemokine detection microarray confirmed that the levels of mononuclear-macrophage chemokines (I-309, MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1α and RANTES) in serum samples of L.interrogans-infected C3H/HeJ mice were significantly increased during infection (P 0.05). 
 
 
 
Mononuclear-macrophages rather than neutrophils are the major infiltrating phagocytes during L.interrogans infection and play a crucial role in the elimination of Leptospira invasion. 
 
 
 
Leptospira interrogans; Mononuclear-macrophage; Neutrophil; Infiltration; Chemokine

Field of study: Biology
White poplar (Populus alba) as a biomonitor of trace elements in contaminated riparian forests.

Trees can be used to monitor the level of pollution of trace elements in the soil and atmosphere. In this paper, we surveyed the content of eight trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in leaves and stems of white poplar (Populus alba) trees. We selected 25 trees in the riparian forest of the Guadiamar River (S. Spain), one year after this area was contaminated by a mine spill, and 10 trees in non-affected sites. The spill-affected soils had significantly higher levels of available cadmium (mean of 1.25 mg kg(-1)), zinc (117 mg kg(-1)), lead (63.3 mg kg(-1)), copper (58.0 mg kg(-1)) and arsenic (1.70 mg kg(-1)), than non-affected sites. The concentration of trace element in poplar leaves was positively and significantly correlated with the soil availability for cadmium and zinc, and to a lesser extent for arsenic (log-log relationship). Thus, poplar leaves could be used as biomonitors for soil pollution of Cd and Zn, and moderately for As.

Field of study: Environmental science
Water in nonaqueous solvents

The possibility and usefulness of sinple liquid models is reported. The importance of van der Waals forces for liquid water and aqueous solutions is discussed and compared with the solubility of water in nonpolar solvents and as well as of nonpolar solvents in water. Both systems could be understood as equilibrium of few water monomers. The network of H-bonded water molecules seems to be less important for both effects. This conclusion would disagree with the cluster model of liquid water. The polarization of OH groups by unpolar solvents is demonstrated. The carrier effect of polar molecules for the solubility of water in nonpolar solvents is studied with the polyethylenoxides. The change of water solubility in organic phases by changes of the water activity by other solutes is reported. As example for the cooperativity effect of water H-bonds the influence of different cations on the interaction between water and aprotic solvents is studied. This gives a view on the role of water and its cooperativity on biochemical structures.

Field of study: Chemistry
A rationale-based architecture model for design traceability and reasoning

Large systems often have a long life-span and comprise many intricately related elements. The verification and maintenance of these systems require a good understanding of their architecture design. Design rationale can support such understanding but it is often undocumented or unstructured. The absence of design rationale makes it much more difficult to detect inconsistencies, omissions and conflicts in an architecture design. We address these issues by introducing a rationale-based architecture model that incorporates design rationale, design objects and their relationships. This model provides reasoning support to explain why design objects exist and what assumptions and constraints they depend on. Based on this model, we apply traceability techniques for change impact analysis and root-cause analysis, thereby allowing software architects to better understand and reason about an architecture design. In order to align closely with industry practices, we choose to represent the rationale-based architecture model in UML. We have implemented a tool-set to support the capture and the automated tracing of the model. As a case study, we apply this approach to an real-world electronic payment system.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Fractional orbital occupation of spin and charge in artificial atoms

We present results on spin and charge correlations in two-dimensional quantum dots as a function of increasing Coulomb strength (dielectric constant). We look specifically at the orbital occupation of both spin and charge. We find that charge and spin evolve separately, especially at low Coulomb strength. For the charge, we find that a hole develops in the core orbitals at strong Coulomb repulsion, invalidating the common segregation of confined electrons into an inert core and active valence electrons. For excitations, we find a total spin-projection Sz = –1/2 breaks apart into separate occupations of net positive and negative spin. This dissociation is caused by spin correlations alone. Quantum fluctuations arising from long-range Coulomb repulsion destroy the spin dissociation and eventually results in all orbitals carrying a negative spin.

Field of study: Physics
Comparison of Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology, Touch Imprint Cytology and Bone Marrow Biopsy for Bone Marrow Evaluation at a Tertiary Health Care Institute

Bone marrow is one of the most widely distributed organs in the body which contains hematopoetic cells as red marrow and adipose tissue as yellow marrow. It produces cellular components of blood like red cells, white cells and platelets1. Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology (BMA), Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB) and Bone Marrow Imprint (BMI) (TOUCH IMPRINT) cytology are the methods to examine bone marrow. Cytological picture is given by BMA and BMI however cellularity is less in BMI while cytological picture and architecture is better studied by BMB. For studying marrow cellularity examination of core biopsy is the gold standard2. Bone marrow examination is useful investigation in diagnosis and staging of several haematological diseases, for assessment of overall bone marrow cellularity and morphology, even for diagnosing, non haematological disorders and unexplained abnormalities of any peripheral blood cell type3. Comparison of Bone Marrow Aspiration Cytology, Touch Imprint Cytology and Bone Marrow Biopsy for Bone Marrow Evaluation at a Tertiary Health Care Institute

Field of study: Medicine
Interleukin 2 inhibitor in synovial fluid.

Since evidence for the presence of IL-2 activity in rheumatoid synovial fluid is conflicting, we have assayed IL-2 activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other articular diseases (OAD). Using the IL-2-dependent murine T cell line CTLL, IL-2 activity was not demonstrable in synovial fluid tested at concentrations ranging from 50% to 0.02%. There was an inhibitory effect on IL-2 activity in the bioassay of synovial fluid from 16 of the 22 patients with RA and 15 of the 16 with OAD. This inhibitory activity was heat-labile, precipitable by ammonium sulphate, reversible with excess IL-2 and was not significantly altered by preincubation of synovial fluid with CTLL. The mean inhibitory activity of synovial fluid from patients with RA was significantly reduced in comparison with that of synovial fluid from patients with OAD. Sera also had an inhibitory effect on IL-2 activity; however sera from patients with RA were less inhibitory than control sera but were more inhibitory than sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The deficiency in synovial fluid of an inhibitor of IL-2 activity may be relevant to the pathogenesis of RA.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
FPGA Curved Track Fitters and a Multiplierless Fitter Scheme

The standard least-squares curved track fitting process is tailored for FPGA implementation so that only integer multiplications and additions are needed. To further eliminate multiplication, coefficients in the fitting matrices are carefully chosen so that only shift and accumulation operations are used in the process. Comparison in an example application shows that the fitting errors of the multiplierless implementation are less than 4% bigger than the fitting errors of the exact least-squares algorithm. The implementation is suitable for low-cost, low-power applications in high energy physics detector trigger systems.

Field of study: Physics