nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Family and Work: Implications of Adult Attachment Styles

This study examined the role of adult attachment style in meeting the challenges of both work and family roles for parents of young children. Theory suggests that secure attachment provides a basis for successful negotiation of issues of intimacy and exploration—for adults, family, and work. Using a large sample of adults in committed relationships, studied longitudinally, we assessed satisfaction with work, satisfaction with family, stress, and role overload. Results indicated that most parents, particularly those with secure attachment styles, are able to function in multiple domains successfully. However, women and men with fearful attachment styles, characterized by views that the self is unlovable and others are untrustworthy, have marked difficulty in many family domains and some work domains. Functioning of parents with dismissing and preoccupied attachment styles fell between that of secure and fearful.

Field of study: Psychology
High loop rate adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope with structured illumination capability.

The design and performance of an adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope (AO-FIO) platform, based on eye motion and dynamic aberrations experimental analysis, are described. The system incorporates a custom-built real-time controller, enabling up to 70 Hz loop rate without jitter, and an AO-corrected illumination capable of projecting high-resolution features in the retina. Wide-field (2.7°×5.4°) and distortionless images from vessel walls, capillaries, and the lamina cribrosa are obtained with an enhanced contrast and signal-to-noise ratio, thanks to careful control of AO parameters. The high spatial and temporal resolution (image acquisition up to 200 Hz) performance achieved by this platform enables the visualization of vessel deformation and blood flow. This system opens up the prospect of a return to favor of flood illumination adaptive optics systems provided that its high pixel rate and structured illumination capabilities are exploited.

Field of study: Physics
Bond Strength of Metallic or Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets to Enamel, Acrylic, or Porcelain Surfaces

Bonding strategies within different brackets and dental materials are still a challenge concerning adhesion and dental surface damage. This study compared the shear and tensile bond strength of orthodontic ceramic and metallic brackets to enamel, acrylic, and ceramic surfaces after thermal cycling. Dental surfaces were divided into three groups: enamel, ceramic, and acrylic. Each group received stainless-steel and ceramic brackets. After thermal cycling, specimens were randomly divided into two subgroups considering tensile (TBS) or shear bond strength (SBS) test. After the mechanical testing, scanning electron and optical microscopy were performed, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined. The two-way ANOVA full factorial design was used to compare TBS, SBS, and ARI on the surface and bracket type (α = 0.05). There were significant differences in TBS, SBS, and ARI values per surface (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009) and type of bracket (p = 0.025 and p = 0.001). The highest mean SBS values were recorded for a ceramic bracket bonded to an acrylic surface (8.4 ± 2.3 MPa). For TBS, a ceramic bracket bonded to acrylic showed the worst performance (5.2 ± 1.8 MPa) and the highest values were found on a metallic bracket bonded to enamel. The adhesion of metallic or ceramic brackets is enough for clinical practice although the damage of the enamel surface after debonding is irreversible and harmful for the aesthetic outcome of the teeth.

Field of study: Materials science
Petrology and age of volcanic-arc rocks from the continental margin of the Bering Sea: implications for Early Eocene relocation of plate boundaries

Eocene volcanic flow and dike rocks from the Beringian margin have arc characteristics, implying a convergent history for this region during the early Tertiary. The extrusive rocks are basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, and minor dacite and rhyolite. The intrusive sample is from a quartz diorite dike intruding serpentinized peridotite. Major-element oxide contents, particularly FeO*/MgO versus SiO2, identify both tholeiitic and calc-alkalic basalt; more silicic lavas have calc-alkalic affinities. Consistent with volcanic-arc compositions, spidergrams show pronounced Nb–Ta depletion and alkali enrichment relative to light-rare-earth-element (LREE) abundance. Chondrite-normalized REE plots show relatively flat patterns, with only slight LREE enrichment for tholeiitic compositions and greater LREE enrichment and lower heavy-rare-earth-element (HREE) abundance for calc-alkalic compositions. The samples, particularly those with calc-alkalic compositions, are rich in plagioclase that is strongly zoned; the mo...

Field of study: Environmental science
Hierarchical Functional Encryption

Functional encryption provides fine-grained access control for encrypted data, allowing each user to learn only specific functions of the encrypted data. We study the notion of hierarchical functional encryption, which augments functional encryption with delegation capabilities, offering significantly more expressive access control. 
 
We present a generic transformation that converts any general-purpose public-key functional encryption scheme into a hierarchical one without relying on any additional assumptions. This significantly refines our understanding of the power of functional encryption, showing that the existence of functional encryption is equivalent to that of its hierarchical generalization. 
 
Instantiating our transformation with the existing functional encryption schemes yields a variety of hierarchical schemes offering various trade-offs between their delegation capabilities (i.e., the depth and width of their hierarchical structures) and underlying assumptions. When starting with a scheme secure against an unbounded number of collusions, we can support arbitrary hierarchical structures. In addition, even when starting with schemes that are secure against a bounded number of collusions (which are known to exist under rather minimal assumptions such as the existence of public-key encryption and shallow pseudorandom generators), we can support hierarchical structures of bounded depth and width.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Colonization and Education: Exploring the Legacy of Local Elites in Korea

In this article we examine the impact of pre‐colonial educated elites and colonization on modernization. Using the case of Joseon, as Korea was known before being colonized by Japan in 1910, we investigate how the civil exam system and scholarly traditions, as well as the provision of public schools under Japanese colonial rule, influenced levels of literacy in the colony. We introduce novel data from Joseon's historical court examination archives, colonial education records, and censuses dating back to 1930. Our findings suggest that the spread of Korean literacy during the early colonial period was strongly correlated with the historical presence of civil exam passers from the Joseon Dynasty. Regions with a greater presence of educated elites later had higher numbers of Korean teachers, as well as more private schools established as alternatives to the colonial public schools.

Field of study: Economics, History
The Tacit Knowledge transfer of Transnational Corporation

Knowledge is the essential source of enterprise competitive predominance. As the changes of the enterprise environment, the multinational corporation will pay more attention to the effective flow of knowledge and internal integration. But the cross-border transfer of the knowledge has many obstacles, especially the tacit knowledge sharing. As viewed from the tacit knowledge characteristic, it is demonstrated that the human communication is the effective method to promote tacit knowledge.

Field of study: Business
Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq Reveals Distinct Expression Profiling in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Jimai 23 Responding to Powdery Mildew

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most destructive fungal diseases threatening global wheat production. Host resistance is well known to be the most efficient method to control this disease. However, the molecular mechanism of wheat powdery mildew resistance (Pm) is still unclear. To analyze the molecular mechanism of Pm, we used the resistant wheat cultivar Jimai 23 to investigate its potential resistance components and profiled its expression in response to powdery mildew infection using bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq). We showed that the Pm of Jimai 23 was provided by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmJM23, and assigned it to the documented Pm2 region of chromosome 5DS. 3,816 consistently different SNPs were called between resistant and susceptible parents and the bulked pools derived from the combinations between the resistant parent Jimai23 and the susceptible parent Tainong18. 58 of the SNPs were assigned to the candidate region of PmJM23. Subsequently, 3,803 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between parents and bulks were analyzed by GO, COG and KEGG pathway enrichment. The temporal expression patterns of associated genes following Bgt inoculation were further determined by RT-qPCR. Expression of six disease-related genes was investigated during Bgt infection and might serve as valuable genetic resources for the improvement of durable resistance to Bgt.

Field of study: Biology
Soil crusts and cotton emergence relationships.

FORMED soil crusts annually necessitate the replanting of thousands of hectares of cotton. Therefore, we studied the relationships of cotton emergence characteristics and soil-crust strength (penetrometer resistance), and the relative crust-breaking efficiencies of two mechanical devices. As penetrometer resistance increased, mean emergence date was delayed, emergence percentage was decreased, emergence rate index was reduced, and seedling hypocotyl diameter was increased. The rotary hoe was superior to the small-disk device only when the crust-breaking operation was delayed until some seedlings had already emerged.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Characteristics of MIS capacitors based on multilayer TiO2–Ta2O5 structures

We report electrical characteristics of multilayer TiO2–T2O5 based MIS structures obtained by simple electron beam evaporation and annealed in an O2 environment. We describe parameter dependence on annealing conditions and demonstrate an equivalent SiO2 thickness of 3 nm with a leakage current density of 10−7 A/cm2 at an electric field of 106 V/cm.

Field of study: Engineering
Sustainable Regional Economic Development

Designing successful economic development programs is a very difficult task. Most state or regional planning boards rely on "ad-based" campaigns that lack any significant strategic content. Most programs simply produce a series of glossy booklets that tout the region's amenities or praise its "hard-working" people. The success gained by these shotgun programs is often very limited. The development that does occur typically fails to benefit the local community beyond a simple job count. Economic development programs must be cognizant of generating sustainable development, sustainable not just from an ecological point of view but also from the viewpoint of preserving the region's economic and social integrity. Economic development can be pathological if the economic change erodes the community base or increases the vulnerability to macroeconomic fluctuations. Development programs must be designed to harbor the core community values while offering new economic opportunities. What is needed is a strategic development plan that contains the tools necessary for the measurement of social and economic change. The purpose of this paper is to establish a method of regional development design which can generate sustainable economic development. The concept of sustainable economic development is expanded beyond its traditional ecological boundaries to include development that is resistant to social degradation as well as insulated from macroeconomic fluctuations. The paper examines the psychological and community core issues that follow economic transformation. It then offers a portfolio-planning option that treats a local economy as if it were a "portfolio" which can be actively managed to avoid unnecessary market risks. It concludes with a brief examination of

Field of study: Economics
Embryo is not required for initiation of alpha-amylase activity in germinating cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds.

When embryonated and de-embryonated cotyledons of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were kept for germination, only embryonated cotyledons (EC) developed into seedlings. alpha-Amylase activity appeared late in de-embryonated cotyledons (DEC), but increased and matched with that of EC on 4th day, and thereafter started declining. A higher content of reducing sugars may be one of the factors in down regulating the activity in DEC after 4th day, in comparison to EC, where it continued increasing. Addition of GA3 to DEC did not increase the activity significantly, suggesting that GA3 was not a limiting factor for amylase initiation. Addition of 1 mM chlorocholine chloride (CCC) to DEC decreased activity by about 50%, suggesting that GA3 might partly be synthesized in the DEC and hence the activity could be initiated independent of embryo. However, for mobilization of starch, amylase activity has to be sustained for a longer period, for which sink strength in the form of shoot and root is essential. Unlike cereals, where embryo is required for induction of amylase, the process of amylase induction in germinating cowpea seeds appear to be different. Purification of alpha-amylase from EC and DEC by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography revealed three peaks in EC, and only one in DEC, indicating that gibberellin present in DEC could induce only one form of amylase. Amylase from DEC had higher K(m) value (0.33 mg ml(-1) of starch), as compared to the corresponding K(m) value in EC (0.11 to 0.16).

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
p-Chlorobenzyltetrahydroberberine inhibits vascular smooth muscle contractions caused by Ca2+.

To investigate influences of p-chlorobenzyltetrahydroberberine (CPU-86017) and levothyroxin (Lev) on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractions by intracellular Ca2+ release and calcium entry.



Three kinds of contractions of rat thoracic aortic rings were used to compare suppression by CPU-86017, bepridil (Bep), verapamil (Ver), and nimodipine (Nim) in euthyroid- and Lev-induced hyperthyroidism rats.



The IC50 of CPU-86017 on KCl-induced contractions of euthyroid and hyperthyroid VSM were 80 (36-179) and 121 (62-236) mumol.L-1, respectively. The potency of CPU-86017 was approximate to 1/10 of Bep and 1/100 of Ver and Nim. Suppressions of Ver and Nim on hyperthyroid VSM in Ca(2+)-free solution were greatly attenuated by -86% and -95%, respectively. Slight or no change in activity of CPU-86017 and Bep was found. Contractions on adding Ca2+ into Ca(2+)-free medium were suppressed by CPU-86017 and its potencies in euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats were not different.



CPU-86017 is more potent to suppress Ca2+ entry than intracellular calcium mobilization and Lev enhances both.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Winter precipitation effect in a mid-latitude temperature-limited environment: the case of common juniper at high elevation in the Alps

Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is by far the most widespread conifer in the world. However, tree-ring research dealing with this species is still scarce, mainly due to the difficulty in crossdating associated with the irregular stem shape with strip-bark growth form in older individuals and the high number of missing and wedging rings. Given that many different species of the same genus have been successfully used in tree-ring investigations and proved to be reliable climate proxies, this study aims to (i) test the possibility to successfully apply dendrochronological techniques on common juniper growing above the treeline and (ii) verify the climate sensitivity of the species with special regard to winter precipitation, a climatic factor that generally does not affect tree-ring growth in all Alpine high-elevation tree species. Almost 90 samples have been collected in three sites in the central and eastern Alps, all between 2100 and 2400 m in elevation. Despite cross-dating difficulties, we were able to build a reliable chronology for each site, each spanning over 200 years. Climate-growth relationships computed over the last century highlight that juniper growth is mainly controlled by the amount of winter precipitation. The high variability of the climate-growth associations among sites, corresponds well to the low spatial dependence of this meteorological factor. Fairly long chronologies and the presence of a significant precipitation signal open up the possibility to reconstruct past winter precipitation. S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/ERL/9/104021/mmedia

Field of study: Environmental science
Temperature measurements in shock tubes using a laser-based absorption technique.

A laser-based technique for monitoring temperature in shock tube flows is reported. The method employs a rapid-tuning ring-dye laser to record the fully resolved absorption spectrum of the R(1)(7) and R(1)(11) lines of OH near 306.5 nm. The temperature is inferred from the ratio of the peak absorption coefficients of the two lines. Comparisons with calculated reflected shock temperatures show agreement within +/-3% for the 1300-3500 K range.

Field of study: Physics
Bicuspid aortic valve disease: the role of oxidative stress in Lrp5 bone formation.

The bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital cardiac anomaly, having a prevalence of 0.9% to 1.37% in the general population and a male preponderance ratio of 2:1. The recognition of a bicuspid aortic valve is clinically relevant because of its association with aortic stenosis or regurgitation, aortic aneurysm or dissection, and infective endocarditis. Although some patients with a bicuspid aortic valve may go undetected without clinical complications for a lifetime, the vast majority will require intervention, most often surgery, at some point. In fact, the natural history of bicuspid aortic valve is that of valve calcification and progressive stenosis that typically occur at a faster rate than in tricuspid aortic valves. This pattern of presentation supports the hypothesis that shear stress in patients with congenitally abnormal aortic valves may contribute to an earlier leaflet calcification. However, there is emerging research data showing that the valve calcification process might have a similar pathophysiologic process to that of vascular atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of bicuspid aortic valve.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Tolerance to amphetamine anorexia: role of learning versus body weight settling point.

: Three experiments were conducted to clarify the role of learning and body weight settling point in the development of tolerance to amphetamine anorexia. In the first experiment, rats that had become tolerant to the suppressant effect of amphetamine on milk intake were anorexic when subsequently offered other foods or water during a transfer test. These results appear to support a conditioning interpretation, which predicts a loss of tolerance when cues associated with drug administration are altered. Subsequent experiments examined the long-term effect of changing diets. In Experiments 2 and 3, rats made tolerant with milk as the diet showed prolonged anorexia when switched to Purina pellets or slightly bitter milk. However, when switched from pellets or adulterated milk to milk, tolerant rats were anorexic only 1 day and then ingested significantly more of the new diet. These results are inconsistent with a conditioning interpretation. Further analysis revealed that tolerant rats maintained their weight below the level of saline controls despite the recovery of food intake. Moreover, the level at which they maintained their weight varied with the palatability of the diet. These results suggest that amphetamine lowers the settling point for body weight and that tolerance does not develop to this effect (cf. Stunkard, 1981). From this perspective, the reinstatement of prolonged anorexia when apparently tolerant rats were switched to a less palatable diet can be understood as an attempt to attain a lower weight level.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Research on Ceramic-lined Coating Prepared by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis

The ceramic coating was prepared in the steel tube by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique.The microstructure and properties of the coating were analyzed.The results show that the coating is orderly corundum ceramic layer and intermediate layer with iron mainly from inside to outside.The microscopic structures of the coating are branch crystalline structure;the white phase is Al2O3 and the black phase is Fe and the synthesis phase of Fe and Al.The fracture of the coating is laminated structure;and there are stomata or crack in the sheet layers interface.The fracture is flat,cleavage steps,and brittle fracture.The bonding strength of the coating is high and the impact corrosion performance is excellent.

Field of study: Materials science
Constrained maximum correntropy adaptive filtering

Constrained adaptive filtering algorithms have been extensively studied in many applications. Most existing constrained adaptive filtering algorithms are developed under the mean square error (MSE) criterion, which is an ideal optimality criterion under Gaussian noises. This assumption however fails to model the behavior of non-Gaussian noises found in practice. Motivated by the robustness and simplicity of maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) for non-Gaussian impulsive noises, this paper proposes a new adaptive filtering algorithm called constrained maximum correntropy criterion (CMCC). Specifically, CMCC incorporates a linear constraint into a MCC filter to solve a constrained optimization problem explicitly. The proposed adaptive filtering algorithm is easy to implement, has low computational complexity, and can significantly outperform those MSE based constrained adaptive algorithms in heavy-tailed impulsive noises. Additionally, the mean square convergence behaviors are studied under energy conservation relation, and a sufficient condition to ensure the mean square convergence and the steady-state mean square deviation (MSD) of the CMCC algorithm are obtained. Simulation results confirm the theoretical predictions under both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises, and demonstrate the excellent performance of the novel algorithm by comparing it with other conventional methods.

Field of study: Computer science
Schubert calculus and torsion explosion

The author observes that certain numbers occurring in Schubert calculus for SL also occur as entries in intersection forms controlling decompositions of Soergel bimodules in higher rank. These numbers grow exponentially. This observation gives many counter-examples to the expected bounds in Lusztig’s conjecture on the characters of simple rational modules for SL over fields of positive characteristic. The examples also give counter-examples to the James conjecture on decomposition numbers for symmetric groups.

Field of study: Mathematics