nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Morphing Airfoil Using Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

An in-house high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization computer program based on a computational fluid dynamics solver with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and a sequential-quadratic-programming algorithm is used to obtain a set of optimal airfoils at the different flight conditions of a light unmanned air vehicle. For this study, the airfoil requirements at stall, takeoff run, climb gradient, rate of climb, cruise, and loiter conditions are obtained. Then, the aerodynamic shape optimization program is used to obtain the airfoil that has the optimal aerodynamic characteristics at each one of these flight conditions. Once the optimal airfoils at each flight condition are obtained, the results are analyzed to gain a better understanding of the most efficient initial airfoil configuration and the possible mechanisms that could be used to morph the single element airfoil. The results show that a very thin airfoil could be used as the initial configuration. Furthermore, a morphing mechanism that controls the camber and leading-edge thickness of the airfoil will almost suffice to obtain the optimal airfoil at most operating conditions. Lastly, the use of the optimal airfoils at the different flight conditions significantly reduces the installed power requirements, thus enabling a greater flexibility in the mission profile of the unmanned air vehicle.

Field of study: Physics
Genaue Potentialbestimmung aus Streumessungen: Alkali-Edelgas-Systeme

Recent improvements in precision and the increase in number of molecular beam scattering experiments demand a reanalysis of the experimental data. The commonly used potential functions show a serious lack of flexibility, and fitting procedures are not unambigious.A new potential ansatz (which is a continuous modification of the (12-6)-potential) has been used to fit all available data on the alkali-rare gas systems Li-Kr, Na-Ar, Na-Kr, Na-Xe, K-Ar, and K-Kr. Aχ2-minimum method is used as the procedure to fit the data and to estimate the errors of the parameters obtained

Field of study: Physics
A Brief Exploratory Report of Coping Strategies Among Police Recruits During Academy Training

Few longitudinal studies have investigated the use of coping strategies among police recruits. This study investigated perceived life and work stressors, appraisal, and coping over a seven-month police recruit academy training program. Participants were 81 police recruits who completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire at three time points approximately three months apart. The average age of the recruits was 27.6 years (SD = 5.1, range 20–51). Separate repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine coping scores. Statistically significant decreases, although small, were observed in reported emotion-focused, problem-focused, and seeking social support coping strategies. Results suggested that as police recruits undergo academy training, they rely on fewer coping strategies to deal with life and work stress. More longitudinal studies are needed that assess the methods police recruits utilize to manage stress during academy training. Such results can inform stress management interventions.

Field of study: Psychology
Chromogenic Chemosensors for N‐Acetylaspartate Based on Chiral Ferrocene‐Bearing Thiourea Derivatives

A series of chiral ferrocene-containing thiourea derivatives have been synthesized, and their enantioselective recognition properties were investigated by UV/Vis titration. Receptors 5a and 6a exhibit excellent chiral recognition abilities towards N-acetylaspartate. The differences in solution colour can be observed directly by the naked eye. The minimum energy structures of 5a and 6a were also obtained by theoretical DFT calculations.

Field of study: Chemistry
Photo-neutron cross-section of $${}^{{\mathrm {nat}}}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$ in the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 12, 14, 16, 65, and 75 MeV

The flux-weighted average cross-sections of 
$${}^{\mathrm {nat}}{\mathrm {Dy}}(\upgamma ,  with the activation and off-line 
$$\upgamma $$

-ray spectrometric technique using the 20 MeV Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance (ELBE) at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany and the 100 MeV electron linac at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The 
$${}^{\mathrm {nat}}{\mathrm {Dy}}(\upgamma , {\mathrm {xn}}){}^{{157,155}}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

 reaction cross-sections as a function of photon energy were also calculated theoretically using TALYS 1.9 code. Then the flux-weighted average values at different end-point energies were obtained based on the theoretical values of mono-energetic photons. These values were compared with the flux-weighted values of present work and are found to be in general agreement. It was also found that the experimental and theoretical formation cross sections of 
$${}^{159}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

, 
$${}^{157}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

 and 
$${}^{155}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

 from the 
$${}^{\mathrm {nat}}{\mathrm {Dy}}(\upgamma , {\mathrm {xn}})$$

 reactions increased from their respective threshold values to a certain energy where other reaction channels opened. After reaching a maximum value, the individual reaction cross-sections slowly decreased with the increase of the bremsstrahlung energy due to the initiation of other competing reactions at higher energy, which indicates the impact of the excitation energy. However, the production cross sections of 
$${}^{157}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

 and 
$${}^{155}{\mathrm {Dy}}$$

 from the 
$${}^{\mathrm {nat}}{\mathrm {Dy}}(\upgamma , {\mathrm {xn}})$$

 reactions slightly increase in between and then decreased slowly with bremsstrahlung energy, which is due to the contributing reactions of higher mass isotopes.

Field of study: Physics
Renal Dietitians' Perceptions of the Value of Subjective Global Assessment: A Mixed Methods Study.

The objective of this study is to assess how renal registered dietitians (RDs) in Canada perceive the value of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) to assess protein-energy wasting for clients with chronic kidney disease.



A sequential exploratory mixed method approach included 2 focus groups (n = 6 and 8) and a national survey (n = 54). Two online focus groups were conducted 1 month apart followed by an online survey. Participants included renal RDs working with Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (dialysis and non-dialysis) patients.



Five main themes (consistency, organizational/environment, confidence, interpretation, and education) emerged. Renal RDs support using a tool to provide a standardized process for nutrition assessment and feel SGA is an effective educational tool; however, barriers such as time, privacy, confidence in the tool, as well as ability to perform physical assessment, interpretation, and subjectivity limit the use of SGA. Renal RDs feel that it is important to examine nutrition interventions in conjunction with SGA results.



The main results of the study describing the limitations to the clinical use of the SGA tool revolve around RDs' time, confidence, ability to interpret the SGA tool, and how SGA is used by administration. The results support the need for educators and administrators to communicate the use of SGA results and provide education opportunities focusing on the use of validated, reliable, responsive tools to assess nutrition status as well as hands-on physical assessment. In some situations, an alternative validated version of SGA or screening tool may be appropriate.

Field of study: Medicine
Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties of Oriented Carbonyl Iron/Carbon Black Composite Induced by Shear Force

Oriented carbonyl iron/carbon black (CI/CB) composite with enhanced microwave absorption properties was prepared by shear force which was applied to make the planes of CI parallel to each other. The effects of orientation, CB content and thickness on the microwave absorption properties were investigated. The measurement results showed that higher permeability and modest permittivity of the composite were obtained after CI orientation in a 2–18-GHz frequency range. The complex permittivity of the CI/CB composite increased with increasing CB content, which was mainly attributed to the interfacial polarization at the CI/resin/CB particle interfaces. The calculated microwave absorption properties indicated that the orientation plays an important role in decreasing the absorber thickness and broadening the absorption bandwidth. The oriented CI/CB composite containing 65 wt.% CI and 3.0 wt.% CB showed a wider absorption frequency range of 12.5 GHz from 5.5 GHz to 18 GHz with reflection loss (RL) below −5 dB at a thickness of 0.9 mm. This work offers a promising approach for the fabrication of microwave absorbing materials with thin thickness and an adjustable␣wider working frequency range.

Field of study: Materials science
Mixed-State Dissipation in Zero Temperature Limit in $MgB_2$ Thin Films

We have studied mixed-state dissipation in epitaxial MgB$_2$ thin films by measurements of resistive transition, current-voltage characteristics, Hall effect, and point-contact tunnelling spectrum. We found that unlike single gap superconductors with negligible vortex quantum fluctuations in which vortices are frozen at T=0 K, finite zero-temperature dissipation due to vortex motion exists in MgB$_2$ over a wide magnetic field range. This dissipation was found to be associated with proliferation of quasiparticles from the $\pi$-band of MgB$_2$. The result shows that the vortex fluctuations are enhanced by two-band superconductivity in MgB$_2$ and we suggest that the vortex quantum fluctuation is a possible cause of the non-vanishing zero-temperature dissipation.

Field of study: Physics
The Mentor and the Student-Teacher: An Important and Delicate Relationship

One of the key factors of preparing future teachers is the process of mentoring and as part of it the mentor teacher. The relationship between student-teachers and their mentors is very delicate, in some cases even cold and lame. The mentor teacher is the one that helps student-teachers connect the knowledge they get from their studies in universities with the real classroom environment, where they are going to implement their knowledge. As a bridge that connects the university to the schools, the role of the mentor teacher is that of a facilitator, a leader, and an adviser who will transmit to the future teachers the art of teaching. But, what is the mentors’ perception of their role? How do they view the relation between mentors and student-teachers; and what are some of the advantages or the risks of this relationship? Does he/she feel motivated to better do the job? What are some of the problems they face during mentoring? On the other hand stands the student-teacher. What defines the relation he/ she has with the mentor teacher? How successful is the teaching practice? To what extent does the mentor affect in this success or lack of success? Is there anything that the student teacher would like to change in this relation; simple at first sight, but complicated if you see deep inside? Through interviews with 13 mentors of Elbasan and a questionnaire with 38 student-teachers of “Aleksander Xhuvani” University, this paper will try to answer most of the above mentioned questions. Also part of this study will be some suggestions for a better mentorship and recommendations. 
 DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n3p87

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Elastic scattering of15N on19F,19F on18O and19F on16O at low energies and elastic transfer

Angular distributions of the elastic scattering in the range of 30–160 ° θcm have been measured for the systems15N+19F,19F+16O and19F+18O at three energies, the highest being approximately 4 MeV above the Coulomb barrier. The large differences observed in the structure of the angular distributions at large angles are discussed considering elastic transfer, and the angular momentum balance for the possible direct surface reactions. The analysis yields a consistent description of the data in terms of elastic transfer.

Field of study: Physics
Redox variations and organic matter accumulation on the Yangtze carbonate platform during Late Ediacaran–Early Cambrian: Constraints from petrology and geochemistry

In order to understand redox variations and organic matter accumulation on the Yangtze carbonate platform during the Late Ediacaran–Early Cambrian, petrological and geochemical studies of several wells were carried out in this work. Our data suggest that depositional environments were dominated by oxidizing bottom water conditions during the late Ediacaran, and evolved to anoxic conditions, triggered by blooms of microbial organisms in surface waters during the earliest Cambrian. Subsequently, massive release of H 2 S derived from both anaerobic recycling of organic matter and, probably, hydrothermal venting promoted a sulfidic ocean. The discovery of a Ni-Mo sulfide ore layer in the basal Cambrian implies that such a sulfidic condition spread onto the Yangtze carbonate platform interior during the late Cambrian Stage 2. Further, transgressive flooding led to widespread black shale deposition and persistently anoxic conditions, as indicated by geochemical proxies. During the late Ediacaran to earliest Cambrian, local and widespread phosphogenesis indicates that organic matter accumulation was intimately associated with microbial (especially cyanobacterial) blooms driven by phosphorus cycling. The organic matter accumulations in early Cambrian black shales, however, were in connection with anoxic bottom water conditions and intermittent replenishment of recycled organic phosphorus to surface waters.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynals via Oxametallacycle Intermediates

The transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization of alkynals viaoxametallacycle intermediates is a useful method for thestereoselective synthesis of cyclic allylic alcohol derivatives. The reductive cyclization reactions are catalyzed by titanium and nickel complexes using organosilanes, organoboranes, and organozincs as reducing agents. The alkylative, arylative, and alkenylative cyclization reactions are catalyzed by nickel complexes using organozincs and alkenylzirconiums. On the other hand, the recently developed rhodium-catalyzed reductive cyclization reactions of alkynals allow using dihydrogen as a reducing agent without the use of organometalloid and organometallic reagents. Furthermore, very recently, the rhodium-catalyzed acylative cyclization reactions of alkynals were accomplished by using aldehydes and acyl phosphonates as acylating reagents. Importantly, the use of the rhodium catalysts realized the enantioselective cyclization reactions of alkynals with excellent levels of enantioselection.

Field of study: Chemistry
MP55-17 URINARY TRACT INFECTION AFTER RETROGRADE URETHROGRAM IN CHILDREN: A MULTICENTER STUDY

likely to have an antibiotic charge than those undergoing clean procedures (n1⁄4103,529), (67.8% vs. 22.9%, p<0.005). Hospitals with antibiotic charges for clean procedures (non-compliant) were more likely to have antibiotic charges for clean-contaminated procedures (compliant) (r1⁄40.7, p1⁄40.01). At the hospital level, there was greater variation (range 9.8-97.8%) in compliance with SAP for clean-contaminated procedures (CV 0.36) compared to clean procedures (range 35.0%-98.2%) (CV 0.20).  Hospitals tended to administer SAP regardless of wound classification. There was also greater variation in compliance with SAP guidelines for clean-contaminated procedures. Although local practices may explain this variation, our findings highlight the need for standardization of SAP.

Field of study: Medicine
Efficient Horizontal Mergers

This paper considers the Debreu  - Farell  - Fare [7] measure of efficiency of merger to compare economic efficiencies of alternative merged entities in a homogenous good industry. The comparability results rely on concentration curve dominance relation and identify the class of cost functions for which efficiency ranking the entities becomes unambiguous. The results have been developed under alternative assumptions about the total output and number of firms of the merging subgroups.

Field of study: Economics
Lateral spin injection and detection through electrodeposited Fe/GaAs contacts

Efforts to achieve efficient injection of spin-polarized electrons into a semiconductor, a key prerequisite for developing electronics that exploit the electron's spin degree of freedom, have so far met with limited success. Here we report experimental studies of lateral spin injection and detection through electrodeposited Fe/GaAs tunnel contacts. We demonstrate spin injection efficiencies two orders of magnitude higher than for state-of-the-art contacts fabricated via ultra-high-vacuum methods, including those with MgO or Al2O3 tunnel barriers. To account for this enhancement, we propose that an iron oxide layer that forms at the Fe/GaAs interface during electrodeposition, being magnetic acts as a tunnel barrier with a spin-dependent height, presenting quantum spin transport calculations for such systems. This serendipitous discovery of greatly enhanced efficiency of spin injection into GaAs via electrodeposited contacts introduces a promising new direction for the development of practical semiconductor spintronic devices.

Field of study: Physics
Graded tame blocks of group algebras

In this paper we investigate gradings on tame blocks of group algebras whose defect group is dihedral. We classify gradings on an arbitrary dihedral block up to graded Morita equivalence. We do this by computing the group of outer automorphisms that fix the isomorphism classes of simple modules. We also show how to grade these blocks via transfer of gradings via dervied equivalences.

Field of study: Mathematics
Bio-Hegemony: The Political Economy of Agricultural Biotechnology in Argentina

This paper examines relations between the state and capital in Argentina with respect to agricultural biotechnology. Argentina is one of the world's leading exporters of genetically modified (GM) crops and is a key player in the global politics of biotechnology. Whereas in other parts of the world, including other countries in Latin America, active civil societies and some governments have rejected the technology, Argentina has adopted it as a central accumulation strategy. The desirability of this strategy has been secured in material, institutional and discursive arenas of power, producing a particular expression of ‘bio-hegemony’. Looking at the role of business in the political economy of agricultural biotechnology is revealing both of the extent and forms of corporate power and contributes to an understanding of hegemony in practice.

Field of study: Political science
UIS test of high-voltage GaN-HEMTs with p-type gate structure

This paper reports the withstanding capability of unclamped inductive switching (UIS) of high voltage GaN-HEMTs as a function of the gate voltage in the off-state. One of the critical disadvantages of GaN-HEMTs is its lack of the UIS withstanding capability because of the non-removable structure of holes, which are generated by the avalanche breakdown. Therefore, a p-type GaN gate structure is attractive not only for normally-off operation but also for the UIS withstanding capability design from the viewpoint of hole-removal. This paper shows the results of the UIS test for GaN-HEMTs with the p-type gate structure. The UIS withstanding capability of GaN-HEMTs can be designed via the hole removal structure and the package thermal resistance.

Field of study: Engineering
INFLUENCE OF THERMAL TREATMENT CONDITIONS ON TRANSFORMATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN DATONG COAL

Transformation of As, Pb, Cr, Cd and Mn in Datong coal during pyrolysis was studied The pyrolysis experiment was carried out in a closed stainless steel reactor The effects of temperature(300-700℃ ),pressure(0 1-4MPa),and residence time under nitrogen atmosphere on the release of the trace elements were investigated The influence of reaction atmosphere (N 2 or H 2) on the emission of the trace elements was also investigated Results showed that the release of As, Pb, Cr, Cd and Mn increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature and residence time Higher pressure inhibited the release of the trace elements H 2 environment resulted in a higher release of the trace elements In the temperature range studied, As and Cd showed higher volatility than the other three elements during pyrolysis

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Resistance Can Be Good or Bad: How Theories of Resistance and Dissonance Affect Attitude Certainty

This research investigated how lay theories about resisting persuasion can affect attitude certainty. Specifically, people who believed that resistance was negative (i.e., implies close-mindedness) showed different levels of attitude certainty after resisting persuasive messages than people who believed resistance was positive (i.e., implies intelligence). When people held positive lay theories of resistance and overcame ostensibly strong arguments, they showed increased attitude certainty (compared to those who overcame ostensibly weak arguments). However, individuals who believed that resistance was negative did not show increases in attitude certainty when overcoming strong arguments. Experiment 2 suggests that the effect of lay theories and perceived argument strength on attitude certainty was due to dissonance created by believing that resistance is undesirable but nonetheless resisting persuasion.

Field of study: Psychology
Densification and Mechanical Properties of YAG Ceramics Fabricated by Air Pressureless Sintering

Yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12, YAG) ceramics with a relative density of about 99.5% were fabricated by solid-state reaction and pressureless sintering using commercial α-Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders as raw materials in air. The effect of different sintering additives, e.g. tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), MgO and TEOS + MgO, on the relative density and mechanical properties of the YAG ceramic samples were investigated. When the dopant content of TEOS exceeded 0.5 wt.%, a sudden grain growth appeared, as well as a residual second phase located in triangle grain boundary. MgO was more effective as a sintering additive than silica in promoting the densification of the YAG ceramics. The relative density of the ceramics gradually decreased with the increase of MgO doping content and fixed TEOS content. The mechanical properties of the YAG ceramics fabricated by pressureless sintering in air at 1600–1710°C were tested. The fracture surface morphology of the MgO-doped ceramic samples was mainly transgranular, whereas the TEOS-doped samples were mainly intergranular.

Field of study: Materials science
Fourier analysis, Schur multipliers on $S^p$ and non-commutative Λ(p)-sets

This work deals with various questions concerning Fourier multipliers on L, Schur multipliers on the Schatten class S as well as their completely bounded versions when L and S are viewed as operator spaces. We use for this aim subsets of Z enjoying the non-commutative Λ(p)-property which is a new analytic property much stronger than the classical Λ(p)-property. We start by studying the notion of non-commutative Λ(p)-sets in the general case of an arbitrary discrete group before turning to the group Z. AMS classification (1991): primary 43A22, 43A46, 46L50, secondary 46B70, 47B10, 47D15.

Field of study: Mathematics