nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive proteomic analysis revealing multifaceted regulatory network of the xero-halophyte Haloxylon salicornicum involved in salt tolerance.

Haloxylon salicornicum is a xero-halophyte which grow predominantly in dry saline areas. However, the proteomic approach for revealing the regulatory network involved in salt adaptation of this important xerohalophyte has not been studied so far. In the present investigation, the label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was carried out in shoot of H. salicornicum to get an insight into the functional network of proteins involved in salt tolerance. Comparative proteomic analysis in control and salt treated plants of H. salicornicum by nano-ESI-LC-MS and MS/MS, and data base searching led to the identification of 723 proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG uncovered various biological pathways to which salinity induced differentially regulated proteins are involved. In H. salicornicum, out of 723 identified proteins, 188 proteins were differentially regulated in response to salinity. In addition to significant up-regulation of stress responsive proteins, other proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle, protein synthesis, antioxidative defense systems, energy transfer, ion transport, nucleotide binding, and proteosomal proteins also significantly up-regulated under salinity in H. salicornicum. The major photosynthetic proteins up-regulated were RuBisCo, D1 protein, photosystem II-CP47, and cytochrome b599. TCA cycle component proteins such as citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase upregulated indicating their significant roles in providing vital energy for salinity tolerance. Salinity induced higher expressions of ion transporters in H. salicornicum suggest efficient compartmentalization of toxic sodium ions. In addition, up-regulation of antioxidative defense system can be correlated with effective scavenging of salinity induced ROS and hence imparting salt tolerance. In H. salicornicum, protein synthesis was boosted under salinity as confirmed from the salinity-induced up-regulation of the ribosome associated proteins. Salinity induced significantly changed proteins of the ribosomal pathway include ribosomal protein components such as elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), initiation factor 1 and 2 (IF1, 2), Rpo cluster C and B, etc. Functional integrity of protein synthesis machinery in H. salicornicum is maintained under high salinity by higher abundance of ribosomal subunit proteins in NaCl-treated plants. We assume that consistent energy supply by the up-regulations TCA cycle along with uninterrupted protein synthesis and maintenance of structural integrity of the photosynthetic machinery are the primary mechanism of salinity tolerance of H. salicornicum. In the present study, we comprehensively elucidated possible mechanisms associated with systematic salt tolerance of H. salicornicumemploying proteomic approach. The information from this study will contribute to thegenetic improvement of crop plants that can be grown in saline marginal lands.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Redox-induced ring shuttling and evidence for folded structures in long and flexible two-station rotaxanes

Two dumbbell-shaped components with tetraarylmethane-type stoppers - one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic - and a rod-like section containing a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit and a 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP) moiety as electron-donating units, and their [2]rotaxanes, incorporating the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT 4 + ) cyclophane as their electron-accepting ring component, have been synthesized, the latter using template-directed protocols. The two amphiphilic [2]rotaxanes, which differ from each other only in the lengths of the polyether chains associated with their hydrophilic stoppers, were designed in order (i) to have them exhibit enhanced amphiphilicities and, by altering the lengths of polyether chains, (ii) to improve the qualities of their Langmuir-Blodgett films, and by removing the phenolic residues, (iii) to increase the oxidative stabilities of these switchable molecules, and so extend the lifetimes of electronic devices fabricated from amphiphilic hysteretic molecular switches of this type. UV-VIS absorption and 1 H NMR spectra, as well as electrochemical measurements, show that both [2]rotaxanes exist to all intents and purposes in solution as the translational isomer in which the CBPQT 4 + cyclophane surrounds the TTF unit. Evidence has also been obtained for the presence in solution of folded conformations of these [2]rotaxanes. While ox/red stimulation of the TTF unit causes shuttling of the CBPQT 4 + cyclophane between the TTF and DNP stations, reduction of CBPQT 4 + causes unfolding of the [2]rotaxane molecules.

Field of study: Chemistry
Syntrophic acetate oxidation under thermophilic methanogenic condition in Chinese paddy field soil.

The aim of the present work was to determine and compare the degradation of acetate in a Chinese rice field soil at 25°C and 50°C, respectively, and to identify specifically the active organisms involved in syntrophic acetate oxidation. Soil was preincubated anaerobically for 30 days to reduce alternative electron acceptors other than CO(2). The [2-(13)C] acetate (99% (13)C) was added twice: 0 day and 19 days after preincubation. Addition of [2-(13)C] acetate resulted in an immediate increase of (13)C labeled CH(4) but non-labeling of CO(2) at 25°C. The methanogen community was dominated by Methanosarcinaceae and Methanocellales at 25°C. In contrast, the addition of [2-(13)C] acetate at 50°C resulted in a rapid increase of (13)CO(2). The (13)C labeling of CH(4) gradually increased and reached a similar value to CO(2) (13% (13)C) at the end of incubation (40 days). Nearly all archaeal 16S rRNA genes detected at 50°C belonged to hydrogenotrophic Methanocellales. DNA-based stable isotope probing analysis revealed that the organisms related to Thermacetogenium lineage and the unclassified Thermoanaerobacteraceae group were intensively labeled with (13)C in the incubations at 50°C. Thus, acetate was converted to CH(4) and CO(2) through aceticlastic methanogenesis at 25°C, while syntrophic acetate oxidation occurred at 50°C.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Stability and conductivity study of the BaCe0.9−xZrxY0.1O2.95 systems

Solid oxide components such as protonic separation membranes for the hydrogen purification and electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell require thermo-chemical stability and high conductance. The perovskite BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 exhibits good proton conduction at high temperatures, but shows poor thermo-chemical stability. Substituting Zr for Ce in BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 improves the thermo-chemical stability but reduces proton conduction. The objective of this work was to study the optimization of protonic conductance and thermo-chemical stability by changing the ratio of Ce to Zr in BaCe 0.9− x Zr x Y 0.1 O 2.95 . To elucidate the dopant effect, a coprecipitation and freeze drying method has been developed to produce single phase perovskites of BaCe 0.9− x Zr x Y 0.1 O 2.95 (0 ≤  x  ≤ 0.9). The method has been optimized to yield high purity and homogeneous powders with a particle size of 50–100 nm in diameter. The sintering characteristics were studied in the temperature range of 1400–1650 °C. BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 , BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.2 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and BaCe 0.5 Zr 0.4 Y 0.1 O 2.95 can be sintered to high density at 1650 °C. Sintered BaCe 0.5 Zr 0.4 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and BaCe 0.3 Zr 0.6 Y 0.1 O 2.95 show good chemical stability against water and carbon dioxide. Electric conductivities of sintered samples, which have been measured by impedance spectroscopy, decrease with their Zr content.

Field of study: Materials science
The effects of maternal binge drinking during pregnancy on neural correlates of response inhibition and memory in childhood.

Although an extensive literature has documented a broad range of cognitive performance deficits in children with prenatal alcohol exposure, little is known about how the neurophysiological processes underlying these deficits may be affected. Event-related potentials (ERPs), which reflect task-specific changes in brain electrical activity, provide a method for examining multiple constituents of cognitive processing at the neural level.



We recorded ERPs in 217 children from Inuit communities in Arctic Quebec (M age = 11.3 years) during 2 different tasks-Go/No-go response inhibition and continuous recognition memory. Children were classified as either alcohol-exposed (ALC) or controls (CON) depending on whether the mother reported binge drinking during pregnancy.



Both groups performed comparably in terms of accuracy and reaction time on the tasks, and both tasks elicited the expected effects on ERPs when responses were compared across conditions. However, the ALC group showed slower P2 latencies on Go/No-go, suggesting an altered neurophysiological response associated with initial visual processing of the stimuli. On the memory task, the ALC group showed reduced FN400 amplitude to New items, known as the familiarity effect, and reduced amplitude for the late positive component, possibly reflecting impairment in memory retrieval.



These findings show that, even in tasks in which alcohol-exposed children exhibit behavioral performance that is comparable to controls, fetal alcohol exposure is associated with altered neurophysiological processing of response inhibition and recognition memory. The data suggest that fetal alcohol exposure is associated with reduced efficiency in the initial extracting of the meaning of a stimulus, reduced allocation of attention to the task, and poorer conscious, explicit recognition memory processing.

Field of study: Medicine
Late Foxe glaciation of southern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada

A continental outlet glacier terminating in outer Frobisher Bay, southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, deposited the Hall moraine immediately prior to 10,760 yr B.P. (dated by C 14 ). This moraine and associated C 14 dates provide the first documentation of a pre-Holocene late Foxe (late Wisconsin) ice advance from the eastern Canadian Arctic. A second moraine system deposited near the head of the bay is of Cockburn age (8,000 to 9,000 yr), and it correlates with the maximum late Foxe advance farther north on Baffin Island. A compilation of C 14 dates related to the maximum late Foxe advance and marine paleoclimatology along 2,500 km of eastern Arctic coastline suggests a parallel but time-transgressive latitudinal relationship. There is considerable evidence for dominantly local ice accumulation centers and a prominent glacial advance between 11,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. from widely scattered sites surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean.

Field of study: Geology
Potential energy surfaces of actinide and transfermium nuclei from multi-dimensional constraint covariant density functional theories

Multi-dimensional constrained covariant density functional theories were developed recently. In these theories, all shape degrees of freedom \beta_{\lambda\mu} deformations with even \mu are allowed, e.g., \beta_{20}, \beta_{22}, \beta_{30}, \beta_{32}, \beta_{40}, \beta_{42}, \beta_{44}, and so on and the CDFT functional can be one of the following four forms: the meson exchange or point-coupling nucleon interactions combined with the non-linear or density-dependent couplings. In this contribution, some applications of these theories are presented. The potential energy surfaces of actinide nuclei in the (\beta_{20}, \beta_{22}, \beta_{30}) deformation space are investigated. It is found that besides the octupole deformation, the triaxiality also plays an important role upon the second fission barriers. The non-axial reflection-asymmetric \beta_{32} shape in some transfermium nuclei with N = 150, namely 246Cm, 248Cf, 250Fm, and 252No are studied.

Field of study: Physics
Psychosocial Variables as Predictors of Psychological Stress–Induced Ischemia in the Laboratory

This study examined ischemic reactivity to a psychological stress protocol and whether psychological variables could reliably classify individuals as ischemic reactors. Participants were 54 male Veterans Administration patients who had or were suspected of having CAD. Psychological inventories were administered prior to a psychological stress protocol consisting of a surgical video, the Stroop Color–Word task, an arithmetic task, and discussion of a stressful event. Cardiac functioning was evaluated using an ECG Holter monitor and 23.53% of participants were classified as reactors. Mean differences between reactors and nonreactors were found for State Anger, Health Locus of Control—Powerful Others (MHLC-PO), and Depression. State Anger and MHLC-PO emerged as significant predictors of reactor status in logistic regression analyses. Models based on individual scale items suggested three items could be used to achieve higher classification rates. Implications for revising screening procedures for determining risk and possible mechanisms underlying psychological stress–induced ischemia are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Laser Voltage Probing (LVP) - Its value and the race against scaling

After providing a brief introduction to Laser Voltage Probing (LVP), along with useful information and further reading suggestions, this paper provides a deep dive into current benefits and challenges of LVP applied to 16/14 nm FinFET technology and discusses the issues that arise from scaling of technology nodes according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.

Field of study: Engineering
Towards a more inclusive vision of the medical sciences.

Progress in the medical sciences is largely determined by two things: (i) the questions we ask, and (ii) how rigorously and vigorously we attempt to answer them. How do we know which questions are the right questions to ask, and thus the correct questions to spend our time and energies trying to answer? Such evaluative concerns bring into sharper focus the question--'What is medicine for?' The international study of rosuvastatin is important not simply because of the health benefits it may confer, but because it inspires a more robust and inclusive vision of the medical sciences. A vision which recognizes that the primary goal of medicine is to promote health, and that includes the health of 'normal' people as well as those with illness and disease. This inclusive vision of the medical sciences is a transformative one, it departs from the 'disease-model' approach which has dominated distinct areas of medical research for decades.

Field of study: Medicine
BEST FIBER CAPACITY OF COMPOUNDED PLANT FIBER MATERIAL

The best capacity of fiber for different plant fiber composites and property index were obtained from experiment,and the best capacity of fiber corresponding to a single property index can be confirmed by the parabola equation. Furthermore, by combined the method of main composition analysis with the parabola equation, the best capacity of fiber can be determined accurately and reasonably which will provide the theorical basis and calculating method for determining the best capacity of plant fiber composites. The calculated optimum fibre contents of plant fibre composites are as follow:nylon matrix treated with coupling reaction 23.52%,nylon matrix treated with grafting reaction 23.77%,polypropylene matrix treated with coupling reaction 34.32%,polypropylene matrix treated with grafting reaction 27.71%.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The use of Fab' fragments in a screening method for the detection of human anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies.

The use of immunoperoxidase staining methods to detect human monoclonal antibodies that react with frozen tissue sections of human tumors is limited due to endogenous immunoglobulin present in the sections. The endogenous immunoglobulin produces a significant background staining which makes the detection of a specific reaction difficult and unreliable. A method of incubating the sections with papain fragments (Fab') of goat anti-human immunoglobulin was evaluated. It was demonstrated that Fab' fragments of goat anti-human polyvalent immunoglobulin can block endogenous immunoglobulin background staining after prolonged washing of tissue sections (20h) and thus facilitating the screening of monoclonal antibodies against frozen sections of tumor tissue.

Field of study: Biology
Corrosion in a neutral artificial saliva of metallic alloys used for frameworks strengthening fixed partial dentures

The frameworks supporting the ceramic part of a fixed dental prosthesis are composed of the assemblage of alloys of different natures for soldering reasons. Post-solder joints, and eventually the extremities of parent alloy parts, are exposed to the buccalmilieu and can suffer individual or galvanic corrosion. Eight types of parent alloys and four types of solder alloys were immersed in a pH=7.4 artificial saliva (Afnor norm) and their corrosion behaviours were characterized by the measurement of their potential and linear polarization according to the Stern-Geary method. Open circuit potentials are high (iÂÂ0mV/NHE) to very high (+300mV/NHE) due to the immunity of the noblest elements or to the passivation of the others. Polarization resistances are high (several tens kiÂÂ.cm²) or very high (more than 1MiÂÂ.cm²), and consequently corrosion currents very low (levels: 1iÂ­A/ cm² down to 10iÂ­A/cm²). Galvanic currents are not attended between parent and post-solder alloys in most cases since the Eocp are close to one another. However there are three assemblages which can potentially lead to low galvanic currents.

Field of study: Materials science
Prefrontal cortex and rule abstraction: where and whether? Theoretical comment on Moore et al. (2009).

The primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is implicated in diverse aspects of behavioral regulation, cognitive control, and memory. However, direct neuropsychological evidence supporting a requirement of this area in functions other than spatial working memory has been scarce. T. L. Moore, S. P. Schettler, R. J. Killiany, D. L. Rosene, and M. B. Moss have shown, for the first time, that lesions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey (including areas 9 and 46) substantially impair performance in a test of executive function modeled on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. The pattern of impairment is consistent with a role for dorsolateral prefrontal areas in rule abstraction but may relate to a role for this area in rule maintenance as well. Interestingly, monkeys with dorsolateral prefrontal lesions do not appear to perseverate in their use of particular rules in the task, different from the common impairment associated with frontal lobe damage in humans. These findings indicate that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is necessary for some aspects of rule-guided behavior in the primate brain and help illuminate the involvement of different prefrontal areas in different aspects of executive function and rule-guided behavior.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
A new approach for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) based immunoassays.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful technique for measuring physicochemical properties, such as concentration and diffusion constant, of bio-molecules in complex mixtures. Although, as such, FCS is well suited for development of homogeneous immunoassays, a major obstacle lies in the relatively high molecular weight of antibodies. This is because in FCS discrimination between unbound fluorescently-labelled antibodies and the same antibodies bound to immune complexes is based on the difference of their respective diffusion coefficients. To overcome this limitation we here propose to use a fluorescently-labelled tag which has two crucial properties: (a) its molecular weight is significantly lower than that of an antibody and (b) it is capable to discriminate between free antibodies and immune complexes. We have evaluated the feasibility of this approach in a model system consisting of mouse monoclonal IgG directed against the Lewis X antigen, and Protein A as a low molecular weight tag.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Solutions of Dirac equations with the Pöschl-Teller potential

By using the basic concepts of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics formalism and the function analysis method, we solve the Dirac equation with vector and scalar potentials and obtain the bound-state solutions for the nuclei in the relativistic Pöschl-Teller potential. All of the analyses are prepared under the conditions of the exact spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry. The exact energy equation and corresponding two-component spinor wave functions for s -wave bound states are obtained analytically.

Field of study: Physics
Depression and Interpersonal Responses to Others' Moods: The Solicitation of Negative Information about Happy People

A total of four experiments tested the prediction that social comparison concerns lead depressed individuals to solicit more negative disclosures from happy people than they otherwise would. In Experiments 1 and 2, depressed, mildly depressed, and nondepressed subjects reviewed information about another person that included ratings of that person's mood (Experiment 2 also included a control condition without mood information). After reviewing the material, subjects chose a subset of items from a list of positive, negative, and neutral questions to ask the person in an upcoming meeting. Experiment 3 replicated this procedure but used a mood manipulation to define subject groups. Experiment 4 examined the impact of subjects' line of questioning on others. Taken together; the results indicate that when they believe their partner is happy, depressed individuals are especially likely to solicit negative information about that person. This unfavorable interpersonal response increases depressed individuals' risk of social rejection.

Field of study: Psychology
"Barbados or Canada?" Race, Immigration, and Nation in Early-Twentieth-Century Cuba

The most optimistic Cuban commentators today can be heard arguing that the economic crisis on the island in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union has brought with it Cuba’s first chance to be truly independent. The island passed from being a literal colony of Spain to being what Cuban scholars refer to as a “neocolony” of the United States in 1898, and then to a state of economic and political dependence (albeit of a different nature) on the USSR after 1959. In each of these periods ideologies of national independence provoked strong resonances among the population. But the nature of this nation and the meanings of independence have been subject to repeated contestation. Fidel Castro welcomed Pope John Paul II to Cuba on 22 January 1998 with a speech denouncing Spanish colonialism, and linking Spain’s extermina-

Field of study: History