nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of thyroid stimulating hormone level as a predictive factor for advance stage thyroid carcinoma

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a cancer growth stimulus factor that have effect on the progression of thyroid carcinoma, common neck head malignancy. This hormonelevel has diagnostic value and can assist in the diagnosis, staging and management of the thyroid carcinoma.This study aimed to investigatethe role of TSH level as a predictor of advance stage thyroid carcinoma. This was case-control study involvingthyroid enlargement subjects who underwent thyroidectomy at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakartafrom 2015 to 2017. Cancer staging examination using AJCC 2102and TSH levels examination were conducted before underwent thyroidectomy.The inclusion criteria for case group were advanced stage(stage III and IV), while for control group wereearly-stage of thyroid carcinoma (stage I and II). The exclusion criteria for both case and control groups were 1) suffering from thyroid hormone disorders requiring therapy before thyroidectomy, 2) receiving thyroid suppression therapy prior to thyroidectomy. Sixty-six post thyroidectomy patients were involved in this study. The patients were divided into case and control groups consisted of 33 patients in each group. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve, the cut of point 1.27 mIU/L for TSH was obtained with sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 78.8%. There was statistically significant difference TSH levelsbetween early stage thyroid carcinoma and late stage thyroid carcinoma(p = 0.001;OR: 9.9;95% CI: 3.19-30.15).It can be concluded that TSHlevels ≥ 1.27mIU/L as predictor of advance stage thyroid carcinoma.

Field of study: Medicine
Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Theobroma Cacao L.

Plants were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis using cotyledon as explants. The optimized medium and condition for each stage were tested as follows ⑴ Primary calli medium PCG was the improved DKW with 3.0 mg/L of 24-D 1.0 mg/L of KT and 0.01 mg/L of TDZ explants were cultured on PCG medium in the dark at 28±2℃ for 20 days. ⑵ Calli propagation medium SCG was the improved DKW with 3.0 mg/L of 24-D 1.0 mg/L of KT the calli were cultured on SCG medium for 30 days in the dark. ⑶ The calli were subcultured on ED medium with 30 g/L of sucrose 1 g/L of glucose in the dark for 60 to 150 days and embryos at different developmental stages globular beart torpedo and mature were present on individual explants at the same time.⑷ The mature embryos were transferred to fresh PEC medium every 30 days until shoots with one or two leaves developed. The contents of PEC medium were the improved DKW with 20 g/L of glucose 10 g/L of sucrose. Shoot-producing embryos with 2 leaves were transferred onto RD medium that was the improved DKW supplemented with 1.5 mg/L of IBA and 0.5 mg/L of IAA. The cultures were maintained under light for 16 h/d. After 30 to 90 days regenerated plants were obtained.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
An Imperial State at War: Britain from 1689 to 1815.

C.A. Bayly, Cambridge University Thomas Ertman, Harvard University John Brewer, UCLA John Robertson, Oxford University Daniel Baugh, Cornell University E.A. Wrigley, Cambridge University Joanna Innes, Oxford University Kathleen Wilson, SUNY, New York Linda Colley, Yale University Ned C. Landsman, SUNY, New York Nicholas Canny, University College, Galway

Field of study: Economics, History
Zur Quantelung des asymmetrischen Kreisels. III

ZusammenfassungIn Fortsetzung früherer Arbeiten über diesen Gegenstand wird aus den Eigenfunktionen, die einem Impulsmoment Null um eine raumfeste Achse entsprechen, die Form der allgemeinen Eigenfunktionen abgeleitet (§ 1). Letztere werden durch eine einfache Substitution aus gewissen homogenen Polynomen zweier Variablen erzeugt; diese Polynome sind Eigenlösungen einer transformierten Form der Laméschen Differentialgleichung, die besonders von Halphen untersucht worden ist, und hängen andererseits nahe mit der Wangschen Behandlung des asymmetrischen Kreisels zusammen (§ 2). Das Problem der Reihenfolge der Eigenwerte wird in einfacher algebraischer Weise gelöst (§ 3). Zuletzt werden die Auswahlregeln und Intensitäten im Rotationsspektrum hergeleitet (§ 4).

Field of study: Physics
Eustatic sea level controls on the flushing of a shelf-incising submarine canyon

Turbidity currents are the principal processes responsible for carving submarine canyons and maintaining them over geological time scales. The turbidity currents that maintain or “flush” submarine canyons are some of the most voluminous sediment transport events on Earth. Long-term controls on the frequency and triggers of canyon-flushing events are poorly understood in most canyon systems due to a paucity of long sedimentary records. Here, we analyzed a 160-m-long Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) core to determine the recurrence intervals of canyon-flushing events in the Nazare Canyon over the last 1.8 m.y. We then investigated the role of global eustatic sea level in controlling the frequency and magnitude of these canyon-flushing events. Canyon-flushing turbidity currents that reach the Iberian Abyssal Plain had an average recurrence interval of 2770 yr over the last 1.8 m.y. Previous research has documented no effect of global eustatic sea level on the recurrence rate of canyon flushing. However, we find that sharp changes in global eustatic sea level during the mid-Pleistocene transition (1.2–0.9 Ma) were associated with more frequent canyon-flushing events. The change into high-amplitude, long-periodicity sea-level variability during the mid-Pleistocene transition may have remobilized large volumes of shelf sediment via subaerial weathering, and temporarily increased the frequency and magnitude of canyon-flushing turbidity currents. Turbidite recurrence intervals in the Iberian Abyssal Plain have a lognormal distribution, which is fundamentally different from the exponential distribution of recurrence intervals observed in other basin turbidite records. The lognormal distribution of turbidite recurrence intervals seen in the Iberian Abyssal Plain is demonstrated to result from the variable runout distance of turbidity currents, such that distal records are less complete, with possible influence from diverse sources or triggering mechanisms. The changing form of turbidite recurrence intervals at different locations down the depositional system is important because it ultimately determines the probability of turbidity current–related geohazards.

Field of study: Geology
The occupational dilemma and self-development of physical education teachers in middle schools

The author carried out an in-depth analysis on the occupational dilemma of physical education teachers in middle schools in such three aspects as society,school and occupation,tried hard to point out that what physical education teachers in middle schools are confronted with currently is not only a challenge but also an opportunity,then suggested that physical education teachers in middle schools should seize the opportunity for development,clear the occupational dilemma,reassign the occupational mission,awake their self-awareness,recognize their occupational role,build a sort of possible life during interaction,realize their occupational value,and provide theoretical support for boosting the new physical education curriculum reform in a better way.

Field of study: Education
SPORES AND POLLEN IN OIL FROM IGNEOUS ROCK PETROLEUM POOL AND PETROLEUM ORIGIN OF JUNGGAR BASIN

Ninety-six species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 55 genera found in crude oil from the Beisantai igneous rock petroleum pool of the southeastern part of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang have been studied.Based on the investigation of the spores and pollen in crude oil,the petroleum source rocks of the petroliferous province are identified,the petroleum origin theory is discussed and the organic petroleum ori- gin theory is confirmed.

Field of study: Chemistry
A study of fine particulate emissions from combustion of treated pulverized municipal sewage sludge.

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is formed during wastewater treatment and its processing and disposal represent one of the most environmentally challenging aspects of the wastewater treating process. One disposal option currently being considered is a process involving heat treatment (to render the sludge biologically inactive) followed by dewatering, drying, pulverizing, and combustion. This research focuses on fine particle emissions from the combustion of dried, treated, MSS, cofired with either natural gas or pulverized Ohio bituminous coal as a supplemental fuel. These fuels were burned at 13 kW in a downflow laboratory combustor designed to replicate time/temperature histories and particle concentrations typical of practical combustion units yet also sufficiently well defined aerodynamically to allow elucidation of mechanisms. Size-segregated particle size distributions were obtained by isokinetic sampling followed by dilution/quenching and passage into a Berner Low-Pressure Impactor. Major and trace elements were analyzed by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Four particle size regions were identified: furnace vapor-phase material that formed ultrafine particles either in or just before the sampling probe, submicron-sized particles formed during the combustion process, micron-sized fine particles, and larger supermicron sized bulk fly ash particles. The fuel mix appears to influence trace metal partitioning routes and the composition of fine particulate matter in the exhaust. Cofiring of MSS with coal increases the ultrafine/submicron particle emission compared to firing coal alone. This increase in ultrafine/submicron particles is most likely due to an interaction between species derived from MSS (possibly alkali metals) and those from coal (possibly sulfur and/or chlorine). Vapor-to-solid phase partitioning of arsenic and selenium is controlled by surface reaction with active surface sites during MSS combustion with either gas or coal. Co-combustion of MSS with the Ohio bituminous coal allows the arsenic and selenium to be reactively scavenged by calcium, thus changing the speciation of the trace metal emitted. Ohio bituminous coal alone contained insufficient calcium to accomplish this same scavenging effect.

Field of study: Environmental science
Association between SNP and haplotypes in PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes and bone mineral density in Chinese nuclear families

To assess the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and haplotypes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1 (PPARGC1) and adiponectin genes to normal bone mineral density (BMD) variation in healthy Chinese women and men.We performed population-based (ANOVA) and family-based (quantitative trait locus transmission disequilibrium test) association studies of PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes. SNP in the 2 genes were genotyped. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and hip in 401 nuclear families with a total of 1260 subjects, including 458 premenopausal women, 20–40 years of age; 401 post-menopausal women (mothers), 43–74 years of age; and 401 men (fathers), 49–76 years of age.Significant within-family association was found between the Thr394Thr polymorphism in the PPGAGC1 gene and peak BMD in the femoral neck (P=0.026). Subsequent permutations were in agreement with this significant within-family association result (P=0.016), but Thr394Thr SNP only accounted for 0.7% of the variation in femoral neck peak BMD. However, no significant within-family association was detected between each SNP in the adiponectin gene and peak BMD. Although no significant association was found between BMD and SNP in the PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes in both men and postmenopausal women, haplotype 2 (T-T) in the adiponectin gene was associated with lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women (P=0.019).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that Thr394Thr SNP in the PPARGC1 gene was associated with peak BMD in the femoral neck in Chinese women. Confirmation of our results is needed in other populations and with more functional markers within and flanking the PPARGC1 or adiponectin genes region.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Comparative Expression Analysis of Twelve OsHsfs in Resistant and Susceptible Rice to Bacterial Blight

Heat stress transcription factors(Hsfs)are the central regulators of defense response.By whole genomic microarray analysis,seven up-regulated Hsfs(OsHsfA2a,OsHsfA2b,OsHsfB2a,OsHsfB2b,OsHsfB2c,OsHsfC1b and OsHsfC2c),two down-regulated ones(OsHsfA2c and OsHsfB4c)and three ones(OsHsfA1,OsHsfA2d and OsHsfB1)without significant change were screened out based on their expression levels in resistant variety SH5 at 6 h after inoculation of bacterial blight.The results of real-time PCR analysis showed that there were significant differences in expression changes of 11 OsHsfs between resistant variety SH5 and susceptible variety 8411 at least at one time point after inoculation.And the functions of OsHsfA2a,OsHsfA2c,OsHsfB2b and OsHsfB2c on bacterial blight resistance are worth further research.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising and Pharmacy Practice

The American Health Care Systems course, PHBAS 410, at the Mylan School of Pharmacy of Duquesne University consists of class sessions involving the use of nontraditional, active-learning approaches to supplement an otherwise traditional lecture format. Usually, 2 to 3 class sessions are reserved for special topics during which issues facing contemporary pharmacy practice are discussed. One such topic discussed in the Spring 2002 course offering was the marketing of prescription drugs directly to consumers (DTC advertising). While much has been opined about this phenomenon, students in the course are encouraged to make informed decisions about patients' medication therapies and to use DTC advertising as an opportunity to promote patient safety. Students are provided some background information on various market factors and on the history of DTC advertising to facilitate their understanding of its ubiquity.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Feral Future. The Untold Story of Australia's Exotic Invaders

There is good cross-referencing from one entry to another which makes it easier to get to information through different paths of entry into the dictionary. This work will be of long lasting value because it contains many entries that are not defined in any standard dictionary. The author states “To compile a dictionary, one must surely have extraordinary good reasons for engaging all in such an arduous labour, since this requires industry, meticulous care and expenditure of many hours of precious time.” Many people will be grateful and make use of the “arduous labour” of George Hocking. He has produced a truly useful work of reference that fills a major gap. It would now be nice to see this work on an interactive CD-ROM which would make the information it contains even more accessible.

Field of study: Environmental science
Untersuchung der Cerenkovstrahlung mit 50 keV-Elektronen in dünnen Siliziumschichten

For wavelengths near 5000 Å the index of light refraction in silicon is so large, that a considerable amount of Cerenkov radiation is generated by 50 keV electrons. We discuss experimental radiation pattern of transition radiation including Cerenkov radiation emitted from 50 keV electrons traversing thin silicon foils of 2000 Å thickness at different angles of electron incidence. There is good agreement of the experimental results with theory.

Field of study: Physics
L-MAX Frequent Itemsets and Algorithm of Mining L-MAX Frequent Itemsets

Presented a problem of mining maximal frequent itemsets with constrained itemsets-length and generating corresponding transaction information of itemsets,which is defined as L-MAX frequent itemsets mining.The constraint characteristic of itemsets-length and the strategy of transaction sets storaged and generated is emphatically studied in this paper.Firstly the properties of L-MAX frequent itemsets is analysed.Then by extending FP-tree structure an ExFP-tree data structure is presented and the algorithm of ExFP-tree generated is given.According to the character of prefixing paths shared in FP-tree,ExFP-tree implements compressingly storage of transaction information with sharing the transaction information of descendant nodes.Finally based on FP-MAX algorithm,an algorithm of mining L-MAX frequent itemsets based on ExFP-tree is presented.The main idea is firstly using look-ahead pruning method process ExFP-tree according to the properties of L-MAX frequent itemsets and then mining maximal frequent itemsets.To generate the corresponding transaction sets backdating and direct locating strategy is used.

Field of study: Computer science
STUDY ON THE MAXIMUM BEARING CAPACITY OF CONCRETE DAM BASED ON DOUBLE NONLINEARITY

The finite deformation and plasticity will occur when a concrete dam is close to failure.It is very important to study the effect of geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity including strain softening on maximum bearing capacity.In this paper,material constitutive relation with strain softening,nonlinear geometry equations and equilibrium differential equations considering geometric nonlinearity are presented.The maximum bearing capacity of a concrete dam is obtained by the over-loading method and Arc-length method used to calculate the peak point and falling branch of the load-displacement curve,then the effect of double nonlinearity,including geometric and material nonlinearity considering strain softening,on the maximum bearing capacity are discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Implementation of Color Image Segmentation by Using C

As the application of image analysis becoming more and more important,discusses the segmentation of color image based on thresholding method.Discusses the concept of image segmentation,and the segmentation method based on the histogram of color image,finally uses 2D histogram to find the threshold of the color images,then utilizes C# feasible program to precisely realize color image segmentation based on thresholding.

Field of study: Computer science
da Vinci revisited: building momentum for action.

Everyone in healthcare should watch Morgan Gleason's “I am the Patient and I Need to Be Heard”  They offer compelling, straightforward examples from the perspective of a 15-year-old about how to improve care. Listen to me; talk to me. Let patients in hospital sleep. Rethink IV pumps that beep loudly and continuously in a patient's room without notifying staff that there is a problem. And more. 
 
Thanks to the reach of social media, Morgan's story and call to action have spread across borders. Viewed thousands of times on YouTube, her videos have been tweeted and retweeted, shown at conferences and prescribed as compulsory viewing for staff in some hospitals. Word is getting out, and the videos are moving hearts and minds. 
 
The challenge now, as always, is to translate that discussion and momentum into concrete action – let's walk the talk. 
 
A frivolous, but timely, analogy: it's sweet that #hardtotrashtalkSweden was trending on Twitter in Canada and #hardtotrashtalkCanada was trending in Sweden during the men's gold medal hockey game,2 with many tweeting that both countries should share a beer to celebrate a great game. But the Molson Canadian beer fridge has not, at the time of writing, been reprogrammed to accept Swedish passports. (Featured in a range of advertisements and on-site in Sochi, the fridge requires a Canadian passport to open.) 
 
The need to drive to action is by no means new. It's been hundreds of years since Leonardo da Vinci is supposed to have said, “I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do.” 
 
Like modern researchers, da Vinci often used empirical and observational approaches to learning. And, as in his time, translating the resulting evidence into concrete, sustainable action that changes policy or practice is challenging. 
 
Sharing research evidence through publication is an important first step in the process. With this idea in mind, this issue of Healthcare Policy / Politiques de Sante features papers that illuminate the perspectives of patients and front line primary care teams, as well as research that explores important healthcare issues, such as predicting which patients are at risk of becoming high-cost users of the health system, variations in coverage of care for survivors of paediatric brain tumours and the effect of communities of practice in local public health services. Rounding out the issue are discussion and debate pieces on the extent to which amenable mortality is a good measure of health system effectiveness, as well as on regional investment in health research. 
 
Whatever your role in the health sector, I hope that you will find much food for thought, as well as fuel for action, in this issue of the journal.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Phenotypic Knockout of HIV-1 Chemokine Coreceptor CXCR4 and CCR5 by Intrakines for Blocking HIV-1 Infection

To investigate the phenotypic knockout of HIV-1 chemokine coreceptor CXCR4 and CCR5 by intrakines and its inhibitory effect on HIV-1 infection. Primary human PBLs were transduced with the recombinant vector pLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR), followed by anti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magnetic bead method selection and FCM detection. The transduced PBLs were infected with DP1 HIV-1 virus thereafter envelope-mediated syncytium formation and p24 detection were carried out to study the blockage of HIV-1 infection by co-inactivation of CCR5 and CXCR4. pLNCX-R-K-S-K (△NGFR)-transduced PBILs were isolated with an anti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magnetic bead method. After isolation, about 70% of the PBLs were positive for the NGFR marker. When the transduced PBLs were infected with DP1 HIV-1 virus, envelop-mediated syncytium formation was almost completely inhibited by pLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR) transfection. Also, p24 antigen was very low in the cultures of pLNCX-R-K-S-K (△NGFR) transduced PBLs. pLNCX-R-K-S-K(△NGFR) transduction inhibited the production of DP1 p24 antigen by 15%, 43% and 19% on days 4, 7 and 10 respectively. The lymphocytes with the phenotypic knockout of CCR5 and CXCR4 could protect primary human PBLs from DP1 HIV-1 virus infection.

Field of study: Biology