nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ALPS - Adaptive Location-based Publish/Subscribe

Location-based publish/subscribe - LPS for short - is an important building block for context-aware applications in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In LPS, published messages are routed based on their content as well as on the location of publishers and subscribers. Existing LPS algorithms can be coarsely classified as follows: (1) message-centric approaches consist in broadcasting published messages, (2) query-centric approaches broadcast subscriber queries for subsequently routing messages, and (3) hybrid approaches broadcast queries and messages each within restricted scopes. Each approach is clearly superior to others for particular communication patterns, e.g., for certain ratios between the number of queries and the number of messages in the network. This paper presents an adaptive location-based publish/subscribe (ALPS) algorithm for settings with multiple, unknown, or varying communication patterns. ALPS can be viewed as a parameterized hybrid LPS algorithm that can seamlessly move between message- and query-centricity based on estimations of the current communication pattern. We evaluate ALPS on two benchmark applications namely in the context of mobile social networking and robot swarms. Our results indicate that ALPS reduces the message complexity by up to a factor 3x compared to the best respective alternative, while performing comparably to the respective optimal solutions with static communication patterns, making ALPS appealing as a one-size-fits-all solution.

Field of study: Computer science
An 800 ky proxy record of climate from lake sediments of the Zoige Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau

We present the results of magnetic susceptibility, geochemical and pollen analyses of a 120-m-long core of lacustrine and fluvial sediments from the Zoige Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Palaeomagnetic dating indicates that the sediment sequence spans the last ca. 800 ky. The magnetic susceptibility record appears to be related to global ice volume over this period and this relationship is used to produce a tentative revised chronology for the sediment sequence. The various climate proxies show a pattern of periodic variations over the last 800 ky BP. The date of 500 ky BP is a significant boundary: prior to this date, the climate proxies show a pattern of more frequent variability; after 500 ky BP the variations are of lower frequency and higher amplitude. The results also indicate that marine oxygen isotope stage 13 was an unusually intense interglacial in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and Chinese Loess Plateau areas.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Characteristics of DC subsets in chronic HIV-1 infected patients during antiretroviral therapy

To understand the dynamics of DC subsets in chronic HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods Seventeen treatment-naive chronic HIV-infected patients were enrolled in our study,and blood was collected at week 0,4,12,24,48 and 60 of ART.Additional 15 HIV-uninfected age-matched healthy adults and 15 long term non-progressors(LTNP) were recruited as controls.CD4+T cell counts and viral loads were examined routinely.The counts of DC subsets were measured by flow cytometry and IFN-α plasma levels were measured by ELISA.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0.Results ( 1 ) Before ART,mDC ( percentage and absolute count) in ⅢⅤ-infected group were significantly lower than those in healthy group and LTNP group,P＜0.001 in both groups.After 60 weeks of ART,mDC in HIV-infeeted group were significantly increased,and there were no significant differences compared with healthy controls and LTNP group.(2) pDC and IFN-α plasma levels remained relatively stable during ART,and similar to those in healthy controls and LTNP group.(3)Significant associations were found for DC subsets and CD4+ T cell counts before ART.mDC subsets at week 12,24,60 post ART were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts,and negntively correlated with virus load.Changes in mDC at week 8 post ART positively correlated with the changes in CD4+T cells at week 60 post ART,and negatively correlated with the changes in virus load at week 60 post ART.Conclusion The counts of mDC significantly reduced in HIV-infected patients,increased after ART,and positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts.The findings suggest that mDC may play an important role in controlling HIV infection,mDC may serve as an early predictor for immune reconstitution in the initiation of ART. 
 
 
Human immunodeficiency virus infection;  Antiretroviral therapy;  Dendritic cell;  Interferon

Field of study: Biology
REGIOSELECTIVE C–C BOND FORMATION OF O-LINALYL-N,N-DIMETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE VIA CARBOPALLADATION

Stable carbopalladation complexes were prepared by regioselective addition of active methylene compounds to O-linalyl-N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine (1) in the presence of Pd(II) complexes, and degradated selectively to the corresponding alkene derivatives by treatment with trimethylsilyl chloride.

Field of study: Chemistry
High-pressure protein crystallography (HPPX): instrumentation, methodology and results on lysozyme crystals.

A new set-up and associated methodology for the collection of angle-dispersive diffraction data from protein crystals submitted to high hydrostastic pressure have been developed on beamline ID30 at the ESRF. The instrument makes use of intense X-rays of ultra-short wavelength emitted by two collinear undulators, and combines a membrane-driven diamond-anvil cell mounted on a two-axis goniometer and an imaging-plate scanner. Sharp and clean diffraction pictures from tetragonal crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme (tHEWL) and orthorhombic crystals of bovine erythrocyte Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were recorded at room temperature and pressures up to 0.915 and 1.00 GPa, respectively. The compressibility of tHEWL was determined from unit-cell parameters determined at 24 different pressures up to 0.915 GPa. High-pressure diffraction data sets from several crystals of tHEWL were collected and analyzed. Merging of data recorded on different crystals at 0.30 and 0.58 GPa produced two sets of structure amplitudes with good resolution, completeness, redundancy and R(sym) values. A third set at 0.69 GPa was of a similar quality except a lower completeness. The three structures have been refined. The pressure-induced loss of crystalline order in a tHEWL crystal beyond 0.82 GPa was captured through a series of diffraction pictures.

Field of study: Physics
Structural and electrical properties of LiNi1−yCoyO2

The work presents the results of investigations of electrical properties of the LiNi 1− y Co y O 2 system ( y =0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.85) in a wide temperature range (300–1073 K) and oxygen pressures ranging from 10 −4 to 1 atm. It was found that the replacement of nickel by cobalt in LiNi 1− y Co y O 2 eliminates the presence of a disadvantageous phase transition observed in LiNiO 2 and reduces “cations mixing” phenomenon. However, for cobalt content y ≫0.25 there is a significant deterioration of transport properties related to a drop in the effective carriers concentration.

Field of study: Materials science
Composition and endocrine effects of water collected in the Kibale national park in Uganda.

Pesticides are used worldwide with potential harmful effects on both fauna and flora. The Kibale National Park in Uganda, a site renowned for its biodiversity is surrounded by tea, banana and eucalyptus plantations as well as maize fields and small farms. We previously showed presence of pesticides with potential endocrine disruptive effects in the vicinity. To further investigate the water pollution linked to agricultural pressure in this protected area, we implemented a complementary monitoring strategy based on: analytical chemistry, effects based methods and the deployment of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Chemical analysis of the POCIS extracts revealed the presence of 13 pesticides: carbofuran, DEET, 2.4-D amine, carbaryl, ametryn, isoproturon, metolachlor, terbutryn, dimethoate, imidacloprid, picaridin, thiamethoxam, carbendazim, with the first three being present in the largest quantities. Water samples collected at the POCIS sampling sites exhibited thyroid and estrogen axis disrupting activities in vivo, in addition to developmental and behaviour effects on Xenopus laevis tadpoles model. Based on our observations, for the health of local human and wildlife populations, further monitoring as well as actions to reduce agrochemical use should be considered in the Kibale National Park and in regions exposed to similar conditions.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Contribution of Bishop Juan De Zumárraga to Mexican Culture

The Commemoration of the four hundredth anniversary of the death of Juan de Zumarraga signifies more than the pious recollection of the contributions to New World culture of this great Franciscan, great Spaniard and great American. For the study and contemplation of his works plunges us once again into the heat and conflict of the Spanish conquest of America, even though Columbus first landed over four hundred and fifty years ago. No one who attempts to study and to interpret this extraordinary event can ignore the life of Zumarraga, nor can he fail to confront the pressing problem which this energetic and able bishop confronted and attempted to solve—how could the Indians be saved?

Field of study: History
Hippocampal neurotrophin and trk receptor mRNA levels are altered by local administration of nicotine, carbachol and pilocarpine.

Cholinergic receptor agonists nicotine (nicotinic), carbachol (nicotinic/muscarinic) and pilocarpine (muscarinic) were administered into the hippocampus and mRNA levels of neurotrophins and their receptors determined using in situ hybridisation. Drug doses were carefully chosen to avoid the potentially confounding effects of seizure and cell death. Nicotine caused a long-lasting increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus. The increase was evident from 24 h up to 72 h after drug administration. This increase was dependent on excitatory amino acid neurotransmission as it was blocked by administration of an AMPA or NMDA receptor antagonist. In contrast, carbachol and pilocarpine produced a transient increase in NGF mRNA levels present 4-8 h after drug administration. Pilocarpine caused a transient increase in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, with carbachol and nicotine showing the same trend. Nicotine and carbachol caused transient decreases in NT-3 mRNA levels in dentate gyrus and CA2 with pilocarpine showing a similar trend. Increases in mRNA encoding full-length trkB were seen 8 h after nicotine, with nicotine also causing elevations in a mRNA encoding a truncated isoform (trkB.T2). TrkC mRNA was not altered by any of the conditions used. The study suggests that muscarinic and nicotinic receptor activation in the hippocampus causes transient changes in all of the neurotrophins, but that NGF levels are selectively up-regulated by nicotinic receptor stimulation. The reciprocal interaction between NGF and ascending cholinergic systems may be a component of the cognitive enhancing effects of nicotine.

Field of study: Biology
Impact of Global Energy Resources Based on Energy Return on their Investment (eroi) Parameters

Human development has been based on the use of the energy resources, especially those of fossil origin (oil, gas, coal, etc.), which are not infinite and damage ecosystems; it is of paramount importance to make a transition to other alternative sources of energy. We compare and discuss many global sources of energy and their impact, based on the useful parameter called energy returned on energy invested or energy return on investment ( EROI ). In the long run we could expect renewed emphasis on enhanced (stimulated or hot dry rock) geothermal energy sources due to technological advances in deep drilling and the availability of this kind of energy 365 days per year and 24 hours of a day.

Field of study: Political science
Evaluation of three daily rainfall generation models for SWAT

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a hydrologic model that was developed to predict the long-term 
impacts of land use change on the water balance of large catchments. Stochastic models are used to generate the daily rainfall 
sequences needed to conduct long-term, continuous simulations with SWAT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 
performances of three daily rainfall generation models. The models evaluated were the modified Daily and Monthly Mixed 
(DMMm) model, skewed normal distribution (SKWD) model and modified exponential distribution (EXPD) model. The study 
area was the Woady Yaloak River catchment (306 km2) located in southwest Victoria, Australia. The models were assessed 
on their ability to preserve annual, monthly, and daily statistical characteristics of the historical rainfall and runoff. The mean 
annual, monthly, and daily rainfall was preserved satisfactorily by the models. The DMMm model reproduced the standard 
deviation of annual and monthly rainfall better than the SKWD and EXPD models. Overall, the DMMm model performed 
marginally better than the SKWD model at reproducing the statistical characteristics of the historical rainfall record at the 
various time scales. The performance of the EXPD model was found to be inferior to the performances of the DMMm and 
SKWD models. The models reproduced the mean annual, monthly, and daily runoff relatively well, although the DMMm and 
SKWD models were found to preserve these statistics marginally better than the EXPD model. None of the models managed 
to reproduce the standard deviation of annual, monthly, and daily runoff adequately.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
生物抗氧化剂的研究——III.维生素E在十二烷基硫酸钠胶束中对亚油酸自动氧化的促氧化作用

本文研究了维生素E(α-生育酚)在含有过氧化亚油酸的亚油酸中的反应,发现在乙醇溶液中没有明显的反应发生,但在十二烷基硫酸钠胶束中,维生素E迅速与过氧化亚油酸反应并引发亚油酸的过氧化,吸收氧气,用紫外光谱、高效液相色谱、顺磁共振技术对反应的动力学进行了仔细的研究,证明反应的中间体是α-生育酚自由基,反应的主要产物是α-生育醌,反应机理为α-生育酚及α-生育酚自由基与过氧化亚油酸发生两步连续双分子反应,速率常数分别为2.93和6.21mol/L -1 ·S -1 ,讨论了反应的胶束效应。

Field of study: Chemistry
3D-QSAR study on ether and ester analogs of artemisinin with comparative molecular field analysis.

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) paradigm, was used to study the correlations between the physicochemical properties and the in vitro activities of a series of ether and ester analogs of artemisinin. Four alignment models were used in the CoMFA investigation. The correlations derived from CoMFA analysis with the four alignments proved all to have good predictive values. The steric field predictive model of alignment B is accordant with the experimental results of Avery M A, et al: J Med Chem 1993; 36: 4264-75. The electrostatic field predictive results of alignments A, B, and C are consistent with our previous result of quantum chemical calculation. The highest rcross2 of alignment D, indicated that the side chain of -C6-O2-O1-C10-O3-C7-O4-C12-O5- and atom C16 are important groups of artemisinin analogs for antimalarial activity.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
An IP-Traceback-based Packet Filtering Scheme for Eliminating DDoS Attacks

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) is still an important security challenge for computer networks. Filter-based DDoS defense is considered as an effective approach, since it can defend against both victim-resource-consumption attacks and link-congestion attacks. However, the high possibility of false positive and the huge consumption of router resources reduce the practicality of existing filter-based approaches. In order to solve this problem, we propose a new mechanism to efficiently eliminate the impact caused by DDoS attacks. We utilize the IP traceback results to obtain an attack graph that contains the candidate filtering routers. Taking the different filtering performance of the routers in the attack graph into consideration, we propose a filtering scheme to determine a small set of filtering routers that would increase filtering performance and reduce false positive. Simulation results based on real-world network topologies demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce the damage caused by DDoS attacks effectively and maintain the loss of normal traffic within an acceptable level.

Field of study: Computer science
Fluorescence Sensing Behavior of Thin-films of Benzofuranoquinol Clathrate Host upon Exposure to Various Gaseous Amines

The benzofuranoquinol clathrate host exhibits color and fluorescence changes upon exposure to various gaseous amines both in the crystalline state and in the thin-film state. The decrease of long-wavelength absorption and the dramatic fluorescence enhancement with blue-shift of emission maximum depending on the enclathrated amine molecules were observed. The response time for the optical sensing was greatly improved by using the host in the thin-film state.

Field of study: Chemistry
Adaptive Behavior and the Psychologically Disturbed Child

In this report, we discuss recent research and clinical issues relevant to the adaptive functioning of psychologically disturbed children. We focus upon the overall and specific adaptive behavior patterns of several types of emotional disorders, some diagnosed before, others after, the advent of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Disorders include Atypical Mild and Reactive conditions (pre-dating DSM-III) as well as the following DSM-III diagnostic categories: Anxiety Disorder, Atypical Pervasive Developmental Disorder, and Infantile Autism. In general, results indicate that (1) the severity of adaptive behavior deficits tends to increase with the severity of the psychological disturbance; (2) the usual pattern for disturbed children relative to appropriate controls is highest deficits in both socialization and maladaptive areas of assessment; and (3) patterns of deficit in other major areas (i.e., Communication, Daily Living Skills) tend to be less predictable.

Field of study: Education
Nitrogen contamination of surficial aquifers--a growing legacy.

The virtual ubiquity of fertilizer-fed agriculture, increasing over several decades, has become necessary to support the global human population. Ironically, widespread use of nitrogen (N) has contaminated another vital resource: surficial fresh groundwater. Further, as nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, anthropogenic manipulation of N budgets has ramifications that can extend far beyond national borders. To get a handle on the size of the problem, Puckett et al. present an approach to track historical contamination and thus analyze trends now and in the past with implications for the future.

Field of study: Environmental science
Mortality in Kuwait: Pattern and Seasonality

This paper examines total and cause-specific mortality of the Kuwaiti population through a variety of life table models. Seasonality of diseases underlying mortality was also measured using the Fourier (cosinor) analysis. Results showed significant decline in total and infant mortality. Life table analysis showed that cardiovascular disease, accidental injury and malignant disease were the main causes of death in Kuwait and that ischemic heart disease was the major component of cardiovascular disease. The Fourier analysis showed a winter peak seasonality in January for total mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and no seasonality for malignant disease, congenital anomalies or perinatal disease. Overall, Kuwait has the seasonal timing of developed countries for total mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to the rapid changes in the life-style of people towards westernization. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the usefulness of national mortality statistics in measuring the force of mortality, and the ability of life table methods to assess the various roles that diseases may exhibit in the death process.

Field of study: Medicine
Revision of the stratigraphy of Permian and supposed Permian rocks of Southern Scotland

ZusammenfassungErstmals wird hier eine stratigraphische Gliederung der permischen Beckensedimente im südlichen Schottland gegeben. Diese Gesteine bestehen aus Piedmont-Brekzien und Laven, die von Fanglomeraten und Dünenkomplexen überlagert werden. Alluviale Fächer und Schwemmflächen-Sedimente gehören hierzu. Diese Serien sollen ein Alter von Stephan bis Unter-Perm aufweisen und vergleichbar mit ähnlichen kontinentalen Sedimentfolgen in England und im Unter-Rotliegenden von Mitteleuropa sein.AbstractThe formal stratigraphy of the Permian basins of southern Scotland is described for the first time. These rocks consist of piedmont breccias and lavas, overlain by wadi-fan and dune complexes, and alluvial fan and floodplain sediments. The sequences are inferred to be Stephanian to Lower Permian in age and correlatable with similar continental sediments in England and with the Lower Rotliegendes of Germany and the North Sea.RésuméLa stratigraphie des formations des bassins permiens du Sud de l'Ecosse est ici décrite pour la première fois. Ces roches sont des brèches de piedmont et des laves, surmontées par un complexe de dépôts d'épandage et de dunes, et par des cones et des dépôts alluviaux. Les couches seraient à rapporter au Stéphanien et au Permien inférieur, et à correler avec des sédiments continentaux semblables en Angleterre et avec le Rothliegend inférieur d'Allemagne et de la Mer du Nord.Краткое содержаниеВпервые проведено ст ратиграфическое под разделение осадочных пород бассейна пермского в озраста южной Шотлан дии. Эти породы состоят из брекчий Piedmont и лав, перекр ытых фангломератами и комплексами дюн. Сюда же принадлежат а ллювиальные отложен ия различного гранулом етрического состава. Эти серии име ют по-видимому возрас т от стефанского века до нижней перми; их мож но сопоставить с подо бными материковыми осадоч ными свитами Англии и нижн ей перми средней Евро пы.

Field of study: Environmental science
Reliability of 80 mum pitch flip chip attachment on flex

The interest toward flip chip technology has increased rapidly during last decade. Compared to the traditional packages and assembly technologies flip chip has several benefits, like less parasitics, the small package size and the weight. These properties emphasize especially when flip chip component is mounted direct to the flexible printed board. In this paper flip chip components with Kelvin four point probe and daisy chain test structure were bonded to the polyimide flex with two different types of anisotropically conductive adhesive films and one anisotropically conductive adhesive paste. The reliability of small pitch flip chip on flex interconnections (pitch 80 μm) was tested in 85°C/85% RH environmental test and −40↔+125°C thermal shock test. According to the results it is possible to achieve reliable and stable ohmic contact, even in small pitch flip chip on flex applications.

Field of study: Engineering