nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cruise passengers' experiences in coastal destinations – Floating “B&Bs” vs. floating “resorts”: A case of Croatia

While intranational micro-cruises present a new and exciting tourism segment and a potentially powerful promotional tool for some countries and coastal destinations, the growing body of cruise research has focused almost all attention on large international cruises and onboard experiences. Hoping to assist in filling this void, this research explores micro-cruise travelers' demographics/tripographics characteristics and satisfaction with the coastal destination's individual attributes in regards to revisit/repurchase and word-of-mouth intentions (RWOMI). Data were collected on 25 different ships in two Croatian ports over four months in 2009. The influence of satisfaction factors and demographics/tripographics on travelers' RWOMI was assessed by logistic regression. Further, micro-cruise and large international cruise travelers' characteristics were compared. The results revealed significant differences in travelers' demographics/tripographics and satisfaction with the different coastal destination attributes between the two cruise segments. Satisfaction with general country attributes, gastronomy and tourism destination product increased likelihood of micro-cruise travelers' RWOMI. Theoretical and managerial implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Conservation Targets for Viable Species Assemblages in Canada: Are Percentage Targets Appropriate?

Percentage targets for conservation have become a popular tool (advocated in both the scientific literature and the conservation community) for setting minimum goals for the amount of land to be set aside as protected areas. However, there is little literature to support a consistent percentage target that might be widely applied. Moreover, most percentage targets have not taken into account issues of species persistence. A recent study of herbivores in Kruger National Park took into account issues of representation and persistence in setting conservation targets and found that results were consistently about 50% and were unaffected by different permutations of the reserve selection process. Here, we carry out a similar analysis for representation of mammals within sites that are predicted to allow for their persistence, across eight ecologically defined regions in Canada to test whether we see similar consistent patterns emerging. We found that percentage targets varied with the different permutations of the reserve selection algorithms, both within and between the study regions. Thus, we conclude that the use of percentage targets is not an appropriate conservation strategy.

Field of study: Environmental science
Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer

Long before the recent fascination with two-dimensional materials, the critical behaviour and universality scaling of phase transitions in low-dimensional systems was a topic of great interest. Particularly intriguing is the case of long-range magnetic order in two dimensions, once considered to be excluded in systems with continuous symmetry by the Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem, but later revisited from the viewpoints of topological vortex order, symmetry breaking fields and finite size effects. Recent experiments on layered magnetic systems show that a sizable out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy is able to stabilize 2D long-range ferromagnetic order, as demonstrated in CrI3, CrBr3, Fe3GeTe2 and Cr2Ge2Te6, while a spontaneous magnetic ordering has remained elusive for an in-plane 2D magnetic system in the monolayer limit. Here, we construct a nearly ideal easy-plane system, a CrCl3 monolayer grown on Graphene/6H-SiC (0001), which exhibits ferromagnetic ordering as unambiguously determined by element-specific X-ray magnetic dichroism. Hysteretic behaviour of the field-dependent magnetization is sustained up to a temperature of 10 K, and angular dependent measurements evidence a clear in-plane easy axis, unlike all other van der Waals monolayer magnets reported to date. Moreover, the analysis of the critical exponents of the temperature-dependent magnetization show a scaling behaviour that is characteristic of a 2D-XY system. These observations suggest the first realization of a finite-size Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in a quasi-freestanding monolayer magnet with a XY universality class; accessible through the bottom-up growth of a van der Waals layer with an in-plane hexagonal crystal symmetry and negligible substrate interaction.

Field of study: Physics
Novel “Thrifty” Models of Increased Eating Behaviour

The thrifty genotype and phenotype hypotheses were developed to explain the rapid increase in diabetes and obesity in developed countries around the world. Most subsequent “thrifty” research has focused on the early developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome and cardio-metabolic disease. The goal of this manuscript is to review an emerging line of research that uses a similar thrifty framework to understand the early developmental origins of eating–related phenotypes that have primary relevance to many psychiatric disorders. Given the important role of environmental adversity in various psychiatric disorders that involve overeating, and their early age of onset, it is likely that several thrifty mechanisms are relevant in this regard. Understanding the early origins of increased eating behaviour based on a thrifty model might point the way to highly targeted preventative interventions during critical periods of development, and provide a new way of addressing these common and difficult to treat disorders.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Application of particle swarm optimization for distribution feeder reconfiguration considering distributed generators

In many countries the power systems are going to move toward creating a competitive structure for selling and buying electrical energy. These changes and the numerous advantages of the distributed generation units (DGs) in term of their technology enhancement and economical considerations have created more incentives to use these kinds of generators than before. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of DGs on the power systems, especially on the distribution networks. The distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) is one of the most important control schemes in the distribution networks, which can be affected by DGs. This paper presents a new approach to DFR at the distribution networks considering DGs. The main objective of the DFR is to minimize the deviation of the bus voltage, the number of switching operations and the total cost of the active power generated by DGs and distribution companies. Since the DFR is a nonlinear optimization problem, we apply the particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to solve it. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated and compared with other evolutionary methods such as genetic algorithm (GA), Tabu search (TS) and differential evolution (DE) over a realistic distribution test system.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Role of Cultural Events in Rehabilitation, Therapy and Education of People with Special Needs

Cultural events play an important role in the development of an individual’s emotional, cognitive and social development; despite the individual peculiarities and differences of the participants, cultural events strengthen the unity of the group members. They develop the skills of cooperation and dialogue. The research shows that nowadays the number of events aiming at raising cultural awareness, rehabilitation, physical-psychic therapy, interaction and sensitivity is quite a few. Most number of events has the function of having psychological effect on society. They mostly serve to form certain views, mood and thinking among people. Such events include special evenings, concerts or other kinds of performances dedicated to the people with special needs that emphasize the difference among people. These kinds of meetings can have a negative effect on people with special needs. Most people with special needs or sometimes all of them are passive listeners only. The events acquire the didactic role for the society rather than educational, rehabilitative or therapeutic function for people with any abilities. The events conducted for people with special needs are held quite often. So-planned cultural events cannot develop interaction and culture of communication among people with special needs and other members of society. It is vital to realize that number of cultural events with people of any abilities involved and accurately defined outcomes achieved by each participant as a result of the event is quite small. Similar events not only support rehabilitation, therapy and education for people with  disabilities but also, they have a didactic function for society – acceptance of diversity, the feelings of fellowship and respect towards each other are developed. It is necessary to increase the number of events planned in the abovementioned way especially in the following educational institutions such as preschools and schools. We can make conclusions of the abovementioned issues: 1. It is compulsory for the cultural events to fulfill the function of rehabilitation, physical-psychic therapy, interaction and sensitivity; the role of education in raising the cultural awareness; 2. It is necessary for the organizers of the events to know the methodology of planning and conducting cultural events; 3. It is important to choose the participants of cultural events taking into consideration diversity, different needs and abilities of people 4. It is vital to decrease to the minimum the number of events emphasizing the difference among people.  people with special needs, cultural events, musical therapy, art therapy, psychodrama, dance therapy, interaction, sensitivity, raising cultural awareness.

Field of study: Education
STUDY ON GREEN BUILDING OF 'CITY CAVE DWELLING'

Research on 'city cave dwelling' is based on requests of green construction and employs the traditional 'Chinese soil dwelling'.Through the development of highly-efficiency and energy-saving insulation materials and rational design/construction,the traditional 'Chinese soil dwelling' is applied in buildings of modern city and a new type of green patent building with fabulous energy consumption is constructed.A series of experiments and researches were carried out such as highly-efficiency and energy-saving building materials of Glazed Hollow Beads,design,construction,humidity and temperature tests,theoretical calculation and simulation of anti-seismic performance of integrated thermal insulation building.Via theoretical analysis,experiment and testing of practical projects,it is demonstrated that 'city cave dwelling' is prominent in comfortableness,energy-saving,land-efficiency,low weight,high strength and anti-seismic performances.

Field of study: Engineering
Cloning and sequence analysis of CP gene of Rice stripe virus Anhui isolate.

Rice plants showing stripe disease were collected from Lujiang,Anhui Province.The total RNA was extracted from rice leaves infected with Rice stripe virus.A pair of primers was designed to amplify RNA3 partial fragment of Rice stripe virus Anhui isolate(RSV-AH) by RT-PCR,and then the fragment was cloned and sequenced.Sequence analysis results showed that the fragment was consisted of 1051 nts,including 969 nts of full-length CP gene encoding 322 amino acids.Comparing nucleotide sequence of RSV Anhui isolate CP gene(RSV-AH) with that of other RSV CP genes,the results showed that RSV CP gene of Lujiang,Anhui shared the highest sequence similarity(99.3%) with RSV CP gene of Hongze,Jiangsu.A phylogenetic tree based on alignment of nucleotide sequences of RSV CP genes was constructed.The result indicated that the RSV CP gene of Lujiang,Anhui was most closely related to that of Hongze,Jiangsu as well.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Web Tap Payment Authentication and Encryption With Zero Customer Effort

We propose a public-key authentication and encryption application that secures the messages between Tap-Card-Pay application, Tap-Card-Pay Systems Corporation, customers, and merchants allowing the customer to complete transactions without requiring the customer to input sensitive information. With authentication and encryption, the application transfers the credit card information from the smartphone’s near field communication device onto the merchant webpage. Security weaknesses are also presented to show how to attack this design.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, EIV-E12, raised against enriched splenic ellipsoid-associated cells.

A monoclonal antibody, EIV-E12, was produced against ellipsoid-associated cells. In postnatal chicks, the antigen defined by EIV-E12 associated with about 90% of bursal cells and accumulated in B cell-rich areas of lymphoid organs. The antigen was expressed by many splenic cells on day 9 of embryogenesis and about 1 day later in the bursal anlage, where the cells positive for the antigen localized in close proximity to the plical epithelium. In the bursa, these early EIV-E12 cells appeared before Bu-1-positive cells and may represent a dendritic cell precursor. B cells within the developing bud acquired the EIV-E12 antigen. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed a molecular weight of 233 (nonreduced) and 205 (reduced) for the EIV-E12 antigen. These values were markedly different from the molecular weight of the antigen identified by Bu-1 but similar to that of a CB10 antigen. The CB10 and EIV-E12 MAbs exhibited some differences in cellular staining. Taken together these data suggest that EIV-E12 MAb recognizes a unique cellular population during embryogenesis.

Field of study: Biology
Business Ethics Education and Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac)

This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism ( GAC ), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underlie GAC is necessary. It is important to assert that, “the GAC ethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied to GAC . It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which has been to repair unethical business behavior.

Field of study: Political science
Geochemical and palaeontological studies of the δ13C anomaly in boreal and North Tethyan cenomanian-turonian sediments in Germany and adjacent areas

In two sections of the Upper Cenomanian and Lower Turonian of Northwest Germany (boreal realm, North Sea Basin) and southeast Germany (North Tethys, Regensburg area) stable isotopes (13C, 18O), acid-soluble manganese, carbonate contents and foraminifera were investigated. In addition, other sections across Norttwest- and Middle Europe are reviewed with respect to the detailed stratigraphy of a positive δ13C anomaly which was found earlier to be of global importance in the archaeocretacea foraminiferal zone (Cenomanian-Turonian transition). The δ13C excursion was found to be isochronous, with the lower limit marked by the extinction of the foraminiferal genus Rotalipora. The upper limit is found immediately above the entry of the foraminiferal Praeglobotruncana helvetica Bolli. In the macrofossil zonation, the base is marked by the occurrence of the belemnite Actinocamax plenus (Blainville) in the upper part the Metoicoceras geslinianum ammonite zone. The upper limit falls in the Watinoceras coloradoense ammonite zone just above the entry of the inoceramid genus Mytiloides. In some cases the “δ13C excursion” refers to a maximum of a more or less well expressed oscillation of the δ13C values with minima in the lowermost Cenomanian and the Upper Turonian. In other cases δ13C is constant with a marked “spike” at the position of the anomaly. The locally different structures of the δ13C trends point to incomplete mixing of water masses between basins in Northwest Europe. 
 
A manganese anomaly associated with the δ13C excursion in the Anglo-Paris Basin was found at a higher position in northwest Germany and is apparently absent from the German North Tethys. In both cases high Mn-contents appear to be associated with a markedly increased terrigenous input expressed by an increase in grainsize of the acid-insoluble residue. The stratigraphical value of the Mn anomaly is therefore limited. 
 
The palaeoecological conditions are discussed in terms of foraminiferal diversity and the occurrences of macrofossils. A shift to higher δ18O values coincident with the δ13C excursion is possibly a response to cooling of ocean water for which evidence is provided by a low diversity globular planktonic assemblage. The correlation of δ18O and foraminiferal diversity is suggested to provide a tool for bathymetric interpretations of sections, but needs further investigations.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Predicting liquefaction of tangier soils by using semiempirical approaches and continuum based modelling

Liquefaction potential of soils under the risk of seism is usually assessed by using correlation formulas that are based on field tests and historical earthquakes databases. These correlations depend on the site where they were derived. To use them for other sites where seismic history is not available, further investigation is needed. In this work, a one-dimensional modelling of liquefaction phenomenon is performed by using DeepSoil software. The soil data required for simulations were obtained from field tests consisting of core sampling and cone penetration testing. Using reliability analysis, the probability of liquefaction was estimated for sandy soils located in the Moroccan city of Tangier. The obtained results were found to be close to predictions due to Juang semiempirical approach.

Field of study: Engineering
Fuzzy SVM Based on Vague Sets

In order to classify data with noises or outliers,Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) improve the generalization power of traditional SVM by assigning a fuzzy membership to each input data point. In this paper,an improved FSVM based on vague sets is proposed by assigning a truth-membership and a false-membership to each data point. And we reformulate the improved FSVM so that different input points can make different contributions to decision hyperplane. Furthermore,the key part of FSVM based on vague sets is how to construct the vague membership in the training data set. Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is employed for generating the truth-membership and false-membership. The experimental result shows the proposed model is promising.

Field of study: Computer science
Multi-Omic Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Healthy Subjects Reveals Microbiome-Dependent Relationships Between Diet and Metabolites

The human microbiome has been associated with health status, and risk of disease development. While the etiology of microbiome-mediated disease remains to be fully elucidated, one mechanism may be through microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by commensal organisms, including in response to host diet, may affect host metabolic processes, with potentially protective or pathogenic consequences. We conducted multi-omic phenotyping of healthy subjects (N = 136), in order to investigate the interaction between diet, the microbiome, and the metabolome in a cross-sectional sample. We analyzed the nutrient composition of self-reported diet (3-day food records and food frequency questionnaires). We profiled the gut and oral microbiome (16S rRNA) from stool and saliva, and applied metabolomic profiling to plasma and stool samples in a subset of individuals (N = 75). We analyzed these multi-omic data to investigate the relationship between diet, the microbiome, and the gut and circulating metabolome. On a global level, we observed significant relationships, particularly between long-term diet, the gut microbiome and the metabolome. Intake of plant-derived nutrients as well as consumption of artificial sweeteners were associated with significant differences in circulating metabolites, particularly bile acids, which were dependent on gut enterotype, indicating that microbiome composition mediates the effect of diet on host physiology. Our analysis identifies dietary compounds and phytochemicals that may modulate bacterial abundance within the gut and interact with microbiome composition to alter host metabolism.

Field of study: Biology
Prevalence of anemia in First Nations children of northwestern Ontario.

To estimate the prevalence of anemia among First Nations children of northwestern Ontario.



Retrospective review of all hemoglobin determinations between 1990 and 1992 in the Sioux Lookout Zone.



The Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital, a secondary care referral hospital for 28 remote First Nations communities in northwestern Ontario, affiliated with the University of Toronto's Sioux Lookout Program.



All First Nations children age 3 to 60 months who had produced venipuncture or fingerprick blood samples between 1990 and 1992 (614 children had a total of 1223 hemoglobin determinations).



Prevalence of anemia by age, sex, geographical location, and diagnosis. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin value less than 110g/L.



Prevalence of anemia peaked in the age range of 6 to 24 months with prevalence rates of 51.7% to 79.3%. Conditions most commonly associated with anemia were respiratory tract infections. Children living in communities in the western part of the Sioux Lookout Zone were 1.64 times more likely to have anemia (95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.35) than children in the other communities.



Anemia appears to be a serious public health problem among preschool children in the Sioux Lookout Zone.

Field of study: Medicine
Redesign of a Pediatric Pharmacotherapy Elective Course to Accommodate Budget Reductions

To redesign a pediatric elective pharmacotherapy course and determine whether the redesign resulted in changes in outcome measures.  Active learning activities were moved to an online format. Prerecorded lectures continued to be used. Peer evaluation was incorporated to give the students more feedback on their performance. Assessment. Presentation grades, average examination grades, course grades, and evaluation scores from each student who completed University course evaluations were documented for students during the 2 semesters before and the 2 semesters after the course redesign. Although for undetermined reasons a drop in examination grades occurred after the course redesign, no significant differences in presentation grades, final grades, or course evaluation grades occurred.  A strategic course redesign successfully reduced the costs and faculty time required to offer an elective course viewed as essential to the curriculum, allowing the course to be continued in the face of state budget cuts.

Field of study: Education, Medicine