nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Über die Hohlraumstrahlung und die Lichtquantenhypothese

ZusammenfassungIm Anschluß an eine von L. de Broglie ausgesprochene Vermutung wird das Gleichgewicht eines Lichtquantengases untersucht, unter der Annahme, daß die Lichtquanten Wechselwirkungen aufeinander ausüben. Abweichungen von der Planckschen Auflassung, sowie die Möglichkeit von Entscheidungsversuchen werden erörtert.

Field of study: Physics
Revisiting glucose uptake and metabolism in schistosomes: new molecular insights for improved schistosomiasis therapies

A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms required for schistosomes to take up glucose, the major nutritional source exploited by these blood flukes from their mammalian hosts and the subsequent metabolism required to fuel growth and fecundity, can provide new avenues for developing novel interventions for the control of schistosomiasis. This aspect of parasitism is particularly important to paired adult schistosomes, due to their considerable requirements for the energy needed to produce the extensive numbers of eggs laid daily by the female worm. This review describes recent advances in characterizing glucose metabolism in adult schistosomes. Potential intervention targets are discussed within the insulin signaling and glycolysis pathways, both of which play critical roles in the carbohydrate and energy requirements of schistosomes.

Field of study: Biology
On the Reactivity of Gulose and Guluronic Acid Building Blocks in the Context of Alginate Assembly

A novel set of L-gulose and L-guluronic acid building blocks, comprising both monosaccharide and disaccharide synthons, was assembled to investigate how structural changes in these synthons influence the outcome of glycosylation reactions in which they are involved. Our studies corroborate previous reports that identified the gulosyl C4-OH group as a relatively poor nucleophile. We did not find a major influence of the neighboring C5 functionality on the reactivity of the alcohols, and the gulose acceptors did not provide more productive glycosylation reactions than their guluronic acid counterparts. The conformational behavior of the synthons was found to be of prime importance to the outcome of the reactions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Biphasic Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks,localization is crucial to many applications. Localization in wireless sensor networks can be taken as an unconstrained optimization problem,and a biphasic localization algorithm based on hybrid taboo search is presented. After receives reference nodes information,the node will select several suitable reference nodes according to a proposed selection operator. Based on selected reference nodes,the initial estimate of location is get using modified BoundingBox algorithm. Then,one hybrid method is presented to improve the location estimate using iterative procedure,which is the combination of taboo search and simulated annealing. The simulation demonstrates that the proposed algorithm provides good localization performance.

Field of study: Computer science
Blockade of TLR9 agonist-induced type I interferons promotes inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma and IL-17 secretion by activated human PBMC.

Type I interferons (IFN) (IFN-alpha/beta) are recognized as both inhibitors and effectors of autoimmune disease. In multiple sclerosis, IFN-beta therapy appears beneficial, in part, due to its suppression of autoimmune inflammatory Th cell responses. In contrast, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) triggering of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by autoimmune complexes (autoICs) results in circulating type I IFN that appear to promote disease by driving autoantigen presentation and autoantibody production. To investigate how pDC-derived type I IFN might regulate Th cells in SLE, we examined a model in which sustained pDC stimulation by autoICs is mimicked by pretreating normal human PBMC with TLR9 agonist, CpG-A. Subsequently, PBMC Th cells are activated with superantigen, and APC are activated with CD40L. The role of CpG-A/TLR9-induced type I IFN in regulating PBMC is determined by blocking with virus-derived soluble type I IFN receptor, B18R. In summary, pretreatment with either rhIFN-alpha/beta or CpG-A inhibits PBMC secretion of superantigen-induced IFN-gamma and IL-17, and CD40L-induced IL-12p70 and IL-23. B18R prevents these effects. Data indicate that CpG-A-induced type I IFN inhibit IL-12p70-dependent PBMC IFN-gamma secretion by enhancing IL-10. Our results suggest that in SLE, circulating type I IFN may potentially act to inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Field of study: Medicine
A reliable one-dimensional method applied to heat-transfer problems associated with insulated rectangular tanks in refrigeration systems

In this study, the heat-transfer characteristics of insulated cubes or rectangular tanks are analyzed by using the one-dimensional solid square-top wedge thermal resistance (SSWT) model and plate thermal resistance (PTR) model. It is found that, in cases of insulated tanks, the errors generated by the SSWT model are all positive and those generated by the PTR model are all negative. Thus, a combined PTR and SSWT (CPSWT) model, resulted by mixing SSWT and PTR models with the proportion factors of 0.6 vs. 0.4 (64-CPSWT model), can neutralize the positive and negative errors and obtain very accurate results in comparison with the three-dimensional numerical solutions. The errors returned by the 64-CPSWT model are within ±1% when applied to refrigeration systems with practical sizes and insulated thickness. Suggestions on how to obtain reliable heat-transfer results for an insulated rectangular tank in a refrigeration system are also presented.

Field of study: Engineering
Influence of CF_4 plasma treatment on dielectric properties of polyimide film

The polyimide film used in printed substrate is treated by CF4 plasma activation, and fluoric group is introduced to the surface of polyimide film. The results of the experiment are verified by measuring the contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of different conditions on the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of polyimide film is studied by changing the power and reaction time of plasma activation. The results show that with treatment power and treatment time up, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss obviously drops in low frequency area(1~100 Hz). At the optimized condition, the average dielectric constant changes from 2. 7 to 1. 9(1~100 Hz), and the average dielectric loss changes from 0. 145 to 0. 06(1~100 Hz).

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
International Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Quantity at the Local, Basin, and Regional Scales

This article introduces the five papers in the “International Watershed Technology” collection. These papers were selected from 60 technical presentations at the fifth biennial ASABE 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop: Improving the Quality of Water Resources at Local, Basin, and Regional Scales, held in Quito, Ecuador, on 3-9 December 2016. The conference focused on solving spatial and temporal water quality and quantity problems and addressed topics such as watershed management in developing countries, aquatic ecology and ecohydrology, ecosystem services, climate change mitigation strategies, flood forecasting, remote sensing, and water resource policy and management. While diverse, the presentation topics reflected the continuing evolution of the “data mining” and “big data” themes of past conferences related to geospatial data applications, with increasing emphasis on practical solutions. The papers selected for this collection represent applications of spatial data analyses toward practical ends with a theme of “tools and techniques for sustainability.” The papers address a range of topics, including the matching of crops with water availability, and assessing the environmental impacts of agricultural production. The papers identify some of the latest tools and techniques for improving sustainability in watershed resource management that are relevant to both developing and developed countries.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Study of Financial Agglomeration Forming Mode: Global Views & Local Choice

Financial agglomeration essentially comes from the development and evolution of economy,what its disciplinarian of self evolution.From the experience of the world financial center's forming,we can find out t financial agglomeration has two kinds of forming modes: self-development and interposition development.This article analyzes the absolutely different two forming modes of financial agglomeration of LONDON and SINGAPORE.On this basis,the author concludes the main factor of the financial agglomeration,and provides the advices of how to strongly boost this agglomeration in China.

Field of study: Economics
The Effects of Pre-treatment Depressive Symptoms on Quality of Life Across Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain

Recent studies suggest that chronic pain affects millions and carries significant physical, financial, and social burdens, and thus adversely affects quality of life (QOL). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBTp) is a non-pharmacological treatment method which has been shown to reduce a sufferer’s experience of chronic pain and improve overall QOL. These and other studies also indicate that affective symptoms likely impact the effectiveness of CBTp. The current study focused on the effects of depressive symptoms on changes in QOL ratings across a 12-session CBT for chronic pain. Participants in this study (n = 313; mean age = 46.83 years, SD = 10.99, range = 19.1–79.9, 63.9% female, 83.9% Caucasian) were current patients of a mid-sized tertiary multidisciplinary outpatient chronic pain treatment facility. Progress through CBTp was assessed using QOL as a dependent variable and analyzed using RMANOVAs. All participants showed improvements in QOL ratings across the CBTp period, but greater improvements were seen in participants in the low depression category than in the high or moderate depression category. This study also confirms the clinical utility of the BDI-II with chronic pain patients.

Field of study: Psychology
Vehicle Driving Wandering Automatic System Based on Laser Ranging

Laser ranging has so many advantages, such as rapid response, high accuracy, and excellent reliability and so on, it is widely used in numerous engineering test field. To use laser range on the measurements of vehicle driving wandering can simplify the structure of vehicle driving wandering test system and improve its usability. With lucubrating the compose and theory, test procedure and data processing method of vehicle driving wandering system which is based on laser ranging, it has developed a new set of vehicle driving wandering system which is based on laser ranging. Making use of the symmetric method of laser ranging can eliminate the effect of auto vibration; Vehicle driving wandering test system based on the lab view platform will achieve automatic control, signal transmission, data acquisition and processing, test result’s sharing, inquiring and so on.

Field of study: Engineering
Über eine Verallgemeinerung des Einsteinschen Raumtyps

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein Raumtypus behandelt, der „Richtungsraum“, in dem die Richtungsübertragung, nicht aber die LÄngenübertragung vom Wege unabhÄngig ist. Die notwendigen und hinreichenden Bedingungen für das Vorliegen eines Richtungsraumes werden angegeben. Der Richtungsraum wird mit Hilfe einesn-Beinfeldes dargestellt. Ein spezieller metrischer Zusammenhang wird untersucht.

Field of study: Physics
The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of IGF-1R in NSCLC: a Meta-Analysis

Accumulating studies have reported that IGF-1R (Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor) is aberrantly expressed in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), but the role of IGF-1R in NSCLC remains controversial. The present paper assessed the precise role of IGF-1R in NSCLC.  We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science in March 2017. Combined HRs and ORs were used to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of IGF-1R in NSCLC respectively.  A total of 10 eligible studies including 8 on overall survival, and 10 on clinicopathological features were identified from the databases. The results showed that high expression of IGF-1R was associated with shorter OS (overall survival) of NSCLC patients (pooled HR 1.17,95 % CI 1.00–1.36). In addition, we found that IGF-1R was related to smoking status (OR=1.82, 95 % CI=1.35-2.44) and IGF-1R tended to be highly expressed in SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) (OR=3.40 95 % CI: 1.95-5.95).  In summary, this meta-analysis revealed that high expression of IGF-1R was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
HLA‐DMB expression by thyrocytes: indication of the antigen‐processing and possible presenting capability of thyroid cells

Expression of HLA class II molecules on thyrocytes is a characteristic feature of autoimmune thyroid disease and may lead the thyroid cells to present autoantigens to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Since HLA‐DM is a critical molecule in class II‐restricted antigen processing and presentation, we assessed the expression of HLA‐DMB, ‐invariant chain (Ii), class II transactivator (CIITA) and DRA in an untransformed, pure thyrocyte strain HTV‐59A. Here we report that both HLA‐DMB mRNA and the protein are expressed in thyrocytes and that CIITA expression is enhanced by interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) treatment and occurs before DMB, Ii and DRA up‐regulation, suggesting CIITA expression is a requirement for antigen processing in thyrocytes. These results indicate that thyrocytes are capable of antigen processing and possibly antigen presentation to T cells.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
$\mathcal{A}\mathcal{V}$ modules of finite type on affine space

We study the category of modules admitting compatible actions of the Lie algebra $\mathcal{V}$ of vector fields on an affine space and the algebra $\mathcal{A}$ of polynomial functions. We show that modules in this category which are finitely generated over $\mathcal{A}$, are free. We also show that this pair of compatible actions is equivalent to commuting actions of the algebra of differential operators and the Lie algebra of vector fields vanishing at the origin. This allows us to construct explicit realizations of such modules as gauge modules.

Field of study: Mathematics
Facile and Rapid Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles VIA a Multicomponent Domino Reaction Using Nickel(II) Oxide Nanoparticles as Catalyst

2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives were synthesized through multicomponent domino Knoevenagel condensation/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of carbonyl compounds, malononitrile, and sodium azide in the presence of NiO nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst. This method has the advantage of very short reaction times, high yields, simple methodology, and easy work-up. The catalyst can be recovered and reused while maintaining good yields.

Field of study: Chemistry
Latent-Variable Models of Attributional Measurement

Several researchers have called for investigation of the psychometric properties of widely used attributional measures. Models involving multiple indicators of a latent (unmeasured) variable provide a valuable approach to this type of problem. A strategy that gives evidence about the relative merit of several attributional measures is illustrated. In general it appears that the best item of those tested is one asking for ratings of the cause of an event on a scale from dispositional to situational. A question about predicted recurrence of the event serves almost as well, while questions about the actor's freedom in, and responsibility for, the event are substantially less adequate measures of an underlying attributional construct.

Field of study: Psychology
3,5-Di-tert-butylphenyl (DtBuP) Group as a Protecting Group for Kinetic Stabilization. Preparation and Characterizatioin of 2,6-Naphthoquinone Skeleton

A potential use of a 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl group for kinetically stabilization and the isolation of a stabilized 2,6-napthoquinone derivative are discussed.

Field of study: Chemistry
QuickFuzz testing for fun and profit

Fuzzing is a popular technique to find flaws in programs using invalid or erroneous inputs but not without its drawbacks. At one hand, mutational fuzzers require a set of valid inputs as a starting point, in which modifications are then introduced. On the other hand, generational fuzzing allows to synthesize somehow valid inputs according to a specification. Unfortunately, this requires to have a deep knowledge of the file formats under test to write specifications of them to guide the test case generation process. In this paper we introduce an extended and improved version of QuickFuzz, a tool written in Haskell designed for testing unexpected inputs of common file formats on third-party software, taking advantage of off-the-self well known fuzzers. Unlike other generational fuzzers, QuickFuzz does not require to write specifications for the file formats in question since it relies on existing file-format-handling libraries available on the Haskell code repository. It supports almost 40 different complex file-types including images, documents, source code and digital certificates. In particular, we found QuickFuzz useful enough to discover many previously unknown vulnerabilities on real-world implementations of web browsers and image processing libraries among others.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Sorption of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Aqueous Solution to Metal Oxide and Hydrophobic Substrates

The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) may be introduced into water supplies by a number of processes, including runoff and infiltration from areas where wastes from infected hosts are dispersed on soils. Soil particles may attenuate or, when suspended in flow with sufficient kinetic energy, act as transport sites for oocysts. Sorption may also be reversed by the frictional force of flowing water. As a first step toward understanding oocyst attentuation and transport, we examined partitioning in a two-phase, laminar flow microduct. This exposed aqueous suspensions of C. parvum oocysts to metal oxide and hydrophobic substrates (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, and octadecyltrichlorosilane ((OTS) CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, a hydrophobic monolayer)) on transparent glass slides. Sorption under laminar flow conditions was observed for unexposed oocysts and oocysts subjected to freeze−thaw cycling and desiccation. The results indicate differences in sorption between substrates and oocyst exposure to stresses. Regardless of e...

Field of study: Environmental science
Research in the changeable of the mental processes, the individual characters,and the sport abilities at each round of tae kwon do matches

In order to know the condition of the changeadle of the Tae Kwon Do athletes mental processes ,individual characters,and sport abilities at each round of the violent matches,we surveied 25 male athletes of Guangdong team systematically ,and the results showed that The mental processes at the second round superior to the other state The individual characters on the state of moving less than the state of stable,but the state at the first round superior to the second round and the third round。The sport abilities at the second round is the best white moving

Field of study: Education
Investigation of heat, mass transfer and fluid flow characteristics in evaporative condensers☆

Heat and mass transfer and fluid flow characteristics in evaporative condensers is discussed. A complex pattern of water temperature and air enthalpy change was detected which depended upon elevation above the sump level. The results have indicated that the spray-filled space beneath the coil has a substantial effect of heat rejection in this type of apparatus. On the other hand, the effect of the upper spray nozzle zone is insignificant. It is possible to optimize the combination of various heat and mass transfer spaces, as well as the effect of extended surfaces and spray-filled spaces. Specifically, it will help to design better evaporative condensers with closely spaced staggered tubes, and to optimize the heat transfer and energy efficiency characteristics of such units.

Field of study: Engineering
Time Series Model Specification in the Presence of Outliers

Outliers are commonplace in data analysis. Time series analysis is no exception. Noting that the effect of outliers on model identification statistics could be serious, this article is concerned with the problem of time series model specification in the presence of outliers. An iterative procedure is proposed to identify the outliers, to remove their effects, and to specify a tentative model for the underlying process. The procedure is essentially based on the iterative estimation procedure of Chang and Tiao (1983) and the extended sample autocorrelation function (ESACF) model identification method of Tsay and Tiao (1984). An example is given. Properties of the proposed procedure are discussed.

Field of study: Mathematics
Urinary tract imaging.

This article reviews the current imaging investigations usually required in the work-up of common urinary tract problems such as urinary tract infection, colic, trauma, hematuria and renal failure. Radiological therapeutic techniques such as percutaneous nephrostomy for drainage of obstructed systems and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of renal calculi are briefly mentioned. The virtual elimination of percutaneous or open surgery for renal and upper urinary tract stones, resulting from the installation of the first and only Canadian extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter in the Department of Radiology at the Vancouver General Hospital is also discussed.

Field of study: Medicine