nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetically assisted electron-phonon coupling and spin-lattice interaction in Fe-based superconductors

We present a theoretical ab-initio approach that allows us to explicitly calculate the superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) of the iron-based superconductors of LaFeAsO1-xFx, SmFeAsO1-xFx, NdFeAsO1-xFx, Ba1-xKxFe2As2, FeSe and LiFeAs that fit perfectly with the experiments. We consider recent evidence that electron-phonon coupling may have been underestimated previously, and a prediction that antiferromagnetism can greatly enhance electron-phonon coupling through localized iron d orbitals. We then include the contribution of these localized orbitals in a McMillan formalism. In addition, we take into account the spin-lattice interaction between the spin-polarized electrons at the Fermi surface and the iron orbitals in combination with a modified exchange Hamiltonian involving a ferrimagnetic coupling between Fe and As. With this approach we can accurately calculate the Tc of FeSe (11 family), LiFeAs (111 family), LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 (1111 family) and BaFe2As2 (122 family) as a function of pressure. In addition, we also obtain the correct doping dependence of Tc of LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 (1111 family) and BaFe2As2 (122 family).

Field of study: Physics
Advanced Material Strategies for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous attention in various fields. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop novel additive manufacturing processes such as micro-/nano-scale 3D printing, bioprinting, and 4D printing for the fabrication of complex 3D structures with high resolution, living components, and multimaterials. The development of advanced functional materials is important for the implementation of these novel additive manufacturing processes. Here, a state-of-the-art review on advanced material strategies for novel additive manufacturing processes is provided, mainly including conductive materials, biomaterials, and smart materials. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of these materials for additive manufacturing are discussed. It is believed that the innovations of material strategies in parallel with the evolution of additive manufacturing processes will provide numerous possibilities for the fabrication of complex smart constructs with multiple functions, which will significantly widen the application fields of next-generation additive manufacturing.

Field of study: Materials science
Forgive and Forget, or Forgive and Regret? Whether Forgiveness Leads to Less or More Offending Depends on Offender Agreeableness

How does forgiveness predict the likelihood of reoffending? One survey study, one experiment, one 4-year longitudinal study, and one 2-week diary study examined the implications of forgiveness for reoffending in relationships. In all four studies, agreeableness interacted with partner forgiveness to predict subsequent offending; partner forgiveness was negatively associated with subsequent offending among more agreeable people but positively associated with subsequent offending among less agreeable people. Furthermore, Study 4 demonstrated a unique mechanism of each simple effect; relatively agreeable people engaged in fewer transgressions against more forgiving partners because they felt obligated to refrain from transgressing against such partners whereas relatively disagreeable people engaged in more transgressions against more forgiving partners because they perceived those partners were less easily angered. These studies indicate that completely understanding the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of forgiveness requires recognizing the dyadic nature of forgiveness and attending to qualities of the offender.

Field of study: Psychology
Residents’ clinical questions

To assess residents’ clinical questions, where they get their answers, the utility of those answers, and if an evidence-based medicine (EBM) workshop improves the use of evidence-based electronic resources.

Design Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting Urban family medicine teaching clinics in Edmonton, Alta, in 2007.

Participants First- and second-year family medicine residents training in the family medicine teaching units.

 An observer recorded clinical questions posed by residents in clinic, the resources used to answer these questions, and how residents thought the answers modified practice. Resources were categorized broadly as colleagues, electronic, or paper. Answer utility was ranked in decreasing order as large change, small change, confirmed, expanded knowledge, or no help. Use of resources was compared before and after an EBM workshop, and between residents under normal supervision and those in semi-independent clinics.

 Thirty-eight residents from 5 sites were observed addressing 325 questions in 114 clinical half-day sessions (420 patients). Residents had 0.8 questions per patient and answered 83.4% of questions with 1 resource (range 1 to 6). Residents made 406 attempts to answer questions, using colleagues 65.5% of the time (93.6% were preceptors), electronic resources 20.7% of the time, and paper resources 13.8% of the time. Answers from colleagues were least likely to require secondary resources (F test, P < .001). The utility of answers from colleagues (F test, P = .002) was superior to that of answers from electronic resources, and this difference remained significantly higher in sensitivity analysis. The EBM workshop training did not influence electronic resource use (17.8% before and 15.1% after, Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, P = .18), but semi-independence from preceptors increased the use of electronic resources from 16.5% to 51.0% (Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, P < .001).

 Residents have many questions during clinical practice. Preceptors were used more commonly than all other resources combined and were the most dependable resource for residents to obtain answers. Although an EBM workshop was not associated with increased use of electronic evidence-based resources, semi-independent work appeared to be.

Field of study: Medicine
Principal threats to the conservation of freshwater habitats in the continental biogeographical region of Central Europe

In this paper, we discuss the threats to freshwater habitats that are highly important to the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Europe, specifically in Poland. The study covers nine freshwater habitat types distinguished in Natura 2000, Annex I of the Habitats Directive, which is a network of nature protection areas in the territory: standing water bodies (3110, 3130, 3140, 3150, and 3160) and running water (3260, 3220, 3240, and 3270), occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation in Poland. Of the 72,673 km2 total area of freshwater habitat covered by Natura 2000 in Poland, only 25.70% was classified, from the period 2006‒2018, as favourable status, whereas 68.72% was classified as unfavourable inadequate or unfavourable bad status. Based on a multivariate analysis, we found that significant differences in the conservation status of freshwater habitats resulted from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities, among which the most significant are urbanization and residential and commercial development; transportation and service corridors; decreased and unstable water resources; fishing and harvesting of aquatic resources; agricultural pollution; improper management and use of the agricultural catchment and forest catchment; changes in biocenotic evolution, invasive species succession, and more intense touristic exploration. The changes in conservation status of habitats 3110, 3130, 3140, 3160, and 3260 are also associated with climate change. Taking into account the threats identified, a list of recommended practices for the freshwater habitat types is presented, to be considered in habitat conservation programmes.

Field of study: Environmental science
ID: 5: Human type I interferonopathies

The dissection of the genetic basis of the rare inflammatory phenotype Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS), and the ongoing definition of a primary link between nucleic acid metabolism and interferon signaling, led to the proposition, in 2011, of the grouping of Mendelian disorders associated with an up-regulation of type I interferon as a novel set of inborn errors of immunity, in which such up-regulation is central to pathogenesis. I will provide a brief update on these human type I interferonopathies, which I suggest can be usefully considered together at a clinical and pathological level, with the implication being that common treatment modalities might be applicable in the future.

Field of study: Medicine
An Investigation of Dose Rate and Source Dependent Effects in 200 GHz SiGe HBTs

We present an investigation of the observed variations in the total dose tolerance of the emitter-base spacer and shallow trench isolation oxides in a commercial 200 GHz SiGe HBT technology. Proton, gamma, and X-ray irradiations at varying dose rates are found to produce drastically different degradation signatures at the various oxide interfaces. Extraction and analysis of the radiation-induced excess base current, as well as low-frequency noise, are used to probe the underlying physical mechanisms. Two-dimensional calibrated device simulations are employed to correlate the observed results to the spatial distributions of carrier recombination in forward- and inverse-mode operation for both pre- and post-irradiation levels. Possible explanations of our observations are offered and the implications for hardness assurance testing are discussed

Field of study: Physics
Strong lensing with superfluid dark matter

In superfluid dark matter the exchange of phonons can create an additional force that has an effect similar to Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). To test whether this hypothesis is compatible with observation, we study a set of strong gravitational lenses from the SLACS survey and check whether the measurements can be explained by a superfluid in the central region of galaxies. Concretely, we try to simultaneously fit each lens's Einstein radius and velocity dispersion with a spherically symmetric density profile of a fluid that has both a normal and a superfluid component. We demonstrate that we can successfully fit all galaxies except one, and that the fits have reasonable stellar mass-to-light-ratios. We conclude that strong gravitational lensing does not pose a challenge for the idea that superfluid dark matter mimics modified gravity.

Field of study: Physics
Engineering Method for the Thermal Mechanical Erosion of C/C Composite with the Mesoscale Ablation Model

A physical model to simulate the mesoscale morphology evolution of carbon fiber is established to characterize the thermal mechanical erosion behavior of C/C composite in high temperature and high pressure gas flow. The process of mechanical erosion of single carbon fiber is calculated by the DSMC method. The fracture criteria and mesoscale mechanical erosion model of carbon fiber are developed by theory of mechanics of materials. Finally, an engineering method for prediction of mesoscale mechanical erosion is formulated, and the predictions agree well with the experiment results.

Field of study: Materials science
Increase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum numbers in soils and enhanced nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L) merr.) using granular inoculants amended with nutrients

Mineral microgranules, amended with nutrients and inoculated with either peat or liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants, increased the growth and recovery of the bacterium during laboratory incubation in unsterilized soil. Increases in the range of 1 log unit per g or ml inoculant used were observed in different soil types. B. japonicum showed better survival with nutrient-amended granules than in unamended ones, in soil undergoing desiccation. In a growth chamber experiment, the number of nodules per plant were significantly increased by nutrient-amendment of the granules, but only under suboptimal conditions for nodulation. Nutrient-amended granules significantly enhanced early nodulation of soybean and increased N content of the grain at harvest in four field trials. All these effects were obtained using an average of 10 kg granules amended with 1.14 kg glycerol and 0.16 kg sodium glutamate per hectare. The possible use of nutrient-amended granules to improve efficacy and reliability of microbial inoculation is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
LOCO: Distributing Ridge Regression with Random Projections

We propose LOCO, an algorithm for large-scale ridge regression which distributes the features across workers on a cluster. Important dependencies between variables are preserved using structured random projections which are cheap to compute and must only be communicated once. We show that LOCO obtains a solution which is close to the exact ridge regression solution in the fixed design setting. We verify this experimentally in a simulation study as well as an application to climate prediction. Furthermore, we show that LOCO achieves significant speedups compared with a state-of-the-art distributed algorithm on a large-scale regression problem.

Field of study: Computer science
Association mapping for chilling tolerance in elite flint and dent maize inbred lines evaluated in growth chamber and field experiments.

Chilling sensitivity of maize is a strong limitation for its cultivation in the cooler areas of the northern and southern hemisphere because reduced growth in early stages impairs on later biomass accumulation. Efficient breeding for chilling tolerance is hampered by both the complex physiological response of maize to chilling temperatures and the difficulty to accurately measure chilling tolerance in the field under fluctuating climatic conditions. For this research, we used genome-wide association (GWA) mapping to identify genes underlying chilling tolerance under both controlled and field conditions in a broad germplasm collection of 375 maize inbred lines genotyped with 56 110 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We identified 19 highly significant association signals explaining between 5.7 and 52.5% of the phenotypic variance observed for early growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The allelic effect of several SNPs identified for early growth was associated with temperature and incident radiation. Candidate genes involved in ethylene signalling, brassinolide, and lignin biosynthesis were found in their vicinity. The frequent involvement of candidate genes into signalling or gene expression regulation underlines the complex response of photosynthetic performance and early growth to climatic conditions, and supports pleiotropism as a major cause of co-locations of quantitative trait loci for these highly polygenic traits.

Field of study: Environmental science
Density PDFs of diffuse gas in the Milky Way

The probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the average densities of the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) and the diffuse atomic gas are close to lognormal, especially when lines of sight at | b | ∘ and | b |≥ 5 ∘ are considered separately. Our results provide strong support for the existence of a lognormal density PDF in the diffuse ISM, consistent with a turbulent origin of density structure in the diffuse gas.

Field of study: Physics
Combinations of response-reinforcer relations in periodic and aperiodic schedules.

Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, in successive conditions. The change in response rates was positively related to the percentage of response-dependent food in each schedule component. Across conditions, positively accelerated and linear patterns of responding occurred consistently in the fixed and variable components, respectively. These results suggest that the response-food dependency determines response rates in periodic and aperiodic schedules, and that the temporal distribution of food determines response patterns independently of the response-food dependency. Running rates, but not postfood pauses, also were positively related to the percentage of dependent food in each condition, in both fixed and variable components. Thus, the relation between overall response rate and the percentage of dependent food was mediated by responding that occurred after postfood pausing. The findings together extend previous studies wherein the dependency was either always present or absent, and increase the generality of the effects of variations in the response-food dependency from aperiodic to periodic schedules.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
The analysis of the anomalous hot-carrier effect in partially depleted SOI pMOSFETs fabricated on modified wafer

The anomalous hot-carrier effect in partially depleted SOI pMOSFETs fabricated on modified wafer by silicon ion implantation is investigated and a theoretical analysis is proposed. The abnormal degradation and leakage current induced by hot carrier stress on the front gate are observed. The reason is that the silicon nanoclusters formed by silicon ion implantation can capture a large number of hot electrons during the stress. The effect of silicon ion implantation depth on this anomalous degradation is also investigated. Implantation closer to the interface of top silicon and buried oxide layer leads to more metastable traps and thus to varying degrees of degradation.

Field of study: Engineering
Magnetocapacitance of a graphene monolayer

We present a theoretical study of magnetocapacitance in a graphene monolayer at finite temperature taking into account the effects of disorder. The density of states (DOS) and magnetocapacitance found for graphene are compared to those found in standard two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems. The magnetic oscillations in DOS and magnetocapacitance are found to be enhanced and much more robust with respect to temperature damping in monolayer graphene in comparison with a 2DEG. Furthermore, we find that there is a $\pi$ phase shift between magnetic oscillations in the two systems which can be attributed to Dirac electrons in graphene acquiring a Berry's phase as they traverse a closed path in a magnetic field.

Field of study: Physics
Search, Unemployment, and the Production of Jobs

The authors investigate the performance of the economy when search is required to find employment and when the duration of unemployment varies across sectors. They assume that in one sector factor markets are frictionless, while in the other se ctor idle factors of production must actively search each other out i n order to produce. They focus on how well the economy allocates work ers across sectors and the conditions under which the factor mix with in a sector is correct. The authors demonstrate that in equilibrium t he search sector is too small and its factor intensity is too asymmet ric.

Field of study: Economics
Security Management in a Terrorized Nigeria: The Task for Educators

The need for security management in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized with the rising trend of terrorism in the country.  The cities as well as the villages are no longer safe neither are the young or old safe as terror could come knocking, on any one and at any time.  Backed by the  Peaceful Coexistence and General systems theories, this study examined the task of educators in management of security in present day Nigeria.  The need for character development and values reorientation useful in inculcating the right virtues, values and skills in her citizens in order to curb terrorism and promote peaceful coexistence in the country was established.  Other tasks for educators include: being role models to students; organizing seminars, workshops and field trips in collaboration with other governmental and non-governmental anti-terrorism agencies; conducting proper background checks by the Teachers Registration Council before teachers are registered and eventually employed to have a one-on-one interaction with students; continuous review and implementation of school curriculum amongst others. It was concluded that educators are an indispensable tool in the fight against terrorism in Nigeria.  Security Management; Terrorism; Role of Educators.

Field of study: Education
L’aspect émotionnel de la visite guidée assurée par un guide-conférencier professionnel à travers une étude de cas d’une visite du lieu de mémoire (Paneriai)

Resume Contexte La visite guidee se situe dans le champ marque par une forte interdisciplinarite. Regardee dans la perspective des sciences de la communication et de l’information elle apparait comme une pratique interculturelle au cœur du metier de guide-conferencier. Nombreux sont les travaux consacres aux techniques et technologies en communication qui se penchent sur ce sujet. Cependant l’aspect emotionnel de la pratique reste largement sous-estime. Objectif L’objectif de cette etude est d’explorer quelles emotions sont en jeu lors d’une visite guidee d’un lieu de memoire specifique, ou la mort, les represailles politiques et la vie humaine sont au centre de l’attention, ceci afin de comprendre comment les emotions sont prises en compte par le guide-conferencier professionnel lors d’une interaction entre le site visite, le guide et les visiteurs. Methode Pour ce faire les outils de la methode qualitative ont ete croisees : l’observation directe, le questionnaire et un entretien approfondie semi-directif appuyes par un corpus documentaire. Ceci a permis de construire le cas du Paneriai, memorial d’holocauste en Lituanie. Tenant compte du caractere ephemere de l’action observee, l’approche qualitative et situationnelle apparait comme la plus appropriee. Resultats Les donnees recueillies permettent de dire que la visite de ce type de lieu vise uniquement l’information des visiteurs et la comprehension des contenus exposes. Il n’est pas question de divertissement. Un discours structure et les savoirs specifiques sont necessaires pour assurer le bon deroulement de la pratique et les echanges entre le guide et les visiteurs. Les emotions dominantes recensees sont la peur, la compassion, la tristesse. Elles sont amplifiees par le recit du guide et peuvent mener jusqu’au trouble psychologique. Limite Face a ce resultat il serait interessant d’interroger les visiteurs sur la maniere dont ils surmontent leur souffrance par une croyance ou un ideal. Or le questionnaire ne contenait pas une telle interrogation, car elle n’a pas pu etre anticipee. Cependant, l’etude de l’interaction permet d’identifier les limites de la fonction de guide-conferencier : traiter les convictions plutot que la croyance, accueillir les emotions plutot que les soigner par la parole. Ainsi le guide cree une occasion de reconnaitre les sentiments que les visiteurs cherchent a apaiser, ce qui permet d’attenuer la tension emotionnelle qui se produit souvent dans ce type de lieu. Perspective Ce constat pourrait permettre la prise en compte de la responsabilite porte par le guide dans la reflexion autour de sa mission.

Field of study: Philosophy
Bidiagonal pairs, the Lie algebra sl_2, and the quantum group U_q(sl_2)

We introduce a linear algebraic object called a bidiagonal pair. Roughly speaking, a bidiagonal pair is a pair of diagonalizable linear transformations on a finite-dimensional vector space, each of which acts in a bidiagonal fashion on the eigenspaces of the other. We associate to each bidiagonal pair a sequence of scalars called a parameter array. Using this concept of a parameter array we present a classification of bidiagonal pairs up to isomorphism. The statement of this classification does not explicitly mention the Lie algebra $\SL$ or the quantum group $\uq$. However, its proof makes use of the finite-dimensional representation theory of $\SL$ and $\uq$. In addition to the classification we make explicit the relationship between bidiagonal pairs and modules for $\SL$ and $\uq$.

Field of study: Mathematics