nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Domains of attraction of asymptotic distributions of extreme generalized order statistics

In extreme value theory for ordinary order statistics, there are many results that characterize the domains of attraction of the three extreme value distributions. In this article, we consider a subclass of generalized order statistics for which also three types of limit distributions occur. We characterize the domains of attraction of these limit distributions by means of necessary and/or sufficient conditions for an underlying distribution function to belong to the respective domain of attraction. Moreover, we compare the domains of attraction of the limit distributions for extreme generalized order statistics with the domains of attraction of the extreme value distributions.

Field of study: Mathematics
SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. I. ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 5548 WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH ON HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

We describe the first results from a six-month long reverberation-mapping experiment in the ultraviolet based on 171 observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Significant correlated variability is found in the continuum and broad emission lines, with amplitudes ranging from ∼30% to a factor of two in the emission lines and a factor of three in the continuum. The variations of all the strong emission lines lag behind those of the continuum, with He II λ1640 lagging behind the continuum by ∼2.5 days and Lyα λ1215 ,C IV λ1550, and Si IV λ1400 lagging by ∼5–6 days. The relationship between the continuum and emission lines is complex. In particular, during the second half of the campaign, all emission-line lags increased by a factor of 1.3–2 and differences appear in the detailed structure of the continuum and emissionline light curves. Velocity-resolved cross-correlation analysis shows coherent structure in lag versus line of sight velocity for the emission lines; the high-velocity wings of C IV respond to continuum variations more rapidly than the line core, probably indicating higher velocity broad-line region clouds at smaller distances from the central

Field of study: Physics
Faulted Limestone Block Dredged from Blake Escarpment

An in-place limestone block dredged from the upper part of the Blake escarpment (1630 to 2000 m) has two distinct shear planes at an acute angle with well-developed slickensides. The orientation of the slickenside grooves parallel to bedding defined by miliolid foraminifera and lips on the slickenside surface indicate that strike-slip displacement, probably right-lateral, was involved in the faulting. Paleontological and outcrop depth evidence suggest a Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian ?) age for the dredged boulder. This faulting of Cretaceous strata at the Blake escarpment is believed to be associated with the Great Abaco fault, a presumed extension from transform faulting along a fracture zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Field of study: Geology
Antioxidant activity in vitro of compound beverage of purple sweet potato and black grape

Purple sweet potato and black grape were used to make compound beverage. Antioxidant activity in vitro of compound beverage were examined. When anthocyanins were 3.9 mg/mL, 50% hydroxy radicals were scavenged. When anthocyanins were 2.9 mg/mL, 50% superoxide radicals were scavenged.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Optimistic concurrency control protocol for real-time databases

In recent years, the use of optimistic schemes for concurrency control in real-time database systems (RTDBS) has received more and more attention. Different real-time optimistic protocols have been proposed. They incorporate different priority conflict resolution methods into the validation phase of a transaction to give preferences for the commitment of higher priority transactions. However, some of these protocols suffer from the problem of heavy restart overheads. Restarting near-to-complete transactions greatly increases the system workload and the deadline missing probability of the transactions (Haritsa et al., 1992; Huang, 1991). In order to reduce the number of restarts, dynamic adjustment of the serialization order of the conflicting transactions has been suggested using timestamp intervals to record the transactions' serialization constraints (Lee and Son, 1993a, 1993b; Lee, 1994). However, these kinds of protocols have the problem of heavy implementation overheads as the timestamp intervals have to be checked and updated in case of any conflict even though the transactions are still in their read phases (Lee, 1994). In this paper, we propose a new real-time optimistic protocol which employs the notion of dynamic adjustment of serialization order by backward-adjusting the non-serious conflicting transactions before the committing transactions so that many restarts can be eliminated. In the protocol, the overhead to support dynamic adjustment of serialization order is small. All checking is performed at the validation test of a transaction so as to provide more freedom for the adjustments. No conflict and serialization constraints have to be recorded during the read phase of a transaction. Performance studies of the proposed protocol by varying different parameters indicate that it outperforms other protocols.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Endogenous histamine inhibits the development of morphine-induced conditioned place preference

The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to investigate the effects of endogenous histamine on the processes leading to morphine-induced reward-seeking behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats.The model of CPP was used to assess the rewarding effect of morphine. The levels of histamine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (DOPAC) in rat brains were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons.Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (2, 5 or 10 mg/kg) induced the development of CPP in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, morphine administrations (10 mg/kg) decreased the histamine content and reduced the number and size of histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TM), as well as markedly increasing the DOPAC/DA ratios in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Intraperitoneal injection of histidine (50,100 or 200 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the development of morphine-induced CPP. Bilateral lesions of the TM, which decreased the histamine levels in the VTA and NAc, potentiated the development of CPP induced by morphine (1 mg/kg, a dose that produced no appreciable effect when given alone) and increased the DOPAC/DA ratios in the VTA and NAc, but did not change the glutamate or GABA levels in these nuclei. Histidine reversed the effects of the TM lesions.These results indicate that endogenous histamine plays a role in inhibiting the development of morphine-induced reward-seeking behavior, and the inhibition may involve the modulation of dopaminergic activity.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Anesthetic Challenge in Corrective Hand Surgery in a Child with Russell–Silver Syndrome

Co-morbidities associated with Russell–Silver syndrome (RSS), viz. severe postnatal growth retardation, congenital heart disease, dysmorphic facial features, limb asymmetry, various patterns of hypogonadism, and constellation of endocrine abnormalities, present significant anesthetic challenge during surgery. We report a case of Russell–Silver syndrome in a 51⁄2-year-old boy who underwent corrective hand surgery and the anesthetic challenges he presented. Russell– Silver syndrome has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with variable expressivity and its diagnosis remains primarily clinical, as no definite etiology or specific tests have been established yet. We anticipated difficulty in airway management of this child and so we ensured availability of ancillary equipments and presence of skilled anesthesiologists. This helped us to conduct surgery successfully without any anesthetic complications.

Field of study: Medicine
Thermal vibration in superionic conducting glass 5Agl–3Ag2O–2V2O5

The X-ray diffraction measurement for superionic conducting glass 5Agl–3Ag 2 O–2V 2 O 5 was carried out at 12, 100, 200 and 290 K. The temperature dependence of structure factor S ( Q ) of 5Agl–3Ag 2 O–2V 2 O 5 has been discussed based on the theoretical treatment that includes thermal vibration of atoms in noncrystalline materials. The effective overall Debye–Waller temperature parameter B increases with the increase of temperature.

Field of study: Materials science
EVALUATING A DANCE-RELATED ONGOING TRAINING PROCESS: ACTION RESEARCH IN FOCUS

Ongoing training is a quite relevant theme in the education field. It allows teachers to develop their professional skills, seeking to solve everyday problems by means of acquired information or of information resulting from reflection with peers about pedagogical practice. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the possibilities of an action research in ongoing training involving school dance with Physical Education teachers from the municipality of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study had the participation of 26 teachers from the municipal network. The methodological proposal followed the different steps of action research, comprehending the identification of needs (step 1), action planning (step 2), action implementation (step 3), action description and monitoring (step 4) and action result evaluation (step 5). Action results suggested the appropriation of knowledge by the teachers, greater motivation toward the teaching practice in school, effective exchange among peers, and possibility of approaching dance in school. The study also revealed the importance of ongoing training, allowing the construction of new types of learning, with changes in the teachers' attitudes, knowledge and pedagogical practices.

Field of study: Education
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 involvement in the enhancement of contextual fear conditioning by nicotine.

Contextual fear conditioning is enhanced by nicotine, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) has been shown to play an integral role in the formation of contextual fear memories. As such, it is possible that ERK 1/2 is involved in the enhancement of contextual fear conditioning by nicotine. To determine whether ERK 1/2 plays a role in this enhancement, a dose of SL327 (a selective, systemic ERK 1/2 inhibitor) that is subthreshold for inhibiting contextual fear conditioning was coadministered with nicotine prior to training, testing, or both training and testing of contextual fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice. When administered prior to training, this subthreshold dose of SL327 attenuated the enhancement of contextual fear conditioning by nicotine to levels similar to those of vehicle-treated animals. When administered prior to testing, the subthreshold dose of SL327 did not significantly alter conditioning. These results suggest that activation of ERK 1/2 by nicotine during acquisition leads to an enhancement of contextual fear conditioning.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Microwave response of Bi- and Tl-oxide superconductors

The measurement of the nonbolometric microwave response of a superconducting film may provide a method of detecting the coexistence of different phases of the film. Experimental results suggest that increased granularity of a film leads to a larger nonbolometric effect. The main mechanism of the nonbolometric microwave response is thought to be due to the interaction between microwave radiation and the intergranular weak links in the film.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Alcove walks, buildings, symmetric functions and representations

For a complex simple Lie algebra g, the dimension K�µ of theweight space of a finite dimensional representation of highest weight λ is the same as the number of Littelmann paths of type λ and weight � . In this paper we give an explicit construction of a path of type λ and weightwhenever K�µ 6 0. This construction has additional consequences, it produces an explicit point in the building which chamber retracts to λ and sector retracts to � , and an explicit point of the affine Grassmannian in the corresponding Mirkovic-Vilonen intersection. In an appendix we discuss the connection between retractions in buildings and alcove walks.

Field of study: Mathematics
STATISTICAL APPROACH TO INCORPORATING THE INFLUENCE OF LAND-GRADING PRECISION ON LEVEL-BASIN PERFORMANCE

Monte-Carlo simulation was used to determine the suitability of statistical equations for estimating the 
influence of soil surface elevations on the low-quarter distribution uniformity, DUlq, of level-basin irrigation systems. It 
was shown that these equations give reasonable estimates of DUlq, provided that the advance curve is known. The Monte- 
Carlo simulations also provided an estimate of the variation in DUlq for different fields with the same standard deviation 
of elevations. The statistical equations demonstrate that irrigation uniformity is influenced by the ratio of soil surface 
elevation standard deviation to average depth infiltrated. For conditions that would be typical of laser-leveled basins 
within the U.S., the influence of elevation variations on DUlq is small. However, for poorly leveled fields, as frequently 
occur in Egypt, these elevation variations can significantly reduce DUlq, thus limiting potential efficiencies. In some 
cases, these simple equations can be used to adjust level-basin designs to account for the variation in surface elevations 
without the need for extensive simulation studies.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Heterocyclic quinones

Oxidation of substituted 4-amino-6-hydroxyquinaldines and 4-chloro-6-hydroxiquinaldine with oxygen in the presence of Cu++-secondary amine complexes has yielded a new group of compounds, substituted 4-aminoquinoline-5,6-quinones. The reaction intermediate, 4-chloroquinaldine-5,6-quinone, has been prepared and oxidized. The effects of substituents on the course of the oxidation have been examined, and some properties of the compounds obtained have been investigated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Vasopressin and the transmission of paternal behavior across generations in mated, cross-fostered Peromyscus mice.

The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the nongenomic transfer of paternal behavior from fathers to offspring was examined in Peromyscus. Male California mice (P. californicus) exposed to fewer retrievals by white-footed mouse (P. leucopus) foster parents displayed fewer retrievals of biological offspring. In contrast, white-footed mice were retrieved equally rarely by California mouse foster parents and by biological parents and displayed no changes in pup retrieval behavior. AVP-immunoreactive staining in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may predict paternal behavior because it correlated positively with retrievals and with a score consisting of huddling, grooming, and time inside the nest. The authors discuss AVP as a possible mechanism by which early experience shapes adult paternal behavior.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
A brief history of surgery for peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

The authors present a brief and selective history of surgery for peripheral nerve tumors to illustrate how the current understanding of the nature of disease influences the choice of surgical intervention. There was very little understanding of the anatomy and function of peripheral nerves in ancient times; consequently, surgical treatments for peripheral nerve tumors were based on the writings of authorities. The confusion between traumatic neuromas and genuine nerve sheath tumors coupled with the belief that manipulation of a peripheral nerve might be lethal to the patient stifled the development of surgical techniques for the management of nerve tumors in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was not until the 20th century, with an increased understanding of the microscopic anatomy of nerve sheath tumors, that efficacious surgical treatments for these diseases were developed. Continued advances in the understanding of the biology of these tumors will continue to impact their surgical management.

Field of study: Medicine
Optimal Design of Seismic Resistant RC Columns

Although the author is well aware that it is nothing special, presented here is the method that he uses to design the columns of a seismic resistant reinforced concrete structure, in hopes that this could be of use to someone. The method, which is directed at satisfying the capacity design requirements without excessively large sections, consists of proportioning the column so that the seismic action effects shall be resisted by the maximum of the bending moment–axial force interaction curve. That design condition is defined by two equations whose solution provides the optimal aspect ratio (or, alternatively, the optimal section side length) and the maximum feasible reinforcement ratio. The method can be used directly to determine the optimal column for given beam spans and vertical loads, or indirectly to determine the optimal beam spans and vertical loads for given cross-sectional dimensions. The paper presents the method, including its proof, and some applications together with the analysis on the optimality of the obtained solutions. The method is intended especially for the practicing structural engineer, though it may also be useful for educators, students, and building officials.

Field of study: Materials science
Genomic Indexing by Somatic Gene Recombination of mRNA/ncRNA – Does It Play a Role in Genomic Mosaicism, Memory Formation, and Alzheimer’s Disease?

Recent evidence indicates that genomic individuality of neurons, characterized by DNA-content variation, is a common if not universal phenomenon in the human brain that occurs naturally but can also show aberrancies that have been linked to the pathomechanism of Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Etiologically, this genomic mosaic has been suggested to arise from defects of cell cycle regulation that may occur either during brain development or in the mature brain after terminal differentiation of neurons. Here, we aim to draw attention towards another mechanism that can give rise to genomic individuality of neurons, with far-reaching consequences. This mechanism has its origin in the transcriptome rather than in replication defects of the genome, i.e., somatic gene recombination of RNA. We continue to develop the concept that somatic gene recombination of RNA provides a physiological process that, through integration of intronless mRNA/ncRNA into the genome, allows a particular functional state at the level of the individual neuron to be indexed. By insertion of defined RNAs in a somatic recombination process, the presence of specific mRNA transcripts within a definite temporal context can be “frozen” and can serve as an index that can be recalled at any later point in time. This allows information related to a specific neuronal state of differentiation and/or activity relevant to a memory trace to be fixed. We suggest that this process is used throughout the lifetime of each neuron and might have both advantageous and deleterious consequences.

Field of study: Biology
Regional expression of c-fos mRNA in rat brain during the evolution of amygdala kindled seizures.

The biochemical alterations eliciting the growth and spread of afterdischarge and accompanying the evolution of behavioral seizure stages in electrical kindling are not known. In situ hybridization for c-fos mRNA was used to map potential brain structures recruited during the evolution of major seizures from electrical kindling of the amygdala in rats. Two different patterns of c-fos induction were observed in the earliest stages of kindling (stages 1 and 2). A unilateral cortical distribution included the insular, temporal, perirhinal and parietal cortices and the amygdala. No changes in the hippocampus were noted in this group. The second distribution pattern was limited to the hippocampus (either unilateral or bilateral) and amygdala (unilateral) with no changes in the cortical areas. The afterdischarge durations were significantly (2 fold) longer in the 'hippocampal' group as compared to the 'cortical' group. In the later stages of kindling (stages 4 and 5) the distribution of c-fos mRNA was uniformly bilateral and involved a combination of the hippocampal and cortical distributions observed in the earlier stages and including the amygdala bilaterally as well. The induction of c-fos mRNA appears to provide a map of two different routes in the sequential pathways involved in the evolution of kindled seizures; it may also ultimately prove to be an important component of the kindling process itself. Additionally, c-fos mRNA was elevated bilaterally in the inferior colliculus of animals exhibiting running fits with their seizures. The inferior colliculus was previously shown by others to be involved in running fits accompanying convulsions.

Field of study: Biology
High-resolution imaging detector using five microchannel plates and a resistive anode encoder.

We have developed a high-resolution imaging detector with five microchannel plates (MCPs) in a set of V and Z stacks and a resistive anode encoder (RAE) for future space applications. In a position-sensitive system with a RAE, the spatial resolution depends on the signal-to-noise ratios at the anode terminals. Therefore, a high and stable electron gain of MCPs allows the position determination of each photoelectron event with a high spatial resolution. We investigated the effect of the potentials applied to the detector on the pulse height distribution (PHD) and the spatial resolution by means of calculations and experiments. The calculations showed that the negative interstack potential reduced the size of the electron cloud at the Z-stack input by approximately 80%. The result suggests that, under such a condition, the Z-stack MCP is operated in the completely saturated mode and exhibits a narrow PHD. On the other hand, in the measurements, applying the negative interstack potential reduced the width of the PHD by approximately 60%. As a result, the spatial resolution of 45 microm, corresponding to 480x480 pixels, was achieved. The results enable us to optimize and apply the technique to future missions.

Field of study: Physics
[The clinical characteristics of endogenous mental diseases with paroxysm-like disorders].

Paroxysmal-like disorders (PLD) were observed in 11 patients with manic-depressive psychosis and in 34 ones with shift-like progredient schizophrenia. 8 variations of the fits were described by the author earlier and included the states from vegetative fits to complex psychotic ones with manifestations of Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome. Clinical pattern of endogenous psychoses was characterized by considerable presence of affective disorders (both hypomanic and depressive), moreover depressive disturbances were observed more frequently. Debut of PLD was mentioned either before depressions' or in their structure: The appearance of psychotic symptoms in structure of affective phases does not change the character of paroxysmal-like states. It was supposed that endogenous diseases with PLD are the special variant of psychoses.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology