nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and Properties of Polypropylene Composites with High Filler Content

Highly filled polypropylene composites have been prepared with filler contents up to 43.8 vol.% (70 wt.%) after surface treatment of the fillers with titanate or silicone. The fillers used were calcium carbonate, talc and barium sulfate. Surface modification of the fillers facilitated extrusion and reduced brittleness while providing hard composites with high density. The high density and hardness provide a texture which is not characteristic of polypropylenes, but more like thermoset composites or ceramics; yet the composites can be extruded using typical thermoplastic processing equipment. The composition has been measured by thermogravimetry, and morphology observed with scanning electron microscopy. The tensile properties were measured and related to the composition, filler type and surface treatment.

Field of study: Materials science
Research on the Teaching Effect of Data Structure Course

Structure is a computer professional lesson in postgraduate entrance exams,also is one of the most important courses in specialized subject of computer.It has the status of strong theoretical and a certain degree of difficulty.The major questions facing the course are that how to organize,develop and improve the teaching to achieve the better teaching effect.From four aspects discusses the measures of enhancing teaching effect in Data Structure course.Through the measures,it can improve the studying effect and teaching level effectively.

Field of study: Computer science
A Near Chromosome Assembly of the Dromedary Camel Genome

The dromedary camel is an economically and socially important species of livestock in many parts of the world, being used for transport and the production of milk and meat. Much like cattle and horses, the camel may be found in industrial farming conditions as well as used in sporting. Camel racing is a multi-million dollar industry, with some specimens being valued at upward of 9.5 million USD. Despite its apparent value to humans, the dromedary camel is a neglected species in genomics. While cattle and other domesticated species have had much attention in terms of genome assembly, the camel has only been assembled to scaffold level, which does not give a clear indication of the order or chromosomal location of sequenced fragments. In this study, the Reference Assistant Chromosome Assembly (RACA) algorithm was implemented to use read-pair information of camel scaffolds, aligned with the cattle and human genomes in order to organize and orient these scaffolds in a near-chromosome level assembly. This method generated 72 large size fragments (N50 54.36 Mb). These predicted chromosome fragments (PCFs) were then compared with comparative maps of camel and cytogenetic map of alpaca chromosomes, allowing us to further upgrade the assembly. This dromedary camel assembly will be an invaluable tool to verify future camel assemblies generated with chromatin conformation or/and long read technologies. This study provides the first near-chromosome assembly of the dromedary camel, thus adding this economically important species to a growing pool of knowledge regarding the genome structure of domesticated livestock.

Field of study: Biology
Residual platelet reactivity is preferred over platelet inhibition rate in monitoring antiplatelet efficacy: insights using thrombelastography

Although thrombelastography (TEG) has been widely implemented in the clinical setting of endovascular intervention, consensus on the optimal parameter for defining high ischemic risk patients is lacking due to the limited data about the relationship between various TEG parameters and clinical outcomes. In this article, we report a post hoc analysis of a prospective, single-center cohort study, including 447 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Arachidonic acid (AA)- or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet-fibrin clot strength (MA AA or MA ADP ) was indicative of the net residual platelet reactivity after the treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel, respectively. AA% or ADP% was indices of the relative platelet inhibition rate on AA or ADP pathway. We found that each parameter alone was predictive of the risk of 6-month ischemic event, even after adjusting for confounding factors. However, the association between AA% and clinical outcome disappeared when further adjusted for MA AA . Likewise, inclusion of MA ADP changed the significant relation between ADP% and clinical outcome. MA ADP  > 47.0 mm and MA AA  > 15.1 mm were identified as the optimal cutoffs by receiver operating characteristic analysis. High MA AA (HR = 3.963; 95% CI: 1.152–13.632; P  = 0.029) and high MA ADP (HR = 5.185; 95% CI: 2.228–12.062; P  < 0.001) were independent predictors when both were included in multivariable Cox regression hazards model. Interestingly, an even higher risk was found for the coexisting high MA AA and high MA ADP (HR = 7.870; 95% CI: 3.462–17.899; P  < 0.001). We conclude that when performing TEG to predict clinical efficacy, residual platelet reactivity has superiority over platelet inhibition rate as a measure of thrombotic risk in patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel after ACS.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Two-dimensional behavior of the naturally layered superconductor (LaSe)1.14(NbSe2)

The three-dimensional to two-dimensional (2D) crossover of the superconducting state is presented for the naturally layered single crystal of (LaSe) 1.14 (NbSe 2 ) with the critical temperature T c of 1.23 K. Namely, the temperature dependence of the upper critical magnetic field B c2 parallel to the layers reveals an upturn at the crossover temperature T * due to the vortex confinement between the superconducting layers. Below this temperature in the 2D regime the angular dependence of B c2 displays a cusp at the field parallel to the layers. In the superconducting state the interlayer transport is accomplished in this system by the tunneling of quasiparticles and Cooper pairs.

Field of study: Physics
Rip current hazards in South China headland beaches

Beaches and coastal regions are commonly primary tourist destinations. Dollars spent by beach visitors annually provide significant input to local and regional economies. Hazards associated with rip currents can influence the suitably of any given stretch of coast as a recreational resource, and thus impact tourist dollars spent in addition to the safety and well-being of beach visitors. Therefore it is crucial to evaluate the degree of rip current risk along recreational beaches in order to protect human lives, maintain tourist attraction, and aid beach managers. Accordingly, a new rip current hazard assessment method is proposed based on the beach state model. Using the measured morphodynamic parameters (wave parameters, tidal ranges and sediment grain size) of 51 South China beaches, a preliminary assessment of rip current hazards was carried out. Results show that 71% of South China beaches may develop rip currents. The beaches in southern Fujian, Shanwei (in eastern Guangdong) and western Guangdong, and eastern and southern Hainan coasts have the highest risk of rip current development. The evaluation results are consistent with remote sensing observations, and beach incident (drowning and near-drowning) media reports. This paper indicates that the beach morphodynamic model of Ω-RTR (dimensionless fall velocity-relative tidal range) is a reasonable method to assess the rip current risk along sandy beaches. This information can aid coastal managers as well as reduce the frequency of rip current related incidents.

Field of study: Environmental science
A comprehensive model for PMOS NBTI degradation: Recent progress

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a well-known reliability concern for PMOS transistors. We review the literature to find seven key experimental features of NBTI degradation. These features appear mutually inconsistent and have often defied easy interpretation. By reformulating the Reaction–Diffusion model in a particularly simple form, we show that these seven apparently contradictory features of NBTI actually reflect different facets of the same underlying physical mechanism.

Field of study: Engineering
Predicting Employers' Satisfaction with Newcomers' Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities

The present study examined the relationship between ratings by 133 representatives of business and industry of new employees' successful communication on the job and the employers' satisfaction with new employees' knowledge, skills, and abilities. Analysis supported the hypothesis, showing the importance of personal characteristics, i.e., ability to communicate successfully on the job, when investigating person-situation fit and organizational behavior.

Field of study: Psychology
Effects of a history of differential reinforcement on preference for choice.

The effects of a history of differential reinforcement for selecting a free-choice versus a restricted-choice stimulus arrangement on the subsequent responding of 7 undergraduates in a computer-based game of chance were examined using a concurrent-chains arrangement and a multiple-baseline-across-participants design. In the free-choice arrangement, participants selected three numbers, in any order, from an array of eight numbers presented on the computer screen. In the restricted-choice arrangement, participants selected the order of three numbers preselected from the array of eight by a computer program. In initial sessions, all participants demonstrated no consistent preference or preference for restricted choice. Differential reinforcement of free-choice selections resulted in increased preference for free choice immediately and in subsequent sessions in the absence of programmed differential outcomes. For 5 participants, changes in preference for choice were both robust and lasting, suggesting that a history of differential reinforcement for choice may affect preference for choice.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
In vitro Propagation of Adiantum raddianum Fritz-Luethii

The sporophyllary leaves of Adiantum raddianum Fritz-Luethii were used as explants to study the process of rapid propagation in vitro.The results showed that the rate of the spore germination was 95.6% in 1/2 MS culture medium with 3 mg/L GA and the prothallus propagated at a speed of over 4 times in 1/2 MS culture medium without plant growth hormone.Sporophyte formation was almost impossible in tissue culture,but when prothallia were mixed with different solution and comminuted in a waring blender,and applied to soil,every group of prothallia produced over 1 000 sporophytes.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Drug rehabilitation in stroke patients

: An influence of different drugs on functional rehabilitation in post-stroke patients has been studied. We tested for efficacy medications with nootropic, metabolic and antioxidative activity as well as pathogenetic and symptomatic remedies for differential therapy of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke (IS, HS). We analyzed 1920 stroke patients, including 1520 with IS and 400 with HS. The functional rehabilitation depending on different drugs was followed up 1 year after stroke using Barthel, Lindmark and Scandinavian scales for stroke. Moreover, we suggested a coefficient for calculating of drug efficacy. The results of the study revealed that the use of some traditional drugs was not well founded. The most efficient medications in the treatment of IS proved to be actovegin, instenon, berlition, rheopolyglucin and gliatilin. The beneficial effect on rehabilitation of patients with HS was found only for actovegin.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Effect of Molten Iron Treatment on Nucleation of Primary Austenite

The hypoeutectic Fe-C alloy was melted at 1 723 K,holding for 1 h,followed by molten glass purification,then grey cast iron,white cast iron and electrolytic iron were added into the purified melt,the effect of molten iron purification and the adding modes of carbon on the degree of undercooling for nucleation,the number of nucleation,and the growth morphologyof the primary austenite(γ) was investigated.The results show that it is difficult for primary γ and entectic to nucleate after glass purification.When the grey cast iron is added into the purified molten iron,primary γ and eutectic can nucleate easily.Different treatments can eliminate or form "an enriched region in Fe",thus has a significant effect on the heterogeneous nucleation of primary γ.

Field of study: Materials science
Paleogeography and Paleoclimate at the Deposition Sites of the Devonian Catskill and Old Red Facies

The reassembled circum–North Atlantic landmass was an equatorial one, characterized during the Middle and Late Devonian by deposition on it of the Catskill–Old Red continental facies on coastal plains and in intermontane basins. Shelf seas were contiguous with much of this landmass.

That part of the Catskill-Old Red coastal plain nearest the sea was marked by an indistinct shoreline, meandering streams, minor relief, and land slopes of 0.3 to 1.0 m per km (1 to 3 ft per mi). The more distal parts of the coastal plain were characterized by low-angle piedmont fans and, less commonly, by steeper sloped alluvial fans with braided streams and minor relief. Old Red facies developed also in intermontane basins as alluvial fans and lacustrine deposits associated with volcanic rocks.

Over much of the landmass, the climate was hot and semiarid. The most arid part was in the south where the formation of calcareous soils was enhanced, dipnoan fish aestivated, and evaporites formed in contiguous shelf seas. The northern part of the landmass, with its more even pattern of annual rainfall, supported a more extensive growth of plants and the formation of coal. On large parts of the coastal plains and intermontane basins, evaporation was great enough to lower the water table and thus provide a distinct zone of aeration in which sediments reddened.

Vegetation on the coastal plains and in intermontane basins was concentrated near shorelines and streams. Because grasses did not exist, floods were highly erosive and introduced large amounts of sediment onto the coastal plains and contiguous shelves.

Field of study: Geology
Optimization of methanol reactor with decreasing catalyst activity

Two optimization strategies for methanol synthesis were proposed to deal with the decreasing activity of the catalysts and were compared by simulation using a plug-flow model.In both strategies the methanol productivity remained constant in the early months by minimizing the operating pressure and was maximized for the remaining months.In the first strategy,the coolant temperature and space velocity were adjusted simultaneously with time on stream to the optimal values.In the second strategy,space velocity was kept constant all the time,while operating pressure was increased until it reached the upper bound and then coolant temperature was optimized.The results showed that the second strategy yielded a slightly smaller methanol productivity.However,since pressure and coolant temperature were adjusted independently,this simpler strategy was more acceptable by the industry.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Conceptual Analysis of Quality in Quality Function Deployment-Based Contexts of Higher Education.

The purpose of this paper is to assess and evaluate how higher education institutions (HEIs) using Quality Function Deployment draw out the relevancy and potential of the model in shaping their concept of ‘Quality’ and how that Quality can be assured in higher education institutions’ (HEIs’) programmes. An intensive literature review was undertaken with the idea of building a repertoire of behaviours that capture what HEIs perceive as QFD, why its migration into higher education has increased over the years and how HEIs are working the QFD model. This critical analysis densifies our potential to read and understand related literature and assess the potential of QFD in higher education. It should also help us evaluate the worth of (dis)encouraging the adoption and diffusion of QFD or its tools within higher education. Conceptualising Quality in terms of the amount of transformation in the knowledge-base, attitudes, skills-set, understanding, belief systems and behaviour of the student should challenge our thinking about designing educative experiences and environments that create a ‘fit-for-purpose’ graduate.  Higher education has globally struggled with the gaps between expected Quality and the Quality offered in their various programmes. This paper show the need for research on how HEIs should close gaps among the voices of their constituencies and on how to align hypothesised, planned, and offered Quality to expected Quality.  Quality Function Deployment; Six Sigma roadmaps; Customer Satisfaction Performance

Field of study: Education
Role of the interface between the FMN and FAD domains in the control of redox potential and electronic transfer of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.

CPR (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase) is a multidomain protein containing two flavin-containing domains joined by a connecting domain thought to control the necessary movements of the catalytic domains during electronic cycles. We present a detailed biochemical analysis of two chimaeric CPRs composed of the association of human or yeast FMN with the alternative connecting/FAD domains. Despite the assembly of domains having a relatively large evolutionary distance between them, our data support the idea that the integrity of the catalytic cycle is conserved in our chimaeric enzymes, whereas the recognition, interactions and positioning of both catalytic domains are probably modified. The main consequences of the chimaerogenesis are a decrease in the internal electron-transfer rate between both flavins correlated with changes in the geometry of chimaeric CPRs in solution. Results of the present study highlight the role of the linker and connecting domain in the recognition at the interfaces between the catalytic domains and the impact of interdomain interactions on the redox potentials of the flavins, the internal electron-transfer efficiency and the global conformation and dynamic equilibrium of the CPRs.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Dualities and non-Abelian mechanics

Dualities are mathematical mappings that reveal links between apparently unrelated systems in virtually every branch of physics 1 – 8 . Systems mapped onto themselves by a duality transformation are called self-dual and exhibit remarkable properties, as exemplified by the scale invariance of an Ising magnet at the critical point. Here we show how dualities can enhance the symmetries of a dynamical matrix (or Hamiltonian), enabling the design of metamaterials with emergent properties that escape a standard group theory analysis. As an illustration, we consider twisted kagome lattices 9 – 15 , reconfigurable mechanical structures that change shape by means of a collapse mechanism 9 . We observe that pairs of distinct configurations along the mechanism exhibit the same vibrational spectrum and related elastic moduli. We show that these puzzling properties arise from a duality between pairs of configurations on either side of a mechanical critical point. The critical point corresponds to a self-dual structure with isotropic elasticity even in the absence of spatial symmetries and a twofold-degenerate spectrum over the entire Brillouin zone. The spectral degeneracy originates from a version of Kramers’ theorem 16 , 17 in which fermionic time-reversal invariance is replaced by a hidden symmetry emerging at the self-dual point. The normal modes of the self-dual systems exhibit non-Abelian geometric phases 18 , 19 that affect the semiclassical propagation of wavepackets 20 , leading to non-commuting mechanical responses. Our results hold promise for holonomic computation 21 and mechanical spintronics by allowing on-the-fly manipulation of synthetic spins carried by phonons. Dualities—mathematical mappings between different systems—can act as hidden symmetries that enable materials design beyond that suggested by crystallographic space groups.

Field of study: Physics
Commentary: Discharging the Homeless - A Daily Issue in Acute Care.

There are complex issues surrounding hospital discharge planning for people experiencing homelessness. The issue involves the disconnection across policy areas of housing, income supports and mental health, and later health generally. Different models for different types of communities (large urban, mid-size, small and rural areas) likely need to be developed as well as for different types of conditions and different housing histories. The quality of data needs improvement including accuracy. Housing items need to be part of admission processes so that the need for post-discharge housing can be quickly flagged and more accurate data can be made available. System improvements need to include all levels of government, people with lived experience, and health as well as housing/homeless sectors. The income support sector also needs to be included. Discharge planning often assumes there is a fixed address after discharge. This clearly misses the needs of people who have lost their housing.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Quantification of glomerular epithelial cell adhesion by using anti-DNA antibodies in ELISA.

A sensitive and reproducible microassay is described for quantification of adhesion of cells to matrix-coated 96-wells plates under different experimental conditions. For this purpose glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GVEC) were used. Attached GVEC were fixed with methanol and incubated with a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody. Following standard procedures, the amount of bound antibody was quantified by ELISA. A positive linear relationship in the range of 800-5000 cells per well was found between OD values and cell numbers obtained by hand-counting (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001). The assay is 10 to 100 times more sensitive than most other adhesion assays. The applicability of the ELISA assay was demonstrated by manipulation of the temperature during adhesion and by using different concentrations of the matrix-molecules fibronectin, EHS-laminin and collagen type I. The ELISA assay was found to be unaffected by non-specific interaction of anti-DNA antibodies with the matrix molecules used for coating. The assay was neither affected by potential release of DNA from the GVEC under these different experimental conditions. In conclusion, this cell adhesion microassay is simple, reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective, since it requires small amounts of GVEC and reagents.

Field of study: Biology
Determining the Most Effective Way of Ensuring a Tidying-Up Behavior: Comparison of Effects of Reminders Using Oral Instruction, Posters, and Robots

A common method for encouraging a user to tidy up his/her office or school desk is to provide oral instructions or displaying posters. Some researchers have proposed a robot system to encourage users to tidy up. However, little attention has been paid to performing a comparative analysis of the various methods for motivating users to tidy up. In this study, we investigated the effects of motivating participants using verbal reminders, posters, and robots. Our results showed that urging users using vibrations produced by a robot is more effective than using oral instructions or posters. Particularly, using a robot is effective in reducing microslips and maintaining the motivation for tidying up.

Field of study: Computer science