nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflation and Unemployment: Macroeconomics With a Range of Equilibria

Part 1 Introduction: the problem of stagflation alternative views. Part 2 Customer markets: retailing in a customer market empirical evidence on customer markets. Part 3 Customer markets, efficiency wage bargaining and the range of equilibria: inducing efficiency. Part 4 Customer markets, group wage bargaining and the range of equilibria: group wage bargaining with specific human capital group wage bargaining with an open trade union group wage bargaining with an insider-dominated trade union. Part 5 The implications for macroeconomic policy of a range of equilibrium levels of unemployment.

Field of study: Economics
Microbial consortia in mesocosm bioremediation trial using oil sorbents, slow-release fertilizer and bioaugmentation.

An experimental prototype oil boom including oil sorbents, slow-release fertilizers and biomass of the marine oil-degrading bacterium, Alcanivorax borkumensis, was applied for sorption and degradation of heavy fuel oil in a 500-L mesocosm experiment. Fingerprinting of DNA and small subunit rRNA samples for microbial activity conducted to study the changes in microbial communities of both the water body and on the oil sorbent surface showed the prevalence of A. borkumensis on the surface of the oil sorbent. Growth of this obligate oil-degrading bacterium on immobilized oil coincided with a 30-fold increase in total respiration. A number of DNA and RNA signatures of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were detected both in samples of water body and on oil sorbent. Ultimately, the heavy fuel oil in this mesocosm study was effectively removed from the water body. This is the first study to successfully investigate the fate of oil-degrading microbial consortia in an experimental prototype for a bioremediation strategy in offshore, coastal or ship-bound oil spill mitigation using a combination of mechanical and biotechnological techniques.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Hardware Control System of Eye Movements by Automatic Selection of Control Laws Using Neural Networks

Eye movements are realized as an electromechanism by controlling its optic axis according to the movement types of an object using artificial neural network. In order to realize basic optic axis movements, by which a moving object can be caught in a central pit of retina, an oculomotor machine is developed for independent horizontal movements of a head and an eyeball. The image output from the CCD camera used as a function of eyeball is fed to the control of a servomotor instead of muscles of eyeball to realize eye movements. The mechanism of head rotation is linked through bearings to the neck of an oculomotor machine. An acceler ometer is used for a function of semicircular ducts in order to predict possible displacement of a head rotation. The oculomotor machine is controlled for the realization of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements as autokinesis and compensatory eyemovement as a reflex with improvement of their control performances and automatic selection of an appropriate control law according to the movement types of an object, applying structuralized neural network information processing system.

Field of study: Computer science
Relationship between antibacterial activity of chitosan and surface characteristics of cell wall.

Five representative waterborne pathogens were used to illustrate the relationship between chitosan's antibacterial activity and the surface characteristics of the bacterial cell wall.



Chitosan was prepared with averaged 75% or 95% deacetylated degree to examine its antibacterial activity against waterborne pathogens. Fresh microbial inoculants for the antibacterial assessment were prepared on nutrient agar at 37 degrees for 24 h. The evaluation items of antibacterial mechanism included hydrophilicity and negative charge analysis of cell surface, and adsorptive characteristics of chitosan to bacterial cell. All the experiments were applied in triplicate tests at least.



Although cell wall hydrophilicity was similar among Gram-negative bacteria, the distribution of negative charge on their cell surfaces was quite different. More negatively charged cell surfaces had a greater interaction with chitosan, a phenomenon further confirmed by transmission electron micrography (TEM).



Results showed the hydrophilicity in Gram-negative bacteria was much higher than in Gram-positive ones. The correlation coefficient 0.988 between the amount of absorbed chitosan and its inhibition efficiency indicated a close relationship.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Full-color micro-LED displays with cadmium-free quantum dots patterned by photolithography technology.

A full-color display consisting of red and green photoluminescence cadmium-free quantum dots (QDs) as the color conversion material and excited by a 68×68 blue micro-LED flip chip array mounted on an active-matrix driving board was completed in this study. The QD photoresist (QDPR) lithography technology was reported in detail, and it has been proven to be a stable process route. The suitable thickness of 12±1µm of the QDPR and black matrix was proposed to reduce the light cross talk between different sub-pixels. The thickness of the common color filter of 1-2 µm was made successfully between the quantum dot film and the cover glass, which can greatly reduce the leakage of blue backlight and decrease the quantum dots excitation by the ambient light, as well as improve the color gamut and color purity of the display panel. In addition, the high red and green light conversion efficiency reaches up to 78.1% and 296.5%, respectively, and the screen display can reach 98.8% NTSC on the CIE 1931 chromaticity. Representative RGB monochromatic pictures were displayed successfully and ≤0.04 viewing angle deviation of the display was measured precisely.

Field of study: Physics
High-level Expression of GBV-C/HGV NS3 Protein in Sf9 Insect Cells Using Bac-to-Bac Vectors

The recombinant GBV-C/HGV NS3 protein was expressed in Sf9 insect cells and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. A protein band about Mr 43810 was demonstrated on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and this protein amounted to more than 30% of the total cell proteins. Recombinant NS3 protein was purified by Ni-NTA column. Western blot showed that this recombinant protein could react with GBV-C/HGV RNA positive mixed sera. The recombinant GBV-C/HGV NS3 protein could be used to detect GBV-C/HGV infection and will supply material for study of structure and function of this protein.

Field of study: Biology
Analyzing changes in metabolite profile during postharvest ripening in Achras sapota fruits: GC-MS based metabolomics approach.

Achras sapota L. (syn. Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) fruits are commonly known as sapodilla. The mature fruits when unripe are not edible. They are allowed to ripen at room temperature when the pulp softens and become edible. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the changes in metabolite composition during postharvest ripening over a span of 10 days following a GC-MS based metabolomics approach. The present metabolic data revealed, for the first time the composition of A. sapota fruit metabolites and changes in individual metabolite during postharvest ripening. Total 46 identified metabolites (11 sugars and sugar alcohols, 11 organic acids, 14 amino acids, 5 phenols, 4 fatty acids and 1 inorganic acid) and 20 tentatively identified compounds which showed significant differences during ripening could be detected. On the whole it appears that in spite of decrease in the level of many metabolites, a large number of amino acids and sugar alcohols increased in quantity ameliorating the fruit quality during ripening.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
ACRIDICON–CHUVA Campaign: Studying Tropical Deep Convective Clouds and Precipitation over Amazonia Using the New German Research Aircraft HALO

AbstractBetween 1 September and 4 October 2014, a combined airborne and ground-based measurement campaign was conducted to study tropical deep convective clouds over the Brazilian Amazon rain forest. The new German research aircraft, High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), a modified Gulfstream G550, and extensive ground-based instrumentation were deployed in and near Manaus (State of Amazonas). The campaign was part of the German–Brazilian Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems–Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) (ACRIDICON– CHUVA) venture to quantify aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions and their thermodynamic, dynamic, and radiative effects by in situ and remote sensing measurements over Amazonia. The ACRIDICON–CHUVA field observations were carried out in cooperation with the second intensive operating period...

Field of study: Environmental science
Nucleation Effect of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer on the Crystallization of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has attracted much attention in recent years due to its good biodegradability and biocompatibility. As a semicrystalline polymer, the final properties of PCL strongly depend on its bulk crystallization level. However, PCL shows a lower crystallization temperature and rate than other aliphatic polyesters, which restricts its range of applications. To improve the crystallization is hence a key problem to enhance the performance of PCL materials. In this work, a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) was used as a nucleating agent to improve the crystallization of PCL. The PCL/TLCP blend with the maximum TLCP content of 10 wt.% was prepared by melt mixing. The nonisothermal crystallization behaviour of the PCL matrix was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM), and the crystallization kinetics was then further analysed by methods including the Avrami, Ozawa, Mo, Ziabicki, Lauritzen-Hoffman and Kissinger models. The results showed that the presence of the solid TLCP particles could enhance crystallization temperature of the PCL matrix evidently at very small content levels (1 wt.%). Although the mobility of the PCL chain segments decreased with increasing TLCP content, heterogeneous nucleation by TLCP particles always played a dominant role in the overall crystallization. Therefore the blends showed higher crystallization rates and ability than those of pure PCL. The kinetic analysis and the data obtained in this work could be useful to optimize the processing conditions and to improve the crystallization of PCL.

Field of study: Materials science
Comparison of Serum CA 19.9, CA 125 and CEA Levels with Severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

To investigate serum levels of CA 19.9, CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  Fifty-three consecutive patients (50 males, 3 females, mean age 67.6 ± 10.1 years) with COPD were included in this study. Serum levels of CA 19.9, CA 25 and CEA were determined by the chemiluminescent immunometric method. Based on values obtained from pulmonary function tests, the patients were divided into 3 groups: moderate (21), severe (18) and very severe (14). Data were analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test and Mann-Whitney U test.  The mean serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19.9 were significantly higher in patients with very severe COPD (p = 0.013 and p = 0.017, respectively) than in patients with severe and moderate COPD (p < 0.05). Patients with cor pulmonale had significantly high mean serum levels of CEA, CA 19.9 and CA 125 (p < 0.05). Patients using a long-acting β-agonist and theophylline showed significantly higher mean serum levels of CA 125 than patients who were not (p < 0.05).  Data showed that the increased serum tumor markers in patients with COPD might be due to the severity of COPD, medication and cor pulmonale.

Field of study: Medicine
Detection of murine immunoglobulin in human tissues following therapeutic infusion of monoclonal antibody.

A class switch variant of hybridoma CO19-9 secreting IgG2a antibodies was shown to have the same immunoperoxidase binding pattern in human tissue as the IgG1 antibody secreted by the parental hybridoma. The IP tissue binding of GA73.3 and 17-1A monoclonal antibodies which have been suggested to bind to structurally related antigens were compared; although quite similar in distribution, some differences were noted. GA73.3 bound to 12/12 colon carcinomas compared to 17-1A which reacted with 11/12 tumors. In several cases, the percentage of cells reactive with GA73.3 (90-100%) exceeded those reactive with 17-1A (10-25%). Additionally, the intensity of reactivity for GA73.3 was consistently greater than that seen with 17-1A. The detection of murine antibody bound to human tissues following therapeutic infusion of 19-9 IgG2a or GA73.3 differed. Detection of antibody-antigen complexes was seen less often in patients who had received 19-9 IgG2a (2/6) than in patients who had received GA73.3 (5/5). Additionally, the presence of murine immunoglobulin was seen only in the extracellular mucin of the patients receiving 19-9 IgG2a, whereas strong cellular binding of murine immunoglobulin was noted following infusion with GA73.3.

Field of study: Biology
Designing photonic topological insulators with quantum-spin-Hall edge states using topology optimization

Designing photonic topological insulators (PTIs) is highly non-trivial because it requires inversion of band symmetries around the band gap, which was so far done using intuition combined with meticulous trial and error. Here we take a completely different approach: we consider the design of PTIs as an inverse design problem and use topology optimization to maximize the transmission through an edge mode past a sharp bend. Two design domains composed of two different but initially identical C6ν-symmetric unit cells define the geometrical design problem. Remarkably, the optimization results in a PTI reminiscent of the shrink-and-grow approach to quantum-spin-Hall PTIs but with notable differences in the crystal structure as well as qualitatively different band structures and with significantly improved performance as gauged by the band-gap sizes, which are at least 50% larger than in previous designs. Furthermore, we find a directional β-factor exceeding 99% and very low losses for sharp bends. Our approach allows the introduction of fabrication limitations by design and opens an avenue towards designing PTIs with hitherto-unexplored symmetry constraints.

Field of study: Physics
Political Conservatives’ Affinity for Obedience to Authority Is Loyal, Not Blind

Liberals and conservatives disagree about obeying authorities, with conservatives holding the more positive views. We suggest that reactions to conservative authorities, rather than to obedience itself, are responsible for the division. Past findings that conservatives favor obedience uniformly confounded obedience with conservative authorities. We break down obedience to authority into its constituent parts to test the divisiveness of each part. The concepts of obedience (Study 1) and authority (Study 2) recruited inferences of conservative authorities, conflating results of simple, seemingly face valid tests of their divisiveness. These results establish necessary features of a valid test, to which Study 3 conforms. Conservatives have the more positive moral views of obedience only when the authorities are conservative (e.g., commanding officers); liberals do when the authorities are liberal (e.g., environmentalists). The two camps agree about obeying ideologically neutral authorities (e.g., office managers). Obedience itself is not ideologically divisive.

Field of study: Psychology
Design of 304 Stainless Steel Deep Drawing Die

The stainless steels are widely used in every field for their beautiful appearance and good usability.However,fracture and wrinkling in deep-drawing are common defects caused by its strongly work hardening and that lead to the production yield lower.The drawing dies of a pair of lids were designed.The blanking-drawing-piercing-trimming composite processes were adopted.The device of elastic pressure side with the pressure pad was used,in order to prevent the change of the BHF.

Field of study: Materials science
Construction and Operational Experience With a Superconducting Octupole Used to Trap Antihydrogen

A superconducting octupole magnet has seen extensive service as part of the ALPHA experiment at CERN. ALPHA has trapped antihydrogen, a crucial step towards performing precision measurements of anti-atoms. The octupole was made at the Direct Wind facility by the Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The magnet was wound with a six-around-one NbTi cable about 1 mm in diameter. It is about 300 mm long, with a radius of 25 mm and a peak field at the conductor of 4.04 T. Specific features of the magnet, including a minimal amount of material in the coil and coil ends with low multipole content, were advantageous to its use in ALPHA. The magnet was operated for six months a year for five years. During this time it underwent about 900 thermal cycles (between 4 K and 100 K). A novel operational feature is that during the course of data-taking the magnet was repeatedly shut off from its 950 A operating current. The magnet quenches during the shutoff, with a decay constant of 9 ms. Over the course of the five years, the magnet was deliberately quenched many thousands of times. It still performs well.

Field of study: Physics
Optimization of enzymatic fish oil extraction from mackerel viscera by response surface methodology.

The used of neutral protease for enzymatic fish oil extraction from mackerel viscera was studied following an experimental design as a statistical problem solving approach. Plackett–Burman design was used in order to select the most important variables from the simultaneous study on influence of operating and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. The optimization of enzymatic fish oil extraction using the response surface methodology allowed a study on the influence of the variables (pH, neutral protease concentration and temperature). From the obtained results it could be concluded that the yield of fish oil was clearly enhanced at optimum conditions. Model validation showed a good agreement between experimental results and the predicted responses.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Jurassic ammonite Pseudolioceras (Tugurites) of the Bering Province

Two species groups can be distinguished in the evolution of Pseudolioceras s.l. The first ranges through most of the Toarcian (and? earliest Aalenian) and makes up the circum-Boreal Pseudolioceras s.s. The second extends through the Aalenian and earliest Bajocian of the Bering Province and constitutes the subgenus Tugurites, of considerable chronostratigraphic importance.

Field of study: Environmental science
A study on the interfacial adhesion energy between capping layer and dielectric for cu interconnects

Recently, Cu interconnect and low-k materials have been applied to reduce the interconnect resistive-capacitive delay issue. However, as the process node size is reduced to a few nanometers, high leakage currents appear through the dielectric under high electric fields. Therefore, issues of Cu diffusion at the interface between the dielectric and the capping layer have been reported. This study investigated interfacial adhesion energy change at the film level between dielectric (low-k, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)) and capping layer (SiCN, SiN) taking into account the correlation between interfacial adhesion energy and interconnect reliability. In the capping layer/low-k interface, when low-k is applied to the top layer, it shows high interfacial adhesion energy (> 34.31 ± 3.49 J/m2) due to the presence of an O-rich thin layer. But when low-k is applied to the bottom layer, due to the Si C bond, it shows low interfacial adhesion energy ( 32.54 ± 1.97 J/m2) regardless of the stacking order and CMP process. It clearly shows that low-k dielectrics will affect the deterioration of the interfacial adhesion energy and O-rich layer will greatly improve the interfacial adhesion energy in dielectric/capping layers.

Field of study: Engineering
SU‐FF‐T‐615: Multicenter Intercomparison for Treatment of the Mesothelioma with IMRT and Tomotherapy

The purpose of this work is to asses the role of Tomotherapy HiART System and to compare it with IMRT conventional Linac techniques used in Brescia and Florence for the treatment of mesothelioma.  Four cases of mesothelioma, with same constraints to PTVs and OARs, have been planned using IMRT techniques and Tomotherapy. The results are compared to assess different methods of planning and possible advantages of each one.  The preliminary experiences conducted at Brescia and Florence, with IMRT, seem to allow adequate PTVs coverage while sparing sensitive organs. From the DVH analysis, Tomotherapy seems to allow a better coverage and uniformity of dose to PTV and a similar saving for lung (mean dose < 8Gy) and cord, while the ipsilateral kidney (mean dose <20Gy vs 35Gy) and liver (mean dose <30Gy vs 35Gy) are more spared with Tomotherapy. Treatment setup verification, immobilization devices and technology limitations (max beam size) observable with IMRT techniques, maximum gantry rotation and QA of large volume treated are currently under discussion.  Both techniques are adequate for the treatment of mesothelioma, but Tomotherapy seems to offer some clinical and physical advantages. Particularly, treatment time, better coverage and dose uniformity to PTV, better savings of some critical organs by Tomotherapy suggest further studies and discussion.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Income Inequality and Wellbeing: The Plight of the Poor and the Curse of Permanent Inequality

This paper examines the effect of income inequality on individual wellbeing. The results show that those in the lowest twenty percent of income distribution have a marked reduction in wellbeing compared to the remainder. Hence, poverty is detrimental to wellbeing. The second key finding of this paper is that the existence of permanent aggregate income inequality reduces the wellbeing of individuals in other parts of income distribution, irrespective of their level of income. Income inequality is bad for everyone's wellbeing.

Field of study: Economics