nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Shelf Life of ``Lateblue'' Highbush Blueberries

There is a considerable scope to mantain the quality and extend shelf-life of perishable and soft fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries by developing and evolving packaging strategies. In this work a study on the packaging of blueberries in plastic film for short-to-medium term storage was carried out. Blueberries cv Lateblue were hand-picked from a commercial plantation and packaged in different barrier films. Four commercially available films were used as packaging materials: two micro-perforated (0.3 mm and 1 mm in diameter), a non-perforated and a macro-perforated (6 mm in diameter). All the samples were stored at 4 °C for 15 days. The benefits of small packages (consumer packs), were evaluated through chemical (total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity and pH), visual (color intensity, surface shine, firmness by touch, intensity of odor, and overall appearance) and sensory (crispness, sweet taste, acidic taste, total flavor, and overall appreciation) evaluation. The berries packaged in micro-perforated (1 mm in diameter) and non-perforated film maintained better quality attributes (high TSS content and titratble acidity) throughout the cold storage. The non-perforated film maintained also berry crispness and a good intensity of flavor. Non and micro-perforated packaging films gave the best results and appeared to be a feasible practice in order to ensure good quality during medium-term storage of blueberries. Moreover nonperforated film treatment was the only treatment that reduced in little or no significant pathogen-induced decay during cold storage.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Carbon reductions and health co-benefits from US residential energy efficiency measures

The United States (US) Clean Power Plan established state-specific carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction goals for fossil fuel-fired electricity generating units (EGUs). States may achieve these goals through multiple mechanisms, including measures that can achieve equivalent CO2 reductions such as residential energy efficiency, which will have important co-benefits. Here, we develop state-resolution simulations of the economic, health, and climate benefits of increased residential insulation, considering EGUs and residential combustion. Increasing insulation to International Energy Conservation Code 2012 levels for all single-family homes in the US in 2013 would lead to annual reductions of 80 million tons of CO2 from EGUs, with annual co-benefits including 30 million tons of CO2 from residential combustion and 320 premature deaths associated with criteria pollutant emissions from both EGUs and residential combustion sources. Monetized climate and health co-benefits average $49 per ton of CO2 reduced from EGUs (range across states: $12–$390). State-specific co-benefit estimates can inform development of optimal Clean Power Plan implementation strategies.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Study on Critical Current and AC Loss Characteristics of Novel 2G HTS Narrow Wires

In high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, the external magnetic field affects the performance of the critical current and the ac loss. In this study, to improve the performance, narrowing and twisting processes are first suggested for the second-generation (2G) HTS wires: the original wire with 4-12-mm width is incised into several narrow wires with the same width under 2 mm, and narrow wires are twisted around each other as tight as possible. Using the narrow wires, we prepared various types of novel wire samples with stacking and twisting structures. The main results show that the feasibility of the narrow wires with stack and twist structures is confirmed from both critical current and ac loss points of view.

Field of study: Physics
Identification of higenamine in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist

To screen beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (RALP) as potential drug leads for asthma using a sensitive cell-based agonist assay.The β2-AR gene was stably expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells also stably expressing a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element-linked enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene. The cells were used to screen agonists from high-performance liquid chromatographic fractions of an extract of RALP. The fraction with the highest activity was selected for further compound isolation and the study of the structure-activity relationship. Its active compound was further identified by chromatography and mass spectrometry.Bioactivity-directed fraction-ation of the crude extract of RALP led to the isolation and characterization of the effective compound, namely hignamine. It could dose-dependently relax the isolated guinea pig trachea strip precontraction with acetylcholine with EC50 value of (2.60±0.36) × 10−5 mol/L. Further in vivo studies also displayed that hignamine could protect experimental asthma model induced by histamine in guinea pigs to prolong the latent periods of asthma.Hignamine, as a β2-AR agonist existing in the extract of RALP, is the key compound contributing to the successful relief of the bronchoconstriction.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Influence of Cutting Fluid on Tool Wear and Tool Life during Turning.

Role of the small manufacturing units is very significant in the growth of industry. It is observed that 60% to 70% proprietor of small-scale industries are unacquainted to the demerits of the mineral-based cutting fluid. Some are unwilling to use recently developed techniques due to financial limitations. Large numbers of operators are uneducated. They have very little information about cutting fluid and their impact on the health. In India large amount of mineral-based cutting fluids are used in both large scale, medium scale industry. Most of the operator working on machine is continuously exposed to poisonous cutting fluid. They are suffering from skin disease, respiratory disease like bronchitis and asthma, throat cancer, lung cancer etc. It is must to create awareness about shortcoming of mineral-based cutting fluid. It is essential to devise simple low cost system that will eradicate the use of mineral cutting fluid. Minimum quantity lubrication system with vegetable oil is suggested as an option for the dry and flood cutting. This paper focuses on the comparative study of the different cutting fluid based on the tool wear and tool life. Result showed MQL with vegetable oil system gave improved performance as that of mineral-based oil without affecting the ecological system. Keyword –tool life, tool wear, MQL, vegetable oil

Field of study: Engineering
Quantised orbital alignment and Identical High-K Bands in A=180 region

The origin of the identical gamma-ray energies (IB) observed in the K=33/2$^+$ and K=16$^+$ bands in $^{177}$Lu and $^{178}$Hf respectively is investigated using deformed Hartree-Fock and Angular Momentum Projection technique. We find that quantised orbital (rather than spin) alignment of protons in the m=1/2$^+$ inert orbit leads to identical energy spectra. A K=16$^+$ band with identical spectrum is predicted in $^{176}$Yb at 4.48 Mev of excitation.

Field of study: Physics
miRNA Expression Profile of Saliva in Subjects of Yang Deficiency Constitution and Yin Deficiency Constitution

Based on the theory of constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the Chinese Han population has been classified into nine constitutions. Of these, Yang deficiency constitution mainly exhibit cold intolerance while Yin deficiency constitution mainly exhibit heat intolerance. Some studies have been carried out to explore the modern genetic and biological basis of such constitution classification, but more remains to be done. MicroRNA (miRNA) serves as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and may play a role in the classification process. Here, we examined miRNA expression profile of saliva to further improve the comprehensiveness of constitution classification.  Saliva was collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency and Balanced constitutions (n=5 each), and miRNA expression profile was determined using the Human miRNA OneArray®v7. Based on 1.5 Fold change, means log2|Ratio|≥0.585 and P-value< 0.05, differentially expressed miRNA was screened. Target genes were predicted using DIANA-TarBasev7.0 and analysis of KEGG pathway was carried out using DIANA-mirPathv.3.  We found that 81 and 98 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitution, respectively. Among them, 16 miRNAs were identical and the others were unique. In addition, the target genes that are regulated by the unique miRNAs were significantly enriched in 27 and 20 signaling pathways in Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitution, respectively. Thyroid hormone signaling pathway is present in both constitutions. These unique miRNAs that regulated target genes of thyroid hormone signaling pathway may be associated with cold intolerance or heat intolerance.  The results of our study show that Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency constitutions exhibit systematic differences in miRNA expression profile. Moreover, the distinct characteristics of TCM constitution may be explained, in part, by differentially expressed miRNAs.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Reconfigurable Frequency Coding of Deterministic Single Photons in the Telecom C-Band

In this work, we develop reconfigurable frequency manipulation of quantum states of light in the telecom C-band. Deterministic single photons are encoded in a superposition state of three tunable channels using sidebands spanning 53GHz created by an off-the-shelf phase modulator. The single photons are emitted by an InAs/GaAs quantum dot grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy within the transparency window of the backbone fiber optical network. This combination of established telecommunication equipment and a novel quantum light source paves the way for future quantum-internet applications.

Field of study: Physics
Trust-based secure clustering in WSN-based intelligent transportation systems

Increasing the number of vehicles on roads leads to congestion and safety problems. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology providing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to address these problems. Usually, WSN-based applications, including ITS ones, incur high communication overhead to support efficient connectivity and communication activities. In the ITS environment, clustering would help in addressing the high communication overhead problem. In this paper, we introduce a bio-inspired and trust-based cluster head selection approach for WSN adopted in ITS applications. A trust model is designed and used to compute a trust level for each node and the Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is used to select the cluster heads based on three parameters: residual energy, trust value and the number of neighbors. The simulation results showed that our proposed model is energy efficient (i.e., its power consumption is more efficient than many well-known clustering algorithm such as LEACH, SEP, and DEEC under homogeneous and heterogeneous networks). In addition, the results demonstrated that our proposed model achieved longer network lifetime, i.e., nodes are kept alive longer than what LEACH, SEP and DEEC can achieve. Moreover, the the proposed model showed that the average trust value of selected Cluster Head (CH) is high under different percentage (30% and 50%) of malicious nodes.

Field of study: Computer science
Implementation, Revisions, and Student Perceptions of a Pre-Matriculation Program in a School of Pharmacy

To characterize the development, revision, and student perceptions of a pre-matriculation program entitled Pharmacy Readiness and Enrichment Program (PREP) in a school of pharmacy.  The program was first implemented in June 2013 for the incoming class of 2016. The main components of PREP were curriculum and scientific content review, professionalism, time management, critical thinking, and personal interactions. Entering student pharmacists were surveyed immediately and six or more months after PREP concluded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if participation in PREP affected students’ academic performance.  Student perceptions regarding the program and its components were favorable immediately after PREP but less favorable six or more months later. Statistical analysis showed that students who completed PREP had significantly higher cumulative grade point average (GPA) in pharmacy year one and year two.  It is possible to implement a two-day pre-matriculation program with a wide range of components and deliver it prior to the start of the first professional year. It is also possible to deliver some PREP components during the first professional year rather than prior to matriculation into the program. The PREP may serve as a model for other schools of pharmacy that are considering the implementation of a pre-matriculation program, or that have a pre-matriculation program in place and are seeking to modify or update their program.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Our America: A Hispanic History of the United States by Felipe Fernández-Armesto (review)

and mystifications—has emerged as a crucial symbol in U.S. political struggles over migration. It is hardly a criticism of her capable study and analysis to point out that the processes of political struggle over the border and migration include other actors and forces, including border-resident community organizations as well as nationally oriented activists (to be accurate, all three organizations she studied involved borderregion residents as well as outsiders drawn to the border).

Field of study: History
Proliferation, phenotype, and cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes invaded by melanoma cells.

The effects of human recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) on metastatic melanoma (lymph node)-derived T lymphocytes cultured with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were studied. Lymphocytes isolated from melanoma-invaded lymph nodes were cultured in media with rIL-2 in the presence (MB-2,4) or absence (MB-2) or rIL-4 for up to 48 days. A majority of lymphocytes grown in both cultures were CD3+ T lymphocytes. Addition of rIL-4 to the rIL-2 culture abrogated the growth of the CD3-, CD56+ cell population [natural killer (NK) cell], which were present in culture with rIL-2 alone. Lymph-node-derived T lymphocytes that had expanded under MB-2,4 conditions lysed only autologous melanoma cells and they maintained the autologous-specific cytolytic activity during the entire culture period. They did not lyse K562, Daudi, or allogeneic target cells. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CD3 molecules and MHC class I molecules but not MHC class II molecules inhibited the specific lytic functions of T lymphocytes under MB-2,4 culture conditions. Collectively, these data indicate that in lymphocyte culture derived from melanoma-invaded lymph nodes, rIL-4 inhibits the rIL-2-dependent proliferation of NK cells and antigen nonspecific killer T lymphocytes and also effectively abrogates the rIL-2-induced NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities.

Field of study: Biology
Handling communications in process algebraic architectural description languages: Modeling, verification, and implementation

Architectural description languages are a useful tool for modeling complex software systems at a high level of abstraction. If based on formal methods, they can also serve for enabling the early verification of various properties such as component coordination and for guiding the synthesis of code correct by construction. This is the case with process algebraic architectural description languages, which are process calculi enhanced with the main architectural concepts. However, the techniques with which those languages have been equipped are mainly conceived to work with synchronous communications only. The objective of this paper is threefold. On the modeling side, we show how to enhance the expressiveness of a typical process algebraic architectural description language by including the capability of representing nonsynchronous communications in such a way that the usability of the original language is preserved. On the verification side, we show how to modify techniques for analyzing the absence of coordination mismatches like the compatibility check for acyclic topologies and the interoperability check for cyclic topologies in such a way that those checks are valid also for nonsynchronous communications. On the implementation side, we show how to generate multithreaded object-oriented software in the presence of synchronous and nonsynchronous communications in such a way that the properties proved at the architectural level are preserved at the code level.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Dissonance on the Road: Self-Esteem as a Moderator of Internal and External Self-Justification Strategies

Processes of self-justification were investigated in a field experiment among car drivers. High self-esteem was expected to reduce internal and external self-justification strategies. Dissonance was aroused by confronting respondents with the negative consequences of car driving either for others, that is, moral dissonance (e.g., environment, public health), or for themselves, that is, hedonistic dissonance (e.g., travel time). A third group served as a no-dissonance control group. Consistent with the predictions, no self-justification was found among high-self-esteem respondents. Low-self-esteem respondents displayed more external self-justification strategies in response to moral dissonance and internal self-justification strategies in response to hedonistic dissonance, although the latter effect was weaker. Results of Study 2 suggest that high-self-esteem respondents are less likely to engage in self-justification because they experience less discomfort after a self-threat. Together, the results illuminate the relation between self-esteem and self-justification and provide external validity for self-affirmation theory.

Field of study: Psychology
Behavioral Characteristics Rated by District Education Officers (DEOs) for Effective Principalship

The purpose of this study was to investigate, by means of quantitative research methods, District Education Officers (DEOs) perceptions regarding the behavioral characteristics of effective secondary schhol principals. The major findings were based on the results of the eight interviews conducted with DEOs. In an effort to determine the findings, the research worked with the data, organizing it, breaking it down question by question, interview by interview, then synthesizing it searching for patterns of responses. It was noted that DEOs value common aspects of the principal’s role differently and to avoid degrees. If the principalship is about leadership and effective leadership is defined differently by different people, then what an effective principal does may be viewed differently.  Perception, District Education Officer (DEO), Effectivity, Principal, Leadership, Behavioral Characteristics.

Field of study: Education
Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies.

PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Comparison of the occurrence of spermatozoal antibodies in male and female blood donors.

Sera from 207 male and 190 female blood donors were studied for spermatozoal antibodies by sperm agglutination and indirect IFT on methanol-fixed spermatozoa. 
 
Sperm agglutinins occurred significantly more frequently in men (about 4%) than in women (0·5%), and IFT (with serum diluted 1:10) revealed a similar relation for antibodies against the main tail piece (about 10% in males vs about 3% in females). Antibodies against the front part of the acrosome and against the equatorial segment were, on the other hand, found with the same frequency in men and women, i.e. in 6–7% and 2–3%, respectively. 
 
Antibodies against the front part of the acrosome were predominantly of the IgM class, while staining of the equatorial segment and the main tail piece was mainly caused by IgG antibodies. 
 
The rare occurrence of sperm agglutinins in women may possibly be a consequence of rapid destruction of the corresponding sperm-specific antigens after ejaculation of the spermatozoa. The identical findings in men and women for antibodies against the acrosomal antigens lead to the suggestion that constitutional factors could be of particular importance for the ability to respond to these antigens.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron Deflector High Voltage Tests

We report measurements of electrical properties of a compact electrostatic deflector and high voltage transmission line for the K-500 cyclotron. The voltage limits, sparking rates, dark current levels and the effects of conditioning are observed. The system supports the maximum required voltage and fits within the space available at the mid-plane of the superconducting magnet. Both stainless steel and titanium are suitable anode materials. A surge-limiting resistance between power supply and deflector greatly reduces spark damage to the anode surface.

Field of study: Physics
Development of a Finite Element Model for Progressive Damage Analysis of Composite Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Fiber reinforced polymer laminates are susceptible to transverse low velocity impact which can cause significant damages, such as matrix cracks, delamination and fiber breakage. A 3-Dimensional (3-D) finite element model (FEM) is presented for the progressive damage analysis of fiber reinforced laminates subjected to low velocity impact. The constitutive equations of material used in the FEM are based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The modified HASHIN failure criterions are used in the material model to detect the initiation of all the failure modes of laminates. A simplified material stiffness degradation scheme is used to characterize the material degradation due to damages. The failure criterions and material degradation scheme have been incorporated in the software ABAQUS/Explicit through the user defined material subroutine VUMAT. The available experiments of thin carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates subjected to low velocity impact were used to validate the developed FEM. The good agreement of the impact contact force history and damage area between the analysis results and the experimental data shows the validation of the developed FEM.

Field of study: Materials science