nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Vulnerable Sense of Place: Re-adapting Post-apocalyptic Dystopia in Octavia Butler’s "Parable of the Sower" and Colson Whitehead’s "Zone One"

Drawing on a number of theoretical works by  space, trauma and dystopian studies scholars, this paper reconsiders the postapocalyptic novels of Octavia E. Butler and Colson Whitehead, Parable of the Sower and Zone One respectively, as instances of “narrative vulnerability” that reformulate dystopian conventions to denounce precariousness and social chaos in twenty-first century America. It is argued that these novels re-adapt dystopia (understood in terms of genre and space: dys-topos) to denounce the futurelessness and fragility of corporate (bio)political systems, which can easily turn into posthuman regimes that cannibalize and impinge on the rights of those deemed Other. My aim with this paper is to trace the authors’ depictions of time and space as reconsidered genre components that problematize narrative resolution, adhering to narrative closure and spatial vulnerability in an attempt to critically portray the victimhood and hopelessness of those for whom nation and home will always be inaccessible, merely dystopian land.  Debido al reciente auge de la ficcion post-apocaliptica, este articulo pretende reconsiderar las novelas de Octavia Butler y Colson Whitehead, Parable of the Sower and Zone One respectivamente, como ejemplos de “vulnerabilidad narrativa” que reformulan las convenciones del genero para denunciar la precariedad y el caos social en America a lo largo del siglo XXI. Tratare de ofrecer una vision teorica de la adaptacion que estas novelas hacen del genero (y el espacio) post-apocaliptico para denunciar la ausencia de un futuro esperanzador que conllevan los sistemas (bio)politicos que gobiernan nuestra sociedad. Son precisamente estos sistemas los que pueden transformarse en regimenes post-humanos que canibalizan y vulneran los derechos que aquellas personas consideradas como Otras. El proposito de este articulo es analizar la representacion del tiempo y el espacio en las novelas como componentes clave en la re-adaptacion de su genero postapocaliptico, logrando asi evitar la resolucion del conflicto para abogar por un cierre narrativo. A traves de la vulnerabilidad de los espacios narrativos, estas novelas motivan al lector a analizar tanto la sociedad en la que vive, como las emociones conflictivas que en ella residen (tanto propias como ajenas). Se consigue asi representar la violencia a la que algunos colectivos sociales se ven sometidos, recalcando la ausencia que algunos sufren de un refugio al que poder llamar hogar.

Field of study: History
Correlation between oxygen distribution and luminescence efficiency in SiGe/Si layer structures measured by cathodoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy

SiGe layers and quantum wells grown on Si by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) have been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and spectroscopy. Monochromatic imaging of the shallow bound exciton luminescence from the SiGe layers showed that in some cases it was not uniform. Dark regions were observed with dimensions mainly in the range 100 - 200 . As the density and size of these regions increased, the overall luminescence efficiency decreased. In this paper we report an investigation of the possibility that oxygen incorporation in the SiGe layer structures is responsible for the decrease in luminescence efficiency. Luminescence systems created in Si by radiation damage, known to be associated with carbon - oxygen and carbon - carbon complexes, were used to investigate the depth and spatial distribution of oxygen. A SiGe sample which contained a high density of dark regions was shown to have a high oxygen concentration close to the interface, either in the Si buffer layer or the substrate. Monochromatic CL images showed that the oxygen distribution was non-uniform, and that the areas where the oxygen concentration increased could be correlated with the regions where the shallow bound exciton luminescence efficiency decreased. This implies that oxygen incorporation in the SiGe layers during growth creates the non-radiative regions.

Field of study: Materials science
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Passive switching of the Q factor of a CO2 laser by a saturable filter containing OsO4 vapor

An experimental investigation was made of the passive switching of the Q factor of a CO2–N2–He laser by the saturation of the resonant absorption in OsO4 vapor. Passive switching of the Q factor was observed, in a nonselective resonator, for the P(24) line of the 0001–1000 band of CO2. The introduction of an NaCl prism as a dispersing element resulted in the switching of the Q factor corresponding to the P(4)–P(26) lines and the R(4)–R(28) lines of the same CO2 band. The duration of the output pulses was 1–2 μsec. The pulse repetition frequency was 20–50 kHz. The pulse output power was 10–15 times greater than the power of a continuous wave generated in the absence of an absorber. An investigation was made of the influence on the Q-switching conditions of the parameters of the active medium (the pressures of the components and the discharge current) and of the pressure in the absorber cuvette.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Application of iterative processes of R-order at least three to operators with unbounded second derivative

In this paper, we apply a family of Newton-like methods, which contains the best known iterative processes, to operator equations where the usual convergence conditions are relaxed. We weaken these conditions by assuming ∥F″(x0)∥ ⩽ α and ∥F″(x) − F″(y)∥ ⩽ ω(∥x − y∥), with ω a non-decreasing continuous real function. Our results include the ones obtained when the convergence of the family is studied under Lipschitz continuous or Holder continuous conditions for the second derivative of the operator involved. To finish, we apply the study to boundary value problems.

Field of study: Mathematics
Why Rules Don't Work

In virtually all fields of regulation and administration there are large numbers of rules that are regularly ignored or disobeyed. In spite of statutes, regulations and codes, rivers continue to be polluted, discrimination still takes place and many workplaces remain unsafe. Why do rules fail to work? How might rules be designed so as to work more efficiently? What is it that impedes the making of effective rules? These three questions are my central concern. The particular scheme of regulation I look at in detail is that applicable to workplace hazards in Britain. I attempt to draw broad lessons from that study and, in examining the way that rulemakers can and might behave, look at the insights offered by certain approaches to policy analysis. First though, the objects of study should be described. Rules can come in many different shapes and forms. They can also be used in association with a number of different regulatory strategies. These variations should be noted before the limitations of different rules in health and safety regulation are outlined.

Field of study: Law
Seasonal shifts in population structure of Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment as revealed by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.

The partial sequence (600 bp) containing the most variable region of Vibrio vulnificus 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was determined for 208 randomly selected V. vulnificus strains isolated from Galveston Bay, TX, USA between June 2000 and June 2001. A comparative analysis of the determined partial 16S rDNA sequences revealed the existence of two different partial 16S rDNA sequences (type A and type B, 1.3% base substitutions) among the 208 V. vulnificus isolates. A higher proportion of 16S rDNA type A strains was isolated in June and July while a considerably higher proportion of type B strains was isolated in September. In addition, after no V. vulnificus strains were detected during the winter months (December-February), only type A strains were isolated during the following months (March-May). The results suggest that the relative abundance of type A and type B V. vulnificus strains in Galveston Bay varies with the season and that the differences between the two 16S rDNA types may affect the viability of these organisms in the natural environment.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Carriage of the EGF rs4444903 A>G functional polymorphism associates with disease progression in chronic HBV infection

Because epidermal growth factor (EGF) up‐regulation is characteristic of the cirrhotic liver, we hypothesised that the EGF rs4444903 A > G functional polymorphism might be associated with a worse disease course in patients with chronic HBV infection. To verify this hypothesis, 170 HBV‐positive patients (125 males) with a median age of 52 years were studied. Sixty‐two of these patients were followed longitudinally for a median time of 21 years. Genotyping for the EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism was performed by the polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. In the cross‐sectional study, the EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism genotypic frequencies significantly differed between transplant patients (A/A = 20·4%, A/G = 52·3%, G/G = 27·3%) and HBsAg+ carriers (active and inactive: A/A = 35·7%, A/G = 47·6%, G/G = 16·7%, P = 0·036 for the linear trend). In the longitudinal study, the EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism was found to be an independent predictor of cirrhosis development (O.R. 7·73, 95% C.I. 1·21–49·5, P = 0·007). Three groups of patients were identified: A/A female homozygotes (n = 9), A/A male homozygotes (n = 13) and carriers of the G allele of either gender (n = 40). Cirrhosis did not occur among A/A females (n = 0/9), seldom occurred among A/A males (n = 2/13) and reached the highest frequency among G/* patients (n = 13/40, P = 0·026). In conclusion, the EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism appears to be associated with an unfavourable disease course of chronic HBV infection and cirrhosis development. This effect might be modulated, at least in part, by the gender of the patient.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Effects of exogenous hormones on yield and flavonoid content in tartary buckwheat grains

The effects of exogenous hormones on the quality and yield of tartary buckwheat grains of Weiku 1 and Qianku 6 were studied. Exogenous hormones were sprayed on the whole plant at early flower stage. The results showed that different concentrations of exogenous hormones had various effects on the yield and flavonoid content of tartary buckwheat seeds. The optimum concentrations of GA3 and IAA that improved the yield of tartary buckwheat were 80 and 110 mg·L-1, respectively. Application of exogenous GA3 decreased the flavonoid content in Weiku 1, but GA3 at a low level increased flavonoid content in Qianku 6; Application of IAA at a low level increased the grain flavonoid in Weiki 1; however, application IAA decreased the flavonoid content in Qianku 6.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Estimation of parameters in linear mixed measurement error models with stochastic linear restrictions

In this paper, we concentrate on the estimation of parameters in the linear mixed models (LMMs) with stochastic linear restrictions on the fixed and random effects, when the fixed effects are measured with error. In addition, the asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived and their performances are compared with the estimators for no restrictions cases, in the sense of mean square error matrix (MSEM). Finally, a simulation study and numerical example have been conducted to show the superiority of the restricted estimator over the unrestricted estimator.

Field of study: Mathematics
Fatigue Analysis of Tooth Surface Damage and Fracture for Rear Axle Passive Gear of Truck

In order to find out the reason for the rear axle passive gear being failure,the macro characteristics,micro-morphology,microstructure of the damaged teeth were observed and analyzed.The composition,hardness and carburized layer depth were measured.The results show that the failure reason of passive gear is because the gear bottom has cutting groove in cool work,which leads to the high stress and high cycle fatigue crack,causing the start tooth broken,and thus getting other teeth broken.The less important problem is that the lubricating oil of gear is unwise.

Field of study: Materials science
Der Kaiser im "giardino dell'impero": Zur Rezeption Karls V. in italienischen Bildprogrammen des 16. Jahrhunderts (review)

uncommonly reliable, and readable, narrative account of the painter’s art and career. The ghost at the banquet is Annibale Carracci, one of Tintoretto’s most acute observers, whose art owes so much to him, and who famously wrote to his cousin Ludovico (quoted by Falomir in his introductory essay, 17) that, “I have sometimes seen Tintoretto as equal to Titian, and at other times inferior to Tintoretto.” The comment certainly points to Tintoretto’s fabled speed of execution, and it also raises the question of workshop intervention, especially in the artist’s later years. Lurking beneath it, however, is the further question, not only of Tintoretto and Titian, but also Tintoretto’s rivalry with Veronese. I have myself analyzed Annibale’s study of Tintoretto’s dramatic chiaroscuro, and his assimilation of it to Veronese’s purposefully opposed emphasis on high-key colorism, so naturally I would have liked to see their rivalry explored in closer detail. This quibble aside, I congratulate Falomir and his collaborators on an entirely successful and admirable book. CHARLES DEMPSEY The Johns Hopkins University

Field of study: History
Comparison of alcoholism subtypes as moderators of the response to sertraline treatment.

A variety of typologies have been used to categorize alcoholism's diverse manifestations. Although the most widely studied typologies are dichotomous ones based on genetic epidemiologic findings or using cluster analytic methods, recent efforts have utilized a single item or the onset of a diagnosis of alcohol dependence to subtype individuals based on the age of alcoholism onset. We compared 3 different methods to subtype alcoholics.



This secondary analysis used data from 134 alcohol-dependent participants in a placebo-controlled trial of sertraline (Kranzler et al., 2011). We compared cluster analysis to distinguish 2 risk/severity subtypes (Babor et al., 1992) with 2 age-of-onset subtypes (i.e., based on the age of onset of problem drinking or the age at which alcohol dependence criteria were first met).



Each method yielded subgroups that differed significantly from one another on demographic and clinical measures. Although concordance was high between the 2 age-of-onset methods, it was poor between the age-of-onset methods and the cluster analysis-derived approach. All 3 subtyping approaches significantly moderated the effects of sertraline or placebo, but only in the L'L' genotype group, as originally reported (Kranzler et al., 2011). In all cases, sertraline treatment was superior to placebo in later-onset individuals and inferior to placebo in the earlier-onset groups.



Because age-of-onset subtypes can be defined retrospectively on an individual basis, they may be more clinically useful than cluster-derived subtypes, which require group data. Because the 2 age-of-onset measures we examined appear to have comparable validity, a single item is easier to use as a measure of the age of onset of problem drinking.

Field of study: Medicine
Measuring droplet fall speed with a high-speed camera: indoor accuracy and potential outdoor applications

Acquisition of accurate raindrop fall speed measurements outdoors in natural rain by means of moderate-cost and easy-to-use devices represents a long-standing and challenging issue in the meteorological community. Feasibility experiments were conducted to evaluate the indoor accuracy of fall speed measurements made with a high-speed camera and to evaluate its capability for outdoor applications. An indoor experiment operating in calm conditions showed that the high-speed imaging technique can provide fall speed measurements with a mean error of 4.1–9.7 % compared to Gunn and Kinzer's empirical fall-speed–size relationship for typical sizes of rain and drizzle drops. Results obtained using the same apparatus outside in summer afternoon showers indicated larger positive and negative velocity deviations compared to the indoor measurements. These observed deviations suggest that ambient flow and turbulence play a role in modifying drop fall speeds which can be quantified with future outdoor high-speed camera measurements. Because the fall speed measurements, as presented in this article, are analyzed on the basis of tracking individual, specific raindrops, sampling uncertainties commonly found in the widely adopted optical disdrometers can be significantly mitigated.

Field of study: Environmental science
Design and Research of Heterogeneous Environment CSCW System Model and Architecture

Proposed a CSCW system model based on MVC design pattern for a variety of application environments(C/S,B/S,Ria,etc.) and various network environments(Client-Server,P2P,AdHoc,etc.),and gives the architecture design for a variety of heterogeneous environment,the system model separation the Model layer and the Control layer of the MVC design pattern to solve the heterogeneous environment of CSCW system architecture unification problem,and through the regulation of various heterogeneous architecture of the environment module division and the relationship between modules and increase the reuse rate of the system modules and improve development efficiency.

Field of study: Computer science
Dana Frank, The Long Honduran Night: Resistance, Terror, and the United States in the Aftermath of the Coup (Chicago, IL: Haymarket, 2018), pp. 335, $17.95, pb.

Indigenous communities, like the Nahuas of Tzinacapan, dispensable. The book has a few weaknesses that reflect the challenges of moving seamlessly between multiple scales: from the international to the national, and between different dimensions of the local. For example, the reader does not learn how Cuetzalan became a Magical Village until Chapter 6, information that would have been valuable at the outset. Chapter 5, which provides a close reading of a meeting between local tourism stakeholders, was a missed opportunity to examine the local beneficiaries of the programme. The chapter provides glimpses through the hotel proprietors, knowledge producers and bureaucrats involved in the meeting, but the sketch of the primary local proponents and beneficiaries remains unclear. Nevertheless, the book’s important insights outweigh these minor flaws. It provides a concrete example of the perils of the politics of recognition for marginalised communities by revealing how the official embrace of Indigenous heritage can function as yet another form of dispossession, and is thus of interest to a broad range of scholars of tourism, heritage studies and Indigenous studies, and scholars of the politics of recognition in and beyond Latin America.

Field of study: Political science
Accidents and critical situations due to unintentional escape of refrigerants: a survey of cases in Norway over the last two decades

Safety is an overriding consideration in the design and operation of refrigeration systems. Present practices and regulations must be judged against the experience of the recent past. Regrettably, there are very few systematic records available concerning the frequency and nature of accidents caused by escape of refrigerants, and the discussion is often based on hearsay, preconceived ideas and prejudice. As a contribution to clarify the situation this paper attempts to give a reasonably complete survey of refrigeration accidents and near-accidents in one country. It is highly desirable that similar investigations can be carried out in other countries, in order to provide a more complete basis for objective decisions.

Field of study: Engineering
Effect of Foliar Application of Nutrients on Sheath Rot Disease of Rice

An experiment was conducted during 1993 and 1994 to find the effect of foliar application of calcium sulphate, zinc sulphate, potassium chloride, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and magnesium sulphate on sheath rot incidence and grain yield of rice at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Of the six nutrients applied as foliar spray at 30 and 45 days after transplanting calcium sulphate @ 2% and zinc sulphate @ 1% significantly reduced the disease index with corresponding increase in grain yield. Benefit cost ratio was highest in potassium chloride treatment (108.5) followed by magnesium sulphate (73.22).

Field of study: Biology
Indoor temperature variations resulting from solar desiccant cooling in a building without thermal backup

The performance of a once-through solar desiccant cooling system, for air-conditioning a commercial office space, was modelled using the TRNSYS computer simulation software package. The study particularly focused on the potential for designing and operating a desiccant cooling system, without any thermal backup provided to mitigate for intermittent solar availability in three Australian cities. Increasing (i) indirect evaporative cooler effectiveness, (ii) air flow to the office space, and (iii) solar collector area were all shown to reduce the frequency of high temperature events inside the building occupied space. In the warm temperate climate of Melbourne (and to a lesser extent Sydney), high ventilation rates enabled comfort conditions to be maintained at or near acceptable levels in the occupied space, without the use of a backup thermal source. The synergy between evaporative cooling and solar desiccant cooling, observed in the warm temperate climates, was not evident in the tropical Darwin climate, suggesting that the selected ventilation desiccant cooling cycle is not appropriate for tropical climates.

Field of study: Engineering
Interrelationship between activation of dopaminergic pathways and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of dopamine tetrahydroisoquinoline metabolite salsolinol in humans: preliminary findings.

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the activation of dopaminergic pathways, through adrenal-caudate transplantation, stimulated the production of dopamine and salsolinol in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Parkinson's disease. Dopamine sulfate and salsolinol sulfate in CSF specimens were measured by radioenzymatic technique. The results of this study demonstrated that the replacement of degenerative nigrostriatal neurons with new dopamine-producing cells by adrenal brain transplants in patients with Parkinson's disease resulted in significant increase (p less than 0.05) in CSF levels of free dopamine, dopamine sulfate, free salsolinol, and salsolinol sulfate as compared with preoperative levels. Moreover, the oral administration of L-dopa to these transplanted patients caused substantial (p less than 0.001) elevation in CSF levels of free dopamine (before L-dopa, 146 +/- 57 pg/ml; after L-dopa, 575 +/- 207 pg/ml), dopamine sulfate (before L-dopa, 1966 +/- 945 pg/ml; after L-dopa, 41679 +/- 29326 pg/ml), free salsolinol (before L-dopa, 43 +/- 29 pg/ml; after L-dopa, 186 +/- 90 pg/ml), and salsolinol sulfate (before L-dopa, 405 +/- 477 pg/ml; after L-dopa, 2908 +/- 2572 pg/ml), respectively.

Field of study: Medicine