nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of immunological characteristics of patients with mild and severe influenza A（H1N1）

To comparatively analyze the immunological characteristics of patients with mild and severe influenza A （H1N1）, and to provide the evidence for condition monitoring and treatment .  52 cases with mild influenza A （ H1N1）, 152 cases with severe influenza A （ H1N1） and 26 healthy subjects from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 were enrolled in the study.Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and the serum concentrations of interferon -γ（ IFN-γ） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） were detected by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay （ELISA）. The total lymphocyte counts were decreased obviously in patients with severe influenza A （ H1N1） than in mild pa-tients and in healthy subjects （P0.05）.Con-clusion Immune dysfunction in patients with influenza A （H1N1） infection is associated with the severity of disease, especially cellular immunity .Therefore, monitoring of the immune system is valuable for the diag-nosis of influenza A（H1N1） infection. 
 
 
Influenza A virus,H1N1 subtype; Lymphocyte subsets; Interferon-γ; Interleukin-4

Field of study: Biology
Scholastic philosophy and Renaissance magic in the De vita of Marsilio Ficino.

At arsilio Ficino completed the third part of his De vita libri tres, titled De vita coelitus comparanda, inJuly of 1489; by the fall of that year he felt obliged to write an Apologia on behalf of his new book. Though it was destined to be the most popular of his original works, this analysis and defense of astrological magic and medicine caused Ficino worry from the moment of its composition. The Apology shows that he was particularly anxious about the religious orthodoxy of De vita III, among whose readers he expected to find many ignorant critics and some malignant:

Field of study: History
Cambrian system of India

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit beschreibt ausführlich die kambrische Stratigraphie Indiens. Anhand neuer Fossilfunde werden die paläogeographischen Bedingungen während der kambrischen Periode diskutiert.AbstractThe paper describes in detail the Cambrian Stratigraphy of India. On the basis of fresh fossil finds, the paleogeographic conditions during the Cambrian Period have been discussed.RésuméL'article décrit en détail la stratigraphie du Cambrien de l'Inde. Partant de nouvelles découvertes de fossiles, les auteurs discutent les conditions paléogégraphiques au cours de la période cambrienne.Краткое содержаниеОписана стратиграфи я кембрия Индии. На осн овании новых находок окамен елостей сделана попытка реко нструкции палеогеог рафических условий в этом периоде.

Field of study: Environmental science
209: STAT3-driven regulation of microRNAs during gastric inflammation-associated tumourigenesis

Hyperactivation of the latent transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 is frequently observed in inflammation-associated gastric cancer. However the full spectrum of downstream gene networks modulated by STAT3 during the pathogenesis of gastric tumourigenesis remains ill-defined. The gp130 F / F gastric cancer mouse model which recapitulates the hyperactive STAT3 signaling and tumor progression observed in human disease was therefore employed to identify novel STAT3-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the onset of gastric tumours. Using a miRNA array approach coupled with miRNA real-time quantitative PCR validation, we identified that 2 miRNAs (miR-146b and miR-429) are consistently up in stomach tissue from gp130 F / F mice at 4 weeks (prior to tumour initiation) and 3 months (established tumour formation) of age compared to age-matched wild type mice. Consistent with our previous demonstration that interleukin (IL)-11/STAT3 signaling plays a causal role during gastric tumourigenesis in gp130 F / F mice, normalization of gastric STAT3 activation and IL-11 expression in gp130 F / F mice lacking the IL-11 ligand-binding receptor subunit (IL-11Ra) also normalized the expression of these miRNAs. We also found that in response to IL-11 treatment of wild-type mice, miR-146b and miR-429 are significantly increased along with STAT3 activation. Furthermore, these 2 miRs are upregulated in human intestinal-type gastric cancer biopsies characterized by increased STAT3 signaling. Collectively, our data reveal 2 novel STAT3-regulated miRNAs in gastric tumourigenesis, and therefore suggest that the regulation of specific miRNAs may represent an additional mechanism by which STAT3 promotes oncogenesis in the stomach.

Field of study: Medicine
2 kW continuous wave power combining technique in S band

This paper introduces the 2 kW continuous wave power combining technique based on TWTs.It mainly proceeds the analysis of the combining efficiency and the factors influencing the conformation of magnitude and phase.A 2 kW power amplifier is designed based on the analysis.The magnitude equalizing,phase equalizing and combiner protecting are also discussed.The experiments indicate that the combining efficiency can be greater than 95% with magnitude and phase equalizing technique.

Field of study: Physics
Design and Implementation of 32 Bits Servo Controller for CNC

Presently,the products of domestic Servo Controller mainly take the 16 bits DSP(Digit Signal Processor) as the core processor.Because of the limit of its running speed and its word length,it is difficult to fulfill the complicated mathematic arithmetic and the higher control precision.This paper has implemented the hardware design of the high speed and high precision Servo Controller,which takes the 32 bits DSP TMS320F2812 as the core processor.Besides,it introduced the software design of the Servo Control system which based on the multi-duty real-time core DSP/BIOS.Finally,it gives a performance comparison with the performance of 16 bits Servo Controller,and gets the results of the 32 bits system′s test based on the LT-CNC(Lan Tian Computer Numeric Control) servo system.

Field of study: Computer science
Das analytische Verhalten der asymptotischen Wellenfunktion und dieS- bzw. η-Matrix für mehrere Teilchen

ZusammenfassungAufstellung derS-Matrix für ein eindimensionales Mehrkörperproblem in erster Näherung. Zusammenhang zwischen den Matrixelementen der reinen Streuung und denjenigen, die die Ionisation bzw. Erzeugung von Teilchen beschreiben. Herleitung der zwetten Näherung derS-Matrix. Betrachtungen über das allgemeine analytische Verhalten der exaktenS-Matrix.

Field of study: Physics
On the variance of total warranty claims

A model for obtaining the expected value of total warranty claims is extended to derive the variance of their size. The model considers N items whose failure time distribution is gamma, the warranty policy is pro-rata or lump sum, and total discounted warranty claims are of interest. The paper focuses on the variance of this total which is computed both for the case when the parameters of the gamma distribution are known and for the case when one of the parameters, the mean, is unknown. (A Bayesian approach is used for parameter estimation.) It is shown that parameter uncertainty can have a considerable effect on the variance of total warranty claims.

Field of study: Mathematics
Sputter-induced defects in Zn-doped GaAs Schottky diodes

Schottky barrier diodes are made by ac magnetron deposition of Au on p-type GaAs substrates. Sputtering causes donor-like defects in the surface region of semiconductors, and these donor-like states compensate mostly the Zn shallow acceptor states over distances of 200 nm below the surface. These defects are attributed to the As Frenkel pairs VAs?Asi with an energy level at 0.27 eV below the conduction band. The As Frenkel pairs are responsible for the Fermi level pinning at metal?semiconductor interfaces and also for the observed change in barrier height in sputtered GaAs material.

Field of study: Materials science
The Three Faces of Labor: Sustainability and the Next Wave of Automation

This article develops a model of three faces of labor from Figart, Mutari, and Power’s three faces of wages. This is integrated with sustainability models to locate the process of human and social capital formation and explore issues arising from technological change. The latest wave of automation, involving robotics and artificial intelligence, is expected to be an even greater challenge for worker well-being than globalization and immigration. The model supports a new narrative around labor that incorporates the caring economy as well as a framework for thinking about labor issues and long-term well-being.

Field of study: Economics
Induction of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon transcripts during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12D cells and during the development of the cerebellum.

We have investigated a possible role played by protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPepsilon), which was recently cloned and predominantly expressed in brain, in neural differentiation and function. During neuronal cell differentiation of PC12D cells triggered by NGF or FGF, PTPepsilon transcripts were transiently induced at a time between the appearance of transcripts for immediate-early genes and for neuronal cell-specific markers. PTPepsilon was the only PTPase whose transcripts were induced during PC12D cell differentiation among over two dozen PTPase transcripts so far examined. Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed that PTPepsilon transcripts were detected in the neural tube of day 12 postcoitum embryo, and in the nervous system including brain, spinal cord, and ganglions in a ubiquitous manner in late gestational stages. In 4-day-old neonatal mice, the transcripts were widely distributed in the central nervous system where the strongest expression was detected in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb. Interestingly, in day 7 and 16 neonatal brains, the strongest PTPepsilon gene expression was localized in the granular cells of cerebellum, which might indicate that PTPepsilon is involved in the differentiation of the granular cells. The biological significance of PTPepsilon in neuronal differentiation and brain functions is discussed.

Field of study: Biology
THE SMALL SAMPLE PROPERTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ESTIMATOR FOR REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS

Under the mean square error matrix (MSEM) criterion and Pitman closeness (PC) criterion, the principal components estimator (PRCE) is compared with the least square estimator (LSE) and the superiority of PRCE over LSE is achieved respectively. Finally, we examine the superiority of PRCE predictor over the LSE predictor based on these two criteria.

Field of study: Mathematics
Study of blending traditional Daurian sports events into college physical education teaching.

By applying means and methods such as organizing students to enjoy traditional sports games of minority Daurian nationality,constructing traditional Daurian sports training bases,as well as developing and popularizing advantageous single events,the authors formed such a college features packed teaching mode as using Daurian lan-guage in some classes,applying modern education technology,blending traditional physical education into college physical education curriculum of provincial collection. Achievements made in featured teaching indicated that under the background of modern society,fully utilizing places such as college classrooms to develop Daurian sports plays an active role in protecting and developing sports culture.

Field of study: Education
GLP-1 and Ghrelin Attenuate High Glucose/High Lipid-Induced Apoptosis and Senescence of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells

GLP-1 and ghrelin are common appetite-regulating hormones. Both have multiple functions beyond metabolic regulation. However, the effects of GLP-1 and ghrelin on endothelial biology are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the roles of GLP-1 and ghrelin in microvascular endothelial apoptosis and senescence.  Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were exposed to high glucose/high lipid (HG/HL) conditions and treated with GLP-1 or ghrelin. Cellular apoptosis, senescence, and mitochondrial function were measured. In addition, the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways were examined.  Both GLP-1 and ghrelin treatment decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and inhibited caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and mitochondrial dysfunction in HG/HL-exposed HMECs. GLP-1, but not ghrelin decreased the number of β-galactosidase (β-gal)-positive cells. Furthermore, GLP-1 and ghrelin inhibited ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 signaling. GLP-1 suppressed Akt signaling, but ghrelin had no effect. Moreover, JNK1/2 and p38 inhibitors, but not ERK1/2 and Akt inhibitors, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Additionally, only the Akt inhibitor decreased the number of β-gal-positive cells.  These results demonstrate that GLP-1 and ghrelin inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction under HG/HL conditions, and suppress endothelial apoptosis via inhibiting JNK1/2 and p38 signaling; moreover, GLP-1 alleviates endothelial senescence via inactivating Akt signaling.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Far infrared optical properties of selenium and cadmium telluride.

The optical constants of Se and CdTe have been measured in the far ir from 10 cm(-1) to 100 cm(-1) using Fourier transform spectroscopy. An oscillator model has been fit to the available data for both materials over the entire ir range from 10 cm(-1) to 10,000 cm(-1). Several three-phonon absorption peaks have been observed and identified in the absorption spectra of Se. The linear optical properties of these important ir materials have been summarized throughout the ir region.

Field of study: Physics
Cellular internalization of dissolved cobalt ions from ingested CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: in vivo experimental evidence.

With a model invertebrate animal, we have assessed the fate of magnetic nanoparticles in biologically relevant media, i.e., digestive juices. The toxic potential and the internalization of such nanoparticles by nontarget cells were also examined. The aim of this study was to provide experimental evidence on the formation of Co(2+), Fe(2+), and Fe(3+) ions from CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the digestive juices of a model organism. Standard toxicological parameters were assessed. Cell membrane stability was tested with a modified method for measurement of its quality. Proton-induced X-ray emission and low energy synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence were used to study internalization and distribution of Co and Fe. Co(2+) ions were found to be more toxic than nanoparticles. We confirmed that Co(2+) ions accumulate in the hepatopancreas, but Fe(n+) ions or CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are not retained in vivo. A model biological system with a terrestrial isopod is suited to studies of the potential dissolution of ions and other products from metal-containing nanoparticles in biologically complex media.

Field of study: Environmental science
Prise en charge en soins primaires des troubles liés à l’usage d’alcool et de la consommation à risque: Partie 2 : conseiller, prescrire, connecter.

Resume Objectif Presenter aux medecins de soins primaires des renseignements et des conseils fondes sur des donnees probantes concernant la prise en charge de la consommation a risque et des troubles lies a l’usage d’alcool (TUA). Sources des donnees Nous avons entrepris une recherche documentaire non systematique a l’aide d’expressions de recherche en anglais, notamment primary care; screening, interventions, management et treatment; et at-risk drinking, alcohol use disorders, alcohol dependence et alcohol abuse; ainsi que des interventions specifiques en medecine et en counseling pertinentes aux soins primaires. Principaux messages Dans le cas de patients ayant une consommation a risque ou un TUA, les medecins devraient offrir du counseling et, au besoin (p. ex. les patients dont le TUA est de modere a grave), prescrire et connecter . Counseling : Offrir a tous les patients ayant une consommation a risque une breve seance de counseling et un suivi. Offrir a tous les patients ayant un TUA des seances de counseling et un suivi constant (frequent et regulier). Prescrire : Offrir des medicaments (disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate) a tous les patients ayant un TUA de modere a grave.  Encourager les patients souffrant d’un TUA a suivre des programmes de counseling de jour ou en residence et d’adherer a des groupes d’entraide. S’il est indique de le faire, demander une consultation pour le patient aupres d’un specialiste en medecine des dependances, de services concurrents en sante mentale et en toxicomanie ou une therapie specialisee pour traumatisme.  Les medecins de famille peuvent prendre en charge efficacement les patients qui ont une consommation a risque ou des TUA.

Field of study: Medicine
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Stabilization of the emission wavelength of a neodymium laser by an interference-polarization filter

The effectiveness of using a thermally compensated interference-polarization filter in stabiliziation of the emission wavelength was demonstrated for a neodymium laser whose resonator contained this filter. Variation of the ambient temperature from + 20 to + 40 °C altered the emission wavelength by not more than 0.5 pm. A method was developed for designing a thermally compensated filter of this type. Measurements were made of the thennooptic coefficients of several crystals. The results were used to recommend pairs of crystals for thermally compensated filter stages.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Differential c-fos-like protein expression in mechanically versus chemically induced visceral nociception.

The expression of c-fos-like protein has been suggested to be a marker for neuronal activity in nociceptive processing. The immunohistochemical detection of this protein was used to determine if different visceral noxious stimuli induce distinct patterns in the rat spinal cord. We have developed a mechanical visceral pain model which is based on the acute distention of the duodenum yielding a quantifiable behavioral endpoint, writhing-like activity. One hour following either intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid or the distention of the duodenum via a chronically implanted balloon catheter, the animals were processed for the immunocytochemical detection of c-fos-like protein in the spinal cord. Characteristic patterns of c-fos-like immunoreactivity were observed following each type of stimulus that differed in spinal laminar and segmental distribution, number of neurons expressing fos-like immunoreactivity and staining intensity. The chemical noxious stimulus induced c-fos bilaterally in laminae I and X predominantly in the thoraco-lumbar region of the spinal cord. In contrast, the mechanical noxious stimulus induced a greater number and more intense neuronal c-fos-like protein expression in laminae I-VI, IX and X. These data provide further evidence that there is a differential nociceptive modulation in mechanical noxious visceral stimulation.

Field of study: Biology
The Influence of the Teacher’s Civic Background and of the Teaching Quality on the Level of the Students’ Civic Participation

One of the main objectives of the Strategic Framework for European Collaboration in the field of education and training until 2020 is the promotion of the active civility via education. The scope of this study is reaching some objective conclusions with regard to the existent flaws and the students’ civic background as well as the influence of this background on the active participation level for civic behaviour. It is also intended to study the connection between the civic and cultivated behaviour of the teachers, the teaching quality and the civic participation of the students. In this study, the measurement of the teachers’ civic background and the teaching quality was carried out through the Likert scale. In order to measure the civic behaviours, questions with a scenario were applied, as the behaviours are better measured through the scenarios rather than the scales. The questionnaires were carried out in Durres and Elbasan among 414 students in the classes 6-9 and 34 teachers of the civility education. The statistical package of the social sciences (SPSS, 20) was applied for data analysis. In the civic background of the teachers, several factors resulted to be very essential. Some of these factors were: the civic engagement and values, where Chronbach’s Alfa resulted to be 0,73. Meanwhile, in the teaching quality level other factors resulted to be crucial, such as: the quality of the class, the teaching methodology, the assessment methods, where Chronbach’s Alfa resulted to be 0,67. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n4p296

Field of study: Education, Sociology
CD30 positive (Ki-1) large cell lymphoma presenting with pericardial constriction.

It is very uncommon for the initial presentation of malignant lymphoma to be one of cardiac involvement and for such involvement to precipitate cardiac dysfunction attributable to constriction. We describe a CD30 positive (Ki-1) anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T-cell type, in a 29-year-old man whose presentation was a short history of profound hemodynamic impairment and whose clinical course was rapidly fatal. This patient's constrictive physiology was attributable to diffuse infiltration of the pericardium and epicardium by the Ki-1 lymphoma. Our description of this patient is noteworthy, given that the clinical and pathologic features of Ki-1 lymphomas are still being characterized.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on pulmonary surfactants phospholipid synthesis in lung explants.

To investigate the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on pulmonary surfactants (PS) phospholipid synthesis in cultured lung explants.



Lung explants were cultured with serum-free medium, [methyl-3H]choline incorporation, total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, activity of choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CCT) and CCTalpha mRNA level in lung explants were determined.



(1) VIP (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L) for 16 h promoted [methyl-3H]choline incorporation in dose dependence and VIP (10(-8) mol/L) for 2 h-16 h promoted [methyl-3H]choline incorporation in time dependence. (2) VIP (10(-8) mol/L) enhanced the contents of total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine in lung explants. (3) VIP (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L) elevated microsomal CCT activity of lung explants in dose dependence. (4) VIP (10(-8) mol/L) increased expression of CCTalpha mRNA in lung explants and alveolar type II cells (ATII). (5) [D-P-Cl-Phe(6)-Leu(17)]-VIP (10(-6) mol/L), a VIP receptors antagonist, abolished the increase of [3H]choline incorporation, microsomal CCT activity and CCTalpha mRNA level induced by VIP (10(-8) mol/L) in lung explants.



VIP could enhance synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the major component of pulmonary surfactants by enhancing microsomal CCT activity and CCTalpha mRNA level via VIP receptor-mediated pathway.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine