nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan--A Successful Scheme of Education in India.

The study attempted to know the performance and progress of students enrolled at NFE centers and also available infrastructure and human resources of center in Delhi. In the study 80 students were selected from four centers. The entire study was conducted in 2 phases. In first phase Standard Procedure for the standardization of Achievement Test, Administration of the Standardized tests on a sample of 80 Students was carried out. In second phase the final data was collected on a sample of 80 students. Findings of the study reveal that the learners studied at the center having adequate facilities 86.50 % marks in math and Hindi and who were studied at the center having Inadequate learning facilities had less academic achievement (73.60%) than adequate learning centres. The centres which provide more facilities included learning teaching materials (Level wise text book, Work sheet, Charts, Models, Play materials and toys, Primary science and mathematics kit, Maps and globe, Low cost or zero cost learning materials), basic infrastructural facilities etc., performance of learners was found better than fewer Inadequate-learning Center. The relationship between teacher’s behaviors on academic achievement of the students, Correlation of Hindi with Math is 0.60, Hindi with Teachers is 0.70 and Math with Teachers is 0.41which positively and highly correlated.

Field of study: Education
Influence on Confidence Regions for Regression Coefficients in Generalized Linear Models

Influence on confidence regions has received less attention than the problem of influence on regression coefficients in generalized linear models. Diagnostics are given for examining influence on confidence intervals or the confidence region for all of the regression coefficients. These diagnostics permit one to check whether the standard errors of the coefficients are sensitive to the exact specification of case weights, or the observed values of the explanatory variables or the response. The diagnostics are illustrated with an example and compared to standard diagnostic methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-OXAZINE DERIVATIVES BASED ON (–)-ISOPULEGOL USING THE RITTER REACTION AND STUDY OF THEIR ANALGESIC ACTIVITY

Реакция Риттера между монотерпеноидом (–)-изопулеголом и нитрилами в присутствии концентрированной серной кислоты или трифторметансульфоновой кислоты позволила получить серию хиральных производных 1,3-оксазина. При изучении анальгетической активности синтезированных соединений in vivo обнаружено, что 1,3-оксазин, синтезированный взаимодействием (–)-изопулегола с бензилцианидом, увеличивает латентное время нахождения животного на "горячей пластине" в модели термического болевого раздражения , не уступая по эффективности препарату сравнения диклофенаку натрия.

Field of study: Chemistry
Synthesis of chloro aldehydes of the heterocyclic series

A method was developed for the preparation of 4-chloro-5-formylimidazolones, Δ4-thiazolinones, and 4-chloro-5-formyluracils by reaction of 4-azolidones or barbituric acids with dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride.

Field of study: Chemistry
Guerre et ethnogenèse mapuche dans le Chili colonial: l'invention du soi. By Guillaume Boccara. Foreword by Nathan Wachtel. (Paris: L'Harmattan Recherches Amériques Latines. 1998.) Photographs. Plates. Illustrations. Maps. Figures. Notes. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. 392 pp., 190.00FF pb.


Field of study: Political science
Research on Electrochemical Behavior of Cu-Cu_2O Coating on Q 235 Steel

The Cu-Cu2O coatings on Q 235 steel were prepared by cold spray, and the effect of soaking times, Cl-concentration and pH value on the electrochemical properties of the coatings were studied. The results show that the limiting current of the coating decreased with the increase of soaking times. Cl-hindered the formation of oxide film on the coating, and accelerate the corrosion. The limiting current area of the coating is wide, and the oxidation membrane potential is high in buffer solution with pH=10.

Field of study: Materials science
Po gene expression is modulated by androgens in the sciatic nerve of adult male rats.

The present results show that androgens are able to modulate the Po gene expression in different models. In particular, we have shown that: (1) the messenger for the androgen receptor (AR) is present in the rat sciatic nerve but not in cultured Schwann cells; (2) castration induces a decrease of Po mRNA levels in the sciatic nerve of male rats, which is counteract by the subsequent treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the 5alpha-reduced metabolite of testosterone; (3) castration is also able to significantly decrease in the sciatic nerve the activity of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase (which converts testosterone into DHT); and (4) DHT is able to stimulate Po gene expression in cultured Schwann cells. These observations seem to indicate that androgens may exert their effect on Po gene expression via indirect mechanisms; modulation of neuronal influences reaching the Schwann cells through the binding of the androgen to the AR present in neurons may be postulated. However, alternative mechanisms may also be taken in consideration. The data presented suggest indeed that androgens might act on Schwann cells via the progesterone receptor (PR) rather than the AR. It has been observed that: (1) the messenger for PR is present in Schwann cells; (2) DHT may activate the transcriptional activity of a PR-responsive gene by binding to the PR; and (3) putative steroid responsive elements have been described in this paper to be present in the Po promoter region.

Field of study: Biology
Activation antigen expression on human T cells. I. Analysis by two‐colour flow cytometry of umbilical cord blood, adult blood and lymphoid tissue

Activation antigens (actags) were detected on T cells at low levels of intensity by carefully defining negative cells with a panel of control antibodies. The mean percentage of blood T cells from healthy volunteers that expressed actags were 22% (CD25), 54% (CD26), 38% (CD38), 12% (CD54), 6% (CD69) and 21% (HLA‐DR). The variability of actag expression detected by this sensitive method was determined on healthy volunteers by repeated estimation over a year. The percentage of T cells expressing CD25 and CD26 varied no more than repeated estimation of the CD4 T cell subset, whereas other actags showed greater variability. The antigen density of these actags on T cells was determined in relation to CD4 antigen density, and for most actags ranged from 10% to 75% of the level of CD4 antigen density except for CD7 and HLA‐DR, which could exceed that of CD4. Different degrees of actag expression characterized T cells from different blood and lymphoid tissues. CD26, CD38 and CD45RA were universally expressed in cord blood at higher antigen density than adult blood. This immature pattern was consistent with recent thymic emigration. CD25, CD45RO, CD54 and HLA‐DR progressively increased from cord blood through adult blood to lymphoid tissues, consistent with antigen‐driven activation, whereas CD26 and CD45RA decreased. CD69, a very early activation antigen, abruptly increased in lymphoid tissue, exceeding CD25 by two‐to‐three‐fold and suggesting a pre‐activation state that may not involve commitment to antigen‐driven proliferation. CD7 and CD38 expression was higher in cord blood and lymphoid tissue than in adult blood, indicating both an antigen‐independent and ‐dependent up‐regulation.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Fatty acid composition, enzyme activities and metallothioneins in Donax trunculus (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from polluted and reference sites in the Gulf of Annaba (Algeria): Pattern of recovery during transplantation.

The gulf of Annaba, the most important touristic and economic coastal zone located in Northeast Algeria, is contaminated by several pollutants from urban, agricultural, harbor and industrial activities. Elevated levels of heavy metals were detected in a locally prevalent edible mollusk Donax trunculus (Bivalvia, Donacidae) widely used as a sentinel species for the assessment of marine pollution. The present work aims to measure the difference between two localities, one being full of different pollutants (Sidi Salem) and the other being relatively clean (El Battah) and to evaluate the ability of D. trunculus to overcome the environmental stress during a transplantation experiment by a determination of fatty acid profile, the enzymes activities and the level of metallothioneins (MTs), a biomarker of metallic contamination. Adults of D. trunculus were collected at Sidi Salem (contaminated site) and transplanted into El Battah (reference site) for 21 days in cages (60 × 60 × 60 cm with a 2 mm mesh). Biochemical analyzes were conducted at different times (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). At 0-day experiment: the rate of the fatty acids, the enzymes activities and MT levels at the site of Sidi Salem (polluted site) were significantly different from those of El Battah. During the transplantation a gradual restoration of fatty acids rates, enzymes activities and MT levels was observed. At the end of the period of transplantation, the values are comparable to those of El Battah. A two-way ANOVA (time, site) on data revealed significant effects of time and site. Overally, D. trunculus is able to induce its detoxification system and to restore relatively rapidly the status of individuals from the reference site (El Battah).

Field of study: Environmental science
Supporting and Mentoring New Social Work Instructors: A Formative Evaluation of the TEAM Program

This study provides qualitative results from a unique mentorship and teaching support program designed, implemented, and evaluated in a school of social work at a major Midwestern research I university over a three year span. Primary qualitative data was collected through regular check-in meetings and end of the semester focus groups. Additional data was collected through orientation notes and detailed process notes from individual communications and consults with new instructors. Lessons learned point to both the importance of providing support and mentorship to new instructors as well as challenges in building and sustaining a positive culture for teaching and mentorship at a research I institution.

Field of study: Education
Advanced modular simulation of absorption systems

A computer code has been developed for simulation of absorption systems at steady state in a flexible and modular form, making it possible to investigate various cycle configurations with different working fluids. The code is based on unit subroutines containing the governing equations for the system's components. The components are linked together by a main program according to the user's specifications to form the complete system. When all the equations have been established, a mathematical solver routine is employed to solve them simultaneously. Property subroutines contained in a separate database serve to provide thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. The code is user-oriented and requires a relatively simple input containing the given operating conditions and the working fluid at each state point. The user conveys to the computer an image of the cycle by specifying the different components and their interconnections. Based on this information, the program calculates the temperature, flow rate, concentration, pressure and vapour fraction at each state point in the system and the heat duty at each unit, from which the coefficient of performance may be determined. This paper describes the code and its operation, and discusses some typical results. Significant improvements have been introduced into the present version relative to earlier versions. Particular attention has been deveted to the mathematical portion of the code in order to enhance its convergence capability with large and complex cycles. Simulation results are described for LiBrH 2 O triple-effect cycles, LiClH 2 O solar-powered open absorption cycles and ammoniawater single-effect and GAX cycles.

Field of study: Engineering
State Diagnosis for Closing/Opening Spring in the Spring Operating Mechanism of Circuit Breaker

In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the spring operating mechanism, a method of spring’s state diagnosis in spring operating mechanism is proposed. Through the analyze the spring’s operation characteristic in storing process and in closing/opening process, the effective output of motor in storing process and the closing/opening speed are extracted, and these are used as characteristic parameters to diagnose spring’s state. The diagnosis process of closing/opening spring’s state is specifically analyzed and described based on the judgment of characteristic parameters. The diagnosis system of closing/opening spring’s state is designed, and it is verified by combining with the CT20 spring operating mechanism. Through the contrast experiment of old and new closing/opening spring, the proposed diagnosis method for opening/closing spring is validated to be simple and accurate, and the result of the diagnosis is very well.

Field of study: Engineering
Über die Bandenfluoreszenz des Quecksilberdampfes

ZusammenfassungEs wurden die Erregungsbedingungen und die Struktur der Quecksilberfluoreszenzbanden untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Änderungen der Struktur der Fluoreszenzbanden bei Änderung der Dichte des Quecksilberdampfes auf Reabsorptionswirkungen im Fluoreszenzgefäß beruhen, daß aber die Vernichtung der Fluoreszenz durch starkes Überhitzen des Dampfes auf die Verminderung der Absorptionsfähigkeit der Banden zurückgeführt werden kann. Jede Spektrallinie, die im Absorptionsgebiet des Quecksilberdampfes liegt, erregt die Fluoreszenz, die Struktur des Fluoreszenzspektrums hängt aber von der Erregungsart sehr stark ab. Es wurde im kurzwelligen Ultraviolett eine Fluoreszenzbande beobachtet, die einen diskontinuierlichen Verlauf zeigt und deren Glieder man einzelnen Oszillationszuständen des angeregten Quecksilbermoleküls zuschreiben kann. Eine nähere Diskussion der Resultate der Arbeiten, die den Untersuchungen über Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektra des Quecksilberdampfes gewidmet wurden, ermöglicht, eine Zuordnung der Banden zu den 23 P-Zuständen des Atoms zu finden und aus den Bandenkonvergenzstellen die Dissoziationswärme des Quecksilbermoleküls zu etwa 15 kcal zu bestimmen. Es werden auch einige Beobachtungen über den Einfluß der Zusatzgase auf die Fluoreszenz des Quecksilberdampfes mitgeteilt.

Field of study: Physics
FROM MARKETS TO VENUES: SECURITIES REGULATION IN AN EVOLVING WORLD

The world of securities trading is changing. Advances in technology, combined with the dramatic decrease in the cost of information processing, have conspired to change the way that securities transactions occur. While broker-dealers, specialists, and market makers still ply their trades, they are now joined by a host of new market participants such as robot traders and electronic limit order providers. And while exchanges and the Nasdaq continue to operate, they are confronted by a wide range of competitors including the trading desks of the large broker-dealer firms as well as Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs), the best known of which are Electronic Communications Networks (ECNs) such as Brut ECN, Instinet, and Inet ATS.1 Trades in

Field of study: Law
Carbon isotope record of Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician carbonates of the Argentine Precordillera

A more than 2000-m-thick Cambrian–Ordovician carbonate platform succession developed on the exotic Argentine Precordillera terrane during rifting from Laurentia and drifting towards Gondwana. On base of these carbonates, a carbon isotope curve could be developed for the Cambrian–Ordovician. We measured δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg values on bulk rocks, selected components and diagenetic cements. Whereas the carbon isotope signals of intertidal and supratidal rocks are altered by diagenesis, most subtidal carbonates exhibit primary marine values. We can report reliable curves for the Middle–Late Cambrian transition and for the latest Cambrian to earliest Middle Ordovician. The δ13C curve matches well with the published data from global Cambrian–Ordovician boundary sections. Excursions and shifts in the carbon isotope curve correspond to events in sequence stratigraphy. This indicates the interdependence on sea level which rules the productivity and/or preservation of organic carbon and therefore the partition between Corg and Ccarb burial.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: genetics and molecular diagnostics in a new era

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia characterized by telangiectases and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in particular locations described in consensus clinical diagnostic criteria published in 2000. Two genes in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, ENG and ACVRL1, were discovered almost two decades ago, and mutations in these genes have been reported to cause up to 85% of HHT. In our experience, approximately 96% of individuals with HHT have a mutation in these two genes, when published (Curaçao) diagnostic criteria for HHT are strictly applied. More recently, two additional genes in the same pathway, SMAD4 and GDF2, have been identified in a much smaller number of patients with a similar or overlapping phenotype to HHT. Yet families still exist with compelling evidence of a hereditary telangiectasia disorder, but no identifiable mutation in a known gene. Recent availability of whole exome and genome testing has created new opportunities to facilitate gene discovery, identify genetic modifiers to explain clinical variability, and potentially define an increased spectrum of hereditary telangiectasia disorders. An expanded approach to molecular diagnostics for inherited telangiectasia disorders that incorporates a multi-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) HHT panel is proposed.

Field of study: Biology
Pion Cloud Contributions to the Proton's Weak Magnetic Form Factor

We report on the contributions to the nucleon weak magnetic and electric form factors arising from isospin-breaking form factors. The relativized quark model used in the calculations includes isospin impurities in the large basis nucleon wavefunctions and uses constituent quark currents with both Pauli and Dirac components. Significant contributions are found to arise from the Pauli component when it is interpreted as arising from pion-baryon loops. Including these pion cloud contributions reduces the strange magnetic form factor extracted from the recent SAMPLE measurement of the proton's weak neutral magnetic form factor at low Q^2 by 35 to 52%.

Field of study: Physics
All-Electronic Counter/Timer for Current Meters

CUP and propeller type current meters 
originally required an operator 
to count contact closure noise using earphones. 
Commercial counters then became 
available using an electromechanical 
readout. These counters have problems 
because either the points in the 
current meter head carry the current to 
drive the counter which results in contact 
burning, or there is an intermediate 
relay between the points and the 
counter which introduces another 
source of possible mechanical failure. 
The timebase on these units is usually a 
stopwatch which must be controlled by 
the operator and has no direct electrical 
control upon the operation of the 
counter. The watches are delicate 
mechanical devices subject to wear and 
breakage.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
BFIT, a unique acyl-CoA thioesterase induced in thermogenic brown adipose tissue: cloning, organization of the human gene and assessment of a potential link to obesity.

We hypothesized that certain proteins encoded by temperature-responsive genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) contribute to the remarkable metabolic shifts observed in this tissue, thus prompting a differential mRNA expression analysis to identify candidates involved in this process in mouse BAT. An mRNA species corresponding to a novel partial-length gene was found to be induced 2-3-fold above the control following cold exposure (4 degrees C), and repressed approximately 70% by warm acclimation (33 degrees C, 3 weeks) compared with controls (22 degrees C). The gene displayed robust BAT expression (i.e. approximately 7-100-fold higher than other tissues in controls). The full-length murine gene encodes a 594 amino acid ( approximately 67 kDa) open reading frame with significant homology to the human hypothetical acyl-CoA thioesterase KIAA0707. Based on cold-inducibility of the gene and the presence of two acyl-CoA thioesterase domains, we termed the protein brown-fat-inducible thioesterase (BFIT). Subsequent analyses and cloning efforts revealed the presence of a novel splice variant in humans (termed hBFIT2), encoding the orthologue to the murine BAT gene. BFIT was mapped to syntenic regions of chromosomes 1 (human) and 4 (mouse) associated with body fatness and diet-induced obesity, potentially linking a deficit of BFIT activity with exacerbation of these traits. Consistent with this notion, BFIT mRNA was significantly higher ( approximately 1.6-2-fold) in the BAT of obesity-resistant compared with obesity-prone mice fed a high-fat diet, and was 2.5-fold higher in controls compared with ob/ob mice. Its strong, cold-inducible BAT expression in mice suggests that BFIT supports the transition of this tissue towards increased metabolic activity, probably through alteration of intracellular fatty acyl-CoA concentration.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
The Novel After Theory by Judith Ryan (review)

regional frame, but the book's argument is most compelling when it adds dimensions of race and class, religious identification, and sexual orientation to that configuration, offering up a more nuanced discussion of the complex path of the southern intellectual. The reading of Tim McLaurin's working-class background, for instance, is especially effective in this regard. On the balance, Powell's interpretations are consistently crisp, her subjects well chosen and thoroughly contextualized; she is a fluid writer and her attitudes about the role of the intellectual are honest and perceptive. If the book doesn't necessarily reshape our thinking about the region at large, it does work as a rich, occasionally bracing, account of the tensions and textures of intellectual life in the South, and it belongs in any collection committed to its subjects.

Field of study: Art
Korea, the United States, and the Global Marketplace

ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS ill the Republic of Korea (South Korea) that have occurred in recent decades have been profound and remarkable, making it one of the most vibrant and thriving democracies in Asia. At the same time, it has become a regional as well as global economic powerhouse. But although Korea is in the midst of perhaps its most fundamental economic adjustment in modern times, it is also taking on the key characteristics of the most advanced industrial economies. This process is inevitably raising the same sort of criticism faced by the United States. Korea's extraordinary economic development, especially over the past half-century, has been based heavily on the growth of manufacturing centered on the chaebol. However, Korea is now witnessing much of its traditional manufacturing activity moving to lower-cost areas, notably China. That development should be viewed as neither

Field of study: Economics