nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical variation within the Coast Plutonic Complex of British Columbia between lat 53° and 55°N

Approximately 130 samples of plutonic rocks were collected from two sections across the Coast Plutonic Complex of British Columbia, between lat 53° and 55°N. Major-element oxide (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ΣFe 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, Na 2 O, K 2 O, P 2 O 5 ) and trace-element (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba) contents of the samples were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Chemical and mineralogical variation within the plutons of the complex suggest that they may have formed by differentiation of magmas comprising a mixture of crystals and liquid. The data also suggest that these magmas formed from a source material of tonalitic or quartz dioritic bulk composition, probably the Central Gneiss Complex, by equilibrium fusion. Statistical analysis of the raw chemical data reveals systematic increases in K 2 O, Rb, and Ba contents and decreases in CaO, Na 2 O, Mn, and Sr contents from west to east across the complex. The patterns of variation are not identical in the northern and southern sections, and analysis of the variance between the two populations confirms that chemical differences exist between them. Statistical analysis of the data normalized to 60% SiO 2 shows that there are systematic decreases in MgO and Na 2 O and an increase in P 2 O 5 contents from west to east across the pluton. Differences in chemical composition and in the patterns of spatial chemical variation between the northern and southern sections across the complex and between raw and normalized data are interpreted as resulting largely from differential uplift and erosion of the plutons. Variations in composition of the source material and/or in the physical conditions of fusion are also significant.

Field of study: Geology
Investigation of n-values of composite superconductors

Knowledge of the voltage-current characteristics of composite superconductors is very important for the development of superconducting high-field magnets, especially NMR magnets. These curves are characterized by the n-values and were systematically investigated for NbTi, (NbX)/sub 3/Sn with additional components, X, and BSSCO-2223 composite superconductors by the standard four-point measurement technique. The influence on n-values of coating the NbTi filaments with Nb as well as the dependence of n-values on the internal structure of composite NbTi and (NbX)/sub 3/Sn superconductors will be presented. The n-values of Nb/sub 3/Sn are discussed under the aspect of the heat treatment parameters reaction time and reaction temperature. The n-values of various BSCCO-2223 superconductors will also be compared.

Field of study: Physics
Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Mn-SOD Gene from the Plantlets of a Wild Banana in Qishan Mountain of Fuzhou(Musa spp., AB Group)

The young leaves of in vitro plantlets of a wild banan(Musa spp., AB group)grown in Qishan Mountain of Fuzhou were used as the materials to clone Mn-SOD gene by RT-PCR and RACE technology. The full-length c DNA sequence was 831 bp, containing 137 bp 5′ UTR, 543 bp open reading frame, encoding 181 amino acids, 151 bp 3′ UTR, and 3′-end involved 17 poly(A)tails. The prediction of protein's physical and chemical properties showed it belonged to a basic protein with 20 108.8 u and p I7.92.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Spatial and temporal variations of trace metals in bottom sediments of Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan.

New data on trace metal distribution in bottom sediments of Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan) are presented. Much higher concentrations were detected near the most likely anthropogenic sources of trace metal inputs (waste water discharges from Vladivostok and Nakhodka, and the Vladivostok coastal landfill). Sediments in these contaminated areas were up to 700 ppm in Zn, 530 ppm in Pb, 7 ppm in Cd and 3 ppm in Hg. River runoff is of minor importance as a metal source in the investigated areas. The spatial distribution of trace metals outside the areas directly influenced by sewage discharges is regulated by natural processes such as sediment sorting by grain size. Based on radiometric dating of sediment cores, increases in the trace metal content of bottom sediments near Vladivostok begun in approximately 1945.

Field of study: Environmental science
Ring Signatures: Stronger Definitions, and Constructions without Random Oracles

Ring signatures, first introduced by Rivest, Shamir, and Tauman, enable a user to sign a message so that a ring of possible signers (of which the user is a member) is identified, without revealing exactly which member of that ring actually generated the signature. In contrast to group signatures, ring signatures are completely “ad-hoc” and do not require any central authority or coordination among the various users (indeed, users do not even need to be aware of each other); furthermore, ring signature schemes grant users fine-grained control over the level of anonymity associated with any particular signature. 
 
This paper has two main areas of focus. First, we examine previous definitions of security for ring signature schemes and suggest that most of these prior definitions are too weak, in the sense that they do not take into account certain realistic attacks. We propose new definitions of anonymity and unforgeability which address these threats, and then give separation results proving that our new notions are strictly stronger than previous ones. Next, we show two constructions of ring signature schemes in the standard model: one based on generic assumptions which satisfies our strongest definitions of security, and a second, more efficient scheme achieving weaker security guarantees and more limited functionality. These are the first constructions of ring signature schemes that do not rely on random oracles or ideal ciphers.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Irreducible Characters for the Symmetric Groups and Kostka Matrices

In an earlier paper  it was shown that the Frobenius compound characters for the symmetric groups are related to the irreducible characters by a linear relation that involves a unitriagular coupling matrix that gives the Frobenius characters in terms of linear combinations of the irreducible characters. It is desirable to invert this relationship since we have formulas for the Frobenius characters and want the values for the irreducible characters. This inversion is straightforward and yields both the irreducible characters but also the coupling matrix that turns out to be the Kostka matrix in the original direction. We show that if the Frobenius monomial identity is applied a modification of it, equation (22), produces a monomial formula that produces the Kostka matrix inverse without involving the characters of either type. However it is a formidable task to execute this procedure for symmetric groups of even modest order. Alternatively the inversion by means of the unitriangular coupling matrix produces the Kostka matrix and the irreducible characters simultaneously and with much less effort than required for the monomial approach. Moreover there is a surprise.

Field of study: Mathematics
Production of murine monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig leukocytes and immunohistochemistry of guinea pig skin exposed to Schistosoma mansoni.

Using histochemical ATPase-staining of the guinea pig epidermal sheet, we have demonstrated remarkable accumulations of ATPase-positive cells after exposure to attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. To characterize further the cells accumulating in the skin after exposure to S. mansoni, we produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to guinea pig leukocytes. These were immunohistochemically classified into 15 types and included MAb to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and Class II molecules, shared antigens of all lymph node cells or between lymph node cells and Langerhans' cells (LC), T cells and macrophages (M phi), and M phi including the large Tingible body M phi in the secondary follicle. Varied MAb to M phi, including commercially available MAb (MR-1), were negative with ATPase- and MHC Class II-positive cells accumulated in the skin exposed to S. mansoni. Three MAb (HUSM-30 and 46, and commercially available MSgp2) detected an identical staining profile of accumulated cells with epidermal LC, but two MAb (HUSM-12 and 42) positively stained accumulated cells but not resident LC. These results indicate that the cells accumulated in the guinea pig skin within a few days after exposure to attenuated cercariae of S. mansoni are closest to LC, not to Mø, and may be blood-borne LC/dendritic cells.

Field of study: Biology
The theory of hindered molecular motion and its application to spectroscopic studies

A stochastic theory of the classical local hindered motion of small molecules in molecular and ionic crystals is presented in detail. The so-called extended angular jump model, being intermediate between the rotational diffusion model and the model of fixed angular jumps, approximates the motion. In spite of the fact that dynamical quantities of the model do not relate to the hydrodynamic parameters of the continuous medium, the outcomes of the theory are suitable for molecular liquids. Two crystallographic point symmetries, the symmetry of the molecular motion and the site symmetry, including their distortions, are taken into account in the model. Applications of the theory to the description of NMR-relaxation rates and the homogeneous broadening of spectral lines excited by dielectric, infrared, Raman, Rayleigh and neutron spectroscopy techniques are given. The validity of the approach presented is confirmed by the experimental data performed in single crystalline and powder samples.

Field of study: Materials science
Psychophysiological activation, reactivity, and recovery in Type A and Type B scorers when in a stressful laboratory situation.

21 university students participated in a study to assess intergroup differences in psychophysiological activation, reactivity, and recovery. Findings support the hypothesis that 12 Type A scorers showed a greater activation and reactivity than the 9 Type B scorers. Type A scorers needed more time to recover normal psychophysiological levels than Type B scorers. We propose that the "fast activation-slow recovery" profile is characteristic of Type A scorers. The "fast activation-fast recovery" profile is characteristic of Type B-scoring college students.

Field of study: Psychology
Application of Multisim 10 in the Teaching of Electric Circuit and Electronics

Introduces some examples by the way of Multisim 10 to show the application in Electric Circuit and Electronics.Discusses the application of software Multisim 10 in teaching and studying of Electric Circuit and Electronics.It can not only help the students to understand how circuit works and grasp the methods to design and measure the circuit,but also to promote their interest to autonomous study.It is useful to the training of creative talents.Practice has proved that the software has a positive effect on teaching reformation of the Electric Circuit and Electronics.

Field of study: Computer science
Should the treatment of schizophrenia include old antipsychotic drugs?

Clozapine, although not suitable as a first-line drug, is superior to all other antipsychotics in terms of minimizing positive symptoms, reducing side effects, and treating treatment-resistant patients. There is little evidence that other newer drugs share these benefits. For certain patients it is not difficult to justify, on clinical grounds, the additional cost of prescribing clozapine. The case for prescribing one of the other newer drugs in preference to a traditional antipsychotic is often less clear-cut. Traditional antipsychotics clearly still have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia and they remain the authors’ preferred choice of first-line therapy.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Decreased MiR-200a/141 Suppress Cell Migration and Proliferation by Targeting PTEN in Hirschsprung's Disease

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a genetic disorder of neural crest development. In this study, we investigated whether and how miR-200a and miR-141, belonging to miR-200 family, were involved in the pathogenesis of HSCR.  Quantitative real time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the levels of miRNA, mRNAs, and proteins in colon tissues from 88 HSCR patients and 75 controls. The direct regulation of specific mRNA by miRNAs was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA interference in cell lines. Transwell assays, CCK8 assay, and flow cytometry were inplemented to measure viability and activities of human 293T and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively.  Aberrant suppression of miR-200a was observed in colon tissues of HSCR patients. A decreased level of miR-200a and miR-141 correlated with increased levels of PTEN mRNA and protein. The Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-200a and miR-141 binded directly to 3'UTR of PTEN and resulting in the inhibition of PTEN. The reductions in miR-200a and miR-141 inhibited migration and proliferation of 293T and SH-SY5Y cells through up-regulating the expression of PTEN. Moreover, knocking-down of PTEN rescued the extent of suppressed cell migration and proliferation induced by miR-200a and miR-141.  The miR-200 family may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HSCR by co-regulating PTEN.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
ODONTODACTYLUS HAWAIIENSIS MANNING,1967 (STAMATOPODA, GONODACTYLIDAE) EN AGUAS CHILENAS

RESUMEN Se identifica y registra, por primera vez, la especie Odontodactylus hawaiiensis Manning, 1967 en aguas oceanicas chilenas, extendiendose su distribucion geografica desde el Archipielago Hawaiiano (islas Maui, Molokai y Hawaii) hasta los alrededores de la isla Salas y Gomez

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
GDR Isospin Splitting and Photoproton Reactions on Isotopes of Tin

Photonuclear reactions on a natural mixture of tin isotopes are studied by means of gamma activation. The experiment is performed using the bremsstrahlung γ-beam of an RTM55 racetrack microtron with a maximum electron energy of 55.6 MeV. The measured yields of photoproton and photoneutron reactions are compared to results from other experimental studies, and to calculations using the TALYS code and the combined model of photonucleon reactions (CMPR).

Field of study: Physics
A pad roughness model for the analysis of lubrication in the chemical mechanical polishing of a silicon wafer

The slurry flow beneath the wafer in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), involving the chemical reaction and the lubrication, is critical to the planarity and surface quality of a large-sized silicon wafer. In order to analyse the effects of pad roughness and some important operating parameters on the slurry flow with the suspended abrasives between the wafer and the pad, a complicated three-dimensional model based on the micropolar fluid theory, Brinkman equations and Darcy's law is developed. The effects of pad roughness and vital parameters on the slurry flow between the pad and the wafer are well discussed.

Field of study: Materials science
Designing a Mixed Carpool Mechanism on the Online Cab Service

In this paper, we proposed a mixed carpool strategy via social interaction mechanism in the online cab service market. Considering other two individual strategies on cab service, we made a comparison to examined under which conditions existed, the mixed carpool strategy dominated the others. We emphasized the impact of two crucial factors, information heterogeneity between informed and less-informed passengers as well as information exchange insufficiency, on the cabdriver’s earning. Finally, we made a suggestion to the ISPs which exerted themselves in the online cab service.

Field of study: Engineering
A Genetic Algorithm with Fuzzy Logic Controller for Design of Communication Networks

In this paper, we develop a network-based genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller (flc-NBGA) to the design of computer communication networks under reliability constraint, which is a well-known NP-hard problem. A new encoding based on Prufer numbers, two-point crossover and local search operator as a mutation have been used in flc-NBGA. The algorithm results are compared to optimum results found by branch and bound (B&B), GA based on binary representation (SGA) and NBGA without fuzzy logic controller (NBGA) on a suite of test problems.

Field of study: Computer science
Suppression of immune responsiveness: sex differences in prenatal ethanol effects.

Exposure to ethanol in utero results in changes in the offspring's developing immune system, including thymus lymphocyte subpopulation shifts and functional lymphocyte changes that persist in adult animals. The present study was designed to define further the extent of changes in the immune system that result from fetal ethanol exposure and to compare effects in male and female offspring. In adulthood, male and female offspring from Sprague-Dawley dams fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet (alcohol, A), an isocaloric liquid control diet (pair-fed, PF), or laboratory chow and water (control, C) during pregnancy were tested for several measures of immune competency. Prenatal ethanol exposure differentially affected male and female offspring. Fetal ethanol-exposed males exhibited a decrease in thymocyte number as well as a decreased splenic lymphocyte proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), with a concomitant decrease in recoverable blast cells, when compared with PF and C males. Further, the defect in T-cell proliferation of A males was not due to an inability to produce the critical growth factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), but to an inability of lymphoblasts to utilize exogenous IL-2. Fetal ethanol-exposed females showed some suggestion of lower thymocyte counts and decreased splenic T-cell proliferative responses to Con A compared to PF and C females. For most of the immune measures, however, no significant differences occurred among A, PF, and C females. In utero ethanol exposure did not significantly alter spleen cell counts or IL-2 production, splenic B-cell proliferation to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or thymocyte response to IL-2 in animals of either sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Field of study: Medicine
Distribution of C-816T/T-754C locus in the GPR54 gene in different cattle breeds and their association with precocity

The GPR54 gene is an important candidate gene for bovine early maturity characters. Forty-two Anhui local cattles(AL), 44 Simmental cattles(ST), and 116 hybrid cattles(HC) from the breeding group of AL×ST were selected. The distribution of C-816T/T-754 C locus in GPR54 and their association with the precocity trait were analyzed in different cattle breeds. All DNA samples were extracted from the ear tissue or blood. SNP loci in target fragments were identified by sequencing the PCR products. The effects of the SNP loci on the promoter efficiency were validated using a dual luciferase report gene. The results showed that two SNP loci, T-754 C and C-816 T, in 5' regulatory region of the GPR54 gene were detected. The genotypes of ST and AL were CCTT and TTCC, respectively, with linkage disequilibrium using the haplotype analysis. The efficiency difference between two haplotype promoters was significant in which the efficiency of-816CT-754 promoter increased 34.31% than that of-816TC-754 promoter(P0.01). A correlation analysis showed that cattle puberty of the 816CC754 TT genotype was 1.28 months earlier than that of the 816TT754 CC genotype(P0.01).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
ATM Mutations Benefit Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Acting on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in bladder cancer (BC). However, only some patients respond to ICIs. DNA repair defects (DDR) play an important role in the therapeutic response of bladder cancer. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between ICIs in bladder cancer and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a core component of the DNA repair system. From a collected immunotherapy cohort (n = 210) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Bladder cancer cohort, which were both retrieved from publicly available resources, we performed a series of analyses to evaluate the prognostic value and potential mechanism of ATM in bladder cancer immunotherapy. We found that ATM-mutant (ATM-MT) bladder cancer patients derived greater benefit from ICIs [overall survival (OS), hazard ratio (HR) = 0.28, [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16 to 0.51], P = 0.007] and showed a higher mutation load (P < 0.05) and immunogenicity (P < 0.05) than ATM-wild-type (ATM-WT) patients. The immune inflammatory response to antigenic stimulation, the regulation of the IFN pathway and the macrophage activation pathway were significantly enriched in the ATM-MT group (NES > 1, P < 0.05), while insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathways and vasculogenesis were significantly downregulated (NES < −1, P < 0.05). ATM mutation significantly upregulated the number of DNA damage repair pathway gene mutations (P < 0.05). ATM mutations resulted in increased bladder cancer sensitivity to 29 drugs (P < 0.05), including cisplatin and BMS-536924, an IGF-1R inhibitor. Our results demonstrate the importance of ATM as a prognostic signature in bladder cancer and reveal that ATM may impact the effects of ICIs by acting on the tumor immune microenvironment.

Field of study: Biology
REFERENCE SECTION FOR THE MAJEAU LAKE FORMATION

A cored section in the Imperial Westlock No. 14–24 well (Lsd. 14, Sec.24, Tp.59, Rge.26, W.4th Meridian) in northeastern Alberta is proposed as a type reference section for the Majeau Lake Formation, and it is proposed that Texaco McColl Majeau No. 1 (Lsd. 12, Sec. 1, Tp. 57, Rge. 3, W. 5th Meridian) be formally adopted as the type section well. The formation is 216 ft thick in the reference well. The conodont fauna suggests that the Majeau Lake Formation lies within the middle Polygnathus asymmetrica (to Iα) Zone of the German Devonian standard section.

Field of study: Environmental science
TBT contamination of an artisanal subsistence fishery in Suva harbour, Fiji

The intertidal zone around the Suva Peninsula, Fiji, supports separate finfish and invertebrate subsistence fisheries. This important source of fresh marine food for many low-income families around metropolitan Suva is under threat from foreshore reclamation projects and from anthropogenic biochemical pollution. Damage to or loss of this invertebrate intertidal fishery would remove a significant area where urban dwellers can pursue this traditional (non-cash) means of seafood acquisition. In 1996, Suva Peninsula was considered for the development of a marina, hotel, aquarium, roads, walls, and other structures. There is also increasing evidence of a serious anthropogenic TBT (tributyltin) pollution threat to the local invertebrate fishery. Although this substance is well known to have ecologically deleterious effects, its use is unregulated in Fiji. The inputs are likely to be large commercial vessels, and in particular the shipyards around the west side of Suva Harbour, where TBT antifouling coatings are both applied and removed, the old paint debris being allowed to wash into the harbour. Inputs from small boats are probably less important as there are relatively few (

Field of study: Environmental science