nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissection of the viewing motives and viewing behaviors of the audience of sports TV channels

By means of in-depth interview,the author studied the sports channel selecting motives and viewing be-haviors of the audience,primarily probed into how the audience initiatively select a sports channel by filtering TV programs via the selection of such options as functional need,medium projection,program preference and audience threshold when viewing TV programs,and revealed that the awareness of channel selection,the intervention of me-dium domain and the construction of self-image have produced a tremendous influence on the behavioral character-istics and cultural characteristics of the audience at selecting a sports channel.

Field of study: Education
Magnitude of Immediate Reward in Partially Delayed Reward: Effects on Acquisition and Extinction

30 rats were trained in a runway for 16 days at 5 trials a day. During acquisition (10 days) Ss were trained on an irregular 50% partially delayed reward schedule. The duration of delay was 30 sec. and 2 pellets of reward were given on all delayed trials. The magnitude of immediate reward was varied over three levels (2, 10, 24 pellets) as a between-groups factor. Although the larger rewards developed somewhat faster acquisition speeds than the small reward the results did not reach statistical reliability. During extinction, however, the larger magnitudes of reward significantly increased resistance to extinction. These results were discussed in terms of aftereffects, frustration, and dissonance theories of extinction.

Field of study: Psychology
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Quasi-cw CO2 laser emitting rectangular radiation pulses

A description is given of a simple electric-discharge CO2 laser with a constant output power of 5 kW during a pulse of 0.5–2 msec duration. An analysis is made of possible applications of this laser in physical and technological investigations of the interaction of laser radiation with matter, as well as in studies and optimization of cw electric-discharge CO2 lasers.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Weighted averaging fusion for multi-view skeletal data and its application in action recognition

Existing studies in skeleton-based action recognition mainly utilise skeletal data taken from a single camera. Since the quality of skeletal tracking of a single camera is noisy and unreliable, however, combining data from multiple cameras can improve the tracking quality and hence increase the recognition accuracy. In this study, the authors propose a method called weighted averaging fusion which merges skeletal data of two or more camera views. The method first evaluates the reliability of a set of corresponding joints based on their distances to the centroid, then computes the weighted average of selected joints, that is, each joint is weighted by the overall reliability of the camera reporting the joint. Such obtained, fused skeletal data are used as the input to the action recognition step. Experiments using various frame-level features and testing schemes show that more than 10% improvement can be achieved in the action recognition accuracy using these fused skeletal data as compared with the single-view case.

Field of study: Computer science
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program Regarding Knowledge of Drug Abuse Among Students

Substance abuse among school students is a major and serious health issue. The most alarming fact is that the age for taking substance abuse is progressively falling. There is a paucity of literature on the effectiveness of existing interventions or awareness program to reduce the drug use among students in underdeveloped countries. It would be vital to examine the knowledge of students regarding drug abuse and should administer health education on the awareness and health hazards to prevent and control drug abuse.  Aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge of drug abuse among school students.  A quasi-experimental study was chosen, one group pre and post-test design was used. Simple random sampling technique was used. The sample size was 100 high school students with mean age of 17.63 years. Data were collected by administering a knowledge questionnaire before and after the health education programme.  The result showed that the school students, in general, having some knowledge regarding drug abuse in the pre-test and the mean knowledge score was 28.92. There was a marked gain in knowledge in post-test score that was 41.19. It indicates a significant improvement in students’ knowledge.  S tudy shows that knowledge of drug abuse and behavior of the students can be changed by educational interventions.

Field of study: Education
COUPLED CHANNEL STUDY OF K+Λ PHOTOPRODUCTION

A coupled channel model with $\gamma N$, $KY$ and $\pi N$ channels has been used to analyze the recent data of $\gamma p \to K^+ \Lambda$. The non-resonant interactions within the subspace $KY \oplus \pi N$ are derived from effective Lagrangians using a unitary transformation method. The direct photoproduction reaction is obtained from a chiral constituent quark model with $SU(6)\otimes O(3)$ breaking. Missing baryon resonances issues are briefly discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Synthesis of phenoxatellurine derivatives

The reaction of dimedon enol acetate with tellurium tetrachloride gives derivatives of octahydrophenoxatellurine. The reaction of cyclohexanone enol acetate and methyl ethyl ketone with tellurium tetrachloride or aryltellurium trichloride gives the respective organotellurium trichloride and diorganotellurium dichloride.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effect of Heat Treatment on Erosive Properties of Ni-Ti Coating Prepared by Arc Spraying

Ni-Ti coating was fabricated on 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel substrate by arc spraying protected in argon atmosphere,then,different heat treatment processes were conducted.The erosive resistance of Ni-Ti coating after heat treatment was evaluated by erosion experiment tester.The microstructure and erosion surface morphology of the coating were characterized by SEM;the phase composition of the coating was analyzed by XRD;the micro-hardness values of the Ni-Ti coating were measured.The results indicate that: clear link between erosive properties and microhardness of Ni-Ti coating can't be confirmed;the phase composition,microstructure,interlayer bonding force and the superelasticity property of NiTi(B2) play an important role in erosion resistance of Ni-Ti coating;more pores and crack appear significantly after high temperature heat treatment(1050℃),the erosion-resistance of the coating decreases.

Field of study: Materials science
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait

This study was designed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of group B streptococcus(GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) and to use the information for formulating appropriate intrapartum antibiotic policy for GBS carriage in pregnancy.  A total of 1,166 clinical isolates (single isolates) of GBS obtained from vaginal/rectal samples of pregnant mothers seen at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait were studied over a period of 43 months between May 1998 and December 2001. The isolates were identified by standard methods and their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, clindamycin and erythromycin was determined by disk diffusion technique, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the Vitek automated sensitivity card system and E-test methods.  All the GBS isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and cephalothin. Only 0.7 and 1.7% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Disk diffusion results interpreted by the standard interpretative criteria recommended by the National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards correlated well with Vitek results as well as the E-test for penicillin. The MIC of penicillin against all isolates ranged between 0.016 and 0.064 µg/ml. For the 6 months of 1998 and throughout 1999, the percentages of isolates susceptible at MICs of 0.016, 0.023, 0.032, 0.047 and 0.064 µg/ml were 6.5, 9.9, 31, 38.8 and 12%, respectively. The trend was similar in the subsequent years except that the percentage of isolates susceptible at MIC of 0.064 µg/ml increased to 26.6% in 2000, but went down to 4.4% in 2001.  The trend in susceptibility of GBS to a variety of often used antibiotics for therapy and prophylaxis remained unchanged over nearly a 4-year period. The apparent increase in the number of isolates susceptible at higher MIC values of penicillin (0.047 and 0.064 µg/ml) in 2000 appears to be a bleb that cannot be explained by any event in the hospital for that year. Our data, based on susceptibility profiles, supports the use of penicillin or ampicillin for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis to prevent early-onset neonatal GBS infections.

Field of study: Medicine
Diagnostics for quasi-likelihood nonlinear models

Quasi-likelihood nonlinear models (QLNMs) are an extension of generalized linear model and include a widen class of models as special cases. This article investigates some diagnostic methods in QLNMs. An equivalency between a case-deletion model and a mean-shift outlier model in QLNM is established. Two simulation study and a real dataset are used to illustrate the proposed diagnostic methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Grass Establishment by Bandoleers, Transplants, and Germinated Seeds

Anew plastic bandoleer for growing and transplanting grass and the new practice of planting germinated grass seeds suspended in gel were tested in 5 field studies. Grass plants grown and transplanted in plastic bandoleers produced significantly greater numbers of plants and larger forage production than conventional seeding. The plastic bandoleer may make a totally mechanized planting system possible. Seeds that were germinated before planting in a furrow produced more plants and forage than seeds conventionally planted. Both transplanting and planting of germinated seeds may substantially improve the success of grass establishment efforts.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Utility of a Y-configured stentriever technique as a rescue method of thrombectomy for an intractable rooted thrombus located on the middle cerebral artery bifurcation: technical note.

Mechanical thrombectomy with stentriever and/or aspiration is the new gold standard for the treatment of acute strokes with large-vessel occlusion. As many as 20% of cases remain refractory to current stentriever and/or aspiration devices. "Saddle clots" obstructing a bifurcation may be a particular challenge for recanalization with conventional techniques and devices. The authors describe an alternative technique to bifurcation occlusions resistant to the conventional mechanical thrombectomy approach in which they simultaneously deployed 2 stentrievers into both branches of an occluded bifurcation. This stentriever Y-configuration was very effective in managing a challenging intracranial bifurcation occlusion.

Field of study: Medicine
Experimental study of charge generation mechanisms in power MOSFETs due to energetic particle impact,

Even though low voltage MOSFETs are fairly intrinsically robust to SEB, the high current pulses that arise in certain charge generating mechanisms may lead to circuit malfunction. In this work, for the first time, the current pulses induced by ion impacts in new generation commercial power MOSFETs are characterized by a statistical analysis. This approach allows us to evidence the existence, in these devices, of two different charge generation mechanisms. Furthermore, the capability to easily quantify these phenomena provides useful information for the design of circuits using these MOSFETs. The pulse shape and the total charge generated by the impact of an energetic ion are studied in relation to the energy and species of the ion and the applied voltage between drain and source.

Field of study: Engineering
Partitioning of Thaumarchaeota populations along environmental gradients in high mountain lakes.

We investigated the spatial distribution and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) across gradients of pH, trophic status and altitude in a set of high mountain lakes (Limnological Observatory of the Pyrenees, north-east Spain). Both phylogeny- and taxonomy-based approaches revealed well-defined AOA community patterns with pH as the main potential driving environmental factor. The I.1a and SAGMGC-1 Thaumarchaeota clusters, and their potentially associated amoA gene variants (clusters Fresh 5 and Soil/Fresh 1, respectively) showed highest relative abundances in the most oligotrophic lakes. Euryarchaeota (i.e. HV-Fresh cluster, Methanomicrobiales and Thermoplasmatales) dominated in lakes with higher trophic status. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) in Pyrenean lakes was 1.5- to 2.3-fold higher than the PD from an equivalent number of globally distributed marine and soil sites. We observed segregated distributions for SAGMGC-1, preferentially distributed in the lakes with the lowest pH (< 5) and the highest nitrite concentration (> 0.12 μm), and I.1a in lakes with lower nitrite and dissolved organic carbon concentrations below 0.5 mg L(-1) . Overall, these results showed strong selection by local environmental conditions, unveiled new ecological niches for freshwater SAGMGC-1 in low pH oligotrophic lakes, and suggested specific and successful adaptations of planktonic archaea to the high mountain lakes landscape.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Application of the theory of ego depletion in the sports area.

The authors applied the theory of ego depletion to the sports psychology area, expatiated on the affecting factors of ego depletion in the sports area as well as how to prevent depletion from bringing negative effects to athletes. Specifically, during a game, an athlete's decision making process and interference that affects his/her game playing rhythm will force him/her to produce ego depletion, while the exercising of attention directing and self control can help him/her carry out self control better. Based on this, athletes and coaches can get action specific inspirations.

Field of study: Education
Influence of morphology on the transport properties of crystalline polymers

The sorption and diffusion of penetrant of low molecular weight proceeds almost exclusively through the amorphous component of the semicrystalline polymer consisting of chain folds, tie molecules and free chain ends. Hence they depend on its transport properties and geometrical distribution which are both modified by mechanical and thermal treatment. The morphological changes induced by such treatment and the ensuing changes of transport properties cannot be described in a satisfactory manner by crystallinity and orientation. That is particularly true for drawn material with fibrous structure exhibiting a high anisotropy of diffusion and a drastic decrease of sorption and diffusion. Both effects are the consequence of the microfibrillar morphology with a large fraction of highly aligned taut tie molecules which by their closer packing eliminate many sorption sites, enormously reduce the diffusivity, and increase its concentration dependence and activation energy. The axial alternation of crystal blocks and amorphous layers making the microfibrils almost impermeable in the longitudinal direction produces the high anisotropy of diffusivity which may be reduced during plastic deformation of the fibrous structure by the increased number of interfibrillar tie molecules. Annealing relaxes the amorphous component by reducing the fraction of taut tie molecules, thus restoring the transport properties to values as observed in undrawn material. Another example of the overwhelming influence of morphology are the hard elastomers where the formation of a great many submicroscopical holes yields permeability increased by many orders of magnitude with no change in crystallinity and only modest increase of crystal orientation.

Field of study: Chemistry
Automatic assessment and analysis of beach attendance using video images at the Lido of Sète beach, France

Along Mediterranean coastlines, beach tourism represents one of the main economic resources of coastal regions. In the context of increase of coastal hazards, large management projects are currently undertaken and the evaluation of beach use is an important parameter coastal managers have to take into account in their strategies to reduce risk and maintain the recreational capacity of the beach. This contribution proposes an automatic tool to evaluate beach attendance and beach users behavior. After validating the results, an analysis of the beach attendance at the Lido of Sete Beach, on the French Mediterranean coast, is performed. Both temporal and spatial patterns are obtained and analyzed together with environmental, meteorological, social parameters of the site. Results indicate that beach attendance and beach user locations are mostly driven by meteorological conditions, while the density indicates that most of the beach users are locals or excursionists, rather than tourists. The results of the total beach attendance during the year 2012 clearly evidence an important increase of the frequentation since the large costal management project that was implemented during the last years. Given the large number of images and video available at many coastlines, the developed methodology and tool would be useful in many coastal management applications around the world.

Field of study: Environmental science
Pengaruh Kesiapan Mengajar Dan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) Terhadap Minat Menjadi Guru Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi FPIPS IKIP PGRI Bali Angkatan Tahun 2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara (1)Kesiapan mengajar terhadapminat menjadi guru, (2)Praktik pengalaman lapangan (PPL) terhadap minat menjadi guru, (3)Kesiapanmengajar dan praktik pengalaman lapangan (PPL) terhadap minat menjadi guru mahasiswa program studipendidikan ekonomi FPIPS IKIP PGRI Bali angkatan tahun 2014. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruhmahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi angkatan tahun 2014 yang berjumlah 50 orang. Teknik pengumpulan datamenggunakan kuesioner atau angket. Uji coba instrumen terdiri dari uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Ujicoba instrumen dilakukan pada 30 mahasiswa program studipendidikansejarah FPIPS IKIP PGRI Baliangkatantahun 2014 dengan 17 butir pernyataan valid dan reliabilitas sangat kuat untuk angket KesiapanMengajar, 18 butir pernyataan valid dan reliabilitas sangat kuat untuk angket Praktik PengalamanLapangan (PPL), dan 21 butir pernyataan valid dan reliabilitas sangat kuat untuk angket Minat MenjadiGuru. Hasil penelitian: 1)Ada pengaruh Kesiapan Mengajar terhadap Minat Menjadi Guru dengan rxy=0,592, rtabel= 0,2787 dengantaraf signifikansi 5%. 2)Ada pengaruh Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL)terhadap Minat Menjadi Guru dengan rxy= 0676, rtabel= 0,2787 dengan signifikansi 5%.  Mengajar dan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) terhadap Minat Menjadi Guru denganRy(1,2)=0,958, R2y(1,2)= 0,918, Fhitung= 263,489, Ftabel= 3,19 dengan signifikansi 5%

Field of study: Sociology
Reading Rio de Janeiro: Literature and Society in the Nineteenth Century

Why should wait for some days to get or receive the reading rio de janeiro literature and society in the nineteenth century book that you order? Why should you take it if you can get the faster one? You can find the same book that you order right here. This is it the book that you can receive directly after purchasing. This reading rio de janeiro literature and society in the nineteenth century is well known book in the world, of course many people will try to own it. Why don't you become the first? Still confused with the way?

Field of study: History
Performance evaluation indexes for quick-freezers

The idea of evaluating refrigeration equipment and the practical performance evaluation indexes of quick-freezers, namely energy utilisation efficiency, efficiency of airflow organisation, and uniform coefficient of airflow organisation, were suggested to compare the performances and to diagnose the existing problems for freezers. Based on the measurement, the performance evaluation indexes were applied to the performance analysis and the improvement for LSJ1500 spiral quick-freezer, the problem with LSJ1500 spiral quick-freezer was detected and the improved spiral quick-freezer LSJ1500A with the higher performance was achieved. It was proved that the suggested evaluation indexes are the effective tools in the food refrigeration industry.

Field of study: Engineering
State-of-the-art of beyond mean field theories with nuclear density functionals

We present an overview of beyond mean field theories (BMFT) based on the generator coordinate method (GCM) and the recovery of symmetries used in nuclear physics with effective forces. After a reminder of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory a discussion of the shortcomings of any mean field approximation (MFA) is presented. The recovery of the symmetries spontaneously broken in the HFB approach, in particular the angular momentum, is necessary, among others, to describe excited states and transitions. Particle number projection is needed to guarantee the right number of protons and neutrons. Furthermore a projection before the variation prevents the pairing collapse in the weak pairing regime. The lack of fluctuations around the average values of the MFA is a shortcoming of this approach. To build in correlations in BMFT one selects the relevant degrees of freedom: quadrupole, octupole and the pairing vibrations as well as the single particle ones. In the GCM the operators representing these degrees of freedom are used as coordinates to generate a collective subspace. The highly correlated GCM wave function is finally written as a linear combination of a projected basis of this space. The variation of the coefficients of the linear combination leads to the Hill-Wheeler equation. We discuss the classical beta and gamma vibrations by considering the quadrupole operators as coordinates. We present pairing fluctuations by considering the pairing gaps as generator coordinates. Lastly the explicit consideration of the time reversal symmetry breaking in the HFB wave function by the cranking procedure allows the alignment of nucleon pairs opening a new dimension in the BMFT calculations. Abundant calculations with the Gogny force illustrate the state-of-the-art of BMFTs with density functionals. We conclude with a thorough discussion on the potential poles of the theory.

Field of study: Physics
Dual Energy Analysis Using Phoswich Scintillation Detectors for Low-Level In-Vivo Counting

Electronics developed for a whole body counting system analyze the pulse heights of signals from both the sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and cesium iodide (CsI(Na)) crystals of a phoswich scintillation detector. Pulse shape discrimination is used to determine the origin of the scintillation, NaI or CsI, while rejecting coincident Compton-scattered events and photomultiplier tube noise. Both energy spectra are accumulated simultaneously in separate memory quadrants of a multichannel analyzer. The system allows for low-energy (5 keV - 125 keV) x-ray analysis from the NaI(Tl) crystal and high-energy (100 keV - 2.5 MeV) x-ray or ?-ray analysis from the CsI(Na) crystal. The discrimination system is better than 95% efficient over both energy ranges, with a low-energy (12-24keV) shielded background count of less than 2 cpm for a single 5-in.-diam phoswich detector. This system thus extends the detector's normal energy range by more than an order of magnitude.

Field of study: Physics