nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycles in cannibalistic egg-larval interactions

A model of a cannibalistic larval-egg interaction such as occurs in Tribolium is developed which leads to a system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations. I determine the local stability properties of the unique equilibrium point of the model. A Hopf bifurcation analysis shows that the model always undergoes a subcritical bifurcation when stability is lost. Numerical solutions confirm the presence of multiple attractors over a range of parameter values. The form of the cycles observed in the numerical solutions is analogous to that observed in laboratory populations of Tribolium.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
The feasibility of drying on jujube powder

Red jujube as raw materials,the effect of drying methods on nutrional and sensory quality were studied.The result indicated as follows:the jujube powder of vacuum-drying and microwave-drying method kept original color and flavor,low degree of browning and good taste.The product of air-drying processing had low Vc content,poor color and coke bitter.To consider the cost,microwave-drying had lowest cost,great economic benefit and high feasibility.But just from nutritional considerations,recommended vacuum low-temperature drying.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Metals in the sporulation phosphorelay: manganese binding by the response regulator Spo0F.

As a part of studies on the structural characterization of the components of the sporulation phosphorelay in Bacillus subtilis, the crystal structure of the manganese derivative of an intermediate signal transducer, Spo0F, has been elucidated at 2.25 A resolution. The calcium complex and the apo structures have been analyzed previously. In apo Spo0F, the active-site cation cavity is only partially formed and it only becomes completed upon metal coordination. The carbonyl of Lys56 is coordinated to the metal and interestingly the side chain of Lys56 exists in a variety of conformations in the three crystal structures of Spo0F. The affinity of the magnesium ion for Spo0F is in fact low; however, it binds Spo0F when it is in complex with Spo0B. It is proposed that the existence of a deep pocket which extends from the surface to the metal site could attract and direct the metal, thereby facilitating the metal binding of the complex.

Field of study: Chemistry
Visuals as a method of coastal environmental communication

This study explores the influence of visual imagery on individuals' perception of complex scientific information on coastal land loss. It investigates how mass media channels use visual frames to convey an environmental issue's outcomes and how these frames might influence perceptions of issue urgency and issue importance. The primary message frames explored in this study were gain/loss frames and temporal context. A content analysis was conducted to collect online images of coastal land loss in Louisiana and the potential message frames used to communicate this issue's outcomes to the public were identified for each image and coded. Focus group discussions were then used to evaluate the effectiveness of these message frames. Results suggest that visual cues can shape public understanding of coastal change and its risk to coastal communities. Particularly, images that refer to future environmental conditions (temporal context) are more likely to convey the urgency and importance of an issue. Images that emphasize environmental and economic losses may be more engaging to an audience, however these types of images may also reduce motivation to mitigate losses. Willingness to support environmental solutions appears to be a result of public's ability to visualize short-term goals and successes. Best practices for coastal managers to produce and deliver environmental imagery are discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science
Fast elliptic curve point multiplication based on window Non-Adjacent Form method

This article presents window Non-Adjacent Form (wNAF) of scalar representation method for developing algorithms of computing scalar multiplication in groups of points on an elliptic curve over finite fields. A new efficient wNAF-based algorithm has been presented. The algorithm was developed based on simple and composite operations with a point and also based on affine and Jacobi coordinates systems taking into account the latest achievements in computing cost reduction. The theorem concerning its computational complexity is formulated and proved for this new algorithm. In the end of this article, an efficiency analysis of the proposed algorithm depending on various parameters is presented, namely, the characteristic of the field over which the curve is defined, the scalar length and the window width of the precomputations and the coordinates of the precomputed points. A comparative analysis of the new algorithm and previously known efficient algorithm is also presented.

Field of study: Mathematics
Restoration of the world series of elephants and mastodons

Under the author’s direction the animal sculptor Mr. Charles R. Knight has been engaged during the past two years on a series of models of the elephants and mastodons to a uniform scale of 1½ inches to the foot, or a one-eighth scale. Three living and three extinct types have been completed, and the series will finally include the ancestral proboscidian stages as far back as Palaeomastodon, all to the same scale. The standards of shoulder height of the recent forms are taken from the well known records of Rowland Ward (1907), and the estimates of shoulder height of extinct forms are taken partly from actual skeletons, as in the case of the mastodon and woolly mammoth, and from fore-limb measurements in the case of the imperial mammoth. These heights in descending order are as follows:
 Imperial mammoth, Elephas imperator, 13 feet 6 inches, estimate of F. A. Lucas.African . . .

Field of study: Geology
Sex and Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Influence Pavlovian Conditioned Approach

Alcohol use among adolescents is widespread and a growing concern due to long-term behavioral deficits, including altered Pavlovian behavior, that potentially contribute to addiction vulnerability. We tested the hypothesis that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure alters Pavlovian behavior in males and females as measured by a shift from goal-tracking to sign-tracking. Additionally, we investigated GLT-1, an astrocytic glutamate transporter, as a potential contributor to a sign-tracking phenotype.



Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to AIE (5 g/kg, intragastric) or water intermittently 2 days on and 2 days off from postnatal day (P) 25 to 54. Around P70, animals began 20 daily sessions of Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA), where they learned that a cue predicted noncontingent reward delivery. Lever pressing indicated interaction with the cue, or sign-tracking, and receptacle entries indicated approach to the reward delivery location, or goal-tracking. To test for effects of AIE on nucleus accumbens (NAcc) excitatory signaling, we isolated membrane subfractions and measured protein levels of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 after animals completed behavior as a measure of glutamate homeostasis.



Females exhibited elevated sign-tracking compared to males with significantly more lever presses, faster latency to first lever press, and greater probability to lever press in a trial. AIE significantly increased lever pressing while blunting goal-tracking, as indicated by fewer cue-evoked receptacle entries, slower latency to receptacle entry, and lower probability to enter the receptacle in a trial. No significant sex-by-exposure interactions were observed in sign- or goal-tracking metrics. Moreover, we found no significant effects of sex or exposure on membrane GLT-1 expression in the NAcc.



Females exhibited enhanced sign-tracking compared to males, while AIE decreased goal-tracking compared to control exposure. Our findings support the hypothesis that adolescent binge ethanol can shift conditioned behavior from goal- to cue-directed in PCA, especially in females.

Field of study: Medicine
Pengaruh Geohistoris Pada Kerajaan Sriwijaya

Sriwijaya bukanlah kata asing bagi kita sebagai bangsa Indonesia. Karena kita pernah memilikinya sebagai sebuah negeri maritim terbesar dijamannya. Dengan armada laut yang kuat Sriwijaya menaklukkan berbagai wilayah stategis seperti Melayu sampai sebagian besar pulau Jawa

Field of study: Sociology
Nonlinear amplitude and frequency resonances in Raman gas laser radiation

A theoretical analysis is made of Raman lasing in a gaseous medium. It is shown that if certain constraints on the parameters of the amplifying and absorbing media inside the laser resonator are satisfied, nonlinear resonances appear in the lasing spectrum. Expressions are derived to describe the profiles of these resonances. The threshold condition for Raman lasing in a gas laser is also obtained.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
A new Miocene whale-fall community from Japan

Whale bones with associated molluscs have been found in a carbonate concretion in the late middle Miocene Nupinai Formation of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The concretion contains volcaniclastic grains, pyrite and authigenic carbonate and quartz cements. Pyrite also coats and occurs within bone fragments, which are corroded and partially bored. The whale bone associated molluscs are the bivalves Vesicomya kawadai (Aoki), Vesicomya sp., Calyptogena chitanii (Kanehara), Conchocele bisecta (Conrad) and Adipicola sp., and the gastropod Provanna ? sp. These species represent a whale-fall community in the sulphophilic ecological stage. The Nupinai Formation community shares genera and species with contemporary whale-fall and cold-seep assemblages, which suggests there was a regional pool of molluscs that could utilize both seeps and whale-falls in the NW Pacific during the Miocene. It is possible that during this time sedimentation rate had a control on species composition at contemporary whale-fall sites.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Enhancement of antigen expression on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by cell incubation.

Leukemic cells from blood and/or marrow specimens of 64 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were examined for the expression of the Ia-like antigen (Ia) or ALL cell-associated antigen (ALLA) employing indirect immunofluorescent techniques before and after overnight incubation (18 hours) at room temperature in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640. In 20 cases, the post-incubation cells showed an augmented intensity of the fluorescent stain and an increased (greater than 15%) percentage of the ALLA and/or Ia-bearing cells. Evaluation of cell viability after incubation and of non-specific staining in control preparations using normal rabbit serum in lieu of specific rabbit antiserum to ALLA or Ia excluded selective cell death and increased non-specific stain as causes of the observed increase in fluorescent cell staining. The enhanced antigen expression was observed in those samples in which antigens were detectable on only a small fraction of the leukemic cells. The results demonstrate the necessity of re-examination of leukemic cells for the presence of ALLA and Ia following overnight incubation especially in antigen negative cases.

Field of study: Biology
An Analysis of Female Lecturers' Participation In Civil Engineering Research And Development Activities At One Polytechnic In Zimbabwe

This study sought to explore female lecturers’ participation in civil engineering research and development activities at one polytechnic in Zimbabwe. Case study design was chosen for this study to make predictions, narration of events, comparisons and drawing of conclusions. The female lecturers were purposively sampled to participate in the study. For data triangulation purposes male lecturers from the same department were randomly selected to take part in the study. In data generation the researcher was the chief tool aided by questionnaire with open-ended items and personal interviews. The generated qualitative data was manually analyzed according to emerging themes. The findings of the study revealed that female lecturers’ participation in research and development activities is of paramount importance as it enables them to show case their innovative skills in civil engineering. It was further noted that the institution in its quest to involve female lecturers in civil engineering research and development activities some challenges such as low self-esteem, lack of confidence and inadequate support are encountered. In general it can be concluded that at the institution under study, to a larger extent female lecturers have managed to participate actively in civil engineering research and development activities, despite various challenges encountered during the process. Civil Engineering lecturers’ sensitization on the importance of females’ participation in research and development activities through the provision of adequate support is recommended.

Field of study: Education
Personalised-face neutralisation using best-matched face shape with a neutral-face database

Conventional personalised-face neutralisation methods use facial-expression databases; however, the database creation and maintenance is a tedious process, and should be minimised. Moreover, face-shape template should be also considerably used due to its crucial factor. This study proposes a personalised-face neutralisation method using best-matched face-shape template with neutral-face database. In personalised-face neutralisation, the best-matched face-shape template which is assumed as the most similar to the neutralisation expression face is found based on coarse-to-fine concept, and used for warping textures. Additionally, closed eyes are detected and opened up by using eye shape of the best-matched face shape, and mixed intensities of original closed-eye and the best-matched one. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, experiments were performed using the CMU Multi-PIE database and the results reveal that the proposed method reduces gradient mean square error 0.07% on average and improves face recognition accuracy by 1.13% approximately comparing with the conventional method, while requiring only a single neutral database without expression images.

Field of study: Computer science
Ageing of ZrO2-based solid electrolytes

An investigation has been carried out on the regularities of ageing of ZrO2-based solid electrolytes stabilized with Y2O3, Ho2O3, So2O3 of various concentrations in the single-and two-phase regions of the solid solution phase diagram. For electrolytes pertaining to the two-phase region of the phase diagram, time dependences of electrical conductivity adequately describing its variation in a wide-time interval are proposed. Causes of ageing in single-phase electrolytes are discussed. A noticeable contribution, which can be both positive and negative, to the ageing intensity by the change in elecelectrical conductivity of grain boundaries of polycrystalline solid electrolytes has been established. The effect of high ageing rate on the results of measurement of electrical conductivity of solid electrolytes is noted.

Field of study: Materials science
Bathymetric zonation of modern microborers in dead coral substrates from New Caledonia. Implications for paleodepth reconstructions in Holocene corals

Microboring endoliths were studied in dead modern corals collected at various depths and in growth position on La Surprise atoll in New Caledonia. Eight taxa of microborers were regularly observed: three cyanobacteria ( Hyella caespitosa , Mastigocoleus testarum , and Plectonema terebrans ), two chlorophytes ( Ostreobium quekettii and Phaeophila dendroides ) and three fungal forms ( Dodgella priscus , and two unidentified fungi). The relative abundance of each taxon was determined in the modern corals throughout the studied sampling interval (from 0 down to 40 m water depth). This allowed us to propose for the first time a bathymetric model based on microendolith assemblages colonizing in situ hard-substrates of corals. In this model, the occurrence of the cyanobacteria Hyella and Mastigocoleus indicates a bathymetric range from 0 down to a water depth of 3 and 6 m respectively. The chlorophyta O. quekettii , associated with the cyanobacterium P. terebrans and fungi, is dominant from 10 to 40 m depth, which is the lower limit of our sampling. The distribution ranges of individual taxa observed in the dead coral substrates from New Caledonia are much narrower than those reported in the literature for other substrates. The bathymetric model based on distribution of microborers in modern corals was then applied to interpret the trace assemblages of microborers observed in Holocene corals collected by drilling on two reef sites of New Caledonia : La Surprise islet, in the vicinity of the sampling sites of the modern corals, and the barrier reef of Bayes, on the NE coast of Grande Terre. The paleodepth interpretations performed at various levels along the cores allow identification of several shallowing-upward sequences during the last 7000 years of reef growth in New Caledonia. Differences in the thickness of these sequences between La Surprise and Bayes sites were interpreted as differences in the space available for accommodation between the two sites, in turn related to the differential subsidence that affected New Caledonia during Holocene times. The use of the microendolith trace assemblages in paleodepth reconstructions of Holocene reefs from New Caledonia allowed detection of relative sea level variations finer than those deduced from changes in coralgal assemblages.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Simultaneous and Successive Processes and K-ABC

The K-ABC has initiated but not completed the job of constructing a process-based test of cognitive competence. It does not measure sequential processes adequately, and its test items for simultaneous and sequential processes can be also characterized respectively as nonverbal and verbal. This article mentions six basic statements about sequential and simultaneous processes which are derived from Luria's clinical research; the K-ABC is then judged in terms of these statements. Finally, suggestions for constructing better tests which will entail planning as well as simultaneous and successive measures are discussed.

Field of study: Education
Statistical Models to Analyze Failure, Wear, Fatigue, and Degradation Data with Explanatory Variables

Failures of highly reliable units are rare. One way of obtaining a complementary reliability information is to do accelerated life testing (ALT), i.e., to use a higher level of experimental factors, hence to obtain failures quickly. Another way of obtaining complementary reliability information is to measure some parameters which characterize the aging or wear of the product in time. Statistical inference from ALT is possible if failure time regression models relating failure time distribution with external explanatory variables (covariates, stresses) influencing the reliability are well chosen. Statistical inference from failure time-degradation data with covariates needs even more complicated models relating failure time distribution not only with external but also with internal explanatory variables (degradation, wear) which explain the state of units before the failures. In the last case, models for degradation process distribution are needed, too. In this article, we discuss the most used failure time regression models used for analysis of failure time and failure time-degradation data with covariates.

Field of study: Mathematics
First Season of Operation of the TAIGA Hybrid Cherenkov Array

Work is currently under way in the Tunka Valley, 50 km from Lake Baikal, to create the TAIGA gamma observatory for studying gamma radiation and cosmic ray fluxes in the 10$^{13}$–10$^{18}$ eV range of energies. To detect gamma rays with energies above tens of TeV, a hybrid method of detecting showers is implemented. It is based on data obtained by the TAIGA Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) and the wide-angle TAIGA-HiSCORE array. The preliminary results from processing the telescope’s data for the low-energy region (>2–3 TeV) are presented. Joint events with energy more than 50 TeV are analyzed and compared to Monte Carlo calculations.

Field of study: Physics
New Attribute Reduction Method Based on Information Quantity in Incomplete Information System

Focusing on incomplete information system,a new method of attribute reduction based on information quantity is put forward.On one hand,this approach improves traditional tolerance relation calculation methods.On the other hand,a new method is present for calculating the core of attributes on the basis of tolerance relation,which can get core directly.So the method can lower time complexity greatly in the process of attribute reduction calculation.In conclusion a new information system based on incomplete information system about information quantity is designed and the analysis of the realistic example shows that the algorithm is accurate and effective.

Field of study: Computer science
Seasonal and spatial variations in microbial community structure and diversity in the acid stream draining across an ongoing surface mining site.

This study examined the microbial community in an acidic stream draining across the Yun-Fu pyrite mine (Guangdong, China), where extremely acidic mine water is a persistent feature due to the intensive surface mining activities. Analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that microbial populations varied spatially and seasonally and correlated with geochemical and physical conditions. After the stream moves from underground to the surface, the microbial community in the acidic water rapidly evolves into a distinct community close to that in the downstream storage pond. Comparisons of TRFLP peaks with sequenced clone libraries indicated that bacteria related to the recently isolated iron-oxidizer Ferrovum myxofaciens dominated the acidophilic community throughout the year except for the samples collected in spring from the storage pond, where Ferroplasma acidiphilum-like archaea represented the most abundant group. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-affiliated organisms increased along the acid stream and remained common over the year, whereas Leptospirillum ferrooxidans-like bacteria were negligible or even not detected in the analyzed samples. The data indicate that changes in environmental conditions are accompanied by significant shifts in community structure of the prokaryotic assemblages at this opencast mining site.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science