nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of illite clay for in situ remediation of 137Cs-contaminated water bodies: field demonstration of reduced biological uptake.

We hypothesized that adding micaceous minerals to 137Cs-contaminated aquatic systems would serve as an effective in situ remediation technique by sequestering the contaminant and reducing its bioavailability. Results from several laboratory studies are presented from which an effective amendment material was chosen for a replicated field study. The field study was conducted over a 2-year period and incorporated 16 3.3-m diameter column-plots (limnocorrals) that were randomly placed in a 137Cs-contaminated pond. The limnocorrals received three rates of amendment treatments to their water surfaces. The amendment material was a commercially available mineral with high sorption (Kd > 9000 L kg(-1)) and low desorption (<20%) characteristics for cesium, even in the presence of high concentrations of the competing cation, NH4+. In the treated limnocorrals, 137Cs concentrations were reduced some 25-30-fold in the water, 4-5-fold in aquatic plants, and 2-3-fold in fish. The addition of the amendment did not adversely affect water chemistry, although increased turbidity and subsequent siltation did alter the aquatic macroinvertebrate insect community. This in situ technology provides a valuable, less-environmentally intrusive alternative to costly ex situ technologies that require the contaminated sediment to be excavated prior to treatment, or excavated and disposed of elsewhere.

Field of study: Environmental science
Park Marina Area Concept Plan: Riverfront Revitalization in Redding, CA

Through a community outreach effort and in a true learn-by-doing fashion, in winter 2005 CRP s Graduate Planning Project Lab developed a concept plan for the revitalization of an important riverfront area in Redding, CA. Their vision and proposals were successful in responding to all stakeholders expectations, and received full support from the local community. The design process included an innovative on-line survey which guaranteed significant inputs from the community. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/focus This Faculty and Student Work is brought to you for free and open access by the City and Regional Planning at DigitalCommons@CalPoly. It has been accepted for inclusion in Focus by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CalPoly. For more information, please contact mwyngard@calpoly.edu. Recommended Citation Nicholas, Sean and del Rio, Vicente (2006) "Park Marina Area Concept Plan: Riverfront Revitalization in Redding, CA,"

Field of study: Medicine
A comment on chiral restoration at finite baryon density in hyperspherical unit cells

Prompted by recent work of Adhikari, Cohen, Ayyagari and Strother "On chiral symmetry restoration at finite density in large-N_c QCD" 2011)), we revisit the description of dense baryonic matter in terms of hyperspherical unit cells. We focus mainly on the interpretation of the unique energy, curvature and symmetry properties which enable such S^3 cells to describe full chiral restoration in Skyrme models and which markedly distinguish them from the flat and periodic unit cells of Skyrmion crystals. These key features clarify, in particular, why an S^3 cell interpretation as a crystal-cell model in which the specific cell geometry is without physical significance, as tentatively adopted by Adhikari et al., is insufficient. The ensuing criticism does therefore not apply to the usual interpretation of S^3 cells which we describe. We also suggest a few directions in which the latter interpretation may be developed further.

Field of study: Physics
The electrolytic properties of LaYO3 and LaAlO3 doped with alkaline-earth oxides

The electrolytic properties of two perovskite oxides, LaYO3 and LaAlO3, doped with alkaline-earth cations have been studied. Conductivity measurements show that doped-LaYO3 is a p-type semiconductor at high oxygen partial pressures, but becomes a pure oxide-ion conductor at low oxygen partial pressures. EMF measurements of oxygen concentrations cells confirm that both doped LaAlO3 and doped LaYO3 are pure oxide-ion conductors at low oxygen pressures.

Field of study: Materials science
A Combinatorial Central Limit Theorem

Let (Y n1,…,Y nn be a random vector which takes on the n! permutations of (1,…, n) with equal probabilities. Let c n(i,j), i,j = 1, …, n, be n real numbers. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic normality of 
 
$$ S_n = \sum\limits_{i - 1}^n {c_n \left( {i,Y_{ni} } \right)} $$ 
 
are given (Theorem 3). For the special case c n(i,j) = a n(i)b n(j) a stronger version of a theorem of Wald, Wolfowitz and Noether is obtained (Theorem 4). A condition of Noether is simplified (Theorem 1).

Field of study: Mathematics
Reliability of selected procedures of stress inversion and data separation for inhomogeneous populations of calcite twins and striated faults: insights from numerical experiments

In the course of numerical experiments selected algorithms for stress tensor inversion and separation of heterogeneous populations of calcite twins and striated faults were tested. Artificial data sets were created in a manner simulating natural processes. They were composed of data, dynamically compatible with one or two stress tensors and chaotic “noise” imitating natural imperfections. For calcite twins the classical inversion procedure is considered valid, with restrictions regarding a high proportion of chaotic data, when shape ratio of the stress tensor Φ is poorly constrained. The algorithm of Etchecopar (1984 fide Tourneret and Laurent in Tectonophysics 180:287–302, 1990) devised originally for calcite twins has been modified and applied to fault/slip data, facilitating a rejection of incompatible outliers. Two main classes of data separation procedures were tested: separation contemporary with inversion and separation prior to inversion, utilising hierarchical clustering. The separation contemporary with inversion performs moderately but often fails with complex calcite twin sets. The performance of hierarchical clustering is high, but only with a σ1 orientation as a similarity criterion—the new strategy introduced in this contribution. For fault/slip data the hierarchical clustering with the right-dihedra construction as the similarity criterion (Nemcok et al. 1999) is satisfactory. Additionally, a new approach is proposed for fault/slip data, utilising principles of the classical algorithm for heterogeneous populations of calcite twins. Validated algorithms for striated faults were successfully applied to a natural data set from the Holy Cross Mts (central Poland).

Field of study: Environmental science
تاثير تدريبات ((CROSS FIT في بعض القدرات البدنية لدى ممارسات تدريبات اللياقة البدنية للاعمار (25 – 35) سنة

تكمن مشكلة البحث التي تحدد في ان التدريبات المتبعة في معظم قاعات اللياقة البدنية تعتمد وبشكل كبير على مقدار أداء الفرد للتمرينات المعطاة له دون الاهتمام بعنصر المنافسة والذي يعد عنصرا رئيسا في تدريبات (CROSS FIT) الذي يوفر حافزا مهما للاستمرارية في الاداء وبالتالي العمل على تطوير مستوى اللياقة البدنية للمتدربات في الصالات الرياضية، كأساس للعملية التدريبية، يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على تاثير تدريبات الكروس فت في بعض القدرات البدنية لدى ممارسات تدريبات اللياقة البدنية للاعمار (25-35) سنة. 
لقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث وعده أفضل وسيلة لحل مشكلة البحث التي خلالها يمكن تحقيق أهدافه، وتم تطبيق مفردات البحث علي عينة البحث البالغ عددهن (16) ممارسة، وقد تم تقسم عينة البحث الى مجموعتين بطريقة القرعة، المجموعة التجريبية الاولى (مجموعة الكروس فت)، والمجموعة الضابطة (مجموعة الايروبك)، إذ تكون افراد كل مجموعة من (8) متدربات أما الفصل الرابع تضمن عرض النتائج ومناقشتها، اما الفصل الخامس: توصل الباحثان إلى العديد من الاستنتاجات وكان أهمها أثرت تدريبات (CROSS FIT) المعده من الباحثان في تنمية بعض (القدرات البدنية) لدى للمتدربات في الصالات الرياضية.

Field of study: Education
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease: A Preliminary Report

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common genetic hemoglobin disorder, affects more than 70,000 Americans, primarily those of African and Mediterranean descent. SCD, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia; recurrent, episodic painful episodes; vaso-occlusive complications affecting multiple organ systems; and increased risk of infections, is associated with a shortened life span for affected individuals. However, recent medical advances have significantly increased survivability and quality of life for individuals with SCD. Despite these advances, adolescents with SCD continue to face many challenges of living with a chronic condition that requires lifelong medical management that may place them at risk of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Studies focusing on children and adolescents with SCD suggest greater risks for psychosocial difficulties and depressive and anxiety symptoms. This article describes findings from a structured psychiatric interview administered to 40 adolescents and their parents. The rates of reported psychiatric diagnosis were significantly higher than those reported for the general population. Awareness of risks for psychiatric disorders in SCD could lead to increased identification and interventions that may improve medical and psychiatric outcomes.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Viscosity of a two-dimensional Fermi liquid

Shear viscosity of a two-dimensional Fermi liquid is found to be a nonanalytic function of temperature. In contrast to the quasiparticle lifetime that is determined by the forward-scattering processes, the main contribution to the viscosity arises from the quasiparticle scattering in the Cooper channel. The viscosity is enhanced by the logarithmic singularity of the vertex part. This singular behavior can manifest itself in the two-dimensional electron transport, and in the momentum relaxation of fermions in atomic traps.

Field of study: Physics
Improving the ESD performance of input protection circuits in retrograde well and STI structures

We investigate the current transport characteristics of input protection devices using LOCOS and STI structures in the retrograde well. We show that the carriers flow through the concave well doping region between the field and well doping areas in the retrograde well. In the STI structure, the current path in the substrate is restricted to the region adjacent to the STI boundary.

Field of study: Engineering
Direct analysis of molybdenum target generated x-ray spectra with a portable device.

In routine applications, information about the photon flux of x-ray tubes is obtained from exposure measurements and cataloged spectra. This approach relies mainly on the assumption that the real spectrum is correctly approximated by the cataloged one, once the main characteristics of the tube such as voltage, target material, anode angle, and filters are taken account of. In practice, all this information is not always available. Moreover, x-ray tubes with the same characteristics may have different spectra. We describe an apparatus that should be useful for quality control in hospitals and for characterizing new radiographic systems. The apparatus analyzes the spectrum generated by an x-ray mammographic unit. It is based on a commercial CZT produced by AMPTEK Inc. and a set of tungsten collimator disks. The electronics of the CZT are modified so as to obtain a faster response. The signal is digitized using an analog to digital converter with a sampling frequency of up to 20 MHz. The whole signal produced by the x-ray tube is acquired and analyzed off-line in order to accurately recognize pile-up events and reconstruct the emitted spectrum. The energy resolution has been determined using a calibrated x-ray source. Spectra were validated by comparison of the HVL measured using an ionization chamber.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
A Little About Folklore

Comment on paper by P.W. Anderson is presented. This Anderson's work is shown to contain a number of inaccurate and ungrounded statements. We point out, in particular, that the total static dielectric function not only can be negative, but inevitably has a minus sign in many stable systems. We also demonstrate that in many metals, the effective electron-phonon interaction is stronger than the direct Coulomb repulsion, without taking into account the ladder-sum renormalization or pseudization of the Coulomb repulsion. Other issues touched in Anderson's paper are also discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Problems of Orthopedically Impaired Students in Relation to their Gender, Achievement and Locality

Orthopedically children are isolated from our society. They face many problems in their daily life. Due to continuous ignorance they become frustrate and some time hostile to the society. With using a sample of 100 orthopedically impaired children an attempt has made to identify the different social problems of these children in respect to their gender, achievement and locality. Result shows that gender plays no vital role on the social problems but female impaired children have more problem than male. High achiever student have less social problems in comparison to their counterparts. Locality has no significant effect on social problems but rural children have much more problem in comparison to urban children and this is due to unawareness and ignorance. 
 DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n2p249

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Application of fractional order theory of thermoelasticity to a 2D problem for a half-space

A 2D half space problem for the new fractional order theory of thermoelasticity.Laplace and exponential Fourier transform techniques are used.The inverse transforms are obtained using a numerical technique.Predictions of the theory are discussed and compared with older theory. In this work, we apply the fractional order theory of thermoelasticity to a 2D problem for a half-space. The surface of the half-space is taken to be traction free and is subject to heating. There are no body forces or heat sources affecting the medium. Laplace and exponential Fourier transform techniques are used to solve the problem. The inverse Laplace transforms are obtained using a numerical technique.The predictions of the theory are discussed and compared with those for the generalized theory of thermoelasticity. We also study the effect of the fractional derivative parameter on the behavior of the solution. Numerical results are computed and represented graphically for the temperature, displacement and stress distributions.

Field of study: Mathematics
Arthritis Patients' Reactions to Unavoidable Social Comparisons

Seventy-two women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were randomly assigned to view a depiction of a woman having either very mild or very severe RA and coping either quite weal or quite poorly with the illness. Subjects rated the woman's arthritis severity, her coping with RA, their own arthritis severity, and their own coping with RA. These ratings provided an indirect assessment of how subjects evaluated themselves relative to the stimulus woman. In addition, subjects compared their RA severity and coping directly with the stimulus woman's. In the direct comparisons, subjects who saw the good coper did not acknowledge her coping superiority, despite having done so on the indirect assessment. No effects were obtained for the severity condition. These findings suggest that individuals extract self-enhancing information from social comparisons, even when the comparison target and dimension are constrained and the target's status is superior

Field of study: Psychology
Chlorine Geochemistry of Dacites in the Hishikari Gold Mining Area, Kyushu, Japan

The volcanism in the Hishikari Au mining area, southern Kyushu, Japan, is characterized by continued bimodal mode (andesite and dacite). The mineralization stage overlaps with the dacite eruptions. The magma erupted these dacites (especially Kurozonsan Dacites) are characterized by high fO2, high Cl content, rather low crystallization temperature and emplacement at shallow depth. The features are similar to those of I type granitic rocks associated with mineralization. In such high fO2 and Cl rich magma, S should form an oxidized species such as SO2, and Cl should bind with Au to form AuCl2. In the country rock, the accretionary Shimanto Supergroup, the AuCl2 discharged from magma becomes unstable with decreasing fO2 and temperature. As the Shimanto Supergroup has abundant organic matter, the oxidized S species from magma is converted to H2S and/or HS-. The Au decomposed from AuCl2 would react with HSto form Au(HS)2. The Au(HS)2 would be transported upward through the thick Shimanto Supergroup. Near the surface, the mixing with oxic groundwater, as well as cooling and boiling, decomposes the Au(HS)2. Hence, the conversion from chloro-complex to bisulfide-complex might play an important role in forming the large reserve, the high grade and the high precious/base metal ratio of the Hishikari epithermal gold deposits. 2011年 8月 29日受付,同年 9月 26日受理 * IHI検査計測、研究開発事業部 (Research Development Division, IHI Inspection and Instrumentation Co., Ltd.) **鹿児島大学フロンテイアサイエンス研究推進センター (Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University) Keyword: Hishikari epithermal gold deposits, Dacite, Chloro-complex, Bi-sulfide complex, Reduction and oxidation of ore fluid

Field of study: Geology
Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions via cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide inhibitor

Cetyl trimethyl ammoniumbromide (CTAB) has been studied as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.1 and 0.5 M HCl solutions using weight loss, polarization and electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy techniques (EIS). The results showed increasing the inhibition efficiency with increasing CTAB concentrations and decreasing with increasing the temperature. CTAB adsorption on the steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that CTAB acted as a cathodic inhibitor. This supported by the impedance measurements which illustrated changing in charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance, indicating adsorption of CTAB on the surface. The calculated parameters proved that the adsorption mechanism is physisorption and chemisorptions.

Field of study: Materials science
Paleoclimatic implications of the presence of Clyomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) in the Pleistocene of central Argentina

The presence of the Echimyidae Eumysopinae Clyomys in Ensenadan (Early-Middle Pleistocene) sediments cropping out northeast of Mar del Plata and south of Necochea (costal region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina) is reported. This is the first citation of Clyomys in Argentina and the first post-Pliocene record of echymids at this latitude. These remains represent a species closely related to the extant representatives of the genus, which live at least 1600 km north of the new localities. These fossils suggest that a southward expansion of the Brazilian fauna occurred during a warm and humid pulse in the Pleistocene.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Homolytic replacement of a hydrogen atom in 2-methylquinoline by A 1,3-dioxolanyl residue

The reaction of 1,3-dioxolane with sulfuric-acid-protonated 2-methylquinoline initiated by the ROOH + Fe2+ system [where R = H, (CH3)3C, or C6H5C(CH3)2] at 5–10 °C in water forms 4-(1,3-dioxacyclopent-2-yl)-2-methylquinoline and 4-(1,3-dioxacy-clopent-4-yl)-2-methylquinoline. The selectivity of the formation of the first reaction product increases on passing from hydrogen peroxide to cumyl and tert-butyl hydroperoxide and with an increase in the pH of the medium.

Field of study: Chemistry
Late Cretaceous eclogite in the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria): evidence for subduction under the Sredna Gora magmatic arc

The Rhodopes in Bulgaria and Greece represent a nappe stack of high-grade units with polymetamorphic history. Constraining the time of metamorphism in individual subunits is essential for unraveling the controversial framework of subduction, exhumation and nappe stacking. Here we present new evidence for Late Cretaceous high-pressure metamorphism in the Eastern Rhodopes. In eclogite from the Byala Reka–Kechros Dome (Kazak eclogite), garnet growth is dated at 81.6 ± 3.5 Ma by Lu–Hf chronometry, indicating that prograde eclogite-facies metamorphism occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Petrological data and modeling suggest peak-pressure conditions of 1.2–1.6 GPa, 570–620 °C. We propose that metamorphism took place in a subduction zone dipping towards north under the Sredna Gora section of the Apuseni–Banat–Timok–Sredna Gora continental magmatic arc. Eclogite-facies metamorphism coincides with the main phase of granitoid intrusions in the Sredna Gora Zone. The site of magmatic activity in this area shifted southward during the Late Cretaceous and arrived in the Eastern Rhodopes at ~ 69 Ma, as shown by granite intrusions of that age only 4 km north of the locality of the dated eclogite sample. This proximity may be explained by south-directed rollback of the subduction zone, although also post-69 Ma tectonic displacement has to be considered. Together with published age data from other parts of the Rhodopes, the new data confirm that multiple subduction events took place between ~ 200 and ~ 40 Ma along this section of the southern European plate boundary.

Field of study: Environmental science
Study on the immunogenicity of group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine

To investigate the immunogenicity of group A plus group C meningococeal glycoconjugate vaccine,namely dosage,immune memory and compatibility.  The mice were injected with group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine with different dosages. Blood samples were taken on the 14th day after the last injection for testing the antibodies against polysaccharide A and C. After the optimal immunization dosage had been decided,the mice were inoculated separately with the monovalent group A and the monovalent group C and the bivalent group A plus group C glycoconjugate vaccine with one,two or three injections for observation of the effectiveness of different injections and the compatibilities.  The dosage of 1.25 μg of each polysaccharide of group A and group C in bivalent glycoconjugate vaccine appears to be immunologically optimal to vaccinate the mice. Immunological memory could be induced in mice inoculated with the glycoconjugate vaccine,and the antigenic immunogenicity of the group A component and group C component in the formulation of group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine was not affected.  Group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine have good immunogenicity,immune memory and compatibility. 
 
 
Group A plus group C meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine; Immune dosage; Im

Field of study: Biology
Regard sur le passé, réflexion sur l’avenir: Conversation avec Paul Rainsberry

![Figure][1] 

Chers collegues,

Le 31 octobre 2013, le Dr Paul Rainsberry, notre directeur general associe et directeur de la Medecine familiale universitaire (MFU), quittera ses fonctions au CMFC apres plus de 38 ans de loyaux services. Il a aimablement accepte de nous donner ses

Field of study: Medicine
Return to the body–call of competitive sports

Technology plays an active role in building the cultural form of competitive sports.With the uplift of tool rationality and the loss of value rationality,technology has ever increasingly become an essential force of sports dissimilation.The arrogation of technology has brought a lot of dilemmas to the development of modern competitive sports.Return to the body is the call of competitive sports,also the fundamental way to dissolve dilemmas in current development.

Field of study: Education