nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Über den Parallelismus zwischen den Erscheinungen der Magnetostriktion und der magnetischen Hysteresis in Nickel

ZusammenfassungIn ein und demselben Nickeldraht von 0,5 mm Stärke werden Magnetostriktions- und Hysteresiserscheinungen in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Zugspannung bei verschiedenen Feldstärken untersucht. — Es ergibt sich dabei, daß die Striktions-kurven, als Funktion der Zugspannung dargestellt, in den Grenzen der Beobachtungsfehler denselben Gang haben wie die Hysteresiskurven. — Daraus wird der Schluß gezogen, daß in der Tat in Übereinstimmung mit der Behauptung von Mc Keehan und Buckley auch im reinen Metall die Striktions- und die Hysteresis-erscheinungen nahe miteinander verknüpft sind. — Zwischen Magnetostriktion einerseits und Magnetisierung, Remanenz und Koerzitivkraft andererseits besteht dagegen kein einfacher Parallelismus und zwar weder bei konstant gehaltener Feldstärke noch bei konstanter Zugspannung. — Ebenso haben die Hysteresis-kurven, als Funktion der Feldstärke dargestellt, einen ganz anderen Verlauf als die Striktionskurven.

Field of study: Physics
Shell model study of high spin states in theN=50 nucleus93Tc

High spin states in theN=50 nucleus93Tc were reinvestigated by using the reaction64Zn (35Cl,4p 2n) at a beam energy of 140 MeV. This was done particularly with a view to observe anyγ rays upto 2.7 MeV which may have been missed in our earlier study where the experimental conditions were set to observeγ rays upto 2 MeV. We found four newγ rays of energy: 2484, 2164, 2130 and 69 keV. We have placed theseγ rays in the level scheme and it now gets extended to 49/2−. Though there is no substantial change in the level scheme, placing theγ rays in the level scheme has resulted into two important conclusions: (1) We have performed shell model calculations for93Tc nucleus within a model space which encompasses an enlarged proton configuration and allows for the excitation of the neutron across theN=50 core. The excitation of a single neutron across theN=50 core satisfactorily explains the new level scheme. (2) The energy of the 17/2− isomeric state is now unambiguously placed at 2185 keV.

Field of study: Physics
Ana Vian Herrero.El indio dividido: Fracturas de conciencia en el Perú colonial; Edicion critica y estudio de losColoquios de la verdadde Pedro de Quiroga. Madrid: Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2009. 572 pp. index. bibl. $69.57. ISBN: 978–84–8489–393–6.


Field of study: History
Sevoflurane post-conditioning protects isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway

To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in sevoflurane post-conditioning induced cardioprotection in vitro.Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion (I/R). Sevoflurane post-conditioning was carried out by administration of O2-enriched gas mixture with 3% sevoflurane (SEVO) for 15 min from the onset of reperfusion. Cardiac functions, myocardial infarct size, myocardial ATP and NAD+ contents, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and anti-apototic and anti-oncosis protein levels were measured.Sevoflurane post-conditioning significantly improved the heart function, decreased infarct size and mitochondria damage, and increased myocardial ATP and NAD+ content in the I/R hearts. Furthermore, sevoflurane post-conditioning significantly increased the levels of p-ERK and p-p70S6K, decreased the levels of porimin, caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, and cytosolic cytochrome c in the I/R hearts. Co-administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (20 μmol/L) abolished the sevoflurane-induced protective effects against myocardial I/R.Conclusion:Sevoflurane post-conditioning protects isolated rat hearts against myocardial I/R injury and inhibits cell oncosis and apoptosis via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Effect of pH, ionic strength and univalent inorganic ions on the reconstitution of aspartate aminotransferase.

1. The effect of pH change on the reconstitution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), i.e. the reactivation of the apoenzyme with coenzyme (pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate), was studied in the pH range 4.2-8.9 by using three buffer systems at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1m. 2. Although the profile of the reconstitution rate-pH curve in the range pH5.2-6.8 (covered by sodium cacodylate-HCl buffer) reflects the influence of the H(+) concentration on the reconstitution process, the profile of the curve in the pH ranges 4.2-5.6 and 7.2-8.25 (covered respectively by sodium acetate-acetic acid and Tris-HCl buffers) appears to be influenced by the ionic strength of the buffer. 3. The reconstitution is also influenced by univalent inorganic ions such as halide ions and, to a lesser extent, alkali metal ions, which are known to alter the water structure.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
AVD® technology for deposition of next generation devices

One of the main challenges in semiconductor industry today is the problem that arises with the performance of Moore’s Law, doubling every 18 months. For instance, the device shrinking of CMOS based devices calls for new material candidates to replace conventional dielectrics and electrodes. Here, an advanced technology called Atomic Vapour Deposition (AVD®) is presented, which combines the MOCVD advantages of high throughput with atomic layer control and excellent material properties. The discussion is based on high-k oxides and conductive materials.

Field of study: Engineering
Hans Laubscher (1924–2015)

Geologische Vereinigung in recognition of his research on the kinematics and mass balancing of tectonic systems. Hans Laubscher was born on 11 January 1924, in Muttenz, near Basel. After attending the Classical Gymnasium in Basel, he enrolled at the University of Basel and obtained his PhD degree in Geology in 1947 at the age of 23. He then worked for 10 years with an oil company in the southern foreland of the Venezuelan Andes, first as junior field geologist, and then as a geophysicist and staff geologist combining, as he put it, “dirty geology with clean physics”. In 1958, he returned to the Geological Institute in Basel, obtained his Habilitation with a paper on neptunian sandstone dykes and—after a year as guest professor at the University of Illinois in Urbana—was appointed successor of Louis Vonderschmitt as the Head of the Institute in Basel. It was during Laubscher’s tenure from 1966 to 1989 that this institute gained international recognition, one might add, despite its relatively limited resources. Hans Laubscher was not intimidated by the complexities of mountain belts; early on in his career, he liked to unravel what he called “tectonic knots” that evolve from the interference of different orogenic systems. Already during his PhD work, he was intrigued by the folds, thrusts and strikeslip faults in the Caquerelle Zone of the central Jura Mountains. When he returned to Basel from South America, he began to study the Jura Mountains as a tectonic system. In the 1960s, long before balancing profiles became fashionable, he recognized that accurately balanced cross sections are necessary in order to understand the kinematics and mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts. Armed with only paper, scissors and thread (before the days of computers), he constrained shortening in the Jura Mountains by the curvimetric and volumetric analysis of the folds. His brilliant quantitative kinematic reconstruction confirmed Buxtorf’s idea of decollement of the sedimentary cover above a rigid Hans P. Laubscher, Professor emeritus of Geology at the University of Basel, passed away on 2 July 2015, in Riehen, Switzerland. A leading tectonician and one of the great Alpine geologists of our time, he spent his career combining careful fieldwork with deep insight into the theoretical and experimental aspects of tectonics. At the centre of his research was the analysis of tectonic systems, from small-scale folds to mountain belts and the global puzzle of lithospheric plates through geologic time. In 1993, Hans Laubscher received the Gustav Steinmann Medal of the

Field of study: Environmental science
The social class of Catholics in Scotland

The social status of people brought up as Catholics in Scotland, as measured by their occupational class, is analysed by using cross-sectional survey data gathered in 1997. The main finding is that Catholics have probably risen in social status to a greater extent than non-Catholics. The experience of Scottish Catholics seems to be distinctive, because no such patterns are found for England, and indeed in this respect Scottish Catholics more closely resemble members of non-Christian religions in England than they do English Catholics. The most likely explanation is the particular role which state-funded Catholic schools have played in Scotland, especially the system of comprehensive secondary schools that was set up after 1965. However, the analysis is suggestive rather than definitive and needs to be replicated on cohort data with larger sample sizes.

Field of study: Mathematics
Diane Haughney, Neoliberal Economics, Democratic Transition and Mapuche Demands for Rights in Chile (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2006), pp. x+310, $55.00, hb.

present, earlier writing on Bolivia and the Andes not only demonstrates indigenous peoples’ desire for citizenship, but also their active engagement with the state to create the conditions for the improvement of rights. Whilst serious problems of prejudice and racial ambivalence meant that these rights were often curtailed, indigenous peoples in Bolivia and elsewhere in the Andes have long thought and demonstrated themselves to be citizens. A close reading of existing literature on political reform, development and multiculturalism also suggests cause for scepticism about the dawning of the ‘postmulticultural ’ era. An over-emphasis on the multicultural reforms belies their connections to a series of much wider international economic and developmental policy initiatives aimed at reconstructing the state and economy. Seen in the light of these wider reforms, but perhaps also reflecting on the contrast between radical rhetoric and the reality of implemented social democratic and market-oriented policy, we might conclude that there is more continuity of neoliberal governance than rupture. Indigenous peoples can now be presidents, but few real signs so far exist in the past or present to suggest innovation in government, or more than genuine intent to move on from imported tried and tested ideas for the re-foundation of Bolivia’s political and cultural life.

Field of study: Political science
Several non-standard problems for the stationary Stokes system

This paper studies the Stokes system - Δ ⁢ 𝐮 + ∇ ⁡ ρ = 𝐟 {-\Delta{\mathbf{u}}+\nabla\rho={\mathbf{f}}} , ∇ ⋅ 𝐮 = χ {\nabla\cdot{\mathbf{u}}=\chi} in Ω with three boundary conditions: 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐮 = 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐠 , \displaystyle{\mathbf{n}}\cdot{\mathbf{u}}={{\mathbf{n}}\cdot\mathbf{g}}, 𝐧 × ( ∇ × 𝐮 ) = 𝐧 × 𝐡 \displaystyle{\mathbf{n}}\times(\nabla\times{\mathbf{u}})={\mathbf{n}}\times{% \mathbf{h}} on ⁢ ∂ ⁡ Ω , \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial\Omega, 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐮 = 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐠 , \displaystyle{\mathbf{n}}\cdot{\mathbf{u}}={\mathbf{n}}\cdot\mathbf{g}, 𝝉 ⋅ [ ∂ ⁡ 𝐮 ∂ ⁡ 𝐧 - ρ ⁢ 𝐧 + b ⁢ 𝐮 ] = 𝐡 ⋅ τ \displaystyle{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\cdot\bigg{[}\frac{\partial{\mathbf{u}}}{% \partial{\mathbf{n}}}-\rho{\mathbf{n}}+b{\mathbf{u}}\bigg{]}={\mathbf{h}}\cdot\tau on ⁢ ∂ ⁡ Ω , \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial\Omega, 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐮 = 𝐧 ⋅ 𝐠 , \displaystyle{\mathbf{n}}\cdot{\mathbf{u}}={{\mathbf{n}}\cdot\mathbf{g}}, [ T ⁢ ( 𝐮 , ρ ) ⁢ 𝐧 + b ⁢ 𝐮 ] ⋅ τ = 𝐡 ⋅ τ \displaystyle[T({\mathbf{u}},\rho){\mathbf{n}}+b{\mathbf{u}}]\cdot\tau={% \mathbf{h}}\cdot\tau on ⁢ ∂ ⁡ Ω . \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on }\partial\Omega. Here Ω is a bounded simply connected planar domain. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution in Sobolev spaces W s , q ⁢ ( Ω ; ℝ 2 ) × W s - 1 , q ⁢ ( Ω ) {W^{s,q}(\Omega;{\mathbb{R}}^{2})\times W^{s-1,q}(\Omega)} , with 1 + 1 / q < s < ∞ {1+1/q<s<\infty} , in Besov spaces B s q , r ⁢ ( Ω ; ℝ 2 ) × B s - 1 q , r ⁢ ( Ω ) {B_{s}^{q,r}(\Omega;{\mathbb{R}}^{2})\times B_{s-1}^{q,r}(\Omega)} , with 1 + 1 / q < s < ∞ {1+1/q<s<\infty} , and classical solutions in 𝒞 k , α ⁢ ( Ω ¯ , ℝ 2 ) × 𝒞 k - 1 , α ⁢ ( Ω ¯ ) {{\mathcal{C}}^{k,\alpha}(\overline{\Omega},{\mathbb{R}}^{2})\times{\mathcal{C% }}^{k-1,\alpha}(\overline{\Omega})} , with 0 < α < 1 {0<\alpha<1} , k ∈ ℕ {k\in{\mathbb{N}}} .

Field of study: Philosophy
[Cerebrovascular disease in women with systemic lupus erythematosus].

An analysis of frequency, structure and risk factors of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is presented. A study included 143 women (mean age 36.7±12.7 years) with confirmed systemic lupus erythematosus. Acute or chronic CVD was found almost in a half of cases. Among acute blood circulation disorders, there was a high frequency of brain ischemia with equal number of cases with transitory ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes. Chronic cerebrovascular disease was mostly represented by chronic brain ischemia. The basic (standard) and some specific (non-standard) risk factors of the development of cerebrovascular disease in women with SLE are revealed. Based on the features of a clinical course of SLE, we identified the correlations of acute blood circulation disorders with duration, course and activity of disease. The paper presents original methods of the mathematical prediction of the development of chronic brain ischemia in women with SLE without clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular pathology. The tactics of prophylactic medical examinations depending on the results of the prediction model was proposed. The authors present an approximate list of preventive measures based on the use of systems of individual prediction.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Differences in ozone retrieval in MIPAS channels A and AB: a spectroscopic issue

Discrepancies in ozone retrievals in MIPAS channels A (685–970 cm −1 ) and AB (1020–1170 cm −1 ) have been a long-standing problem in
MIPAS data analysis, amounting to an interchannel bias (AB–A) of up to 8 %
between ozone volume mixing ratios in the altitude range 30–40  km . We
discuss various candidate explanations, among them forward model and
retrieval algorithm errors, interchannel calibration inconsistencies and
spectroscopic data inconsistencies. We show that forward-modelling errors as
well as errors in the retrieval algorithm can be ruled out as an explanation
because the bias can be reproduced with an entirely independent retrieval
algorithm (GEOFIT), relying on a different forward radiative transfer model.
Instrumental and calibration issues can also be refuted as an explanation
because ozone retrievals based on balloon-borne measurements with a different
instrument (MIPAS-B) and an independent level-1 data processing scheme
produce a rather similar interchannel bias. Thus, spectroscopic
inconsistencies in the MIPAS database used for ozone retrieval are
practically the only reason left. To further investigate this issue, we
performed retrievals using additional spectroscopic databases. Various
versions of the HITRAN database generally produced rather similar channel
AB–A differences. Use of a different database, namely GEISA-2015, led to
similar results in channel AB, but to even higher ozone volume mixing ratios
for channel A retrievals, i.e. to a reversal of the bias. We show that the
differences in MIPAS channel A retrievals result from about 13 % lower
air-broadening coefficients of the strongest lines in the GEISA-2015
database. Since the errors in line intensity of the major lines used in MIPAS
channels A and AB are reported to be considerably lower than the observed
bias, we posit that a major part of the channel AB–A differences can be
attributed to inconsistent air-broadening coefficients as well. To
corroborate this assumption we show some clearly inconsistent air-broadening
coefficients in the HITRAN-2008 database. The interchannel bias in retrieved
ozone amounts can be reduced by increasing the air-broadening
coefficients of the lines in MIPAS channel AB in the HITRAN-2008 database by
6 %–8 %.

Field of study: Environmental science
Mutual exclusion versus coexistence for discrete competitive systems

Using discrete competition models where the density dependent growth functions are either all exponential or all rational, notwithstanding the complex interactions of the species, we establish an exclusion principle. Moreover, in a 2-species discrete competition model where the growth functions are exponential and rational, an example is given illustrating coexistence when our conditions are satisfied. We obtain an exclusion principle for this 2-species model for some choice of parameters.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Predictability and Timing of Self-Report in Learned Helplessness Experiments

An experiment is reported that attempted to assess the contribution of unpredictability to the learned helplessness effect. Contrary to learned helplessness theory, performance deficits resulted from exposure to uncontrollable events only when uncontrollability was also accompanied by unpredictability. Uncontrollable but predictable outcomes did not produce the effect. The experiment also demonstrated that the timing of self-report has an influence on expressed subjective confidence ratings, a finding of some significance in view of the methodology of human helplessness experiments.

Field of study: Psychology
How reliable are reliability tests?

Chiron Pte Ltd, Singapore 757720, Singapore. ESE bvba, B-2260 Westerlo, Belgium. Philips, NL-6534 AE Nijmegen, Netherlands. LUC IMO, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.Tielemans, L, Chiron Pte Ltd, 21 Woodlands Ind Pk E1 02-06, Singapore 757720, Singapore.

Field of study: Engineering
Enterprise architecture patterns for business process support analysis

The field of enterprise architectures lacks architecture patterns that would support analysis of a given enterprise architecture, comparison of different enterprise architecture solutions and provide guidelines for development of a target enterprise architecture based on the analysis of existing enterprise architecture. In this paper, we focus on business process support analysis using information derived from enterprise architecture description. We give a systematic overview of important aspects. We establish and formally define foundational enterprise architecture patterns for business process support analysis. They are implementation independent and enable more efficient qualitative architecture analysis of business process support, which is the basis for achieving more optimal business operation. We have defined the patterns using the standard enterprise architecture language - ArchiMate. They are formalized in a way that enables their implementation in enterprise architecture tools. This is an important characteristic that allows for efficient work by automatic detection of different, more or less suitable, architecture structures. We have derived the patterns based on real-world enterprise architecture descriptions and have used and verified them in enterprise architecture analysis and planning projects for four large organizations. The enterprise architecture analysis patterns address an important research issue in the field of enterprise architectures that has so far not been systematically researched.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
DESAFIOS PARA A PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE DIANTE DA INFLUÊNCIA DO MARKETING NO ESPORTE CONTEMPORÂNEO

The basic motivation of this essay comes from the need to understand some relationships that are established in the teaching environment of sports for kids, from the transformations of contemporary sport. Our goal is to discuss the challenges to the pedagogical practice and the role of the sport educator face of changes in the sport-spectacle and its interface with sports marketing. The methodology was based on literature search in order to substantiate a theoretical discussion and build a discussion around the existing tensions between sport pedagogy and sports marketing. We concluded that it is vital that sport educators, when teaching children, include this theme in classes and educational practices, bearing in mind the importance of this content to the consolidation of cognitive and moral references, thus seeking to stimulate a broader understanding of the social significance of sports.

Field of study: Education
Crystallization and X-ray analysis of a bacterial non-haem iron-containing phenylalanine hydroxylase from the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Monooxygenases are frequently involved in the pathways that mediate the pivotal role of microorganisms in recycling carbon from the environment. A structural study of a monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was identified as a phenylalanine hydroxylase has been initiated. The single-domain monomeric protein harbours a non-haem iron at the active site. The sequence identity to the catalytic domains of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases suggests that the enzyme is not restricted to the substrate phenylalanine alone. Here, the cloning, purification and crystallization of native and SeMet-labelled P. aeruginosa phenylalanine hydroxylase are reported. Crystals grew in space group P6(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 210.5, c = 100.7 A, and diffracted to a d spacing of 2.0 A. Crystals of SeMet-labelled protein were used to collect a three-wavelength multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) data set around the Se K edge.

Field of study: Chemistry
Nonlocal nucleon-nucleon interaction JISP

The J-matrix inverse scattering formalism is described and a new type of nucleon-nucleon interaction JISP is constructed within its framework. Interaction for each partial NN scattering is represented by a small matrix in the oscillator basis, which allows its direct use in multiparticle shell-model calculations and in calculations within the resonating group approximation. The JISP reproduces np scattering data and deuteron characteristics with an accuracy of modern realistic NN potentials (x2/datum = 1.05). The generalization of this interaction which takes into account violation of charge independence of nucleon-nucleon forces is proposed and pp scattering phases calculated with this new charge-dependent interaction CD-JISP are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
The Weight of the Metric: Performance Funding and the Retention of Historically Underserved Students

Performance funding policies allocate state appropriations to public institutions based in part on retention and completion outcomes, and equity metrics allocate additional funding for graduating historically underserved students. Through interviews of 52 college administrators and state policymakers, I explore campus responses to performance funding equity metrics at five 4-year institutions with varying missions in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Findings suggest that equity metrics prompted institutions to develop mentoring programs for students of color, increase faculty advising, and create more targeted scholarships for lower-income students. However, the policy led to higher admissions standards at one access-oriented institution, and efforts to recruit more academically qualified students at all institutions, indicative of actions unintended by the policy designers. These actions could lead to increased stratification, where underrepresented students are disproportionally enrolled at less selective colleges. Performance metrics to incentivize the retention of underrepresented students do not appear to fully mitigate institutional attempts to increase selectivity.

Field of study: Education