nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Explanation of Social Relation Based on University's Psycho-Social Climate, Psychological Wellbeing Components, and Emotional Intelligence.

This study was conducted to explain social relation based on psycho-social climate, psychological wellbeing components, and emotional intelligence among undergraduates of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduates of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Participants were randomly selected with a multi-stage method. Finally a total of two thousand (2000) respondents participated in the study. The selection cut across all various levels in each faculty. The age range of the respondents is between 16-27 years with mean age of 21.37 and standard deviation of 8.33. The respondents consist of 1021 (52.4%) males and 926 (47.6%) females. Four validated instruments were used for data collection. The multiple regression method and correlation coefficient was used to analysis data. The result has established that psychological wellbeing (control of self and events, happiness, social involvement, self-esteem, mental balance, sociability), emotional intelligence and psychosocial climate were significant in explaining undergraduates’ social relation. Also, It was found out that 18.6% of the total variance in students’ social relation is accounted for by the combination of psychological wellbeing components, emotional intelligence and psycho-social climate of the university. This study concluded that when individual’s sense about connection with a positive social context is ‘ideal’, he or she is more likely to exhibit appropriate social behaviours.  Psycho-social climate, psychological wellbeing components, emotional intelligence, undergraduates

Field of study: Education
The influence of ancient soil biota on the precipitation and distribution of pedogenic carbonate in paleosols of the Marília Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Brazil)

In arid and semi-arid climates, soil development is strongly influenced by seasonal patterns and biogenic activity, and often results in pervasive pedogenic horizons consisting of highly concentrated carbonate. In Brazil, such horizons enriched in calcium carbonate are common and relatively well-studied in paleosols of the Upper Cretaceous Marilia Formation. However, detailed analyses on the sequence of mineral precipitation phases and the role of organisms in these processes are still lacking. The present work describes eight argillic and calcic horizons characterized by different degrees of carbonate accumulation. Argillic horizons show translocation clay structures and weak to moderate cementation by calcium carbonate. Calcic horizons contain moderate to high carbonate accumulations ranging from powdery coatings to nodular masses of micrite. Carbonate distribution in these horizons is preserved largely as carbonate-cemented macropores produced by such ichnofossils as Planolites, Taenidium, Naktodemasis, Skolithos, Palaeophycus and calcareous rhizocretions. Moreover, stable isotope data, respired soil CO2 function, and cathodeluminescence (CL) of the paleosol samples were used to evaluate soil paleovegetation, paleoproductivity, and the distinctive stages of calcite precipitation. Stable isotopic analysis suggests that paleovegetation cover in the paleosols was predominantly C3-photosynthsizing plants. The relationship between bioturbation indices and soil respiration suggests a positive pattern of paleoproductivity controlled by higher moisture conditions and the increased activity of soil fauna. Finally, CL imaging shows that there were multiple stages of carbonate precipitation with both α-type and β-type fabrics that are interpreted as abiotic and biotic processes during pedogenesis.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Student Satisfaction and Learning Needs in Distant Education: Towards Lecturers’ Pedagogical Strategies and Attitude

Blended learning involves both traditional face to face classroom teaching and e-learning approach. To date, past research in Malaysia focused much on the effectiveness and acceptace of e-learning (Ndubisi, 2006); attitude towards e-MBA (Mahmod, Dahlan, Ramayah, Karia, Asaari, Muhammad & Abu Hassan, 2005) as well as factors affecting students’ willingness and commitment to use e-learning continuously (Ramayah, et. al.; 2010). However, the system can only be accepted by students when there are effective teaching strategies. Further, learning structure must be well-structured to enable students to persist and maintain their engagement in the e-learning environment. The present study has investigated student learning via the use of e-learning and face to face approaches. The major focus of this study was to examine the students’ experiences and their level of satisfaction via quantitative and qualitative methods. Using self constructed questionnaire, the satisfaction of student learning is determined by the lecturer’s teaching strategies and lecturer’s attitude or awareness towards the whole concept of distant learning itself. The samples of the quantitative study involved 400 students majoring in English Language, Counselling and Islamic Education at one of the faculties in a Public University in Malaysia which was analysed using Multiple regression analyses. The qualitative study focused on interviews related to students’ satisfaction based on Michael Moore’s Theory of Transactional Distance related to lecturer and learning management system (LMS). 
Findings from this study indicated satisfaction in learning at the University via blended mode of distant learning approach. However, some of the emerging themes from the interviews have further highlighted the issues and challenges in distant education. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p760

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Optical model and coupled-channel analysis of 60–90 mev deuteron scattering from24Mg and89Y

Angular distributions of deuterons scattered from24Mg and89Y in the angular range 12 °→100 ° have been measured atEd=60, 77 and 90 MeV. With some exceptions the elastic and inelastic data were found to be described consistently by the optical model approach and by coupled-channel analysis, respectively. Collective model features of24Mg are derived from the inelastic scattering results.

Field of study: Physics
Blood and Soil in Anne Michaels's Fugitive Pieces: The Pastoral in Holocaust Literature

Anne Michaels's Fugitive Pieces diverges from earlier literature of the Holocaust in its engagement with the pastoral tradition. While the pastoral had been appropriated by the Nazis as part of their Blood and Soil ideology, Michaels reclaims and revises the pastoral and its sister genre, the elegy. She creates a traumatic pastoral focused on geological cataclysm and redefines Blood and Soil through images of soil soaked with blood. Michaels allows an anthropomorphized nature to grieve, but by presenting images of infertility rather than fertility she refuses the traditional compensatory apparatus of the elegy.

Field of study: Art
STUDY OF CONCRETE FRACTURE PROCESS ZONE BASED ON FICTITIOUS CRACK MODEL

Based on the fictitious crack model,fracture process of concrete is studied in this paper.Taking the tensile fracture model for the center of an infinite plate for an example,and by expressing the opening displacement in fracture process zone in a polynomial,the distributions of displacement and cohesive stress in the fracture process zone are obtained.Furthermore,effects of the material parameters on different physical variables are analyzed,including the distribution of displacement and cohesive stress,length of fracture process zone and peak load.The results show that the stress and the displacement of the fracture process zone are both in nonlinear distributions.The length of fracture process zone gradually increases with the maximum aggregate size and decreases with the compressive strength.The peak load increases with both the maximum aggregate size and the compressive strength.

Field of study: Engineering
Multiple sclerosis: new techniques in earlier diagnosis.

Improved laboratory methods provide an objective means of evaluating the central nervous system, and give supporting evidence in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Measurement of gamma globulins and identification of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid are reliable indicators. Visual, auditory, and sensory evoked responses reveal a high instance of abnormalities in MS, and may establish the existence of asymptomatic lesions, providing additional evidence in early cases. The enhanced CT scan detects cerebral lesions consistent with the diagnosis. The laboratory methods are incorporated in the new classification and diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis.

Field of study: Medicine
Should Canada stay in the group of seven

Of course it should. This article asserts that G7 membership benefits Canada, and vice versa, and it outlines the overall contribution of the Summit to the process of global governance. The question of reducing or enlarging the Summit membership is also considered, with special emphasis on China and Russia as candidates for a new G8. The article concludes that the present G7 is important for the coordination of global policies, and that while reform is dearly required, changes in membership clearly are not.

Field of study: Political science
The Aden Pivot? British Counter-Insurgency after Aden

This article argues that the Aden Insurgency was a pivotal moment in the history of British counter-insurgency. We argue that it was in Aden where the newfound strength of human rights discourse, embodied in Amnesty International, and of anti-colonial sentiment, expressed by the UN General Assembly, forced the British government to pay attention to public perceptions of colonial brutality. Using archival sources, we foreground three episodes in the history of the insurgency to support our argument and to illustrate that the changes witnessed were not the result of ‘learning’ but of a fundamental shift in the international environment.

Field of study: History, Sociology
Research on Dynamic Recrystallization and Microstructures of Microalloyed Steels

The true stress and strain curves at different finishing temperatures are measured by gleeble-150 0 .The effects of finishing temperatures and quantities of microalloyed elements on dynamic recrystallization are researched primarily. The researched results indicate that dynamic recrystallization of deforming austenite being rolled can be prohibited significiantly by adding V and Ni. Therefore,trival and uniform microstructures can be obtained though finishing temperature is higher.

Field of study: Materials science
Scale-dependent spatial variability in peatland lead pollution in the southern Pennines, UK.

Increasingly, within-site and regional comparisons of peatland lead pollution have been undertaken using the inventory approach. The peatlands of the Peak District, southern Pennines, UK, have received significant atmospheric inputs of lead over the last few hundred years. A multi-core study at three peatland sites in the Peak District demonstrates significant within-site spatial variability in industrial lead pollution. Stochastic simulations reveal that 15 peat cores are required to calculate reliable lead inventories at the within-site and within-region scale for this highly polluted area of the southern Pennines. Within-site variability in lead pollution is dominant at the within-region scale. The study demonstrates that significant errors may be associated with peatland lead inventories at sites where only a single peat core has been used to calculate an inventory. Meaningful comparisons of lead inventories at the regional or global scale can only be made if the within-site variability of lead pollution has been quantified reliably.

Field of study: Environmental science
Phasing the domain of adverb licensing

It has often been claimed that adverbs are freely distributed within a sentence (Keyser (1968), Emonds (1976), Baltin (1982)). However, as pointed out by linguists such as Jackendoff (1972), Travis (1988), and Cinque (1999), the free distribution of adverbs is only apparent, that is, the distribution of adverbs is in fact fairly restricted, apart from some residual cases of free distribution. The purpose of this paper is to explain the distributional restriction and freedom of adverbs. We propose that the distribution of adverbs can be well-captured by a local condition on the adverb licensing based on the Phase Theory (Chomsky (1998, 1999)). Our analysis can explain the distribution of Class V and VI adverbs as well as other adverbs, which have not been given a deep research since Jackendoff (1972). The AspP phase was hypothesized to capture the distribution of Class VI adverbs. We provided an independent evidence for the AspP phase. The distributional difference between Class V adverbs and other adverbs is captured in the light of the complement-vs-adjunct distintion. We critically reviewed two different types of approaches to the adverb distribution in comparison to our analysis: adverbs as heads (Travis (1984)) and adverbs as specs (Laenzlinger (1993), Rijkhoek (1994), Alexiadou (1997), Cinque (1995, 1999)). We have shown that treating adverbs as heads or specs is not right in consideration of Relativized Minimality and several other points and that neither the head analysis nor the spec analysis can explain the whole range of adverb distribution data.

Field of study: Linguistics
The right to die: Its biomedical aspects

This article discussed the existence or non-existence of the right to die. Death has various facets, namely the biomedical, social, historical, moral and religious. Man has the right to live or not to be killed, but not the reciprocal right to die or to kill, although in borderline cases this is debatable. The right to die is executed by way of suicide and voluntary euthanasia. Suicide is committed due to hopelessness, shame or guilt feeling, terminal illness, loyalty to a dead person, and for political reasons. It can be performed by an individual, a pair (suicide pact), a family, a group or en masse. The medical profession should prevent all suicidal attempts and help the surviving victim, since it is its duty to prolong life and ameliorate suffering. Euthanasia is either positive or negative (not infrequently, and inaccurately, termed active or passive), voluntary or involuntary, direct or indirect, and by not implementing extraordinary or ordinary procedures in life saving. Reasons are put forward why euthanasia is condoned or condemned. The moral difference between the two forms of euthanasia are questioned by some serious ethicists. Conditions for negative euthanasia are presented if it is performed selectively, for which the demand is unfortunately real.  right to die-euthanasia-suicide-patient rights - bioethics

Field of study: Medicine
GTCLC: leaf classification method using multiple descriptors

The authors propose Geometric, texture and color based leaf classification, a novel leaf classification method using a combination of geometric, shape, texture and colour features that are extracted from the photographic image of leaves. This method combines features that complement each other to define the leaf. A new local binary pattern (LBP) variant, namely sorted uniform LBP (LBP P,R su2), is also proposed for leaf texture description. The experiments show that LBP P,R su2 has a higher accuracy in leaf texture classification compared with classical rotation invariant LBP variants. In addition, mean and deviation of hue channel International Commission on Illumination – lightness, chroma, hue colour models – are used to describe the colour tone of the leaf. The proposed feature descriptors require a classifier that can prioritise different features. In this study, linear discriminant classifier (LDC) is employed because of its prioritisation and generalisation abilities. The results show that the proposed combination of features classified with LDC outperforms all well-known leaf classification methods.

Field of study: Computer science
Phagocytic peripheral blood monocytes from rabbits and humans express membrane receptors specific for IgM molecules: evidence that incubation with neuraminidase exposes cryptic IgM (Fc) receptors.

: Phagocytic human and rabbit peripheral blood monocytes, identified by their ingestion of polystyrene particles, were investigated for the presence of surface membrane receptors for IgM molecules. After incubation of freshly isolated monocytes with IgM anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) preparations, a mean of 0.7% of human monocytes and a mean of 16.2% of rabbit monocytes formed rosettes with SRBC. However, if the monocytes were pre-incubated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN), these figures increased to 32.6% and 37.8% respectively. The specificity of rosette formation by VCN-treated monocytes was established in several experiments; SRBC sensitized with a F(ab')2 preparation of an IgG anti-SRBC reagent completely failed to rosette with VCN-treated monocytes, and inclusion of IgM, but not other Ig or non-Ig protein molecules in the test medium, inhibited rosette formation. Further, and most important, rosette formation by human monocytes was inhibited by F(c)5mu but not by Fabmi fragments. These findings indicate that both rabbit and human monocytes express IgM-class specific membrane receptors for IgM molecules, that these receptors may be cryptic or hidden but can be revealed by treatment with VCN and that the human monocyte IgM receptor is F(c) specific. Further, the rabbit monocyte IgM receptor was shown to be trypsin-resistant.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Efficiency in Learning

The Problem.?Recent literature on the psychology of learning has displayed an en couraging tendency to emphasize the points of agreement rather than the differences among learning theories. Insight was for merly taken to mean immediate solution of a problem without any tentative exploration, and many disputes have raged over its role in learning. There now seems to be general agreement that insight should be described as the perception of essential relationships in the learning situation, that it may occur in greater or lesser degree along with trial-and error learning, and that it may be "foresight" or "hindsight" (i, 2, 3). With this agreement on the crucial role of insight in learning, particularly in that kind of learning called problem solving, the way is cleared for constructive research in finding the best means of gaining insight in learning situations. This study attempts to test at three levels of maturity the relative efficiency of three methods of learning in aiding the learner to gain insight in a learning situation in which a complex mental problem must be solved. Specifically, the study attempts to answer experimentally the following ques tions: 1. Are memorizing, the use of a simple verbal principle or rule, and the use of non verbal clues that may aid the learner to formulate the principles of the problem effi cient methods of learning to solve problems? 2. What is the relative efficiency of these methods at the junior high school level, the senior high school level, and the college level, as measured by the ability to make an imme diate transfer to new but similar problems? 3. What is the relative efficiency of these methods at each level as measured by the retention of learned material? 4. What is the relative efficiency of these methods as measured by the ability to make a delayed transfer to new problems? 5Is the mental age of the learner a more important factor in learning than the method of learning? The Experimental Material.?The learning material used in the experiment consisted of nine mathematical puzzles, one of which is shown in Figure i with one of its four pos sible solutions. The problem is to change a D D D D Figure 1 Mathematical Puzzle and Solution

Field of study: Education
NOVEL MANAGEMENT OF ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR DURING PREGNANCY

Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is the third most frequent malignant germ cell tumour of the ovary. Occurrence of this tumor during pregnancy is rare. We report a case of endodermal sinus tumour during pregnancy which was managed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic management of this case adds to the treatment modalities of Endodermal sinus tumour which usually presents in the younger group of patients. If adequate follow up is done the outcome is no different from those cases which are managed by laparotomies.  Endodermal sinus tumour, alpha-fetoprotein, pregnancy

Field of study: Medicine
Three detailed, radiocarbon-dated, Holocene tufa and alluvial fan mollusc successions from southern Ontario: The first in northeastern North America

Fossil mollusc remains, particularly those of land snails, provide a wealth of detailed information concerning local Quaternary paleoenvironments and regional paleoclimatic conditions. However, this important resource is generally overlooked in North America and consequently quantitative, well-dated terrestrial mollusc successions are extremely rare here. In an attempt to redress this imbalance, a project examining the Holocene molluscan faunal history of northeastern North America has been initiated. Thus far, detailed mollusc successions and associated radiocarbon age determinations have been obtained from three sites in southern Ontario; two alluvial fans (Chine Drive Fan and Cudia Park Fan, both from the Scarborough Bluffs east of Toronto) and a tufa (West River Road, near Cambridge). The observed land snail successions to provide an initial view of the molluscan faunal history of this region during the period from the late glacial to the mid Holocene, between approximately 10,500 and 5000 radiocarbon years BP (yr BP). The molluscan data have also been used to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental history of southern Ontario during this time, documenting the progression from exposed, open habitats characterised by species such as Vertigo modesta , Vallonia albula , Columella columella and Vitrina angelicae limpida , to closed woodland biotopes indicated by the presence of taxa including Carychium nannodes , Nesovitrea binneyana , Paravitrea multidenta and Helicodiscus parallelus . This study has already demonstrated the potential of this technique in the study of Quaternary climatic and environmental change in eastern North America and represents a strong foundation for extending the analysis of fossil land snail successions to other sites throughout this region. It has also provided new and important insights into the establishment of the modern molluscan fauna, which are essential to the understanding of present day distributional patterns and environmental associations.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Applying electrolyzed water in sprouts production for controlling microbial contamination

The microbes in sprouts are mainly from seeds and foodborne illnesses will outbreak when people eat sprouts contaminated by pathogens. The focus of this study was to apply electrolyzed functional water to seeds soaking to eliminate microbes on the surface of seeds. The result demonstrated that the electrolyzed functional water could reduce the number of microbes on the surface of seeds effectively, and after electrolyzed water treatment, the total microbial counts on the surface of soybeans and mung bean was less than 1 log cfu/g while alfalfa and radish seeds were (3.53±0.07) log cfu/g and (2.65±0.14) logcfu/g respectively. Scanning electronic microscope observation of mungbean showed that the outer wax coat of mungbean was breaked severely after treating with slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with alkaline electrolyzed water. The result also showed electrolyzed functional water could improve germination percentage of soybean and radish seeds from 85% and 62% to 89% and 80% while didn't change germination percentage of mungbean and alfalfa seeds obviously.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences