nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolving models in Model-Driven Engineering: State-of-the-art and future challenges

A conceptual overview of the problem of model evolution.A survey of the state-of-the-art in model evolution and migration.Open and ongoing research challenges in model evolution and migration. The artefacts used in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) evolve as a matter of course: models are modified and updated as part of the engineering process; metamodels change as a result of domain analysis and standardisation efforts; and the operations applied to models change as engineering requirements change. MDE artefacts are inter-related, and simultaneously constrain each other, making evolution a challenge to manage. We discuss some of the key problems of evolution in MDE, summarise the key state-of-the-art, and look forward to new challenges in research in this area.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Charge optimisation study of a reversible water-to-water propane heat pump

This paper presents the results and conclusions regarding the optimisation of the charge obtained throughout a thorough development study performed with a reversible water-to-water heat pump using propane as refrigerant. The paper first describes the influence of the charge on the capacity and COP of the unit at given operating conditions and then analyses the causes of such influence. Then, the theoretical study carried out with a detailed mathematical model to estimate the amount of refrigerant in each part of the unit is discussed. The second part of the paper is devoted to analysing the influence of the design of the evaporator (BPHE with and without integrated orifice distributor) and the operating conditions on the optimal charge. Finally, the effect of employing a POE or a mineral oil for lubrication on both performance and optimal charge is discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Winery vermicomposts to control the leaching of diuron, imidacloprid and their metabolites: Role of dissolved organic carbon content

Soil organic amendment addition is an effective practice in Mediterranean areas due to its associated high agricultural benefits and its potential to reduce the pesticide impact on water resources. However, their metabolites have received scarce attention, even when they may pose more risk than their parent compounds. Two winery vermicomposts obtained from spent grape marc (V1) and the mixture vine shoot-biosolid vinasses (V2) have been investigated as low cost organic amendments to minimize the leaching of diuron, imidacloprid and their metabolites in columns packed with a sandy loam (S1) and a silty-clay loam soil (S2) under steady state flow conditions. In the unamended soil columns, leached amounts of diuron were 75% and 53% in S1 and S2, respectively. Its metabolites (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea, DPMU; and 3,4-dichlorophenylurea, DPU) percolated less than 35% of the total applied amount. The amount of the metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) was 2% and 30% for S1 and S2, respectively. Leaching of imidacloprid was 79% and 96% for S1 and S2, respectively, while its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (CNA) was entirely leached. In the vermicompost-amended columns, the leaching of diuron was reduced 2 to 3-fold. DPMU and DPU were also significantly reduced (more than 6-fold). DCA did not appear in any of the leachates of the amended soil columns. Imidacloprid leaching was reduced 1 to 2-folds in the amended columns. The amendments did not affect the transport of CNA. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the vermicomposts did not enhance pesticide transport throughout the soil in any case. This qualitative study presents these vermicomposts as an effective potential low-cost tool in reducing pesticide and metabolite leaching. The next step would be to test them under more realistic conditions.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Branch Switching for Pitchfork Bifurcation in Nonlinear Finite Element Method

A general branch-switching approach is proposed, based on pseudo arc-length continuation in the nonlinear finite element method (FEM), to trace the branch solution curve at the pitchfork bifurcation point in parameter space. By this approach, branch direction can be determined without derivatives of tangent stiffness matrix. This approach is proved mathematically and is inserted into a general FEM code. Stability of equilibrium corresponding to each solution curve is estimated by the Lagrange-Dirichlet criteria. As an example, the whole process of the elastic mode jumping for rectangular thin plates, in which there are many pitchfork bifurcations in parameter space in loading and unloading, is simulated by the improved FEM code.The numerical results are identical with that of an experiment done by previous researchers.

Field of study: Physics
The Cognitive Mediation Hypothesis Revisited: An Empirical Response to Methodological and Theoretical Criticism

The cognitive mediation hypothesis has become a well-established assumption in persuasion theory. However, several theoretical and methodological criticisms have been raised to call this assumption into question. Three experiments that address these criticisms were conducted to provide a more direct test of the cognitive mediation hypothesis. Using the forewarning effect as a testing arena, Experiment I demonstrated that interference with either motivation or ability to counterargue reduced fore-warning-induced resistance to persuasion. Experiment 2 demonstrated that exposure to counterarguments generated by others and self-generated counterarguments were functionally equivalent and redundant. Experiment 3 used a path-analytic approach to demonstrate that the persuasion differences produced by forewarning were eliminated by covarying the effect of cognitive responses generated between forewarning and message exposure. Taken together, the three experiments provide converging support for the cognitive mediation hypothesis, reconfirming the central role of cognition in the persuasion process.

Field of study: Psychology
Simulation and Fabrication of SAW-Based Gas Sensor with Modified Surface State of Active Layer and Electrode Orientation for Enhanced H2 Gas Sensing

The design, analysis, optimization, and fabrication of layered and nanostructure-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors are presented. A lithium niobate and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano multilayer structure is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of the SAW-based gas sensor. Different materials are considered for the intermediate layer in the design for optimization purposes. The sensitivity of the sensor could be improved due to increased active surface area obtained by varying the aspect ratio of the nanorods, the thickness of the intermediate layer, and the gap between the electrodes. The total displacement and frequency shift of the device were significantly improved. Overall, the mechanically engineered surface-based (nanorod) SAW gas sensor offered better sensing response than the layered SAW gas sensor in terms of sensitivity performance.

Field of study: Materials science
Phase transitions for flat anti-de Sitter black holes.

We reexamine the thermodynamics of anti-de Sitter (adS) black holes with Ricci flat horizons using the adS soliton as the thermal background. We find that there is a phase transition which is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the black hole area, which is an independent parameter. As in the spherical adS black hole, this phase transition is related via the adS/conformal-field-theory correspondence to a confinement-deconfinement transition in the large- N gauge theory on the conformal boundary at infinity.

Field of study: Physics
Research and Design of Wireless Sensor-Based Data Acquisition Traffic Solution Based on CC2430/CC2431

Wireless sensor network integrates computers,networks,communications,electronics and more multi-disciplinary field,in recent years received widespread attention and research,its application also has broad prospects.Introduces the characteristics of wireless sensor networks,then analyses and compares the existing intelligent transportation system data acquisition means,and focuses on wireless sensor network applications in transportation.and then analyses the feasibility of wireless sensor network applications in transportation,simulation solution and prospects the next step work.

Field of study: Computer science
SU‐E‐T‐327: Dosimetric Impact of Beam Energy for Intrabeam Breast IORT with Different Residual Cancer Cell Distributions After Surgery

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of beam energy to the IORT treatment of residual cancer cells with different cancer cell distributions after breast-conserving surgery.  The three dimensional (3D) radiation doses of IORT using a 4-cm spherical applicator at the energy of 40 keV and 50 keV were separately calculated at different depths of the postsurgical tumor bed. The modified linear quadratic model (MLQ) was used to estimate the radiobiological response of the tumor cells assuming different radio-sensitivities and density distributions. The impact of radiation was evaluated for two types of breast cancer cell lines (α /β=10, and α /β =3.8) at 20 Gy dose prescribed at the applicator surface. Cancer cell distributions in the postsurgical tissue field were assumed to be a Gaussian with the standard deviations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm respectively, namely the cancer cell infiltrations of 1.5, 3, and 6 mm respectively. The surface cancer cell percentage was assumed to be 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% and 10% separately. The equivalent uniform doses (EUD) for all the scenarios were calculated.  The EUDs were found to be dependent on the distributions of cancer cells, but independent of the cancer cellmore » radio-sensitivities and the density at the surface. EUDs of 50 keV are 1% larger than that of 40 keV. For a prescription dose of 20 Gy, EUDs of 50 keV beam are 17.52, 16.21 and 13.14 Gy respectively for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm of the standard deviation of cancer cell Gaussian distributions.  The impact by selected energies of IORT beams is very minimal. When energy is changed from 50 keV to 40 keV, the EUDs are almost the same for the same cancer cell distribution. 40 keV can be safely used as an alternative of 50 keV beam in IORT.« less

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Queer/Early/Modern (review)

and Hobbes, may suggest the strengths and weaknesses of the whole. In Bacon’s desire to free natural philosophy from scholastic confusions and common faults of perception and understanding, Farrell says of Bacon “suspicion becomes . . . his crucial resource” (94). He argues further that the reformation of religion (considered in an earlier chapter on Luther), provided Bacon with a model for grandiose rethinking of entrenched traditions of authority and knowledge. Here, then, are two defining traits of the paranoiac worldview converging in a definitive project of early modernity. Yet is the application of the term to Bacon just? The ambition and renovation of Bacon are undeniable (though, of course, there are other tendencies, intellectual, psychological, and political, at work), but even if we allow, as Farrell does, that it is the project, not its author, to which the term must be applied — he names it Bacon’s “science of suspicion” — the terms strike one still as overwrought, even misleading. Baconian “suspicion” only seems to add a level of depth and disturbance to a program that, for all its grandiosity and determined rejection of tradition, is more practical than pathological. Baconian suspicion — so darkly hinting — might more justly be called Baconian skepticism. Put another way, terms like paranoia or suspicion seem to demand some kind of application, not only to the writings but to the writer, to require for their full force a more telling continuity between author and text. And it is just this kind of continuity we see everywhere in Hobbes. In an analysis that stands, with the readings of Luther and Rousseau, among the strongest in the book, Farrell examines Leviathan as the masterwork of a philosopher who described himself, nicely enough for Farrell’s purpose, as born into the world, in the wake of the Armada, as a twin with fear. For Hobbes, fear, and the suspicion it bred, were not only aspects of his nature but woven into the fabric of his political philosophy, and Farrell does a marvelous job teasing out the implications of this quality (or, one is tempted to say, psychosis) of his work. In Hobbes, Farrell finds an ideal subject who allows him to follow the paths of paranoia, in writing and writer, in a richly nuanced way. If, at times, readers find themselves unconvinced by a particular analysis, in his readings of figures like Hobbes, where notions of paranoia, clinical and metaphorical, are persuasively applied, Farrell helps us to see again, in sharper focus, works we think we know. SAMUEL GLEN WONG University of Victoria

Field of study: History
Structuring a TiO2-based photonic crystal photocatalyst with Schottky junction for efficient photocatalysis.

Facile and effective approaches were developed to fabricate the inverse TiO2/Pt opals Schottky structures on the Ti substrate. The as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra (DRS), respectively. The results indicate that these samples were of ordered network, which was built by the Pt skeleton frame and the outer TiO2 layer. The TiO2 layer was identified as anatase with the preferential orientation of (101) plane. The experiments of short-circuit photocurrent (SCPC) and photocatalytic degradation of phenol were also conducted under the UV irradiation in order to evaluate the photoactivity of the samples. By tuning the red edge of photonic stop-band overlapping the absorption maximum of anatase (at 360 nm), both the UV absorption and the carrier separation of the samples were improved. The kinetic constant using the optimal inverse TiO2/Pt opals (0.992 h(-1)) was about 1.5 times as great as that of the disordered inverse TiO2/Pt opals (TiO2/Pt-mix) and was 3.3 times as great as that of pristine TiO2 nanocrystalline film (TiO2-nc) on Ti substrate.

Field of study: Environmental science
Reliability and wearout characterisation of LEDs

LEDs play a key role as an active element in electronic circuitry – for example in optocouplers. Their life time strongly depends on the operation conditions. Degradation usually starts by the generation of both reverse and forward bias direction pinpoint leakage paths. When the resistance of such a path becomes lower than the regular operational resistance in forward direction, it will start to act as a bypass. Then, reduced and inhomogeneous emission is the first degradation indicator. The paper describes degradation mechanisms and their characterisation.

Field of study: Engineering
High-redshift rotation curves and MOND

Genzel et al. have recently published the rotation curves of six high-redshift disc galaxies ($z\sim 0.9-2.4$), which they find to be `baryon dominated' within the studies radii. While not up to the standard afforded by data available for analysis in the nearby Universe, these data are valuable in constraining cosmological evolution of either DM scenarios, or -- as I discuss here -- $z$-dependence of MOND. Indeed, these results, if taken at face value, teach us useful lessons in connection with MOND. a. The dynamical accelerations at the half-light radii, found by Genzel et al., are rather high compared with the MOND acceleration constant, as measured in the nearby Universe: $g(R_{1/2})= (3-11)a_0$. MOND then predicts fractions of `phantom matter' at $R_{1/2}$ of at most a few tens of percents, which, galaxy by galaxy, agree well with what Genzel et al. find. b. The asymptotic rotational speeds predicted by MOND from the baryonic-mass estimates of Genzel et al. are substantially lower ($0.55-0.75$) than the maximal speeds of the RCs. MOND thus predicts a substantial decline of the RCs beyond the maximum. This too is in line with what Genzel et al. find. c. Arguably, the most important lesson is that the findings of Genzel et al. cast very meaningful constraints on possible variation of $a_0$ with cosmic time. For example, they all but exclude a value of the MOND constant of $\sim 4a_0$ at $z\sim 2$, excluding, e.g., $a_0\propto (1+z)^{3/2}$.

Field of study: Physics
Anomalous transport property at surface and interface of metal/rare earth doped ceria

The oxygen transport around gold/oxide ion conducting oxides such as gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was investigated by using oxygen isotope exchange and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The active area of oxygen exchange was clearly observed in the vicinity of Au/YSZ/O 2 triple phase boundary at T  = 973 K in dry O 2 condition. On the other hand, the activation of oxygen exchange was broadly observed around Au/GDC interface treated at the same condition. Although the hole conductivity of GDC is considered to be much higher than that of YSZ, it does not significantly enhance the oxygen exchange at the GDC surface. The chemical inhomogeneity on the GDC surface is considered to be one of the factors which may suppress oxygen exchange.

Field of study: Materials science
The Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System

Design considerations and operational experience for the existing heavy-ion accelerator consisting of a tandem injecting into a superconducting linac are summarized, with emphasis on the general features of the system. This introduction provides the basis for a discussion of the objectives and design of ATLAS, a larger tandem-linac system being formed by expanding the existing superconducting linac.

Field of study: Physics
Implementation of Height Measurement System Based on Pressure Sensor BMP085

This paper designs a kind of height measurement system based on BMP085 pressure sensor. One STM32F103RCT6 embedded chip is used as the main controller for the system, meanwhile one BMP085 chip is used to measure pressure data. The microprocessor reads the pressure data through the I2C hardware interface, then adopts linear interpolation method to calculate the absolute height based on the relationship of atmospheric pressure and altitude, thereby acquire the relative height. The experimental result shows that the relative height measurement error of this system is 0.4m, thus can achieve high precision requirement.

Field of study: Engineering
Credible negotiation statements and coherent plans

Criteria are developed to determine which negotiation statements are credible with respect to a reference payoff allocation for the negotiator's possible types. An attractive reference allocation is any limit of reference allocations that admit no credible statements. A coherent plan is a negotiation statement that all types can make with likelihood one that is credible with respect to an attractive reference allocation. Coherent plans are shown to exist. Semicoherent plans are also defined, without reference allocations. Sequentially coherent plans are defined for multistage games with no simultaneous moves. Other negotiation structures are considered, including mechanism design by an informed principal.

Field of study: Economics
Response to Todd Bindig's “Confusion about Speciesism and Moral Status”

Todd Bindig takes a provocative position in his essay "Confusion about Speciesism and Moral Status". He proposes that we, as Catholic believers, can find some common ground with the position taken by Peter Singer against "speciesism". Bindig offers some tweaking to the meaning of the term "species" to create grounds for agreement. He argues that Singer is correct; species is morally irrelevant if it is founded merely on one's reproductive community and historical origin. Bindig offers some very imaginative scenarios for recategorizing human beings in a plurality of species possibilities, i.e. the existence of another planet where beings exactly like human beings exist, but from diverse origins and within a separate reproductive community. Unfortunately, the supposed confusion over the acceptable definition of the term "species" is irrelevant to Singer's arguments. Singer is not confused about his understanding of speciesism. Speciesism is a "morally indefensible preference for members of our own species" (53), that is, human beings over non-human animals. He proposes that the moral status of "persons" cannot be limited to human beings alone, but must include non-human animals as well, if we are not to be accused of the sin of "speciesism". According to Singer, ethical decision making must be based on equal consideration of interests. These interests cannot be limited to such irrelevant criteria as intelligence or rationality, as these would be "as arbitrary as skin color". He maintains that, instead, we base ethical decisions on sentience, that is, a balance of pain vs. pleasure: classical utilitarianism, he claims. Hence, since pigs, horses, and chickens are as likely to experience pain as adult humans there can be no moral justification for not weighing their interests equally. Personhood achieves meaning based on a being's capacity to feel pain. Hence, according to Singer, most of us are regularly

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Absorption and Forward Scattering of Antiprotons by C, Al, and Cu Nuclei in the Region 470-880 MeV/ c

The absorption cross sections and the differential elastic-scattering cross sections of antiprotons on carbon, aluminum, and copper nuclei were systematically measured at six beam momenta between 470 and 880 MeV/c. From these data, the antiproton-nucleus optical potential was derived for the first time.

Field of study: Physics
Exploring uncertainties in global crop yield projections in a large ensemble of crop models and CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate scenarios

Concerns over climate change are motivated in large part because of their impact on human society. Assessing the effect of that uncertainty on specific potential impacts is demanding, since it requires a systematic survey over both climate and impacts models. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty in projected crop yields for maize, spring and winter wheat, rice, and soybean, using a suite of nine crop models and up to 45 CMIP5 and 34 CMIP6 climate projections for three different forcing scenarios. To make this task computationally tractable, we use a new set of statistical crop model emulators. We find that climate and crop models contribute about equally to overall uncertainty. While the ranges of yield uncertainties under CMIP5 and CMIP6 projections are similar, median impact in aggregate total caloric production is typically more negative for the CMIP6 projections (+1% to −19%) than for CMIP5 (+5% to −13%). In the first half of the 21st century and for individual crops is the spread across crop models typically wider than that across climate models, but we find distinct differences between crops: globally, wheat and maize uncertainties are dominated by the crop models, but soybean and rice are more sensitive to the climate projections. Climate models with very similar global mean warming can lead to very different aggregate impacts so that climate model uncertainties remain a significant contributor to agricultural impacts uncertainty. These results show the utility of large-ensemble methods that allow comprehensively evaluating factors affecting crop yields or other impacts under climate change. The crop model ensemble used here is unbalanced and pulls the assumption that all projections are equally plausible into question. Better methods for consistent model testing, also at the level of individual processes, will have to be developed and applied by the crop modeling community.

Field of study: Environmental science