nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Disgust in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Recent Findings and Future Directions

Purpose of ReviewIn the past 20 years, the role of disgust in anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been investigated with increasing precision. In this review, we examine recent evidence implicating disgust in anxiety and OCD, highlighting recent measurement and methodological improvements. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the mechanisms that may account for the role of disgust in OCD and related disorders.Recent FindingsRecent developments include clarification of the role of distinct disgust-relevant vulnerabilities in the etiology of anxiety and OCD, an improved understanding of the neurobiology of disgust processing in OCD, and an increased focus on disgust-related mechanisms that contribute to psychopathology, such as disgust-based learning and emotion regulation.SummaryDisgust proneness is increasingly linked with symptoms of anxiety and OCD. However, further examination of the mechanisms that account for the roles of distinct disgust-relevant vulnerabilities is needed, and studies that directly examine disgust during the course of treatment are limited. Increasingly, the field has moved toward experimental investigation of specific disgust-relevant mechanisms that influence the etiology and treatment of OCD and related anxiety disorders.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Corrosion behavior of Sn-9Zn-xBi lead-free solder alloys in NaCl 3% solution

Corrosion behavior of SnÂÂ9Zn-xBi alloys (x=0; 0.5 and 3 wt%) were studied in NaCl 3% solution using open circuit potential, polarization curves, weight loss measurements and surface analysis. The obtained results revealed the corrosion resistance depends on the percentage of bismuth. The Sn-9Zn-3Bi has the lowest values of corrosion current density. The corrosion potential shift toward more negative values with more bismuth addition. XRD analysis of the corrosion products formed after 168 hours of immersion in NaCl 3% solution indicated the zinc dissolution.

Field of study: Materials science
lu you tai zhi liao nao geng si hou yi yu zheng de lin chuang yan jiu

脑梗死后并发抑郁症临床比较多见,发生率为30%～50%[1],其生产的机制与生物、心理、社会等因素有关.抑郁症的出现,不仅影响患者的生活质量,也妨碍其神经功能障碍的恢复.笔者应用路优泰治疗脑梗死后抑郁症取得了良好的效果,现报告如下.

Field of study: Medicine
Cultivation Techniques for High Yield and Sustainable Developmentof Chestnut on the Mountain Slope

Different constitutions of the high yield measures,such as the cultivation and banking, form pruning, fertilizer application, sod mulch and control of plant diseases and pests,were used to raise the per unit yield in the 14year chestnut. The results showed that all the 5 measures had significant effects on its yield, and that the most significant measures affecting yield was form pruning.The problems existed in the cultivation techniques, the methods for water and soil conservation and sustainable forestry to orchards of chestnut on the mountain slope are also discussed in this paper.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
It is not safe unless everyone is aware.

Dear Editor,

This is a letter in response to article http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcu227.1 The authors inform us that the standardization of cupping therapy will reduce the occurrence of adverse effects and help promote the therapy.

Cupping therapy or blood-letting therapy has been used for many centuries by well-known people including George Washington and Mozart. Now the celebrities of our current age are advocates of it. In the past, …

Field of study: Medicine
Graphical Determination of the Geostrophic Wind Over a Point or Small Area

Assuming straight, parallel, and equally-spaced contour heights or isobars over a small area, the total pressure-gradient force (and the geostrophic wind) may be determined graphically using the contour-height or sea-level pressure differences between 3 stations around the area. The method is objective and eliminates personal discrepancies in scaling geostrophic wind from pressure or contour-height analyses.

Field of study: Environmental science
Runoff and Erosion as Affected by Corn Residue: Part I. Total Losses

THE Effects ofming rates of corn residue on runoff and erosion from a loess soil in southwestern Iowa were measured using a rainfall simulator. Consistent reductions in runoff, sediment concentration and soilloss resulted from increased residue application. Small amounts of surface cover produced substantial reductions in erosion. A regression equation relating surface cover to residue weight was obtained. Equations describing relative runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss as a function of surface cover were also developed using regression analysis.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Insomnia in the Military: Application and Effectiveness of Cognitive and Pharmacologic Therapies

Insomnia is one of the most common complaints of US armed service members. Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in active duty and veteran populations are often complicated by comorbid disorders experienced by military personnel, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi), pharmacologic interventions, and alternative therapies are discussed as relevant to their applications within military populations. Future directions in research are suggested.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Manipulation of cytokine production profiles as a therapeutic approach for immunologic pregnancy loss.

Pregnancy is not as successful as one might think; it can be compromised by several complications such as recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, pre-term delivery, pre-eclampsia etc. Much attention has been paid to the possibility of the maternal immune system mediating deleterious effects on pregnancy. Research conducted during the last two decades has shed much light on cell-mediated immunologic effectors that might underlie these pregnancy complications. Of particular interest are the effects that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have on the foetus and placenta, and thus on the success and failure of pregnancy. This review presents evidences that certain cytokine profiles are associated with recurrent miscarriage and pre-term delivery and discusses possible pathways of effector function of cytokines in pregnancy loss and the redirection of cytokine profiles from one that is antagonistic to pregnancy towards one that is conducive to the success of pregnancy. Among the promising agents for the modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance are progestogens like progesterone and dydrogesterone; this review also discusses recent evidence that progestogens are capable of modulating cytokine production patterns in pregnancy loss.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
High-performance fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries

This short review summarizes our recent progress in fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries and lithium-air batteries based on carbon nanotube hybrid fiber electrodes. The fiber architecture allows batteries to be deformable in all dimensions and bear various deformations such as bending, tying, twisting and even stretching. They are scaled up and further woven into breathable, flexible, stretchable and shape-memory textiles to effectively meet the requirements of modern electronics such as wearable products.

Field of study: Chemistry
Valuing Public Value: Recognising and Applying Knowledge About the Governmental Process*

Rhodes and Wanna (2007) have criticised Moore's argument for ‘public value’ as an organising construct for public managers, claiming that it is confused, ill-informed, ignores the central dynamic of political life, and demands that public managers become ‘Platonic guardians’, making it totally inappropriate for use in Australia. This article examines Moore's analysis and Rhodes and Wanna's critique, and explores the relevance for the argument of the complex nature of authority in Australian government, recent developments in the social science understanding of governing, and the experiential knowledge of practitioners. It cites the governing of the Murray-Darling Basin as an example, and discusses the different discourses that academics and practitioners use in making sense of complexity in governing.

Field of study: Political science
Step off the Misunderstanding Area of "Competition"

The article is aimed at discussing China's colleges and universities of the personnel system reform, from the aspects such as the nature of competition, the characteristics of modern management, the nature of human resources management and colleges and universities’ morality, is to prove that the universities carry out full internal competition for posts is wrong, and suggest to use the system to restrain or encourage the acts of university teachers rather than competition.

Field of study: Business
Lithium-ion conducting glass ceramics for electrostatic gating

We explore solid electrolytes for electrostatic gating using field-effect transistors (FETs) in which thin WSe2 crystals are exfoliated and transferred onto a lithium-ion conducting glass ceramic substrate. For negative gate voltages (VG   0. For VG   0. For VG < 0, the devices can nevertheless be driven into the ambipolar injection regime by applying a large source-drain bias and strong electroluminescence is observed when direct band-gap WSe2 monolayers are used. Detecting and imaging the emitted light is much simpler in these FETs as compared to ionic liquid gated transistors, because the semiconductor surface is exposed (i.e., not covered by another material). Our results show that solid electrolytes are complementary to the existing liquid gates, as they enable experiments that are not possible when the semiconductor is buried under the liquid itself.

Field of study: Physics
Spinal cord nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase limit morphine induced analgesia.

Spinal cord tissue contains two enzyme systems capable of producing monoxide gases which in turn are linked to the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which produces NO and heme oxygenase (HO) which produces CO. Reports from several laboratories link these two enzyme systems to pain of inflammatory and neuropathic etiologies. Additional studies have demonstrated that the activation of the NOS system by morphine limits the spinal analgesic action of this drug. In this study we first employed the hot plate model of pain to demonstrate that the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the HO inhibitor Sn-P potentiate the analgesic actions of intrathecally administered morphine while having no intrinsic analgesic action at the doses used. We then determined that L-NAME loses its ability to potentiate morphine in nNOS null-mutant mice, while Sn-P no longer potentiates morphine in mice lacking a functional HO-2 gene. The intrathecal injection of the cGMP analog 8-Br cGMP caused hyperalgesia in the hot plate assay. Focusing on the possible involvement of cGMP metabolism, we documented that morphine stimulates cGMP production in a spinal cord slice model in a concentration dependent and naloxone reversible manner. Both L-NAME and Sn-P were potent inhibitors of morphine-stimulated cGMP production. Buffer containing either CO or the NO donor compound SNAP stimulated cGMP production as well. In spinal cord slices from either nNOS or HO-2 null-mutant animals morphine did not stimulate cGMP production. Taken together our data suggest that spinal monoxide generation modifies the acute analgesic actions of morphine.

Field of study: Biology
Ecological Study on High Yielding Cultivation of Sugarcane ROC 1 in Winter──III.High yielding agronomic practices and their effects

The functions of high-yielding agronomic practices such as film -mulching, planting patterns and fertilizer application were studied. The effects of different agronomic practices on growth, yield, sugar content and environmental factors were analyzed in detail.The results showed that the film-mulched failed to have a significant effect on sugarcane ROC1 in Danzhou area while the planting pattem of shallow-furrow with single row was advantageous to the population growth of sugarcane, and judicious application of special fertilizer to sugarcane reduced application rate and hence reduced production cost consid erably.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
D-S Theory Based on an Improved PSO for Data Fusion

The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is an excellent method of information fusion. Because of the difference which is caused by the sensors, it is essential to deal with the evidence with a method of weighed D-S theory. The new method to deal with data fusion based on improved D-S theory has been proposed, and set up the concept of weight of sensor evidence itself and evidence distance based on a quantification of the similarity between sets to acquire the reliability weight of the relationship between evidences. Considering the disadvantages of the improved D-S theory, a best method of obtaining evidence weight value is presented by an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO). Compared with the compared methods, this evidence theory proves more effective and advanced by making simulation test.

Field of study: Computer science
Magnetostratigraphy of the Miocene Chiang Muan Formation, northern Thailand: Implication for revised chronology of the earliest Miocene hominoid in Southeast Asia

A paleomagnetic study has been conducted on the Miocene Chiang Muan Formation in northern Thailand, in order to provide a chronology for the earliest large-bodied Miocene hominoid in Southeast Asia. The Chiang Muan Formation is mainly composed of clay, silt and sand beds, indicating lacustrine and fluvial environments. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from 124 horizons along an approximately 150 m thick section from the Chiang Muan Formation at the opencast Chiang Muan Mine. Rock magnetic experiments and stepwise thermal demagnetizations revealed that the main carrier of the magnetization of the sediments is magnetite and the samples have stable magnetization. Exceptionally, stable magnetization is also carried by hematite, which is represented by red colored sediments. Characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions, calculated by the principal component analysis, revealed normal or reversed polarities of magnetization, which allow the application of the reversal test of McFadden and McElhinny [McFadden, P.L., McElhinny, M.W., 1990. Classification of the reverse test in paleomagnetism. ]. The mean paleomagnetic directions of the normal and reversed polarities passed the reversal test with a classification C, indicating that the Chiang Muan Formation preserved the primary magnetization. In total, five normal and four-reversed polarity zones are recognized from the studied section. Based on paleontological age constraints, this magnetostratigraphic column of the Chiang Muan Formation correlates best with Chron C5AAn-C5n of the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) from the geological time scale (GTS2004) developed by Gradstein et al. [Gradstein, F., Ogg, J., Smith, A. (Eds.) 2004. A Geological Time Scale 2004.  Cambridge, UK, p. 589]. This correlation revealed that sedimentation of the Chiang Muan Formation began approximately at 13 Ma and continued until 9.8 Ma with a mean sedimentation rate of approximately 4.2 cm/ky. The age of the earliest Southeast Asian hominoid is between 12.4 and 13.0 Ma.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
When are Aids Patients to Blame for Their Disease? Effects of Patients' Sexual Orientation and Mode of Transmission

This study examined three factors affecting college students' attributions of blame for an AIDS patient's disease: sexual orientation of the patient, mode of HIV transmission, and the sex of the subject. 148 subjects read one of six vignettes describing an hypothetical AIDS patient who was described as either an heterosexual or an homosexual man who contracted HIV through one of three avenues: blood transfusion, sexual contact, or TV drug use. The homosexual AIDS patient was considered more to blame for his illness than the heterosexual AIDS patient, but only when mode of transmission was sexual contact. In addition, mode of HIV transmission was a significant factor in attributions of responsibility, as the patient who contracted HIV through a blood transfusion was rated as less responsible than the patient who contracted HIV through sexual behavior or IV drug use. Women consistently rated the AIDS patient as less responsible than did men.

Field of study: Psychology
Stability and Vibration of Mindlin Sector Plates: An Analytical Approach.

This study presents a simple analytical formulation for the eigenvalue problem of buckling and free-vibration analysis of Mindlin sector plates. The nonaxisymmetric formulation in cylindrical coordinates is discretized in the space domain in terms of two-dimensional Chebyshev polynomials. The formulation facilitates application of several combinations of simply supported, clamped, and free-edge conditions. Convergence study has been carried out, and the obtained results are compared with those available in the literature. Extensive results pertaining to critical buckling loads and natural frequencies are presented. Effects of boundary conditions, plate thickness, and annularity are studied.

Field of study: Physics
Expression of NS6 gene of rice grassy stunt virus in E. coli and construction of its plant expression vector

Large amount of disease-specific protein(SP) accumulated in the rice plant cells infected by rice grassy stunt virus(RGSV). It was deduced that the protein was encoded by NS6 gene on genomic vRNA6 and thus referred to as NS6 protein. But its function is unknown. In an effort to prove the above deduction and to elucidate the function of NS6 protein of RGSV, we constructed a bacterial expression plasmid pGTNS6 producing a fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NS6 protein, and a plant expression vector pCBTNSv6 containing NS6 gene. A recombinant plasmid pTNSv 6 containing the coding region of NS6 gene and the non-coding region at its 5^ terminus, cloned by RT-PCR from purified RNAs of Shaxian isolate of RGSV, was used as the start point. Western blot analysis showed that the fusion protein reacted strongly with antisera raised against RGSV-SP, which served as evidence of the deduction. EHA105 of Agrobacterium tumefasciens containing pCBTNSv6 has been obtained and the transformation of rice is underway.

Field of study: Biology
Effects of Arc Parameters on Synthesis of Sb_2Te_3 Thermoelectric Powders

Taking elemental antimony and tellurium powders as raw material,Sb2Te3 powders were successfully prepared by vacuum arc plasma evaporation technique.The raw materials were heated,evaporated and formed on the surface of collecting device by reacting.The microstructure of the samples was characterized via field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM).The effects of arc current and argon gas pressure on average particle size and yield rate of Sb2Te3 powders were investigated.The results show that,as the arc current increases in the range of 100～175 A,the average particle size and yield rate of Sb2Te3 powders increases.As the argon gas pressure increases in the range of 2～8 kPa,the average particle size and yield rate of the powders increase,and powder agglomeration is also obvious.

Field of study: Materials science
Students' Perceptions and Misconceptions of a Career in is

According to the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook (2000–01 Edition), computer systems analysts are expected to be “the fastest growing occupation through 2008.” However, predictions are that there will be over one million IT jobs that will go unfilled. Why the shortage? This study reports the results of a survey conducted during 2000 which was mailed to 1508 Kansas high school students asking their perception as to what a career in IT entails. Over 60% of the respondents cited their lack of knowledge about IS/IT. Offering more “fun” programming courses at the high school level and changing the stereotype image of an IS/IT professional could help attract quality students to the profession.

Field of study: Computer science
Schur algorithms for Hermitian Toeplitz, and Hankel matrices with singular leading principal submatrices

It is shown how a simple matrix algebra procedure can be used to induce Schur-type algorithms for the solution of certain Toeplitz and Hankel linear systems of equations when given Levinson-Durbin algorithms for such problems. The algorithm of P. Delsarte et al. (1985) for Hermitian Toeplitz matrices in the singular case is used to induce a Schur algorithm for such matrices. An algorithm due to G. Heinig and K. Rost (1984) for Hankel matrices in the singular case is used to induce a Schur algorithm for such matrices. The Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is viewed as a kind of Levinson-Durbin algorithm and so is used to induce a Schur algorithm for the minimal partial realization problem. The Schur algorithm for Hermitian Toeplitz matrices in the singular case is shown to be amenable to implementation on a linearly connected parallel processor array of the sort considered by Kung and Hu (1983), and in fact generalizes their result to the singular case.

Field of study: Engineering
The Level 2 research product algorithms for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES)

This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processing chain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operational chain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2r chain products are available to the scientific community. The objective of version 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in the altitude range of 18–90 km. A theoretical error analysis is conducted to estimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing: line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and ozone profiles. While pointing information is often retrieved from molecular oxygen lines, there is no oxygen line in the SMILES spectra, so the strong ozone line at 625.371 GHz has been chosen. The pointing parameters and the ozone profiles are retrieved from the line wings which are measured with high signal to noise ratio, whereas the temperature profile is retrieved from the optically thick line center. The main systematic component of the retrieval error was found to be the neglect of the non-linearity of the radiometric gain in the calibration procedure. This causes a temperature retrieval error of 5–10 K. Because of these large temperature errors, it is not possible to construct a reliable hydrostatic pressure profile. However, as a consequence of the retrieval of pointing parameters, pressure induced errors are significantly reduced if the retrieved trace gas profiles are represented on pressure levels instead of geometric altitude levels. Further, various setups of trace gas retrievals have been tested. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profile demonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained by using narrow spectral windows.

Field of study: Environmental science
Studies of incidence and prevalence of achalasia in the Nottingham area.

The incidence of achalasia in the Nottingham area between 1966 and 1983 has been examined using hospital diagnostic indices supplemented by personal endoscopy files. All patients were traced and the date of death recorded where relevant. A total of 53 cases was confirmed and the incidence was 0.51 cases/10(5)/year and the prevalence on 31 December 1983, was 8/10(5). The age-specific incidence of the disease increased in older groups. The duration of dysphagia before diagnosis was no less with greater availability of manometry and endoscopy.

Field of study: Medicine