nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying 8-mRNAsi Based Signature for Predicting Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Machine Learning

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been characterized by several exclusive features that include differentiation, self-renew, and homeostatic control, which allows tumor maintenance and spread. Recurrence and therapeutic resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have been identified to be attributed to CSCs. However, the biomarkers led to the development of HNSCC stem cells remain less defined. In this study, we quantified cancer stemness by mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi), and found that mRNAsi indices were higher in HNSCC tissues than that in normal tissue. A significantly higher mRNAsi was observed in HPV positive patients than HPV negative patients, as well as in male patients than in female patients. The 8-mRNAsi signature was identified from the genes in two modules which were mostly related to mRNAsi screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. In this prognostic signatures, high expression of RGS16, LYVE1, hnRNPC, ANP32A, and AIMP1 focus in promoting cell proliferation and tumor progression. While ZNF66, PIK3R3, and MAP2K7 are associated with a low risk of death. The riskscore of eight signatures have a powerful capacity for 1-, 3-, 5-year of overall survival prediction (5-year AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.85). These findings based on stemness indices may provide a novel understanding of target therapy for suppressing HNSCC stem cells.

Field of study: Biology
Late Pliocene sedimentation in Lake Baikal: implications for climatic and tectonic change in SE Siberia

Within the framework of the Baikal Drilling Project (BDP), a 192 m long sediment core (BDP-96-1) was recovered from the Academician Ridge, a submerged topographic high between the North and Central Basins of Lake Baikal. Sedimentological, clay mineralogical and geochemical investigations were carried out on the core interval between 90 and 124 m depth, corresponding to ca. 2.4–3.4 Ma. The aim was to reconstruct the climatic and tectonic history of the continental region during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation in Late Pliocene time. A major climate change occurred in the Lake Baikal area at about 2.65 Ma. Enhanced physical weathering in the catchment, mirrored in the illite to smectite ratio, and temporarily reduced bioproduction in the lake, reflected by the diatom abundance, evidence a change towards a colder and more arid climate, probably associated with an intensification of the Siberian High. In addition, the coincident onset of distinct fluctuations in these parameters and in the Zr/Al ratio suggests the beginning of the Late Cenozoic high amplitude climate cycles at about 2.65 Ma. Fluctuations in the Zr/Al ratio are traced back to changes in the aeolian input, with high values in warmer, more humid phases due to a weaker Siberian High. Assuming that the sand content in the sediment reflects tectonic pulses, the Lake Baikal area was tectonically active during the entire investigated period, but in particular around 2.65 Ma. Tectonic movements have likely led to a gradual catchment change since about 3.15 Ma from the western towards the eastern lake surroundings, as indicated in the geochemistry and clay mineralogy of the sediments. The strong coincidence between tectonic and climatic changes in the Baikal area hints at the Himalayan uplift being one of the triggers for the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
EFFECTS OF LOCAL CABLE VIBRATION ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES

Cable in cable-stayed bridges is flexible in transverse direction.Coupled cable-deck or cable-tower motion may occur under the excitation of earthquake which can affect the energy distribution and damping characteristics of the bridge.It is necessary to take into account the effects of local cable vibration in the seismic response analysis of cable-stayed bridges.Based on substructure and freedom condensation methods,local cable vibration can be incorporated in the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of cable-stayed bridges.A three dimensional finite element program is developed.The effects of local cable vibration on the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of cable-stayed bridge are studied.The results show that the introduction of local cable vibration leads to a decrease in the participation factors of longitudinal modes and remarkable increases in the acceleration,displacement,flexural moment and axial force of deck and tower.The displacements of short cables reduce while those of long cables increase.The dynamic cable tension magnifies.Local cable vibration phenomena are obvious in the time history of cable displacement and tension.

Field of study: Engineering
Editorial: technology advancement and research progress in orthopedic surgery.

Undoubtefully, orthopedics is one of the most technical surgical specialities. Modern orthopedic surgery took shape in the process of making use of the advanced science and the latest technological achievments of the time. It was and, in some respect, still continues to be, a story of clinical driven discovery placed in the forefront of science by the inquiring minds of orthopedic surgeons, in their quest for answering stringent clinical demands. In the mid 1960s Charnley introduced the hip prosthesis and the use of bone cement for implant fixation, aiming to treat the pain and disability produced by cartilage deterioration in advanced stages of osteoarthritis . Based on Chrnaley extensive knowledge and contibution in tribology, implant development was possible due flourishing metalurgy and polymer technology. Total joint replacement was than implemented and is continously refined today. Increasing surgeon expertise, follow up data gathered by means of national joint replacement registries as well as technological optimization are only few of the factors contributing to the wide spread of the procedure, Hard - hard friction couples, trabecular technology or biological coatings are continously improving the quality and lifetime of available prosthesis. Joint reconstructive surgery is nowadays the most succesful intervention in all times and all surgical specialities in terms of cost efficiency and patient satisfaction  In the middle 60s, when RW Jhonson and R.O Connor were taking the bulky video camera on their shoulder to inspect joints, it was an attempt to elucidate and document tricky cases of knee pathology. Trained by the pioneer of arthroscopy, Masuki Watanabe, they were setting the basis of a new diagnostic and operative method which was based on the optics and electronics technology. The technical improvment introduced by the digitalization of video capture, transmission and storage, has made possible the establishment of artroscopic surgery as a precise, minimal invasive procedure. A new range of possibilities in treating ligament meniscal and cartilage injuries therefore occured, allowing for restaurative approaches and improved postinterventional functional recovery. Torn cruciate ligaments in the knee or recurrent shouder dislocation are no longer a career end for sport professional due to the widespread of reconstructive

Field of study: Medicine
Theoretical study on Ni-like Ag X-ray laser driven by 30J energy

In this paper, the simulation and theoretical analysis of Ni-like Ag X-ray-laser (XRL) are included, which are driven by 1.06μm pre-main-pulse with a power of 1.2×10~(13)W/cm~2. It is verified that, employing 23mm target, XRL can obtain effective amplification, which agrees with experiments. Power nonuniformity along focus line, induced by single cylindrical lens, is also considered. According to theoretical simulation, adopting curve target can effectively overcome the effect of reflection and the disadvantage of this nonuniformity. Lower limit of drive power needed by output of Ni-like Ag XRL, predicted by theoretical simulation, also agrees with experiments. Theoretical simulation shows that, using 1% pre-pulse, if appropriate optimization of time interval between pre-and main pulse has been conducted, the output energy of XRL as well as conversion efficiency of energy can be dramatically enhanced.

Field of study: Physics
Late Glacial and Holocene vegetational history of the Altai Mountains (southwestern Tuva Republic, Siberia)

Two lakes of glacial origin (Grusha at 2413 m and Akkol at 2204 m) are located on a broad high-mountain plateau on the dry eastern end of the Russian Altai Mountains in the Republic of Tuva, just north of Mongolia. The present vegetation of the area is an open high-mountain tundra–steppe mosaic, with patches of Larix and Pinus sibirica forests on north-facing slopes 30 km northwest of the lakes. Alpine meadows occur near streams and snow patches. Pollen diagrams and radiocarbon dates (16 for Grusha and 12 for Akkol) were used to reconstruct the vegetational history since the last glaciation. The core from Grusha contains about 50 cm of Late Glacial sediment of relatively low organic content, mostly correlated with the Younger Dryas episode because of the high percentages of Artemisia, Gramineae, and Chenopodiaceae, along with a diversity of non-arboreal pollen types indicating tundra–steppe and meadow-steppe. In the earliest Holocene, starting with increased organic matter at about 195 cm (12,000 cal. yr BP), the Artemisia–Gramineae–Chenopodiaceae pollen assemblage continued, along with an increase in shrub Betula but without the diversity of minor non-arboreal types. The interpretation of dry and warm climate at this time is supported by the unconformity at Akkol, implying a dried lake. Then after about 1000 years the increase of Pinus sibirica, P. sylvestris, Picea obovata, and Abies sibirica suggests that forests developed in response to increased humidity, first at the higher-elevation Grusha, and then at Akkol. After about 6000 cal. yr BP the role of forests decreased sharply in the area. The Picea and Abies components almost disappeared, as they did also in more westerly areas of the Altai Mountains. Steppe elements increased along with alpine herbs, especially after 2000 cal. yr BP as a result of cooling or increased aridity, as well as probable human activity. Correlation of the vegetation sequence for the Tuva sites with those to the west in the central Altai Mountains indicates that the Late Glacial open landscapes persisted in the earliest Holocene but then were invaded by coniferous forests as a result of increased moisture and temperature associated with Atlantic storm systems as well as with insolation-enhanced Asian monsoon. Cooling and drying after about 6000 cal. yr BP brought the decline of Abies and Picea and the expansion of tundra–steppe.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Deep exclusive π+ electroproduction off the proton at CLAS

The exclusive electroproduction of π+ above the resonance region was studied using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Laboratory by scattering a 6GeV continuous electron beam off a hydrogen target. The large acceptance and good resolution of CLAS, together with the high luminosity, allowed us to measure the cross section for the γ*p → nπ+ process in 140 (Q2, xB, t) bins: 0.16 < xB < 0.58, 1.6 GeV2 < Q2 < 4.5 GeV2 and 0.1 GeV2 < −t < 5.3 GeV2. For most bins, the statistical accuracy is on the order of a few percent. Differential cross sections are compared to four theoretical models, based either on hadronic or on partonic degrees of freedom. The four models can describe the gross features of the data reasonably well, but differ strongly in their ingredients. In particular, the model based on Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) contain the interesting potential to experimentally access transversity GPDs.

Field of study: Physics
Characters of Springer representations on elliptic conjugacy classes

For a Weyl group W , we investigate simple closed formulas (valid on elliptic conjugacy classes) for the character of the representation of W in the homology of a Springer fiber. We also give a formula (valid again on elliptic conjugacy classes) of the W -character of an irreducible discrete series representation with real central character of a graded affine Hecke algebra with arbitrary parameters. In both cases, the Pin double cover of W and the Dirac operator for graded affine Hecke algebras play key roles.

Field of study: Mathematics
Connecting University and Student Teaching Experiences Through the Jackdaw Kit Project

The author shares the challenges faced in her social studies methods class due to the constraints of NCLB. By incorporating the jackdaw kit project within her social studies methods course, her candidates were able to connect what they were talking about in methods and apply it to their students teaching situations where there was little time for social studies instruction. The article details first-hand experiences and describes the contents of the jackdaw kits.

Field of study: Sociology
The relation between ROS and left ventricular hypertrophy in the rats with renovascular hypertension

目的 研究活性氧(ROS)的表达与肾血管性高血压(RVH)大鼠左室肥厚的关系,探讨ROS在RVH大鼠左室肥厚发生、发展中的作用.方法 将20只体重200g左右的雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为2组(n=10),建立两肾一夹肾血管性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚模型:对照组(SHAM)、实验组(2K1C),术后12周终止实验.结果 实验组收缩压(SBP)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、心脏重量指数、心肌胶原容积分...

Field of study: Medicine
Transcriptome Analysis Suggests the Roles of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs in the Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been considered to play a key regulatory role in various biological processes. An increasing number of studies have utilized transcriptome analysis to obtain lincRNAs with functions related to cancer, but lincRNAs affecting growth rates in weaned piglets are rarely described. Although lincRNAs have been systematically identified in various mouse tissues and cell lines, studies of lincRNA in pigs remain rare. Therefore, identifying and characterizing novel lincRNAs affecting the growth performance of weaned piglets is of great importance. Here, we reconstructed 101,988 lincRNA transcripts and identified 1,078 lincRNAs in two groups of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous fat (SF) based on published RNA-seq datasets. These lincRNAs exhibit typical characteristics, such as shorter lengths and lower expression relative to protein-encoding genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that some lincRNAs could be involved in weaned piglet related processes, such as insulin resistance and the AMPK signaling pathway. We also compared the positional relationship between differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) and found that some of DELs may play an important role in piglet growth and development. Our work details part of the lincRNAs that may affect the growth performance of weaned piglets and promotes future studies of lincRNAs for molecular-assisted development in weaned piglets.

Field of study: Biology
Effects of different root stocks on the growth and fruit quality of ‘Zuijinxiang' grape

In order to understand the influence of different root stocks on grape growth and fruit quality, ‘Zuijinxiang' grape was grafted onto three root stock varieties, ‘Beta', ‘Huanjia 8', and ‘SO4' and its performance was investigated. The results showed that root stock had a significant influence on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Zuijinxiang' grape. Among three scion/rootstock combinations, Zuijinxiang/Huajia8 showed no obvious overgrowth above or below the graft union and had the largest leaf area, highest chlorophyll content, and highest yield. Fruits from these grapes contained the highest soluble solid content and the lowest titratable acid content. The performance of Zuijinxiang/SO4 was poor. Zuijinxiang/Beta showed obvious overgrowth above the graft union, weak growth vigor, lowest yield and the fruit quality was the worst with the highest titratable acid content. The order for the growth and fruit quality of the three scion/rootstock combinations from the best to the worst was Zuijinxiang/Huajia8Zuijinxiang/SO4Zuijinxiang/Beta.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Geochronology of the Karadere basement (NW Turkey) and implications for the geological evolution of the Istanbul zone

Earlier geological work in the Istanbul zone, western Pontide tectonic belt, has revealed the presence of extensive basement outcrops exposed underneath Palaeozoic and Mesozoic to Tertiary cover sequences. The basement of suspected Neoproterozoic age plays an important role in understanding the crustal accretion process in NW Turkey. We report the first results of a detailed Pb–Pb and U–Pb zircon study complemented by Nd–Sr whole rock and mineral data from basement rocks exposed in the Karadere valley, Safranbolu area. Five samples were selected for this study, comprising three metagranitoids and two metasediments. Zircon geochronology indicates that the metagranitoids were formed during Late Proterozoic pan-African magmatic events between 590 and 560 Ma. The rocks are of tonalitic and granitic composition and have low Nb/Y ratios and Ti contents, consistent with those of arc rocks. A continental arc setting is supported by their Sr and Nd isotope data that indicate a contribution of a mantle source as well as crustal assimilation during magma genesis. The metasediments can clearly be distinguished from the metagranitoids by their higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios and lower εNd-values at 580 Ma, which supports the suggestion that the arc was underlain by mature continental crust. Zircons from the metasediments yield a range of Pb–Pb ages between 1,860 and 710 Ma. Thirty per cent of them fall between 890 and 710 Ma, possibly suggesting a derivation from Gondwana (Afro-Arabian) regions. A Sm–Nd garnet–whole rock analysis obtained on a metagranite gives an age of 559±8 Ma, which either reflects pre-metamorphic magmatic growth of garnet in a felsic melt or a syntectonic high-temperature metamorphic event. Uplift and cooling of the basement is further constrained by Rb–Sr biotite ages of 548–545 Ma. These lower Cambrian mineral ages demonstrate that the Istanbul zone was not thermally reactivated during the Hercynian, Cimmerian or Alpine orogeny, in contrast to its neighbouring tectonic zones, confirming its role as a suspect terrane in the modern western Pontide tectonic belt.

Field of study: Environmental science
Experimental Deformation and Folding in Phyllite

A phyllite has been experimentally deformed in various orientations at room temperature and high confining pressure (mainly 5 kb). It glides easily on the foliation in favorable orientations. However, when the foliation is oriented nearly parallel to the direction of compression, folds of similar form are extensively developed, especially when the specimen is constrained in a thick metal jacket. The folds have axial planes of several orientations and include kinks, conjugate folds, and more tightly appressed similar folds. The latter have axial planes approximately perpendicular to the original orientation of the foliation and are shown to evolve from the interaction of oppositely inclined kink bands. Up to about 50 per cent shortening, the deformation proceeds by growth of the kinked regions, within which little further strain occurs, rather than by progressive deformation simultaneously in all regions. All the structures developed bear close resemblance to natural structures, suggesting geometrically similar evolution in spite of different conditions of pressure, temperature, and time. The evolution of flexural slip folding is discussed in detail for a model in which the only fundamental mechanism of deformation is glide on a unique set of parallel planes ("ideal foliated body"), assuming that the body initially yields by kinking in a regular manner. The structural evolution observed experimentally is well fitted to a first approximation by this ideal model, although departures in detail indicate that some other mechanisms of deformation are effective locally. In considering various geological implications, it is suggested that kinklike flexural slip folding may play a more important part in the evolution of natural similar folds than has been hitherto recognized.

Field of study: Geology
An unsteady peristaltic transport phenomenon of non-Newtonian fluid - A generalised approach

Peristaltic transport of a non-Newtonian power law fluid characterised by the streaming blood through an axisymmetric tapered tubular vessel is studied under long wave length approximation. The flow is considered to be unsteady and two-dimensional so that both the axial and the radial velocity components of the fluid come into play. The generalised constitutive relations for the power law fluid are thoroughly encountered in the present analysis. The input pressure–radius relationship based on the assumption of the incompressibility and viscoelasticity of the vascular wall material in conformity to the experimental observations is given much attention in order to have resemblance to the in vivo situation. The nonlinear equations of motion governing the peristaltic transport phenomena are properly discretised with the use of suitable finite difference explicit scheme. The resulting difference equations are solved numerically by exploiting the appropriate initial and boundary conditions resulting from the physical and the biomechanical point of view. An extensive quantitative analysis is performed through numerical computations of the desired quantities of interest in order to estimate the effects of nonlinear inertial forces, the wall viscoelasticity, the tapering angle and the unsteadiness on the flow phenomena indicating their own role of importance in peristaltic transportation.

Field of study: Mathematics
Every Step You Take

SUBTITILE:...WE'LL BE WATCHING YOU. THAT'S THE MESSAGE TO THE LARGE EUROPEAN AIRLINES FROM THE CONTINENT'S LEAN AND HUNGRY LOW-COST AIRLINES OVER THE ISSUE OF STATE AID TO AIRLINES IN THE AFTERMATH OF SEPTEMBER 11. IAN ROSE AND ANDREW MURIEL ASK, WHAT WILL BE CLASSED AS A HELP-OUT AND WHAT WILL BE A BAIL-OUT.

Field of study: Business
Losing Autonomy: The Norwegian Central Bank During the Second World War

In the mid&#8208;twentieth century a number of central banks around the western world lost their operational autonomy and were placed under government control. The origin of these policy changes can be traced to the intellectual and political developments of the interwar era in addition to the introduction of the Bretton Woods monetary system. The Norwegian central bank offers a particularly stark example of this phenomenon: experiencing a rapid decline from its high level of autonomy in the interwar years, to a clear subordination to the government after 1945. Through an analysis of the correspondence between the main policy makers in the exiled Norwegian government and central bank management, this article contributes to the understanding of central bank autonomy by tracing the decisive factors that led to the Norwegian central bank's loss of agency.

Field of study: Economics, History
STRUCTURAL KINETIC MODEL OF PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF PARAFFINS AND ITS SIMULATION

The kinetic parameters of main elementary reactions for pyrolysis of paraffins are predicted according lo the dependence of structure -reactivity proposed by the authors. The pyrolysis for a mixture of ethane-propane based on different reaction networks are simulated and compared with pilot data. Thus a reaction network which can describe the process properly and really and has a smaller reaction number is proposed in this paper. Gear method is used to solve the structural kinetic model of C4 paraffin pyrolysis. The predicted product distributions based on the model agree well with pilot data published in the literature.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science