nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Mathematics Teachers' Self-Efficacy Levels Concerning the Teaching Process.

The purpose of this study is to identify mathematics teachers’ opinions on the teaching process self-efficacy levels; and to examine mathematics teachers’ teaching process self-efficacy beliefs with regards to specific variables. The study was conducted in Turkey during the second term of the 2015-2016 academic year. The study sample consisted of 328 mathematics teachers working in secondary and high schools. The “scale for teacher self-efficacy on the teaching process” developed by Korkmaz and Unsal (2015) was used as the data collection instrument for the study. The scale consists of 23 items and four dimensions. These dimensions are  individual difference, planning, method and technique diversity and use of various activities. Arithmetic mean (  ), independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were conducted in analyzing the data. In addition, the Lsd test was conducted in cases where a difference was detected in the anova test so as to identify between which groups the difference occurred. According to the study results, it was observed that mathematics teachers stated opinions on having high self-efficacy beliefs concerning the teaching process, that these opinions differed based on the gender, year of service, level of school of profession variables and that these opinions did not differ based on the type of school of graduation, educational background and type of school variables. The results were compared with other study results and were discussed. Suggestions were made based on the results in the final section of the study.  self-efficacy, teacher self-efficacy belief, teaching process

Field of study: Education
Screening for stress-resistance mutations in the mouse

Longevity is correlated with stress resistance in many animal models. However, previous efforts through the boosting of the antioxidant defense system did not extend life span, suggesting that longevity related stress resistance is mediated by other uncharacterized pathways. We have developed a high-throughput platform for screening and rapid identification of novel genetic mutants in the mouse that are stress resistant. Selection for resistance to stressors occurs in mutagenized mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are carefully treated so as to maintain pluripotency for mouse production. Initial characterization of these mutant ES cells revealed mutations in Pigl, Tiam1, and Rffl, among others. These genes are implicated in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis, NADPH oxidase function, and inflammation. These mutants: (1) are resistant to two different oxidative stressors, paraquat and the omission of 2-mercaptoethanol, (2) have reduced levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), (3) are capable of generating live mice, and (4) transmit the stress resistance phenotype to the mice. This strategy offers an efficient way to select for new mutants expressing a stress resistance phenotype, to rapidly identify the causative genes, and to develop mice for in vivo studies.

Field of study: Biology
Clarifier les valeurs et préférences des patients pour éclairer la prise de décision partagée sur le dépistage préventif

Dans le cadre d’une serie d’articles sur la mise en œuvre des recommandations des lignes directrices sur les soins de sante preventifs, les 2 premiers articles traitaient de la communication des torts et des bienfaits et de la prise de decision partagee[1][1],[2][2]. Dans ce dernier

Field of study: Medicine
An Analysis of Signals De-noising by Using CEEMDAN

Dynamical properties of mechanical systems can be obtained with the vibration signals from the systems. However, noises makes it difficult to accurately acquire the features of systems. Therefore, de-noising operation is significant step for analysis of vibration signal in the practical engineering. In order to resolve this problem, the Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMDAN) method is introduced to try to eliminate noises from the analyzed signal. At first, we illustrate the theory of the method. On this base, the signal, which contains several harmonic components with white noise, is constructed, and processed by CEEMDAN. As the result shown, the method can effectively remove noise; moreover, the harmonic components can be accurately separated. And these indicate that the CEEMDAN is an effective method for the de-noising.

Field of study: Engineering
Characterization of an antibody directed against a 128 kDa glycoprotein involved in the thrombogenicity of the elastin-associated microfibrils.

We have developed a monospecific antiserum directed against a major glycoprotein in the elastin-associated microfibrils with an apparent molecular mass of 128 kDa (GP 128). When immunoblotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay was used, its IgGs recognized thrombospondin in a platelet lysate, but did not react with several basement-membrane-derived macromolecules, nor with plasma fibronectin. Similar patterns of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase were found after incubation of endothelial cells with either anti-GP 128 or anti-(platelet thrombospondin) IgGs. Both antibodies inhibited the microfibrils- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and were without effect on the aggregation by other inducers. These results confirm that there is an antigenic homology between GP 128 and thrombospondin.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Iris Murdoch (review)

change in postwar society. A feminist sensibility would enable the Pym advocate to question the criteria that assigns Pym the marginal status of "miniaturist." Rossen concludes her study with a disappointing final assessment: "Pym's fiction will probably fall ultimately into the category of 'minor, but elegant'Â—its oldfashioned, quaint quality does not obscure its value, but her scope is too narrow to exalt her to the category of major novelist." Feminist critics might argue that the traditional labels of "major" and "minor"Â—a tactical designation that frequently and effectively dismisses serious consideration of women's writingÂ—is problematic and highly suspect. If a patriarchal aesmetic assigns minor status to writers concerned with the detail, the "little things in life," that aesthetic must be challenged. A feminist appraisal, one that would not equate the detail with the trivial, could locate Pym's greatest strength in her obsession with the detail. Rossen characterizes her own project as a starting-point and invites a vigorous continuation of Pym studies. This well-written study, with strong, illuminating readings, provides such a foundation.

Field of study: Art
Disentangling the contributions of osmotic and ionic effects of salinity on stomatal, mesophyll, biochemical and light limitations to photosynthesis.

There are conflicting opinions on the relative importance of photosynthetic limitations under salinity. Quantitative limitation analysis of photosynthesis provides insight into the contributions of different photosynthetic limitations, but it has only been applied under saturating light conditions. Using experimental data and modelling approaches, we examined the influence of light intensity on photosynthetic limitations and quantified the osmotic and ionic effects of salinity on stomatal (LS ), mesophyll (LM ), biochemical (LB ) and light (LL ) limitations in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under different light intensities. Non-linear dependencies of LS , LM and LL to light intensity were found. Osmotic effects on LS and LM increased with the salt concentration in the nutrient solution (Ss ) and the magnitude of LM depended on light intensity. LS increased with the Na(+) concentration in the leaf water (Sl ) and its magnitude depended on Ss . Biochemical capacity declined linearly with Sl but, surprisingly, the relationship between LB and Sl was influenced by Ss . Our results suggest that (1) improvement of stomatal regulation under ionic stress would be the most effective way to alleviate salinity stress in cucumber and (2) osmotic stress may alleviate the ionic effects on LB but aggravate the ionic effects on LS .

Field of study: Environmental science
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of vortices in high temperature superconductors

The distinct distribution of local magnetic fields due to superconducting vortices can be detected with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and used to investigate vortices and related physical properties of extreme type II superconductivity. This review summarizes work on high temperature superconductors (HTS) including cuprates and pnictide materials. Recent experimental results are presented which reveal the nature of vortex matter and novel electronic states. For example, the NMR spectrum has been found to provide a sharp indication of the vortex melting transition. In the vortex solid a frequency dependent spin-lattice relaxation has been reported in cuprates, including YBa2Cu3O7−x, Bi2SrCa2Cu2O8+δ, and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ. These results have initiated a new spectroscopy via Doppler shifted nodal quasiparticles for the investigation of vortices. At very high magnetic fields this approach is a promising method for the study of vortex core excitations. These measurements have been used to quantify an induced spin density wave near the vortex cores in Bi2SrCa2Cu2O8+δ. Although the cuprates have a different superconducting order parameter than the iron arsenide superconductors there are, nonetheless, some striking similarities between them regarding vortex dynamics and frequency dependent relaxation.

Field of study: Physics
“Bad Things Happened”: How Children of the Digital Age Make Sense of Violent Current Events

Digital technologies collapse distance and accelerate the speed at which information travels. This has made it easier for children to encounter violent clashes from across the globe. Thus, the digital era has raised new questions for educators about how to teach current events in an increasingly globalized world. When children have easy access to information, how do they make sense of what they see and hear? When world events take a violent turn, what cognitive and emotional sense-making strategies do children employ? And, in light of children’s developing thoughts and feelings about global affairs, what role should educators play in helping children make sense of violent current events? This research explores these questions by examining one particular case of children’s understanding of violent current events. Through interviews and storytelling exercises it investigates how a group of Jewish children in the United States attempted to make sense of the 2014 war between Israel and Hamas, interrogating the cognitive and emotional sense-making strategies that the children employed. In doing so it highlights the opportunities and challenges of current events education at a time of unprecedented global connectivity.

Field of study: Sociology
Abundant cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactive clonotypes in the CD8+ T cell receptor alpha repertoire following allogeneic transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is potentially curative, but associated with post‐transplantation complications, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. An effective immune response requires T cells recognizing CMV epitopes via their T cell receptors (TCRs). Little is known about the TCR repertoire, in particular the TCR‐α repertoire and its clinical relevance in patients following stem cell transplantation. Using next‐generation sequencing we examined the TCR‐α repertoire of CD8+ T cells and CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells in four patients. Additionally, we performed single‐cell TCR‐αβ sequencing of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells. The TCR‐α composition of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A*0201 CMVpp65– and CMVIE‐specific T cells was oligoclonal and defined by few dominant clonotypes. Frequencies of single clonotypes reached up to 11% of all CD8+ T cells and half of the total CD8+ T cell repertoire was dominated by few CMV‐reactive clonotypes. Some TCR‐α clonotypes were shared between patients. Gene expression of the circulating CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells was consistent with chronically activated effector memory T cells. The CD8+ T cell response to CMV reactivation resulted in an expansion of a few TCR‐α clonotypes to dominate the CD8+ repertoires. These results warrant further larger studies to define the ability of oligoclonally expanded T cell clones to achieve an effective anti‐viral T cell response in this setting.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Antimicrobial Properties and Cytocompatibility of PLGA/Ag Nanocomposites

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of multifunctional nanocomposites based on poly(dl-Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) and increasing concentration of silver (Ag) nanoparticles and their effects on cell viability for biomedical applications. PLGA nanocomposite films, produced by solvent casting with 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 7 wt% of Ag nanoparticles were investigated and surface properties were characterized by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Antibacterial tests were performed using an Escherichia coli RB and Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 strains. The cell viability and morphology were performed with a murine fibroblast cell line (L929) and a human osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2) by cell viability assay and electron microscopy observations. Matrix protein secretion and deposition were also quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results suggest that the PLGA film morphology can be modified introducing a small percentage of silver nanoparticles, which induce the onset of porous round-like microstructures and also affect the wettability. The PLGA/Ag films having silver nanoparticles of more than 3 wt% showed antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, silver-containing PLGA films displayed also a good cytocompatibility when assayed with L929 and SAOS-2 cells; indicating the PLGA/3Ag nanocomposite film as a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications.

Field of study: Materials science
Gap analysis of two savanna-type ecoregions: a two-scale floristic approach applied to the Llanos de Moxos and Beni Cerrado, Bolivia

The Beni savannas (locally referred to as pampas) is composed of two clearly differentiated ecoregions, the Llanos de Moxos (or Moxos) and the Beni Cerrado. Both tropical savannas are shaped to a greater (Moxos) or lesser (Beni Cerrado) by cycles of drought and flood and the labor of generation of farmers. It contains floristic elements of four biogeographic regions (Amazonian, Chaco, Cerrado and Chiquitana). However, in spite of their biological richness, they are little represented in the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP, in Spanish). By employing an ecoregion and sub-ecoregion approach, we examined the representation of both savanna-type ecoregions in the Departmental System of Protected Areas (SDAP, in Spanish), which includes national, departmental, municipal, and private protected areas. The study also enabled us to compare Bolivia’s newest ecoregion/vegetation zones maps as applied to the both savannas and to produce a sub-ecoregion map for the Beni department (northeastern Bolivia). Our results show that the Llanos de Moxos and the Beni Cerrado are found in protected areas of departmental and municipal level. Although they are still under-represented (mainly the Beni Cerrado), they have nonetheless important extensions inside these protected areas. A better representation of these zones would guarantee improved levels of protection of these unique ecosystems. On the other hand, our study shows the importance of the conservation-representation target relationships (sensu Rodrigues et al. 2004). This is the first time that this approach is used to examine gaps of floristic representativeness of savanna-type ecoregions showing that the traditional 10% minimal conservation target should be used with caution.

Field of study: Environmental science
Reconfigurable Routing Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant 2D Mesh NoCs

Presented a reconfigurable fault-tolerance routing algorithm for 2D Mesh NoCs,which can be reconfigured to adapt to the modification of the topology due to faulty routers resulting from manufacture defects and wearing out problems through lifetime,and provides the required communication for the remaining healthy nodes in spite of failures.Platform-based SystemC simulation shows its less network latency compared to traditional fault-tolerant routing algorithm.Meanwhile,deadlock-freedom and reconfigure mechanism issues are addressed.The proposed routing algorithm is highly scalable that the hardware cost of each router keeps constant independent of system size,and the fault-tolerance capability is also enhanced.

Field of study: Computer science
Revisiting the Phylogenetic History of Helminths Through Genomics, the Case of the New Echinococcus oligarthrus Genome

The first parasitic helminth genome sequence was published in 2007; since then, only ∼200 genomes have become available, most of them being draft assemblies. Nevertheless, despite the medical and economical global impact of helminthic infections, parasite genomes in public databases are underrepresented. Recently, through an integrative approach involving morphological, genetic, and ecological aspects, we have demonstrated that the complete life cycle of Echinococcus oligarthrus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) is present in South America. The neotropical E. oligarthrus parasite is capable of developing in any felid species and producing human infections. Neotropical echinococcosis is poorly understood yet and requires a complex medical examination to provide the appropriate intervention. Only a few cases of echinococcosis have been unequivocally identified and reported as a consequence of E. oligarthrus infections. Regarding phylogenetics, the analyses of mitogenomes and nuclear datasets have resulted in discordant topologies, and there is no unequivocal taxonomic classification of Echinococcus species so far. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the genome of E. oligarthrus that was isolated from agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae) naturally infected and performed the first comparative genomic study of a neotropical Echinococcus species. The E. oligarthrus genome assembly consisted of 86.22 Mb which showed ∼90% identity and 76.3% coverage with Echinococcus multilocularis and contained the 85.0% of the total expected genes. Genetic variants analysis of whole genome revealed a higher rate of intraspecific genetic variability (23,301 SNPs; 0.22 SNPs/kb) rather than for the genomes of E. multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis G7 but lower with respect to Echinococcus granulosus G1. Comparative genomics against E. multilocularis, E. granulosus G1, and E. canadensis G7 revealed 38,762, 125,147, and 170,049 homozygous polymorphic sites, respectively, indicating a higher genetic distance between E. oligarthrus and E. granulosus sensu lato species. The SNP distribution in chromosomes revealed a higher SNP density in the longest chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis using whole-genome SNPs demonstrated that E. oligarthrus is one of the basal species of the genus Echinococcus and is phylogenetically closer to E. multilocularis. This work sheds light on the Echinococcus phylogeny and settles the basis to study sylvatic Echinococcus species and their developmental evolutionary features.

Field of study: Biology
Surface-resistance measurements using superconducting stripline resonators.

We present a method to measure the absolute surface resistance of conductive samples at a set of GHz frequencies with superconducting lead stripline resonators at temperatures 1-6 K. The stripline structure can easily be applied for bulk samples and allows direct calculation of the surface resistance without the requirement of additional calibration measurements or sample reference points. We further describe a correction method to reduce experimental background on high-Q resonance modes by exploiting TEM-properties of the external cabling. We then show applications of this method to the reference materials gold, tantalum, and tin, which include the anomalous skin effect and conventional superconductivity. Furthermore, we extract the complex optical conductivity for an all-lead stripline resonator to find a coherence peak and the superconducting gap of lead.

Field of study: Physics
The Influence of Cognitive Loads (Low and High) of Multimedia in Direct Learning and Leraning Style to the Results of Reading Comprehension for the Second Grade of Senoir High School Students

This study aims to analyze (1) the differences in learning result between groups of learners who are taught using low and high cognitive loaded multimedia in direct learning; (2) the differences in learning result among learners who have visual, auditory and kinesthetic styles; and (3) the interaction of cognitive load (low and high) usage in direct learning and learning styles to reading comprehension learning result.This study uses quasi experiments with factorial design (2x3) involving two groups of subjects, taking into account the moderator variables that may influence experiments on the results obtained. The study subjects were chosen randomly and then predicated. Two select subject groups received different treatment, group 1, were taught using low cognitive loaded and group 2 multimedia, were taught using high cognitive loaded multimedia. Both hypotheses were tested using a two-lane variance analysis technique (ANOVA). All statistical analyzes used the SPSS 20.0 statistical program and all null hypothesis testing was performed at a significance level of 5%.The results showed that: (1) there was a difference in learning result among high school class XI students, between groups of learners who were taught using low cognitive and low cognitive loaded multimedia in direct learning. Learning groups using low-cognitive burdened multimedia provide higher learning result than learning groups that are taught using high cognitive-loaded multimedia (2) there is a difference in learning result among high school class XI students, between learners' groups who have visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles; and (3) there is interaction of cognitive (low & high) cognitive load usage in direct learning and learning style to learning comprehension result of the second grade of senior high school students  class.Based on the research findings, some suggestions are given to the learner: (a) the learner should carefully design the lesson and develop guidelines at each stage of the learning process; (b) the learner should be advised to learn the teaching materials and the student’s worksheet before the learning process to explore the initial idea. For further research, it is hoped that there will be classroom action research to get the quality of process of learning based on technology and media more optimally, so it can be depicted the effectiveness level of certain cognitive loaded multimedia usage in direct learning.  multimedia cognitive load, direct learning, learning style, reading comprehension, reading result

Field of study: Education