nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the dielectric properties of potassium iodate polycrystals

Linear and nonlinear dielectric properties of KIO3 polycrystalline samples are investigated. It is shown that linear dielectric permittivity ε' displays four anomalies corresponding to phase transitions in KIO3. Anomalies of third-harmonic coefficient γ3ω are observed at temperatures of 113, 263, and 345 K, corresponding to phase transitions between KIO3 ferroelectric phases. It is established that the third-harmonic coefficient responsible for the nonlinearity of dielectric properties displays no anomalies during the transition to the paraelectric phase of KIO3 at approximately 485 K. Possible reasons for there being no such anomaly are discussed.

Field of study: Physics
Violent Comic Books and Perceptions of Ambiguous Provocation Situations

This study investigated the effects of reading very violent versus mildly violent comic books on the interpretation of ambiguous provocation situations, independent of trait hostility. 119 introductory psychology students read either a violent comic book, Curse of the Spawn, or a mildly violent comic book, Archie & Friends. After reading the comic books, participants read six short stories in which a child caused a negative event to happen to another child, but the intent of the peer causing this negative event was ambiguous. After each story, participants were asked a series of questions about the harmdoer's intent, potential retaliation toward the harm-doer, and about the harmdoer's emotional state. Responses were coded in terms of amount of negative and violent content. Results indicate that those male participants reading the violent comic books responded more negatively on the ambiguous provocation story questions than male participants reading the mildly violent comic books. For females, responding was primarily governed by trait hostility. These data suggest that hostile attributional bias may be influenced by gender, trait hostility, and exposure to violent media.

Field of study: Psychology
Genistein Enhances or Reduces Glycosaminoglycan Quantity in a Cell Type-Specific Manner

Genistein is a natural isoflavone enriched in soybeans. It has beneficial effects for patients with mucopolysaccharidose type III through inhibiting glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. However, other studies indicate that genistein does not always inhibit glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.  To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, CHOK1, CHO3.1, CHO3.3, and HCT116 cells were treated with genistein and the monosaccharide compositions and quantity of all glycans from the cell lysate were measured after thorough acid hydrolysis followed by HPLC analysis. In addition, the glycosaminoglycan disaccharide compositions were obtained by stable isotope labeling coupled with LC/MS analysis.  Genistein treatment reduced the amount of glycans but increased the amount of glycosaminoglycans in HCT116 cells. In contrast, genistein treatment reduced both glycan and glycosaminoglycan quantities in CHOK1, CHO3.1, and CHO3.3 cells in addition to differential changes in glycosaminoglycan disaccharide compositions.  Genistein treatment reduced overall glycan quantity but glycosaminoglycan quantities were either increased or decreased in a cell type-dependent manner.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Cross Layer Design for Video Streaming in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are becoming more essential to wireless communications due to growing popularity of mobile devices. However, MANETs do not seem to effectively support multimedia applications and especially video transmission. In this work, we propose a cross-layer design that aims to improve the performance of video transmission using TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC). Our design provides priority to video packets and exploits information from the MAC layer in order to improve TFRC's performance. The proposed cross-layer design utilizes SNR measurements along the routing path, in order to make the route reconstruction procedure more efficient. Simulation results show that both the use of traffic classification and the SNR utilization lead to important improvements in terms of end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS).

Field of study: Computer science
Fostering the Development of Reading Skill Through Supplemental Instruction

This article reports the effects of a 2-year supplemental reading program for students in kindergarten through third grade that focused on the development of decoding skills and reading fluency. Two hundred ninety-nine students were identified for participation and were randomly assigned to the supplemental instruction or to a no-treatment control group. Participants' reading ability was assessed in the fall, before the first year of the intervention, and again in the spring of Years 1, 2, 3, and 4. At the end of the 2-year intervention, students who received the supplemental instruction performed significantly better than their matched controls on measures of entry-level reading skills (i.e., letter—word identification and word attack), oral reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. The benefits of the instruction were still clear 2 years after instruction had ended, with students in the supplemental-instruction condition still showing significantly greater growth on the measure of oral reading fluency. Hispanic students benefited from the supplemental reading instruction in English as much as or more than non-Hispanic students. Results support the value of supplemental instruction focused on the development of word recognition skills for helping students at risk for reading failure.

Field of study: Education
Infinitely many solutions for Schrödinger-Maxwell equations with indefinite sign subquadratic potentials

In this paper, we deal with multiplicity of solutions of a class of sublinear Schrodinger-Maxwell equations-@Du+V(x)u+@fu=f(x,u),inR^3,-@D@f=u^2,lim|x|->~@f(x)=0,inR^3.Under more relaxed assumptions on V and f, we establish some existence criteria to guarantee that the above problem has at least one or infinitely many nontrivial solutions by using the genus properties in critical theory.

Field of study: Mathematics
Degradation of scanned-electron-beam-alloyed Ohmic contacts on n-GaAs

Degradation of scanned-electron-beam- (SEB) and furnace-alloyed AuGe-Ni Ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs with time, above room temperature, has been studied with and without current flow through the contacts. The degradation is characterised in terms of contact resistivity, source-to-drain resistance Rsd, and surface and subsurface morphology. The results show that SEB-alloyed contacts are more stable than furnace-alloyed contacts when aging is performed at temperatures below 300 degrees C without current flow, and the smooth surface morphology of the SEB-alloyed contacts is lost when they are aged above 300 degrees C. SEB-alloyed contacts show an overall reducing contact resistivity with aging time. In the case of gradual degradation of contacts due to current flow above room temperature, for typical GaAs field-effect-transistor contact structures, the SEB-alloyed contacts do not show any performance advantage over furnace-alloyed contacts. The threshold voltage for metal migration from the drain (anode) to the source (cathode) resulting in catastrophic breakdown of the device is found to be the same for furnace- and SEB-alloyed contacts.

Field of study: Materials science
Nuns, Images, and the Ideals of Women's Monasticism: Two Paintings from the Cistercian Convent of Flines*

This study explores the dynamics between visual images and expectations for feminine monasticism in northern Europe via two paintings from the Cistercian convent of Flines. It argues that abbess Jeanne de Boubais commissioned the images for clerics who had promoted reform of Flines, in order to suggest compliance with the mandates of the program and the integral place of the convent within Cistercian monasticism. In the wake of the dissolution of several convents that had resisted reform, conveying a desire to yield to the Order must have seemed crucial for the community's survival.

Field of study: History
Towards the characterisation of heavy metals in dredged canal sediments and an appreciation of 'availability': two examples from the UK.

Canal sediments can act as sinks for a wide range of contaminants including heavy metals from various sources (e.g. industrial and waste water discharges). Dredging of canals is required to maintain navigational depth and prevent flooding. The sediments removed from canals are often disposed of to land, being deposited either straight on to the banks of the canal or, in recent years, in licensed disposal sites. The aim of this work was to investigate the nature of dredged sediment-derived soils and the heavy metals present in them. Two disposal sites in the United Kingdom (UK) were investigated and soil samples taken. A variety of analytical techniques were used, including Aqua regia digestion and sequential extraction, in order to assess the concentrations and associations of metals present. Diethylene triaminepenta-acetic acid extracts, performed to illustrate plant-available metal concentrations, reveal that up to 40% of the total extracted metals were in an 'available' form. Variations in metal concentrations with depth in the soil cores show a significant correlation with total organic carbon content.

Field of study: Environmental science
Relationship between guaranteed rate server and latency rate server

To analyze scheduling algorithms in computer networks, two models have been proposed and widely used in the literature, namely the Guaranteed Rate (GR) server model and the Latency Rate (LR) server model. While a lot scheduling algorithms have been proved to belong to GR or LR or both, it is not clear what is the relationship between them. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this relationship. We prove that if a scheduling algorithm belongs to GR, it also belongs to LR and vice versa. In addition, we review several other models that are also used for analysis of scheduling algorithms and discuss their relationship with LR model and GR model.

Field of study: Computer science
HEALTH MONITORING AND ANALYSIS ON HIGH SLOPE ANCHOR LATTICE BEAM SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

In the area of Longnan, Gansu province, slope engineering safety issues have become increasingly prominent, and it is necessary to monitor and warn the slope works. A comprehensive three-dimensional automatic slope monitoring system was established, based on a high slope reinforcement works instance of Zhouqu reconstruction project after a disaster. Through monitoring and analyzing on the slope of stress and displacement, we found the slope's changes in the characteristics and laws during the construction and operational phases. During the initial phrase, the slope support, stress, and displacement amplitude are greater. With the mutual adjustment of internal support structure and rock slope, both changes were stabilized. Since the end of the slope support, maximum displacement speed is 0.24mm/d,﹤0.5mm/d, and maximum displacement accumulated variation is less than 10 mm. Maximum acceleration is 0.31mm/d2; the force and deformation of lattice beams are in the elastic range; the slope changes of internal horizontal displacement are small. Integrated the monitoring results, it can be drawn that an anchor lattice beam can play an effective reinforcement role, and that during the operational phase, this slope is in a stable state. The test has certain reference value for the reinforcement design and monitoring analysis of similar slopes in the future.

Field of study: Engineering
Regional Maximum Entropy Theory of Vortex Crystal Formation

Experiments on pure electron plasmas have found that the decay of 2D turbulence can lead to spontaneous formation of “vortex crystals,” which are symmetric arrays of strong vortices within a background of weaker vorticity. In this paper we show that these vortex crystals can be described as regional maximum fluid entropy states. The theory explains the observed patterns of the vortex crystals as well as the vorticity distribution of the background.  The evolution of these fluids is described by the 2D Euler equation ›t v1 v ?= v › 0, where vsr, td › ˆ z ?=3

Field of study: Physics
Mathematical modelling of salt purification by recrystallization. Estimation of the recrystallization factor for countercurrent arrangement

L'analyse des bilans massiques d'un microcomposant fournit une relation de la composition du produit en fonction du nombre d'etages de recristallisation et des conditions de recristallisation reduits a un seul parametre appele facteur de recristallisation. Ces estimations permettent de determiner si le procede est technologiquement faisable et s'il l'est, de determiner les conditions de cristallisation

Field of study: Chemistry
Is There Still a Place for Continuous Closed Irrigation in the Management of Periprosthetic Total Knee Infection?

In recent decades, many technical improvements have been achieved in the use of prosthetic joints, and the risk of infection has been greatly reduced, to current rates of 0.4-2.0% following primary knee replacement. However, the increasing rate of joint replacements being performed means that the absolute number of such infections remains significant and poses substantial costs to healthcare systems worldwide. Accordingly, further strategies to treat and prevent total joint infections should be investigated. Infections following knee replacements can compromise the function and durability of arthroplasty. When these infections occur during the immediate postoperative period, irrigation and debridement with component retention can be attempted to salvage the implant. This is an attractive, cheap, low-morbidity treatment for periprosthetic knee infection. However, the results published regarding this procedure are uneven; some studies report the eradication of prosthetic joint infection by debridement alone in 70-90% of cases but conversely, others have reported a high failure rate for this procedure, averaging 68% (61-82%). The difference could be attributed in part to the multiplicity of variables that may influence the success of the procedure. One such is that of treatment with a continuous irrigation system, which has the theoretical advantage of enabling the administration of antimicrobial agents, as well as the drainage of debris and blood clots. The objective of this study is to elucidate the overall efficacy of irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention in infected total knee arthroplasty and to determine whether the addition of a continuous irrigation system influences this efficacy.

Field of study: Medicine
Highest weight categories and Macdonald polynomials

The aim of this paper is to introduce the categorical setup which helps us to relate the theory of Macdonald polynomials and the theory of Weyl modules for current Lie algebras discovered by V.\,Chari and collaborators. 
We identify Macdonald pairing with the homological pairing on the ring of characters of the Lie algebra of currents $\mathbf{g}\otimes\mathbb{C}[x,\xi]$. We use this description in order to define complexes of modules whose Euler characteristic of characters coincide with Macdonald polynomials. We generalize this result to the case of graded Lie algebras with anti-involution. We show that whenever the BGG reciprocity holds for the corresponding category of modules then these complexes collapse to the modules concentrated in homological degree $0$. The latter modules generalizes the notion of Weyl modules for current Lie algebras and the notion of Verma modules in the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$. We give different criterions of BGG reciprocity and apply them to the Lie algebra of currents $\mathbf{g}\otimes\mathbb{C}[x]$ with $\mathbf{g}$ semisimple.

Field of study: Mathematics
An efficient preparation of chondroitin sulfate and collagen peptides from shark cartilage.

Chondroitin sulfate and collagen peptides were extracted with highest yield from shark cartilage under the following conditions: milling for 6 min; proteolysis with neutrase at 45oC for 5 h; enzyme to substrate ratio of 1800 U/g; solvent to material ratio of 10 mL/g. They were then separated on a column of DEAE-Sepharose Fast-flow. Most chondroitin sulfate (88.4% of total) and collagen peptides (78.3% of total) were recovered. The peptides were characterized by predominance of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline which made up around half of the total amino acid content, and their molecular weights were more than 1000 Da, but less than 4186.6 Da. The method has several advantages for higher quality of chondroitin sulfate, low environmental impact and recovery of collagen peptides.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Cretaceous-Tertiary continental deposits, Ager Basin, Province of Lerida, Spain

At Fontllonga (Northeast Spain, Province of Lerida) a nearly continuous outcrop covers the stratigraphic interval from the Maastrichtian to the Thanetian in continental deposits. Magnetostratigraphy of the section was determined from 72 samples. The magnetic polarity sequence was satisfactorily correlated with chrons 32R to 26R (top of Lower Maastrichtian to Lower Thanetian). Chron 29R, in which the K/T boundary occurs, is unambiguously recognizable considering the biostratigraphic data (charophyte, ostracod, palynomorph). The K/T boundary occurs in the uppermost part of the Microchara cristata subzone, which includes Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeocene species. This subzone is interpreted as an interval of crisis, following the Late Maastrichtian extinctions and preceeding the Palaeocene radiation. No Ir-rich horizon has been yet found in this section. The stratigraphic position of the last dinosaur remains, found in the chron 31N interval, leaves open the question of a causal link between the extinction of Cretaceous reptiles and the K/T event.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Detection and use of pseudo-translation in determination of protein structures.

Two types of pseudo-translation symmetry, pseudo-twofold translational symmetry and pseudo-body-centered symmetry, have been found in protein crystals of chorismate mutase and cyclophilin C. Statistics on diffraction intensity from these two crystals showed that the presence of pseudo-translations in atomic space yielded a distribution of systematically strong and weak reflections at low resolution. The diffraction pattern resulting from pseudo-translational symmetry was apparently similar to that from true crystallographic symmetry at 4 A resolution, but was distinct at high resolution. Pseudo-translation can be detected by comparing the average magnitudes of certain parity groups of reflections in three-dimensional hkl space. Based on the structures of chorismate mutase and cyclophilin C, the ratio of >1.2 for the average magnitudes of parity groups is sufficient to indicate the existence of pseudo-translation. Although pseudo-translation often makes structure determination more difficult, the additional information of pseudo-translation has been used successfully in the structure determination of chorismate mutase by multiple isomorphous replacement and of cyclophilin C by molecular replacement. Thus, examination of pseudo-translation is recommended at an early stage of structure determination.

Field of study: Chemistry
A model for carbonate to terrigenous clastic sequences

The development of carbonate sequences that grade toward a source region into terrigenous clastic sediment is poorly understood. In both carbonate and terrigenous clastic regimes, environments of rapid sedimentation have comparable rates of deposition (102 to 102.5 cm/1,000 yr); slowest continuous rates are also comparable (100.5 to 101 cm/1,000 yr). Because of the inhibiting effect of terrigenous deposition on carbonate (skeletal) production, the slowest rates in a transect tend to occur where mixed lithologies are deposited—midway between coarse clastic and pure carbonate sediments. This leads to a bimodal distribution of rapid depositional rates and invariably to the development of a basin in the intervening area.

To develop a model, we combine concepts of depositional rate with knowledge of the Middle Ordovician carbonate to terrigenous clastic sequence of the southern Appalachians. Deposition began on a shallow-water ramp sloping gently eastward, but everywhere within the photic zone. An episode of tectonic subsidence differentiated this ramp into a shallow shelf on the northwest and a deep, starved basin on the southeast, separated by a linear shelf margin with organic build-ups. Subsequent development of the sequence consisted of the filling of the deep basin (first with pelagites, then with turbidites), during which the carbonate shelf was isolated from terrigenous deposition. Once the basin filled, terrigenous deposition began to affect the shelf. Inhibition of carbonate deposition near the shelf edge led to formation of successively smaller basins within the old shelf area. After the initial pulse of tectonic subsidence, deposition of the sequence can be explained by sediment-loading subsidence.

Thus, the Ordovician sequence, coupled with the concept of bimodal distribution of sedimentation rates in carbonate to terrigenous clastic facies patterns, allows development of a model for basins adjacent to active tectonic lands. Five model stages are derived by application of calculated deposition rates and sediment loading along a transect away from the terrigenous source. These stages are (1) an initial carbonate ramp stage; followed by (2) a carbonate shelf-starved deep-basin stage; (3) a carbonate shelf-turbidite basin-terrigenous shelf stage; (4) a carbonate shelf-narrowed and shallowed basin-broad terrigenous shelf stage; and finally (5) a stage in which the initial basin is filled, a subsequent starved basin forms on the old carbonate shelf, and a new carbonate shelf margin forms a few to tens of kilometres farther from the terrigenous source. The model should be useful in predicting depositional facies in analogous basins.

Field of study: Geology
Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry: Molecular Spectroscopy and Modern Electronic Structure Computations

Acknowledgements. Foreword. Preface. 1. Classical Mechanics. 2. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics. 3. Rotational Motion. 4. Techniques of Approximation. 5. Particles Encountering a Finite Potential Energy. 6. Vibrational/Rotational Spectroscopy of Diatomic Molecules. 7. Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules. 8. Atomic Structure and Spectra. 9.  Molecular Electronic Structure Computations.

Field of study: Physics
Participatory mapping to elicit cultural coastal values for Marine Spatial Planning in a remote archipelago

As Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is taking off world-wide as a holistic approach to marine management, there has been a growing need for the inclusion of socio-economic factors in this process. Yet, producing spatial data for cultural values, in particular, remain a challenge because these values are abstract and difficult to extract and quantify. Here, we demonstrate a simple repeatable manual technique for mapping cultural coastal values using in-person interviews and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) techniques. With 47 participants in the Falkland Islands labelling 745areas of cultural coastal value, this technique gave rise to the identification of cultural coastal value hotspots across the islands in four categories: Natural Beauty, Recreation, Sense of Place and Cultural History. The locations of values were not affected by their distance to a settlement, nor were participants particularly likely to select areas close to their home. The resulting maps of coastal cultural values have been incorporated in the MSP framework and webGIS for the Falkland Islands, allowing for the integration of these social factors in the decision making processes.

Field of study: Environmental science