nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tests for the Weights of the Global Minimum Variance Portfolio in a High-Dimensional Setting

In this paper, we construct two tests for the weights of the global minimum variance portfolio (GMVP) in a high-dimensional setting, namely, when the number of assets <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula> depends on the sample size <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac{p}{n}\rightarrow c \in (0,1)$</tex-math></inline-formula> as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> tends to infinity. In the case of a singular covariance matrix with rank equal to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> we assume that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q/n\rightarrow \tilde{c}\in (0, 1)$</tex-math></inline-formula> as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\rightarrow \infty$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The considered tests are based on the sample estimator and on the shrinkage estimator of the GMVP weights. We derive the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics under the null and alternative hypotheses. Moreover, we provide a simulation study where the power functions and the receiver operating characteristic curves of the proposed tests are compared with other existing approaches. We observe that the test based on the shrinkage estimator performs well even for values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$</tex-math></inline-formula> close to one.

Field of study: Engineering
Deep fault trough of Oligocene age, Candelaria Hills, Nevada

Gravity and stratigraphic analyses indicate that a trough was created and subsided probably more than a kilometre during the interval 25 to 22 m.y. B.P. (late Oligocene; Berggren, 1972) in the Candelaria Hills, Nevada (. We interpret the trough, here named the “Candelaria trough”, to have been the result of extensional faulting. The implication is that extensional tectonics apparently existed in the Candelaria region earlier than at most places in the Great Basin where onset of block faulting is thought to have been at about 17 m.y. B.P. (McKee and Noble, 1974). This paper presents gravity data and interpretations of the structure of the Candelaria trough. Models include a three-dimensional approximation of the whole trough and four profiles which give improved resolution of the configuration of the locally steep southern flank of the trough. Data are also given on Cenozoic structures within the trough (folds, normal and. decollement faults) with which we interpret some aspects of trough formation. The Candelaria mining district (Page, 1959) occurs in pre-Tertiary rock at and near the southern wall of the Candelaria trough. Ventures in exploration for continuations of the ore-bearing terrane below the Cenozoic cover of the trough may find models of this paper of some benefit.

Field of study: Geology
Distal histidine conformational flexibility in dehaloperoxidase from Amphitrite ornata.

The enzyme dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata is a heme protein which has a globin fold but can function as both a hemoglobin and a peroxidase. As a peroxidase, DHP is capable of converting 2,4,6-trihalophenols to the corresponding 2,6-dihaloquinones in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. As a hemoglobin, DHP cycles between the oxy and deoxy states as it reversibly binds oxygen for storage. Here, it is reported that the distal histidine, His55, exhibits conformational flexibility in the deoxy form and is consequently observed in two solvent-exposed conformations more than 9.5 A away from the heme. These conformations are analogous to the open conformation of sperm whale myoglobin. The heme iron in deoxy ferrous DHP is five-coordinate and has an out-of-plane displacement of 0.25 A from the heme plane. The observation of five-coordinate heme iron with His55 in a remote solvent-exposed conformation is consistent with the hypothesis that His55 interacts with heme iron ligands through hydrogen bonding in the closed conformation. Since His55 is also displaced by the binding of 4-iodophenol in an internal pocket, these results provide new insight into the correlation between heme iron ligation, molecular binding in the distal pocket and the conformation of the distal histidine in DHP.

Field of study: Chemistry
Engineering of global regulator cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Escherichia coli for improved lycopene production.

Transcriptional engineering has received significant attention for improving strains by modulating the behavior of transcription factors, which could be used to reprogram a series of gene transcriptions and enable multiple simultaneous modifications at the genomic level. In this study, engineering of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) was explored with the aim of subtly balancing entire pathway networks and potentially improving lycopene production without significant genetic intervention in other pathways. Amino acid mutations were introduced to CRP by error-prone PCR, and three variants (mcrp26, mcrp159 and mcrp424) with increased lycopene productivity were screened. Combinations of three point mutations were then created via site-directed mutagenesis. The best mutant gene (mcrp26) was integrated into the genome of E. coli BW25113-BIE to replace the wild-type crp gene (MT-1), which resulted in a higher lycopene production (18.49mg/g DCW) compared to the original strain (WT). The mutant strain MT-1 was further investigated in a 10-L bench-top fermentor with a lycopene yield of 128mg/l at 20h, approximately 25% higher than WT. DNA microarray analyses showed that 396 genes (229 up-regulated and 167 down-regulated) were differentially expressed in the mutant MT-1 compared to WT. Finally, the introduction of the mutant crp gene (mcrp26) increased β-carotene production in E. coli. This is the first report of improving the phenotype for metabolite overproduction in E. coli using a CRP engineering strategy.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Nickel-induced blood biochemistry alterations in hens after an experimental peroral administration

The purpose of this study was to determine certain blood biochemical parameters in hens of Isa Brown breed (n = 20) after nickel administration. Animals were divided into four groups (K, P1, P2, P3). Experimental hens (n = 5; in each group) received nickel (NiCl2) as peroral administration in drinking water in various doses (P1 – 0.02 g NiCl2/L; P2 – 0.2 g NiCl2/L; P3 – 2.0 g NiCl2/L of drinking water) for 28 days. The last group – K (n = 5) was the control, receiving no nickel. Biochemical parameters of mineral profile (calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; sodium; potassium) and of energy and enzymatic profile [(glucose; total cholesterol; total proteins; triglycerides; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH)] were analyzed in blood serum on Day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the experiment. Average levels of mineral metabolism parameters were relatively stable apart from calcium. The evaluation registered a significant decrease in calcium during the experiment mainly in the group with highest nickel concentration in drinking water. No significant differences were detected between groups in energy and enzymatic profile apart from the concentrations of ALT on Day 7. In conclusion, there were significant associations between nickel levels and calcium and ALT in blood serum of the hens. No significant differences were detected in other biochemical parameters of mineral profile (P, Mg, Na, K) and energy and enzymatic profile (glucose, total cholesterol, total proteins, triglycerides, AST, GGT and GLDH) after nickel administration. Our results may contribute to an evaluation of reference levels of analyzed parameters, to monitor the health and nutritional status of hens. In this study also the negative effect of nickel mainly on calcium metabolism was detected.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
über die gequantelte Brownsche Bewegung

ZusammenfassungAls eine Fortsetzung der früheren Abhandlung wird die gequantelte Brownsche Bewegung ausführlicher untersucht, indem die in Betracht kommenden Grö\en für Helium und Wasserstoff numerisch ausgerechnet werden. Dabei wird gezeigt, da\ diese gequantelte Bewegung eine beobachtbare Grö\e ausmacht, wenn sich ein Körperteilchen in einem stark quantisierten Gase bewegt.

Field of study: Physics
CS1003, a novel human and mouse cross-reactive PD-1 monoclonal antibody for cancer therapy

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune-checkpoint that negatively regulates the immune system and a key mechanism that tumors utilize to escape from immune surveillance. PD-1 antibodies can block the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), restore T cells activation, and elicit antitumor activity. In this paper, we reported a novel PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CS1003, which is a humanized IgG4 PD-1 mAb generated by conventional hybridoma technology, and currently being developed in multiple clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents. We showed that CS1003 bound to recombinant human, cynomolgus monkey, and mouse PD-1 with EC 50 values of 0.1757, 0.2459, and 0.3664 nM, respectively. CS1003 blocked PD-1 interaction with its ligands, dose-dependently enhanced T cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) to the levels comparable to the reference antibody pembrolizumab. Intraperitoneal administration of CS1003 (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 mg/kg, once every 3 days) dose-dependently suppressed the growth of MC38-hPD-L1 colon cancer in hPD-1 knock-in mice. Pharmacokinetics (PK) study revealed a linear PK profile within the dose range of 2–18 mg/kg following single intravenous administration in cynomolgus monkey. These data provide a comprehensive preclinical characterization of CS1003 that supports its clinical development for cancer immunotherapy.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Information and Locus of Control as Factors in the Outcome of Surgery

The present study was aimed at assessing the relationships of locus of control and amount of information patients possess regarding their surgery to several criteria of post-surgical adjustment, utilizing a self-report measure of pain, number of analgesics taken, days in hospital and frequency of complaints. 48 patients about to undergo elective cholecystectomy were evaluated one day prior to surgery and five days subsequent to surgery. The results supported the hypothesis that amount of information was negatively related to outcome especially with respect to pain. There was a correlation of .38 between information and the subjective and behavioral criteria of pain for internal individuals and of .39 between information and the subjective measure of pain found for external individuals. The results were discussed relative to their implications for interventions with surgical patients and the training of health personnel.

Field of study: Psychology
Ten issues about sports for all in China

Based on the knowledge of sociology and literature, the paper uncovers 10 issues aiming at the present situ- ation of sports for all. They are bad bearing, not good physique, tender mentality, vague concept, busy life, lack ground, bad health care, lean living, optional consumption and high energy food. The aim is to offer reference for the project of sports for all turning into next phase successfully.

Field of study: Education
The relation between the golf industry in China and the development of social economy——A discussion with professor HAN Lie-bao

Aiming at professor HAN Lie-bao's expatiation on that the golf industry in China can boost the development of social economy,the author put forward some different opinions in several aspects for discussion with professor HAN Lie-bao,and revealed the following findings:At current stage,the golf industry in China does not play a very remarkable role in boosting the development of social economy,or it even played a negative role to a great extent.Under the current conditions of social economy,especially when the "three agricultural problems" are quite serious,it is not appropriate to develop the golf industry in China at a large scale.

Field of study: Education
Management of agricultural wet grasslands for breeding waders: integrating ecological and livestock system perspectives—a review

Although agriculture is pointed to as being one of the major causes of biodiversity loss, it is now recognised that some farming practices, grazing in particular, represent central issues in the on-running debate on wildlife conservation. This paper analyses the relationship between agricultural pasture management and bird preservation, by focusing on the illustrative case study of breeding waders in wet grasslands. After a brief account of the knowledge on research investigating the effect of grazing management on wader distribution or abundance, we reviewed (i) sward structure (i.e. mean sward height and frequency of tussocks) requirements, and (ii) breeding phenologies of five wader species commonly associated with wet grasslands for nesting in Europe. We found differences between species in these two aspects of their biology. Investigating grassland management thus underlines that the question of the timing of grazing should be considered. Moreover, the fragmented characteristic of agricultural landscapes (i.e. a mosaic of fields) in which waders breed emphasises the spatial nature of this management. We examine three spatial scales (i.e. field, set of adjacent fields, landscape) relevant to bird biology and influenced by agricultural activities. Based on these findings, we analyse which livestock system constraints are essential to take into account in order to minimise conflicts between livestock production and conservation aims in marshes. Finally, we highlight possible directions for future research.

Field of study: Environmental science
Notoginsenoside R1 Protects HUVEC Against Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-Induced Atherogenic Response via Down-Regulating miR-132

Radix notoginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has extensively pharmacological activities in cardiovascular system. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is one main active ingredient of Radix notoginseng. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional effects of NGR1 on atherosclerosis (AS).  Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), before which cells were preconditioned with NGR1. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were carried out to assess the impacts of ox-LDL and NGR1 on HUVECs. Besides, the expression of microRNA-132 (miR-132), and the regulatory role of miR-132 in Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) expression were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot.  NGR1 pre-conditioning prevented ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, migration and overproduction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1). miR-132 was up-regulated in response to ox-LDL while was down-regulated by NGR1 pre-conditioning. The protective actions of NGR1 in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs were enhanced by miR-132 inhibitor, while were attenuated by miR-132 mimic. Besides, the up-regulated miR-132 could further decrease the expression of MGP, which acted as an anti-migratory and anti-adhesive factor. Furthermore, ox-LDL-induced the activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were partially attenuated by NGR1, and were fully eliminated by NGR1 treatment together with MGP overexpression.  NGR1 prevents ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, migration and adhesion-related molecule release in HUVECs possibly via down-regulating miR-132, and subsequent up-regulating MGP.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
An investigation of the influence of extracellular matrix anisotropy and cell–matrix interactions on tissue architecture

Mechanical interactions between cells and the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) in which they reside play a key role in tissue development. Mechanical cues from the environment (such as stress, strain and fibre orientation) regulate a range of cell behaviours, including proliferation, differentiation and motility. In turn, the ECM structure is affected by cells exerting forces on the matrix which result in deformation and fibre realignment. In this paper we develop a mathematical model to investigate this mechanical feedback between cells and the ECM. We consider a three-phase mixture of collagen, culture medium and cells, and formulate a system of partial differential equations which represents conservation of mass and momentum for each phase. This modelling framework takes into account the anisotropic mechanical properties of the collagen gel arising from its fibrous microstructure. We also propose a cell–collagen interaction force which depends upon fibre orientation and collagen density. We use a combination of numerical and analytical techniques to study the influence of cell–ECM interactions on pattern formation in tissues. Our results illustrate the wide range of structures which may be formed, and how those that emerge depend upon the importance of cell–ECM interactions.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ЗАЛІЗОВМІСНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ НА ОСНОВІ ПОЛІСАХАРИДІВ ПЕЧЕРИЦІ ДВОСПОРОВОЇ

Розроблено технологію отримання залізовмісного комплексу на основі полісахаридів печериці дво- спорової, яка складається з двох стадій: вилучення полісахаридів та формування залізовмісного комплексу. Встанов- лено, що одержувати полісахариди з сировини доцільно екстракцією 3 % розчином натрій гідроксиду протягом 4 год з подальшою очисткою від речовин невуглеводної природи. У складі полісахаридів домінує галактоглюкан. Раціональ- ними умовами отримання залізовмісного комплексу на основі полісахаридів грибів є суміщення розчинів ферум (III) хлориду та полісахаридів; концентрації реагуючих речовин становлять: Fe3+ – 0,075 %, полісахаридів – 0,113 %, масо- ве співвідношення залізо : полісахариди 1,0 : 1,5, рН середовища – 11,5. Комплекс стійкий до дії агресивних середо- вищ травного тракту, є мікробіологічно безпечним та залишається доброякісним протягом 12 місяців зберігання. Він є ефективним протианемічним засобом.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Reconsidering Advertising Literacy as a Defense Against Advertising Effects

It is widely assumed that advertising literacy makes children less susceptible to advertising effects. However, empirical research does not provide convincing evidence for this view. In this article, we explain why advertising literacy as it is currently defined (i.e., conceptual knowledge of advertising) is not effective in reducing children's advertising susceptibility. Specifically, based on recent insights on children's advertising processing, we argue that due to the affect-based nature of contemporary advertising, children primarily process advertising under conditions of low elaboration and, consequently, are unlikely to use their advertising knowledge as a critical defense. Moreover, literature on cognitive development suggests that children's ability to use advertising knowledge as a defense will be further limited by their immature executive functioning and emotion regulation abilities. Therefore, we argue that the current conceptualization of advertising literacy needs to be extended with two dimensions: advertising literacy performance, which takes into account the actual use of conceptual advertising knowledge, and attitudinal advertising literacy, which includes low-effort, attitudinal mechanisms that can function as a defense under conditions of low elaboration. We conclude our article with specific directions for future research and implications for the ongoing societal and political debate about children and advertising.

Field of study: Psychology
The Application of Sequence Runner System in Avoiding Large-scale Plastic Part Weld Mask

The forming mechanism and solution of weld mask in large-scale plastic part are described. Taking the car front-bumper for example, The CAE comparative experimentation of the several runner system were processed and a series of the data such as weld mask, temperature and pressure were gained. Through the experimentation it was discovered that the sequence runner system can avoid weld mask availability which provide the function of use reference for avoiding weld mask in large-scale plastic part.

Field of study: Engineering
Biological Pre-oxidation of Refractory Gold Ores Containing High As

The influence of pulp consistency,oxidation time,aeration quantity and pH value on biological pre-oxidation treatment of a refractory gold ores containing high As was investigated.The results indicate that the oxidation ratio of sulfide is 80.95% and the leaching rate of gold is 82.31% when the pulp consistency is 17%,oxidation time is 7 days,agitation speed is 300 rpm,temperature is 40 ℃,aeration quantity is 0.4m3·L-1·h-1,initial pH is 2.0,bacteria quantity is 10% and the pH value is not controlled during the process.The gold packed by sulfide in cyanide residue is 53.53% of total gold and harmful metal ions can be treated to meet standard requirement by neutralizing the waste fluid of oxidation.

Field of study: Materials science
Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature formulae for strongly singular integrals

This paper presents some explicit results concerning an extension of the mechanical quadrature technique, namely, the Gauss-Jacobi numerical integration scheme, to the class of integrals whose kernels exhibit second order of singularity (i.e. one degree more singular than Cauchy). In order to ascribe numerical values to these integrals they must be understood in Hadamard's finite-part sense. The quadrature formulae are derived from those for Cauchy singular integrals. The resulting discretizations are valid at a number of fixed points, determined as the zeros of a certain Jacobi polynomial. As in all Gaussian quadratures, the final quadrature formulae involve fixed nodal points and provide exact results for polynomials of degree 2 n − 1, where n is the number of nodes. These properties make this approach rather attractive for applications to fracture mechanics problems, where often numerical solution of integral equations with strongly singular kernels is the objective. Numerical examples of the application of the Gauss-Chebyshev rule to some plane and axisymmetric crack problems are given.

Field of study: Mathematics
Advanced thermal simulation of SiGe: C HBTs including back-end-of-line

D thermal simulations of state-of-the-art SiGe:C HBTs are performed, which ensure improved accuracy with respect to conventional approaches. The whole back-end-of-line architecture is modeled so as to account for the cooling effect due to the upward heat flow. Moreover, a nonuniform power density is considered to describe the heat source, and thermal conductivity degradation effects due to germanium, doping profile, and phonon scattering in narrow layers are implemented. The numerical thermal resistances are compared with those experimentally evaluated by means of a robust technique relying on the temperature dependence of the base-emitter voltage.

Field of study: Engineering