nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: High-resolution spectroscopy of weakly absorbing objects based on a competing beam method

A new competing beam method is proposed for intracavity measurement of weak absorption. In this method two independent lasers with the same active medium are employed. An investigated sample is placed inside the resonator of one of the lasers with a narrow tunable emission line. In contrast to the selective intracavity absorption method, photoelectric recording of the spectra can be used in the proposed method and this can be done for narrow lines as well as for wide absorption bands. Moreover, the new method can be used to determine the two-photon absorption spectra.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
A class of small deviation theorems for the random variables associated with mth-order asymptotic circular Markov chains

In this article, we study a class of small deviation theorems for the random variables associated with mth-order asymptotic circular Markov chains. First, the definition of mth-order asymptotic circular Markov chain is introduced, then by applying the known results of the limit theorem for mth-order non homogeneous Markov chain, the small deviation theorem on the frequencies of occurrence of states for mth-order asymptotic circular Markov chains is established. Next, the strong law of large numbers and asymptotic equipartition property for this Markov chains are obtained. Finally, some results of mth-order nonhomogeneous Markov chains are given.

Field of study: Mathematics
Structure of Escherichia coli YhdH, a putative quinone oxidoreductase.

As part of a structural genomics project on bacterial gene products of unknown function, the crystal structures of YhdH, a putative quinone oxidoreductase, and its complex with NADP have been determined at 2.25 and 2.6 A resolution, respectively. The overall fold of YhdH is very similar to that of alcohol dehydrogenases and quinone reductases despite its low sequence identity. The absence of any Zn ion indicates that YdhH is a putative quinone oxidoreductase. YhdH forms a homodimer, with each subunit composed of two domains: a catalytic domain and a coenzyme-binding domain. NADP is bound in a deep cleft formed between the two domains. Large conformational changes occur upon NADP binding, with the two domains closing up to each other and narrowing the NADP-binding cleft. Comparisons of the YdhH active site with those of the quinone oxidoreductases from Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus made it possible to identify essential conserved residues as being Asn41, Asp43, Asp64 and Arg318. The active-site size is very narrow and unless an induced fit occurs is accessible only to reagents the size of benzoquinone.

Field of study: Chemistry
The Undocumented Everyday: Migrant Lives and the Politics of Visibility by Rebecca M. Schreiber (review)

Rebecca M. Schreiber successfully fuses aesthetic and political analysis to illuminate the practices of self-representation among the undocumented. Through a skillful examination of the art authored by Mexican and Central American immigrants in the post 9/11 era, Schreiber documents an exceedingly interesting and fraught visual culture. Considering that this is a group whose very visibility is a troublesome prospect, Schreiber nevertheless chronicles a variety of subaltern aesthetic practices pursued by immigrants to make themselves visible, sometimes on their own terms and sometimes through highly mediated interventions. She also very fluently handles the political context in which these representations were created. While primarily interested in the practices of self-representation pursued by the undocumented, Schreiber places these efforts within the history of deportation and exploitation that has characterized immigration policy in the early twenty-first century.

Field of study: History
Development and application of packages for PBL application in social work education

문제해결능력, 자기주도 학습능력, 비판적 사고는 우수한 사회복지사가 갖추고 있어야 하는 역량이다. Based Learning)은 이 세 가지 영역에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나, 사회복지 교육영역에서 이루어진 PBL 연구결과를 살펴보면 긍정적 결과와 부정적 결과가 동시에 보고되고 있다. PBL 패키지는 이런 부정적 결과를 극복하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. PBL 패키지를 통하여 모호한 PBL 교과과정과 진행절차가 보다 명료해 질 수 있기 때문이다. 현재 국내의 PBL 적용과 연구는 아직까지는 미숙한 상태여서 PBL 패키지 개발과 적용에 있어서 참고할 만한 연구가 적었다. 그래서 본 연구는 PBL 패키지를 개발하고 그 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 패키지는 총 14명의 학생을 대상으로 하여 적용되었다. 본 연구가 개발한 PBL 패키지가 문제해결능력, 자기주도 학습능력, 비판적 사고에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해서 각 변수별로 사전-사후 측정을 하고 그 점수의 차이를 알아보았다. 점수 차이를 알아본 결과 사전-사후 점수 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. PBL 참여기간 동안 학생들이 겪은 변화의 과정을 파악하기 위해 질적 자료 분석을 수행하였다. 질적 자료를 분석한 결과 학생들의 긍정적 변화는 PBL 패키지의 구성요소와 관련성이 있었다. 양적 조사와 질적 조사를 통해 본 연구에서 개발한 PBL 패키지는 유용한 것으로 확인되었다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 하여 사회복지 교육 영역에서 PBL을 적용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
[Study on the effect of realgar nanoparticles on reducing the respiratory syncytial virus type A (RSV-a) replication in vitro].

This study was to establish a model to explore anti- RSV effect of different administration method of Chinese medicine realgar on respiratory syncytial virus type A (RSV-A) replication in Hep-2 cells. Using high-energy ball milling with distilled water to prepare realgar nanoparticles,the concentration of nanometer realgar was tested by molybdenum blue staining method and the size of realgar nanoparticles was tested on Nano Series. Cell culture with ribavirin as a positive control was applied to observe the effect of anti-respiratory syncytial virus type A replication through prevention, treatment or direct inactivation of three different drug administration methods. Realgar nano-particles was found to be a potential inhibitor of RSV-A in a concentration-dependent manner with the median toxic concentration(TC50) of 0.649 microg/mL in Hep-2 cell culture. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) was 0.20 microg/mL when drug was added before virus infection. The IC50 was 0.13 microg/mL when drug was added after virus infection,and it was 0.16 microg/mL when the drug was mixed with virus and added. The therapeutic index (TI) was 3.18, 4.99 and 4.11, respectively. The results showed realgar nanoparticles could inhibit the replication of the RSV and inactivate the RSV in vitro.

Field of study: Biology
Study of the Pulsed Field Magnetization Strategy for the Superconducting Rotor

High magnetic field can be trapped in a bulk type-II superconductor through different magnetization methods. In our fully high-temperature superconducting (HTS) synchronous motor, the pulsed field magnetization (PFM) method is adopted due to its reduced cost, feasibility, and adaptability on the assembling of our HTS motor system. The HTS rotor was designed with 75 YBCO HTS bulks mounted on the surface of the rotor to make two pairs of poles after the PFM. In this paper, we give a PFM circuit used to generate a pulsed magnetic field about 1.5 T at the center of the magnetizing coil lasting less than 1 s by discharging a capacitor bank. We also investigate the homogeneity of the pulsed magnetic field produced by the coils. The main strategy for magnetizing the superconducting rotor is designed and investigated, and the rotor field profile after the whole magnetization procedure is measured and discussed as well.

Field of study: Physics
Bifurcation method and traveling wave solution to Whitham-Broer-Kaup equation

By using bifurcation method to Whitham-Broer-Kaup shallow water equations, bifurcation parameter sets are shown. Numbers of solitary waves, kink waves and periodic waves are given. Under various parameter conditions, all explicit formulas of solitary wave solutions, kink wave solutions and periodic wave solutions are listed.

Field of study: Mathematics
Shifting frames: Inside the pathways and obstacles of two teachers’ literacy instruction

The dynamics of discourse in literacy classrooms offers a complex paradigm for describing the communication patterns that exist among the agents (teachers and students) involved. The discourse patterns that exist in classrooms contextualize the pathways individuals take to assume understanding. Through interviews and case studies of two teachers and their classrooms we consider how the multimodal informs English/language arts education.

Field of study: Education, Linguistics
Optimal reduced-rank estimation and filtering

This paper provides a unified view of, and a further insight into, a class of optimal reduced-rank estimators and filters. An alternating power (AP) method for computing the optimal reduced-rank estimators and filters is derived and analyzed. The AP method is a generalization of the conventional power method for subspace computation, which is shown to be globally and exponentially convergent under weak conditions. When the rank reduction is relatively large, the AP method is computationally more efficient than the conventional methods. The AP method is useful for adaptive computation of the canonical components of a desired reduced-rank estimate, which in turn facilitates the detection of a time-varying rank. The study shown in this paper is particularly useful for applications that involve a large number of sources and a large number of receivers, where rank reduction is either inherent in the multivariate system or required to reduce the model complexity and/or the computational load.

Field of study: Engineering
Quasi-constricted linear operators on Banach spaces

Let X be a Banach space over C. The bounded linear operator T on X is called quasi-constricted if the subspace X0 := {x ∈ X : limn→∞ ‖Tx‖ = 0} is closed and has finite codimension. We show that a power bounded linear operator T ∈ L(X) is quasi-constricted iff it has an attractor A with Hausdorff measure of noncompactness χ‖·‖1 (A) < 1 for some equivalent norm ‖·‖1 on X. Moreover, we characterize the essential spectral radius of an arbitrary bounded operator T by quasi-constrictedness of scalar multiples of T . Finally, we prove that every quasi-constricted operator T such that λT is mean ergodic for all λ in the peripheral spectrum σπ(T ) of T is constricted and power bounded, and hence has a compact attractor.

Field of study: Mathematics
Research and Implementation of Evolutionary Storage System-based Self-adaptive Data Migration

Evolution storage system (ESS) is a new type storage system, which can improve and evolve storage performance, storage capability, data structure etc. To meet the need of dynamic data movement in ESS, this paper researches and implements a data migration solution by adopting the evolution theory from Biology Science and the feedback control technology in control theory. The solution can execute relevant data migration strategies according to different applications in ESS, and it can also change the strategy with current ESS status. The contrast experiments prove that ESS data migration solution is effective.

Field of study: Computer science
cAMP-Dependent Chloride Conductance Evokes Ammonia-Induced Blebbing in the Microglial Cell Line, BV-2

Cell blebbing is a key feature in apoptosis. Because blebbing dynamically alters cell volume and regulatory volume changes have been linked to chloride (Cl) channels, we evaluated an association between blebbing and Cl channels activity. We used scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and cell sorting to quantify cell volume and blebbing and whole-cell recording to characterize Cl- currents. We found that blockade of Cl channel activity as well as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA) activity suppressed ammonia-induced blebbing in the microglia cell line, BV-2. In further experiments, we elucidated the common mechanism of Cl channel activity and cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathway on cell blebbing. These experiments indicated that perfusion of cells with cAMP or the catalytic subunit of PKA activated a Cl- current under normotonic conditions. The pharmacological profile (sensitivity to 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid [NPPB], flufenamic acid, and [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acid [DIOA]), outward rectification, and kinetic of the current were identical to the swelling-activated Cl channel. Superfusion of cells with ammonia elicited an outwardly rectifying current sensitive to Cl channel blockers. We propose that ammonia induces a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of Cl channels. Localized influx of Cl- is followed by influx of water, required for bleb expansion.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Dirac series for $E_{6(-14)}$.

Up to equivalence, this paper classifies all the irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology for the simple Lie group $E_{6(-14)}$, which is of Hermitian symmetric type. Each FS-scattered Dirac series of $E_{6(-14)}$ is realized as a composition factor of certain $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(\lambda)$ module. Along the way, we have also obtained all the fully supported irreducible unitary representations of $E_{6(-14)}$ with integral infinitesimal characters.

Field of study: Mathematics
Mackinawite (FeS) Reduces Mercury(II) under Sulfidic Conditions

Mercury (Hg) is a toxicant of global concern that accumulates in organisms as methyl Hg. The production of methyl Hg by anaerobic bacteria may be limited in anoxic sediments by the sequestration of divalent Hg [Hg(II)] into a solid phase or by the formation of elemental Hg [Hg(0)]. We tested the hypothesis that nanocrystalline mackinawite (tetragonal FeS), which is abundant in sediments where Hg is methylated, both sorbs and reduces Hg(II). Mackinawite suspensions were equilibrated with dissolved Hg(II) in batch reactors. Examination of the solid phase using Hg LIII-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy showed that Hg(II) was indeed reduced in FeS suspensions. Measurement of purgeable Hg using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) from FeS suspensions and control solutions corroborated the production of Hg(0) that was observed spectroscopically. However, a fraction of the Hg(II) initially added to the suspensions remained in the divalent state, likely in the form of β-HgS-like clusters associated with the FeS surface or as a mixture of β-HgS and surface-associated species. Complexation by dissolved S(-II) in anoxic sediments hinders Hg(0) formation, but, by contrast, Hg(II)–S(-II) species are reduced in the presence of mackinawite, producing Hg(0) after only 1 h of reaction time. The results of our work support the idea that Hg(0) accounts for a significant fraction of the total Hg in wetland and estuarine sediments.

Field of study: Environmental science
Numerical tests of causal relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics

We present numerical methods to solve the Israel–Stewart (IS) equations of causal relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics with bulk and shear viscosities. We then test these methods studying the Riemann problem in (1+1)- and (2+1)-dimensional geometry. The numerical schemes investigated here are applicable to realistic (3+1)-dimensional modeling of a relativistic dissipative fluid.

Field of study: Physics
Quench Detection Method of HTS Model Coil Using a Series-Type Thermocouple

This paper proposes a quench detection method applied to a HTS coil and also discusses the results of tests on an HTS BSCCO wire and an HTS YBCO coil. A series-type thermocouple was fabricated to detect quench, where several thermocouples were welded in series. As the series-type thermocouple has many points of detection, variation in temperature was detected at each point by using thermo-electromotive force. The feasibility of the proposed method was investigated through the quench detection tests on the YBCO coil. This method has advantages such as a simple structure and cost effectiveness and also protects the HTS coil by detecting partial quench and its propagation.

Field of study: Physics
Singlet Oxygen Generation Photocatalyzed by TiO2 Particles and Its Contribution to Biomolecule Damage

The study of near-infrared emission has shown that singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is generated via superoxide by the photocatalytic reaction of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) dispersed in solvents. The 1 O 2 was deactivated on the TiO 2 surface and could not oxidize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which has no affinity to the TiO 2 surface. The generation of photocatalytic 1 O 2 was enhanced in the phospholipid membrane, and a water soluble protein acted as an effective scavenger of the generated 1 O 2 . These findings suggest that 1 O 2 generated by TiO 2 contributes to the phototoxic effect through the oxidation of the membrane protein.

Field of study: Chemistry
Geology as an Agent in Human Welfare

From the earliest times in human history the economic and industrial activities of man have been changing the natural features of the earth’s surface in many different ways, such as by constructing dams, by diverting the courses of rivers, by connecting oceans and seas with canals, by tunnels, by mining, by draining oil from the rocks containing it, and in many other ways modifying the natural course of geologic processes. Much has been written concerning this material influence of man on the earth, but the opposite effect, that is, the influence of the earth on man, has received much less attention; and yet from primitive times it has been active. It seems proper therefore to note the action of geologic phenomena on man throughout the ages in which he has existed. These influences may be either beneficial or detrimental to man’s welfare; they may advance his physical and mental . . .

Field of study: Geology
P106 Role of Adenylate Cyclase Pathway in Prevention of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Our previous studies have shown that blocking Ca2+-signaling reduces TGFβ-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and progression of bleomycin-mediated fibrosis. As such, disruption of Ca2+-wave activity may prove useful in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to exhibit certain anti-fibrotic effects. However, its effect on …

Field of study: Medicine
Two-state stochastic models for memory in ion channels.

To study quantitatively the memory existing in ion channels.



Stochastic processes were used to model 2 categories of memory (short-term and long-term) by persisting in the standpoint of two-state, instead of multiple states, but with different transition mechanism.



A two-state Markov process with constant transition intensities well fitted the short-term memory and a two-state Markov process within a kind of random environment well fitted the long-term memory. Statistical procedures for parameter estimation were proposed and demonstrated with 2 real examples on the channels of PC12 cells.



The memory in ion channels can be quantitatively modelled as stochastic process with 2 states.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
The Relation between Attitudes and Later Behavior Following Dissonance-Produced Attitude Change

The relation between attitudes, following dissonance-produced attitude change, and later behavior was examined. Subjects who freely chose to attempt to attain a difficult goal for minimal external. justification expressed greater commitment to the goal and, subsequently, displayed superior task performance, relative to other subjects. More important, the correlation between expressed commitment and subsequent performance was of greater magnitude among these subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the apparent superior predictive utility of attitudes based upon self-revealing, prior behavior.

Field of study: Psychology
Degradation of chlordecone and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane by photolysis, (photo-)fenton oxidation and ozonation

Intensive use of chlorinated pesticides from the 1960s to the 1990s has resulted in a diffuse contamination of soils and surface waters in the banana-producing areas of the French West Indies. The purpose of this research was, for the first time, to examine the degradation of two of these persistent pollutants – chlordecone (CLD) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) in 1 mg L−1 synthetic aqueous solutions by means of photolysis, (photo-) Fenton oxidation and ozonation processes. Fenton oxidation is not efficient for CLD and yields less than 15% reduction of β-HCH concentration in 5 h. Conversely, both molecules can be quantitatively converted under UV-Vis irradiation reaching 100% of degradation in 5 h, while combination with hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron does not show any significant improvement except in high wavelength range (>280 nm). Ozonation exhibits comparable but lower degradation rates than UV processes. Preliminary identification of degradation products indicated that hydrochlordecone was formed during photo-Fenton oxidation of CLD, while for β-HCH the major product peak exhibited C3H3Cl2 as most abundant fragment.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Electrical properties and thermal expansion of LaCoO3/La2(Zr,Y)2O7 composites

Homogeneous fine grained La 2 (Zr,Y) 2 O 7 /LaCoO 3− δ -based composite materials were obtained from simple mixture of the components and solid state reaction between LaCoO 3− δ and yttria-stabilized zirconia. Thermal expansion data can be fitted to simple mixture rules to predict the composite behavior from the properties of the individual components. The dependence of total and ionic conductivity on the volume fraction of the conductive phase can be described by the General Effective Media equation. The resistance to thermal cycling was evaluated and found satisfactory

Field of study: Materials science
Functional deficiency of complement factor D in a monozygous twin.

An adult twin with recurrent bacterial infections was found to have a partial functional deficiency of complement factor D. Full restoration of alternative pathway activity and zymosan- or cobra venom factor-induced consumption of C3 and B was found after reconstitution of patient's serum with purified D. Family studies revealed normal D levels in the mother, a brother and another sister. After gel filtration of patient's sera only little D activity could be detected in the fractions, and trypsin activation of the fractions also did not uncover detectable precursor D activity.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Nature of Faint Radio Sources in GOODS-North and GOODS-South Fields. I. Spectral Index and Radio–FIR Correlation

We present the first results from the deep and wide 5 GHz radio observations of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-North ($\sigma=3.5 \; \mu Jy \; beam^{-1}$, synthesized beam size $\theta =$ 1.47 arcsec $\times$ 1.42 arcsec, and 52 sources over 109 arcmin$^{2}$) and GOODS-South ($\sigma=3.0 \; \mu Jy \; beam^{-1}$, $\theta=$0.98 arcsec $\times$ 0.45 arcsec, and 88 sources over 190 arcmin$^{2}$) fields using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We derive radio spectral indices {\alpha} between 1.4 and 5 GHz using the beam-matched images and show that the overall spectral index distribution is broad even when the measured noise and flux bias are considered. We also find a clustering of faint radio sources around $\alpha=0.8$, but only within $S_{5GHz} < 150 \;  We demonstrate that the correct radio spectral index is important for deriving accurate rest frame radio power and analyzing the radio-FIR correlation, and adopting a single value of $\alpha=0.8$ leads to a significant scatter and a strong bias in the analysis of the radio-FIR correlation, resulting from the broad and asymmetric spectral index distribution. When characterized by specific star formation rates, the starburst population (58%) dominates the 5 GHz radio source population, and the quiescent galaxy population (30%) follows a distinct trend in spectral index distribution and the radio-FIR correlation. Lastly, we offer suggestions on sensitivity and angular resolution for future ultra-deep surveys designed to trace the cosmic history of star formation and AGN activity using radio continuum as a probe.

Field of study: Physics