nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on human monocyte‐derived dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation

Recent studies indicate that chemotherapeutic agents may increase the anti‐tumoral immune response. Based on the pivotal role of dendritic cells (DCs) in host tumour‐specific immune responses, we investigated the effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs dexamethasone, doxorubicin, cisplatin and irinotecan and glucocorticoids on monocyte‐derived DCs (moDCs). Dexamethasone displayed the strongest inhibitory effect on DC differentiation. The effect of cisplatin and irinotecan was moderate, while only weak effects were noticed for doxorubicin. Surprisingly, when the functional consequence of chemotherapy‐treated CD14+ monocytes and their capacity to activate CD4+ T responders cells were investigated, cisplatin‐treated monocytes gave rise to increased T cell proliferation. However, dexamethasone, doxorubicin and irinotecan‐pretreated monocytes did not stimulate any increased T cell proliferation. Further investigation of this observation revealed that cisplatin treatment during DC differentiation up‐regulated significantly the interferon (IFN)‐β transcript. By contrast, no effect was evident on the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6 or IFN‐α transcripts. Blocking IFN‐β attenuated the cisplatin‐enhanced T cell proliferation significantly. In conclusion, cisplatin treatment enhanced the immune stimulatory ability of human monocytes, a mechanism mediated mainly by the increased production of IFN‐β.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
A birth–death model of ageing: from individual-based dynamics to evolutive differential inclusions

AbstractAgeing’s sensitivity to natural selection has long been discussed because of its apparent negative effect on an individual’s fitness. Thanks to the recently described (Smurf) 2-phase model of ageing (Tricoire and Rera in PLoS ONE 10(11):e0141920, 2015) we propose a fresh angle for modeling the evolution of ageing. Indeed, by coupling a dramatic loss of fertility with a high-risk of impending death—amongst other multiple so-called hallmarks of ageing—the Smurf phenotype allowed us to consider ageing as a couple of sharp transitions. The birth–death model (later called bd-model) we describe here is a simple life-history trait model where each asexual and haploid individual is described by its fertility period $$x_b$$xb and survival period $$x_d$$xd. We show that, thanks to the Lansing effect, the effect through which the “progeny of old parents do not live as long as those of young parents”, $$x_b$$xb and $$x_d$$xd converge during evolution to configurations $$x_b-x_d\approx 0$$xb-xd≈0 in finite time. To do so, we built an individual-based stochastic model which describes the age and trait distribution dynamics of such a finite population. Then we rigorously derive the adaptive dynamics models, which describe the trait dynamics at the evolutionary time-scale. We extend the Trait Substitution Sequence with age structure to take into account the Lansing effect. Finally, we study the limiting behaviour of this jump process when mutations are small. We show that the limiting behaviour is described by a differential inclusion whose solutions $$x(t)=(x_b(t),x_d(t))$$x(t)=(xb(t),xd(t)) reach the diagonal $$\lbrace x_b=x_d\rbrace $${xb=xd} in finite time and then remain on it. This differential inclusion is a natural way to extend the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics in order to take into account the lack of regularity of the invasion fitness function on the diagonal $$\lbrace x_b=x_d\rbrace $${xb=xd}.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Information routing and reliability issues in distributed sensor networks

Communication issues and problems in information routing in distributed sensor networks (DSNs) are considered. Two important communication constraints, viz., the delay constraint and the reliability constraint, are identified, and their impact on information routing is discussed. It is shown that the maximum end-to-end delay in a network depends on the diameter of the network, and efficient distributed algorithms are presented to determine the diameter of asynchronous networks. A distributed algorithm that determines the diameter of an asynchronous tree network when an arbitrary node in the network initiates the algorithm is introduced. An efficient algorithm for determining the diameter when multiple nodes initiate the algorithm is presented. An algorithm to determine the diameter of arbitrary networks is presented, and its message complexity is shown. Effects of link/node failures on network delay are studied, and important network structure design criterion are discussed. The distributed, dynamic routing algorithms are reviewed, and their adaptation to DSN environments is discussed.

Field of study: Engineering
Expressing and organizing real-time specification patterns via temporal logics

Formal specification models provide support for the formal verification and validation of the system behaviour. This advantage is typically paid in terms of effort and time spent in learning and using formal methods and tools. The introduction and usage of patterns have a double impact. They stand for examples on how to cover classical problems with formal methods in many different notations, so that the user can shorten the time to understand if a formal method can be used to meet his purpose and how it can be used. Furthermore, they are used for shortening the specification time, by reusing and composing different patterns to cover the specification, thus producing more understandable specifications which refer to commonly known patterns. For these reasons, both interests in and usage of patterns are growing and a higher number of proposals for patterns and pattern classification/organization has appeared in the literature. This paper reports a review of the state of the art for real-time specification patterns, so as to organize them in a unified way, while providing some new patterns which complete the unified model. The proposed organization is based on some relationships among patterns as demonstrated in the paper. During the presentation the patterns have been formalized in TILCO-X, whereas in appendix a list of patterns with formalizations in several different logics such as TILCO, LTL, CTL, GIL, QRE, MTL, TCTL and RTGIL, is provided disguised as links to the locations where such formalizations can be recovered and/or are directly reported, if found not accessible in the literature; this allows the reader to have a detailed view of all the classified patterns, including the ones already added. Furthermore, an example has been proposed to highlight the usefulness of the new identified patterns completing the unified model.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Critical points in edge tunneling between generic fractional quantum Hall states

A general description of weak and strong tunneling fixed points is developed in the chiral-Luttinger-liquid model of quantum Hall edge states. Tunneling fixed points are a subset of ``termination'' fixed points, which describe boundary conditions on a multicomponent edge. The requirement of unitary time evolution for bounded edges gives a nontrivial consistency condition for possible low-energy boundary conditions. The effects of interactions and random hopping on fixed points are studied through a perturbative renormalization-group (RG) approach which generalizes the Giamarchi-Schulz RG for disordered Luttinger liquids to broken left-right symmetry and multiple modes. We apply our approach to a number of examples, such as tunneling between a quantum Hall edge and a superconductor and tunneling between two quantum Hall edges in the presence of interactions. Interactions are shown to induce a continuous renormalization of effective tunneling charge for the integrable case of tunneling between two Laughlin states.

Field of study: Physics
Rationale of Cruciate Retaining Design in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of Clinical Analysis and its Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Over the years, proponents of total knee designs (cruciate retaining and posterior stabilised) have conducted several long-term studies to claim the potential of these designs in several subsets of patients. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has also been one such domain where numerous studies were conducted in the past. A general perception among majority of arthroplasty surgeons is that, posterior stabilised (PS) is the implanted design of choice among patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, with the available literature there is a significant disparity related to the selection of implants in patients with rheumatoid RA. In this review of literature, an attempt is made to identify the clinical performance and role of one such implant design, the cruciate retaining (CR) prosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis.  The review was conducted after a series of advanced search in the following medical databases; Pub med, Biomed central, Cochrane and Google scholar for articles related to long term follow up studies of cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis using the keywords cruciate retaining prosthesis, total knee arthroplasty, rheumatoid arthritis.  The available data demonstrate that the CR design is attributed with an excellent long term survivorship and functional outcome even in follow up studies up to twenty-five years.  The advantages of using a CR design are long term survivorship, controlled femoral roll back and preservation of bone stock. Thus, the data gathered in this review lead to a consideration that the CR design is an implant design on par with PS design in patients with RA.

Field of study: Medicine
AFTER EXCELLENCE: MODELS OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Organisational culture is recognised as a critical ingredient of organisational effectiveness. However, the popular “excellence” model of managing organisational culture is unsuited to the contingencies and character of many public sector organisations. Termed here the cultural control model, it is the only widely shared understanding of good culture and haw to create it. As a generic prototype of culture it is limited, since it relies on management imposing a culture on a work force devoid of subcultural conflict. Three other models of organisational culture are introduced which offer more promise for the public sector: the subcultural model; the professional-managerial multiculture; and the public service or public interest model. These other models recognise in the culture-building strategies they prescribe that culture is deeply-rooted and not readily malleable by management and that subcultures affect organisations in various, not necessarily negative, ways. While the cultural control model reminds us of the significance of culture to better management, subsequent research has refined models of organisational culture which are more Consistent with the values and ethics of professionalism and good administration.

Field of study: Political science
Cryptanalysis of Some Protocols for RFID Systems

In this paper we analyze the security of the mutual authentication and ownership transfer protocols which have been recently proposed by Kulseng et al. Our analysis demonstrates a variety of attacks against these protocols. We present a secret parameters disclosure attack which discloses any secret parameter between the tag and the reader. Our disclosure attack can be easily used as an impersonation attack against the mutual authentication protocol. In addition, we present an attack that retrieves the PIN -value in the ownership transfer protocol, where the PIN -value is a parameter that must be kept secret from any party including the owner of the tag. All the attacks presented in this work are passive, have low complexity and have the success probability of 1.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
On Creditor's Right of Subrogation in Our Country

As an important way of preseving the obligatory right,the right of subrogation is adopted by most countries in the world. law〉set up the right of subrogation legally,the law,too abstractive,is lack of practicability.this thesis,based upon acceptation and respect of free realm of obligor's activities most possibly,analyzed the conditions and ways of exercising the obligatory right,which posed the such suggestions as broadening the objects of the obligatory right,enhance the procedure for creditor to exercise his rights,by which many debt chain could be settled in our country.

Field of study: Economics
Measurement of the ion temperature in the Isar III theta pinch by laser forward scattering

An experiment which allows measurement of a collective scattering spectrum of a plasma in the forward direction (7°) in a single discharge is described. The ion temperatures were determined from the scattering spectra for filling pressures between 10 and 100 μD2. To improve accuracy the electron temperature was also measured by a 90° scattering experiment. In all cases measured spectra agreed within experimental accuracy with those expected of thermal plasmas.The electron temperatures were in all cases approximately 175 eV near the time of maximumB field. However, the ion temperature changed from about 650 eV at 10 μD2 to about 175 eV at 100 μD2. This behaviour is expected from heating and loss mechanisms characteristic of theta pinches.The ion temperature obtained from neutron measurements (1300 eV at 10 μD2) is higher, than that obtained from the laser scattering experiment. A locally varying ion temperature or superthermal fluctuations could explain the discrepancy.

Field of study: Physics
Non-linear temperature-dependent curvature of a phase change composite bimorph beam

Bimorph films curl in response to temperature. The degree of curvature typically varies linearly with temperature and in proportion to the difference in thermal expansion of the individual layers. In many applications, such as controlling a thermostat, this gentle linear behavior is acceptable. In other cases, such as opening or closing a valve or latching a deployable column into place, an abrupt motion at a fixed temperature is preferred. To achieve this non-linear motion, we describe the fabrication and performance of a new bilayer structure we call 'Phase Change Composite Bimorph (PCBM)'. In a PCBM, one layer in the bimorph is a composite containing small inclusions of phase change materials. When the inclusions melt, their large (generally positive and >1%) expansion coefficient induces a strong, reversible step function jump in bimorph curvature. The measured jump amplitude and thermal response is consistent with theory.

Field of study: Physics
Combined data preprocessing and multivariate statistical analysis characterizes fed-batch culture of mouse hybridoma cells for rational medium design.

We present an integrated framework for characterizing fed-batch cultures of mouse hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibody (mAb). This framework systematically combines data preprocessing, elemental balancing and statistical analysis technique. Initially, specific rates of cell growth, glucose/amino acid consumptions and mAb/metabolite productions were calculated via curve fitting using logistic equations, with subsequent elemental balancing of the preprocessed data indicating the presence of experimental measurement errors. Multivariate statistical analysis was then employed to understand physiological characteristics of the cellular system. The results from principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three major clusters of amino acids with similar trends in their consumption profiles: (i) arginine, threonine and serine, (ii) glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, histidine and asparagine, and (iii) lysine, valine and isoleucine. Further analysis using partial least square (PLS) regression identified key amino acids which were positively or negatively correlated with the cell growth, mAb production and the generation of lactate and ammonia. Based on these results, the optimal concentrations of key amino acids in the feed medium can be inferred, potentially leading to an increase in cell viability and productivity, as well as a decrease in toxic waste production. The study demonstrated how the current methodological framework using multivariate statistical analysis techniques can serve as a potential tool for deriving rational medium design strategies.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Influence of primary and secondary structures of oligosaccharide chain on the aggregative and geometrical properties of gangliosides.

The aggregative and geometrical properties of gangliosides have been compared and discussed. It is shown that, due to the steric packing features of gangliosides, significative considerations can be made on the primary and secondary structures of their head group, starting from their cooperative behaviour, supporting NMR direct observations.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Recent advances in high‐energy physics

The past year has seen what may turn out to be the start of great progress in our understanding of meson problems. This was brought into focus at the Third Annual Rochester Conference on High‐Energy Physics, held December 18–20, 1952, and the topics discussed there form a convenient framework for presenting recent work in this field. The series of Rochester conferences, organized by R. E. Marshak and made possible by the support of a group of Rochester industries together, in the present instance, with that of the National Science Foundation, has consisted of informal sessions in which the latest experimental and theoretical results have been mulled over by representatives of most of the American and some of the foreign groups directly concerned with high‐energy physics.

Field of study: Physics
Minigene Splicing Assays Identify 12 Spliceogenic Variants of BRCA2 Exons 14 and 15

A relevant fraction of BRCA2 variants is associated with splicing alterations and with an increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). In this work, we have carried out a thorough study of variants from BRCA2 exons 14 and 15 reported at mutation databases. A total of 294 variants from exons 14 and 15 and flanking intronic sequences were analyzed with the online splicing tools NNSplice and Human Splicing Finder. Fifty-three out of these 294 variants were selected as candidate splicing variants. All variants but one, were introduced into the minigene MGBR2_ex14-20 (with exons 14–20) by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed in MCF-7 cells. Twelve of the remaining 52 variants (23.1%) impaired splicing at different degrees, yielding from 5 to 100% of aberrant transcripts. Nine variants affected the natural acceptor or donor sites of both exons and three affected putative enhancers or silencers. Fluorescent capillary electrophoresis revealed at least 10 different anomalous transcripts: (E14q5), Δ (E14p10), Δ(E14p246), Δ(E14q256), Δ(E14), Δ(E15p12), Δ(E15p13), Δ(E15p83), Δ(E15) and a 942-nt fragment of unknown structure. All transcripts, except for Δ(E14q256) and Δ(E15p12), are expected to truncate the BRCA2 protein. Nine variants induced severe splicing aberrations with more than 90% of abnormal transcripts. Thus, according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, eight variants should be classified as pathogenic (c.7008-2A > T, c.7008-1G > A, c.7435+1G > C, c.7436-2A > T, c.7436-2A > G, c.7617+1G > A, c.7617+1G > T, and c.7617+2T > G), one as likely pathogenic (c.7008-3C > G) and three remain as variants of uncertain clinical significance or VUS (c.7177A > G, c.7447A > G and c.7501C > T). In conclusion, functional assays by minigenes constitute a valuable strategy to primarily check the splicing impact of DNA variants and their clinical interpretation. While bioinformatics predictions of splice site variants were accurate, those of enhancer or silencer variants were poor (only 3/23 spliceogenic variants) which showed weak impacts on splicing (∼5–16% of aberrant isoforms). So, the Exonic Splicing Enhancer and Silencer (ESE and ESS, respectively) prediction algorithms require further improvement.

Field of study: Biology
Stream functions for divergence-free vector fields

In 1990, Von Wahl and, independently, Borchers and Sohr showed that a divergence-free vector field u in a 3D bounded domain that is tangential to the boundary can be written as the curl of a vector field vanishing on the boundary of the domain. We extend this result to higher dimension and to Lipschitz boundaries in a form suitable for integration in flat space, showing that u can be written as the divergence of an antisymmetric matrix field. We also demonstrate how obtaining a kernel for such a matrix field is dual to obtaining a Biot-Savart kernel for the domain. Compiled on Friday 22 May 2020 at 12:37 1. Overview 1 2.  Proof of main result 4 4. Higher regularity 7 5. 3D vector potentials 7 6. A Biot-Savart kernel? 8 Acknowledgments 9 References 9 1. Overview Let u be a divergence-free vector field on a bounded Lipschitz domain Ω ⊆ Rd, d ≥ 2, that is tangential to the boundary. For a simply connected domain, it is well known that in two dimensions, u = ∇⊥ψ := (−∂2ψ, ∂1ψ) for a stream function, ψ, vanishing on the boundary. It is also well known that in three dimensions, we can write u = curlψ, where now the vector potential ψ is a divergence-free vector field tangential to the boundary. Perhaps somewhat less well-known is that ψ can also be chosen (non-uniquely) to vanish on the boundary, though sacrificing the divergence-free condition. This 3D form of the vector potential was developed in [7, 20], where it is studied in Sobolev, Hölder spaces, for C1,1, C∞ boundaries, respectively. In higher dimension, we can no longer use a vector field as the potential; instead, we will use an antisymmetric matrix field A vanishing on the boundary, for which u = divA, the divergence applied to A row-by-row. This was the manner it was utilized in , without, however, the key antisymmetric condition. Our main result is Theorem 1.1. Theorem 1.1. Let H be the space of divergence-free vector fields on Ω that are tangential to the boundary and that have L2 coefficients. Let Hc be the closed subspace of curl-free vector fields (see (3.1)) in H, let H0 be its orthogonal complement in H, and let X0 := {A ∈ H 0 (Ω)d×d : A antisymmetric}. Then H0 = divX0, and there exists a bounded linear map S : H0 → X0 with divSu = u. Specializing to d = 2, 3, we can write H0 = { ∇⊥H1 0 (Ω), d = 2, curl3H 1 0 (Ω) 3, d = 3. Because the term matrix potential is commonly used in the literature for other purposes, we will adopt the 2D terminology for all dimensions, calling A the stream function for u. 1

Field of study: Mathematics