nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the S-N Curve Mean Stress Correction Model in Terms of Fatigue Life Estimation for Random Torsional Loading for Selected Aluminum Alloys

The paper presents the experimental fatigue test results for cyclic constant amplitude loading conditions for the case of the torsion of the PA4 (AW-6082-T6), PA6 (AW-2017A-T4) and PA7 (AW-2024-T3) aluminum alloy for a drilled diabolo type test specimen. The tests have been performed for the stress asymmetry ratios R = −1, R = −0.7, R = −0.5 and R = −0.3. The experimental results have been used in the process of a fatigue life estimation performed for a random generated narrowband stress signal with a zero and a non-zero global mean stress value. The calculations have been performed within the time domain with the use of the rainflow cycle counting method and the Palmgren−Miner damage hypothesis. The mean stress compensation has been performed with the S-N curve mean stress model proposed by Niesłony and Böhm. The model has been modified in terms of torsional loading conditions. In order to obtain an appropriate R = 0 ratio S-N curve fatigue strength amplitude, the Smith−Watson−Topper model was used and compared with literature fatigue strength amplitudes. The presented solution extends the use of the correction model in terms of the torsional loading condition in order to obtain new S-N curves for other R values on the basis of the R = −1 results. The work includes the computational results for new fatigue curves with and without the mean stress effect correction. The results of the computations show that the mean stress effect plays a major role in the fatigue life assessment of the tested aluminum alloys and that the method can be used to assess the fatigue life under random conditions.

Field of study: Materials science
Rôle de la spirométrie en soins primaires

Depuis le debut du XXe siecle, le sphygmomanometre est un outil essentiel du diagnostic et de la prise en charge de l’hypertension, au meme titre que, plus recemment, la glycemie pour poser un diagnostic de diabete et le prendre en charge. Par ailleurs, le diagnostic et la prise en charge

Field of study: Medicine
Yield and Starch Quality of Cassava Cultivars Planted in Jiangxi Province

The fresh root yield and starch quality of 7 cassava varieties SC5,SC6,SC7,SC8,SC9,SC10 and SC205 developed in CATAS were studied in Jiangxi in provine 2008 and 2009.The results showed that the fresh root yield of SC8 was the highest and that of SC5 was the lowest.Starch content of SC6 was the highest and that of SC5 was the lowest.Fresh root yield and starch content of SC8 were significantly higher than those of the control variety SC205,and those of SC5 were significantly lower than the control variety SC205 and the other 5 varieties.Compared with the control SC205,SC8 and SC5 were higher in amylose content,frozen stability,composed qualitative and grace's viscosity,were slightly larger in starch granule size and lower in pasting temperature.Transparency and viscosity of SC205 were higher than those of SC5,but less than those of SC8.The adaptability of SC8 and SC205 in Jiangxi was better than other cassava varieties.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Calibration and efficiency of the Einstein objective grating spectrometer.

The Einstein Observatory, a large satellite dedicated to x-ray astronomy, carried the first large x-ray telescope to be placed in orbit and an objective grating spectrometer with two sets of gratings. This paper lists prelaunch calibration results and describes the derivation of spectrometer efficiency and resolution. Several calibration spectra are shown, and theoretical grating parameters are derived from the calibration results.

Field of study: Physics
Immunization of SD rats with GBD fusion protein of Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein-A

To study the specific immune response in serum and salivary of SD rats induced by the GBD fusion protein of Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein-A. Methods Purified GBD fusion protein of Streptococcus mutans GbpA was used to immune SD rats by subcutaneous injection route. Serum and saliva were collected and were tested by ELISA.  Immunization with GBD fusion protein were able to induce significant serum IgG antibody and salivary IgA antibody (P0.01). In addition, the titer of anti-GBD in serum at the thirty-eighth day after the first immunization was the highest one.  GBD fusion protein of Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein-A has the immunogenicity and is a candidate vaccine.

Field of study: Biology
Comparison and analysis of two processes for BOG re-liquefaction in LNG carrier with normal-temperature compressor

Two processes for boil-off gas (BOG) re-liquefaction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier with normal-temperature compressor are proposed and compared: (1) the re-liquefaction system with the single mixed refrigerant process (SMRP), (2) the re-liquefaction system with the dual mixed refrigerant process (DMRP). The main thermodynamic parameters to be compared are specific energy consumption, exergy efficiency, coefficient of performance, heat transfer curves and exergy losses of main equipment in optimized case and base case. The result shows that the performance of the DMRP is better than that of the SMRP and the specific energy consumption of DMRP is 0.5635 kWh/kgLNG. In addition, by comparing the thermodynamic parameters of the re-liquefaction system with the normal-temperature compressor and the cryogenic compressor, it can be found that not only the cooling capacity of BOG is used effectively, but also the energy consumption is reduced and the efficiency is improved for the normal-temperature compressor system. Therefore, for the two mixed refrigerant re-liquefaction systems, the performance of the normal-temperature compression system is better than that of the low-temperature compression system.

Field of study: Engineering
Diurnal variation in xylem hydraulic conductivity in white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.)

Xylem hydraulic conductivity and percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) were measured on a ring-porous (Fraxinus americana L., white ash), a diffuse porous (Acer rubrum L., red maple) and a coniferous (Picea rubens Sarg., red spruce) tree species in a temperate deciduous forest in central Massachusetts, USA. Measurements were made on current and 1-year-old branch segments in the afternoon and on the following morning. Afternoon PLC was 45 to 70% for the current year's extension growth in both white ash and red maple. Morning PLC was significantly lower (10–40%). Conductivity also varied diurnally suggesting, on average, a 50% recovery from cavitation overnight. Red spruce showed lower PLC and conductivity and a less pronounced night-time recovery. Diurnal variation in hydraulic conductivity and PLC suggests that embolism removal occurred in all three species despite the existence of tension within the xylem. Further evidence for embolism removal was observed with an in situ double-staining experiment in which dyes were fed to a transpiring branch during the late afternoon and the following morning. Examination of stem cross-sections showed that a larger number of vessels were conductive in the morning than on the preceding afternoon. Results of this study suggest that hydraulic capacity is highly dynamic and that conductivity measurements reflect a balance between two processes: cavitation and embolism removal.

Field of study: Environmental science
Kinematics and Chemistry of Stars along the Sagittarius Trailing Tidal Tail and Constraints on the Milky Way Mass Distribution

We present three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of Sagittarius (Sgr) trailing tidal debris in six fields located 70°-130° along the stream from the Sgr dwarf galaxy core. The data are from our proper-motion (PM) survey of Kapteyn's Selected Areas, in which we have measured accurate PMs to faint magnitudes in ~40' × 40' fields evenly spaced across the sky. The radial velocity (RV) signature of Sgr has been identified among our follow-up spectroscopic data in four of the six fields and combined with mean PMs of spectroscopically confirmed members to derive space motions of Sgr debris based on ~15-64 confirmed stream members per field. These kinematics are compared to predictions of the Law & Majewski model of Sgr disruption; we find reasonable agreement with model predictions in RVs and PMs along Galactic latitude. However, an upward adjustment of the local standard of rest velocity (ΘLSR) from its standard 220 km s–1 to at least 232 ± 14 km s–1 (and possibly as high as 264 ± 23 km s–1) is necessary to bring 3D model debris kinematics and our measurements into agreement. Satisfactory model fits that simultaneously reproduce known position, distance, and RV trends of the Sgr tidal streams, while significantly increasing ΘLSR, could only be achieved by increasing the Galactic bulge and disk mass while leaving the dark matter halo fixed to the best-fit values from Law & Majewski. We derive low-resolution spectroscopic abundances along this stretch of the Sgr stream and find a constant [Fe/H] ~ –1.15 (with ~0.5 dex scatter in each field—typical for dwarf galaxy populations) among the four fields with reliable measurements. A constant metallicity suggests that debris along the ~60° span of this study was all stripped from Sgr on the same orbital passage.

Field of study: Physics
Classifying Universities and Their Departments: A Social World Perspective

The prevailing ways of classifying higher education institutions rely upon structural characteristics. In this article, a cultural means of institutional classification is introduced by adopting a perspective that conceptualizes universities and their departments as "social worlds." In the analysis, the social world perspective is grounded by how faculty members conceive of career success and failure in the contexts of their departmental environments. Based on interviews with professors about their careers, a delimited set of social worlds is postulated to compose a cultural system of classifying American academe.

Field of study: Education
Phosphorylation is required for PMA- and cell-cycle-induced degradation of protein kinase Cdelta.

Classical and novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are down-regulated as a result of chronic activation by certain tumour promoters and physiological stimuli; however, the mechanisms leading to down-regulation are not fully understood. In the present study, we have studied the PMA ('TPA')-induced degradation of PKCdelta in NIH 3T3 cells under culture conditions where PKCdelta displays cell-cycle-dependent down-regulation. In contrast with previous studies, a hyperphosphorylated form of this PKC isoform, promoted by calyculin A, was rapidly degraded in PMA-treated cells. Similarly, the presence of calyculin A enhanced the down-regulation of PKCdelta observed on G(1)/S-phase progression through the cell cycle. Analysis of phosphorylation-site mutants indicated that the T-loop Thr(505) phosphorylation site was critical for induced degradation.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Diagnostik molekular thalassemia

A diagnosis of thalassemias has advanced from clinical to molecular in concordance with the advances in molecular biology. Since the introduction of polymerase chain reaction procedure - a practical in vitro procedure of deoxyribonucleic acid amplification - various diagnostic methods have been developed, to detects either gene deletions or point mutations. In a population where the spectrum of mutations is not too heterogenous, direct methods such as dot blot or reverse dot blot hybridization, ligase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system may be applied with high effectivity dan efficiency. But, in a population where the spectrum of mutations is very heterogenous other methods such as mismatch analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and single strand conformation analysis as the screening step followed by deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing are chosen. Each of the above methods has advantages and shortcomings, in relation to various problems among others the sensitivity, the specificity, the ease, the reproducibility and the cost. In this paper the molecular diagnostics, concerning the principle, the advantages and the shortcomings, espebially that have been used in the field are discussed.  gene disorders - ligase chain reaction - dot blot and reverse dot blot hybridization - amplification refractory mutation system - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis - single strand conformation analysis - chemical cleavage of mismatch

Field of study: Medicine
Eigenform error estimates of computational material dynamics with shocks. 1.1. Hooke's law materials

Eigenform error estimates are sharper than previous a priori error bounds for the von Neumann–Richtmyer (vNR) scheme. Theoretical results give insight into the experimental results on the test problems which include shocks. The vNR-RK4 scheme, a Runge–Kutta modification of the original vNR, is not only more accurate than the original vNR but also the eigenform error estimates are more accurate for vNR-RK4.

Field of study: Mathematics
Extruding Technology and Dies Research of AZ31B Mg-alloy

Hot-extrusion technology of AZ31B magnesium alloy and dies are studied. Extruding experiment shows that AZ31B stock, which has been homogenized at 400℃ holding for 20 hours and then extruded at 380～480℃ and 1.0～2.5m/min extruding speed, has good characteristics for hot extrusion, complex hollow section product can be extruded.

Field of study: Materials science
Novel formations of unsymmetrical 1,2,5-benzotrithiepins from olefins and benzopentathiepin in the presence of Lewis acid : benzopentathiepin as a novel 1,5-dipole synthon

Some unsymmetrical 1,2,5-benzotrithiepins were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the novel reactions of various olefins with benzopentathiepin (BPT) in the presence of a Lewis acid, trifluoroborane etherate. In this reaction, BPT was found to serve as a 1,5-dipole synthon.

Field of study: Chemistry
Design and Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in a Multiterminal HVDC System

Voltage source converter based HVdc (VSC-HVdc) systems are prone to high short-circuit current during transmission line faults. The situation for multiterminal HVdc (MTDC) systems is worse. The characteristics of superconducting material are ideal to limit the fault current in HVdc systems. This paper presents a novel use of the resistive type of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in the MTdc network with the function of limiting the high current. The working principles of fault current limiter and a three-terminal HVdc system are modeled in detail using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The hybrid operation of the SFCL in the three-terminal HVdc system is tested in this paper for the fault response of the MTdc system. The performances of SFCL under different fault conditions are analyzed. The simulation results show that the fault current is effectively restrained and the SFCL can act as an efficient protective device for VSC-based multiterminal HVdc systems.

Field of study: Physics
Cells in affine q-Schur algebras

We develop algebraic and geometrical approaches toward canonical bases for affine q-Schur algebras of arbitrary type introduced in this paper. A duality between an affine q-Schur algebra and a corresponding affine Hecke algebra is established. We introduce an inner product on the affine q-Schur algebra, with respect to which the canonical basis is shown to be positive and almost orthonormal. We then formulate the cells and asymptotic forms for affine q-Schur algebras, and develop their basic properties analogous to the cells and asymptotic forms for affine Hecke algebras established by Lusztig. The results on cells and asymptotic algebras are also valid for q-Schur algebras of arbitrary finite type.

Field of study: Mathematics
COIN DISPENSING UNIT

The requirement of coins or change in a day to day transaction at places like bus stop, railway station, malls and parks is the main motive of designing this project. So we thought to develop an exchanger which will give us coins instead of notes. It is basically a coin dispensing model which accept note as input and checks it is real or fake. If the note is real, the camera takes a snap of it. After which it will find out its value using image processing technique and then accordingly the value equivalent to the number of coins are dispensed. For detecting kind of note the color histogram, color matching algorithm executes and the solution is given to the controller which will give command to the coin container through relays and motors, the user simply presses the keypad for which type of change he wants whether one rupee coins or two rupee coins or five rupee coins and hence in the output we get coins as per requirement.

Field of study: Engineering
[Effects of m-nifedipine and nifedipine on hemodynamics in renovascular hypertensive rats].

In the renovascular hypertensive myocardial hypertrophic rats of prevention and regressive groups, the blood pressure was lowered by m-nifedipine (m-Nif) or nifedipine (Nif) of 20 mg.kg-1.d-1, i.g., for 9 wk vs control (LVH) group (P < 0.01). From the isolated working hearts of prevention and regressive groups, it was found that AP, LVSP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, CF, and CI values of m-Nif and Nif groups increased higher than that of LVH group, but LVEDP and T was lower in m-Nif and Nif groups. It was concluded that m-Nif exhibits the similar effects like Nif in prevention and reversion of renovascular hypertensive LVH and improvement of hemodynamics.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Synoptic assessment of wetland function: a planning tool for protection of wetland species biodiversity

We present a synoptic assessment intended to maximize the benefits to wetland species biodiversity gained through Clean Water Act regulatory efforts within 225 sub-basins in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas (US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7), USA. Our assessment provides a method for prioritizing sub-basins potentially critical for supporting wetland species biodiversity and may assist environmental managers and conservationists constrained by limited resources. We prioritize sub-basins based on the projected increase in the risk of wetland species extirpation across Region 7 that would be avoided by applying a unit of regulatory protection effort within a sub-basin. Because the projected increase in risk avoided per unit effort has not been directly measured, we represent this quantity with an index of indicators drawn from readily available data. A conceptual model incorporating landscape and anthropogenic factors guides index development via a series of simple benefit-cost equations. We rank and map the final index scores to show the relative priority among sub-basins for protection effort. High priority sub-basins appear to be concentrated along the major river systems within the region, where sensitive wetland species and intensive agriculture tend to coincide. Protection of wetland species biodiversity is an important, but not exclusive, attribute around which priorities should be set. Nevertheless, incorporation of our results into management strategies should allow managers to cast their local decisions in the context of regional scale maintenance of wetland species biodiversity, increasing ecological benefits for a given protection effort.

Field of study: Environmental science
Charting the Links between Mathematics Content and Pedagogy Concepts: Cartographies of Cognition.

Links between content knowledge in the mathematics domain and in pedagogical reasoning were compared for university mathematicians, mathematicsmethods professors, high school teachers, middle school teachers, and elementary school teachers. Because of their experience in both mathematical content and pedagogical concepts, mathematics-methods professors were expected to integrate those domains into a coherent pedagogical content-knowledge structure. That was the case. Although university mathematicians possessed integrated content-knowledge structures, they tended to represent teaching as transmission of knowledge and learning as accumulation of knowledge. Mathematics-methods professors, high school teachers, elementary school teachers, and, in most instances, middle school teachers appeared to conceptualize teaching as facilitation of conceptual change and learning as an interactive process. In addition, pathfinder network analysis showed concept maps to yield more logically coherent representati...

Field of study: Education
Development of Non-Circular REBCO Pancake Coil for High-Temperature Superconducting Cyclotron

A series of feasibility studies are carried out on the applications of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet system to a heavy-ion accelerator for particle cancer therapy. A novel HTS cyclotron is expected to be more compact and have higher efficiency than a conventional heavy ion synchrotron accelerator. A high current density is required for the HTS magnet to realize a compact HTS cyclotron. Further, a high-strength reinforcing structure is absolutely essential for the HTS magnet owing to the large Lorentz force caused by the high current density to prevent the magnet deformation and maintain the required high accuracy field. In a previous study, a novel coil structure called the Y-based oxide superconductor and reinforcing outer integrated “YOROI coil” was proposed and tested at 4.2 K in 8-T backup fields. The YOROI model coil exhibited no degradation after the excitation test with a maximum hoop stress of 1.7 GPa determined by the product of the magnetic field, current density, and coil radius. The mechanism of stress sharing between the coil winding and the reinforcing structures of the YOROI coil was numerically determined. In addition, the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of a reinforcing structure based on the YOROI coil for circular REBCO coils assuming part of the HTS cyclotron magnet system was also numerically simulated in the previous paper. In this study, a new reinforcing structure is proposed on the basis of the YOROI coil for a non-circular REBCO coil assuming part of the HTS cyclotron magnet system. The electromagnetic and mechanical properties for the new reinforcing structure are numerically determined. As a result, the proposed reinforcing structure has great ability to reduce the stress and strain acting on the coil winding to maintain the coil shape and prevent degradation in the REBCO wire.

Field of study: Physics
A Technology of Data Merging in Data Integration

This paper presentes some problems and their solutions when carrying out data integrating. The problems mainly include duplicated records identification (Object Identification Technique) and confilict processing for duplicated records (Conflict Resolution Mechanism). We propose a practical and available method and according our experiment results we compare two merging algorithms merging multiple tables into one target table.At last we pointe out some aspects that needs to improve.

Field of study: Computer science