nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Projected changes in wind power potential over China and India in high resolution climate models

As more countries commit to emissions reductions by midcentury to curb anthropogenic climate change, decarbonization of the electricity sector becomes a first-order task in reaching this goal. Renewables, particularly wind and solar power, will be predominant components of this transition. How availability of the wind and solar resource will change in the future in response to regional climate changes is an important and underdiscussed topic of the decarbonization process. Here, we study changes in potential for wind power in China and India, evaluating prospectively until the year 2060. To do this, we study a downscaled, high-resolution multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models under high and low emissions scenarios. While there is some intermodel variability, we find that spatial changes are generally consistent across models, with decreases of up to 965 (a 1% change) and 186 TWh (a 2% change) in annual electricity generation potential for China and India, respectively. Compensating for the declining resource are weakened seasonal and diurnal variabilities, allowing for easier large-scale wind power integration. We conclude that while the ensemble indicates available wind resource over China and India will decline slightly in the future, there remains enormous potential for significant wind power expansion, which must play a major role in carbon neutral aspirations.

Field of study: Environmental science
Scavenging effect on plasma oxidized Gd2O3 grown by high pressure sputtering on Si and InP substrates

In this work, we analyze the scavenging effect of titanium gates on metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors composed of gadolinium oxide as dielectric material deposited on Si and InP substrates. The Gd2O3 film was grown by high pressure sputtering from a metallic target followed by an in situ plasma oxidation. The thickness of the Ti film was varied between 2.5 and 17 nm and was capped with a Pt layer. For the devices grown on Si, a layer of 5 nm of Ti decreases the capacitance equivalent thickness from 2.3 to 1.9 nm without compromising the leakage current (10−4 A cm−2 at Vgate = 1 V). Thinner Ti has little impact on device performance, while 17 nm of Ti produces excessive scavenging. For InP capacitors, the scavenging effect is also observed with a decrease in the capacitance equivalent thickness from 2.5 to 1.9 nm (or an increase in the accumulation capacitance after the annealing from ~1.4 to ~1.7–1.8 μF cm−2). The leakage current density remains under 10−2 A cm−2 at Vgate = 1.5 V. For these devices, a severe flatband voltage shift with frequency is observed. This can be explained by a very high interface trap state density (in the order of 1013–1014 eV−1 cm−2).

Field of study: Materials science
Relations between the location of the karst bauxites in the northern hemisphere, the global tectonics and the climatic variations during geological time

The study of the distribution of the laterites and bauxites of karst in the Northern Hemisphere shows that their location is not erratic. Most of the bauxites are ordered after their age, according to alignments indicating the existence of palaeoclimatic belts of humid intertropical type that were susceptible of having generated a laterizing pedogenesis, during geological time when these bauxites and laterites were formed. In relation to the present network of latitudes, these palaeoclimatic belts gradually took up more southerly positions, as geological time passed. A few of these formations appear, however, to be located outside the palaeclimatic belts within which they should occur. To explains this apparent anomaly, it is in consequence necessary to call into play on the one hand, the drift of the palaeoclimatic belts from the north to the south, and on the other, the mechanisms of ocean-floor spreading and of the movement of the continental plates. The results of these processes are integrated into the framework of the principles of global tectonics. They also correspond to those obtained from other disciplines, such as palaeomagnetism, palaeoclimatology, biogeography, palaeontology, etc. Extension of this study to the Southern Hemisphere can not be realized for the present, because the results of the researches relating to it in the field with which we are concerned are much too imprecise and the bibliography linked up with it too summary.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
[Miosis induced by histamine injected into the anterior chamber of isolated pig eyes].

Miotic effects were shown when the histamine (0.1 nM, 10 microL) was injected into the anterior chamber of isolated pig eyes. This miosis was camparable to that by acetylcholine (0.1 nM) or pilocarpine (0.01 M). The miotic effect induced concentration dependently by histamine was inhibited by pretreatment with H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (1 microM, 10 microL), but not by H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (1 microM, 10 microL). H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (1 mM, 10 microL) caused no change of pupil diameter. The results suggest that histamine induces miotic effects via H1 receptor in isolated pig eyes.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
ELAS-PLASTIC IMPACTS BY RIGID BODY ON RECTANGLE TUBE COLUMNS CONSIDERING LOCAL BUCKLING

The rectangle tube columns are modeled by shell elements,and their behaviors under rigid body impacts are investigated.Tracing the whole impact procedure using numerical method,this paper obtains elastic and elas-plastic impact loads with variant mass ratios and impact speeds.The impact loads exerted on rectangle tubes are compared with those of the bar models.The calculation results show that for elastic rectangle tubes,the bigger the mass ratio and the higher the rigid body speed,the bigger the peak elastic impact load,the longer the contact time,and the more significant reduction of the peak impact load due to local buckling.Therefore,the peak impact load of the rectangle tube is not proportional to the rigid body speed.Due to the bidirectionality of stress wave in the tubes,the impact load curves of the tube model are not as smooth as those of the bar model which has unidirectional stress wave.Similar to elas-plastic bars,the peak impact load on elas-plastic tubes increases with the speed of rigid body because of the expanding of plasticity.But the changing of the peak impact load onelas-plastic tube is much smoother than that on elastic tube.Because of local buckling,the peak elas-plastic impact load of rectangle tubes is always smaller than that of bars.The higher the rigid body speed and the smaller the mass ratio,the bigger the peak impact load of rectangle tubes and the longer the contact time.

Field of study: Engineering
Eective potentials for heavy quarks above deconnement

Using methods previously developed by Kelbg and others for creating eective potentials for electron-ion plasmas, we investigate quarkonium potentials above deconnement. Using results for the internal energy of a static quark-antiquark (Q Q) pair, a set of eective potentials are constructed that take into account quantum eects and symmetry conditions. Bound state eects are explicitly included in order to account for the strongly coupled nature of the plasma. It is hoped that these eective potentials will be useful in simulations of heavy quarks or plasma quasiparticles when the dynamics is treated classically.

Field of study: Physics
ПЛАТЕЖНЫЙ БАЛАНС РФ В ЯНВАРЕ-СЕНТЯБРЕ 2016 ГОДА

Уменьшение экспорта при замедлении темпов падения импорта значительно сократило профицит счета текущих операций по сравнению с аналогичным периодом 2015 г. Снижение темпов погашения обязательств банками привело к уменьшению чистого вывоза капитала частным сектором в январе-сентябре 2016 г. – в 5 раз по сравнению с аналогичным периодом предыдущего года, что способствовало укреплению рубля в реальном выражении за январь-сентябрь 2016 г. до уровня начала 2006 г.

Field of study: Economics
Base Selection and Analysis on MB2 Alloy Solid Phase Reaction Type Ceramic Coating

The ceramic coating of the magnesium alloy was prepared by solid phase reaction.Al2O3 base and MgO base were chosen as two kinds of ceramic coating formulation experiment.The influences of aggregate and binder ratio on the thermal shock performance of coating were studied,and then wear-resisting test and corrosion resisting test were carried out.The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the coating has the new phase formation.MgO based ceramic coating performance is better than the matrix significantly.

Field of study: Materials science
O194 Alcohol in saliva related to the anatomical site of oral carcinoma

Alcohol is responsible for the development of cancer in the areas of the oral cavity that function as a salivary reservoir (floor of the mouth, retromolar area, tongue and mandibular gingiva).  Thirty volunteers participated in evaluating salivary alcohol concentrations in the floor of the mouth ("reservoir" area), upper anterior vestibule and palate ("non-reservoir" areas) at determined minute intervals following consumption of 150 ml of whiskey. Salivary alcohol levels were evaluated using Q.E.D. Saliva Alcohol Test (Enzymatics, Inc.).  The highest concentration of alcohol was found in the floor of the mouth, i.e. the mouth reservoir. The duration of direct effect of alcohol following a single consumption is approximately 20 minutes, while the effect of saliva excreted alcohol in the floor of the mouth lasts approximately 7.7 hours.  The localisation of the higher concentrations of direct alcohol and alcohol excreted in saliva are in correlation with typical localisations of oral cavity cancer, therefore alcohol may be considered cancerogenic. The carcinogenic effect of alcohol on the oral cavity mucosa is a result of prolonged effect of alcohol excreted in saliva and not through the contact of high concentrations of alcohol following alcoholic beverage consumption.

Field of study: Medicine
Pleistocene Shore-lines

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit bringt eine kritische Übersicht über neuere Untersuchungen an quartären Küstenlinien. Methoden der Bestimmung des ursprünglichen Meeresspiegels, der Einfluß tektonischer Bewegungen und die Bildungsart besonderer Typen quartärer Strandlinien werden erörtert. Nach Ausschaltung offensichtlich gestörter Gebiete und solcher, in denen die bisherigen Beobachtungen ungenau oder unzureichend sind, bleibt eine verhältnismäßig große Zahl von Gebieten übrig, in denen die Höhenlagen der quartären Meeresspiegel einigermaßen verläßlich bekannt sind. Diese zeigen eine Regelmäßigkeit der Abfolge, die kaum als zufällig angesehen werden kann; gewisse Niveaus können daher gewissen Phasen des Quartärs zugeordnet werden, wie aus anliegender Tafel zu ersehen ist. Es ergibt sich, daß der Meeresspiegel in den ältesten Interglazialen und im Prä-Pleistozän höher lag als später. Dies kann nicht durch glaziale Eustasie erklärt werden, vielmehr sind die eustatischen Schwankungen einem viel großartigeren Prozeß des langsamen Absinkens des Niveaus des Ozeans überlagert.

Field of study: Environmental science
Noncommutative classical invariant theory

In this thesis, we consider some aspects ofnoncommutative classical invariant theory, i.e., noncommutative invariants ofthe classical group SL(2, k). We develop asymbolic method for invariants and covariants, and we use the method to compute some invariant algebras. The subspaceĨdm of the noncommutative invariant algebraĨd consisting of homogeneous elements of degreem has the structure of a module over thesymmetric group Sm. We find the explicit decomposition into irreducible modules. As a consequence, we obtain theHilbert series of the commutative classical invariant algebras. TheCayley—Sylvester theorem and theHermite reciprocity law are studied in some detail. We consider a new power series H(Ĩd,t) whose coefficients are the number of irreducibleSm-modules in the decomposition ofĨdm, and show that it is rational. Finally, we develop some analogues of all this for covariants.

Field of study: Mathematics
British Political Parties: The Distribution of Power within the Conservative and Labour Parties

Part 1 Power in the Conservative Party: the emergence of the leader the leader and his followers the "handmaid" of the party - the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations the Conservative Central Office. Part 2 Power in the Labour Party: the leader of the Labour Party the parliamentary Labour Party the Labour Party outside parliament - the role of the Trade Unions and the Constituency Parties the Labour Party Head Office.

Field of study: Political science
The Struggle for Water in Peru: Comedy and Tragedy in the Andean Commons (review)

that the urban sector presented new economic opportunities, the estanciero class remained committed to its lands, furthering its isolation for the dynamic urban and industrial sectors. Grain prices declined significantly in the 1920s, and Europe would no longer absorb Argentine productive capacity. By contrast, industrial activity in the major cities was beginning to represent a significant sector of economic production. By 1940, manufacturing contributed almost a quarter of Argentina's total output, a larger share than agriculture.

Field of study: History
Comment on "Comparison of Potential Models with the PP Scattering Data Below 350 Mev"

We point out two flaws in the recent test of nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials conducted by Stoks and de Swart. First, in some cases, the neutron-proton ($np$) version of an NN potential was compared to the proton-proton ($pp$) data, which is improper and yields (large) $\chi^2$ that are essentially meaningless. Second, for a proper test of the quantitative nature of a NN potential, it is insufficient to compare to $pp$ data only, since this leaves the T=0 potential untested. Thus, it can happen that the $pp$ version of a potential predicts the $pp$ data accurately, while the $np$ version of that same potential is poor in $np$ (where also the T=0 potential is involved). An example for this is the Nijmegen potential, which predicts the $pp$ data well with a $\chi^2$/datum of 2.0, but yields a $\chi^2$/datum of 6.5 in $np$.

Field of study: Physics
Measuring green intellectual capital in Malaysian environmentally sensitive companies

The current study examines the connection between the concepts of environmental management and intellectual capital to enable the proposal of a model to measure green intellectual capital for Malaysian environmentally sensitive companies. As of now, the indicators for measuring green intellectual capital for companies have been inconsistent and vary in practices. The indicators in the current study are developed based on the integration of intellectual capital studies and the 'Hart-Type resource domain', which is originated from the Natural Resource-based theory (NRBV), one of the well known environmental management theory. Thus, the current study offers some dimensions which highlight four essential components of green intellectual capital, namely as green human capital, green innovation capital, green process capital and green social capital. The current study is motivated to produce one measurement model on green intellectual capital which is applicable to all environmentally sensitive companies in Malaysia Keywords—green intellectual capital, green human capital, green innovation capital, green process capital and green social capital

Field of study: Business
Dimensionality, Reliability, and Predictive Evidence of Validity for Three Help-Seeking Intention Instruments: ISCI, GHSQ, and MHSIS

People’s intention to seek help from a mental health professional is thought to be the proximal cause of help-seeking behavior and thus is a dependent variable frequently measured by help-seeking researchers. Using a research design that accounted for actual future help-seeking behavior, the present study documented the dimensionality, internal consistency, and predictive evidence of validity of 3 intention instruments: the Intentions to Seek Counseling Inventory (ISCI), General Help Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), and Mental Help-Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS). The sample was composed of 405 community-dwelling adults who self-identified as currently experiencing a mental health concern. Results provided support for the ISCI’s 3-factor structure and the internal consistency of its 3 subscale scores. In contrast, the GHSQ did not demonstrate clear evidence of adequate measurement model fit or internal consistency in the present sample. Results also tentatively suggested that the 3-item MHSIS is a unidimensional instrument that produces an internally consistent total score with appropriate construct replicability. The ability of these instruments to predict who would seek help from a mental health professional in the next 3 months was also examined. The MHSIS demonstrated the strongest evidence of predictive validity (about 70% of participants were correctly classified), followed by the GHSQ and ISCI.

Field of study: Psychology
Processing technology of bound trotters

Bound trotters were developed,the soften method of pigskin was 2% sodium lactate solution,soak 24 hours,the whiten method of pigskin was 0.8% H2O2 solution in 40 ℃ whiten 30 minutes,1.0% corn modified starch could strengthen the product elasticity and enhance the slice performance,the soft fire stewing 60 minutes,the product elasticity was good,meat loaf looked evident,tasted chewy and the flavor to be rich.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Impairment in Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation of the Brachial Artery in Acromegaly

The aim of this study was to assess flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in patients with acromegaly.  We prospectively evaluated 25 patients with acromegaly (14 females, 11 males; aged 42 ± 12 years; growth hormone (GH) levels 34 ± 14 ng/ml) and 27 control subjects (15 females, 12 males; aged 45 ± 8 years; GH levels 3 ± 1.5 ng/ml). The patients and controls were matched for age, gender, body mass index, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, lipid levels, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and its duration. Endothelial function, measured as FMD of the brachial artery using ultrasound, was calculated in the 2 groups. The endothelial function was evaluated by assessing 1-min postischemic FMD of the brachial artery.  The FMD was lower in patients with acromegaly (9.97 ± 3.5%) than in controls (16.1 ± 3.4%), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).  Endothelial dysfunction may develop in the preclinical phase of atherosclerosis in patients with acromegaly. Endothelium-dependent FMD may be impaired in acromegalic patients, and measurement of endothelial function may identify high-risk individuals earlier.

Field of study: Medicine
Reduced Charge Diffusion in Thick, Fully Depleted CCDs With Enhanced Red Sensitivity

Lateral charge diffusion in charge-coupled devices (CCDs) dominates the device point-spread function (PSF), which can affect both image quality and spectroscopic resolution. We present new data and theoretical interpretations for lateral charge diffusion in thick, fully depleted CCDs developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Because they can be overdepleted, the LBNL devices have no field-free region and diffusion is controlled through the application of an external bias voltage. Recent improvements in CCD design at LBNL allow the application of bias voltages exceeding 200 V. We give results for a 3512times3512 format, 10.5 mum pixel back-illuminated p-channel CCD developed for the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP), a proposed satellite-based experiment designed to study dark energy. Lateral charge diffusion, which is well described by a symmetric two-dimensional (2-D) Gaussian function, was measured at substrate bias voltages between 3 and 115 V. At a bias voltage of 115 V, we measure a root-mean square (rms) diffusion of 3.7plusmn0.2mum. Lateral charge diffusion in LBNL CCDs will meet the SNAP requirements

Field of study: Physics
Student Tutors at Albion

OR the past four years Albion College has maintained a system of tutoring which we believe is of distinct value both to the tutors themselves and to those whom the tutors assist. Being good Methodists we like to quote scriptural authority for our assumption that the tutors as well as those tutored are benefited in such an enterprise: "Thou therefore that teacheth another, teacheth thou not thyself?" The tutors are upperclassmen who are selected by the various subjectmatter professors in co-operation with the professor of education. The student must have a good mastery in the subject-matter field in which he is expected to tutor. He must also be a young person with considerable ability in leadership as a result of a strong personality and a friendly disposition. Moreover, the tutor is supposed to have had considerable work in education and psychology. We have tried to use some students as tutors who did not have training in education and psychology, and we found that, while such tutors may do well in the matter of pure drill in various subjects, they are not so capable in diagnosing difficulties and providing remedial instruction. As a result, they cannot do much to aid students to overcome their handicaps permanently and obtain a lasting benefit. Students generally consider it an honor to be selected to work as tutors. Many of them offer to do the work without credit, and some of them prefer to do so because they wish to carry all the credit work which their tuition will allow in other subjects. We have found it much better, however, to have the students enroll for credit in an educational seminar. We do not think it best that student tutors should carry a heavy load of other work. If a tutor is overloaded and crowded for time he will be tempted to neglect something, and the thing that will be most likely neglected under such circumstances is the work for which he receives no credit. The tutor should have time for a great deal of reading of articles and books on diagnostic and remedial teaching as well as for meeting regularly with those under his care. He must hold conferences regularly with the subject-matter professor and the professor of education as well. He needs such conferences to receive advice from the professors and also to keep them informed as to the progress of the students who are being tutored. Again, the tutor must have time for preparation for his tutoring work and

Field of study: Education
Study on Quasi-Static Uniaxial Compression Properties and Constitutive Equation of Spherical Cell Porous Aluminum-Polyurethane Composites

Quasi-static uniaxial compression properties and the constitutive equation of spherical cell porous aluminum-polyurethane composites (SCPA-PU composites) were investigated in this paper. The effects of relative density on the densification strain, plateau stress and energy absorption properties of the SCPA-PU composites were analyzed. It is found that the stress-strain curves of SCPA-PU composites consist of three stages: The linear elastic part, longer plastic plateau segment and densification region. The results also demonstrate that both the plateau stress and the densification strain energy of the SCPA-PU composites can be improved by increasing the relative density of the spherical cell porous aluminum (SCPA), while the densification strain of the SCPA-PU composites shows little dependence on the relative density of the SCPA. Furthermore, the applicability of three representative phenomenological models to the constitutive equations of SCPA-PU composites are verified and compared based on the experimental results. The error analysis result indicates that the Avalle model is the best model to characterize the uniaxial compression constitutive equation of SCPA-PU composites.

Field of study: Materials science