nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing and duration of partial melting and magmatism in the Variscan Montagne Noire gneiss dome (French Massif Central)

Unravelling the detailed pressure–temperature–time-deformation (P–T–t-D) evolution of magmatic and metamorphic rocks provides essential insights into the timing and duration of partial melting and related plutonism during crustal flow and migmatitic dome formation. The Montagne Noire Axial Zone (MNAZ) is a migmatitic dome located within the Variscan orogen in the southern French Massif Central. The timing of the main thermal event that was responsible for intense partial melting is still highly debated. In this study we present new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) age data on micaschists, migmatites and granites that clarify the P–T–t-D evolution of the MNAZ. Structurally controlled samples were collected in order to constrain the timing of metamorphism, migmatization and plutonism regarding the main structural pattern D1, D2 and D3. D1 and D2 correspond to nappe stacking and dextral transpression, respectively. D3 is related to vertical shortening and coaxial thinning with a preferential NE–SW- to E–W-directed stretching. LA-ICP-MS analyses on the syntectonic Anglès, Soulié and Martys granites yielded U–Th/Pb monazite ages of 305 ± 1.5, 306 ± 1.9 and 314 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Five migmatitic rocks sampled in the eastern and central Espinouse area yielded in situ ages ranging between 312 ± 2 and 301 ± 2 Ma. Along the dome envelope, two garnet–staurolite-bearing micaschists near Saint-Pons-de-Thomières village gave in situ U–Th–Pb ages of 312.1 ± 2.1 and 309.0 ± 3.1 Ma. A fine-grained gneiss with a D3 fabrics in the eastern dome envelope yield a 208Pb/232Th mean age at 305.7 ± 3.9 Ma. All ages obtained in this study for the micaschists, migmatites and granites range between 315 and 301 Ma. We interpret this time span as the record of the high thermal event responsible for intense crustal partial melting within the lower and middle crust. The onset of partial melting occurred at ca. 315 Ma that marked the beginning of transpressional deformation D2. Based on structural and petrological studies, our new U–Th–Pb results suggest that (1) partial melting may have started at ca. 315 Ma and lasted 15–10 Myr and (2) D2 et D3 developed between 315 and 300 Ma and were synchronous. D1 deformation ended at 315 Ma. The onset and duration of D1 related to nappe stacking and crustal thickening is still uncertain.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Finite Time Ruin Probability of a New Risk Model Based on Entrance Process

In this article, we consider a new insurance risk model based on the entrance process proposed in Li et al. (2005), and investigate the finite time ruin probabilities of this model. It is showed that an exponential upper bound for the finite time ruin probability exists, when the distributions of the claim size are light tailed. Furthermore, when the distributions of the claim size are heavy tailed, an asymptotic formula for the finite time ruin probability is obtained.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of the first day correction on systematic setup error reduction.

Treatment simulation is usually performed with a conventional simulator using kV X-rays or with a computed tomography (CT) simulator before the treatment course begins. The purpose is to verify patient setup under the same conditions as for treatment planning. Systematic (preparation) setup errors can be introduced by this process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the setup errors using electronic portal image (EPI) analyses and to propose a method to reduce the systematic component by performing simulation and patient preparation on the treatment machine. In this study, the first four or five days EPIs were analyzed from a total of 533 prostate cancer patients who were simulated on conventional simulators. We characterized setup errors using four parameters: {M(microi), Sigma (microi), RMS(microi), sigma (sigmai)}, where microi and sigmai are individual patient mean and standard deviation, M, Sigma, and RMS are the mean, standard deviation, and root-mean-square of underlying variables (microi and sigmai). We have performed a simulation of removing systematic components by correcting the first day setup error. As a comparison, we also carried out a similar analyses for patients simulated on a CT simulator and patients treated on a linac with an on-board kV CT imaging system, although a limited number of patients were available in these two samples. We found that Sigma (/ui)=(2.6,3.4,2.4) mm, and RMS(sigmai)=(1.5,1.9,1.0) mm in lateral, anterior/posterior, and cranial/caudal directions, indicating that systematic errors are much larger than random errors. Strong correlations were found between measurement on the first day and microi, implying the first day's measurement is a good predictor for microi. The same parameters were also computed for days 2-4, with and without the first day correction. Without correction, M(microi)2-4=(0.7,1.6,-1.0) mm, and Sigma(microi)2-4=(2.6,3.5,2.4) mm. With correction, M(microi)2-4=(0.0,0.4,0.4) mm, much closer to zero, and Sigma(microi)2-4=(1.8,2.2, 1.2) mm, also much smaller. While the use of a CT simulator can reduce the systematic errors, the benefits of first day correction can still be observed, although at a smaller magnitude. Therefore, the systematic setup error can be significantly reduced if the patient is marked and fields are verified on the treatment machine on the first fraction, preferably with an on-board kV imaging system.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Multi-Party PSM, Revisited

Private Simultaneous Messages (PSM) is a minimal model for information-theoretic non-interactive multi-party computation. In the 2-party case, Beimel et al. showed every function f : [N ]× [N ]→ {0, 1} admits a 2-party PSM with communication complexity O( √ N). Recently, Beimel, Kushilevitz and Nissim studied the multi-party case, showed every function f : [N ] → {0, 1} admits a 3-party PSM with communication complexity O(N). We provide new upper bounds for general k-party case. The new upper bounds match previous best results when k = 2 or 3, and improve the communication complexity for infinitely many k > 3. The technique also implies 2-party PSM with unbalanced communication complexity. Concretely, we show – For infinitely many k — in particular, including all k ≤ 19 — we construct k-party PSM protocols for arbitrary function f : [N ] → {0, 1}, whose communication complexity is Ok(N k−1 2 ). We also provide evidence suggesting the existence of such protocol for all k. – For many 0 < η < 1 — including all rational η = d/k such that k ≤ 12 — we construct 2-party PSM protocols for arbitrary function f : [N ]× [N ]→ {0, 1}, whose communication complexity is Oη(N) for one party, Oη(N 1−η) for the other. We also provide evidence suggesting the existence of such protocol for all rational η.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Paleoclimatic interpretations of buried paleosols within the pre-Illinoian till sequence in northern Missouri, USA

Northern Missouri preserves shallow buried paleosols ranging in age from Early to Late Pleistocene that are developed in six pre-Illinoian tills beneath Illinoian (MIS 6) and Wisconsinan (MIS 4-2) loess. The morphology of these paleosols changes with age, reflecting a changing climate during the Pleistocene, and cosmogenic-nuclide burial dates of the respective sola provide age control on the timing of these changes. The depth to secondary calcium carbonate nodules within the weathering profiles increases with younger age, indicating a transition to moister conditions during the Pleistocene, and these nodules are absent entirely within the modern soils. After approximately 0.4 Ma, the sola became distinctly redder, even as the time available for pedogenesis became shorter, culminating in the bright red Sangamon Geosol (MIS 5). This trend is consistent with increasing interglacial temperatures and/or precipitation. Finally, erosion rates determined from cosmogenic-nuclide concentrations within the sola also increase systematically with younger age. This increase may be due to some combination of changing climate, more-frequent glaciations and the deposition of a thick cover of unconsolidated glacial sediment above the stable residuum-dominated preglacial landscape.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Three-Dimensional Acoustic Double-Zero-Index Medium with a Fourfold Degenerate Dirac-like Point.

We report the first realization of a three-dimensional (3D) acoustic double-zero-index medium (DZIM) made of a cubic lattice of metal rods. While the past decade has seen several realizations of 2D DZIM, achieving such a medium in 3D has remained an elusive challenge. Here, we show how a fourfold degenerate point with conical dispersion can be induced at the Brillouin zone center, such that the material becomes a 3D DZIM with the effective mass density and compressibility simultaneously acquiring near-zero values. To demonstrate the functionalities of this new medium, we have fabricated an acoustic waveguide of 3D DZIM in form of a "periscope" with two 90° turns and observed tunneling of a normally incident planar wave through the waveguide yielding undistorted planar wave front at the waveguide exit. Our findings establish a practical route to realize 3D DZIM as an effective acoustic "void space" that offers unprecedented control over acoustic wave propagation.

Field of study: Physics
Two autopsy cases of rupture of the aorta by fistula formation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair and open stent-grafting on aortic arch aneurysm.

The mortality rate of aortic aneurysm/dissection is low in Japan. Two surgical procedures, the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and the open stent-grafting have contributed much in survival of such aneurysmal patients. We encountered with two autopsy cases of death by aortic rupture with fistula formation after these procedures. Case 1 is an 85-year-old male who had the history of TEVAR for thoracic aorta aneurysm one and a half year before his death. His endovascular stent-graft was composed of a steel endoskeleton consisting of six Z-shape elements while at autopsy, one of the elements locating at the distal part was found inserted deep into the wall of descending aorta, causing aorto-esophageal fistula. Case 2 is an 88-year-old male who had the history of open stent-grafting for aortic aneurysm eight years ago. At autopsy, the stent-graft was found detached from aorta at its lesser curvature, causing gap formation between the aorta and the stent. Six Z-shaped stent elements, the parts of stent-graft, were found separated from descending aorta and located in the aneurism. Furthermore, three of the separated elements were found inserted deep in the aortic wall, causing aorto-pulmonary fistula. Since aorto-esophageal fistula formation after surgery for aortic aneurysm is very rare in TEVAR and there are no reported cases of death by aorto-pulmonary fistula in the open stent-grafting, these cases are reported here.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
On Higher Education Coordinate Development in Zhejiang with Population and Economic Society in the Following Decade

Higher education coordinate development is the ideal state of higher education development,which is closely related to demographic,social,economic,science and technology,resources and environment and other factors.In the following decade,there're three aspects which should be paid more attention for higher education coordinate development with population and economic society in Zhejiang.First,to control the enrollment students scale of each college within measure,and attract high quality students from other provinces;secondly,to develop the postgraduate education rapidly,strengthen the undergraduate education,and deepen higher vocational education and specialty education;thirdly,to construct disciplines and specialties under the orientation of "application supreme,basic research breakthrough",consistent with the direction of industrial restructure.

Field of study: Education
Genetic Networks in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output neuron of the eye, transmitting visual information from the retina through the optic nerve to the brain. The importance of RGCs for vision is demonstrated in blinding diseases where RGCs are lost, such as in glaucoma or after optic nerve injury. In the present study, we hypothesize that normal RGC function is transcriptionally regulated. To test our hypothesis, we examine large retinal expression microarray datasets from recombinant inbred mouse strains in GeneNetwork and define transcriptional networks of RGCs and their subtypes. Two major and functionally distinct transcriptional networks centering around Thy1 and Tubb3 (Class III beta-tubulin) were identified. Each network is independently regulated and modulated by unique genomic loci. Meta-analysis of publically available data confirms that RGC subtypes are differentially susceptible to death, with alpha-RGCs and intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs) being less sensitive to cell death than other RGC subtypes in a mouse model of glaucoma.

Field of study: Biology
The Technology of the Prediction of Shrinkage and Porosity during Low Pressure Casting Process

In this paper, the influence of the pressure on the critical solid fraction was considered; the critical solid fraction method under the pressure condition was proposed to predict porosity. On the other hand, based on the darcy law, a new shrinkage prediction method related to pressure, temperature gradient and cooling rate was put out. The criterion had been successfully applied in the low-pressure casting module of castsoft, which had been developed by the casting centre of North China Institute of Technology.

Field of study: Materials science
Antenatal and postnatal risk factors of obesity in children age 2-5 years old in Yogyakarta District, Indonesia

Obesity and overweight have become a health issue throughout the world, with a dramatic increase in prevalence each year. An obese child is thought to be adorable, but parents are not aware of the health risk it holds. Preventive measures by decreasing the risk factors for obesity are more effective than treating the problem. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of obesity in antenatal and postnatal period in children in Yogyakarta District. This was an observational study with a case control design. Criteria of obesity were defined according to WHO 2006 growth chart. Subjects were children age 2 to 5 years old that were enrolled in playgroups in the Yogyakarta Distric with a targeted sample size of 41 children. Parents of children that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were given questionnaires to fill out. The results were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Thirty four obese children and 34 non obese children (as control) were explored for the obesity risk factors. Prematurity/gestational age (OR=16; 95%CI=3.27-78.28; p=0.001), passive smoking (OR=5.50; 95%CI=1.90-15.96; p=0.001), low birth weight (OR=7.27; 95%CI=1.45-36.47; p=0.008), eating more than 3 times daily (OR=2.19; 95%CI=1.66-2.89; p=0.007), meals that are high in lipid (OR=4.18; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.007) were shown to be risk factors for obesity in children. Factors such as picky eaters (OR=0.16; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.002), early introduction to solid food (OR=0.29; 95%CI=0.10-0.79; p=0.01), exercise (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.06-0.32; p=0.04), and watching TV or playing video game under 2 hours daily (OR=0.30; 95%CI=0.09- 0.95; p=0.04) were identified as protective factors against obesity. By using the multivariate analysis, there were only 2 risk factors for obesity i.e. eating more than 3 times daily and prematurity/gestational age and there were only 2 protective factors i.e. exercise and introduction to solid food that remained statistically significant as independent factors influencing obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years old in the Yogyakarta District.  obesity - children age 2 to 5 years old - antenatal - postnatal - risk factors

Field of study: Medicine
Harmonic Analysis Associated with the Generalized Weinstein Operator

In this paper we consider a generalized Weinstein operator ∆d,α,n on Rd−1×]0,∞[, which generalizes the Weinstein operator ∆d,α, we define the generalized Weinstein intertwining operator Rα,n which turn out to be transmutation operator between ∆d,α,n and the Laplacian operator ∆d. We build the dual of the generalized Weinstein intertwining operatortRα,n, another hand we prove the formula related Rα,n andtRα,n . We exploit these transmutation operators to develop a new harmonic analysis corresponding to ∆d,α,n.

Field of study: Mathematics
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2).

Human rhinoviruses, the major cause of mild recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, are small icosahedral particles. Over 100 different serotypes have been identified. The majority (91 serotypes) use intercellular adhesion molecule 1 as the cell-attachment site; ten serotypes (the minor group) bind to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Three different crystal forms of the minor-group human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2) were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using ammonium sulfate and sodium/potassium phosphate as precipitants. Monoclinic crystals, space group P2(1), diffracted at least to 2.8 A resolution, and two complete virus particles were located in the crystal asymmetric unit. A second type of crystals had a compact cubic like morphology and diffracted beyond 2.5 A resolution. These crystals belong to a primitive orthorhombic space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 309.3, b = 353.5, c = 759.6 A, and contain one virus particle in the asymmetric unit. A third type of crystals, with a prismatic shape and belonging to space group I222, was also obtained under similar crystallization conditions. These latter crystals, with unit-cell parameters a = 308.7, b = 352.2, c = 380.5 A, diffracted to high resolution (beyond 1.8 A) and contained 15 protomers per asymmetric unit; this requires that three perpendicular crystal twofold axes coincide with three of the viral particle's dyad axes.

Field of study: Chemistry
Quadrupole collectivity of neutron-rich neon isotopes

The Angular Momentum Projected Generator Coordinate Method, with the quadrupole moment as collective coordinate and the Gogny force (D1S) as the effective interaction, is used to describe the properties of the ground state and low-lying excited states of the even-even neon isotopes 20-34Ne, that is, from the stability valley up to the drip line. It is found that the ground state of the N = 20 nucleus 30Ne is deformed but to a lesser extent than the N = 20 isotope of the magnesium. In the calculations, the isotope 32Ne is at the drip line in good agreement with other theoretical predictions. On the other hand, rather good agreement with experimental data for many observables is obtained.

Field of study: Physics
Aetiology and treatment of symptomatic idiopathic urethral strictures in children.

To report the presentation and treatment outcomes on a series of 12 paediatric bulbar or posterior urethral strictures that were possibly congenital in origin, identified in a 9-year period.



A retrospective case-note review of all cases of urethral strictures thought to be congenital in origin, prospectively collected into the departmental database.



The age at presentation had a bimodal distribution with 6/12 presenting in the first year of life of which four had antenatal hydronephrosis and 5/12 presenting after the age of 11 years. All six patients under 1-year old had a successful outcome following urethrotomy and urethral dilatation. Four of five over 11 years of age ultimately required an urethroplasty and one 3-year-old may well require an urethroplasty in the future.



This outcome, in conjunction with the bimodal age distribution at presentation, would suggest a different aetiology in older children, and we would urge caution in classifying strictures in ambulant children as genuinely congenital, as this population may represent the long-term manifestation of unrecorded bulbar urethral trauma or asymptomatic inflammation. Optical urethrotomy or dilatation is durable when treated in infancy, but older patients do not experience prolonged resolution and we would recommend treatment along adult lines for these.

Field of study: Medicine
Configuration Self-Repair in Xilinx FPGAs

The usage of static random access memory-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) on high-energy physics detectors is mostly limited by the sensitivity of devices to radiation-induced upsets in their configuration. In this paper, we describe a scrubber core designed for Xilinx FPGAs, based on configuration redundancy. When no upsets happen in homologous redundant bits and the scrubber is functional, the adopted redundancy makes it possible to correct all the errors. In fact, the scrubber corrects its own configuration and the one pertaining to a given user design. We discuss the architecture and two implementations of the scrubber, corresponding to different flavors of triple modular redundancy. We report results from proton irradiation tests, which prove that our core can extend the lifetime of a benchmark circuit up to 290%.

Field of study: Physics
ASSESSMENT OF BOILING HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP CORRELATIONS OF AMMONIA/ WATER MIXTURE IN A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Plate heat exchangers are gaining acceptance in absorption refrigeration systems due to their high transfer rates, compactness, and low refrigerant charge. Nevertheless, boiling heat transfer and pressure drop studies with mixtures in plate heat exchangers (PHEs) are scarce. In this study, the experimental data of Taboas et al. (2010) on flow boiling of ammonia/water in a plate heat exchanger are compared with the predicted values using the correlations available in the open literature for the boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. In addition, this study proposes a new correlation based on a separate model by which to obtain the boiling coefficient. The new correlation uses a transition criterion, divided into an apparent nucleate boiling region where pure convective boiling cannot appear, and a region with competition between convective and apparent nucleate boiling. The correlation proposed can predict 98% of data from Taboas et al. (2010) within 20% error.

Field of study: Engineering