nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on an Optimization Model for Logistics Nodes System Layout and Its Solution Algorithm

Based on the logistics nodes system consisting of first-degree logistics node (logistics park) secondary logistics nodes (including logistics center and distribution center), a dynamic logistics nodes location model of multi-period , multi-type cargo flow and multiple logistics nodes is given. The optimization model considers the factors including fixed cost for logistics opening, handling cost and economic of scale of different type logistics nodes. An effective algorithm based on the improved minimum cost-maximal flow algorithm and genetic algorithm is presented according to the characteristic of optimization problem. Finally, a numerical example is provided to validate the proposed model and solution algorithm. The findings indicate that the model proposed in this paper is a useful tool for the investigation of the Multi-period and Multiple Logistics Node Dynamic Location Problem.

Field of study: Business
Model Design of Electronic Based Managerial and Academic Supervision Applicaton (E-SUKMA) to Increase School Supervisor Performance at Education and Sports Department in Boalemo District

This study purpose  was: 1) to describe the initial conditions of school supervisors performance in DIKPORA in Boalemo District, 2) to develop a more effective supervision model to improve the School Supervisor Performances in DIKPORA in Boalemo District, 3) to describe the school supervisor performance improvement level at DIKPORA in Boalemo District with E-Sukma implementation usage, 4) to describe the discipline level of school supervisors in DIKPORA in Boalemo District to do the main tasks at school. The research uses Research and Development (R & D) method. The steps used include: 1) determining the potential and problems, 2) data collection, 3) product design, 4) design validation, 5) design revisions, 6) product trials, 7) product revisions, 8) usage trials, 9) product revisions, and 10 ) mass production or final product. Product quality testing uses ISO 25010 quality standards for functional suitability, usability, and reliability. Functional suitability testing uses testing by expert software developers. Usability testing questionnaires was given to school supervisors, principals, and teachers. Reliability test uses stress testing with WAPT implementation. This study produced 5 findings. First, The School Supervisor Performance in initial conditions based on preliminary study was 68.81 with classification "Enough". Second, E-Sukma implementation uses ISO 25010 quality standards, namely functional suitability, usability, and reliability. Functional ability testing obtained the Compatibility Value 1 with category "Good". Usability testing obtained percentage of 97.83% with category "Very Good". Testing reliability obtained a level of error of 0% and a success rate of 100% with category "Good". Third, the School Supervisor Performances increased after using the implementation of E-Sukma from 68.81 to 89.55 or increased from Simple to Good classification. Forth, level of discipline or attendance to do tasks was 100%, but the timeliness only 60% of school supervisors on time and 40% late. Fifth, the impact of E-Sukma implementation for Principals and teachers was very good with Usability 98.30% and 94.80%.  E-Sukma implementation, supervisor, principal, teacher, performance.

Field of study: Education
Amiloride increases sodium chloride taste detection threshold in rats.

The epithelial sodium-channel blocker amiloride has been shown to inhibit sodium responses in the 7th cranial nerve of the rat. In the signal detection task used in this study, amiloride (100 microM) treatment raised the NaCl threshold by approximately 1 log10 unit. The inhibition constant for amiloride was 1 microM at 0.013 M NaCl. Because the NaCl intake of adult rats has been shown to be related to the level of dietary NaCl exposure early in development, rats were exposed by way of maternal diet to 1 of 3 diets (0.1% NaCl, n = 8; 1.0% NaCl, n = 8; 3.0% NaCl, n = 9) from conception through weaning, to determine whether this treatment affects taste sensitivity. At Postnatal Day 30, rats were placed on 1.0% NaCl chow. This treatment did not affect NaCl detection or amiloride sensitivity in adulthood. The amiloride-induced shifts in NaCl sensitivity functions imply that the transcellular sodium transduction pathway is necessary for normal NaCl detection in the rat.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Eine wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretische Begründung und Interpretation der Quantenmechanik

ZusammenfassungDie bisherigen Untersuchungen über das Verhältnis der Quantenmechanik zu den anderen statistischen Disziplinen der Physik zeigten, daß die beiden Theorien viele ähnliche Züge aufweisen. Diese Ähnlichkeit beruht jedoch der Gegenwärtigen Auffassung gemäß nur auf formale Analogien. Diese Analogie schließt das Auftreten grundlegender Unterschiede beider Disziplinen.nicht aus, die beim heutigen Stand der Quantenmechanik unüberbrückbar erscheinen. Anschließend erörtern wir Sätze, die sich aufMarkoffsche Prozesse beziehen, und die solche neue Zusammenhänge ergeben, auf Grund deren die bisherigen Gegensätze von selbst wegfallen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit sind kurz zusammengefaßt die folgenden: Auch fürMarkoffsche Prozesse bestehen gewisse Unbestimmtheitsrelationen. Auch denMarkoffschen Prozessen kann eine gewisse Währscheinlichkeits-Amplitudenfunktion zugeordnet werden. DieFokkersche Gleichung behält ihre Gültigkeit auch in der Quantenmechanik. Die Relation vonHeisenberg ist ein spezieller Fall der Unbestimmtheitsrelation derMarkoffschen Prozesse. Die wellenmechanisohe Wellenfunktion ist ein spezieller Fall der —Markoffschen Prozessen zugeordneter — Wahrscheinlichkeits-Amplitudenfunktionen. Die wellenmechanischen Prozesse sind spezielleMarkoffsche Prozesse. Die Relation vonHeisenberg ist (im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Interpretation)ausschlieβlich eine Folge der statistischen Betrachtungsweise, und ist von den bei den Messungen auftretenden Störungen unabhängig. Das Problem der „verborgenen Parameter“ kann auch in der Quantenmechanik dem Prinzip der Kausalität gemäß gelöst werden.  Schluß folgt die statistische Herleitung derSchrödingerschen Gleichung.

Field of study: Physics
ChIAMM: A Mixture Model for Statistical Analysis of Long-Range Chromatin Interactions From ChIA-PET Experiments

Chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) is an important experimental method for detecting specific protein-mediated chromatin loops genome-wide at high resolution. Here, we proposed a new statistical approach with a mixture model, chromatin interaction analysis using mixture model (ChIAMM), to detect significant chromatin interactions from ChIA-PET data. The statistical model is cast into a Bayesian framework to consider more systematic biases: the genomic distance, local enrichment, mappability, and GC content. Using different ChIA-PET datasets, we evaluated the performance of ChIAMM and compared it with the existing methods, including ChIA-PET Tool, ChiaSig, Mango, ChIA-PET2, and ChIAPoP. The result showed that the new approach performed better than most top existing methods in detecting significant chromatin interactions in ChIA-PET experiments.

Field of study: Biology
Imaging quantum spin Hall edges in monolayer WTe2

Real-space imaging reveals rich microscopic details of the quantum spin Hall edge conduction in monolayer WTe2. A two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator exhibits the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, in which topologically protected conducting channels exist at the sample edges. Experimental signatures of the QSH effect have recently been reported in an atomically thin material, monolayer WTe2. Here, we directly image the local conductivity of monolayer WTe2 using microwave impedance microscopy, establishing beyond doubt that conduction is indeed strongly localized to the physical edges at temperatures up to 77 K and above. The edge conductivity shows no gap as a function of gate voltage, and is suppressed by magnetic field as expected. We observe additional conducting features which can be explained by edge states following boundaries between topologically trivial and nontrivial regions. These observations will be critical for interpreting and improving the properties of devices incorporating WTe2. Meanwhile, they reveal the robustness of the QSH channels and the potential to engineer them in the monolayer material platform.

Field of study: Physics
Sample size calculation for count outcomes in cluster randomization trials with varying cluster sizes

In many cluster randomization studies, cluster sizes are not fixed and may be highly variable. For those studies, sample size estimation assuming a constant cluster size may lead to under-powered studies. Sample size formulas have been developed to incorporate the variability in cluster size for clinical trials with continuous and binary outcomes. Count outcomes frequently occur in cluster randomized studies. In this paper, we derive a closed-form sample size formula for count outcomes accounting for the variability in cluster size. We compare the performance of the proposed method with the average cluster size method through simulation. The simulation study shows that the proposed method has a better performance with empirical powers and type I errors closer to the nominal levels.

Field of study: Mathematics
The advanced photon source: performance and results from early operation.

The Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory is now providing researchers with high-brilliance undulator radiation from below 1 keV to beyond 100 keV. All technical facilities and components are operational and have met design specifications. Fourteen research teams, with responsibility for 40 beamlines on the APS experiment hall floor, are currently installing beamline instrumentation or actively taking data. An overview is presented for the first operational year of the Advanced Photon Source. Emphasis is on the performance of accelerators and insertion devices, as well as early scientific results and future plans.

Field of study: Physics
Welding Process for 16MnR+316L Stainless Cladding Steel Sheet with (50+5)mm Thickness

The weldablity of 16MnR+316L stainless cladding steel sheet with(50+5) mm thickness was analyzed from the aspects of welding method,welding material,welding groove,welding preheating and PWHT,the selection of nondestructive testing after welding and welding procedure qulification were discussed.The proper welding process was assured,which was applied in the welding of slag pot successfully.

Field of study: Materials science
It’s a journey: from media effects to dynamic systems

This paper aims to demonstrate how an analytical paradigm shift from the General Linear Model (GLM) used in most communication processes and effects research to dynamic systems theory (DST, a nonlinear mathematical theory), fundamentally changes one’s research assumptions and research questions and leads to novel approaches to research design, data collection, and analysis. Concrete examples demonstrating these changes are drawn from the co-viewing literature. In addition, we discuss how data collected and interpreted using the GLM can be re-analyzed and re-interpreted to further inform our understanding of communication behavior when we use the assumptions of dynamic systems theory to derive new predictions.

Field of study: Psychology
Variational Nonlinear System Identification

This paper considers parameter estimation for nonlinear state-space models, which is an important but challenging problem. We address this challenge by employing a variational inference (VI) approach, which is a principled method that has deep connections to maximum likelihood estimation. This VI approach ultimately provides estimates of the model as solutions to an optimisation problem, which is deterministic, tractable and can be solved using standard optimisation tools. A specialisation of this approach for systems with additive Gaussian noise is also detailed. The proposed method is examined numerically on a range of simulation and real examples with a focus on robustness to parameter initialisations; we additionally perform favourable comparisons against state-of-the-art alternatives.

Field of study: Computer science
Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Nodulisporium sp. from Juniperus cedre

Seven new metabolites, 3-hydroxy-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one (1), 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)butan-1-one (3), 2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (6), the dimeric naphthalenes nodulisporin A (9) and B (10), and the first naturally occurring dimeric indanone, nodulisporin C (12), as well as (4E,6E)-2,4,6-trimethylocta-4,6-dien-3-one (13) were isolated together with ten known compounds (2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14–17) from the culture extract of the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp. from Juniperus cedre from Gomera Island. The structure of dictafolin-A, previously erroneously assigned as structure 6, is not identical with 2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methylchromen-4-one, isolated in this investigation. The structures of new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (mainly extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectral measurements) and X-ray single crystal analysis. All but one of the thirteen tested compounds exhibit herbicidal, antifungal and/or antibacterial activities.

Field of study: Chemistry
Procedure for the determination of 2,4-D and dicamba in inhalation, dermal, hand-wash, and urine samples from spray applicators.

Analytical procedures for the simultaneous determination of residues of 2,4-D and dicamba from polyurethane foam plug air samplers, ethylene glycol impregnated glass-fiber filter paper dermal samplers, 1% sodium bicarbonate hand wash solution, and urine are presented. Residues were derivatized with diazomethane and quantitated using electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries were greater than 80% at the limit of detection in all substrates. The limits of detection for both herbicides were 0.1 microgram/foam plug and 0.5 micrograms/filter paper, and in the urine, 1.7 micrograms/100 mL and 5.0 micrograms/100 mL for dicamba and 2,4-D, respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
FSD1: developmentally-regulated plastidial, nuclear and cytoplasmic enzyme with anti-oxidative and osmoprotective role.

Although superoxide dismutases (SODs) are prominent superoxide radical (O2 ·- ) - decomposing enzymes determining plant abiotic stress tolerance, the data on their subcellular localization and developmental expression are elusive. Therefore, we aimed to address the developmental expression, organ-specific, and subcellular localization patterns of iron superoxide dismutase FSD1 in Arabidopsis using advanced fluorescence microscopy methods. We found that fsd1 knockout mutants exhibit reduced lateral root number and that this phenotype was complemented by proFSD1::GFP:FSD1 and proFSD1::FSD1:GFP constructs. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy revealed a temporary accumulation of FSD1-GFP at the site of endosperm rupture during seed germination. In emerged roots, FSD1-GFP showed the highest abundance in cells of the lateral root cap, columella, and endodermis/cortex initials. The largest subcellular pool of FSD1-GFP was localized in the plastid stroma, while it was also located in the nuclei and cytoplasm. FSD1 is crucial for seed germination and salt stress tolerance, which is tightly coupled with FSD1-GFP subcellular relocation to the plasma membrane. It is most likely involved in superoxide decomposition in the periplasm. Plastidial FSD1 pool is required for acquiring full oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. This study suggests a new osmoprotective function of SODs in plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Field of study: Environmental science
Augmenting predictive with oblivious routing for wireless mesh networks under traffic uncertainty

Traffic routing is central to the utility and scalability of wireless mesh networks. Many recent routing studies have examined this issue, but generally they have assumed that the demand is constant and given in advance. On the contrary, wireless traffic studies have shown that demand is highly variable and difficult to predict, even when aggregated at access points. There are several approaches for handling volatile traffic. On one hand, traffic may be modeled in real-time with a dynamic routing based upon forecasted traffic demand. On the other hand, routing can be made with the focus towards maximally unbalanced demand, such that the worst-case performance is contained (known as oblivious routing). The first approach can perform competitively when traffic can be forecasted with accuracy, but may result in unbounded worst-case performance when forecasts go wrong. It is an open question how these two approaches would compare with each other in real networks and if possible at all, whether a benchmark could be defined to guide the selection of the appropriate routing strategy. To answer the above open question, this paper conducts a systematic comparison study of the two approaches based on the extensive simulation study over a variety of network scenarios with real-world traffic trace. It identifies the key factors of the network topology and traffic profile that affect the performance of each routing strategy. A series of metrics are examined with varying powers of forecasting whether predictive routing or oblivious routing will perform better. Following the guidelines defined by these metrics, we present an adaptive strategy which augments the performance of the predictive routing with the worst-case bound provided by the oblivious routing through adaptive selection of routing strategies based on the degree of traffic uncertainty.

Field of study: Computer science
Stent-assisted coil embolization of MCA aneurysm via a trans-posterior communicating artery access.

External carotid artery (ECA) to internal carotid artery (ICA) bypass is a well-established procedure for the treatment of chronic ischemic diseases of the carotid artery. Rarely de novo aneurysms can develop at the site of anastomosis. The treatment of these aneurysms can be very challenging due to various factors, including the presence of graft, previous craniotomy, atherosclerotic vessels, and lack of direct access. In this video the authors report and discuss the management of a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) wide-necked de novo aneurysm by stent-assisted coiling through a retrograde trans-posterior communicating artery access.The video can be found here:

Field of study: Medicine
Removal of hydrogen sulfide in pressurized spout-fluid bed coal gasifer with calcium-based sorbents

Experimental study of removing hydrogen disulfide was carried out in a 0.1 MW thermal input pressurized spout-fluid bed during coal gasification.The effects of temperature,pressure,particle size of calcium-based desulfurizer and molar ratio of Ca to S were systematically investigated.The desulfurization efficiency increased with increasing temperature and operation pressure but the extent of increase became weaker.The desulfurization efficiency increased with increasing molar ratio of Ca to S,but did not increase greatly when the molar ratio of Ca to S was more than 2.The desulfurization efficiency increased with decreasing particle size of desulfurizer.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
The Shifting Contours of University Governance in the United States

The shifting countours of university governance in the United States reveal that shared governance is still the overriding principle guiding the decision-making in American universities despite the comment that corporate ways are the norm in research universities;that,while there is no definitive trend in the change of university governance structures,increasing attention has been paid to university governance cultures;and that the principle of checks and balances is still effective in regulating academic and administrative powers in the academia.These changes have also significant implications for China's higher education in quest for the modern university system.

Field of study: Education
Coupled reaction channel study of the 12C(alpha,8Be) reaction, and the 8Be+8Be optical potential

Given the established 2 alpha structure of 8Be, a realistic model of 4 interacting alpha clusters must be used to obtain a 8Be+8Be interaction potential. Such a four-body problem poses a challenge for the determination of the 8Be+8Be optical potential (OP) that is still unknown due to the lack of the elastic 8Be+8Be scattering data. The main goal of the present study is to probe the complex 8Be+8Be optical potential in the coupled reaction channel (CRC) study of the alpha transfer 12C(alpha,8Be) reaction measured at 65 MeV, and to obtain the spectroscopic information on the alpha+8Be cluster configuration of 12C. The 3- and 4-body Continuum-Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) methods are used to calculate the elastic alpha+8Be and 8Be+8Be scattering at the energy around 16 MeV/nucleon, with the breakup effect taken into account explicitly. Using the CDCC-based OP and alpha spectroscopic factors given by the cluster model calculation, a good CRC description of the alpha transfer data without any adjustment of the (complex) potential strength.

Field of study: Physics
A heat exchanger model for mixtures and pure refrigerant cycle simulations

This paper describes a heat exchanger simulation developed for transient and steady state cycle simulations of mixtures and pure components. The simulation focuses on air to refrigerant condensers and evaporators found in residential heat pumps. The refrigerant differential momentum, continuity, species and energy equations are solved for these components and the steady state results are verified experimentally. Ten different heat transfer correlations for condensation and evaporation are evaluated to determine which best reproduces experimental data. Of those tested Jung and Radermacher's (1989, ) heat transfer correlation worked the best for evaporation while Dobson et al.'s (1994, ACRC Project 37) correlation worked the best for condensation. The experimentally determined capacity of four cross flow heat exchangers operating as condensers and evaporators with four different refrigerants is compared to the simulation results. The capacities predicted by the simulation agreed with the experimental results within ±8.0%. Furthermore, the simulation is used to quantify the effects of using a zeotropic mixture, R-407C, with cross, parallel and counter flow heat exchangers. As compared to a typical cross flow heat exchanger at typical heat pump operating conditions, the simulation predits that a pure parallel flow heat exchanger can decrease capacity by as much as 8.3% while a pure counter flow heat exchanger can increase performance by up to 4.4%.

Field of study: Engineering