nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic activation of PtdIns 3-kinase by tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide and beta gamma-subunits of GTP-binding proteins.

Stimulation of differentiated THP-1 cells by insulin led to rapid accumulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, a product of PtdIns 3-kinase. Stimulation of the GTP-binding-protein-linked receptor by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) also induced the accumulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the cells. The effect of insulin was, while that of fMLP was not, accompanied by increased PtdIns 3-kinase activity in the anti-phosphotyrosine immuno-precipitate. The combination of insulin and fMLP induced more PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production than the sum of the individual effects. The insulin-induced recruitment of PtdIns 3-kinase activity in the anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitate was unaffected by the combined treatment with fMLP. To investigate the mechanism underlying the synergistic accumulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, we separated the cytosolic proteins of THP-1 cells on a Mono Q column. PtdIns 3-kinase activities were eluted in two peaks, and one of the peaks markedly increased on the addition of beta gamma-subunits of GTP-binding proteins (G beta gamma). The other peak was affected only slightly by G beta gamma, but was synergistically increased by G beta gamma and a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide which was synthesized accordingly to the amino acid sequence of insulin receptor substrate-1. The activity in the latter fraction was completely immunoprecipitated by an antibody against the regulatory subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase (p85). These results suggest that the conventional PtdIns 3-kinase (p85/p110), which has been implicated in insulin-induced cellular events, or a closely related isoenzyme is controlled by a combination of a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein and a GTP-binding protein in intact cells.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
storm Erosivity Using Idealized Intensity Distributions

EQUATIONS were derived that compute storm rainfall energy, maximum thirty-minute intensity, and erosivity directly from rainfall amount, storm duration, and tabulated factor values. The method was based on the assumption of idealized rainfall intensity distributions where intensities were arranged in descending order. Several observed storms were evaluated to determine how well the distributions fit observed data and to determine parameter values for individual rainfall events. Each distribution was described by a nonuniformity coefficient, which was defined by a relationship between peak and average intensity. A revised unit energy equation was also developed and used to compute storm energy values by this method. These values were very close to those computed by standard procedures for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The method tends to overestimate maximum 30 min intensity, which in general gives larger rainfall erosivity values than does the USLE procedure. Please view the PDF for the complete article. The text below is only to aid searches. It is unformatted and incomplete, lacking figures, tables, and equations.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Spectral estimates for finite combinations of Hermite functions and null-controllability of hypoelliptic quadratic equations

Some recent works have shown that the heat equation posed on the whole Euclidean space is null-controllable in any positive time if and only if the control subset is a thick set. This necessary and sufficient condition for null-controllability is linked to some uncertainty principles as the Logvinenko-Sereda theorem which give limitations on the simultaneous concentration of a function and its Fourier transform. In the present work, we prove new uncertainty principles for finite combinations of Hermite functions and establish an analogue of the Logvinenko-Sereda theorem with an explicit control of the constant with respect to the energy level of the Hermite functions as eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator for thick control subsets. This spectral inequality allows to derive the null-controllability in any positive time from thick control regions for para-bolic equations associated with a general class of hypoelliptic non-selfadjoint quadratic differential operators. More generally, the spectral inequality for finite combinations of Hermite functions is actually shown to hold for any measurable control subset of positive Lebesgue measure, and some quantitative estimates of the constant with respect to the energy level are given for two other classes of control subsets including the case of non-empty open control subsets.

Field of study: Mathematics
How Do the Human Capital Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Team Influence Corporate Financial Performance?

Researches on the direct impact of the characteristics of top management team on corporate financial performance have obtained many achievements for a long time. Little literatures studied the relationship between human capital characteristics of entrepreneurial team and corporate financial performance. Based on the Upper Echelons theory, this paper empirically tests the relationship among the characteristics of entrepreneurial team, debt financing scale and corporate financial performance. It collects 1221 valid data from the datasets of listed companies on ChiNext in 2014-2016. Using multiple regression analysis, this paper finds that human capital characteristics of entrepreneurial team have a significant impact on corporate financial performance as well as debt financing scale. Besides, the debt financing scale plays a partial mediating role.  Previous studies usually pay their attention to the human capital characteristics of top management team in main board listed companies. Besides, by verifying the mediating effect of debt financing scale, this paper inspires to explore the indirect relationship between human capital characteristics of entrepreneurial team and corporate financial performance.

Field of study: Business
Continuity or change? civil-military relations in democratic Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Have the armed forces maintained their influence in Latin America's new democracies? Or has the reinstallation of free political competition diminished their political clout? Have overbearing militaries tightly constrained popular sovereignty? Or have democratic responsiveness and accountability extended into wider spheres of political life and reduced military influence? These questions are of crucial importance for the future of the fledgling civilian regimes in the region.1 Scholars adhering to a modes-of-transition perspective expect a high level of continuity in military clout. Following Alfred Stepan, they focus on the fact that Latin American militaries usually maintained control over the democratization process and therefore managed to extract from resurgent democratic forces important institutional prerogatives, such as extensive representation on national security councils and other decision-making bodies with broad political responsibilities, to shield themselves from civilian control, to keep watch over civilian forces, and to interfere in many arenas of democratic politics.2 The modes-of-transition argument thus expects persistent military influence based on institutional structures that are frozen into place during the regime transition.

Field of study: Political science
Comparison of dynamic behavior between hard-sphere andsoft-sphere simulation in gas-solid fluidized beds

In order to compare the difference between the hard-sphere method and soft-sphere method, the dynamic behavior in gas-solid fluidized beds was simulated by the hard-sphere method and soft-sphere method in which particle diameters were unequal. Particle average velocities with increasing time and particle trajectories were compared. At the same time, the dynamic behavior in fluidized beds and the distribution of particle average velocity were also studied when restitution coefficients were different. Simulation results indicated that restitution coefficients of the hard-sphere method and soft-sphere method had distinct influence on particle average velocities. The bubbling phenomena could be simulated by the hard-sphere method when restitution coefficients were smaller, while such phenomena could be simulated by the soft-sphere method when restitution coefficients were larger.The larger restitution coefficients, the larger the change of particle average velocities in the hard-sphere method, but the smaller the change of particle average velocities in the soft-sphere method. Moreover, the CPU time in the hard-sphere method was much larger than that of the soft-sphere method due to the different ways in dealing with the collisions and the different time steps of particle collisions.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Skill Set for Supporting Displaced Children in Psychological Recovery After Disasters

Helping children, adolescents, and families displaced following a natural disaster is a daunting task made more challenging by the relatively small research base to inform services and interventions. This paper describes the current literature pertaining to intervention practices used with displaced youth. Where gaps in the literature exist, we pull from the more general research on relocation and post-disaster intervention to assist practitioners in tailoring their efforts. Specifically discussed are ways to enhance youth resilience, to help youth build new social connections and adjust to change and uncertainty while coping with trauma-related symptoms, and to meet needs through the systems in which children are embedded. The need for focused attention to cultural factors is discussed with an emphasis on collaborating with culture brokers.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Drastic Photoluminescence Quenching of Perylene Derivative Membrane with Phthalocyanine Coating

The photoluminescent property of a bilayer of phthalocyanine and a perylene derivative, a part of an organic photovoltaic cell, was investigated. The monolayer of the perylene derivative exhibited photoluminescence at 824 nm with lifetimes of 1.6 ns and 0.10 ns. The steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence of the 100-nm perylene derivative layer were efficiently quenched with a 100-nm phthalocyanine coating. The high efficiency of the quenching was explained by the high mobility of the photogenerated carrier in the n-type semiconducting perylene derivative, and agreed with the insensitivity of the photovoltaic property of the bilayer to the thickness.

Field of study: Chemistry
Das Wesen der Rekristallisationskerne bei Metallen

ZusammenfassungDurch mechanische Deformation wächst die Zahl der Stellen, an denen die Umwandlung des α-Eisens in γ-Eisen anfängt. Die Zunahme stimmt mit der Zahl der Kristalle, die sich eben unter dem Umwandlungspunkt zufolge der Deformation durch Rekristallisation bilden würden, ungefähr überein.

Field of study: Physics
Adaptive Constrained Constant Modulus Algorithm Based on Auxiliary Vector Filtering for Beamforming

A constrained constant modulus (CCM) algorithm with the auxiliary vector filtering (AVF) technique is introduced for robust adaptive beamforming. The proposed scheme decomposes the adaptive filter into constrained (reference vector filters) and unconstrained (auxiliary vector filters) components. The weight vector is iterated by subtracting the scaling auxiliary vector from the reference vector, which are computed according to the CCM criterion. The proposed algorithm provides an iterative exchange of information between the scalar factor and the auxiliary vector, resulting in a faster convergence and an improved steady-state performance as compared with existing techniques with large filters. The convergence properties of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed beamforming algorithm outperforms existing techniques and is robust against signature mismatch problems.

Field of study: Engineering
The effects of macro and nano emulsions of cinnamon essential oil on the physicochemical properties of CMC-based emulsified films

هدیکچ  ملیف هیاپ رب ینویسلوما ياه ي یسکوبرک زلولس لیتم  يواح  ا نویسلوماونان وورکام سناس تظلغ رد نیچراد ینغور هیهت ینغور سناسا زا فلتخم ياه دندش . دنوسارتلابورپ قیرط زا ینویسلوماورکام لولحم هب يدورو يژرنا ریداقم رد شیازفا هک دوب نیا رگناشنرزیاس لکیتراپ هاگتسد زا لصاح جیاتن هزادنا و عیزوت صخاش ریداقم شهاک ثعاب ي ینویسلوما لولحم تارطق  یم ددرگ . ملیف راتخاسزیر یسررب روظنم هب ریواصت زا ینویسلوما ياه توافت هک داد ناشن لصاح ریواصت ،دش هدافتسا یشبور ینورتکلا پوکسورکیم ملیف نیب يراتخاسزیر ياه توافتم يرادیاپ زا یشان ینویسلوما ياه لیکشت رتسب رد ینغور سناسا نویسلوماونان و ورکام لولحم رف یط رد ملیف هدنهد یمینویسلوما ملیف ندرک کشخ دنیآ دشاب . ملیف لخلختم راتخاس ياه لوکلوم روبع ریسم یمخ و چیپ تیهام رد شیازفا لباقم رد و نویسلوماورکام يواح ملیف رتسب رد بآ ياه ات دیدرگ رجنم نویسلوماونان يواح ياه ملیف بآ راخب هب يریذپ ذوفن صخاش ریداقم زلارتنک g / m s Pa 9 10 × 59 / 2 ریداقم هب g / m s Pa 9 10 × 43 / 4 و g / m s Pa 9 10 × 8 / 1 هب ملیف رد بیترت دنک ادیپ شهاک و شیازفا ینویسلوماونان و ورکام ياه .  یتسلاپ تیهام  سناسا يرزیاس مجح هب حطس تبسن نینچمه و نیچراد ینغور نیب تلاماعت رتشیب شهاک ثعاب تارطقونان يلااب  هریجنز لپویب راتخاس رد يا نیا زا ،دیدرگ رمی ملیف ور فاطعنا ياراد ینویسلوما ياه هب لااب يریذپ هطقن ات شنرک ریداقم رد شیازفا تروص ي ریداقم زا ندش هراپ 56 /% 53 هب لرتنک ملیف رد % 80 و 77 /% 94 ملیف رد بیترت هب ینویسلوماونان و ورکام ياه دندوب .

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The role of the Asn40Asp polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on alcoholism etiology and treatment: a critical review.

The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcoholism as it modulates the neurobehavioral effects of alcohol. A variant in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), the Asn40Asp polymorphism, has received attention as a functional variant that may influence a host of behavioral phenotypes for alcoholism as well as clinical response to opioid antagonists. This paper will review converging lines of evidence on the effect of the Asn40Asp SNP on alcoholism phenotypes, including: (i) genetic association studies; (ii) behavioral studies of alcoholism; (iii) neuroimaging studies; (iv) pharmacogenetic studies and clinical trials; and (v) preclinical animal studies. Together, these lines of research seek to elucidate the effects of this functional polymorphism on alcoholism etiology and treatment response.

Field of study: Medicine
Fuarmolic Mounds and Ridges of the Bishop Tuff, California

Fumarolic mounds and ridges are prominent surface features of the southern part of the Bishop Tuff and are characterized by their greater induration relative to the surrounding ash or tuff. They stand 0.5 to 15 m above the surrounding terrain and are of two main types: (1) domical mounds up to 60 m in diameter, and (2) straight or curved vertical joint ridges 1.5 to 5 m high and up to 600 m long. Fumaroles were formed in greatest numbers where crystallization within the sheet was intense and are absent from areas where the sheet was thick and densely welded but remained vitric. Early conjugate joint sets, which followed welding but predated escape of fumarolic vapors, controlled the distribution of fumarolic mounds and ridges. Later random orthogonal joints, which postdate vapor-phase activity, resulted from release of thermal stress stored in the cooling sheet. Welding, conjugate fumarolic jointing, fumarolic activity, and random orthogonal jointing represent successive discrete stages in the cooling history of the Bishop Tuff. The general mineralogy of the fumarolic areas and the vapor-phase zone are similar, but hydro-biotite and marialite are identified in the inner alteration zone. Likewise, the chemical composition of the fumarolic mounds is similar to that of the vapor-phase zone. The inner zone around some fumarolic vents shows significant changes through a decrease in SiO 2 and an increase in A1 2 O 3 , K 2 O, and H 2 O.

Field of study: Geology
IDeF-X ECLAIRs: A CMOS ASIC for the Readout of CdTe and CdZnTe Detectors for High Resolution Spectroscopy

The very last member of the IDeF-X ASIC family is presented: IDeF-X ECLAIRs is a 32-channel front end ASIC designed for the readout of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) Detectors. Thanks to its noise performance (Equivalent Noise Charge floor of 33 e- rms) and to its radiation hardened design (Single Event Latchup Linear Energy Transfer threshold of 56 MeV.cm2.mg-1), the chip is well suited for soft X-rays energy discrimination and high energy resolution, ldquospace proof,rdquo hard X-ray spectroscopy. We measured an energy low threshold of less than 4 keV with a 10 pF input capacitor and a minimal reachable sensitivity of the Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) to input capacitance of less than 7 e-/pF obtained with a 6 mus peak time. IDeF-X ECLAIRs will be used for the readout of 6400 CdTe Schottky monopixel detectors of the 2D coded mask imaging telescope ECLAIRs aboard the SVOM satellite. IDeF-X ECLAIRs (or IDeF-X V2) has also been designed for the readout of a pixelated CdTe detector in the miniature spectro-imager prototype Caliste 256 that is currently foreseen for the high energy detector module of the Simbol-X mission.

Field of study: Physics
p-n junctions in silicon nanowires

Silicon nanowires composed of p-n junctions have been grown on 2 × 5 cm glass substrates with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). These nanowires were grown both directly on ITO utilizing the vapor-solid (VS) method, as well as by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method, with a thin layer of gold as a catalyst. Current-voltage analyses show p-n diode characteristics in both cases. When a reverse dc bias was applied, these diodes responded to optical signals incident on the glass surface, showing potential solar-cell application and intriguing possibilities for future optical detection structures. Devices grown via the VS method displayed better electrical properties compared to those produced via the VLS method.

Field of study: Materials science
Localization of PKN mRNA in the rat brain.

Distribution of mRNA encoding PKN, a fatty acid and RhoA-activated serine/threonine protein kinase with a catalytic domain highly homologous to that of protein kinase C, was investigated in the rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry. PKN mRNA proved to be heterogenously distributed. The highest signals were observed in the cerebellum, in limbic systems such as olfactory bulb, hippocampal formation and limbic cortex, and in regions involved in central autonomic and neuroendocrine functions, such as hypothalamic ventromedial, dorsomedial, lateroanterior and arcuate nuclei, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and locus coeruleus. PKN mRNA was also highly expressed in dopaminergic neurons such as the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta, in serotonergic raphe neurons, and in cholinergic neurons such as nucleus diagonal band, nucleus basalis, and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus. The distribution of PKN mRNA differed from that for PKC isoforms. As the localization of PKN mRNA is heterogeneous, PKN may have a specific role in distinct populations of nerve cells.

Field of study: Biology
Protected areas — protected from a greater ‘what’?

Natural environments are assailed on every side through the unprecedentedly rapid expansion of human activities. In the absence of conservation responses of a scope and scale to match the challenge, we shall shortly witness the widespread degradation and destruction of many wildlands and their biotas. Fortunately we still have time, though only just time, to slow and stem the biotic holocaust overtaking the biosphere. But the traditional measures, notably in the form of protected areas, are becoming ever-more limited in their capacity to resist. While we need many more protected areas — better protected too — we shall find there is a much more positive payoff in tackling the tide of environmentally impoverishing human activities, principally through initiatives directed at sustainable development of all environments and all their communities, both human and non-human.

Field of study: Environmental science
The Sample Size Needed for the Trimmed t Test When One Group Size is Fixed

The sample size determination is an important issue for planning research. However, limitations in size have seldom been discussed in the literature. Thus, how to allocate participants into different treatment groups to achieve the desired power is a practical issue that still needs to be addressed when one group size is fixed. The authors focused on the sample size determination for the second group for the two-sample K. Yuen's (1974) trimmed mean test in the condition of heterogeneous variances. The results show that the sample size needed is less than that of the traditional B.L. Welch's test (1938), especially for nonnormal distributions. Simulation results also demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed formula in terms of Type I error and statistical power.

Field of study: Education
s-wave bound and scattering state wave functions for a velocity-dependent Kisslinger potential

A relation linking the normalized s-wave scattering and the corresponding bound state wave functions at bound state poles is derived. This is done in the case of a non-local, velocity-dependent Kisslinger potential. Using formal scattering theory, we present two analytical proofs of the validity of the theorem. The first tackles the non-local potential directly, while the other transforms the potential to an equivalent local but energy-dependent one. The theorem is tested both analytically and numerically by solving the Schrodinger equation exactly for the scattering and bound state wave functions when the Kisslinger potential has the form of a square well. A first order approximation to the deviation from the theorem away from bound state poles is obtained analytically. Furthermore, a proof of the analyticity of the Jost solutions in the presence of a non-local potential term is also given.

Field of study: Physics
Isolation and characterization of grancalcin, a novel 28 kDa EF-hand calcium-binding protein from human neutrophils.

A novel 28 kDa protein, which we have named 'grancalcin', has been identified in human neutrophils. The protein was isolated from the cytosol and found to be a homodimer, with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa on gel filtration. Polyclonal antibodies were raised to the native protein. N-Terminal sequence analysis and tryptic-peptide sequence analysis was performed. The protein exhibits sequence similarity to sorcin, a 24 kDa calcium-binding protein over-expressed in certain multi-drug-resistant cell lines. It appears to be a member of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins. The association of a high proportion of this protein with the membranes and granules in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium may indicate a role in granule-membrane fusion and degranulation.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
An Automatic Cleaning Equipment Based on Graphite Lubricant for Extrusion Parts

Based on the requirement of the graphite surface-clean-up process for the extrusion parts of copper alloy solid roller bearing cage,this article brings forward a new method to design an automatic cleaning equipment.It adopts a desiccated sand-spray method.Combined the feeding structure driving by metal strip with the automatic spray sand equipment,the automatic feed and effective seal can be realized.At the same time,it can also automatically spray sand for the complicated annular parts and operates in succession.It attains the higher productivity and the lower labor intensity,as well as good cleaning effects and no power leak.This design makes a way for the industrialization of copper alloy solid roller bearing cage by isothermal extrusion technology and supplies reference to automatic spray sand for annular parts.

Field of study: Materials science