nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
THERMAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT AND NEW SOLUBILITY PARAMETER FOR PLASTICIZERS

The thermal pressure coefficients and densities of six plasticizers for dimthyl phthalate,diethyl malonate,triethyl phosphate,tributyl phosphate,dibutyl oxalate,dibutyl sebacate have been measured over the temperature range of 25-85?℃.The augmented van der Waals model is used to correlate the experimental data.A method of predicting the internal pressure of the plasticizers is established,and the new solubility parameters for thirty plasticizers are obtained.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Between flânerie and fiction: ways of seeing exclusion and inclusion in the contemporary city

Cities have long been a focus of interest for social scientists, flâneurs and writers of fiction. Having commented on the contribution made by each of these, the article proceeds to argue that insights into urban leisure activity can best be portrayed through a combination of flânerie and fiction. With this in mind, two partly imagined cities are presented here, with an emphasis on exclusion in the first and the lives of the excluded in the second. Although exclusion from leisure spaces may be morally questionable, this does not mean that the excluded necessarily miss out on pleasurable experiences. Indeed, in the light of the sterility of so many of our new downtown entertainment zones as presented in this article, the excluded may well have lessons to offer on how to enjoy life better. The article argues that we should continue to do research– as flâneurs if need be or even as writers of fiction – that can provide ‘evidence’ from which such lessons may be learned.

Field of study: Sociology
Real Welfare Reform: Help for Working Parents

BARBARA BERGMANN's new book, Saving Our Children from Poverty: What the United States Can Learn from France, will be published this fall by the Russell Sage Foundation. American welfare system, dysfunctional as it currently is, takes care of a real problem: there are single mothers who cannot earn enough to support their families, given their need for child care and health care. Sooner or later, the country will have to awaken from its pipe dream. A governmentfree America will not bring on a problem-free America. For the foreseeable future there has to be a government program to help some parents with some of the expenses of raising their children. When it does wake up, the country can start to consider whether there is an alterna-

Field of study: Economics
Electronuclear sum rules. Improved realization and statement. Experiment and theory for4He

The experimental (e, e′) data in the region of highω, necessary for a reliable check of sum rules, are either unavailable or dominated by pion degrees of freedom. To calculate the corresponding sums over (e, e′) spectra, a reliable extrapolation of spectra to this region is proposed. It is based on a quasi-y-scaling type behavior of the spectra. It is shown that the sum rule version corresponding to the summation of the spectra at constantE0 andθ, being simplest from the experimental viewpoint, can be made accurate enough if an experimental spectrum is used to estimate the parameters involved in it. It is found that for4He nucleus, one of the existing groups of the experimental spectra is in a good agreement with the model-independent sum rule which corresponds to the single-particle approximation for the interaction of a nucleus with an electromagnetic field, while the second group of spectra leads to a considerable deviation from the sum rule.

Field of study: Physics
GGHLite: More Efficient Multilinear Maps from Ideal Lattices

The GGH Graded Encoding Scheme[9], based on ideal lattices, is the first plausible approximation to a cryptographic multilinear map. Unfortunately, using the security analysis in[9], the scheme requires very large parameters to provide security for its underlying “encoding re-randomization” process. Our main contributions are to formalize, simplify and improve the efficiency and the security analysis of the re-randomization process in the GGH construction. This results in a new construction that we call GGHLite. In particular, we first lower the size of a standard deviation parameter of the re-randomization process of[9] from exponential to polynomial in the security parameter. This first improvement is obtained via a finer security analysis of the “drowning” step of re-randomization, in which we apply the Renyi divergence instead of the conventional statistical distance as a measure of distance between distributions. Our second improvement is to reduce the number of randomizers needed from Ω(n logn) to 2, where n is the dimension of the underlying ideal lattices. These two contributions allow us to decrease the bit size of the public parameters from O(λ 5 logλ) for the GGH scheme to O(λlog2 λ) in GGHLite, with respect to the security parameter λ (for a constant multilinearity parameter κ).

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Comparison of 17β-estradiol adsorption on soil organic components and soil remediation agent-biochar.

Steroid estrogen residues (SEs) in the soil have attracted growing attention because of their potential for endocrine disruption. Soil organic matter (SOM) and soil remediation agent-biochar, both have important influences on the fate of SEs in the soil environment. This study compared the adsorption of 17β-estradiol (E2) on wheat straw biochar (W-BC) and cow manure biochar (C-BC) with main SOM components including biomacromolecules (cellulose, collagen and lignin) and humic acids (HA). The impact of pyrolysis temperature (350 °C, 550 °C, and 700 °C) on the adsorption capacity of biochar and different concentrations NaClO oxidation on the adsorption capacity of HA were also investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption of E2 by biomolecules conformed to the linear isotherm (R2 > 0.88), and the adsorption of E2 on biochars and HA were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.94). Meanwhile, the order of the E2 adsorption capacity of sorbents was W-BC > C-BC > HA > lignin > collagen > cellulose. The adsorption capacity of biochar and SOM for E2 increased with the enhancement of aromaticity and hydrophobicity and the reduction of polarity. In addition, the increase of pyrolysis temperature of biochars also promoted the adsorption capacity of E2, while oxidation treatment with NaClO reduced the adsorption capacity of HA to E2. These results deepened the understanding of the adsorption behaviour of E2 on SOM and biochar, and expanded the understanding of the behaviour of SEs in the soil environment.

Field of study: Environmental science
Optimal random monetary policy with nominal rigidity

This paper studies a money-in-the-utility function model with imperfect competition and one-period ahead nominal price setting. Under standard assumptions on preferences, Friedman's rule—setting the money growth rate equal to the household time discount factor—generates an equilibrium that is optimal within the class of deterministic policies. We then provide conditions under which a random monetary policy increases ex ante expected welfare relative to Friedman's rule. The result obtains because random policy can reduce the distortion associated with imperfect competition. Our result exhibits original features relative to existing cases of welfare-improving random monetary policy, such as Polemarchakis and Weiss ( (1977) 345).

Field of study: Economics
Complications in Treatment of 31-A Fractures with Trochanteric Gamma Nail (TGN) Versus Gamma3 Nail (G3N) - A Review of 217 Cases

The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate two generations of intramedullary gamma-nail used in the treatment of 31-A femur fractures.  In two consecutive series, 117 trochanteric gamma nails (TGN) and 100 Gamma3 nails (G3N) were implanted for the treatment of inter- and subtrochanteric fractures between 2009 and 2011. Clinical and radiological follow-up examinations were assessed. An analysis of surgical time, hemoglobin drop and complications were performed.  Average surgical time, fluoroscopy time, haemoglobin drop and length-of-stay (LOS) were similar in both groups. No significant differences were found in surgery-related complications like wound hematomas (p=0,59), abscesses (p=0,38), wound infections (p=0,69) and Cut-outs (p=0,69) between the two groups. The cumulative surgery-related complication rate was higher in the TGN group compared to the G3N group (13,68% vs. 8%) but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0,2).  Our findings suggest that both TGN and G3N allow adequate treatment of trochanteric fractures with an acceptable complication rate.

Field of study: Medicine
Nuclear shape evolution and shape coexistence in Zr and Mo isotopes

The phenomena of shape evolution and shape coexistence in even–even $$^{88-114}$$ 88 - 114 Zr and $$^{90-116}$$ 90 - 116 Mo isotopes are studied by employing covariant density functional theory (CDFT) with density-dependent point-coupling parameter set, DD-PCX, and with separable pairing interaction. The results for the rms deviation in binding energies, two-neutron separation energy, the differential variation of two-neutron separation energy, and rms charge radii, as a function of neutron number, are presented and compared with available experimental data. In addition to the oblate–prolate shape coexistence in $$^{96-110}$$ 96 - 110 Zr isotopes, the correlations between shape transition and discontinuity in the observables are also examined. A smooth trend of charge radii in Mo isotopes is found to be due to the manifestation of triaxiality softness. The observed oblate and prolate minima are related to the low single-particle energy level density around the Fermi level of neutron and proton, respectively. The rapid shape transition in Zr isotopes near N $$\approx $$ ≈ 60 is identified to be caused by the evolution of the shell structure associated with massive proton excitations to 1 $$\pi g_{9/2}$$ π g 9 / 2 orbit. The present calculations also predict a deformed semi-bubble structure in the $$^{100}$$ 100 Zr isotope.

Field of study: Physics
Spousal Communication and Contraceptive Use among Married Couples in Rural Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study ascertained the influence of spousal communication about family planning on contraceptive use among married couples in the rural areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from one hundred and fifty married couples using multi-stage sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results indicate that 71.3% of the respondents were females with an average age of 38 years while 28.7% of them were males with an average age of 49 years; fourteen years was the respondents’ average years of marriage. Findings also show that barrier methods, hormonal contraceptives and injectables were the contraceptive methods highly used by the respondents; and majority of the married couples had a favourable spousal communication about family planning disposition. Multiple regression analysis result shows that contraceptive use by the respondents was significantly influenced by their spousal communication about family planning. It is recommended, among others, that intervention programmes of Governmental and Non-Governmental agencies in Akwa Ibom State emphasize the importance of spousal communication about family planning in their programmes and encourage same among targeted beneficiaries of such programmes.

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Enzyme replacement therapy for congenital hypophosphatasia allows for surgical treatment of related complex craniosynostosis: a case series.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disorder of bone metabolism that results in the loss of function of the gene coding for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Patients with HPP have defective bone mineralization as well as craniosynostosis that can be seen in the infantile and childhood forms of this disease. Traditionally, HPP has had a poor prognosis, with few children surviving to exhibit the phenotype of clinical craniosynostosis that requires surgical intervention. Here, the authors report on new advancements in enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for children affected by HPP, allowing these patients to survive and undergo surgery to address complex craniosynostosis. The authors discuss their case series of 4 HPP patients treated at their institution with ERT who have undergone successful surgical intervention for craniosynostosis. These children had no complications related to their surgeries and exhibited decreased neurological symptoms following cranial vault remodeling. This study reveals that ERT administered either pre- or post- operatively paired with cranial vault remodeling strategies can yield improved neurological outcomes in children affected by HPP.

Field of study: Medicine
ATOMIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH–FLOW VARIABLE–ORIFICE FLOODING NOZZLES

Droplet spectra factors for variable–orifice flooding nozzles in quasi–static air were investigated to possibly aid 
the reduction of spray drift, and to provide a basis for future atomizer design. A laser–diffraction instrument measured the 
droplet size spectra of water sprays through orifices with diameters ranging from 1.14 to 6.35 mm. Spray discharge flow rates 
up to 40 L min –1 were measured with a Coriolis–type sensor. Nozzles produced an array of droplet size spectra with volume 
median diameters (Dv0.5) ranging from 296 to 1062 m. For single–orifice flooding nozzles, orifice diameter was the most 
important factor positively correlated with droplet size spectra factors, except the Dv0.9. For flooding nozzles utilizing two 
orifices in series, the magnitude of difference between the two orifice diameters was the most important factor positively 
correlated with droplet size spectra factors. In addition, two–orifice flooding nozzles had strong negative correlations 
between pressure and droplet size factors, whereas single–orifice flooding nozzles had strong positive correlations between 
flow rate and droplet size factors. A unique flow—pressure phenomenon, in which flow decreased or remained steady with 
increasing pressure, was observed for some orifices and pressures, possibly due to orifice inlet limiting conditions. The use 
of regression coefficients predicted most droplet size spectra factors with coefficients of determination (r 2 ) ranging from 0.72 
to 0.91, except for low r 2 values (0.11 to 0.50) associated with the Dv0.9 of single–orifice nozzles.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
OL-PCR for site-directed mutagenesis of full-length cDNA clone of DEN-2

To generate the oligonucleotide directed mutants of the full length cDNA clone of dengue 2 virus.  Two DNA fragments with single point mutation (E62 or E203) were amplified with four pairs of oligonucleotide primers by OL PCR and then cloned into pGEM T vectors respectively. The recombinant T vectors, T TB62 and T TB203, were digested with ClaⅠ+SphⅠand SphⅠ+NheⅠ, then ligated to pDVWS501 with T4 DNA ligase respectively. The recombinant plasmids, TB62 and TB203, were sequenced.  The results of DNA sequencing indicated that TB62 and TB203 with point mutation were attained.  PCR is a kind of site directed mutagenesis method to achieve high mutation efficiency.

Field of study: Biology
Phenotypic plasticity of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (lacZY) introduced into and recovered from field and laboratory microcosm soils

The ability of bacteria to alter phenotypic characteristics during their survival and persistence in soil complicates the risk assessment of bacterial inoculants, especially those genetically engineered. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the phenotype of Pseudomonas aureofaciens 3732 RN-L11 (lacZY) introduced into and recovered from wheat roots or soil obtained from the field or laboratory microcosms. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and Biolog™ analyses were used to characterize the phenotype of 88 isolates obtained from soil collected over a 2-year period. There was variation in the relative proportions of fatty acids found in isolates over the growing season, with FAME profiles of isolates obtained at 14, 28 and 70 days after planting different from isolates obtained at day 0 and day 140. However, these changes were not sufficient to alter the species designation. Similarly, carbon substrate utilization by isolates varied only slightly over the growing season. In addition, there were few phenotypic differences found between isolates obtained from rhizosphere or bulk soil, and no observed differences between isolates recovered from field soil or microcosms. Our results indicate that there was little phenotypic drift of this genetically engineered bacterium during its survival in field and laboratory microcosm soils.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Impurity scattering induced entanglement of ballistic electrons.

We show how entanglement between two conduction electrons is generated in the presence of a localized magnetic impurity embedded in an otherwise ballistic conductor of special geometry. This process is a generalization of beam-splitter mediated entanglement generation schemes with a localized spin placed at the site of the beam splitter. Our entangling scheme is unconditional and robust to randomness of the initial state of the impurity. The entangled state generated manifests itself in noise reduction of spin-dependent currents.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Solution Heat Treatment on Creep Property of Ti-600 High Temperature Titanium Alloy

The effect of solution temperature and following cooling on creep property of Ti-600 high temperature alloy was studied . The results indicate that ,to get the best creep resistance, solution temperature at the temperature over (α+β) /αtransus temperature and followed by air cooling should be suggested. The creep strain are controlled by the sliding and the climbing of dislocation under 600℃,150MPa.

Field of study: Materials science
The Work Experiences of Transgender Individuals: Negotiating the Transition and Career Decision-Making Processes

This study explored the work experiences of individuals who have started transitioning from their biological sex to a different gender expression through 18 interviews of transgender-identified individuals. Thirteen of the participants identified as male-to-female transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-to-male transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-bodied gender queer individuals, and 1 participant identified as a biological male cross-dresser. Using a grounded theory (K. Charmaz, 2006) approach, 2 separate work experience models emerged: (a) the process of gender transitioning at work and (b) the career decision-making process. The 3 phases of the first model included a pretransition phase, during the transition phase, and posttransition phase. Within these 3 phases, the following 5 major themes emerged: preparation for the work transition, coming out at work, presentation and appearance at work, others’ reactions at work, and affective/coping experiences related to work. The second model resulted in 6 major themes related to career decision making: occupational barriers, occupational prospects, occupational aspirations, taking action, occupational gratification, and contextual influences.

Field of study: Psychology
Constant Round Group Key Exchange with Logarithmic Computational Complexity

Protocols for group key exchange (GKE) are cryptographic algorithms that describe how a group of parties communicating over a public network can come up with a common secret key. Due to their critical role in building secure multicast channels, a number of GKE protocols have been proposed over the years in a variety of settings. However despite many impressive achievements, it still remains a challenging problem to design a secure GKE protocol which scales very well for large groups. Our observation is that all provably-secure constant-round GKE protocols providing forward secrecy thus far are not fully scalable, but have a computational complexity that scales only linearly in group size. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new GKE protocol that not only offers full scalability in all directions but also attains provable security against active adversaries. Full scalability is achieved by using a complete binary tree structure where users are arranged on both internal and leaf nodes. Security is proved via reduction to the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption in a well-defined formal model of communication and adversarial capabilities.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Biochemical properties of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolysates.

The amino-acid composition, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, 
and peptide patterns of tilapia protein hydrolysates produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of Alcalase (AH), 
Flavourzyme (FH) and Protamex (PH) for 5h using pH-stat method were studied. The ratio of essential amino 
acids to non-essential amino acids increased after hydrolysis in all samples; however, no significant differences among them were observed. AH had a highest (P < 0.05) DPPH radical-scavenging activity, but no significant 
difference in the DPPH between FH and PH was observed. SDS-PAGE patterns for all the hydrolysates showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the number and the intensity of the bands with increasing time of hydrolysis. Flavourzyme showed the lowest rate of hydrolytic activity towards the tilapia mince.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and their prevalence among people in and around Dhanbad, Jharkhand

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, which causes high morbidity and mortality among human population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and their antibiogram profile of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in and around Dhanbad.  A total of 641 urine samples were collected from the suspected patients of UTI. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar for isolation and identification. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. Both male and female patients of different age groups were included for this study.  45.70% urinary isolates were identified as E. coli. 43.56% UPEC isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and piperacillin/tazobactum. 22.77% isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and amikacin followed by cefotaxime (21.78%). These isolates were mostly resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, their susceptibility pattern was found to be 11.88% and 5.94% respectively.   Prevalence of E. coli among urinary isolates was high in our study. Antibiogram profile of these isolates varies to different antibiotics in terms of their susceptibility pattern. Continuous surveillance of antibiogram of UPEC isolate is mandatory because it vary significantly in different geographical area. Thus empirical selection of antimicrobials should be based on the knowledge of local prevalence and individual sensitivity rather than on universal guideline.

Field of study: Medicine
Present trends in mineralogy

GENERAL STATEMENT Nearly fifty years ago, E. S. Dana published the sixth edition of the System of Mineralogy . While this book dealt almost entirely with the facts of mineralogy as known in 1892 and but little with theory, still it gives an excellent cross section of the science of that time. In what respects will a new edition of this work differ from its famous predecessor? As one of the group who has undertaken to prepare such a new edition and who has enlisted the help of this society in large measure for the necessary financial backing, I will undertake to present to you very briefly tonight some of the changes that must be recognized in the science of mineralogy after this half century of development.  No property of a mineral is so characteristic as its crystal form, and the science of crystallography, which attempts to describe and explain . . .

Field of study: Geology