nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
KESULITAN-KESULITAN BELAJAR PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS NON-REGULER PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS SMP NEGERI 15 YOGYAKARTA

Rendahnya minat peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran menimbulkan kesulitan belajar IPS yang disebabkan oleh faktor intern dan ekstern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor intern dan ekstern kesulitan belajar IPS pada peserta didik kelas non-reguler. 
Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas non-reguler SMP N 15 Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 393 responden, jumlah sampel sebanyak 99, menggunakan teknik sampel proportionate stratified random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket/kuesioner. Validasi instrumen dengan expert judgment. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. 
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesulitan belajar pada faktor intern dan ekstern. Faktor intern yang menimbulkan kesulitan belajar pada peserta didik kelas non-reguler SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta, yaitu: faktor minat mengalami kesulitan sebesar (71,63%) disebabkan oleh enggannya peserta didik dalam mengerjakan soal, dan kurang dalam membaca referensi materi; faktor emosi (82,73%) disebabkan oleh peserta didik cepat bosan apabila pelajaran IPS dimulai dan timbulnya rasa malas karena tidak bisa mengontrol diri; cara belajar (69,12%) disebabkan oleh peserta didik belum mampu secara runtut menjawab pertanyaan dari guru, peserta didik merasa kesulitan dalam mengungkapkan hal yang belum dimengertinya dan belum melaksanakan belajar kelompok. Faktor eksternal yaitu: faktor metode mengajar (67,71%), disebabkan oleh guru kurang memaksimalkan kegunaan laboratorium IPS dan guru membanding-bandingkan antar peserta didik; perhatian (66,77%) disebabkan oleh kurangnya pendampingan belajar oleh orang tua dirumah dan kesulitan dalam memahami kata-kata guru dalam menyampaikan materi; sedangkan faktor guru dan interaksinya terhadap peserta didik (78,5%) disebabkan oleh faktor guru yang belum bersikap penuh perhatian dalam penyampaian materi. 
 
Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar, kelas non-reguler, IPS

Field of study: Sociology
Self-Perceptions Of Nonhandicapped Children And Children With Learning Disabilities In Integrated Classes

Based largely on social comparison theory, it was hypothesized that self-perceptions of scholastic competence, behavioral conduct, and global self-worth are (a) lower among children with learning disabilities (LD) in integrated classes than among nonhandicapped (NH) children in the same classes, and (b) higher among NH children in integrated classes than among NH children in nonintegrated classes. Scores of 341 third graders (52 LD Integrated, 164 NH Integrated, and 125 NH Nonintegrated) on the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985) provided general support for the first hypothesis, but limited support for the second hypothesis. Sex differences were found, as were Placement Group x Sex interactions. Results also indicated that measures of self-perceptions of scholastic competence, behavioral conduct, and global self-worth provided redundant information in the discrimination between LD Integrated and NH Integrated groups. Findings suggest that integration is unlikely to have a positive effect on the self-perceptions of children with learning disabilities, but may well enhance the self-perceptions of NH children, particularly NH boys.

Field of study: Education
Condoms and Contraceptives in Junior High and High School Clinics

Everyone agrees the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases is a serious problem in sexually active children and teenagers. And everyone wants to do something about it. But what? Is the answer to set up clinics in junior high and high schools so students can have easy access to "family planning" services? ., Since I didn't know much about school clinics, I did some checking for myself. When I visited the school clinic in Little Rock's Forest Heights Junior High School, I asked the nurse, "If a student comes in with a sore throat, do you do a throat culture, or a fast strep test?" "Oh no. We don't do things like that," she explained. "So what do you do with kids who have a sore throat?" "We send them to their doctor." This was interesting because I had been told one reason these school clinics exist is because half the students don't go to doctors. "Well, what do you do for students in your clinic?" I asked. "Many of our students come from broken homes and have lots of problems they need to talk about." And student pregnancies are one of the big problems. Certainly, reducing the number of these is important. But how? "We let the girls choose what kind of birth control plan to be on," the nurse explained. "Sometimes they choose birth control pills or [an implant]." I also learned that seven girls in this junior high of under 800 students have 5-year birth control implants. But these were not put in at the junior high like they are at the high school across town. The school board prohibits dispensing contraceptives at the junior high, so students are sent down the road to the mall clinic to get their condoms or cotraceptives.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Review of the Bechtel team's SMES design and future plans for a technology demonstration unit

This paper traces the evolution in the Bechtel Team's SMES design over the last decade. Special emphasis is placed in the last two years when not only some design advances took place, but critical components were also built and tested. A major outcome of this latest phase is the realization that self-supporting SMES is more economical than the earth-supported approach advocated for many years. The paper concludes with a description of SMES-1, a 1 MWh/500 MW utility demonstration unit of the CICC-based self-supported SMES.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Exploring fish microbial communities to mitigate emerging diseases in aquaculture.

Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food sector worldwide and expected to further increase to feed the growing human population. However, existing and (re-)emerging diseases are hampering fish and shellfish cultivation and yield. For many diseases, vaccination protocols are not in place and the excessive use of antibiotics and other chemicals is of substantial concern. A more sustainable disease control strategy to protect fish and shellfish from (re-)emerging diseases could be achieved by introduction or augmentation of beneficial microbes. To establish and maintain a 'healthy' fish microbiome, a fundamental understanding of the diversity and temporal-spatial dynamics of fish-associated microbial communities and their impact on growth and health of their aquatic hosts is required. This review describes insights in the diversity and functions of the fish bacterial communities elucidated with next-generation sequencing and discusses the potential of the microbes to mitigate (re-)emerging diseases in aquaculture.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
A conditionally-unbiased estimator of population size based on plant-capture in continuous time

This paper proposes an estimator of the unknown size of a target population to which has been added a planted population of known size. The augmented population is observed for a fixed time and individuals are sighted according to independent Poisson processes. These processes may be time-inhomogeneous, but, within each population, the intensity function is the same for all individuals. When the two populations have the same intensity function, known results on factorial series distributions suggest that the proposed estimator is approximately unbiased and provide a useful estimator of standard deviation. Except for short sampling times, computational results confirm that the proposed population-size estimator is nearly unbiased, and indicate that it gives a better overall performance than existing estimators in the literature. The robustness of this performance is investigated in situations in which it cannot be assumed that the behaviour of the plants matches that of individuals from the target population.

Field of study: Mathematics
Highly Resilient Polyester/Low Melting Point Polyester Protective Nonwoven Fabrics: Manufacturing Techniques and Mechanical Properties

Highly resilient polyester (HRPET) fibers and low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers are made to form into protective nonwoven fabrics. The influences of different parameters on the mechanical properties of the nonwoven fabrics are evaluated in terms of falling weight tests, bursting strength testing, tear tests, and tensile tests. The test results indicate that the maximum strengths occurs with an optimal HRPET/LPET blending ratio of 8:2: tensile strength (602 N), bursting strength (477 N), and resiliency (40 cm).

Field of study: Engineering
Properties and characterization of biodegradable films obtained from different starch sources

The development of edible and/or biodegradable films is an alternative for the total or partial substitution of synthetic polymers in the manufacture of packaging, a use which is coherent with concerns for environmental conservation and a healthier life style (Dick et al., 2015). The polymers from renewable sources most used to form films are polysaccharides and proteins (Fernandes et al., 2020; Han, 2014), and of the polysaccharides starch stands out for its film-forming properties, great availability, high extraction yield and nutritional value, low cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility and for being edible (Shah et al., 2016).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Soil texture‐depending effects of doxycycline and streptomycin applied with manure on the bacterial community composition and resistome

Veterinary antibiotics, bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance determinants located on mobile genetic elements and nutrients are spread on agricultural soil using manure as fertilizer. However, systematic quantitative studies linking antibiotic concentrations and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in manure and the environment are scarce but needed to assess environmental risks. In this microcosm study, a sandy and a loamy soil were mixed with manure spiked with streptomycin or doxycycline at five concentrations. Total‐community DNA was extracted on days 28 and 92, and the abundances of ARGs (aadA, strA, tet(A), tet(M), tet(W), tet(Q), sul1, qacE/qacE&Dgr;1) and class 1 and 2 integron integrase genes (intI1 and intI2) were determined by qPCR relative to 16S rRNA genes. Effects on the bacterial community composition were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Manure application to the soils strongly increased the relative abundance of most tested genes. Antibiotics caused further enrichments which decreased over time and were mostly seen at high concentrations. Strikingly, the effects on relative gene abundances and soil bacterial community composition were more pronounced in sandy soil. The concept of defining antibiotic threshold concentrations for environmental risk assessments remains challenging due to the various influencing factors.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Bias compensation for the bearings-only pseudolinear target track estimator

The bearings-only pseudolinear target track estimator is known to suffer from severe bias problems. This paper presents a bias analysis for the pseudolinear estimator and develops a method of bias compensation, resulting in a closed-form reduced-bias pseudolinear estimator. The reduced-bias estimator is then incorporated into an instrumental variable estimator to produce asymptotically unbiased target motion parameter estimates. Unlike batch iterative estimators, the proposed instrumental variable estimator has a closed-from solution and therefore avoids the convergence problems associated with iterative estimators. The performance of the proposed instrumental variable estimator is illustrated by way of simulation examples and is shown to be almost identical to that of the computationally more demanding iterative maximum likelihood estimator.

Field of study: Engineering
Performance analysis for voice and data integration in hybrid fiber/coax networks

This paper examines the performance for the integrated voice and data services in hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) networks through mathematical analysis. Our objective is to obtain the feasible region (FR) for the integrated services subjected to their packet level quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. The analysis is focused on the upstream channel and the performance of the system is evaluated in terms of voice packet loss probability and the mean data message delay. Two different service classes are provided for voice. The voice packet loss probability is independent of data traffic and an elaborate discrete-time Markov chain model is developed. The data traffic is modeled as a batch Poisson arrival model. Two schemes are considered for data: with or without bandwidth reservation. The integrated voice and data systems are analyzed using the matrix-analytic method. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of such a proposed integrated voice and data system.

Field of study: Computer science
Carbide Precipitating Behavior of Ni-Based Superalloy by Long Time Aging Heat Treatment

The carbide precipitation in the microstructure of superalloy Inconel 751 by long time aging treatment was studied.The results show that precipitation carbide of superalloy Inconel 751 is M_(23)C_6 at 700℃and MC at 850℃. Different precipitation types of carbide in the alloy are transformed in long time aging treatment,turn to M_(23)C_6 type at lower temperature and turn to MC type at higher temperature.

Field of study: Materials science
The Effect of Culture on the Teaching and Learning of Science at the Basic Schools in Ghana

The purpose of the study was to investigate how culture influences the teaching and learning of science at the basic schools in the Agona West Municipality of the Central Region, East Akim Municipality of the Eastern Region and the Kwabre District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The research design used for this study was descriptive survey. The sampling procedure employed for the study was the purposive sampling. A total of three hundred and thirty (330) subjects were selected, made up of three hundred (300) students and thirty (30) science teachers. The instruments used for collecting data for the study consisted of questionnaire, interview and observation schedules. It was found out that students had cultural knowledge they use in explaining phenomena. Teachers were aware of student’s cultural knowledge especially in explaining concepts. It was recommended that teachers should teach their students bearing in mind their cultural knowledge and incorporate that in their teaching.  Culture, Cultural knowledge, Scientific concept, Taboos

Field of study: Education
Increased neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in striatum in Parkinson's disease.

High levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are found in basal ganglia where it is co-localised with somatostatin (SOM) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH/d) in a population of striatal GABA containing interneurones. Although alterations occur in the levels of various neuropeptides in basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is not known whether NPY is affected. Using in situ hybridisation immunohistochemistry, we have examined the distribution of NPY mRNA in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens of normal individuals and patients with PD. NPY mRNA was weakly expressed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in normal individuals with a scattered labelling of neurones. However, there was no regional localisation within any brain area and no obvious differences between brain regions. In PD, the number of NPY mRNA-expressing cells was increased as was the density of the silver grains overlying each positive cell. The increase was more pronounced in the nucleus accumbens and in the ventral part of the caudate nucleus. The increase in NPY mRNA expression observed in patients with PD may reflect the loss of dopaminergic tone on striatal NPY containing interneurones, although a role for chronic L-DOPA therapy cannot be ruled out.

Field of study: Biology
Characterization of fragments of human albumin purified by Cibacron blue F3GA affinity chromatography.

Controlled limited proteolysis of human plasma albumin (0.3 mM; 37 degrees C; 15 min; pH 3.7) with pepsin [pepsin/albumin, 1:1000 (w/w)] in the presence of octanoic acid (4.2 mM) yields at least 14 fragments in the range of 5000--56000 Da. By utilizing a combination of conventional and affinity-chromatographic procedures, two fragments with mol. wts. 25000 and 27000 were purified to more than 99% homogeneity. The larger fragment consists of a continuous polypeptide chain and has been shown to contain the primary bilirubin-binding site. The small fragment contains an internal cleavage site. On the basis of amino acid compositions, N-terminal sequences, C-terminal sequences, molecular weights and other internal markers the locations of these fragments within the known sequence of human albumin were determined to be residues 49--308 for the 27000 Da peptide and 309--585 for the 25000 Da peptide. Peptide 309--585 contains an internal cleavage site and appears to be missing residues 408--423. These non-overlapping fragments should be useful for investigations of individual ligand-binding sites and for the determination of antigenic sites.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women.

Using a unique set of data drawn from the US census, statistics, city directories, and other sources, the author looks at the differences between men and women in the US labour force. She shows that the `gender gap' in income and job level that has existed throughout history cannot be explained simply as a matter of sex discrimination, nor as a result of inherent structural phenomena in the employment market.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.

Field of study: Economics
A Survey of Approaches Used in Teaching Reading in Early Childhood Classes in Dagoretti and Westlands Divisions, Nairobi County, Kenya

Reading proficiency has been identified as one of the most reliable indicators of whether a learner will attain the competence needed to achieve academic success and contribute actively to society.  Kenyan primary and secondary schools reveal inadequate reading skills among the students. There are different approaches in teaching of reading in early learning. The study sought to establish teachers’ orientation in reading instructions in early childhood settings and adopted the descriptive research design using the survey method and observation technique. A sample of 10 primary schools from Dagoretti and 10 from Westlands Divisions in Nairobi County were studied. The study concludes that although most teachers indicated that they were confident, they also indicated that they were not well equipped with the relevant teaching methods. Majority of pre-unit teachers used phonics and others whole-word methods. Lack of reading materials and guidelines was the most cited challenge faced by early learning teachers. The study recommends clear policy guidelines on how to teach reading and compulsory in-service training for teachers on how to teach reading and create awareness on use of phonics and whole word approaches in teaching of reading.  Teaching reading, teaching method, Teacher qualification, Early Learning

Field of study: Education
The Relationship Between the Need for Closure and Support for Military Action Against Iraq: Moderating Effects of National Attachment

A variety of studies suggest that a high need for closure—that is, a desire for knowledge that is clear, stable, and unambiguous as opposed to confusing or uncertain—may be associated with greater hostility toward relevant outgroups. Using international attitudes as the context, the authors examine the hypothesis that the relationship between the need for closure and support for military action against Iraq may be moderated by identification with the national ingroup. Specifically, it is expected that this relationship will be moderated by nationalism (i.e., an aggressive form of identification based on a desire for national dominance) but not patriotism (i.e., a more neutral love of one’s country). The data provided a clear pattern of support for this hypothesis and additional analyses indicated that a high need for closure reduced variability about the use of force among the highly nationalistic but not the highly patriotic.

Field of study: Psychology
Search for R-parity Violating Supersymmetry in Dimuon and Four-Jets Channel

We present results of a search for R-parity-violating decay of the neutralino chi_1^0, taken to be the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle. It is assumed that this decay proceeds through one of the lepton-number violating couplings lambda-prime_2jk (j=1,2; k=1,2,3). This search is based on 77.5 pb-1 of data, collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV in 1992-1995.

Field of study: Physics
CALCULATION METHOD AND COUNTERMEASURE FOR CLOSURE TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE IN TRUSSED CFST ARCH BRIDGE

For trussed CFST arch bridge, closure temperature influence to internal force and line form of arch on empty steel tube arch state is analyzed, the method of eliminating temperature influence is discussed, and the least square method to calculate jacking force as well as counterweight is proposed. By taking MaoCaoJie bridge as a interested case, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. At last, after contrastively analyzing various measure of adjustment, the following conclusions are drawn: for MaoCaoJie bridge, if the closure temperature is higher than the design datum temperature, jacking lower chord with counterweight is the best measure; if the closure temperature is lower than the design datum temperature, jacking lower chord with pulling upper chord is the best measure.

Field of study: Engineering
Childhood experience and health care use in adulthood

Few studies have considered the role of childhood experiences in adult health care use.  To examine the hypotheses that individuals frequently attending primary care report childhood adversities and illness exposures more commonly than the remainder of patients and that any association is independent of adult psychiatric disorder.  A nested case–control study was carried out in a single general practice in Manchester, UK. Fifty frequent attenders (randomly selected from adult patients in the top decile of consultation frequency) and fifty normal attenders (randomly selected from the remainder of adult patients) underwent a structured psychiatric interview and a detailed, semi-structured interview of childhood experience.  There was a strong association between frequent attendance and childhood experiences. Multivariate analysis suggested that reported childhood illness exposures and reports of childhood adversity were each associated independently with adult consultation behaviour, even after adjustment for adult psychiatric disorder.  Interventions for high users of health care may need to address childhood experiences of illness and childhood adversities, as well as adult psychiatric disorder.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Spektroskopischer Nachweis und Struktur des PN-Moleküls

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein neues Bandensystem, gefunden, von dem gezeigt wird, da\ es das Molekül PN zum TrÄger hat, ein Molekül, das bisher noch nicht nachgewiesen war. Die Schwingungs- und Rotationsanalyse des Bandensystems wird durchgeführt. Es handelt sich um einenII→1→-übergang. Die Nullinienformel für die Banden lautet Ν= 39688,52+ (1095,87 v′− 7,222 v″2)− (1330,26 v″ − 6,983 v″2). Für die Rotationskonstanten ergibt sich B″2=0,78621 cm-1, B′e=0,730 71 cm–1, woraus für die KernabstÄnde folgt: r″e=1,4869 å, r'e=1,5424å. Am Schlu\ wird ein Vergleich mit den Molekülen CS, SiO und Ähnlichen, sowie mit N2 und P2 durchgeführt. Das PN-Molekül Ähnelt dem N2 mehr als dem P2.

Field of study: Physics