nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
By-product data and forecasting in unemployment insurance.

The unemployment insurance program has been operating in this country since the beginning of 1938. There have been many growing pains during these first eleven years. The operating problems involved in setting up this vast program have left little time thus far for careful consideration of the statistical data that are automatically produced in the course of its operations. These data, now and in the future, can be a fruitful source of information on changes in economic activities. The comprehensive nature of these data, covering every city and county, giving information by detailed sub-industry, and yielding statistics for each week and month, makes it possible to test various theories of the business cycle, and may, as a result of careful analysis, reveal interrelationships among economic variables that are now unsuspected. The data described in this paper are collected by all the state unemployment insurance agencies as part of their operations. However, some states publish only the statistics...

Field of study: Mathematics
Analytic modelling of steady state single-effect absorption cycles

Single-effect absorption cycles with and without refrigerant circulation are analytically modelled. Using heat exchanger effectiveness and the Duhring equation, the governing equations of the absorption cycles are reduced to cubic and quadratic equations, whose solution allows quick analytic simulation of absorption systems with minimal information on working fluids. The models are valid for chillers, heat pumps and heat transformers and are useful for evaluation of working fluids and quick simulation of absorption cycles.

Field of study: Engineering
The variant rs8048002 T>C in intron 3 of the MHC2TA gene is associated with risk of developing acute coronary syndrome.

Recently, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (rs8048002) in the MHC class II transactivator gene (MHC2TA) was shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to several inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to test for an association between this MHC2TA gene polymorphism and susceptibility to the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in a group of Mexicans patients. The single nucleotide polymorphism (rs8048002) of the MHC2TA gene was analyzed by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 452 patients with ACS and 456 healthy controls. The C allele and TC genotype were associated with risk of developing ACS (OR=4.55, pC=6×10(-4) and OR=4.41, ), respectively). Multiple logistic analysis was used for estimate risk between ACS patients and controls adjusted by cardiovascular risk factors (gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, body mass index and alcohol consumption). In this analysis, the TC+CC genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of ACS as compared to TT genotype (OR=4.56, pC=0.004). In summary, our data suggest that the MHC2TA rs8048002 C>T gene polymorphism plays an important role in the risk of developing ACS.

Field of study: Medicine
Strain softening in stretched DNA.

The microscopic mechanics of DNA stretching was characterized using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. By employing an anisotropic pressure-control method, realistic force-extension dependences of effectively infinite DNA molecules were obtained. A coexistence of B and S DNA domains was observed during the overstretching transition. The simulations revealed that strain softening may occur in the process of stretching torsionally constrained DNA. The latter observation was qualitatively reconciled with available experimental data using a random-field Ising model.

Field of study: Physics
Meet Fermilab's new director

In the near term, Nigel Lockyer wants to get a large neutrino experiment built. In the long term, he wants Fermilab to host a world-leading particle collider. In the near term, Nigel Lockyer wants to get a large neutrino experiment built. In the long term, he wants Fermilab to host a world-leading particle collider.

Field of study: Physics
Multi-purpose forests on peatland

Current forestry policy has multiple objectives including wood production, nature conservation, landscape, recreation and environment protection. There are about 190 000 ha of planted forest on deep peat and another 315 000 ha on shallower peat. Deep peat covers just over 2 million ha in Britain, so the area planted is some 9.5%. The paper describes how modern silvicultural practices are designed to achieve these multiple benefits of forests on peatland.

Field of study: Environmental science
Preparation, characterization and application of platinum catalysts immobilized on clays

Clay-supported platinum catalysts were prepared by ion-exchange using cationic clays. The immobilized platinum cations were reduced by applying liquid- or gas-phase reduction procedures. The catalysts obtained were examined by X-ray diffractometry, and the results were compared with the diffractograms of the parent clays and that of a catalyst prepared by impregnation. The modifications in the diffractograms were used to estimate the fraction of metal migrated from the interlamellar space on the outer surface of the clay lamellae. The reaction rates and selectivities obtained in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and crotonaldehyde over these catalysts supported our interpretation related to the position of the metal particles.

Field of study: Materials science
Inclusive Practices as Empowering Venture for Persons with Disabilities: The Case of ST Angela Vocational School for the Deaf in Mumias, Kenya

In Kenya, a disproportionate number of persons with special needs and disabilities are unable to access quality education and training. However, this is being reduced by the practice of inclusive education as outlined by the 2018 Inclusive Education Policy. The paper focuses on three persons with disabilities who have been empowered through inclusive practices in Education. They are: Benta, Julia and Agnes (not their real names). These people are self-employed and successful interacting with their non-disabled customers who acknowledge their contribution to the society. The paper established that inclusive practices enhances positive attitude among stakeholders. It also increases self-esteem and confidence. Furthermore, it creates a situation for comparison among stakeholders, hence empowering persons with disabilities  Inclusive practices, Empowering, Persons with disabilities, Non-disabled persons, attitude, equal opportunities.  10.7176/JEP/11-9-05 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Field of study: Education
Using gradient directions to get global convergence of Newton-type methods

The renewed interest in Steepest Descent (SD) methods following the work of Barzilai and Borwein [ (1988)] has driven us to consider a globalization strategy based on SD, which is applicable to any line-search method. In particular, we combine Newton-type directions with scaled SD steps to have suitable descent directions. Scaling the SD directions with a suitable step length makes a significant difference with respect to similar globalization approaches, in terms of both theoretical features and computational behavior. We apply our strategy to Newton's method and the BFGS method, with computational results that appear interesting compared with the results of well-established globalization strategies devised ad hoc for those methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Serum proteomic analysis identifies interleukin 16 as a biomarker for clinical response during early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

To conduct a comprehensive quantitative proteomics analysis of novel serum protein biomarkers based on synovitis status associated with matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and to determine the clinical significance of these biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).



Patients with untreated RA (n=28), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) (n=30), and healthy controls (HCs) (n=30) were enrolled for the screening assay. A total of 1128 serum proteins were analyzed using the SOMAscan™ assay. Serum levels of MMP-3 and interleukin (IL)-16 were measured using a latex turbidimetric immunoassay and ELISA at baseline and 12weeks after treatment with methotrexate (MTX) for MTX-naïve RA patients (n=28) or with the biologics tocilizumab (TCZ) (n=7), abatacept (ABT) (n=11) or infliximab (n=22) for MTX-inadequate response (IR) RA patients. Correlation analysis was conducted using Spearman's rank correlation method.



Proteomics showed that serum IL-16 levels were most positively correlated with those of MMP-3 (ρ=0.51, p<0.01) and were significantly increased in patients with untreated active RA compared to HCs (p<0.01) or those with pSS (p<0.01). IL-16 levels decreased following treatment in both the MTX-naïve and MTX-IR groups. Regarding clinical response, fluctuations in IL-16 levels were positively associated with changes in clinical indicators, particularly the Clinical Disease Activity Index (ρ=0.89, p<0.01) in the TCZ and ABT-treated group. However, no similar correlation was noted in MMP-3 and acute phase reactants in any groups.



IL-16 was a more effective clinical parameter than MMP-3, C-reactive protein, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate in both MTX-naive and MTX-IR RA patients. IL-16 might be a useful biomarker for evaluating clinical response in RA patients.

Field of study: Medicine
Investigation of surface topology of printed nanoparticle layers using wide-angle low-Q scattering.

A new small-angle scattering technique in reflection geometry is described which enables a topological study of rough surfaces. This is achieved by using long-wavelength soft X-rays which are scattered at wide angles but in the low-Q range normally associated with small-angle scattering. The use of nanometre-wavelength radiation restricts the penetration to a thin surface layer which follows the topology of the surface, while moving the scattered beam to wider angles preventing shadowing by the surface features. The technique is, however, only applicable to rough surfaces for which there is no specular reflection, so that only the scattered beam was detected by the detector. As an example, a study of the surfaces of rough layers of silicon produced by the deposition of nanoparticles by blade-coating is presented. The surfaces of the blade-coated layers have rough features of the order of several micrometers. Using 2 nm and 13 nm X-rays scattered at angular ranges of 5° ≤ θ ≤ 51° and 5° ≤ θ ≤ 45°, respectively, a combined range of scattering vector of 0.00842 Å(-1) ≤ Q ≤ 0.4883 Å(-1) was obtained. Comparison with previous transmission SAXS and USAXS studies of the same materials indicates that the new method does probe the surface topology rather than the internal microstructure.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Ce Doping on Microwave Absorption Properties 
of Pr2Fe17 Alloy

CexPr2−xFe17 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloy powders were successfully synthesized by arc smelting and a high energy ball milling method. The structure, morphology, magnetic properties and electromagnetic parameters of the powders were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a vector network analyzer (VNA), respectively. The results show that the saturation magnetization decreases with an increase of Ce concentration. The minimum absorption peak frequency shifts towards a higher frequency region firstly and then towards a lower frequency region based upon the Ce concentration. The CexPr2−xFe17 alloys exhibit good microwave absorbing properties. The minimum reflection loss of Ce0.1Pr1.9Fe17 powder is about −13.67 dB at 6.40 GHz, and the frequency bandwidth of RL < −8 dB reaches about 2.24 GHz with a thickness of 1.8 mm.

Field of study: Materials science
Using Mobile Telepsychiatry to Close the Mental Health Gap

India, with an estimated population of 10 million people affected by serious mental disorders, has only about 4,000 psychiatrists to provide for its mental health needs. The situation has been exacerbated by the fact that 70% of the available psychiatrists are located in metropolitan and urban areas, leaving the majority of the country with extremely limited access to mental health care services. Factors such as ignorance about mental illness and unfamiliarity with treatment options also act as barriers to treatment. Even when a diagnosis has been made, cost and time of traveling to appointments, the availability and cost of medication, and the stress of a long journey or wait for the bus can contribute to patients dropping out of care. These conditions prevail in much of the developing world. Logic dictates that we look beyond the usual options to bridge the gap in mental health care service provision. One such option that has the potential to become a major force multiplier, especially in reaching out to remote rural areas, is telepsychiatry, more specifically mobile telepsychiatry. This has to a large extent become a viable and feasible option in India, which has witnessed exponential growth in the information and communication technology industry over the past 15 years. The other major contributing factor has been the strong backing by the government of India through its entity known as the Indian Space Research Organization for telemedicine programs.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Sparse recovery by reduced variance stochastic approximation

In this paper, we discuss application of iterative Stochastic Optimization routines to the problem of sparse signal recovery from noisy observation. Using Stochastic Mirror Descent algorithm as a building block, we develop a multistage procedure for recovery of sparse solutions to Stochastic Optimization problem under assumption of smoothness and quadratic minoration on the expected objective. An interesting feature of the proposed algorithm is its linear convergence of the approximate solution during the preliminary phase of the routine when the component of stochastic error in the gradient observation which is due to bad initial approximation of the optimal solution is larger than the "ideal" asymptotic error component owing to observation noise "at the optimal solution." We also show how one can straightforwardly enhance reliability of the corresponding solution by using Median-of-Means like techniques. We illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms in application to classical problems of recovery of sparse and low rank signals in linear regression framework. We show, under rather weak assumption on the regressor and noise distributions, how they lead to parameter estimates which obey (up to factors which are logarithmic in problem dimension and confidence level) the best known to us accuracy bounds.

Field of study: Computer science
Influence of ice-thawing concentration treatment on the quality of litchi juice

Litchi juice after sterilized was concentrated by ice-thawing concentration.The effects of icethawing concentration on the total soluble solids,browning degree and titrable acidity were analyzed.And volatile aromatic compounds of litchi juice in the course of concentration were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME and GC-MS) method.The results indicated that the total soluble solids and browning degree in litchi juice were decreasing with thawing volume increasing.The kinds of volatile aromatic compounds of litchi juice in different stages concentrated by the ice-thawing concentrated way were different.The choice of the boundary point took the analysis about the physico-chemical index and volatile aromatic compounds into comprehensive consideration,and to get more volatile aromatic compounds in concentrated juice,the thawing litchi juice with 40% in volume was found as the boundary point separated the concentrated juice and the residual liquid.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The slow rotating centrifuge microscope NIZEMI--a versatile instrument for terrestrial hypergravity and space microgravity research in biology and materials science.

NIZEMI (slow rotating centrifuge microscope) is a tool for optical investigations of small biological and non-biological specimens during variable accelerations. Two laboratory models for ground research designed for accelerations from 1 to 5 x g and 10 x g respectively are used for terrestrial research, especially in gravitational biology. A space facility was developed and built for the Spacelab mission IML-2 during which eight experiments were performed successfully. The specifications and topic design features of the NIZEMI models are presented in this paper.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Retinal pigment epithelial cell plasma membrane: a monoclonal antibody study.

The plasma membranes of retinal pigment epithelial cells are highly specialized organelles with multiple functions including nutritional and metabolic support of the photoreceptor cells. Using purified bovine retinal epithelial cell plasma membranes as antigen, we produced two monoclonal antibodies, MAbD1-C6 and MAbD1-C8, that cross react with the plasma membranes from bovine, rat and human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In radioimmunoassay both MAbD1-C6 and MAbD1-C8 had similar affinities for bovine plasma membranes. Both monoclonal antibodies identified a protein of 72 Kd with an apparent subunit of 32-35 Kd. The protein was localized to the cell surface of human and bovine retinal pigment epithelium by immunocytohistochemistry. In the normal eye the antigen identified by the monoclonal antibodies was strongly associated with the retinal pigment epithelium and weakly associated with lens tissue. Using either monoclonal antibody, components of purified bovine or rat retinal pigment epithelial plasma membranes were precipitated from solution. Based on these results, we conclude that both monoclonal antibodies are closely related and that they may be useful for the isolation and study of retinal pigment epithelial cell structure.

Field of study: Biology
Biosynthesis, release and degradation of the novel endogenous cannabimimetic metabolite 2-arachidonoylglycerol in mouse neuroblastoma cells.

The monoacylglycerol 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has been recently suggested as a possible endogenous agonist at cannabinoid receptors both in brain and peripheral tissues. Here we report that a widely used model for neuronal cells, mouse N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells, which contain the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, also biosynthesize, release and degrade 2-AG. Stimulation with ionomycin (1-5 microM) of intact cells prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid ([3H]AA) led to the formation of high levels of a radioactive component with the same chromatographic behaviour as synthetic standards of 2-AG in TLC and HPLC analyses. The amounts of this metabolite were negligible in unstimulated cells, and greatly decreased in cells stimulated in the presence of the Ca2+-chelating agent EGTA. The purified component was further characterized as 2-AG by: (1) digestion with Rhizopus arrhizus lipase, which yielded radiolabelled AA; (2) gas chromatographic-MS analyses; and (3) TLC analyses on borate-impregnated plates. Approx. 20% of the 2-AG produced by stimulated cells was found to be released into the incubation medium when this contained 0.1% BSA. Subcellular fractions of N18TG2 cells were shown to contain enzymic activity or activities catalysing the hydrolysis of synthetic [3H]2-AG to [3H]AA. Cell homogenates were also found to convert synthetic [3H]sn-1-acyl-2-arachidonoylglycerols (AcAGs) into [3H]2-AG, suggesting that 2-AG might be derived from AcAG hydrolysis. When compared with ionomycin stimulation, treatment of cells with exogenous phospholipase C, but not with phospholipase D or A2, led to a much higher formation of 2-AG and AcAGs. However, treatment of cells with phospholipase A2 10 min before ionomycin stimulation caused a 2.5-3-fold potentiation of 2-AG and AcAG levels with respect to ionomycin alone, whereas preincubation with the phospholipase C inhibitor neomycin sulphate did not inhibit the effect of ionomycin on 2-AG and AcAG levels. These results suggest that the Ca2+-induced formation of 2-AG proceeds through the intermediacy of AcAGs but not necessarily through phospholipase C activation. By showing for the first time the existence of molecular mechanisms for the inactivation and the Ca2+-dependent biosynthesis and release of 2-AG in neuronal cells, the present paper supports the hypothesis that this cannabimimetic monoacylglycerol might be a physiological neuromodulator.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Contrasting seismic characteristics of three major faults in northwestern Canada

The Lithoprobe Slave – Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) profiles crossed three major tectonic zones of the northwestern Canadian Shield and northern Canadian Cordillera that are diverse in age and in depth of penetration. The oldest (2630–2590 Ma), the Yellowknife River fault zone, formed as a strike-slip fault in a tensional strain regime. Reflector attenuation or truncations align vertically beneath the fault trace through much of the crust, implying a near-vertical fault plane. The youngest (60–10 Ma), the Tintina fault zone, produced cumulative dextral strike-slip displacements of 425 km, perhaps 800 km. Tomographic velocity and ray-trace models of reflection data indicate that several fault splays form a tectonic zone 30 km wide at the surface, but truncations of deeper crustal reflections suggest that the zone thins in the mid-crust and widens near the Moho. This apparent variable width versus depth of the Tintina fault is atypical of major strike-slip faults worldwide. The Teslin fault was an active terrane boundary during accretion of terranes onto North America. Observed reflection geometries indicate that the juxtapositions of highly contrasting metamorphic grades across the Teslin fault are confined to the upper crust along SNORCLE line 3, implying that the fault soles eastward into a mid-crustal detachment at the interpreted top of North American crust. The limited depth extent of the Teslin fault zone is similar to some models of the San Andreas fault and may result from their similar histories as convergent margin structures.

Field of study: Environmental science
Factor Analysis of the Personal Profile System

Principal components extraction with orthogonal and oblique rota tions tested construct validity for the Personal Profile System. MOST-LIKE en dorsements of 96 behavioral descriptors were coded with 4, LEAST-LIKE with 1, and unendorsed with 2.5. Descriptor data from 1,045 senior noncommissioned Air Force officers were normalized. Four factors accounted for 85% of total variance, with 19 descriptors loading significantly on two factors and the remaining 77 on just one factor. The measure of sampling adequacy for every descriptor exceeded .94. One factor for the varimax-rotated (best) analysis was bi-scalar, loading on Steadiness and Compliance descriptors; a second resembled Influencing, a third loaded almost exclusively on Dominance, and a fourth did not contain a nonchance number of loadings for any single theoretical dimension. All descriptors loaded on at least one factor at .30 or higher, accommodating an acceptable theoretical degree of psychometric and measurement properties and indicating four-factor relevance. Results do not completely justify previous Personal Profile System publisher claims. ABILITIES to understand, predict, direct, change, and control human behavior are often difficult to acquire, yet are highly desirable personal at tributes that are helpful for success in a variety of interpersonal environ ments. For people to understand better their own behavioral tendencies and the behavioral tendencies of others with whom they come in contact, many educational methodologies have been applied. Among these are self-scoring psychological instruments. From their inception as a technique in educa tional and organizational settings, however, psychological instruments have been the target of extensive scrutiny, criticism, and debate (Standards for

Field of study: Education