nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Congruence Between Spouses’ Perceptions and Observers’ Ratings of Responsiveness

Although close relationships require partners to depend on one another for mutual responsiveness, avoidantly attached individuals are especially averse to risking such dependency. The authors propose that both avoidant and non-avoidant individuals perceive signs of their own and their partners’ responsiveness in ways that reflect motivated perceptions of dependency. The present research examined how the interplay between spouses’ attachment avoidance and observed responsive behaviors during marital conflict shaped perceptions of their own and their partners’ responsiveness. Newlywed couples attempted to resolve a relationship conflict and then reported perceptions of their own and their partners’ responsiveness during the conflict. Observers also coded both partners’ responsive behaviors during the conflict. Avoidant spouses perceived themselves as less responsive, especially when observers rated them as more responsive; avoidant spouses also perceived their partners as less responsive. The discussion highlights the role of attachment in understanding links between responsiveness-related perceptions and behaviors.

Field of study: Psychology
Sensitivity of PARASOL multi-angle photopolarimetric aerosol retrievals to cloud contamination

An important problem in satellite remote sensing of aerosols is related to the need to perform an adequate cloud screening. If a cloud screening is applied that is not strict enough, the ground scene has the probability of residual cloud cover which causes large errors on the retrieved aerosol parameters. On the other hand, if the cloud-screening procedure is too strict, too many clear sky cases, especially near-cloud scenes, will falsely be flagged cloudy. The detrimental effects of cloud contamination as well as the importance of aerosol cloud interactions that can be studied in these near-cloud scenes call for new approaches to cloud screening. Multi-angle multi-wavelength photopolarimetric measurements have a unique capability to distinguish between scattering by (liquid) cloud droplets and aerosol particles. In this paper the sensitivity of aerosol retrievals from multi-angle photopolarimetric measurements to cloud contamination is investigated and the ability to intrinsically filter the cloud-contaminated scenes based on a goodness-of-fit criteria is evaluated. Hereto, an aerosol retrieval algorithm is applied to a partially clouded over-ocean synthetic data set as well as non-cloud-screened over-ocean POLDER-3/PARASOL observations. It is found that a goodness-of-fit filter, together with a filter on the coarse mode refractive index (mrcoarse > 1.335) and a cirrus screening, adequately rejects the cloud-contaminated scenes. No bias or larger SD are found in the retrieved parameters for this intrinsic cloud filter compared to the parameters retrieved in a priori cloud-screened data set (using MODIS/AQUA cloud masks) of PARASOL observations. Moreover, less high-aerosol load scenes are misinterpreted as cloud contaminated. The retrieved aerosol optical thickness, single scattering albedo and Angstrom exponent show good agreement with AERONET observations. Furthermore, the synthetic retrievals give confidence in the ability of the algorithm to correctly retrieve the micro-physical aerosol parameters.

Field of study: Environmental science
Freezing times of meat balls in belt freezers: experimental determination and prediction by different methods

Freezing times of beef meat balls were experimentally determined in a prototype belt freezer. Working conditions covered a wide range of velocities and temperatures of the refrigerating air. The air flowed parallel or through the belt, either upwards or downwards, thus resembling the way in which different industrial equipment operates. Freezing times were predicted by a numerical method and by six recently developed approximate methods, using three different sets of thermal properties for minced beef. The comparison of experimental and predicted freezing times showed that both the numerical method and the values of the heat transfer coefficient were adequate. However, the results predicted by the different approximate methods depended strongly and with no definite trend on the values of thermal properties used.

Field of study: Engineering
ARTICLES: Propagation of optical pulses under two-photon resonance absorption conditions

An investigation is made of optical pulse propagation in a two-photon-absorbing medium in the incoherent regime. Simple analytic expressions describing the initial stage of evolution of arbitrarily shaped radiation pulses are derived in the long-wavelength approximation. The steady-state pulse shape is determined. In cases of self-modulation instability, the steady-state pulse is a harmonic wave whose period is governed by the properties of the medium and does not depend on the intensity of the propagating radiation. A qualitative investigation is made of the formation of steady-state pulses.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Ultrasound-Assisted Method for Preparation of Ag2S Nanostructures: Fabrication of Au/Ag2S-PVA/n-Si Schottky Barrier Diode and Exploring Their Electrical Properties

Au/n-Si metal/semiconductor (MS) Schottky barrier diodes with and without (Ag2S-PVA) interlayer were prepared by the ultrasound-assisted method and their electric and dielectric properties were examined by using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measuring devices. The structural, optical and morphological characteristics of the (Ag2S-PVA) were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The observed peaks in the XRD pattern are related to the α-phase of silver sulfide. The UV–Visible spectrum of (Ag2S-PVA) shows the quantum confinement and SEM image proves the grain size in nano-scale. The ideality factor (n) and barrier height (BH) at zero bias (ΦB0(I–V)) were acquired from the I–V data. On the other hand; Fermi energy (EF), donor concentration atoms (ND), and BH (ΦB(C–V)) values were obtained from the reverse bias C–V data. The voltage-dependent resistance profile (Ln(Ri)–V) was obtained by applying Ohm’s law and also by the Nicollian–Brews methods. Also, considering the voltage-dependent n and BH, Nss–(Ec–Ess) profile was acquired from the forward biases I–V characteristics. Depending on high, intermediate and low biases ln(I)–Ln(V) curves have three linear regions with distinct slopes for MS and MPS structures. The predominant current-transport mechanisms were obtained in related regions via trap-charge limited current and space-charge limited current, respectively. These outcomes indicate that the (Ag2S-PVA) interlayer enhanced the performance of the diode considerably in terms of high rectifier rate (RR), shunt resistance (Rsh), and low surface states (Nss) and series resistance (Rs). Thus, the (Ag2S-PVA) interlayer can be used in MS type diode instead of a traditional insulator layer.

Field of study: Materials science
Endogenizing Capital in MRIO Models: The Implications for Consumption-Based Accounting.

Nearly 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the production of capital goods. Consumption-based emission calculations based on multiregional input-output (MRIO) models allocate emissions occurring in the production of intermediate goods to the final goods produced in an economy. Like intermediate goods, capital goods are used in production processes; yet the emissions associated with their production are not allocated to the industries using them. As a result, the carbon footprint of final consumption as well as emissions embodied in trade are currently underestimated. Here, we address this problem by endogenizing capital transactions in the EXIOBASE global MRIO database, thereby allocating emissions from capital goods to final consumption. We find that endogenizing capital substantially increases the carbon footprint of final consumption (by up to 57% for some countries), and that the gap between production-based and consumption-based emissions increases for most countries. We also find that the global emissions embodied in trade increase by up to 11%, and that current patterns of bilaterally traded emissions are amplified. Furthermore, endogenizing capital leads to a 3-fold increase in the carbon footprint of certain product categories. The results suggest that our approach constitutes an important improvement to current input-output methodology.

Field of study: Environmental science
WE‐A‐BRB‐09: Brachytherapy Using Pyroelectric Based X‐Ray Sources

To assess the feasibility of a miniature pyroelectric electron and x‐ray sources for brachytherapy applications.  Polarized z‐cut lithium niobate crystals that initially measured 1 cm3 were cut into various thicknesses. Samples were placed individually in a glass chamber held at 1×10‐3 Torr, and heat propagation measurements were taken on opposing z‐axis crystal faces. For electron and x‐ray measurements, crystals were mounted to a 200 micron thick 1 cm2 substrate of high carbon steel. A 35° copper electron wedge target was placed 0.8 cm from the crystal face. The crystal substrate was heated with a Fluxeon Royer‐based induction heater operating at 62 KHz. The liberated electron current was measured using a Keithley 614 electrometer. X‐ray spectroscopy and count rate measurements were made using an Ortec 905‐3 NaI(Tl) detector with an Ortec Trump‐32 MCA and a PC based Geiger‐Muller counter, respectively.  Induction heating with a total device current of 212W produced an initial substrate heating of 2.3°C per second from 23°C to 125°C with a maximum tempreture of 149°C in 67 seconds during material testing. Linear heating of the 1 cm thick crystal on the face opposite the substrate was observed (0.182°C/s rise) between 32°C and 68°C over the course of 240 seconds. Heating of 0.33 °C/s was measured during device operation from 22°C to 149°C. Crystals of 1 cm thickness produced x‐ray emissions with a maximum energy of 39 keV. Emission calculations indicate that 7.8×101 1 electrons were produced. This corresponds to an equivalent peak source activity of 0.6 mCi, assuming a 1 % conversion of electrons to X‐ray photons. During the heating period, an emission in packed bursts with a peak current of 4×10‐10A was measured.  Pyroelectric based emitters could potentially be used as miniature electron and x‐ray sources for radiation therapy and imaging applications.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Study on the Infiltrate in Gold Smelting Residue with Two-step Oxidation and Fenton Reagent

In order to solve the difficult problem of treating the infiltrate in gold smelting residue,the "two-step oxidation with Fenton reagent" is used to treat it.The results indicated that the sodium hypochlorite is more efficient than the calcium hypochlorite in the two-step oxidation process.With the conditions that the molar ratio of the available chlorine to the cyanide is 4.5∶1 in the first oxidation process,the ratio 8∶1 in the second oxidation process,25 minutes reaction time both in the two oxidation process,and the hydrogen peroxide dosage of 3.0 mL/L,iron sub-sulfate dosage of 2 g/L and 70 minutes reaction time,97.9% cyanide,67.7% COD and almost all of the copper ion can be removed,the effluent could match the national discharge standard GB8978.

Field of study: Environmental science
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel substituted [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction inhibitors

A novel series of compounds, derived from [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines with a guanidyl group or amino group-terminated side chain was designed and synthesized as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription–trans-activation responsive region (Tat–TAR) interaction inhibitors. Their ability to inhibit Tat–TAR RNA interaction was determined by a Tat-dependent HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-induced syncytium evaluation. The binding of the compounds with TAR RNA was conducted by molecular modeling and capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The results showed that all the compounds could block the Tat–TAR interaction and have antiviral activities.

Field of study: Chemistry
Towards automation in biologics production via Raman micro-spectroscopy, laser-induced forward cell transfer and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Mammalian cells have become the predominant expression system for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to their capabilities in posttranslational modifications. In recent years, the efficacy of these production processes has increased significantly through technical improvements. However, the state of the art in the development of producer cell lines includes many manual steps and is as such very time- and cost- consuming. In this study we developed a process combination of Raman micro-spectroscopy, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an automated machine system for the identification, separation and characterization of single cell-clones for biopharmaceutical production. Raman spectra showed clear differences between individual antibody-producing and non-producing chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells after their stable transfection with a plasmid coding for an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. Spectra of producing CHO cells exhibited Raman signals characteristic for human IgG. Individual producing CHO cells were successfully separated and transferred into a multiwell plate via LIFT. Besides, changes in concentration of human IgG in solution were detected via SERS. SERS spectra showed the same peak patterns but differed in their peak intensity. Overall, our results show that identification of individual antibody-producing CHO cells via Raman micro-spectroscopy, cell separation via LIFT and determination of changes in concentrations of overexpressed protein via SERS are suitable and versatile tools for assembling a fully automated system for biopharmaceuticals manufacturing.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Characterization of certain choice functions

We characterize rationality of certain choice functions C by C(A) ∩ C(B) ⊇ C(A ∪ B) ⊆ C(A) ∪ C(B). We also characterize choice functions coming from preference relations which are partial orders and some other types of relations. Furthermore, we also characterize the admissible set of a binary relation by the fact it is invariant under certain changes in the relation.

Field of study: Economics
Oscillator spacing and the probability for the recoilless Λ-production in nuclei

The relative contribution of the recoilless and quasifreeΛ-production in the (K−,π−) strangeness exchange reaction in nuclei is estimated by using the nuclear Debye-Waller factor. The expressions for theΛ-oscillator spacing ħωΛ needed for such an estimate are derived by means of procedures which lead to quite simple formulae for ħωΛ as function of the mass number and are useful in obtaining improved results.

Field of study: Physics
Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 serum levels in prognosis of hormone-dependent breast cancer.

Increasing amount of evidence points to the importance of immunity in breast cancer. The prognostic value of cytokines and their effect on tumorigenesis remains inconsistent.



To investigate the prognostic significance of IL6 and IL8 and their association with ER and HER2 in estrogen-dependent (ER+) breast cancer.



The study included 79 premenopausal women with early and locally advanced ER+ breast cancer. All patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy: tamoxifen alone (56/79) or combination with LHRH agonist goserelin (23/79). IL6 and IL8 serum protein levels were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was implemented for prognostic evaluation of the data categorized based on metastasis outcome.



IL6 associated with good (P = 0.001, HR = 0.05) and IL8 with poor disease outcome (P = 0.03, HR = 2.5) in the whole group of patients. Multivariate analyses highlighted IL6 as the independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001, HR = 0.0007). When patients were classified according to ER or HER2 status, IL6 did not have prognostic significance in ERlow and ERhigh subgroups, while IL8 retained prognostic significance only in the ERhigh subgroup (P = 0.04, HR = 2.8). IL6 was significant in both HER2- (P = 0.001, HR = 0.05) and HER2+ subgroups (P = 0.002, HR = 0.04), while IL8 retained its prognostic significance only in the HER2+ subgroup (P = 0.001, HR = 77.8).



This study contributes to the clarification of the prognostic performance of IL6 and IL8 by providing their first prognostic evaluation in the homogenized ER+ breast cancer patient group. IL6 was indicated as a marker of favorable, whereas IL8 was a marker of unfavorable disease outcome.

Field of study: Medicine
DNA vaccine pcD-flaB protects guinea pigs from Leptospira infection

To observe the protective effects of the DNA vaccine pcD-flaB on guinea-pigs from the infection by pathogenic Leptospira .  DNA vaccine pcD-flaB was given to the healthy guinea pigs i.m. on day 0, and boost seven days later. The animals were then challenged with three serovars of pathogenic Leptospira — L.serovar lai, L.serovar linhai and L.serovar pomona respectively.  DNA vaccine pcD-flaB protected guinea pigs from leptospiral infection and the protective rates against the three serovars were 8/9, 9/9 and 9/9 respectively.  DNA vaccine pcD-flaB provided protection not only from the same serovar of Leptospira infection, but also from the different serovars of Leptospira infection.

Field of study: Biology
On Integrated and Differentiated C_2-Sequence Spaces

The integrated and differentiated C_2-sequence spaces are defined and studied by using the norm on the bicomplex space C_2, infinite matrices of the bicomplex number and the Orlicz functions. We also studied some topological properties of the C_2-sequence spaces We define the α-duals of the integrated and differentiated C_2-sequence spaces.

Field of study: Mathematics
Calibration Between Undergraduate Students' Prediction of and Actual Performance: The Role of Gender and Performance Attributions

This study investigated changes in male and female students' prediction and postdiction calibration accuracy and bias scores, and the predictive effects of explanatory styles on these variables beyond gender. Seventy undergraduate students rated their confidence in performance before and after a 40-item exam. There was an improvement in students' bias between prediction and postdiction judgments, although male students' decrease in bias was greater than female students. Female students' accuracy remained stable from prediction to postdiction, and male students exhibited greater accuracy then females. Additionally, the task centered and student centered testing styles positively predicted students' accuracy while the social centered style was a negative predictor, beyond the effect of gender. In addition, no attribution was a significant predictor of bias.

Field of study: Education
Modeling of the DC Inductive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

DC fault current limiter is an important device for the dc system, because the action speed of the existing selective protection cannot match the dc fault developing speed. Due to its excellent capacity on limiting dc fault rising speed, the analyses of dc inductive type superconducting fault current limiter (I-SFCL) are attracting more attention. In this paper, a modeling method for dc I-SFCL is proposed to describe its nonlinear characteristic of inductance. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the dc I-SFCL is briefly introduced, and the magnetic equivalent circuit is established according to the magnetic field distribution. Then, the relationship between dc transient current and the current-limiting inductance of dc I-SFCL is discussed. By analyzing the equivalent magnetic circuit, a mathematical I-SFCL model is proposed in Matlab based on the actual geometric and electrical parameters. Finally, under the same dc test platform, the magnetic flux density, the voltage and the current of dc I-SFCL in Matlab model are compared with that in finite element method (FEM) model. Simulation results verifies the validity and the correctness of the model.

Field of study: Physics
Fabrication of Copper Ferrite Thin Films from Aqueous Solution by the Liquid-phase Deposition Method

Liquid-phase deposition, LPD, method was used for the fabrication of copper ferrite (CuFe 2 O 4 ) thin film from aqueous solution system of FeOOH-NH 4 ·HF (aq.) and Cu source (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 or CuCl 2 ) with H 3 BO 3 . SEM observation revealed that highly homogeneous thin film was formed on a substrate. In X-ray diffraction measurements, major peaks assigned to CuFe 2 O 4 was observed in heat-treated films. Quantitative analysis of elements in the deposited films indicated the deposition of CuFe 2 O 4 . The kinds of Cu-source did not affect on the deposition. Initial content of Cu 2+ could alter the Fe/Cu atomic ratio in deposited film.

Field of study: Chemistry
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OAT

In addition to grain drying on the farm, food processing of oats involves heat treatments at the mill with 
temperatures up to 100.C and moisture contents from 9.5% to 18%. Addition of heat and water may modify the viscoelastic 
properties of the grains and influence product quality. Oat grains were sanded into uniformly thick pieces and tested using 
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) over a range of temperatures (-20.C to 100.C). Heating oats decreases their stiffness, 
as indicated by a decrease in storage modulus (E') until 36.C to 57.C. Thereafter, E' increases until 100.C. Moisture also 
affects E'; at water activities from 0.114 to 0.443, it increases stiffness. However, at higher water activities, it has a plasticizing 
effect. The effect of reheating on E' was markedly different, and the value of E' at the start of the measurement was higher 
than at the start of first heating, suggesting that heating caused a permanent change in the macromolecular structure. These 
results suggest that changes in the mechanical properties may occur even at grain drying temperatures.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Large sample inference for diagnostic normal limits in gaussian populations

A large sample test for equality of two Gaussian population normal limits (percentiles) is proposed and its properties investigated.In particular,its power is compared with that of the usual test in the case of homoscedastic populations.Several estimators of normal limits are examined and the rate of convergence of their distributions to the Gaussian distributsion examined.A pooled estimator of a normal limit is suggested in the case of two population normal limits being accped as identical, and its asymptotic properties compared with those of this paper are then illustrated on data from nerve conduction studies.

Field of study: Mathematics