nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Applications of Order Statistics to Multivariate Analysis II

(1979) summarized applications of order statistics to multivariate analysis up through 1949. The present paper covers the period 1950–1959. References in the two papers were selected from the first and second volumes, respectively, of the author's chronological annotated bibliography on order statistics [Harter (1978, 1983)]. Tintner (1950a) established formal relations between four special types of multivariate analysis: (1) canonical correlation, (2) principal components, (3) weighted regression, and (4) discriminant analysis, all of which depend on ordered roots of determinantal equations. During the decade 1950–1959, numerous authors contributed to distribution theory and/or computational methods for ordered roots and their applications to multivariate analysis. Test criteria for (i) multivariate analysis of variance, (ii) comparison of variance–covariance matrices, and (iii) multiple independence of groups of variates when the parent population is multivariate normal were usually deri...

Field of study: Mathematics
Dietary patterns and plasma concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in 315 Norwegian women: the NOWAC Postgenome Study.

This study was undertaken to assess the impact of self-reported dietary habits and lifestyle on the plasma concentration of selected perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in a representative group of 315 middle-aged Norwegian women (48-62 years of age). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; median: 20 ng/mL), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; 4.4 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS; 1.0 ng/mL), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA; 0.81 ng/mL) were detected in more than 90% of the plasma samples. By using multivariate data analysis, women who ate fish or "fish eaters" (high consumers of fish and shellfish) were identified as having increased plasma concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS. Younger women with a larger household and a "western" diet consisting of rice, pasta, water, white and red meat, chocolate, snacks, and pastries had lower concentrations of the same compounds. No specific food cluster was associated with increased PFOA concentrations, indicating that the dietary impact on PFOA concentrations was different from that of the other investigated PFCs. This study confirms that the total diet is a major contributor to human body burdens of selected PFCs, but the identification of dietary predictors is highly dependent on the dietary habits within the population studied due to the ubiquitous presence of PFCs in many kinds of food.

Field of study: Environmental science
Spin accumulation in asymmetric topological insulator thin films in out of plane magnetic fields

In this work we study the spin accumulation due to an in-plane electric field in an asymmetric topological insulator (TI) thin film system with an out of plane magnetic field and an in-plane magnetization. A TI thin film differs from the more typically studied thick TI system in that the former has both a top and a bottom surface where the states localized at both surfaces can couple to each other due to the finite thickness. In typical spin torque experiments on TI thin film systems, the top and bottom surfaces of the film are asymmetric as the former is in contact with a ferromagnetic layer while the latter is adjacent to a non magnetic substrate. This may lead to differing (i) potentials and (ii) magnetization strengths experienced by the top and bottom surface states. We show, via Kubo formula calculations, that each of these two effects can lead to in-plane spin accumulation perpendicular to the magnetization direction which are otherwise absent in a top-bottom symmetric TI thin film system. This spin accumulation results from the breaking of the antisymmetry of the spin accumulation around the zero magnetic field equal energy contours.

Field of study: Physics
Kontinuierliche Elektronenstrahlung in Funkenentladungen

ZusammenfassungEin Vergleich der in Funkenentladungen aller Art, in Flüssigkeiten und in Gasen unter hohem wie bei vermindertem Druck auftretenden kontinuierlichen Spektren ergibt Übereinstimmung aller dieser Kontinua in allen ihren Eigenschaften. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Eigenschaften Punkt für Punkt mit den für kontinuierliche Elektronenstrahlung zu erwartenden übereinstimmen, und daß die kontinuierlichen Funkenspektren, deren auffallendste Vertreter das kontinuierliche Unterwasserfunkenspektrum, das kontinuierliche Spektrum der exploded wires und das Lyman-Andersonsche Vakuumfunkenkontinuum sind, als kontinuierliche Elektronenstrahlung gedeutet werden müssen.

Field of study: Physics
Massively Parallel Simulation of the Characteristics of Cavitation Flow in a Centrifugal Pump Impeller

The paper presents numerical simulation of the characteristics of cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump impeller. Analysis was performed by OpenFOAM code. A two-phase cavitation model which includes the local vapor volume fraction and having the spatial and temporal variation of the vapor fraction was introduced. Simulation results show that the cavitation of the centrifugal pump mainly occurs in the impeller region. At the tip of the impeller pressure side, the pressure is higher than the critical pressure resulting in cavitation bubble collapse. The cavitation damage will occur here.

Field of study: Engineering
"Real-life" Efficacy and Safety Aspects of 4-Year Omalizumab Treatment for Asthma

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of omalizumab in asthma in a real-life setting.  This 4-year observational study included 65 patients treated with omalizumab during clinic visits; treatment response was rated as excellent, good, and partial based on a modified physician’s Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (mGETE) scale of emergency room visits (ERV), hospitalization, use of oral corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist (LABA) dose, and short-acting β-agonist rescue. The following tests were done: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the asthma control test (ACT). Measurements were performed 1 month before therapy and at 16 weeks, 1 year, and 4 years of treatment. Statistical analyses were done using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman rank correlation, and McNemar χ2 test.  The dropout rate was 15 (18.5%): 8 nonresponders (10.0%); 2 patients died (2.5%), and 5 were lost to follow-up (6.25%). Treatment response was excellent in 35 (53.8%); good in 23 (35.4%), and partial in 7 patients (10.8%). The number of excellent responders increased from 35 (53.8%) at 16 weeks to 48 (73.8%) at the 4-year follow-up. The number of patients who did not require ERV improved from 0 to 59 (90.8%), and the lowest rate of hospitalization was 1 in year 4 (p < 0.001); patients who did not require courses of oral corticosteroids improved from 0 to 54 (83%). ICS/LABA dose significantly reduced from 65 (100%) to 25 (38.5%) after 4 years of treatment (p < 0.001); ACT scores significantly increased from 15 ± 3 at baseline to 23 ± 3 (p < 0.001) and FEV1 level from 55.6 ± 10.6 to 76.63 ± 10.34 at year 4.  In this study, omalizumab therapy resulted in better asthma control, and was effective and well tolerated as an add-on therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Field of study: Medicine
Synthesis of tetraphenylporphins with reactive groups in the phenyl rings. 7.* salts of tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylaminophenyl)porphins

Tetrakis(N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)porphins and water-soluble salts of tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylaminophenyl)porphins have been obtained by the alkylation of tetrakis(aminophenyl)porphins with methyl iodide.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effects of age and parental history of alcoholism on EEG findings in mission Indian children and adolescents.

Many, but not all, Native American tribes have some of the highest rates of alcohol abuse and dependence. Yet, risk factors for the development of problem drinking in these high risk groups remain largely unknown. In primarily Euroamerican populations, electrophysiological variables have been associated with risk for alcoholism. The EEG has a specific developmental time course that has been described in a diverse set of ethnic groups, but it has not been described in Native American youth. In addition, the relationship between EEG development and risk for alcoholism in Indian youth has not been previously studied.



Clinical ratings and spectral characteristics of the resting EEG were investigated in 140 Native American Mission Indian children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 13 years. The specific aims of the study were to (1) investigate the relationship of age and gender with EEG spectral variables to determine if this population conforms to similar trends from previously published data in other ethnic groups and (2) to determine whether children with a parental history of alcoholism differ from those without alcoholic parents on EEG spectral parameters.



No excess of abnormal EEG activity was found in this sample of Native American youth. Age, but not gender, was found to have a significant effect on EEG spectral characteristics with younger children (7-11 years old), having significantly more power in slow activity (0.5-7.5 Hz) and in alpha power (8-12 Hz) as well as slower alpha frequencies than older children (12-13 years old). Consistent with other studies of Native American youth, 66% of the children and adolescents participating in this study had at least one parent who had a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence. However, an ANCOVA that covaried for age and gender revealed no significant differences in power or frequency characteristics of the EEG on the basis of parental history of alcoholism.



These studies suggest that this sample of Mission Indian children, despite high levels of parental alcohol dependence and low socioeconomic status, show normal EEG development. As yet, no relationship has been found between any specific EEG phenotype and parental history of alcoholism in this population, however, further EEG maturation may be necessary before any relationships can be fully delineated.

Field of study: Medicine
lai fu mi te lian he acei zhi liao man xing shen xiao qiu shen yan de lin chuang guan cha yu fen xi

目的：对氟米特联合ACEI治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床效果进行观察与分析。方法资料选自2011年10月~2013年10月在本院住院治疗的慢性肾小球肾炎患者84例，随机分为两组，每组各42例，给予对照组患者常规的对症治疗，实验组在对照组基础上行氟米特联合ACEI治疗，观察与分析两组患者的治疗效果。结果实验组患者的治疗效果明显优于对照组患者，两组患者的临床治疗效果比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对慢性肾小球肾炎患者行氟米特联合ACEI治疗，能够有效的降低患者体内尿蛋白的含量，值得各大医疗机构临床推广使用。

Field of study: Medicine
Why study moonlighting proteins?

The examples above illustrate just some of the ways in which the continuing study of moonlighting proteins is important: developing novel therapeutics, identifying previously unknown cellular processes, elucidating the connections among biochemical pathways, understanding novel protein mechanisms, improving the prediction of protein functions, and providing information about the evolution of protein structure and function as well as examples for the design of new proteins. The references listed above and especially the collection of papers in this Research Topic are recommended for providing more in-depth examples and analysis of these topics. 
 
Conflict of interest statement 
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Field of study: Biology
Analysis of post-Olympic tourist products.

Modern Olympic Games is a competitive sports assembly,and also an occasion for promoting mass con-sumption.With the development of the Olympic Games,the international fame of Beijing is significantly uplifted.China has become one of the top 4 foreign tourist reception countries in the world.There are many choices and measures for fully utilizing the Olympic effect to turn Beijing Olympic Games 2008 into a propellant for the devel-opment of tourism in China,such as fully utilize the cultural characteristics of Olympic tourism to form a tourism culture with Beijing features;highlight Olympic features and establish the overall image of Olympic tourism;fully utilize tourism resources in Beijing to develop tourist products in various forms;utilize opportunities in the Olympic Games to build the Beijing tourism brand in full power;hold signature events and serialize their operations;estab-lish a completed tourist souvenir sales network;establish a strategic alliance with foreign tourism enterprises.

Field of study: Education
Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: an update and physiological analysis.

Salinisation of land is likely to increase due to climate change with impact on agricultural production. Since most species used as crops are sensitive to salinity, improvement of salt tolerance is needed to maintain global food production. This review summarises successes and failures of transgenic approaches in improving salt tolerance in crop species. A conceptual model of coordinated physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots required for salt tolerance is presented. Transgenic plants overexpressing genes of key proteins contributing to Na+ 'exclusion' (PM-ATPases with SOS1 antiporter, and HKT1 transporter) and Na+ compartmentation in vacuoles (V-H+ ATPase and V-H+ PPase with NHX antiporter), as well as two proteins potentially involved in alleviating water deficit during salt stress (aquaporins and dehydrins), were evaluated. Of the 51 transformations with gene(s) involved in Na+ 'exclusion' or Na+ vacuolar compartmentation that contained quantitative data on growth and include a non-saline control, 48 showed improvements in salt tolerance (less impact on plant mass) of transgenic plants, but with only two tested in field conditions. Of these 51 transformations, 26 involved crop species. Tissue ion concentrations were altered, but not always in the same way. Although glasshouse data are promising, field studies are required to assess crop salinity tolerance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Field of study: Environmental science
Study on Corrosive Behavior of Mo Modified Layers on Titanium Alloy in 5%NaCl Solution

The Mo surface modified layer on Ti6Al4V substrate was obtained by the double glow plasma surface alloying technique.The structure component and electrochemical behaviors of the surface modified layers were tested, and the corrosion behavior in 5%NaCl solution was studied. The results show that the surface modified layer consists of deposit layer and diffusion layer, and the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy in 5%NaCl solution increases after surface modification.

Field of study: Materials science
Performance and cost trade-off in Tracking Area reconfiguration: A Pareto-optimization approach

Tracking Area (TA) design is one of the key tasks in location management of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. TA enables to trace and page User Equipments (UEs). As UEs distribution and mobility patterns change over time, TA design may have to undergo revisions. For revising the TA design, the cells to be reconfigured typically have to be temporary torn down. Consequently, this will result in service interruption and ''cost''. There is always a trade-off between the performance in terms of the overall signaling overhead of the network and the reconfiguration cost. In this paper, we model this trade-off as a bi-objective optimization problem to which the solutions are characterized by Pareto-optimality. Solving the problem delivers a host of potential trade-offs among which the selection can be based on the preferences of a decision maker. An integer programming model has been developed and applied to the problem. Solving the integer programming model for various cost budget levels leads to an exact scheme for Pareto-optimization. In order to deliver Pareto-optimal solutions for large networks in one single run, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) embedded with Local Search (LS) is applied. Unlike many commonly adopted approaches in multi-objective optimization, our algorithm does not consider any weighted combination of the objectives. Comprehensive numerical results are presented in this study, using large-scale realistic or real-life network scenarios. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Field of study: Computer science
RESONANT SCATTERING OF ANTINEUTRINOS

A cosmic ray recorder operated for 21 days underground at a depth of 5050 mwe yielded no cosmic-ray events, which means that the meson flux is probably less than 0.5/m/sup 2/ day and there is probably no resonance in antineutrino scattering by electrons involving a virtual charged boson (muon) with a mass equal to that of a K meson.

Field of study: Physics
Characteristics of soil seed bank in saline-alkali wetlands of Tianjin Binhai New Area.

This paper studied typical wetlands'soil seed banks(SSB) in Tianjin Binhai New Area and analyzed the composition,diversity and temporal and spatial distribution of SSB in three standard plots through field investigation and germinated seeds.Results showed that there were 26 species in the SSB,with species density 6,809～30,644/m2 and ecological dominance 0.51～0.81.The diversity index showed a relatively low value,with the highest Shannon-Wiener value of 1.78.The similarity indicator between SSB and aboveground vegetation was low as well,with the lowest value of 0.21.Vertical distribution demonstrated significantly obvious condition with 0-5cm having the most species.Furthermore,it still explained the germinating regulation changing over time,which provided reference for vegetation restoration using SSB.

Field of study: Environmental science
Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Corporate Governance Structure: Evidence in Malaysia

The objectives of this paper are to investigate the extent of the intellectual capital disclosure and the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance variables in Malaysian public listed companies. The independent variables tested in this study comprise various forms of corporate governance structure: (1) board composition, (2) role duality, (3) size of audit committee and (4) frequency of audit committee meetings. A sample of 150 companies listed in Bursa Malaysia was selected consisting of five industries which are Information Technology, Consumer Product, Industrial Product, Trading/Services and Finance. The descriptive statistics, content analysis and linear regression model were performed to analyze the data. Out of 4 variables tested, only the frequency of audit committee meeting has significant positive relationship in influencing the level of intellectual capital disclosure in Malaysia. The result also found 72.6 percent of the selected companies disclosed intellectual capital in their annual reports. However the extent of the intellectual capital disclosure among Malaysian companies is still relatively low about 3.45 percent. This result revealed that most of Malaysian companies are aware about the intellectual capital disclosure, however, they are not aware on how to measure, report and disclose this information in their annual report.

Field of study: Business
Academic Health Center Psychology Representation to the Council of Faculty and Academic Societies (CFAS) of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)

This paper outlines the perspectives of the two currently appointed representatives of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) to the Council of Faculty and Academic Societies (CFAS) of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The authors focus on why it is important for psychologists, especially those in academic health centers (AHCs), to be part of CFAS. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate how involvement in organizations like the AAMC helps AHC psychologists serve as ambassadors for psychology in AHCs and assists AHC psychologists in staying fluent regarding hot topics within academic medicine. The first author is a more senior member of APAHC, and so reflects the perspective of long-serving APAHC members; the second author reflects the perspectives of newer generations of APAHC members, those who have been active in APAHC for 10 years or less. The authors discuss their experiences being at national CFAS meetings. They describe meeting events including presentations such as those by national policy experts and scholars; and speed mentoring with medical residents from the AAMC Organization of Resident Representatives. Of special importance has been their opportunities for informal conversations with the AAMC’s President and CEO, Board Chair, and Chief Public Policy Officer. They also have participated in networking functions that encourage interdisciplinary knowledge sharing and relationship building.

Field of study: Psychology
Saltation Velocity of Wheat Materials in Horizontal Flow

Saltation velocity in pneumatic transport of granular materials through enclosed pipes is defined as the mean air velocity at which the settling of particles to the bottom of a horizontal pipe starts. We tested three wheat materials including wheat, sizings, and flour for their saltation velocities in a horizontal cylindrical pipe for different feed rates of materials. Two statistical models were obtained to predict saltation velocities: 1) by using the results of SAS STEPWISE procedure and 2) by combining Buckingham p Theorem with the SAS STEPWISE procedure. The models were tested by using F-statistics. Both models explained the variability at 0.0001 level of significance. Also, the significance of each independent variable in the models was tested by using t-test. All variables in the model were significant at an a level 0.0045 or less. The R square of the two models were 0.974 and 0.996, respectively. The most important variables that affected the saltation velocity were feed rate, particle size, and specific surface area.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Review on numerical modeling of active magnetic regenerators for room temperature applications

The active magnetic regenerator (AMR) is an alternative refrigeration cycle with a potential gain of energy efficiency compared to conventional refrigeration techniques. The AMR poses a complex problem of heat transfer, fluid dynamics and magnetic field, which requires detailed and robust modeling. This paper reviews the existing numerical modeling of room temperature AMR to date. The governing equations, implementation of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), fluid flow and magnetic field profiles, thermal conduction etc. are discussed in detail as is their impact on the AMR cycle. Flow channeling effects, hysteresis, thermal losses and demagnetizing fields are discussed and it is concluded that more detailed modeling of these phenomena is required to obtain a better understanding of the AMR cycle.

Field of study: Engineering
Study on the Interaction of Alaminum Ion with Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Resonance Light Scattering Measurement

In an acidic medium of pH2.21, the interaction of Al~(3+) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) results in enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra characterized by a peak at 291 nm. That is, Al~(3+) is mainly in combination with phosphate ion of the surface of DNA molecule. Thermally denaturation of double stranded DNA will lead to interaction Al~(3+) with base of DNA, and will decreased th RLS signals. It was found that under the optimal condition the enhanced RLS intensity at 291.0 nm was proportional to the concentration of DNA, and a RLS method for the determination of trace DNA was accordingly established. The limit of determination was nanogram level. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of DNA in synthetic samples with the recovery of 91.6%～105.0%.

Field of study: Chemistry