nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
NEW STRATEGY AND ALGORITHM OF MODULAR BASED MINLP FOR PROCESS SYNTHESIS

This paper deals with the formulation and solution of a class of mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems, applied to optimal process synthesis in a modular environment. The proposed algorithm avoids doing a lot of calculation of the model equations. It makes the size of MINLP small. The MINLP algorithm consists of solving alternation sequences of MILP master problem and NLP subproblems, whose sizes are remarkably reduced. The NLP subproblem provides the linearization information of the nonlinear constraints that relate the output variables to input variables specified explicitly. The HDA process is taken as a case study of the capabilities of the process synthesizer. It proves that the proposed solution deals with complex MINLP problems satisfactory.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Modulation of cell surface markers on NK-like T lymphocytes by using IL-2, IL-7 or IL-12 in vitro stimulation.

Cytotoxicity and proliferation of NK-like T (CIK) cells are dependent on the continuous presence of exogenous cytokines, but it is not known which cytokine is optimal. Here, we compared the effect of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 7 (IL-7) or interleukin 12 (IL-12) on the generation of CIK cells in addition to IL-1, interferon-gamma and anti-CD3 antibodies. Cell surface markers important for cytotoxic activity and adhesion were defined and cytokines leading to their optimal expression were determined. The most important findings were: (a) IL-12 generates the most CD3/CD56-double-positive CIK cells, (b) the expression of LFA-1/CD11a which is important for cytotoxic activity is highest with IL-7, and (c) IL-7 also generates the most CD28-positive cells which may enhance T cell receptor co-stimulation. In summary, essential differences concerning antigen expression were found when generating CIK cells using IL-7 or IL-12 instead of IL-2. In particular, IL-12 may be of interest due to the high expansion of CD56 positive cells in CIK cell cultures and the important role of these cells in mediating cytotoxicity towards malignant tissues.

Field of study: Medicine
DISSECTING GALAXY FORMATION MODELS WITH SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS—A NEW APPROACH TO CONSTRAIN THE MILKY WAY FORMATION HISTORY

We present an application of a statistical tool known as sensitivity analysis to characterize the relationship between input parameters and observational predictions of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation coupled to cosmological N-body simulations. We show how a sensitivity analysis can be performed on our chemo-dynamical model, ChemTreeN, to characterize and quantify its relationship between model input parameters and predicted observable properties. The result of this analysis provides the user with information about which parameters are most important and most likely to affect the prediction of a given observable. It can also be used to simplify models by identifying input parameters that have no effect on the outputs (i.e., observational predictions) of interest. Conversely, sensitivity analysis allows us to identify what model parameters can be most efficiently constrained by the given observational data set. We have applied this technique to real observational data sets associated with the Milky Way, such as the luminosity function of the dwarf satellites. The results from the sensitivity analysis are used to train specific model emulators of ChemTreeN, only involving the most relevant input parameters. This allowed us to efficiently explore the input parameter space. A statistical comparison of model outputs and real observables is used to obtain a "best-fitting" parameter set. We consider different Milky-Way-like dark matter halos to account for the dependence of the best-fitting parameter selection process on the underlying merger history of the models. For all formation histories considered, running ChemTreeN with best-fitting parameters produced luminosity functions that tightly fit their observed counterpart. However, only one of the resulting stellar halo models was able to reproduce the observed stellar halo mass within 40 kpc of the Galactic center. On the basis of this analysis, it is possible to disregard certain models, and their corresponding merger histories, as good representations of the underlying merger history of the Milky Way.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of the Strength for the Spun Silk Air jet Yarns by the First Jet Structure Parameters

The effects on the strength for the spun silk air jet yarns by the first jet structure parameters such as length,orifice diameter and angle,passageway diameter,slotting fibre were investigated.On the basis of the results,the first jet structure parameters of the spun silk air jet could be defined rationally.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Implications of Critical Literacy for Language Classroom

The present study is aimed at examining how critical literacy helps the students in using language efficiently and exploring new ways of reading any text. The study focuses on gauging the place of critical literacy at graduate level and also checks the awareness of students and teachers to this productive way of using language. This study also tries to find out about the gap that exists between the objectives of critical literacy in Pakistan and our present curriculum. For this purpose both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. Finally it brings the results that in Pakistan curriculum dominantly focuses the structural level of language and does not give students sociopolitical insight. The learning of students is more bookish and does not enable the learners to employ their language skill in understanding the ways of the world.  Critical Literacy, Critical thinking, Curriculum, Civic education,

Field of study: Education
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Thermus thermophilus prolyl-tRNA synthetase.

Prolyl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus (ProRSTT) was purified to homogeneity using a five-step purification procedure and was crystallized using ethylene glycol as a precipitant. Crystals of ProRSTT belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 132, b = 191, c = 125 A, have two homodimers per asymmetric unit and diffract to 2.4 A resolution. A complete native data set to 2.43 A resolution has been collected and a data set from ProRSTT in complex with proline has been collected to 2.9 A resolution.

Field of study: Chemistry
Transient Characteristics of YBCO Tapes Under Pulsed Current and Pressures

Taking the advantage of quench behavior, high-temperature superconductors (HTS), such as YBCO tapes, are gradually used in the resistive superconducting fault current limiters (RSFCLs) for the direct current power system. However, due to the high cost, as well as the mechanical vulnerability, the complexity of HTS still remains. In this article, first YBCO tapes were sustained under different pressures, and then the transient characteristics of the tapes were tested under a huge pulsed current. Results show that while applying pressures on YBCO tapes, the resistance would increase significantly. Thus, a new approach to increase the quench resistance of RSFCLs was proposed, which could potentially reduce the consumption of YBCO tapes and cut down the cost.

Field of study: Physics
Investigation of the High Mobility IGZO Thin Films by Using Co-Sputtering Method

High transmittance ratio in visible range, low resistivity, and high mobility of IGZO thin films were prepared at room temperature for 30 min by co-sputtering of Zn2Ga2O5 (Ga2O3 + 2 ZnO, GZO) ceramic and In2O3 ceramic at the same time. The deposition power of pure In2O3 ceramic target was fixed at 100 W and the deposition power of GZO ceramic target was changed from 80 W to 140 W. We chose to investigate the deposition power of GZO ceramic target on the properties of IGZO thin films. From the SEM observations, all of the deposited IGZO thin films showed a very smooth and featureless surface. From the measurements of XRD patterns, only the amorphous structure was observed. We aimed to show that the deposition power of GZO ceramic target had large effect on the Eg values, Hall mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity of IGZO thin films. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis in the thicknesses’ profile of IGZO thin films found that In and Ga elements were uniform distribution and Zn element were non-uniform distribution. The SIMS analysis results also showed the concentrations of Ga and Zn elements increased and the concentrations of In element was almost unchanged with increasing deposition power.

Field of study: Materials science
EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO DE DANÇA NO NÍVEL DE APTIDÃO FUNCIONAL DE MULHERES DE 50 A 80 ANOS - DOI: 10.4025/reveducfis.v19i3.6005

Functional capacity is reduced in aging. However, physical activity may improve the functional fitness and the ability to perform daily life’s physical tasks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dance training on functional fitness components and functional fitness level index (FFLI). Twenty-eight women (62.28 ± 6.93 years) participated in 4-months of dance training, with 3 sessions/week of 1 hour. The volunteers were assessed by motor test battery of AAHPERD. The analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, Student paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. There were significant gains after training in AGILEQ (s): 24.5±3.5/ 20.1±2.8*, RESISTRE (rep): 30.8±4.0/32.7±4.6* e IAFG (pt.): 364.0 /375.0* and maintenance of other components of functional fitness. The results suggested that training dance for a period of four months is effective to improve AGILEQ,  IAFG of women with 50 to 80 years.

Field of study: Education
Disability weights in the Global Burden of Disease 2010: unclear meaning and overstatement of international agreement.

The Global Burden of Disease Project (GBD) is a huge international enterprise that provides vast amounts of valuable data on (a) the prevalence of different diseases in the world as a whole, in regions and in individual countries, (b) their causes (risk factors), and (c) their burden on populations in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). However, the methods used for disability weighting of life years are problematic. After a long history of changing concepts and methods the GBD in its 2010 version has landed on 'health' as a unidimensional construct to be used for weighing multi-dimensional non-fatal health problems against each other and against death. The unidimensional health construct does not have a clear meaning. It likely also leads to biases in assessments of conditions that in everyday language are associated with 'being ill' as opposed to conditions which are not associated with 'being ill' (states of physical disability and the state dead). Furthermore, the transformation of ordinal data from paired comparisons into disability weights with purported ratio scale properties is not validated nor explained in a way that allows judgements of face validity. There are also issues related to the way in which different health problems were described to respondents. Lastly, international agreement on disability weights is clearly overstated. Policy makers at national and international levels should understand the GBD 2010 methods properly and carefully consider their validity before deciding to implement the methods, or the disability weights estimated so far by means of them, in further projects and studies. Considerable local adjustments of the weights offered presently are a likely outcome of such methodological scrutiny.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Finescale Structure of a Snowstorm over the Northeastern United States: A First Look at High-Resolution HIAPER Cloud Radar Observations

AbstractThe newly developed High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) is an airborne, W-band, dual-polarization, Doppler research radar that fits within an underwing pod on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream-V HIAPER aircraft. On 2 February 2015, the HCR was flown on its maiden research voyage over a cyclone along the Northeast coast of the United States. Six straight flight legs were flown over 6 h between the northern tip of Delaware Bay and Bangor, Maine, crossing the rain–snow line, and passing directly over Boston, Massachusetts, which received over 16 in. of snow during the event. The HCR, which recorded reflectivity, radial velocity, spectral width, and linear depolarization ratio with a 0.7° beam, was pointed at nadir from a flight altitude of 12,800 m (42,000 ft). The along-track resolution ranged between 20 and 200 m, depending on range, at aircraft speeds varying between 200 and 275 m s−1. The range resolution was ...

Field of study: Environmental science
Implement the WebGIS of ElectricPower Corporation

WebGIS can be used to monitor electrical wire meshwork equipment location or traffic conditions to support decision-making.Many strategies can be employed to add electric power corporation GIS functionality to the Web:1.Server-side strategies2.Client-side strategies3.Server and client processes can be combined in hybrid strategies.These strategies include their own advantages and disadvantages.Electric power corporations can get a perfect scheme according their condition.

Field of study: Computer science
Direct conversion detectors: the effect of incomplete charge collection on detective quantum efficiency.

Direct conversion detectors offer the potential for very high resolution and high quantum efficiency for x-ray imaging, however, variations in signal can arise due to incomplete charge collection. A charge transport model was developed to describe the signal and noise resulting from incomplete charge collection. This signal to noise ratio (SNR) reduction was incorporated into the cascaded systems model for a simple x-ray detector. A new excess noise factor, A(c) (termed the collection noise factor) is introduced to describe the reduction in detective quantum efficiency (DQE). The DQE is proportional to the product of the quantum efficiency and the collection noise factor. If the trapping cross sections for electrons and holes are very different, and if the detector is biased improperly, the collection noise factor can drop to as low as 50%. In addition, the signal loss due to incomplete charge collection will reduce the DQE in the presence of added noise. Because of this, the DQE generally does not continue to improve with greater detector thickness. The collection noise factor and DQE are predicted for CdZnTe, PbI2, and Se. The optimization of detector thickness should be based not only on quantum efficiency but also on the charge collection statistics, which are influenced by bias field and polarity.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
The Role of Infrared Radiation Pressure in Shaping Dusty Winds in AGNs

The detection of dusty winds dominating the infrared emission of AGN on parsec scales has revealed the limitations of traditional radiative transfer models based on a toroidal distribution of dusty gas. A new, more complex, dynamical structure is emerging and the physical origin of such dusty winds has to be critically assessed. We present a semi-analytical model to test the hypothesis of radiatively accelerated dusty winds launched by the AGN and by the heated dust itself. The model consists of an AGN and an infrared radiating dusty disk, the latter being the primary mass reservoir for the outflow. We calculate the trajectories of dusty gas clumps in this environment, accounting for both gravity and the AGN radiation as well as the re-radiation by the hot dusty gas clouds themselves. We find that the morphology consists of a disk of material that orbits with sub-Keplerian velocities and a hyperboloid polar wind launched at the inner edge of the dusty disk. This is consistent with high-angular resolution infrared and sub-mm observations of some local Seyfert AGN. The strength of the wind and its orientation depend on the Eddington ratio and the column density of the dusty clumps, which is in agreement with proposed radiation regulated obscuration models developed for the X-ray obscuring material around AGN.

Field of study: Physics
Secure Multiparty Computation with Partial Fairness

A protocol for computing a functionality is secure if an adversary in this protocol cannot cause more harm than in an ideal computation where parties give their inputs to a trusted party which returns the output of the functionality to all parties. In particular, in the ideal model such computation is fair -- all parties get the output. Cleve  proved that, in general, fairness is not possible without an honest majority. To overcome this impossibility, Gordon and Katz (Eurocrypt 2010) suggested a relaxed definition -- 1/p-secure computation -- which guarantees partial fairness. For two parties, they construct 1/p-secure protocols for functionalities for which the size of either their domain or their range is polynomial (in the security parameter). Gordon and Katz ask whether their results can be extended to multiparty protocols. 
We study 1/p-secure protocols in the multiparty setting for general functionalities. Our main result is constructions of 1/p-secure protocols when the number of parties is constant provided that less than 2/3 of the parties are corrupt. Our protocols require that either (1) the functionality is deterministic and the size of the domain is polynomial (in the security parameter), or (2) the functionality can be randomized and the size of the range is polynomial. If the size of the domain is constant and the functionality is deterministic, then our protocol is efficient even when the number of parties is O(log log n) (where n is the security parameter). On the negative side, we show that when the number of parties is super-constant, 1/p-secure protocols are not possible when the size of the domain is polynomial.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Alcoholism among four aboriginal groups in Taiwan: high prevalences and their implications.

An epidemiological study of alcohol use disorders was conducted on population samples from four aboriginal groups in Taiwan (a total of 993 subjects). The survey involved ethnographic observation and a semistructured psychiatric interview. The interview covered a detailed symptom profile that allowed diagnoses to be made according to different diagnostic criteria. The lifetime prevalences of alcoholism according to the ICD-10 (research criteria) and the DSM-III-R criteria were found to be 42.2-54.7% and 44.2-55.5%, respectively, much higher than the rates found in an earlier study (0.11-0.16%) conducted 40 years ago. Men in all groups were found to have higher prevalences, a lower mean age at onset, and a longer mean duration (except in one group) of alcoholism than women. Differences in the distribution of sociodemographic correlates (age, sex, marital status, education, and ethnicity) of ICD-10 harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence were examined by case-control analysis with logistic regression. The lifetime prevalences of alcohol use disorders were higher than in recent epidemiological surveys conducted elsewhere. Possible biological and sociocultural explanations for the high prevalence of alcoholism among the study populations are discussed.

Field of study: Medicine
Design and evaluation of group-specific oligonucleotide probes for quantitative analysis of intestinal ecosystems: their application to assessment of equine colonic microflora.

Nine oligonucleotide probes complementary to conserved regions of small subunit rRNA from phylogenetically defined clusters of intestinal anaerobic bacteria were designed and evaluated for use in quantitative analysis of intestinal microflora. Optimum wash temperatures (T(w)) were determined according to the temperature of dissociation (T(d)) of each probe and target group specificity was demonstrated by comparing hybridisation to target and non-target rRNA immobilised on nylon membranes. Three probes are targeted to phylogenetic clusters of Clostridiaceae, clusters III, IV and IX, with three probes designed to target previously undefined clusters within the low %G+C Gram-positive phyla. The remaining three probes encompass the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides assemblage, the Bacillus-Lactobacillus-Streptococcus group and the Spirochaetaceae. Application of these probes, alongside available probes targeted to other intestinal bacterial groups, against rRNA extracted from equine colonic samples has provided the first quantitative data on the predominant bacterial populations inhabiting the equine large intestine. Results show the Spirochaetaceae, the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides assemblage, the Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides group, and 'Unknown cluster C' of the Clostridiaceae to be the largest populations in the equine gut, each comprising 10-30% of the total microflora in each horse sampled. Other detected notable populations were the Bacillus-Lactobacillus-Streptococcus group, Fibrobacter and 'Unknown cluster B', each comprising 1-10% of the total flora. Average coverage using the suite of probes described here exceeded 75% of the total microbial community.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Das elektromagnetische Feld von Lichtquanten

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel werden die früheren Untersuchungen des Verfassers fortgeführt und wird gezeigt, daß die Terme 1/c ∂/∂t in den Gleichungen von Maxwell als Folge gegenseitiger Wirkungen von Lichtquanten angesehen sein können.

Field of study: Physics
Neuromarketing: Will It Revolutionise Business?

Neuromarketing, the latest form of marketing study and practice, is the study of the brain’s responses to advertising 
and all the messages and images that they are associated with by using the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
(fMRI). It assumes that the human brain has discrete functional areas and that consumer behaviour is largely driven 
by the subconscious. NM has been regularly used for about five years now by major corporations across a wide 
spectrum of categories and has received much attention from popular press. It has also elicited severe opposition 
from consumer groups which argue the dangers of mind control. However, NM’s fundamental premises are weak, it 
lacks empirical proof and is also used to further economic and political interest. The authors are thus sceptical about 
NM’s true effectiveness and believe that it is more hype than substance.

Field of study: Business