nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of polymer blend mixing in twin-screw extruders

The performance of a laboratory-scale, fully-intermeshing twin-screw extruder for the production of well-mixed (PSAN/PMMA) (polystyrene-acrylonitrile/polymethylmethacrylate) blends from commercial grade PSAN and PMMA pellets was investigated. We were interested in determining whether the composition of the extruded material reflected the composition of the mixture fed into the extruder as well as whether any polymer degradation occurred under the chosen operating conditions. This is of interest since twin-screw mixing is a popular and convenient technique for the production of blend samples for rheological analysis. Blends of PSAN and PMMA are of particular interest since, being partially miscible, they are useful in the study of the effect of flow on polymer blend thermodynamics. The uniformity of the extruded material was analyzed using infra-red spectrophotometry on samples taken at various locations along a strand extruded from a cylindrical die. We observed small fluctuations of local concentration around an average; this average coincides with the composition of the material fed to the extruder. The possibility of degradation was investigated through gel permeation chromatography, carried out on the same samples. The results indicated that under the chosen operating conditions no degradation was observed.

Field of study: Materials science
Integrating evaluative research and community-based mental health care in Verona, Italy

Verona is a city of about 260 000 inhabitants, located in northern Italy, half way between Milan and Venice and on the route from Italy to central Europe. It is a historical city with impressive Roman and medieval monuments. Verona is also a modern and affluent city, with a commercial and industrial centre and a university that includes a school of medicine with a good reputation.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
SHAPE ACCURACY ADJUSTMENT OF CABLE-MESH REFLECTOR USING LEAST SQUARES METHOD

An iteration approach, based on least squares optimization, for shape accuracy adjustment of the active cable-mesh reflector in large radio telescope is presented according to the demands of the reflector deformation. The optimization model regarding nodal force increment as design variable is established to minimize the sum of residual squares of node position relative to the design paraboloid. The displacement field to deform the reflector can be obtained by linearizing the residual function. Static analytical model is established with cable element deduced on the expression of elastic catenary of a cable, so the nodal force increment corresponding to a certain displacement field can be solved. The numerical example shows that the method proposed possesses a rapid convergence rate.

Field of study: Engineering
Whole Genome Identification of Potential G-Quadruplexes and Analysis of the G-Quadruplex Binding Domain for SARS-CoV-2

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has become a global public health emergency. G-quadruplex, one of the non-canonical secondary structures, has shown potential antiviral values. However, little is known about the G-quadruplexes of the emerging SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we characterized the potential G-quadruplexes in both positive and negative-sense viral strands. The identified potential G-quadruplexes exhibited similar features to the G-quadruplexes detected in the human transcriptome. Within some bat- and pangolin-related betacoronaviruses, the G-tracts rather than the loops were under heightened selective constraints. We also found that the amino acid sequence similar to SUD (SARS-unique domain) was retained in SARS-CoV-2 but depleted in some other coronaviruses that can infect humans. Further analysis revealed that the amino acid residues related to the binding affinity of G-quadruplexes were conserved among 16,466 SARS-CoV-2 samples. Moreover, the dimer of the SUD-homology structure in SARS-CoV-2 displayed similar electrostatic potential patterns to the SUD dimer from SARS. Considering the potential value of G-quadruplexes to serve as targets in antiviral strategy, our fundamental research could provide new insights for the SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery.

Field of study: Biology
XBOM Modeling Method for Product Family

The design based on product family is the key technology to implement mass customization.Its objective is to provide customers individualized products as soon as possible with the lowest cost.XBOM oriented product family gives the mapping relations between the BOM views in the process of production,ensure data consistency.In order to realization supporting BOM variant design,this paper introduces the product family architecture theory,set up the generic XBOM which coverage function domain,technology domain and physics domain,formed a single materials data source product family-oriented,and propose the various types of BOM generation algorithm based on the generic XBOM;Finally introduce the relevant software system design and its application.

Field of study: Computer science
Computational Aeroacoustic Analysis of Slat Trailing-Edge Flow

An acoustic analysis based on the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation was performed for a high-lift system. As input, the acoustic analysis used unsteady flow data obtained from a highly resolved, time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes caclulation. The analysis strongly suggests that vortex shedding from the trailing edge of the slat results in a high-amplitude, high-frequency acoustic signal, similar to that which was observed in a corresponding experimental study of the high-lift system.

Field of study: Physics
Ginsenoside Rh2 Mitigates Pediatric Leukemia Through Suppression of Bcl-2 in Leukemia Cells

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe malignant cancer worldwide, in both adult and pediatric patients. Since bone marrow cell transplantation is seriously limited by the availability of the immune-paired donor sources, the therapy for pediatric leukemia remains challenging. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a well-characterized component in red ginseng, and has established therapeutic effects for different diseases, although whether GRh2 may have a therapeutic effect on pediatric leukemia has not been investigated.  We examined the effects of GRh2 on the survival of mice in an acute leukemia model. We analyzed the effects of GRh2 on the cell viability of leukemia cell lines in vitro, using a CCK-8 assay and an MTT assay. We analyzed the effects of GRh2 on the apoptosis of leukemia cell lines in vitro, by flow cytometry. We analyzed the levels of Bcl-2 and microRNA-21 (miR-21) in GRh2-treated leukemia cells. Prediction of binding between miR-21 and 3'-UTR of Bcl-2 mRNA was performed by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay.  GRh2 significantly prolonged the survival of mice with pediatric leukemia. GRh2 significantly decreased the viability of leukemia cells in vitro, through induction of apoptosis. GRh2 significantly decreased the levels of an anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in leukemia cells, possibly through induction of miR-21, which suppressed the translation of Bcl-2 mRNA via 3'-UTR binding.  GRh2 may be an effective treatment for pediatric leukemia, and GRh2 may induce apoptosis of leukemia cells through miR-21-modulated suppression of Bcl-2.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
NOAA–NASA–DoD Workshop on Satellite Data Assimilation

A workshop on the assimilation of satellite sounding information using global forecast and climate models was held at College Park, Maryland, 23–25 August 1999. Topics discussed included comparisons of assimilations of satellite retrievals versus satellite–observed radiances, planning for the use of advanced infrared sounders, the use of satellite sounding data affected by land surfaces, radiative transfer issues, and error characteristics of models and observations. The workshop concluded with a number of general and specific recommendations to advance the state of the art of assimilation of satellite sounding data.

Field of study: Environmental science
Influence of Kenya Vision 2030’s Education Policy on Quality Education in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru District, Kenya

The thrust of this study was to examine the level of attainment of the main   Kenya vision 2030s’ education policy flagship targets and their influence on the enhancement of quality and equitable provision   of education in public secondary schools in Nakuru District, Kenya. The study was premised on Dale’s cone of visual classification of learning experiences. The study used descriptive survey design. Stratified random sampling was used to select 10 principals from 24 and 32 teachers from 308, constituting 41.7 % and 10.3 % of the target population of principals and teachers in Nakuru District, respectively, to participate in the study.  Questionnaires for principals and teachers as well as interview schedule for district quality assurance and standards officers were used to collect data. Qualitative data from interviews was analyzed thematically while quantitative data from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The major finding was that most schools in the study locale had inadequate human and physical resources, with most district schools lacking the critical human and instructional resources thereby compromising the attainment of the anticipated Kenya Vision 2030s’ education policy flagships. In addition, there was skewed distribution of teaching and learning resources in favour of national schools thereby disadvantaging the district schools. It is recommended that the Government, through the Ministry of Education, should carry out resources rationalization in different categories of schools to ensure equitable and quality provision of education as espoused in the Vision 2030 education policy in Kenya.  Vision 2030 Policy, quality education, Equity, public secondary schools, Nakuru District, Kenya.

Field of study: Education
A New Ordovician Formation in Nevada Dated by Conodonts

An Ordovician section similar to that near Eureka is well displayed north of Las Vegas Valley as far east as the Dry Lake Range. About 10 miles farther east, in the Muddy Mountains thrust plate, a section of impure carbonate rocks has been regarded as probably of Ordovician age. An assemblage of conodonts indicates an Early Ordovician date for that unit, here described as the Monocline Valley Formation. No Ordovician rocks are known east of Virgin Valley.

Field of study: Geology
Discussion of the relationship between dustfall grain size and the desert border, taking the southern border of the Tengger Desert and the southern dust deposit area as an example

In northern China, high spatial and temporal instability exists in the southern desert border. Since the region is very sensitive to the changes of global climate and the migration of the southern desert border threatens the survival of surrounding inhabitants, it is very important to strengthen the research about the migration of the southern desert border of northern China. The dust in the downwind of the desert contains relevant information of the desert evolutionary history. In order to investigate the relationship between dustfall grain size and the southern border of northern China desert, we collected 56 eolian surface soil samples from the south of the Tengger Desert, selected two near north–south transects from these samples and used the grain size class-standard deviation method. We finally obtained three sensitive grain size components (ranking by degree of sensitivity from high to low): 61.8–185.4 μm, 18.2–61.8 μm and 2.3–18.2 μm. The values of the three sensitive grain size components from the 56 eolian surface soil samples and the three commonly used grain-size indicators, which are the median grain size, > 20 μm and > 63 μm particle content, have been converted to the grain-size contour figures. In the six grain-size contour figures, the contour of the 61.8–185.4 μm particle content component has the highest degree of similarity with the southern border of the Tengger Desert, followed by the > 63 μm particle content component, and then the components of the median grain size, 18.2–61.8 μm particle content, > 20 μm and 2.3–18.2 μm particle content in turn. Relative to the > 20 μm and > 63 μm particle content indicators, the indicator of 61.8–185.4 μm particle content is not only the most sensitive one in theory, but also has the highest degree of similarity between its contour and the southern desert border in practical terms. Moreover, this indicator is further defined as the upper limit of coarse grain size. Since the coarse grains in the eolian deposits are mainly from the near-source desert, the component of 61.8–185.4 μm particle content within the loess to the south of the Tengger Desert could be regarded as the indicator of the migration of the southern desert border, which could be used to quantitatively reconstruct the desert palaeo-border in the future.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love

The authors hypothesized that both narcissism and high self-esteem are associated with positive self-views but each is associated with positivity in different domains of the self. Narcissists perceive themselves as better than average on traits reflecting an agentic orientation (e.g., intellectual skills, extraversion) but not on those reflecting a communal orientation (e.g., agreeableness, morality). In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals perceive themselves as better than average both on agentic and communal traits. Three studies confirmed the hypothesis. In Study 1, narcissists rated themselves as extraverted and open to experience but not as more agreeable or emotionally stable. High-self-esteem individuals rated themselves highly on all of these traits except openness. In Study 2, narcissists (but not high-self-esteem individuals) rated themselves as better than their romantic partners. In Study 3, narcissists rated themselves as more intelligent, but not more moral, than the average person. In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals viewed themselves as more moral and more intelligent.

Field of study: Psychology
The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study

Heterogeneity in the driving while impaired (DWI) offender population and modest outcomes from remedial programs are fueling interest in clarifying clinically significant DWI subtypes to better assess recidivism risk and target interventions. Our previous research identified 2 putative behavior phenotypes of DWI offenders with distinct behavioral, personality, cognitive, and neurobiological profiles: (i) offenders primarily engaging in DWI (pDWI); and (ii) offenders engaging in DWI and other traffic violations (MIXED). Here, we evaluate these phenotypes' clinical significance for prediction of recidivism and intervention targeting.



DWI recidivists participating in a previous randomized controlled trial (N = 184 comparing brief motivational interviewing (BMI) and an information and advice control condition (IA) were retrospectively classified as either pDWI (n = 97) or MIXED (n = 87). Secondary analyses then evaluated the effect of this phenotypic classification on self-reported 6- and 12-month alcohol misuse outcomes and documented 5-year DWI recidivism violations, and in response to either BMI or IA (i.e., pDWI-BMI, n = 46; MIXED-BMI, n = 45; pDWI-IA, n = 51; MIXED-IA, n = 42). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) MIXED classification is associated with poorer alcohol misuse outcomes and recidivism outcomes than pDWI classification; and (ii) pDWI paired with BMI is associated with better outcomes compared to MIXED paired with BMI.



MIXED classification was associated with significantly greater risk of recidivism over the 5-year follow-up compared to pDWI classification. Moreover, the pDWI-BMI pairing was associated with significantly decreased recidivism risk compared to the MIXED-BMI pairing. Analyses of 6- and 12-month alcohol use outcomes produced null findings.



The clinical significance of phenotypic classification for risk assessment and targeting intervention was partially supported with respect to recidivism risk. Prospective investigation of this and other behavioral phenotypes is indicated.

Field of study: Medicine
Outer rotation curve of the Galaxy with VERA. III. Astrometry of IRAS 07427-2400 and test of the density-wave theory

We report the trigonometric parallax of IRAS 07427-2400 with VERA to be 0.185 $\pm$ 0.027 mas, corresponding to a distance of 5.41$^{+0.92}_{-0.69}$ kpc. The result is consistent with the previous result of 5.32$^{+0.49}_{-0.42}$ kpc obtained by Choi et al. (2014) within error. To remove the effect of internal maser motions (e.g., random motions), we observed six maser features associated with IRAS 07427-2400 and determined systematic proper motions of the source by averaging proper motions of the six maser features. The obtained proper motions are ($\mu_{\alpha}$cos$\delta$, $\mu_{\delta}$) = ($-$1.79 $\pm$ 0.32, 2.60 $\pm$ 0.17) mas yr$^{-1}$ in equatorial coordinates, while Choi et al. (2014) showed ($\mu_{\alpha}$cos$\delta$, $\mu_{\delta}$) = ($-$2.43 $\pm$ 0.02, 2.49 $\pm$ 0.09) mas yr$^{-1}$ with one maser feature. Our astrometry results place the source in the Perseus arm, the nearest main arm in the Milky Way. Using our result with previous astrometry results obtained from observations of the Perseus arm, we conducted direct (quantitative) comparisons between 27 astrometry results and an analytic gas dynamics model based on the density-wave theory and obtained two results. First is the pitch angle of the Perseus arm determined by VLBI astrometry, 11.1 $\pm$ 1.4 deg, differing from what is determined by the spiral potential model (probably traced by stars), $\sim$ 20 deg. The second is an offset between a dense gas region and the bottom of the spiral potential model. The dense gas region traced by VLBI astrometry is located downstream of the spiral potential model, which was previously confirmed in the nearby grand-design spiral galaxy M51 in Egusa et al. (2011).

Field of study: Physics
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing ASP (Application Service Provider) Success

This study investigates key determinants of ASP (Application Service Provider) success from the user's perspective. Potential determinants of ASP success are inferred from the general characteristics of ASP system, the literature in Information System (IS) success and interviews with ASP experts. The potential factors are grouped into system quality and service quality. A user satisfaction construct is used to measure ASP success. The level of a user's IS knowledge and user involvement are used as moderators. A questionnaire is used to assess the satisfaction of users who have used ASP. The data collected by questionnaire were analyzed to investigate the relationships among the identified constructs and user satisfaction. Understanding key determinants of ASP success provides valuable guidance to both vendors and customers. Based on the results of this study, ASP vendors can focus on improving the factors that affect user satisfaction. Customers can benefit from this study in selection of a desirable ASP vendor who can provide as many ASP success factors as possible.

Field of study: Computer science
Effects of Grinding Passes and Direction on Material Removal Behaviours in the Rail Grinding Process

A three-dimensional finite element model of rail grinding was established to explore the effects of grinding passes and grinding direction on the material removal behaviour of grinding rails during the grinding process. The results indicate that as the number of grinding passes increases, a decrease in the grinding force reduces both the amount of removed rail material and the surface roughness. There is a decrease in the grinding ratio caused by the increase in the wear on the grinding wheel and the decreased removal of the rail material. When the grinding direction changes, the wear of the grinding wheel decreases, which is contrary to the increasing trend of the amount of removed rail material, the grinding ratio, the surface roughness and the grinding force.

Field of study: Materials science
Analysis of Energy Saving Potential and Optimization of Thermally Broken Fiberglass Window Frames

This paper elaborates on the energy saving potential and development process of fiberglass window frames, with intention for application in cold climates. A method is presented, where different means of improving thermal performance of a window frame are evaluated. Firstly, very simple geometries are considered, as a simple benchmark for various investigations. Further on, the complexity is gradually increased. Various means of diminishing the heat flow are evaluated. Results show that large improvement can be obtained, when cavities are subdivided by vertical walls or filled with insulation. U value of a window frame can be significantly reduced by these means. Performance of an actual fiberglass frame optimized in this work is significantly improved, but still not competitive against state of the art frames. This indicates that more drastic improvements need to be done in order to achieve satysfying results.

Field of study: Engineering
Multiple Classifiers Combination Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Aiming at improving the classification performance,a combination model of multiple classifier systems is presented,which takes the Sum rule and majority voting as its special cases.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)is used to select parameters for the model.An experimental investigation is performed on the UCI datasets and the encouraging results are obtained.The PSO combination model proposed in this paper is better than the other fusion methods given in the larger datasets with 91.44%,53.19%,5.76% and 2.03% reduction in error rate on 4 datasets,respectively.It is also shown that the rejection of weak classifier in the ensemble can improve classification performance further.

Field of study: Computer science
t-BUTYLPEROXY COBALT(III) SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES

Treatment of t-butyl hydroperoxide with cobalt(II) Schiff base complexes in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gave the corresponding t-butylperoxy cobalt(III) complexes, which were isolated as crystals in good yield. The peroxy complexes oxidize Ph3P to Ph3PO and the Co–O bond in the peroxy complexes undergoes heterolysis with acids but homolysis in alcohols.

Field of study: Chemistry