nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytosolic basic proteins between multiple drug-resistant stains and sensitive stains

To study cytosolic basic protein variation between multiple drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and sentisitive M. tuberculosis.  Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-CE) were employed to compare the differential expression proteins between 8 multiple drug-resistant strains and 9 sentisitive strains. The differential proteins were digested in gel by enzyme and the mass of generated peptides were measured by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The data obtained from pep-tide mass fingerprinting (PMF) were searched using the internet available database.  There were ten repeated differential spots were found and six of them were identified in gel as namely, hypothetical protein Rv2159c, hypothetical protein Rv0068, NuoB, IlvN, hypothetical protein Rv0992.  These proteins are potentially target sites for chemotherapy against M. tuberculosis and new marker in the detection of resistance of M. tuberculosis, at the same time, this study provides further insights into the mechanisms of drug-resistance.

Field of study: Biology
Radiological evaluation of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Cervical spine involvement commonly occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially those with inadequate treatment or severe disease forms. The most common site affected by RA is the atlantoaxial joint, potentially resulting in atlantoaxial instability, with cervical pain and neurological deficits. The second most common site of involvement is the subaxial cervical spine, often with subluxation, resulting in nerve root or spinal cord compression. In this paper, the authors review the most commonly used plain radiographic criteria to diagnose cervical instabilities seen with RA. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cervical CT and MRI in the setting of cervical involvement in RA.

Field of study: Medicine
A new coefficient of correlation

Is it possible to define a coefficient of correlation which is (a) as simple as the classical coefficients like Pearson's correlation or Spearman's correlation, and yet (b) consistently estimates some simple and interpretable measure of the degree of dependence between the variables, which is 0 if and only if the variables are independent and 1 if and only if one is a measurable function of the other, and (c) has a simple asymptotic theory under the hypothesis of independence, like the classical coefficients? This article answers this question in the affirmative, by producing such a coefficient. No assumptions are needed on the distributions of the variables. There are several coefficients in the literature that converge to 0 if and only if the variables are independent, but none that satisfy any of the other properties mentioned above.

Field of study: Mathematics
Research on Non-Contact Measurement Method of the Radial Circular Run-out Error of the Shaft Parts

At present, in view of a bridge shell axial parts artificially by dial indicator to measure the radial problem of low precision .This paper proposes to use a frequency domain three-point method of shaft parts’ non-contact laser measurement. It mainly includes the establishment of the design of the measurement model, the data collection, the data analysis and the data display system. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by a case. It’s a good technical support for the study of the radial circular run-out error of the shaft parts.  At present, there are many researches on the radial circular run-out error of shaft section [1, 2, 3], Radial circle run-out error: Radial circle beating tolerance zone is in the vertical axis of any reference plane, the radius of the tolerance is “t”, and the center of the circle in the baseline axis between the two concentric circles, The tolerance band is limited to plane coordinates. It has many errors, including roundness error [4, 5], error of spindle rotation [6, 7] and tilt error of the installation axis. With the rapid development of precision and ultra-precision technology, roundness error separation is also becoming more and more important in the circular run-out error. In accordance with the structure and configuration of the sensor is divided into two point’s method, three-point method [6-8] and many methods for roundness detection. For thicker axes, the main measurement methods are micrometer , dial indicator, large vernier caliper and so on. The main method of enterprise is manual measurement [9, 10]. It leads to the low measurement precision and difficult to guarantee the measurement accuracy. For the current measurement of enterprise shaft parts .The authors propose a non-contact laser measurement method based on frequency domain three-point method, which includes the establishment of measurement model, data acquisition, data analysis and the design of the data display system. Through the case verification, which was proved the feasibility of the scheme.

Field of study: Engineering
Research on the New Algorithm using Multi-Array Computation Signal Direction

With the rapid development of the social economy, the mobile communication industry has faced new development opportunity and been fully into our life. However, with the development of all communication technologies and the increasing of the mobile communication user, the traditional communication technology is strongly dependent on the frequency. However, the frequency resource has restricted the development of the communication G communication technology has solved the problem of the frequency limitation. SDMA (Space Division Multiple Address) is one of the critical technologies in the 3G communication, which can reuse the frequency by marking the same frequency of the antenna beam in the different directions. 3G communication has been into our life deeply, requiring the corollary equipment to keep up with the pace and adapt to the more rapid and intellectual development. As the signal transmitting and receiving equipment in the mobile communication system, antenna is very critical for the whole system. The developments of 3G and 4G promote the development of the intellectual antenna. The traditional antenna cannot meet the requirements of the current mobile technology. The application of the intellectual antenna is through a series of the intellectual algorithms. A good algorithm is the sign of the intellectual antenna performance. The paper deals with the signals by researching the multi-array and finds out the signal direction rapidly and accurately, verifying the new algorithm by utilizing the simulating calculation.

Field of study: Computer science
The Glycine–Glomus–Rhizobium symbiosis. IV. Interactions between the mycorrhizal and nitrogen-fixing endophytes

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Men) plants were grown under controlled conditions in an experiment designed as a 4 × 4 factorial. The factors were N or P nutrition, with different strains of Rhizobium japonicum or N-fertilization as levels of the first factor and different species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi or P fertilization as levels of the other. Organisms used were R. japonicum strains USDA 110, USDA 136, and 61A118, and the VAM fungi Glomus versiforme (Karst.) Berch, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt. sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe, and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. There were 16 treatments: nine Rhizobium + Glomus combinations, three Rhizobium + V and three Glomus+ N combinations, and one non-symbiotic set of plants supplied with N + P. The tripartite symbioses were evaluated by analysis of variance against the Rhizobium + P and Glomus + N comparison treatments for effects on root and leaf dry mass, root N and P content, nodule mass and activity, and VAM colinization. Significant to highly significant main effects and interactions were found in virtually all evaluations due to both Rhizobium strain and VAM–fungal species. We conclude that different endophyte isolates affect not only the host plant, but also the development and function of their co-endophytes. These findings establish the existence of inter-endophyte compatibility, an important consideration when selecting or engineering for desirable endophyte traits.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis and research on receipts of professional sports club

By using the theory of marketing economics,this paper makes expatiation on concept of professional sports club from the view of marketing and analysis which directly influence its receipts. The two factors are cost and expenditure.Through documentary, mathematical statistics,and comparative methods,the author also compares the income of our professional sports club with that in foreign professional sports and find sout reasons why we lag behind.According with our national situation, some suggestions are put forward for well developing of our professional sports club.

Field of study: Education
The direction of photogenerated charge carriers transfer in TiO2–Fe2O3 and TiO2–CuO

Coupled TiO2-based semiconductor systems have attracted much interest because of synergistic effect on photocatalytic activity. Here, we prepared TiO2/Fe2O3 and TiO2/CuO bilayer-type photocatalyst film and carried out the photodeposition of Ag to identify the reduction sites. We found that in TiO2/Fe2O3 (CuO) boundary, deposition occurred preferentially on the side of TiO2. This phenomenon can be explained by semiconductor physics principle, not by the classical theory of the interparticle electron transfer.

Field of study: Chemistry
Diversity-improved caching of popular transient contents in Vehicular Named Data Networking

In-network caching, natively enabled by Named Data Networking (NDN), is effective to speed up content retrieval in vehicular environments, where a large variety of contents are typically transient, i.e., they expire after a certain amount of time, and may exhibit different popularity profiles. Lifetime and popularity play a crucial role in the content caching decision: intuitively, caching a popular content with long lifetime can be more useful than caching an unpopular one that is ready to expire and then to be dropped from the content store. At the same time, making nearby nodes caching different contents and, therefore, improving the caching diversity, can be crucial to get better delivery performance over the broadcast wireless medium. In this paper, we devise a novel distributed caching strategy where vehicles autonomously decide which content is to be locally cached according to the content residual lifetime, its popularity and the perceived availability of the same content in the neighborhood. The target is to cache with higher probability more popular contents with a longer lifetime, which are not already cached by a nearby node, thus improving the caching diversity in the neighborhood. As a result, vehicles can find the majority of distinct fresh and popular contents nearby, without flooding the network with content requests that have to reach the original source. Performance evaluation shows that the conceived solution outperforms representative benchmark schemes, by guaranteeing, among others, the shortest content retrieval time and the lowest network traffic load.

Field of study: Computer science
Lattice-preferred orientations of late-Variscan granitoids derived from neutron diffraction data: implications for magma emplacement mechanisms

The lattice-preferred orientation (LPOs) of two late-Variscan granitoids, the Meissen monzonite and the Podlesí dyke granite, were determined from high-resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction patterns gained at the diffractometer SKAT in Dubna, Russia. The results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the LPO analysis of polyphase, relatively coarse-grained (0.1–6 mm) rocks. The Meissen monzonite has a prominent shape-preferred orientation (SPO) of the non-equidimensional minerals feldspar, mica and amphibole, whereas SPO of the Podlesí granite is unapparent at the hand-specimen scale. The neutron diffraction data revealed distinct LPOs in both granitoids. The LPO of the non-equidimensional minerals feldspar, mica and amphibole developed mainly during magmatic flow. In the case of the Meissen monzonite, the magmatic flow was superimposed by regional shear tectonics, which, however, had no significant effect on the LPOs. In both samples, quartz shows a weak but distinct LPO, which is atypical for plastic deformation and different in the syn-kinematic Meissen monzonite and the post-kinematic Podlesí granite. We suggest that, first of all, the quartz LPO of the Meissen monzonite is the result of oriented growth in an anisotropic stress field. The quartz LPO of the Podlesí granite, which more or less resembles a deformational LPO in the flattening field of the local strain field, developed during magmatic flow, whereby the rhombohedral faces of the quartz crystals adhered to the (010) faces of aligned albite and to the (001) faces of zinnwaldite. Due to shape anisotropy of their attachments, the quartz crystals were passively aligned by magmatic flow. Thus, magmatic flow and oriented crystal growth are the major LPO-forming processes in both granitoids. For the Meissen monzonite, the solid-state flow was too weak to cause significant crystallographic re-orientation of the minerals aligned by magmatic flow. Finally, the significance of our results for the evaluation of the regional tectonic environment during magma emplacement is discussed. The discussion on the regional implications of the more methodologically oriented results provides the basis for future, more regionally aimed studies in view of the fabric characteristics of such plutons and their developing mechanisms.

Field of study: Environmental science
Excess of Rare Missense Variants in Hearing Loss Genes in Sporadic Meniere Disease

Meniere's disease (MD) is a clinical spectrum of rare disorders characterized by vertigo attacks, associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and tinnitus involving low to medium frequencies. Although it shows familial aggregation with incomplete phenotypic forms and variable expressivity, most cases are considered sporadic. The aim of this study was to investigate the burden for rare variation in SNHL genes in patients with sporadic MD. We conducted a targeted-sequencing study including SNHL and familial MD genes in 890 MD patients to compare the frequency of rare variants in cases using three independent public datasets as controls. Patients with sporadic MD showed a significant enrichment of missense variants in SNHL genes that was not found in the controls. The list of genes includes GJB2, USH1G, SLC26A4, ESRRB, and CLDN14. A rare synonymous variant with unknown significance was found in the MARVELD2 gene in several unrelated patients with MD. There is a burden of rare variation in certain SNHL genes in sporadic MD. Furthermore, the interaction of common and rare variants in SNHL genes may have an additive effect on MD phenotype. This study will contribute to design a gene panel for the genetic diagnosis of MD.

Field of study: Biology
The development of intraepithelial and Peyer's patch lymphocyte sub-types in the small intestine of newborn rats.

Small intestinal intraepithelial (IEL) and Peyer's patch (PPL) lymphocytes of newborn rats have been studied in histological sections and in isolated cell suspensions. Initially IEL numbers were low compared with older animals, and fewer cells were labelled by the monoclonal antibody markers used. At birth, 41% of IEL expressed receptors for MRC OX8 (T suppressor marker) yet lacked receptors for W3/13 (pan-T marker) which was present on only 1% of these cells. IEL with receptors for W3/25 (T helper marker) were not seen until 2 weeks of age. Granulated cells (GIEL) accounted for only 19% of IEL at birth. The numbers and relative proportions of these lymphocyte sub-types were still not mature at the time of weaning. In the first week of life there was a short lived upsurge in numbers of GIEL and MRC OX8+ IEL. The relative distribution of PPL sub-types was mature 4 weeks after birth, but the morphology of this tissue did not appear to be well differentiated until 1 week later.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Roles played by unitary impurities in non-STM-types of tunneling in high-T_c superconductors

Based on an extended Hubbard model, we present calculations of both the local (i.e., single-site) and spatially-averaged differential tunneling conductance in d-wave superconductors containing nonmagnetic impurities in the unitary limit. Our results show that a random distribution of unitary impurities of any concentration can at most give rise to a finite zero-bias conductance (with no peak there) in spatially-averaged non-STM type of tunneling, in spite of the fact that local tunneling in the immediate vicinity of an isolated impurity does show a conductance peak at zero bias, whereas to give rise to even a small zero-bias conductance peak in the former type of tunneling the impurities must form dimers, trimers, etc. along the [110] directions. In addition, we find that the most-recently-observed novel pattern of the tunneling conductance around a single impurity by Pan et al. [cond-mat/9909365] can be explained in terms of a realistic model of the tunneling configuration which gives rise to the experimental results reported there. The key feature in this model is the blocking effect of the BiO and SrO layers which exist between the tunneling tip and the CuO_2 layer being probed.

Field of study: Physics
The Application of an Improved Adaptive Morphological Filter in Power Signal Denoising

Signals are interfered by complex and changeable noises in power signal acquisition. It is difficult for traditional generalized adaptive morphological filters to deal with this situation. On this basis, the author proposes an improved filtering method and constructs a new adaptive morphological filter with multi-structural elements through a new adaptive algorithm of variable step sizes. Using structural element of a variety of shapes and dimensions, the improved morphological filter with multi-structural elements is particularly suitable for the processing of power signals with complex noises. Combinations of structural elements with better filtering effect should be adopted in design as far as possible. Compared with traditional morphological filters, it is more widely used and more flexible. It is verified through simulations that the improved morphological filter is able to eliminate complex noises in power signals more effectively and guarantees the stability of output results with strong adaptability after the change of noise environment.

Field of study: Engineering
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: an anatomic evaluation and sexual function questionnaire pilot study.

To further characterize the anatomy and sexual function of women with CAIS compared to normal females, and assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish anatomical differences.



In a prospective cohort pilot study, five individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome and six, normal, nulliparous women underwent an interview, physical examination, questionnaire completion and MRI of the pelvis. Statistical analysis was performed with emphasis on determining significant differences in anatomical findings and sexual satisfaction.



MRI demonstrated statistically significant differences in vaginal depth and size that were not confirmed on physical exam. MRI and physical exam demonstrated a non-significant difference in average phallic thickness between the two groups, although the CAIS group clitoral width tended to be smaller. Physical exam demonstrated a higher average erect height and longer arm span in the CAIS patients but this was not statistically significant. No significant differences were noted in categories designed to assess satisfaction with ability to achieve orgasm, vaginal appearance and frequency of sexual intercourse between the two groups.



The women with CAIS were as satisfied with sexual function as were the women within the control group. Physical exam and MRI did not find any statistically significant clinically relevant differences between the two groups.

Field of study: Medicine
Responsive design for household surveys: tools for actively controlling survey errors and costs

Over the past few years surveys have expanded to new populations, have incorporated measurement of new and more complex substantive issues and have adopted new data collection tools. At the same time there has been a growing reluctance among many household populations to participate in surveys. These factors have combined to present survey designers and survey researchers with increased uncertainty about the performance of any given survey design at any particular point in time. This uncertainty has, in turn, challenged the survey practitioner’s ability to control the cost of data collection and quality of resulting statistics. The development of computer-assisted methods for data collection has provided survey researchers with tools to capture a variety of process data (‘paradata’) that can be used to inform cost–quality trade-off decisions in realtime. The ability to monitor continually the streams of process data and survey data creates the opportunity to alter the design during the course of data collection to improve survey cost efficiency and to achieve more precise, less biased estimates. We label such surveys as ‘responsive designs’. The paper defines responsive design and uses examples to illustrate the responsive use of paradata to guide mid-survey decisions affecting the non-response, measurement and sampling variance properties of resulting statistics.

Field of study: Mathematics
Short-term psychiatric sequelae to therapeutic termination of pregnancy.

A prospective study is described of the shortterm psychiatric sequelae to therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Of 44 women interviewed six months after operation, the outcome was favourable for 30 patients (68 per cent) and unfavourable for 14 patients (32 per cent). The psychiatric status of 39 patients (89 per cent) was improved or unchanged and only seven (16 per cent) regretted the termination. It is argued that in the majority of cases with an adverse outcome this was related to the patient's environment since operation rather than the termination. Factors which put patients at risk for an unfavourable outcome include multi-parity, desertion by partner, being foreign-born, falling within the age group 21-30, a past history of psychiatric illness, the existence of psychiatric illness at the time of termination, and moderate or strong ambivalence to termination.

In determining the outcome of termination, emphasis is placed on the importance of the attitudes of those associated with the patient. An arbitrary scale is devised for predicting the `at-risk patient', and ways of avoiding or reducing adverse sequelae are discussed.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology