nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Optimizing Control Technology of Supplementing Water of Water System in Yangzhou City——Taking Erdao River as an Example

In order to ensure landscape and control black-odors of the water body in the city and control algae breeding,selected DO as the control index,supplementing water yield was calculated according to exogenous pollutions and sediment pollution release endogenous pollutions such as the overflow sewage and rainwater.First comparatively typical inland(Erdao River) in Yangzhou were investigated.Dobbins-Camp BOD-DO water quality model was used and BOD was instead by COD to calculate supplementing water yield for class V of river water quality(DO≥ 2 mg/L,CODMn≤15 mg/L).The results show that Dobbins-Camp water quality model can provide scientific decision making tool to regulation project of inland waterway in yangzhou city.

Field of study: Environmental science
Community based ecotourism in income generation: a study on the sundarbans adjacent area of Bangladesh

The rich natural and cultural attractions are valuable ingredients for community based ecotourism development in Bangladesh. Every year, a large number of tourists visit in the Sundarbans, which has a significant contribution in the household income to the people who are mostly involved in this sector. The result of the empirical model of Durbin-Watson test revealed the model significant at 1% and 5% level. The income counted here is considered as dependent variable and the age, education, experience, number of tourist served; poor infrastructure; poor communication and transportation; poor knowledge about CBET; lack of government policy etc. as independent variable, the eco cottage quality, natural beauty and security are the dummy variable. The result shows that, the age, number of tourist served and absence of leadership and entrepreneurship ability are significant at 1% and 5% level; experience and the eco cottage quality also found significant for income. However, community based ecotourism industry in Bangladesh is facing many problems, such as lack of transportation and communication system, poor investment, political unrest situation of the country , lack of government policy, poor marketing policy to attract the tourists, poor knowledge about CBET, lack of well-planned accommodation, food, entertainment and other services to satisfy diverse categories of tourists. The issue of safety and security of the tourists of both domestic and foreign origins is also very important for the development of ecotourism in Sundarbans area. Though a policy has been adopted in the recent time for ensuring sustainable development of this sector, the strategies adopted under the policy are not yet being seriously taken up for implementation. Besides, the country requires a strong physical planning strategy to develop its urban and rural areas, and national transportation and communication system to establish connectivity to the tourism spots. There should be a strong marketing policy, business planning as well for the promotion of tourism in the country.

Field of study: Business
Effects of white oil adjuvant on IMP, IMP metabolites, and serum antioxidation in broilers

Effects of white oil adjuvant on the contents of IMP, IMP metabolites, and the serum antioxidation in Yellow broilers were determined. A total of 200 one-day-old Yellow broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Each group had five replicates with ten broilers per replicate. According to the immune procedure, at 7th, 10 th, 14 th, 21 th and 30 th day, Yellow broilers in group Ⅰ(control) were injected with the physiological saline only and those in groups Ⅱ, III, and IV were vaccinated with the live vaccine followed by the physiological saline, the oil emulsion vaccine, and the white oil, respectively. Twenty broilers from each group were randomly selected for sample collection at day 42. IMP, correlative metabolites of IMP in the breast muscle, and the serum antioxidation were measured. The results showed that vaccination with the white oil significantly reduced the contents of INO compared to the control group(P0.05), but the contents of IMP, AMP, ADP, and IMPc were not significant different between each group(P0.05).The levels of SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA of broilers injected with the white oil were not significantly different from other groups(P0.05), but the level of MDA increased to a certain degree in broilers that were injected with the white oil.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Nastic curvatures of wheat coleoptiles that develop in true microgravity.

Dark-grown wheat coleoptiles developed strong curvatures within 5 h of being transferred in orbit from a 1 g centrifuge to microgravity during an experiment flown on the IML-1 shuttle mission. The curving tendency was strongest in seedlings that were immature, with coleoptiles shorter than 10 mm at the time of transfer. The curvature direction was non-random, and directed away from the caryopsis (the coleptile face adjacent to the caryopsis becoming convex). The curvatures were most marked in the basal third of the coleoptiles, contrasting with phototropic responses, which occur in the apical third. We interpret these curvatures as being nastic, and related to the curvatures commonly reported to occur during clinostat rotation treatments.

Field of study: Environmental science
Role of photon recycling in perovskite solar cells

Nearly perfect photon recycling helped GaAs cells achieve the highest efficiency ever reported for a solar cell. Recent reports of photon recycling in perovskite solar cells suggest that, once optimized, it may as well achieve GaAs-like performance. In this paper, we show that GaAs and perovskite cells recycle photons in different ways. First, although bare-perovskite has been shown to have lifetimes (~1us) in the radiative limit, non-radiative recombination at the transport layers restricts the solar cell operation far below the "photon-recycling" regime. GaAs cells have no such limitation. Second, even if the transport layers were optically and electrically perfect, the poor mobility of the perovskite layer would still restrict the optimum thickness ~1um. Thus, a very high quality mirror (reflectivity >96%) is required to utilize photon-recycling. The mirror reflectivity restriction was far more relaxed for the thicker (~2-3um) GaAs cells. Therefore, a nontrivial co-optimization of device geometry, mirror reflectivity, and material choice is necessary for achieving highest theoretical efficiency anticipated for perovskite cells.

Field of study: Physics
Factors That Govern the Performance of Thermal Interface Materials

Finite element modeling is conducted to understand the factors that govern the performance of thermal interface pastes of controlled thickness between copper surfaces of controlled roughness. Carbon black paste is lower in thickness than metal particle paste, so it shows better performance. The performance of both pastes is more influenced by the paste-copper interfacial conductance than by the paste thermal conductivity. The effects of pressure, paste thickness, and copper surface roughness on performance are mainly due to the change in fractional filling of the valleys in the copper surface topography. Reasonable agreement is found between modeling and experimental results.

Field of study: Materials science
On the Question of Statistical Confidentiality

In Section 1 the nature of statistical confidentiality is explored, i.e., its essential role in the collection of data by statistical offices, its relationship to privacy and the need for increased attention to potential statistical disclosures because of the increased tabulation and dissemination capabilities of statistical offices. In Section 2 a definition of inadvertent direct disclosure is provided as well as a theorem concerning a test for residual disclosure of tabulations. In Section 3 different media and methods of data dissemination are considered from the point of view of potential for statistical disclosure.

Field of study: Mathematics
DAMPING VIBRATION AND INTERLAMINAR STRESSES STUDY USING MIXED LAYERWISE THEORIES FOR VISCOELASTIC LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

By use of the mixed layerwise theories and the interpolation functions of displacements and transverse stress, the dynamic equations of viscoelastic laminated cylindrical shells were derived. The predicted vibration frequency and loss factor show the good agreement with the Okazaki A’ experimental results for the two-layer cylindrical shells. The amplitudes of interlaminar transverse stresses were computed for different Young’s modulus and thickness of viscoelastic layer. The results show that very high interlaminar transverse normal stresses are the main factor resulting in delamination for the free-damped laminated shells and that using a circular-reinforced viscoelastic layer will effectively decrease the amplitude of transverse normal stress.

Field of study: Engineering
Prospects for Studying Hyperons and Hypernuclei on the NICA Collider

NICA is a new flagship project in Dubna aimed at constructing a new accelerator complex for heavy ions. The main goal of the project is experimental exploration of the still poorly known region of the nuclear matter phase diagram of the highest net-baryon density. The MPD detector is a multi-purpose large acceptance spectrometer for studying heavy-ion collisions. An overview is presented of the NICA physics program for studying strangeness production and present MPD performance for reconstructing hyperons and hypernuclei.

Field of study: Physics
Influence of Shear Force on Microstructure Evolution and Plasticity of Semi-solid Sn-52Bi Alloy

Hypoeutectic Sn-52 Bi alloy was obtained by semi-solid mechanical stirring casting technology. The influences of shear force and stirring time on the microstructure and plasticity of semi-solid alloy under different solid phase ratio were investigated. The results indicate that the semi-solid Sn-Bi alloy with uniformly distribute and nearly round primary β-Sn phase was obtained. The diameters of round primary β-Sn phase is about 10 μm. The elongation of semi-solid Sn-Bi alloy prepared under agitating rate with 320 r/min, the temperature of 146 ℃ and the stirring time of 6 min is 31.3%, which is improved by 74.8% compared to that of Sn-Bi alloy prepared from the molten alloy at 180 ℃ and solidified in water. With stirring time and solid phase ratio of semi-solid alloy slurry increase, the formed round primary β-Sn phase gathers easily under shear force. Rosette-like and oval primary β-Sn phase develops after the slurry solidified in water, and then the elongation of semi-solid Sn-Bi alloy decreases.

Field of study: Materials science
Superoxide Generated by Lysophosphatidylcholine Induces Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Downregulation in Human Endothelial Cells

We examined the mechanism through which lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) downregulation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPC (50-150 µM) for 0.5-2 h or the reactive oxygen species (ROS) donors, xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO), 1,4-hydroquinone (HQ) or tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) for 2 h. Protein levels of eNOS, superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), catalase, and phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK 1/2) were assessed using immunoblotting. LPC treatment reduced SOD1 levels but increased catalase levels. The superoxide donors X/XO and HQ showed similar effects. The hydroperoxide donor TBHP increased SOD1 levels but did not change catalase levels. LPC concentration- and time-dependently decreased eNOS levels, but this effect was blocked by antioxidants and SOD and potentiated by the SOD1 inhibitor, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. LPC and X/XO inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas TBHP stimulated phosphorylation. Taken together, these data indicate that LPC induces superoxide overload in HUVECs via SOD1 inhibition and downregulates phospho-ERK1/2 and eNOS levels.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Establishment of human monoclonal antibody recognizing a new tumor-associated antigen from a patient with small cell lung carcinoma.

Mouse-human heterohybridoma (3H12) producing human antibody was established by fusing P3/X63-Ag-U1 (P3U1) myeloma cells with lymphocytes from a patient of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). This monoclonal antibody reacts to lung cancer cells, especially SCLC, but not to adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma cells. It does not show any reactivities to other tumors or normal cells so far examined. An immunoprecipitation experiment with this antibody revealed that the antigen on SCLC was a single chain moiety of 150 kilodaltons (Kd). Judging from the cell type reactivity and molecular size of the antigen, this monoclonal antibody appears to detect a new tumor-associated antigen on human SCLC.

Field of study: Biology
The autoshaping procedure as a residual block clock.

In the first experiment, 4 pigeons were each presented with a recurring sequence of four key colors followed by the delivery of grain (block clock). Once the rate of pecking had stabilized, three of the colors were replaced, during different series of sessions, by a darkening of the key. The rate of pecking was reduced within those segments of the interval between deliveries of food during which the key was dark; when the key was dark during the final portion of the interval, rates were reduced throughout the entire interval. In the second experiment, 3 new pigeons were exposed to a different sequence of colors, and the final stimulus was replaced in successive conditions by a novel color, a darkened key, and a restoration of the original color. The data indicated that darkening the key had a more severe, more extensive, and more persistent effect than did a mere change in color. These results suggest that it may be fruitful to conceptualize the autoshaping procedure as a special version of the block clock in which pecking is suppressed throughout the greater part of the interval by darkening the key. In the final condition, the same stimulus appeared in each of the last three portions of the interval. The rate of pecking was lower during the last two portions than when distinctive colors were presented, with the peak rate now appearing in the fifth of seven equal temporal components.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Comparing health policy agendas across eleven high income countries: islands of difference in a sea of similarity.

Does the way in which health systems are financed influence whether health policymakers are more or less interested in accessible and equitable health services? Are social democratic governments more interested in primary health care reform than conservative governments? Have particular domains of health policy really become more important over the past decade across a range of countries? In this exploratory article, we investigate the similarities and differences in patterns of attention in health policy in eleven high income countries using data from the Health Policy Monitor database from 2003 to 2010. Our study suggests significant 'islands of difference' in an overall 'sea of similarity' between the health policy agendas of the selected countries. The key findings are: (i) that improving population health outcomes is more likely to be on the agenda under tax-based systems and when centre-left parties are dominant in government; (ii) health systems funded through social insurance are more preoccupied with efficiency and cost-containment than tax-funded systems; (iii) the political complexion of governments is not a major factor shaping health policy agendas; and (iv) since 2003 there has been an increasing interest in initiatives that address public health concerns, access and equity, and population health outcomes.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Buchans Group, central Newfoundland, and their significance for regional stratigraphy of the Central Volcanic Belt: Discussion

Nowlan and Thurlow have recently reported a conodont fauna of latest Arenig early Llanvirn age from the Buchans Group, central Newfoundland, and have suggested that this demonstrates that all volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and, hence, associated volcanism in the Canadian Appalachians are of Caradocian or older Ordovician age. They go on to state that this requires substantial revisions of tectonic models for the northern Appalachians. We welcome this important contribution to the knowledge regarding the age of Roberts Arm Volcanic Belt (which includes the Buchans Group; Dean 1977) but find their suggestion that current tectonic models for central Newfoundland are inadequate or erroneous to be somewhat misleading. Perhaps this is the case if the "tectonic" models they are referring to are those, for instance, of Dean (1977, 1978), Strong (1977), or Dean and Kean (1980). However, their results strongly support the tectonic models set out by Kidd et al. (1977),

Field of study: Environmental science
Design Study of Large-Scale HTS Linear Generators for Wave Energy Conversion

We propose a direct-drive MW class high-temperature superconducting linear generator (HTS-LG) system for wave energy conversion. The HTS-LG consists of stationary HTS field part and iron-cored copper windings as translator. Moreover, we develop an electrical design method with leakage coefficient and HTS heat loss obtained by 3-D simulation for HTS-LGs. Determination of main machine parameters is studied. Design results of a 2-MW HTS-LG are finally presented, which are compared with those of a permanent magnet (PM) linear generator. We found that the HTS-LG has lighter weight, smaller volume, and higher efficiency than the PM counterpart does.

Field of study: Physics
Neogenin-1 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Motility, and Adhesion by Up-Regulation of Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 Via Activating the Rac1/PI3K/AKT Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells

Neogenin-1 (Neo1) has been reported to be involved in diverse physiology and pathology functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of neogenin-1 (Neo1) in gastric cancer (GC), together with underlying mechanisms.  Neo1 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in both human GC cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell line. Neo1 was respectively overexpressed or silenced by transfection with pcDNA3.1 or siRNA, and then the cells were incubated with or without different concentrations of cisplatin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and/or inhibitors of Rac-1 and PI3K. Thereafter, cell viability, invasion, and adhesion were measured by CCK-8, wound healing and adhesion assays, respectively. The expression levels of key factors involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the PI3K/AKT pathway were analyzed by Western blot analysis.  The results showed that the Neo1 level was significantly increased in GC cell lines, with the highest level in SGC-7901 cells. Overexpression of Neo1 significantly reduced the GC cell sensitivity to cisplatin and increased the cell viability, motility and adhesion ability, and while silencing of Neo1 showed contrary results. Moreover, overexpression of Neo1 dramatically downregulated the E-Cadherin level and upregulated the levels of N-Cadherin and Vimentin. In addition, the data revealed that Neo1 positively regulated the expression of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) by activating the Rac1/PI3K/AKT pathway.  Neo1 could promote cell proliferation, motility, and adhesion by up-regulation of ZEB1 via activating the Rac1/PI3K/AKT pathway in GC cells.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Approximate mean squared errors of estimations of reliability in the two-parameter exponential case

Combining the method used i n Chao (1981) and conditional procedure, we extend our previous results for one-parameter exponential to two-parameter case, i .e. we provide simple approximation formulas for the mean squared errors of the maximum likelihood and minimum variance unbiased estimators of reliability of general k-out-of-m systems when the component lifetimes are independent and follow a two-parameter exponential distribution.

Field of study: Mathematics
Phototransformation of Alphacypermethrin as Thin Film on Glass and Soil Surface

Photodegradation of alphacypermethrin ((RS)-α cyano-3-phenoxy benzyl (1RS) cis-3-(2,2,dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate) was studied as a thin film on glass surface and on black and red soil surfaces. A number of photoproducts from glass surfaces have been isolated, characterized and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). However, only two of them viz. 3-phenoxy benzyl alcohol and [2,2-dichlorovinyl-3(2,2,dimethyl) cyclopropane carboxylate] could be identified from both the soil. Rate of photodegradation on glass and soil surface under UV and sunlight followed first order kinetics with significant correlation coefficients. The rate of photodegradation was greater on black than on red soil. A part of Ph.D. thesis of the first author in the Department of Chemistry submitted to the Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., India.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Guard cells in albino leaf patches do not respond to photosynthetically active radiation, but are sensitive to blue light, CO2 and abscisic acid.

Stomatal openings can be stimulated by light through two signalling pathways. The first pathway is blue light specific and involves phototropins, while the second pathway mediates a response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). This second pathway was studied with the use of albino Vicia faba plants and variegated leaves of Chlorophytum comosum. Treatment of V. faba with norflurazon (Nf) inhibits the synthesis of carotenoids and leads to albino leaves with guard cells that lack functional green chloroplasts. Guard cells in albino leaf patches of C. comosum, however, do contain photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Stomata in albino leaf patches of both plants did not respond to red light, although blue light could still induce stomatal opening. This shows that the response to PAR is not functioning in albino leaf patches, even though guard cells of C. comosum harbour chloroplasts. Stomata of Nf-treated plants still responded to CO2 and abscisic acid (ABA). The size of Nf-treated guard cells was increased, but impalement studies with double-barrelled microelectrodes revealed no changes in ion-transport properties at the plasma membrane of guard cells. Blue light could hyperpolarize albino guard cells by triggering outward currents with peak values of 37 pA in albino plants and 51 pA in green control cells. Because of the inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, Nf-treated V. faba plants contained only 4% of the ABA content found in green control plants. The ABA dose dependence of anion channel activation in guard cells was shifted in these plants, causing a reduced response to 10 microM ABA. These data show that despite the dramatic changes in physiology caused by Nf, the gross responsiveness of guard cells to blue light, CO2 and ABA remains unaltered. Stomata in albino leaf patches, however, do not respond to PAR, but require photosynthetically active mesophyll cells for this response.

Field of study: Environmental science
Study on Process Parameters and Properties of Q345 Steel in Using Submerged Arc Welding

The main ingredients and mechanical properties of Q345 steel were introduced.By taking the large I-shaped steel for example,the process problems of Q345 steel in using submerged arc welding were discussed.The Results show that using reasonable technical parameters and welding sequence can effectively prevent the welding parts from deforming and cracking.By mechanical properties test and microstructure analysis,it can be known that the hardness and strength of the weld joints are higher than the base while the plasticity and toughness are lower.

Field of study: Materials science