nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rembrandt: The Painter Thinking. Ernst van de Wetering. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. xi + 336 pp. €89.

small-scale, particularizing aesthetic, so very distinct from the undifferentiated masses surging forth in Albrecht Altdorfer’s monumental treatment of the same subject. Jan’s relationship to his father—whom he never knew—preoccupied him. Much as the father had emulated his predecessor Hieronymus Bosch but in his own recognizable vocabulary, the son reworked his father’s legacy into his own idiom, condensing the older artist’s copious designs into his miniscule compositions. Honig proposes that this practice engenders a fragmented means of viewing the vistas, where the audience looks detail by detail rather than immediately envisioning the entirety. Significantly, those two modes of thought could be productively conjoined as, for example, when Jan and Rubens collaborated on the Mauritshuis’s Paradise with the Fall of Man, where Jan’s piecemeal perspective engaged in a fruitful dialogue with Rubens’s more synthetic approach. Honig’s text is a thoughtful, wide-ranging, and articulate presentation of a relatively unfamiliar aesthetic, that of miniaturization. I am convinced that Jan Brueghel the Elder was both a talented and successful practitioner of that technique. But I am not convinced that a fragmented means of viewing these copper plates is engendered by their miniscule size. How else can one look at Bruegel the Elder’s Hunters in the Snow, his Haymaking, and especially his largest panel, The Procession to Calvary? Generations of viewers have stood in front of these panels savoring the details: the chimney on fire, the game of shoot-the-popinjay, or the young boy wading barefoot across a stream on the way to Calvary on a chilly March afternoon. Conceivably one of Jan’s unheralded accomplishments was to apply that fragmented approach his father had practiced onto his own diminutive designs.

Field of study: History
Influence of unsteady aerodynamics on rotor blade aeroelastic stability and response

The paper describes the incorporation of finite-state, time-domain aerodynamics in a flap-lag-torsional aeroelastic stability and response analysis in forward flight. Improvements to a previous formulation which eliminate spurious singularities are introduced. The methodology for solving the aeroelastic stability and response problems with augmented states, in the time domain, is presented using an implicit formulation. Results illustrating the aeroelastic behaviour of soft and stiff in-plane hingeless rotor blades in forward flight are presented to show the sensitivity of both the stability and response problems to time-domain unsteady aerodynamics.

Field of study: Physics
kHz pulse-pumped Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier

In order to get ultra-short intensity laser pulses, it is necessary to amplify the laser pulses from nJ level to mJ level. The regen amplifier is the best way to get high-energy laser pulse. It can amplify the seed from nJ level to mJ level quickly. And the output laser has a good spatial mode. A Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier was designed in this paper.Otherwise, in order to make the output laser stable, a 1 kHz 527 nm green laser was used as the pump laser in the experiment. Using such a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier, a 12 nJ seed which was generated from a self mode-locking Ti:sapphire oscillator was amplified to energy of 2.3 mJ in a pulse at 1 kHz. The spectrum of the amplifier was also measured. When the 40 nm seed was injected into the cavity, a laser output of about 30 nm was obtained.

Field of study: Physics
Delayed onset of maternal affection after childbirth.

Information about perceptions of labour and delivery and about immediate emotional reactions to their newborn babies was obtained from two groups of primiparous women (n = 112 and n = 41) and from 40 multiparae. About 40 per cent of primiparae and 25 per cent of multiparae recalled that their predominant emotional reaction when holding their babies for the very first time had been one of indifference. Maternal affection was more likely to be lacking after delivery if the mother had had a forewater amniotomy and had, in addition, either experienced a painful and unpleasant labour or been given more than 125 mg of pethidine. Most mothers developed affection for their babies within a week of delivery and, in all groups of subjects, no longer term adverse effects were seen, such as post-natal depression or aggressive impulses directed at the baby. Three months post-natally it was, however, found that a mother was more likely to express feelings of dislike or indifference towards her baby if she was clinically depressed at the time.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Hyperfine mixing and the semileptonic decays of double-heavy baryons in a quark model

The semileptonic decays of the lowest-lying double-heavy baryons are treated in a quark model. For the Ξbb, hyperfine mixing in the spin wave function leaves the total rate for decay into the lowest lying daughter baryons essentially unchanged, but changes the relative rates into the Ξbc and . The same pattern is obtained in the decays of the Ωbb. For the Ξbc, this mixing leads to factor of about 17 suppression in the decay rate to the when wave functions truncated to the largest components are used, but the total semileptonic decay rate of the parent baryon remains essentially unchanged. For the Ωbc, the decay to the is suppressed by a factor of more than 25 from the unmixed case. When the full wave functions are used, the large suppression of the decays to the and persists.

Field of study: Physics
Generating vivid colors on red-green-blue-white electonic-paper display.

Color characteristics of an RGBW (red, green, blue, white) electrophoretic display (EPD) prototype developed by Samsung Electronics are analyzed. EPD shows strong crosstalk between subpixels because of both the fringe field between subpixels and the scattering phenomena at the display surface. An RGB-to-RGBW color-decomposition algorithm optimized to EPD characteristics is developed that compensates for color deterioration due to the fringe field and scattering phenomena. For the four-color-decomposition algorithm, white is added to the primary colors to enhance the reflectance of the vivid colors while minimizing chroma loss. The psychophysical experimental result shows that images rendered with the algorithms developed in this study are preferred more than 90% of the time over those rendered with algorithms from previous studies. This research proves that, in spite of the limited physical property of EPD, the color quality can be improved dramatically through the use of well-designed color-rendering algorithms.

Field of study: Physics
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Investigation of back reflections in a ring laser

An experimental investigation was made of the influence of back reflections (scattering), due to the presence of inhomogeneities in the optical elements of the resonator, on the difference frequency of a helium-neon ring laser (λ=0.63 μ). The parameters describing back reflections in the resonator were deduced from the modulation (at the difference frequency) of the intensities of the opposite waves in the laser. The changes in these parameters, which occurred when the tuning of the resonator was altered, were compared with the corresponding changes in the difference frequency. The experimental results were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions of the influence of back reflections on the difference frequency in a ring laser.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Enhancement of oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug silybin by sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles

To evaluate a mixed micellar drug delivery system composed of sodium cholate and phospholipid for oral administration of silybin, a promising hepatoprotectants.The optimum formulation of sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles containing silybin was obtained based on the study of pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The dissolution of silybin-mixed micelles was investigated. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability after oral administration of silybin-mixed micelles and silybin-N-methylglucamine were compared in dogs.The mean particle size of prepared mixed micelles was 75.9±4.2 nm. The largest solubility of silybin was found to be 10.0±1.1 mg/mL in the optimum formulation of mixed micelles. The silybin-sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles showed a very slow release of silybin 17.5% (w/w) within 72 h in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 15.6% (w/w) in HCl solution (pH 1.2). After oral administration to dogs, the relative bioavailability of mixed micelles versus silybin-N-methylglucamine in dogs was 252.0%.Conclusion:Sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles are promising carriers in orally delivery of silybin, considering their capability of enhancing bioavailability and large-scale production.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
New formulation for one-dimensional premixed flames

A new formalism that brings out the wave character of flame propagation of one-dimensional flames has been explicitly presented for simple as well as complex kinetics and realistic diffusion. While the combustion literature has accepted the idea of a combustion wave, this is the first time that the equations expressing this feature mathematically have been presented. The governing equations are shown to have a strong conservation form suitable for numerical computation. They are solved for a single-step reaction using the two-step MacCormack explicit scheme and are shown to be very fast compared to the unsteady computational technique. Compared to the unsteady technique, application of the same numerical scheme to complex kinetics seems to be numerically less efficient.

Field of study: Physics
Attentional Cuing In Spelling Tasks For Hyperactive And Comparison Regular Classroom Children

Hyperactive children were predicted to attend more readily to tasks where color was added than were normal comparison children. If color were added to relevant cues in a spelling task, this attentional selectivity could produce improved performance. Alternatively, there was evidence to suggest that adding an additional dimension (color) to the early trials of a difficult task could produce performance disruption. To determine whether added relevant stimulation or the timing of relevant stimulation was important, 20 hyperactive and 26 comparison boys were pre-assessed on spelling level and then randomly assigned to condition-order (color added to relevant letters for the first two trials of the task and all black letters for the second two trials, or the reverse order). Findings were that hyperactive children who practiced the task with all black letters first, and color added later, out-performed comparison children.

Field of study: Education
Hydrogen - Anti-hydrogen Oscillations and Spontaneously Broken Global $B-L$ Symmetry

Within the framework of an SU(2)/sub L/xU(1)xSU(3)/sub c/ gauge model with suitably extended Higgs sector, the possibility of oscillations between neutral matter and antimatter, such as neutron-antineutron and hydrogen-antihydrogen systems, is discussed. This model incorporates the spontaneous breakdown of global B--L symmetry associated with a Majoron, and as a result, a relation between n-n-bar mixing, H-H mixing, and the mass of the electron neutrino is obtained. With present limits on tau/sub n/-n-bar, tau/sub HhyphenH/> or approx. =10/sup 13/ yr is predicted.

Field of study: Physics
Visões da liberdade : uma historia das ultimas decadas da escravidão na corte

O objetivo da tese e contar uma historia do processo de abolicao da escravidao na Corte. A narrativa se tece a partir da ideia de que e possivel entender aspectos deste processo atraves da recuperacao de diferentes interpretacoes ou visoes de cativeiro e de liberdade existentes no periodo, assim como das lutas das personagens historicas produtoras destas diferentes interpretacoes ou visoes ?Observacao: O resumo, na integra podera ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital

Field of study: History
Model Visualization of Atomic Quantum Numbers Three Dimensional on Physics Lesson in Class XII Science High School (SMAN 10) Padang West Sumatra Indonesia

Physics as a science is a major corner stone in the development of technology that physical theories require a high degree of precision. Knowledge of physics consists of many of the concepts and principles that are generally abstract. Physics is a subject that requires a relatively high intellect so most students have difficulty studying. Many difficulties faced by most students is the interpretation of various concepts and principles of physics because students are required to be able to interpret the knowledge of physics and its application in daily life properly and not vague or ambiguous. This situation is exacerbated by the use of learning methods that are less precise physics.This research aims to the problems of physics concepts and principles of quantum numbers of atomic models that abstract becomes real and can be perceived by students as a learning experience guiding students visualize models with atomic quantum numbers in three dimensions in the learning process .The results of the study are students better understand the concepts and principles of three dimensional model of the atom, and can put electron configuration in the electron orbit in accordance with the rules of quantum numbers, Pauli principle prohibition, Hund and Aufbau. From the questionnaire given to the students and observation and test show a good understanding of the concept occurred with an average value of 92.45 and a good learning activity occurs in the students.  Model of the Atom, Visualization, Three Dimensions.

Field of study: Education
Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Obese Adipose Tissue Suggests u001kfc.1 as a Potential Regulator to Glucose Homeostasis

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs) are newly highlighted key factors controlling brown adipogenesis and development, but their regulatory effect to white adipocyte is still merely understood. Deciphering their underlying mechanism could be a novel way to discovering potential targets of obesity. Therefore, we conducted a whole transcriptome analysis in white adipose tissue from obese patients for the first time. Six obese patients and five control subjects were selected for microarray assay. Differentially expressed coding genes (DEGs), targets of lncRNAs, and alternatively spliced genes in obesity group were systematically compared in a functional framework based on a global gene regulatory network. It was demonstrated that all the three kinds of transcripts were enriched in pathways related to glucose metabolism while only DEGs showed closer proximity to neuro-endocrine-immune system. Thus, a lncRNA-regulated core network was constructed by a stepwise strategy using DEGs as seed nodes. From the core network, we identified a decreased lncRNA, uc001kfc.1, as potential cis-regulator for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to enhance insulin sensitivity of white adipocytes in obese patients. We further validated the down-regulation of uc001kfc.1 and PTEN in an independent testing sample set enrolling 22 subjects via qRT-PCR. Although whether the decreased uc001kfc.1 correlated with low risk of diabetes deserved to be examined in an expanded cohort with long-term follow-up visit, the present study highlighted the potential of lncRNA regulating glucose homeostasis in human adipose tissue from a global perspective. With further improvement, such network-based analyzing protocol proposed in this study could be applied to interpreting function of more lncRNAs from other whole transcriptome data.

Field of study: Biology
Myélopathie cervicale dégénérative: Diagnostic et prise en charge en première ligne

Resume Objectif Sensibiliser les medecins de famille a la myelopathie cervicale degenerative (MCD) afin de les aider a depister, a diagnostiquer et a traiter la maladie de facon plus efficace. Sources de l’information Une recherche d’articles publies entre 1970 et octobre 2017 a ete effectuee sur PubMed a l’aide des mots-cles anglais cervical myelopathy et degenerative spinal cord injury avec family medicine ou primary care. Message principal Le diagnostic de MCD reste souvent omis ou retarde en premiere ligne en raison du peu de connaissances sur la maladie, de meme que de la grande variabilite de ses manifestations. L’evolution naturelle de la MCD accuse un declin par paliers, les symptomes allant d’une faiblesse musculaire a la paralysie complete. Toutes les personnes qui presentent des signes et des symptomes doivent etre recommandees en chirurgie de la colonne vertebrale aux fins d’evaluation; les personnes dont le cas est leger peuvent recevoir un traitement prudent, mais doivent quand meme recevoir une evaluation et une opinion chirurgicales. Les patients asymptomatiques qui presentent des signes de compression de la moelle epiniere a l’imagerie par resonance magnetique devraient etre recommandes aux fins d’evaluation; mais la chirurgie leur est deconseillee. Il est essentiel de surveiller de pres les personnes asymptomatiques ou celles atteintes d’un cas leger de MCD afin de detecter toute deterioration neurologique.  La myelopathie cervicale degenerative est la cause la plus frequente de dysfonctionnement de la moelle epiniere chez les adultes. Cette revision aide a clarifier le diagnostic en premiere ligne, ce qui ameliore les chances de poser un diagnostic precoce et de prevenir tout declin neurologique supplementaire chez les patients.

Field of study: Medicine
Band-edge Exciton States in a Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Revealed by Ultra-high Magnetic Field Magneto-optical Spectroscopy

We report high field magneto-optical study on the first and second sub-band transitions of highly-purified (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes. The ordering and relative energy splitting between bright and dark excitonic states were found to be highly sub-band index dependent. We verified that the zero-momentum dark singlet exciton lies below the bright exciton for the first sub-band transitions, while for the second sub-band transitions, it was found to have higher energy than the bright excitonic state. Effect of this peculiar excitonic structure was found to manifest itself in distinctive Aharonov-Bohm splitting in ultra-high magnetic fields up to 190 T.

Field of study: Physics
The Computer Assisted Control and Data Acquisition System for the CERN PS Booster

The four-ring 800 MeV CERN PS Booster (PSB), whose running-in is scheduled for spring 1972, is to provide 1013 protons per pulse with a high phase space density. The control and data acquisition of the four PSB rings are largely independent of each other, although their operation is to be synchronized with the 50 MeV linac (which serves as an injector) and the CPS (into which the PSB beam is transferred). Many of the control and measurement tasks will be performed with the aid of a computer which is shared with the linac and the CPS. The selection of a central computer operating with the Multiprogramming Operating Executive System (MPX) was made as an optimum compromise between efficiency and economy (e.g. sharing of existing facilities). A large number of analog functions will be generated via a small digital computer, connected to the main computer. This system is discussed in detail and the application programs listed.

Field of study: Physics
Statistics and analysis on goals in European Cup Soccer Championship 2004

The authors collected information on and analyzed the 77 goals in 31 matches in European Cup Soccer Championship 2004,and revealed the distribution of goals in the best area.The analytical result also showed that although the goals scored by applying various combinations were still in the leading position,the goals scored by such means as dribbling and outrunning the defenders as well as placements were also increasing.

Field of study: Education
Predicted Effects of Neutron Irradiation on GaAs Junction Field Effect Transistors

The fast-neutron-induced degradation of the properties of n-channel GaAs junction field effect transistors (JFET) is estimated and the results are compared with the effects produced in n-and p-channel silicon field effect transistors. The estimated degradation of the maximum transconductance, maximum drain current, pinch-off voltage, and cutoff frequency is based on electrical measurement data taken for fast-neutron-irradiated bulk n-type GaAs samples. It is concluded that n-channel GaAs JFET's should be at least as resistant to fast neutrons as either n-or p-channel Si JFET's.

Field of study: Physics
Current Status of EAST Plasma Control and Data Acquisition

This paper briefly outlines the current status of CODAC system of the EAST tokamak. Integrated central system has been working for synchronizing all the subsystems and responsible for the integral safety protection by interlock. Data acquisition system has been established for the discharge with duration up to 100 seconds. Various data visualization tools such as EASTVIEWER to view the flux surfaces, RTSCOPE to view plasma boundary and CCD image in real-time, WEBSCOPE to view the diagnostic data via a web browser and EASTVOD to view and search plasma discharge image at different time, haven developed for EAST operation. Plasma control system is inherited from DIII-D, and has been matured to a stage to feedback control the EAST plasma shape, density and current in real time.

Field of study: Physics
Four-Pole Narrowband Superconducting Tunable Filter at VHF-Band

This paper presents a narrowband superconducting tunable filter at very high frequency (VHF)-band with a fractional bandwidth of 1.4%. The effect of the resonator structure on the unloaded quality factor and frequency tuning range is analyzed and simulated. A shorted spiral resonator, with the inner end loaded with a gallium arsenide (GaAs) varactor through air bridges, is chosen for compact size, wide tuning range, and high quality factor. The interstage and external couplings of this resonator remain almost unchanged with the varactor capacitance. Thus, the filter keeps a constant fractional bandwidth in the entire tuning range. The four-pole tunable filter at VHF-band is successfully designed with a compact size of 30 mm × 14.6 mm. The measured results match well with the simulated results. The tuning range of the filter is 17%, from 193.9 to 229.8 MHz. The variation of the fractional bandwidth is within (1.40 ± 0.01)%. The insertion loss at 229.8 MHz is 0.32 dB, with a reverse bias voltage of 9 V. The unloaded quality factor of the resonators in the four-pole filter is estimated to be 5600 at 229.8 MHz.

Field of study: Physics
Dead-time correction of a multi-element SSD for fluorescent XAFS.

The correct evaluation of the live time of a detection system is found to be important for correcting the counting loss of a multi-element detection system for fluorescent XAFS experiments. Synchronous resetting of preamplifiers and the suspension of electronics during the reset period is an effective method. The dead time of the incoming count rate should also be corrected, since its non-linearity cannot be neglected. A 19-element solid-state detector system which can count up to 3.7 x 10(5) counts s(-1) channel(-1) with <270 eV FWHM for Mn Kalpha has been realized; the dead time was independent of the incoming photon energy.

Field of study: Physics