nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircon characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous Isachsen Formation, Sverdrup Basin: source constraints from age and Hf isotope data

Detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous Isachsen Formation of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, have been dated by the U–Pb method and analyzed for Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LAM–ICP–MS). Five samples from four locations on Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands display similar ranges of U–Pb ages, with significant zircon populations at 2.8–2.6, 1.9–1.8, 1.7–1.6, and 1.2–1.0 Ga. Major hiatuses occur between 2.4 and 2.0 Ga and from 0.96 to 0.5 Ga. Low initial eHf values indicating recycled crust components are significant in Palaeoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga) and Neoarchaean (2.8–2.6 Ga) zircon populations. Other U–Pb age populations in the studied samples are dominated by zircon with positive eHf values, indicating a significant contribution from mantle-derived protoliths. The eHf values seen within a given U–Pb age population are generally consistent, with only minor scatter among the different samples. U–Pb and Hf data closely res...

Field of study: Environmental science
Radiation-induced back-channel leakage in SiGe CMOS on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology

We report the first results of a high-energy gamma irradiation experiment on SiGe CMOS on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology. In contrast to bulk Si CMOS, with increasing total dose the pFETs develop a significant off-state leakage, while the nFETs show a reduction in the leakage, which we attribute to negative charge trapping at the back Si-sapphire interface. Both the Si and SiGe pFETs showed the enhancement in leakage, suggesting that the leakage mechanism was not related to the SiGe channel. When the devices were cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature, the leakage disappears completely, suggesting that the trapping mechanism is strongly temperature dependent.

Field of study: Physics
über die Verteilung der Rotationszustände bei einem Elementarproze\ der Molekülbildung (keine Boltzmann-Verteilung) und die änderung der relativen übergangswahrscheinlichkeit

Es ist der Intensitatsverlauf der Linien der CuH-Bande λ 4280 bei Anregung im Bogen und bei Anregung in der mit Wasser und mit flussiger Luft gekuhlten Hohlkathode untersucht worden. Dabei wurde folgendes festgestellt: Im Bogen wird die Verteilung der Molekule auf die verschiedenen Rotationszustande entsprechend der Boltzmann-Verteilung gefunden. In der Hohlkathode wird dagegen eine andere Verteilung beobachtet, die als Verteilung der Molekule auf die verschiedenen Rotationszustande durch den Elementarprozes der Molekulbildung gedeutet wird, da, wie gezeigt wird, die bisher bekannten Effekte fur eine Erklarung nicht in Frage kommen. Gleichzeitig andert sich auch die relative ubergangswahrscheinlichkeit, und die Intensitaten der Linien von einem gemeinsamen Anfangszustand folgen im Gegensatz zum Bogen nicht mehr den Formeln nach Honl und London. Es wird weiter gezeigt, das man den Intensitatsverlauf in der Hohlkathode durch eine einfache Beziehung darstellen kann.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of Neurolinguistic Programming Training on Self-Actualization as Measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory

Neurolinguistic programming training is based on principles that should enable the trainee to be more “present”-oriented, inner-directed, flexible, self-aware, and responsive to others, that is, more self-actualized. This study reports within-person changes on self-actualization measures of the Personal Orientation Inventory following a 21-day residential training in neurolinguistic programming. Significant positive mean changes were found for 18 master practitioners on nine of the 12 scales and for 36 practitioners on 10 of the 12 scales. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that training increases individual self-actualization scores.

Field of study: Psychology
More's Letter to Dorp: Remapping the Trivium

1 More's text is cited according to E. F. Rogers' line numbers in The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More (Princeton, I947), ep. IS, pp. 27-74, hereafter cited as Correspondence. In all Latin citations, from whatever source, I have modernized the orthographical treatment of i/j and u/v. All translations here used are my own. More's text has been translated by Marcus Haworth in St. Thomas More: Selected Letters, ed. E. F. Rogers (New Haven, i96i); G. Marc'hadour, St. Thomas More: La Lettre d Dorp. . . (Namur, i962); and M. A. Nauwelaerts et al. in La Correspondance d'Erasme, II (Brussels, I974). For the history of Erasmus' relations with Dorp, see (with some caution) H. De Vocht, Monumenta Humanistica Lovaniensia: Texts and Studies about Louvain Humanists in the First Halfofthe Sixteenth Century (Louvain, I934), esp. pp. I39-I78. For critical commentary see De Vocht; A. Castelli, Note sull' Umanesimo in Inghilterra (Milan, I949), pp. 77-87; P. Mesnard, "Oui l'Abbe Marc'hadour nous introduit dans l'Univers de Thomas More," Moreana, I (i963), 26-35, and "Humanisme et theologie dans la controverse entre Erasme et Dorpius," Filosofia, I4, supp., to fasc. 4 (I963), 885-goo; G. Marc'hadour, "Additions et corrections a l'Univers de Thomas More," Moreana, I (i963), I59-i6i, and Thomas More et la Bible (Paris, I969), pp. I24-I36; M. S. Cooper, O.S.B., "More and the Letter to Martin Dorp," Moreana, 6 (i965), 37-44; R. S. Sylvester, "Thomas More: Humanist in Action," Medieval and Renaissance Studies (Southeastern Institute of Medieval and Renaissance Studies), I (i966), ed. 0. B. Hardison, I25-I37 (rpt. in Essential Articles for the Study of Thomas More, ed. R. S. Sylvester and G. Marc'hardour [Hamden, Ct., I9771, pp. 462-469); A. Prevost, Thomas More et la crise de la pensee europe'enne (Paris, i969), pp. I3I-I4I; M. Fleisher, Radical Reform and Poltical Persuasion in the Life and Writings of Thomas More (Geneva, I973), pp. 7I-I23; S. Camporeale, "Da Lorenzo Valla a Tommaso Moro,"  Teologia tra '4oo e '5oo, Memorie Domenicane, n. s. 4 (Pistoia, I973), 9-i05; H. Holeczek, Humanistische Bibelphilologie als Reformproblem bei Erasmus von Rotterdam, Thomas More, und William Tyndale (Leiden, 1975), pp. 13 8-i65; G. Santinello, "Teologia e linguaggio in Tommaso Moro," Studia Patavina: Rivista di scienze religiose, 24 (I977), 6I7-629; A. de Silva, "Sir Thomas More

Field of study: History
A glycopeptide isolated from human gastric juice.

A glycopeptide containing 69% carbohydrate was isolated from human gastric juice. The complex was found to be homogeneous and to have mol.wt. 9600. The glycopeptide consisted of a protein core to which were linked, by O-glycosidic linkages to threonine and N-glycosidic linkages, carbohydrate side chains composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialic acid, in the proportions 2:10:7:4:12:1.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Disinfectant Performance of a Chlorine Regenerable Antibacterial Microfiber Fabric as a Reusable Wiper

Rechargeable disinfectant performance of a microfiber fabric grafted with a halamine precursor, 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), was tested in an actual use situation in a university student dining hall. The precursor was successfully incorporated onto the surfaces of polyester fibers by using a radical graft polymerization process through a commercial finishing facility. The N–H bonds of ADMH moieties on the fibers can be converted to biocidal N–Cl bonds, when the fabrics are washed in a diluted chlorine bleach containing 3000 ppm available chlorine, providing a refreshable disinfectant function. By wiping the surfaces of 30 tables (equivalent to 18 m2) with wet chlorinated fabrics, both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in concentrations of 105 CFU/mL were totally killed in a contact time of 3 min. The disinfectant properties of the fabrics were still superior after 10 times successive machine washes (equivalent to fifty household machine washes), and rechargeable after wiping 30 tables before each recharge. Recharging conditions, such as temperature, time, active chlorine concentration and pH value of sodium hypochlorite solution, as well as the addition of a detergent, were studied. The product has the potential to improve public safety against biological contaminations and the transmission of diseases.

Field of study: Materials science
Method for preclinical pathology evaluation and analysis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant sites.

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) typically incorporate leads that directly contact the endocardium. Post-explant pathology evaluation of formalin-fixed CIED lead implant sites and downstream organs (i.e., lungs) can provide useful safety data to the US Food and Drug Administration; however, current regulatory guidelines do not mandate how the safety data are collected. In this paper, we outline a protocol for preclinical pathology evaluation of leads associated with CIEDs, which includes formalin fixation of the heart and lungs, gross evaluation, and qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation. We recommend fixation of the whole heart with leads in situ alongside intratracheal formalin infusion; this enables rapid and effective preservation of target tissues and increases histologic quality to allow for accurate qualitative and quantitative pathology evaluation. Overall, we believe that our approach to pathology evaluation of leads may maximize information acquired from preclinical studies, leading to more accurate safety assessments.



This article introduces an established method for pathology evaluation and analysis of cardiac leads recommended for companies and researchers that seek approval from a regulatory body.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Segment Relevance Based Peer Self-organization Strategy in P2P VoD

Peers in a video-on-demand system can choose any vedio at any time do interactive operations,such as play forward or backward.The interactive action may induce the play back delay which can influence users′ viewing experience,in order to ensure the playback continuity,it is essential for peers who do interactive operations to hit the destination segment as fast as possible.In P2P VoD,an efficient peer organization strategy is necessary for peers to fast locate the destination segment.Based on the character that the segments of on-demand streaming have some relevance with each other,this paper proposes a self-organization strategy for peers,which in stead of digging the specific relevancy of different segments makes peers of similar interest organize together to realize fast locate the destination segment.The optimization problem about how to optimize peer′s neighborlist is induced by the proposed strategy,an approximate optimization algorithm is presented to solve the problem.The simulation results show that the given strategy can effectively reduce the seeking delay and enhance the scalability of the system.

Field of study: Computer science
The Comparative Study of Active Ingredients from Coreopsis Tinctoria and Commercial Chrysanthemum

In this experiment,the contents of total flavonoids was determined by Al(NO3)3-NaNO2in spectrophotometric colorimetry,and the contents of active ingredients were determined by HPLC analysis.More over,we compared the differences of active ingredients from coreopsis tinctoria and commercial chrysanthemum.Studies showed that the contents of total flavonoids in the coreopsis tinctoria and commercial chrysanthemum were 117.15～153.04 mg/g and 27.05～51.82 mg/g,respectively.Chlorogenic acid,hyperoside,astragalin,quercetin and kaempferide were the common monomer components between coreopsis tinctoria and commercial chrysanthemum,while catechol,vanillic acid,syringic acid and rutin were only detected in the coreopsis tinctoria,and resveratrol was only detected in commercial chrysanthemum.The total flavonoid content in the coreopsis tinctoria was significantly higher than commercial chrysanthemum,phenolic compounds monomer composition was richer and its content was also relatively high.Accordingly,coreopsis tinctoria was a chrysanthemum variety with higher medicinal value,which had better in-depth research and development value.This experimental method could be applied to the quality control of chrysanthemum and its preparation.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
ENERGY-VARIATIONAL METHOD FOR THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THIN-WALLED I-BEAMS WITH WIDE FLANGE

This paper proposes an approach to analyzing the dynamic response of thin-walled I-beam with wide flange generally used in structural engineering. Four independent generalized dynamic displacement functions w( x , t ), θ ( x , t)u1 ( x , t ), u 2( x , t )are employed to reflect the displacement variation of thin-walled I-beams( b1 ≠ b2), and a new warping displacement mode of I-beams is used to meet the axial self-equilibrium condition. The minimum potential principle is applied to establish the governing differential equations and corresponding natural boundary conditions, and closed-form solutions of generalized dynamic displacements are obtained. The dynamic characteristics of I-beams are discussed. Through calculation examples, the analytical solutions of this paper are compared with the finite solid element solutions, and the validity of the proposed approach is verified.

Field of study: Engineering
Electrical characterization of Si/InN nanowire heterojunctions

We report on the electrical properties of undoped, Si-doped and Mg-doped InN nanowires measured directly on degenerate n-type and p-type Si substrates. The transport was measured with a nanoprobe technique inside a scanning electron microscope. The resulting average current density versus voltage characteristics are weakly rectifying for InN grown on n+–Si with similar ratios for all InN dopant types. On p+–Si, Mg-doped InN nanowires show a strong rectification behavior with opposite voltage polarity compared to n+–Si, while undoped and Si-doped nanowires show nearly symmetric transport. These characteristics are analyzed in terms of the properties of broken gap band offsets at the Si/InN heterojunction.

Field of study: Materials science
High-Quality Lead Tungstate Crystals for PANDA Produced at CRYTUR

Lead Tungstate (PbWO4, PWO) has become presently the most commonly used scintillator material for electromagnetic calorimetry in medium and high-energy physics. There exists substantial demand for future calorimeters such as the completion of the PANDA electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) as well as various detector projects under discussion at Jefferson Lab or Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States. Nearly, 6700 crystals are missing for the barrel section of the PANDA-EMC since the successful mass production of PWO using the Czochralski method was stopped after bankruptcy of the Bogoroditsk Technical Chemical Plant (BTCP) in Russia. Intermediate research and development efforts with the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China, as an existing producer exploiting the modified Bridgman method could not reach the required quality in a consistent manner. End of 2014, the CRYTUR (Turnov, Czech Republic) has restarted the development of lead tungstate based again on the Czochralski method with impressive progress. The modified and optimized technology has already produced full size samples of PWO-II quality. This paper will present a detailed status report on a first preproduction run of 89 crystals focusing on the achieved optical performance, light yield, kinetics, and temperature dependence and radiation hardness.

Field of study: Physics
What color should glacier algae be? An ecological role for red carbon in the cryosphere

Red‐colored secondary pigments in glacier algae play an adaptive role in melting snow and ice. We advance this hypothesis using a model of color‐based absorption of irradiance, an experiment with colored particles in snow, and the natural history of glacier algae. Carotenoids and phenols—astaxanthin in snow‐algae and purpurogallin in ice‐algae—shield photosynthetic apparatus by absorbing overabundant visible wavelengths, then dissipating the excess radiant energy as heat. This heat melts proximal ice crystals, providing liquid‐water in a 0°C environment and freeing up nutrients bound in frozen water. We show that purple‐colored particles transfer 87%‐89% of solar energy absorbed by black particles. However, red‐colored particles transfer nearly as much (85%‐87%) by absorbing peak solar wavelengths and reflecting the visible wavelengths most absorbed by nearby ice and snow crystals; this latter process may reduce potential cellular overheating when snow insulates cells. Blue and green particles transfer only 80%‐82% of black particle absorption. In the experiment, red‐colored particles melted 87% as much snow as black particles, while blue particles melted 77%. Green‐colored snow‐algae naturally occupy saturated snow where water is non‐limiting; red‐colored snow‐algae occupy drier, water‐limited snow. In addition to increasing melt, we suggest that esterified astaxanthin in snow‐alga cells increases hydrophobicity to remain surficial.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Heterogeneity of human platelet density subpopulations in aggregation, secretion of ATP, and cytosolic-free calcium concentration.

To investigate thrombin (500 U.L-1)-, ADP (0.1-30 mumol.L-1)-, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 3 mumol.L-1)-induced aggregation, secretion of ATP and cytosolic-free calcium mobilization in density subpopulations of human washed platelets.



Using Percoll discontinuous gradient.



The human platelets were separated into high density (HD), intermediate density (ID), and low density (LD) subpopulations, and their sizes were diminished with decreasing density (r = 0.978, P < 0.01). The magnitude of aggregations by thrombin, ADP, and 5-HT was more significant in HD platelets than that in LD platelets (P < 0.01). The amount of secretion of ATP induced by thrombin and ADP in HD platelets was also much higher than that in LD platelets (P < 0.01), except for 5-HT which did not cause the ensuring release reaction in any subpopulation of human platelets. Thrombin (1500 U.L-1)-, ADP (mumol.L-1)-, and 5-HT (3 mumol.L-1)-induced cytosolic-free calcium mobilization was evaluated as well. Results showed that the resting level of cytosolic-free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was the same in all subpopulations, about 80-90 nmol.L-1. However, the level of [Ca2+]i mobilization was entirely different, heightened with increasing density.



The function of HD platelets was much stronger and more active than that of LD platelets in human.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Evaluating Program Placement in an Institution for the Mentally Retarded: a Multivariate Approach

Examined is a multivariate method for evaluating the appropriateness of program placement in an institution for the mentally retarded. Six criterion groups were formed from among those residents attending educational programs in a developmental program sequence; then the groups were subjected to discriminant analysis. Dependent measures consisted of metrics derived from the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and included chronological age. The central question of the study was whether the six groups could be separated from one another and, if so, to determine those resident attributes accounting for such differentiation. The major findings were that the measures employed did significantly differentiate among the groups, and that adaptive behavior attributes relevant to programming goals accounted for most group differences. The implications of these findings for the evaluation of the placement aspect of programming are discussed.

Field of study: Education
Influence of ethanol on pancreatic lipid metabolism.

The influence of acute exposure to ethanol on rat pancreatic lipogenesis has been investigated. Marked alterations of in vitro pancreatic lipid metabolism were found with changes compatible with increased de novo triglyceride synthesis. Ethanol in vitro stimulated (U--14C) glucose incorporation into triglyceride, but inhibited incorporation into phosphatidyl choline. Prior exposure to ethanol did not further enhance these effects on labeled glucose incorporation. One hour after feeding ethanol at a dose of 378 mg/100 g body weight, (1--14C) acetate incorporation in vitro into pancreatic lipid was significantly increased. This increase was not uniform, but was confined to the free fatty acid, triglyceride, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidyl choline fractions. Similar observations were made when pancreatic tissue from saline-fed control animals was incubated in the presence of ethanol at a concentration of 3.4 mM. Prior exposure to ethanol enhanced this stimulatory effect, and tissue from the alcohol-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol incorporated more acetate label into all lipid fractions than tissue from alcohol-fed animals incubated without ethanol and from saline-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol.

Field of study: Medicine
Organizational Resources, Industry Velocity, Attention Focus and Firm’s Performance: A Review of Literature

The study addressed the diverse views on the role of organizational resources in firm performance in high velocity industry context. It adopted a multidisciplinary approach to examine the linkage among organizational resources, industry velocity, attention focus and firm performance. It found that resource based advantages are rather transient in highly dynamic environments hence need to constantly adapt the internal factors through firm capabilities. The influence of the external environment on resource application decisions is however partial as only a portion of the environment is actually perceived and interpreted by strategic decision makers through the selective cognitive process of attention focus. These findings have implications for a better understanding of the constructs and how they are related as contained in the proposed theoretical framework. The paper proposes that future studies be based on wider multidisciplinary approaches and the proposed theoretical framework be applied in guiding empirical research in high velocity industries.

Field of study: Business
Quasi-Random Sampling for Multivariate Distributions via Generative Neural Networks

Generative moment matching networks (GMMNs) are introduced for generating quasi-random samples from multivariate models with any underlying copula in order to compute estimates under variance reduction. So far, quasi-random sampling for multivariate distributions required a careful design, exploiting specific properties (such as conditional distributions) of the implied parametric copula or the underlying quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) point set, and was only tractable for a small number of models. Utilizing GMMNs allows one to construct quasi-random samples for a much larger variety of multivariate distributions without such restrictions, including empirical ones from real data with dependence structures not well captured by parametric copulas. Once trained on pseudo-random samples from a parametric model or on real data, these neural networks only require a multivariate standard uniform randomized QMC point set as input and are thus fast in estimating expectations of interest under dependence with variance reduction. Numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the approach, including applications inspired by risk management practice. All results are reproducible with the demos GMMN_QMC_paper, GMMN_QMC_data and GMMN_QMC_timings as part of the R package gnn.

Field of study: Computer science