nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative evaluation of substance abuse treatment IV. The effect of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses on amount of treatment, continuing care, and 1-year outcomes.

Recent surveys of the substance abuse patient population have shown a striking increase in the proportion of patients with a comorbid psychiatric disorder. In this study, patients with substance abuse and psychotic, anxiety/depressive, or personality disorders were compared with patients with only substance use disorders on treatment experiences and outcomes. Regardless of dual diagnosis status, patients generally improved on both substance use and social functioning outcomes after substance abuse treatment. At the 1-year follow-up, dually diagnosed patients, and patients with only substance use disorders, had comparable substance use outcomes. However, patients with major psychiatric disorders, specifically psychotic and anxiety/depressive disorders, fared worse on psychological symptoms and employment outcomes than did patients with personality disorders and only substance use disorders. Although there were some group differences on the amount of index treatment received and continuing care, the overall pattern of relationships between treatment variables and outcomes was comparable for the patient groups. In addition, there was no diagnostic group by treatment orientation matching effects, which indicated that the dual diagnosis patient groups improved as much in 12-Step as in cognitive-behavioral substance abuse programs.

Field of study: Medicine
Formação profissional e violência: uma revisão sistemática de estudos realizados entre os anos de 2000 a 2017

O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisao sistematica sobre o tema violencia no contexto da formacao profissional nas areas da Educacao e da Educacao Fisica (EF) no periodo entre 2000  Para a busca, foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: formacao profissional e violencia, violencia e docente, professional formation and violence, professional training and violence, vocational training and violence , violencia e formacao de professores, violence and teacher training e violencia and formacion del profesorado . Apos os procedimentos metodologicos, restaram 25 artigos para analise. Os resultados revelam a escassez de producoes sobre o assunto nas areas mencionadas. Enfatiza-se a responsabilidade social das instituicoes de ensino em abordarem o assunto, seja na formacao profissional e/ou na formacao continuada.

Field of study: Education
Monetary Policy as Compensatory Power? An Institutionalist Approach to the Eurozone Crisis

In this article, we study the relationship between monetary policy and the socio-institutional framework. Specifically, we examine the economic policy response to the debt crisis of the Eurozone, applying institutional economics from two perspectives: the theory of social power and the endogenous money supply. The research question is whether monetary policy can be characterized as a countervailing power exercised by European institutions with respect to the member countries. Fiscal and monetary policies have been interpreted through these sources and types of power, as proposed by Galbraith, by distinguishing between those types of power that have had a permanent versus a conjunctural character. We conclude that European Quantitative Easing can be characterized as having been a countervailing power. All of this has strengthened European institutional power despite having been manifested in the context of an economic and financial crisis.

Field of study: Economics
Microwave-assisted Fabrication of PS@CdS Core-Shell Nanostructures and CdS Hollow Spheres

CdCl2, TAA, and PVP with PS microspheres without surface modification. The products were investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, IR, and Raman. CdS hollow spheres were easily obtained by removing the PS cores in toluene solution. The method presented here can be used for the preparation of other PS@II–VI semiconductor core–shell nanostructures and hollow spheres.

Field of study: Chemistry
Comparision of Physical Characteristics of Submicron Powder and Common Powder of Dendrobium officinale

To compare the physical properties between the submicron powder and common powder, we have done the research on the angle of repose, slip angle, solubility, soakage, dispersibility and the microscopic structure.The result is that the physical properties of submicron powder is better than those of the common powder's, not only the the angle of repose, slip angle, but also in the solubility, soakage, dispersibility, etc. The microscopic structure by standard light microscopes and scanning electron microscope shows that submicron powder of Dendrobium officinale has bigger broken of its plant cell, and higher bioavailability, which will make greater market outlook.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Characteristics and development of the volleyball defense lineup that bases its core on the free man

By analyzing the statistics of the videos that show the effect of actual application of such a lineup in the contests performed by world winning volleyball teams,the author studied the characteristics of the volleyball de-fense lineup that bases its core on the free man,and revealed the following findings: The defense lineup that bases its core on the free man has changed former traditional play;the overall strength of defense of the entire team is greatly enhanced by replacing the secondary attacker with the free man to defend the No.5 position and to further expand the range of defense of the free man,which is conducive to reducing the backcourt defense pressure of the primary attacker at the same time,so that the primary attacker can be in an advantageous position for backcourt at-tack when defending;such a lineup provides more chances and possibilities for strengthening backcourt attack and increasing attack points on the court.

Field of study: Education
Mechanisms of skyrmion collapse revealed by sub-nm maps of the transition rate

Magnetic skyrmions are key candidates for novel memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. An essential property is their topological protection caused by the whirling spin texture as described by a robust integer winding number. However, the realization on an atomic lattice leaves a loophole for switching the winding number via concerted rotation of individual spins. Hence, understanding the unwinding microscopically is key to enhance skyrmion stability. Here, we use spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to probe skyrmion annihilation by individual hot electrons and obtain maps of the transition rate on the nanometer scale. By applying an in-plane magnetic field, we tune the collapse rate by up to four orders of magnitude. In comparison with first-principles based atomistic spin simulations, the experiments demonstrate a radial symmetric collapse at zero in-plane magnetic field and a transition to the recently predicted chimera collapse at finite in-plane field. Our work opens the route to design criteria for skyrmion switches and improved skyrmion stability.

Field of study: Physics
A Two-Phase Video Image Key Frame Extraction Method

According to the actual need for panorama joint of aerial video in real time,puts forward a two-phase of the key frame extraction method.In the first stage,the candidate key frames are extracted in high overlap ratio by using the linear relation between flight time and overlap rate.Then the second stage,final key frames are determined through checking the frame-to-frame overlap ratio to reduce redundancy,which prepared for panorama joint.After the experiment examination,this method which can extract key frames,is practical.

Field of study: Computer science
Óleo essencial como alternativa sustentável no manejo de doenças da uva na pós-colheita e na vinha e sua influência no vinho.

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EO) and its effect in vivo against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest of grapes and in a vineyard. Moreover, grapes collected from de field experiments were used to evaluate the impact of the alternative control on the alcoholic fermentation and wine composition. The major compounds of E. staigeriana EO were citral (30.91%), 1,8-cineole (24.59%), and limonene (19.47%). In the postharvest experiment, EO was efficient, reducing the incidence and severity of disease caused by B. cinerea and the incidence of disease caused by C. acutatum, both in preventive and curative treatment. Moreover, this EO reduced the incidence and severity of gray rot caused by B. cinerea and the severity of ripe rot caused by C. acutatum in the field. The alternative control did not significantly influence the alcoholic fermentation and volatile composition of wines, except for the residual presence of 1,8-cineole that can contribute to the aroma complexity of 'Isabella' wine. These results are promising and indicate that E. staigeriana EO might be further investigated as a natural alternative to control fungal rots on grapes.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Tritium and deuterium Arrhenius parameter effects in a base-promoted elimination reaction: evidence for tunnelling

The theory of isotope effects, based on absolute reaction rate theory, provides what is probably the single most powerful tool for the study of transitio:n. state structure. Thus, isotope rate effects are most frequently ol:served. for the purpose of elucidating mechanism. However, sufficiently detailed observations ofkinetic isotope effects on well~characterized reactions provide a valuable test not only of kinetic isotope effect theory but also of absolute reaction rate theory upon which it is based. A relatively small nurober of isotope effects have been studiedas a function of temperature; an even smaller nurober are known for two isotopes in the sa:me reaction; in only the reaction of chlorirre atoms with hydrogen molecules is there available information on temperature-dependence of two isotope f!.ffects in the same reaction. This system has recently been treated theoretically in so:ne detaill. The results "constitute a positive test of the transition state fonnulation of the effect of isotopic substitution on the rates of chemical re.lctiom;". It was not possible to conclude whether or not tunnelling is a si§:nificant feature of the process. Tunnel corrections, however, have been calculated tobe generally large in a theoretical treatment ofhydrogen atom transfer reactions and the results confirmed by reference to measured hydrogen-deuterium isotope effects as a function of temperature in the re;lctions of methyl radicals with organic compounds2. In a recent survey ofisotope effects in proton transfer reactions in solution, Be ll3 found only one study, ofthe bromination of carbethoxycyclopentanone, in which hydrogen-deuterium isotope effects had been measured as a fu:1ction of temperature in a reaction simple enough to be amenable to quantitative treatment. A detailed theoretical analysis, based on a onedi:mensional transition state model, indicated substantial tunnelling by hydrogen with a smaller but significant amount by deuterium. It was pointed out that while tunnelling might lead to recognizable abnormalities in isotope rate ratios or in activation energy differences, usually knowledge of transition state structure is insufficient to allow definitive conclusions in in·:erpreting these parameters. On the other hand, the suggested most likely abnormality diagnostic of tunnelling was that the deuterium Arrhenius "A factor" was larger than that of hydrogen. In the theoretical

Field of study: Chemistry
TH-C-AUD C-09: Efficacy of Virtual Reality Simulation for Noncoplanar Prostate IMRT — a Peek of Future RTP System

To evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality simulation for noncoplanar prostate IMRT optimization process.  14 prostate IMRT cases, randomly selected from current clinic, were re‐simulated using a pioneer virtual reality simulation (VRS) system for noncoplanar beam arrangement. Using 3D stereoscopic technology, the VRS system displays the virtual treatment environment on a DTI™ real 3D LCD screen without aid of gaggles. With the virtual patient loaded to the screen, one can simulate the treatment by realistically manipulating the gantry and table. An optimal beam projection is suggested when the inclusion of vital organ was reduced in the volumetric beam eye‐view. When exploring a noncoplanar beam position, the anti‐collision function effectively alerted the mechanical limitations. In comparing with original seven evenly‐spread coplanar beams, in the resultant new setting all beams were rotated more anteriorly, while two anterior oblique beams were tilted 20–30° inferiorly. All IMRT plans were calculated with similar modulated intensity level and number of segments. To standardize the endpoint for comparison, PTV D95 was normalized to 45 Gy.  VRS created non‐coplanar beam arrangements were proved clinically to be deliverable beam arrangement without risk of collision. Dose homogeneity in new plans were improved, indicated by 2.2% reduction in global maximal dose and 2.0% in high dose tail (D5) of PTV. Enhancement of rectal dose sparing was suggested by 5.7% and 3.7% lower values for rDmean and rD10cc respectively. Less inclusion of bladder in BEV of the two anterior noncoplanar oblique beams translated a 14% and 5.1% reduction in bladder mean dose and bD30cc respectively.  The VRS effectively concluded deliverable noncoplanar beam arrangements for prostate IMRT with resultant improvement of dose characteristics. Further development of VRS may present future RTPS.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Conserving biodiversity in a changing world: land use change and species richness in northern Tanzania

Even though human induced habitat changes are a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide, our understanding of the impact of land use change on ecological communities remains poor. Yet without such information it is difficult to develop management strategies for maintaining biodiversity in the face of anthropogenic change. To address this gap, we explored how land use practices impacted species richness in a mammalian community in northern Tanzania. Using camera traps, we estimated the number of mammalian species inhabiting three land use types subjected to increasing levels of anthropogenic pressure: (1) Tarangire National Park, (2) pastoral grazing areas; and (3) cultivated areas outside the park. Results showed that land use practice is correlated with different levels of species richness. Interestingly, mammal species richness was highest in the grazing areas and lowest in cultivated areas. When we focused our analyses on carnivores, we found little significant difference in species richness between the park and pastoral grazing areas, however, carnivore richness were significantly lower in the cultivated areas. We found no significant link between species body weight and presence in the three areas considered. Altogether, our results show that biodiversity conservation can be achieved outside national parks, with pastoral grazing areas holding a significant proportion of mammal communities; however increasing cultivation of pastoral rangelands may represent a major threat to mammalian communities.

Field of study: Environmental science
Examining and extending the influence of presumed influence hypothesis in social media

The influence of presumed influence hypothesis (IPI) is a communication theory accounting for the process of persuasive media effects. The present study integrates theoretical perspectives in persuasion and new and traditional media effects research to investigate the assumptions and explanatory mechanisms of IPI in an experiment. View numbers in social media directly predicted presumed exposure by others and indirectly predicted presumed influence on others, consistent with IPI and inconsistent with the bandwagon heuristic. Presumed exposure predicted presumed influence, consistent with IPI. Other predictors of presumed exposure and presumed influence were also found. Self’s evaluation of the message (realism) and engagement in the message (identification) predicted presumed exposure by others and presumed influence on others, supporting the expectation that a motivational mechanism of IPI is self-centric social perception. Social media message view numbers did not predict persuasive outcomes directly, but the evaluation of and engagement in the message did. Finally, the data were inconsistent with the assumption of pervasive mass media reach. This study provides theoretical implications for examining persuasive effects of social media messages, while enhancing and expanding IPI. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Review of Multi-messenger observations of neutron rich matter

At very high densities, electrons react with protons to form neutron rich matter. This material is central to many fundamental questions in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Moreover, neutron rich matter is being studied with an extraordinary variety of new tools such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO). We describe the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) that uses parity violating electron scattering to measure the neutron radius of 208Pb. This has important implications for neutron stars and their crusts. We discuss X-ray observations of neutron star radii. These also have important implications for neutron rich matter. Gravitational waves (GW) open a new window on neutron rich matter. They come from sources such as neutron star mergers, rotating neutron star mountains, and collective r-mode oscillations. Using large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find neutron star crust to be very strong. It can support mountains on rotating neutron stars large enough to generate detectable gravitational waves. Finally, neutrinos from core collapse supernovae (SN) provide another, qualitatively different probe of neutron rich matter. Neutrinos escape from the surface of last scattering known as the neutrino-sphere. This is a low density warm gas of neutron rich matter. Neutrino-sphere conditions can be simulated in the laboratory with heavy ion collisions. Observations of neutrinos can probe nucleosyntheses in SN. We believe that combing astronomical observations using photons, GW, and neutrinos, with laboratory experiments on nuclei, heavy ion collisions, and radioactive beams will fundamentally advance our knowledge of compact objects in the heavens, the dense phases of QCD, the origin of the elements, and of neutron rich matter.

Field of study: Physics
A Monte Carlo approach to validation of FFF VMAT treatment plans for the TrueBeam linac.

To commission and benchmark a vendor-supplied (Varian Medical Systems) Monte Carlo phase-space data for the 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) energy mode on a TrueBeam linear accelerator for the purpose of quality assurance of clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans. A method for rendering the phase-space data compatible with BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc simulation software package is presented.



Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to benchmark the TrueBeam 6 MV FFF phase space data that have been released by the Varian MC Research team. The simulations to benchmark the phase space data were done in three steps. First, the original phase space which was created on a cylindrical surface was converted into a format that was compatible with BEAMnrc. Second, BEAMnrc was used to create field size specific phase spaces located underneath the jaws. Third, doses were calculated with DOSXYZnrc in a water phantom for fields ranging from 1 × 1 to 40 × 40 cm(2). Calculated percent depth doses (PDD), transverse profiles, and output factors were compared with measurements for all the fields simulated. After completing the benchmarking study, three stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) VMAT plans created with the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) were calculated with Monte Carlo. Ion chamber and film measurements were also performed on these plans. 3D gamma analysis was used to compare Monte Carlo calculation with TPS calculations and with film measurement.



For the benchmarking study, MC calculated and measured values agreed within 1% and 1.5% for PDDs and in-field transverse profiles, respectively, for field sizes >1 × 1 cm(2). Agreements in the 80%-20% penumbra widths were better than 2 mm for all the fields that were compared. With the exception of the 1 × 1 cm(2) field, the agreement between measured and calculated output factors was within 1%. It is of note that excellent agreement in output factors for all field sizes including highly asymmetric fields was achieved without accounting for backscatter into the beam monitor chamber. For the SBRT VMAT plans, the agreement between Monte Carlo and ion chamber point dose measurements was within 1%. Excellent agreement between Monte Carlo, treatment planning system and Gafchromic film dose distribution was observed with over 99% of the points in the high dose volume passing the 3%, 3 mm gamma test.



The authors have presented a method for making the Varian IAEA compliant 6 MV FFF phase space file of the TrueBeam linac compatible with BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc. After benchmarking the modified phase space against measurement, they have demonstrated its potential for use in MC based quality assurance of complex delivery techniques.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Arsenite modifies structure of soil microbial communities and arsenite oxidization potential.

The influence of arsenite [As(III)] on natural microbial communities and the capacity of exposed communities to oxidize As(III) has not been well explored. In this study, we conducted soil column experiments with a natural microbial community exposed to different carbon conditions and a continuous flow of As(III). We measured the oxidation rates of As(III) to As(V), and the composition of the bacterial community was monitored by 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The diversity of As(III)-oxidizing bacteria was examined with the aox gene, which encodes the enzyme involved in As(III) oxidation. Arsenite oxidation was high in the live soil regardless of the carbon source and below detection in sterilized soil. In columns amended with 200 μmol kg(-1) of As (III), As(V) concentrations reached 158 μmol kg(-1) in the column effluent, while As(III) decreased to unmeasurable levels. Although the number of bacterial taxa decreased by as much as twofold in treatments amended with As(III), some As(III)-oxidizing bacterial groups increased up to 20-fold. Collectively, the data show the large effect of As(III) on bacterial diversity, and the capacity of natural communities from a soil with low initial As contamination to oxidize large inputs of As(III).

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Can realistic interaction be useful for nuclear mean-field approaches?

Recent applications of the M3Y-type semi-realistic interaction to the nuclear mean-field approaches are presented: i) Prediction of magic numbers and ii) isotope shifts of nuclei with magic proton numbers. The results exemplify that the realistic interaction, which is derived from the bare 2N and 3N interaction, furnishes a new theoretical instrument for advancing nuclear mean-field approaches.

Field of study: Physics