nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The REBOOT approach to software reuse

Although some companies have been successful in software reuse, many research projects on reuse have had little industrial penetration. Often the proposed technology has been too ambitious or exotic, or did not scale up. REBOOT emphasizes industrial applicability of the proposed technology in a holistic perspective: a validated method through a Methodology Handbook, a stabilized tool set around a reuse library, a training package, and initial software repositories of reusable components extracted from company-specific projects. This article presents the REBOOT approach to software reuse, covering both organizational and technical aspects and the experiences so far from the applications.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Separating heat stress from moisture stress: analyzing yield response to high temperature in irrigated maize

Several recent studies have indicated that high air temperatures are limiting maize (Zea mays L.) yields in the US Corn Belt and project significant yield losses with expected increases in growing season temperatures. Further work has suggested that high air temperatures are indicative of high evaporative demand, and that decreases in maize yields which correlate to high temperatures and vapor pressure deficits (VPD) likely reflect underlying soil moisture limitations. It remains unclear whether direct high temperature impacts on yields, independent of moisture stress, can be observed under current temperature regimes. Given that projected high temperature and moisture may not co-vary the same way as they have historically, quantitative analyzes of direct temperature impacts are critical for accurate yield projections and targeted mitigation strategies under shifting temperature regimes. To evaluate yield response to above optimum temperatures independent of soil moisture stress, we analyzed climate impacts on irrigated maize yields obtained from the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) corn yield contests for Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri. In irrigated maize, we found no evidence of a direct negative impact on yield by daytime air temperature, calculated canopy temperature, or VPD when analyzed seasonally. Solar radiation was the primary yield-limiting climate variable. Our analyses suggested that elevated night temperature impacted yield by increasing rates of phenological development. High temperatures during grain-fill significantly interacted with yields, but this effect was often beneficial and included evidence of acquired thermo-tolerance. Furthermore, genetics and management—information uniquely available in the NCGA contest data—explained more yield variability than climate, and significantly modified crop response to climate. Thermo-acclimation, improved genetics and changes to management practices have the potential to partially or completely offset temperature-related yield losses in irrigated maize.

Field of study: Environmental science
Miniversal deformations of pairs of symmetric forms

We give a miniversal deformation of each pair of symmetric matrices $(A,B)$ under congruence; that is, a normal form with minimal number of independent parameters to which all matrices $(A+E,B+E')$ close to $(A,B)$ can be reduced by congruence transformations $ (A+E,B+E')\mapsto {\cal S}(E,E')^T (A+E,B+E') {\cal S}(E,E'), {\cal S}(0,0)=I, $ in which ${\cal S}(E,E')$ smoothly depends on the entries of $E$ and $E'$.

Field of study: Mathematics
Chemical oxidation of sulfadiazine by the Fenton process: Kinetics, pathways, toxicity evaluation

This paper investigated sulfadiazine oxidation by the Fenton process under various reaction conditions. The reaction conditions tested in the experiments included the initial pH value of reaction solutions, and the dosages of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide. Under the reaction conditions with pH 3, 0.25 mM of ferrous ion and 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide, a removal efficiency of nearly 100% was achieved for sulfadiazine. A series of intermediate products including 4-OH-sulfadiazine/or 5-OH-sulfadiazine, 2-aminopyrimidine, sulfanilamide, formic acid, and oxalic acid were identified. Based on these products, the possible oxidation pathway of sulfadiazine by Fenton's reagent was proposed. The toxicity evaluation of reaction solutions showed increased antimicrobial effects following the Fenton oxidation process. The results from this study suggest that the Fenton oxidation process could remove sulfadiazine, but also increase solution toxicity due to the presence of more toxic products.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Application of GRID GIS in the Optimization of Communications Network

The data showed in the analysis of network optimization of traditional communications is commonly based on the text or the form,which results in the lack of interest,visualization and relevance and brings the inconvenience to the work of the technicians.Nowadays,the development and maturity of GIS provides fundamental basis for the grid management in the analysis of network optimization.This paper attempts to introduce the relevant theoretical definitions and illustrate with examples the advantages of GRID GRIS in visualization,selectivity and relevance through relating space to attribute.

Field of study: Engineering
Untersuchungen über Carbene II. Zur Existenz von Acetylenoxyden

Die photochemische und thermische Zersetzung von C6H514COC(N2)C6H5 ergibt Diphenylessigsaure, in der alles 14C sich in der Carboxylgruppe wiederfindet. Damit kann das intermediare Auftreten eines Acetylenoxydes, sei es auch nur in Form einer energiereichen Zwischenstufe, ausgeschlossen werden. Das bei der Abspaltung der N2-Molekel entstehende Ketocarben lagert sich unter Wanderung eines Phenylrestes zum Diphenylketen um.

Field of study: Chemistry
ISODE: In Support of Migration

The ISO Development Environment (ISODE) is an openly available implementation of the upper layers of OSI and a number of applications which make use of this. In addition it provides a number of tools to enable fast prototyping of new OSI applications and the easy construction of existing ones. ISODE has addressed the problems of interworking with existing protocols and provides some useful migration paths for LAN/WAN interworking.

Field of study: Computer science
Mechanism of enhanced viral-myocarditis-prophylactic effect of a novel coxsackievirus B3 mucosal vaccine by LTN adjuvant

To explore the mechanism of lymphotactin(LTN) to exert mucosal adjuvant activity.  Complexes of chitosan-pVP1 and chitosan-pLTN were seperately prepared by co-cojugation method, then 50μg(DNA) of each complex was administered intranasally to male BALB/c mice 4times biweekly. Two weeks after the final immunization, mice were challenged with 3LD50 CVB3 to cause viral myocarditis, heart histopathological changes were examined 7 days later. Meanwhile, T cell immune responses, DC percentage and its membrane CD86 expression were monitored in spleen, mesenteric lymph node(MLN) and cervical lymph node(CLN).  Co-immunizaiton with LTN remarkbly alleviated CVB3-induced cardial injury. This improvement was accompanied with enhanced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ-secreting ability, increased DC frequency and membrane CD86 expression both in spleen and mucosal draining lymph nodes( MLN, CLN).  LTN exerts its mucosal adjuvant function in augmenting specific T cell immune responses systemically and mucosally via DC enrichment in spleen, MLN and CLN and up-regulation of DC maturation. 
 
 
Coxsackievirus;  Myocardifs;  Mucosal;  Adjuvant;  Lymphotactin

Field of study: Biology
Cornelius Castoriadis on the Scope and Content of Neoclassical and Marxian Economics

The paper presents the thought of the political philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis on economic methodology and the neoclassical and Marxian traditions. Castoriadis suggested that the scope of economic theory includes the identification of “local” regularities and not the search for invariant “laws.” He criticized the use of equilibrium and the utilitarian framework in the neoclassical tradition and proposed to approach human agency based on the Aristotelian concept of the “social individual.” In addition, he criticized the deterministic nature of the Marxian “laws.” According to Castoriadis, the use of concepts such as the “production function” and “capital” presents a number of caveats.

Field of study: Economics
The origin of the Pb-rich Bi/sub 3/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 1/O/sub x/ (3221) phase during post annealing of (Bi,Pb)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x//Ag composite conductors

We studied the origin of (Bi,Pb)/sub 3/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 1/O/sub x/ (3221) in (Bi,Pb)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/-based (2223) wires by varying the amount of 2223 and remnant liquid in wires using slow-cooling and quenching experiments on 2223 green wires. The 3221 phase forms from crystallization of remnant liquid.

Field of study: Physics
Composition Factors of Polynomial Representation of DAHA and Crystallized Decomposition Numbers

We determine the composition factors of the polynomial representation of DAHA, conjectured by M. Kasatani. We reduce the determination of composition factors of polynomial representations of DAHA to the determination of the composition factors of the Weyl module $W^{(1^n)}$ for the $v$-Schur algebra. By using the LLT-Ariki type theorem of $v$-Schur algebra proved by Varagnolo-Vasserot, we determine the composition factors of $W^{(1^n)}$ by calculating the upper global basis and crystal basis of Fock space of $U_q(\hat{\mf{sl}}_\ell)$.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of inlet gas composition on working temperature of natural gas steam reforming

Catalyst is one of the most important factors to determine the cost and life of reforming system in natural gas steam reforming process.Application of low-cost Ni catalyst is limited in the area of reformer with a small medium scale for distributed power generation,because of its characteristics of sintering and carbon formation at a relatively high reforming temperature.In order to allow Ni catalyst work at a mild temperature with little sintering and carbon formation,the influence of composition of reformer inlet gas on reforming temperature at a certain space velocity and conversion of feed CH4 was studied.At the same time,a method of changing inlet gas composition by introducing circulating gas into the feed gas was also discussed.Experimental results showed that the working temperature of Ni catalyst with introducing circulating gas into the feed gas decreased greatly comparing to that without introducing circulating gas at the same space velocity and conversion of feed CH4.According to this study,a new steam reforming process applicable to distributed fuel cell power generation system with a small medium scale was proposed,in which the fuel cell anode outlet gas was separated into two parts,one part was circulated and introduced into the reformer after mixing with the feed gas,to greatly lower the working temperature of natural gas steam reforming.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Evaluation of Sella Turcica Shape and Dimensions in Cleft Subjects Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to assess the morphology of the sella turcica and measure its size in cleft and noncleft subjects.  Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 54 individuals (29 males; 25 females) with cleft and 85 (22 males; 63 females) without cleft were used for this study. Syndromic patients with cleft(s) were not included because of possible additional endocrinological and/or morphological disorders. Linear measurements included length, depth, and diameter. The shape of the sella turcica was analyzed in the cleft and noncleft groups. An independent t test was conducted to evaluate differences between genders and groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare age groups.  The length (p < 0.001) of the sella turcica was smaller in noncleft subjects than in cleft subjects. Diameter (p = 0.014) and depth (p = 0.005) showed as constantly increasing from an age <15 to >25 years in the overall assessment. The distribution of the shape of the sella turcica differed significantly between groups (p < 0.001).  In this study, CBCT was used to assess the morphology of the sella turcica. A majority of the subjects with cleft had a flattened sella turcica compared to that of the control group. A shorter length of the sella turcica was more evident in the cleft subjects than in the control group.

Field of study: Medicine
Multitrophic interactions in a geothermal setting: Arthropod borings, actinomycetes, fungi and fungal-like microorganisms in a decomposing conifer wood from the Jurassic of Patagonia

A permineralized araucarioid conifer stem, preserved in state of partial decay, is described from the Middle to Late Jurassic Chon-Aike Formation (Bahia Laura Group) at Laguna Flecha Negra, in the Deseado Massif, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The tree-stem, which comprises periderm to the secondary xylem, shows evidence of interactions with xylophagous borers, fungi, actinomycetes and other fungal-like microorganisms. In the secondary phloem, it displays rows of traumatic resin ducts, which host abundant mycelium comprising very thin hyphae differentiated into spore-producing structures comparable to actinomycete bacteria and spherical fungal-like resting structures. In the cortical and phloem regions, there are cell groups with structural changes, which appear variably degraded by fungi. The secondary xylem displays decay of cellulose and lignified components, at various spatial scales, comparable with fungal decay patterns in modern wood. Further septate fungal filaments, sometimes bearing clamp connections are associated with decayed regions. The degraded secondary xylem shows circular to oval borings filled with frass containing degraded tracheids, comparable to those bored by different wood boring beetles. Development of traumatic resin ducts in the phloem could have been triggered by penetration of the living stem by these xylophagous arthropods. The association of the different components present suggests pathogenic and saprotrophic interactions promoting decomposition of the stem, and represents a rarely-documented example of multitrophic biological interactions involving several different biological groups in Jurassic terrestrial paleoecosystems.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Longitudinal Consistency of Elaboration Scores

IN THE DEVELOPMENT of measures of di ve r gent thinking ability information relating to the con sistency or reliability of measures over time is im portant. We know that some children continue to de velop their creative and divergent thinking abilities consistently while others experience significant dec rements at various points along the chronological continuum and particularly at about third or fourth grade. The evidence available suggests that these decrements are a function of environment1 and may be, in part at least, caused by the schooling proc ess. The discovery of unique features in a sample provides opportunities for investigation of selected factors. This study was undertaken to investigate the longitudinal consistency of a sample of grade one and two children who displayed significantly high scores for elaboration when initially tested with the Picture Construction Test. The results suggested that the elaboration score of the sample possessed characteristics that would cause elaborative ability to be maintained through the grade three and four stage where significant decreases usually occur. The study was designed to investigate this aspect and to test the hypothesis that if high elaboration scores at grade one and two level, possess certain distinctive characteristics, growth is maintained without d?c r?mentai stages throughout the primary school years. In this case the specific characteristic was exceptionally high ability to add details related to but not physically attached to the stimulus figure. This constitutes ability to produce a complete picture rather than elaborate only the central idea or main feature.

Field of study: Education
Application of Behavior Principles to Group Therapy Techniques with Juvenile Delinquents

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of token reinforcement on the quantity and quality of verbalization in a therapy group of 5 delinquent boys. Ss were reinforced with poker chips for units of verbalization and for certain types of verbalization. The chips were exchanged for candy, money, or phone calls at the end of each session. Verbal behavior was reinforced for 19 of the 25 therapy sessions. Results indicated an increase over baseline rate in the quantity and quality of verbalization.

Field of study: Psychology
'Sheer Humbug' The Freedom of the Press and the General Strike

In the General Strike of May 1926 the TUC included the print workers in its strike call, and thereby upset even some supporters. It was often denounced as an attack on the ‘Freedom of the Press’. The TUC rejected this accusation but found it embarrassing. It was primarily concerned with establishing a monopoly over strike propaganda. This article examines the extent to which publication was affected. It shows that although many papers overcame the obstacles, their scale, quality, and capacity to report events were severely damaged. Controversies over the strike within the printers' and journalists' unions are examined—as is the broader debate about TUC strategy and the freedom issue among such contemporaries as Mellor, Paul, Cole, and Martin. It is argued that the two latter misjudged the possibility of winning middle class support by allowing some, or all, of the press to publish. The article concludes that the press strike was justified and reduced the effectiveness of anti-strike propaganda. The TUC's policy, however, was restrictive in narrowing the scope of controversy and discouraging publication of leaflets by local strike committees. Suppression of these under the Emergency Regulations was actually the worst infringement of freedom of publication that occurred.

Field of study: History
Qualitative story completion for counseling psychology research: A creative method to interrogate dominant discourses.

Qualitative story completion (SC) research involves the novel qualitative application of a technique previously used in quantitative research and clinical assessment, in which participants write stories in response to a story "stem" designed by the researcher. The resulting stories are analyzed to identify patterns of meaning using conventional qualitative analytic approaches such as thematic analysis. In place of the more typical self-report methods used in qualitative research, such as interviews or focus groups, the method provides a categorically different way to explore a topic, one which can offer new understandings to counseling psychology researchers. In particular, SC's capacity to illuminate social discourses makes it particularly useful for understanding the potential ways in which socially marginalized populations are understood in therapeutic spaces as well as for understanding how clients of all kinds may make sense of therapeutic interactions. This article provides an introduction to qualitative SC, explaining the method and its origins, and offering practical guidance about how to use it. The method is illustrated with examples from the existing SC literature and a hypothetical study focused on understandings of mental health difficulties in the workplace.

Field of study: Psychology
Magnetic heat pumps – Configurable hydraulic distribution for a magnetic cooling system

Magnetic cooling technology has experienced significant developments over the last five years. Most of the magneto-caloric prototypes use magneto-caloric alloys subject to variable magnetic field and coolant flow synchronized with the magnetisation/demagnetisation cycles. Hydraulic flow regulation has a major impact on the AMRR cycle and on the performance of the magnetic heat pump. This paper discloses a hydraulic solution implemented in a two stage linear prototype, where the volume, the flow rate and the coolant velocity can be controlled. The dynamic sealing of the system is also described, as well as the performance of a two stage prototype integrating this hydraulic distribution solution to this first generation solution. A brief description of a third generation ‘rotative’ architecture is provided, with results obtained just after the last Thermag V conference.

Field of study: Engineering
High-T/sub c/ superconducting quantum interference filters for sensitive magnetometers

We present several kinds of Superconducting Quantum Interference Filters (SQIFs) which are all realized with high-T/sub c/ superconductors. All SQIFs use the same configuration of 30 loops of different size. The properties of these SQIF types - serial arrays, parallel arrays, and a combination of both - are discussed concerning their usefulness for magnetometry. These properties are the formation of the desired single voltage peak, its peak voltage and full width at half maximum, and the magnetic field noise. Concerning all parameters an improvement can be achieved with SQIFs of all types compared to a single SQUID.

Field of study: Physics
ENERGY BANDS SPLITTING IN THE KOHMOTO MODEL

Peierls gap is analized in case of a two-dimensional lattice under the influence of a magnetic field, in a tight-binding approximation. By using a non-analytic class of potentials, such as the Kohmoto potential in the Harper model, splitting effect occurs in the energy bands. In the metalinsulator transition point, the charge carriers become separated due to their energy, releasing and expanding the Peierls gap. As a result, the energy bands around the Fermi level become localized in case of the electrons and delocalized coresponding to the holes, since their energy become lowered. These facts are supported by numerical investigations.

Field of study: Physics
Ruling Sexuality: The Political Legitimacy of Isabel of Castile*

This article examines the gendered construction of power during the reign of Isabel of Castile (1474-1504). The construction of her political legitimacy was based on her manipulation of her gender and sexuality intended to contrast with the perceived shortcomings of her brother, Enrique IV. Enrique's critics had impugned his sexuality and attacked his inability to deliver Spain into a golden age. By aligning Isabel with sexually chaste models and emphasizing her ability to redeem Spain both because of and despite her gender, Isabel's partisans crafted an image that allowed her to transcend the misogynist tropes that attacked female rule.

Field of study: History