nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Compared with Dalteparin and Unfractionated Heparin on Human Osteoblasts

Osteoporosis is a relevant problem after long term administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin. Melagatran is a representative of a new group of direct thrombin inhibitors with comparable data in the prevention of thromboembolic events after orthopaedic surgery. The aim of our in vitro study was to investigate the effect of a direct thrombin inhibitor compared with dalteparin and UFH on human osteoblasts.  Melagatran, dalteparin and UFH were added to primary osteoblast cultures in their therapeutic range and two decimal powers below and above. Cell number, protein synthesis, mitochondrial and alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I synthesis were evaluated.  Melagatran showed the least influence on protein synthesis and cell proliferation with a reduction of cell number to 83.5 ± 9% (p = 0.027) of the control group only in the highest investigated concentration after 15 days of incubation. Mitochondrial and alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I synthesis in osteoblasts incubated with melagatran and dalteparin showed similar patterns. UFH showed the most pronounced influence on cellular metabolism.  Melagatran showed less inhibitory in vitro effects on human osteoblasts than dalteparin or UFH. The presented study gives first hints that direct thrombin inhibitors may help prevent heparin-induced negative effects on bone metabolism.

Field of study: Medicine
Erratum: Enhanced localized energetic-ion losses resulting from single-pass interactions with Alfvén Eigenmodes (Physical Review Letters (2013) 110 (065004))

Author(s): Chen, X; Austin, ME; Fisher, RK; Heidbrink, WW; Kramer, GJ; Nazikian, R; Pace, DC; Petty, CC; Van Zeeland, MA

Field of study: Physics
Influence of surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance on enzyme properties.

Two different enzyme surface modifications were carried out in order to alter the protein hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance in opposite directions and to observe the effects induced on enzyme properties. First, a novel chemoenzymatic glycosylation method was applied, which resulted in a higher enzyme surface hydrophilic character. Then, an amphiphilic polymer, PEG, was bound to the enzymes by chemical means, and it brought about an increase in the global hydrophobic character. Two different enzymes, alpha-chymotrypsin and Candida rugosa lipase, were studied, and in all cases, several degrees of modification were obtained. Then, the modified biocatalysts were thoroughly investigated, and the influence of the variation of surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance on hydrolytic activity, hydrolysis kinetic parameters, synthetic activity and thermal stability was assessed.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Geochemistry of Late Proterozoic amphibolites and ultramafic rocks, southeastern Canadian Cordillera

Late Proterozoic amphibolites and ultramafic rocks from the southeastern Canadian Cordillera have been analysed for major and trace elements in order to determine the nature and origin of the protoliths. Geologic relations indicate that these rocks were produced during an episode of continental rifting in the Precambrian. Based on rare-earth-element (REE) patterns, immobile-incompatible-element ratios, and characteristic elemental abundances, amphibolites are subdivided into alkaline and tholeiitic metabasalts. Alkaline basalts are recognized by their steep REE patterns, high Zr/Y, high TiO2 and P2O5 abundances, and low Y/Nb and Ti/Zr. Tholeiitic basalts are subdivided into three groups: (I) high-Mg#, high-field-strength-element (HFSE)-depleted, light-REE (LREE)-enriched tholeiites with flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns; (II) LREE-enriched tholeiites depleted in HREE; and (III) low-Mg# tholeiites with flat REE patterns. Ultramafic rocks occur as boudins of partially recrystallized Cr-spinel-bearing harzburgi...

Field of study: Environmental science
Statistical Analysis of Public Lending Right Loans

The public lending right (PLR) operation involves complete records of all issues from a small sample of public libraries. The extensive data thereby accumulated is the basis of various statistical analyses all of which are primarily concerned with the problem of estimating the precision of the PLR estimates of total issues per author. In addition to methods for constructing and assessing confidence intervals for total issues for each author, there are investigations aimed at describing and explaining the large variation between libraries, analyses of the pattern of title incidence in libraries and consideration of alternative sampling schemes.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Studing on the Interesting Measures of Mining Association Rules in Data Mining

Mining association rules is an important aspect of the study of data mining,and one of the important problems is the evaluation of interestingness of the discovered rules.Past research has found that in many real-life applications it is easy to generate a large number of rules from databases.But most of them are not useful or interesting to the user.Two aspects ofthe measures ofinterestingness are discussed in this paper.Such measures ofinterestingness are divided into objective measures and subjective measures.At last the paper introduces how to mining interesting rules in databases through templates.

Field of study: Computer science
A magnetoresistance device based on a magnetic-barrier nanostructure

A magnetoresistance device is proposed in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by a magnetic barrier, which can be realized experimentally by the deposition of two parallel ferromagnetic strips on the top and bottom of a GaAs heterostructure. A considerable magnetoresistance effect is found in this device, due to the significant difference between electronic transmissions through parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations.

Field of study: Materials science
Isotopic differences of charge distributions of even isotopes of tin

Isotopic variation of rms charge radii of even isotopes of tin (112–124) has been calculated on the basis of an average one body potential. The potential parameters were optimized in the lead region after taking the effect of core polarisation into consideration. The optimized potential parameters were then interpolated in the tin region. Single particle (-hole) energies along with the orbit radius have also been calculated. Comparison with experimental results show very good agreement. The calculated charge distributions after the usual corrections were subjected to model independent Fourier-Bessel analysis from where Fourier-Bessel coefficients have been extracted. Results of rms charge radii show that this phenomenological approach gives a very good description of the experimental situation.

Field of study: Physics
The Effect of Humor Styles of Pregnant Women on Distress

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pregnant women’s humor styles on distress.  A descriptive study was conducted on pregnant women who have applied to the Maternity Hospital Non-stress Test unit in the city of Erzurum from 1 August 2014 to 31 December 2014. A total of 301 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Data were collected using the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) and Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). For statistical analysis, percentages, means, and Pearson, r correlation were used.  There was a negative (r= -0.149, p=0.01) relationship between a self-enhancing humor style and distress level. A negative significant correlation was found between the partner involvement sub-dimension and participatory (r= -0.270, p=0.000), self-enhancing (r= -0.289, p=0.000) and self-destructive humor styles (r= -0.156, p=0.007). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between an aggressive humor style and the negative emotion sub-dimension (r=0.136, p=0.018).  As a result of the study, it was determined that the use of positive humor styles by pregnant women was higher and their distress levels were low. Furthermore, as the use of a positive humor style increased, the level of distress decreased.

Field of study: Medicine
kong zhi xue tang da biao dui tang niao bing he bing ji xing nao geng si zhi liao de liao xiao ying xiang

患者均进行系统控制血压、血脂、抗凝、活化脑细胞、营养脑神经、改善脑微循环、支持对症治疗。根据患者血糖情况分为3组：高血糖1组41例患者,空腹血糖>8.0 mmol/L,高血糖2组43例患者,空腹血糖6.1~8.0mmol/L,血糖控制达标组52例患者,空腹血糖4.4~6.0 mmol/L。观察3组患者近期疗效欧洲脑卒中量表(ESS)、日常生活活动能力评价(ADL)评分改善情况。结果血糖控制达标组及高血糖2组患者近期疗效的ESS及ADL评分情况明显优于高血糖1组,血糖控制达标组、高血糖2组患者与高血糖1组患者近期疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论糖尿病是与脑梗死相关性较大的疾病之一,在治疗脑梗死的同时,积极进行控制血糖治疗也是必要的,血糖控制达标或血糖控制8.0 mmol/L以下能明显提高治疗糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效。

Field of study: Medicine
Epiphytic lichens as indicators of environmental quality in Rome.

A synthesis of the studies on lichen diversity carried out in Rome over the period 1982-2003 is presented. In this work, the Lichen Diversity (LD) method has been applied. Besides air pollution, the most important variable affecting the epiphytic lichen flora of Rome, currently updated to 102 taxa, is the influence of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Significant changes in the lichen flora have been noted over the past 20 years, with the lowest diversity now being found in the urban centre and in the eastern and southern sectors, while the "lichen desert" area has decreased in parallel with decreasing concentrations of CO, NO(x) and SO2.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis on single nucleotide polymorphism of MSTN gene exon 1 in 4 cattles

Polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to identify the exon 1 of myostatin gene(MSTN) mutation in Wandong, Wannan, Wagyu and Simmental cattle populations. The results showed that an A→G mutation was occur at position 267 in exon 1 which caused no amino acid change, and 3 types of genotypes(AA and AG, GG) were found. A allelic gene was superiority in the cattle populations. It was moderate polymorphisms in the tested 4 populations. The chi-square test showed that Wandong, Wannan and Wagyu cattle populations in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P0.05) and Simmental in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium(P0.05).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Performance evaluation of iterative tomography algorithms for incomplete projection data.

Projection data obtained through optical techniques for tomographic measurements, such as interferometry for refractive-index-based measurements, are often incomplete. This is due to limitations in the optical system, data storage, and alignment and vignette issues. Algebraic iterative reconstruction techniques are usually favored for such incomplete projections. A number of iterative algorithms, based on additive and multiplicative corrections, are used with a known simulated phantom and noise source to assess the reconstruction performance of incomplete data sets. In addition, we present reconstructions using experimental data obtained from a coherent gradient sensing interferometer for a steady temperature field in a fluid medium. We tested the algorithms using the simulated data set for incompleteness conditions similar to those found in the experimental data, and the best-performing algorithm is identified.

Field of study: Physics
Heteroleptic Pt(II)-dithiolene-based Colorimetric Chemosensors: Selectivity Control for Hg(II) Ion Sensing

Hg2+ ions can accumulate in the natural environment and in organisms, where they cause damage to the central nervous system. Therefore, the detection of Hg2+ ions is essential for monitoring environmental contamination and human health. Herein, we demonstrate a simple method for tuning chemosensor signal ratios that significantly increased chemosensor selectivity for Hg2+ detection. Selectivity tuning was accomplished for chemosensors of the type (diphosphine)Pt(dmit), bearing the two different terminal groups 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and 1,2-bis[bis(pentafluorophenyl)phosphino]ethane) (dfppe) due to the modulation of specific intermolecular interactions between the dmit ligand and Hg2+ ion. The structure exhibited a large pseudo-Stokes shift, which was advantageous for the internal reference signal and for eliminating potential artifacts. Straightforward chain-end manipulation enabled the tuning of chemosensor properties without additional chemical alterations. Based on these findings, we propose a new platform for improving the selectivity and sensitivity of colorimetric cation sensors. The results of this study will facilitate the designing of organic materials whose certain properties can be enhanced through precise control of the materials’ chemical hybridization by simple functional end-group manipulation.

Field of study: Materials science
SU‐E‐T‐36: A GPU‐Accelerated Monte‐Carlo Dose Calculation Platform and Its Application Toward Validating a ViewRay Beam Model

To build a fast, accurate and easily-deployable research platform for Monte-Carlo dose calculations. We port the dose calculation engine PENELOPE to C++, and accelerate calculations using GPU acceleration. Simulations of a Co-60 beam model provided by ViewRay demonstrate the capabilities of the platform.  We built software that incorporates a beam model interface, CT-phantom model, GPU-accelerated PENELOPE engine, and GUI front-end. We rewrote the PENELOPE kernel in C++ (from Fortran) and accelerated the code on a GPU. We seamlessly integrated a Co-60 beam model (obtained from ViewRay) into our platform. Simulations of various field sizes and SSDs using a homogeneous water phantom generated PDDs, dose profiles, and output factors that were compared to experiment data.  With GPU acceleration using a dated graphics card (Nvidia Tesla C2050), a highly accurate simulation – including 100*100*100 grid, 3×3×3 mm3 voxels, <1% uncertainty, and 4.2×4.2 cm2 field size – runs 24 times faster (20 minutes versus 8 hours) than when parallelizing on 8 threads across a new CPU (Intel i7-4770). Simulated PDDs, profiles and output ratios for the commercial system agree well with experiment data measured using radiographic film or ionization chamber. Based on our analysis, this beam model is precise enough for general applications.  Using a beam model for a Co-60 system provided by ViewRay, we evaluate a dose calculation platform that we developed. Comparison to measurements demonstrates the promise of our software for use as a research platform for dose calculations, with applications including quality assurance and treatment plan verification.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
A Fair Data Transmission Strategy in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

When Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) transmit large amounts of data, the collisions of link layer increase, and it causes that the traffic load of link is heavier. These situations could easily lead to network data loss, unfair channel competition and unfair data transmis - sion. In order to reduce collisions and improve the reliability and fairness of data transmission, Time Distance Ratio (TDR) and underwater fairness transmission are presented, and this paper proposes a Fair Data Transmission Strategy (FDTS) for UASNs, which consists of queue management, transmission control and competition waiting. It focuses on considering the fairness of data transmission and enhancing network performance in case of network congestion. Simulation results show that when network load is heavier, FDTS not only effectively improve the fairness of data transmission and the success rate of delivery but also reduce end-to-end delay, average energy consumption and TDR of packets

Field of study: Computer science
The discs of Avalon: Relating discoid fossils to frondose organisms in the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada

The oldest members of the Ediacara biota include discoid and frondose forms. The fronds have been well described, but little has been done to quantify the relationship between the discoid fossils and the discoid holdfasts of fronds. Fossil surfaces from the middle Ediacaran of southeastern Newfoundland preserve fronds directly attached to their discoid holdfasts, along with numerous specimens of the isolated discoid fossils Aspidella and Hiemalora of less certain affinities. However, most specimens of Aspidella in Newfoundland are known from Fermeuse-style preservation of the base of discs, whereas most Mistaken Point fronds are known from Conception-style preservation of the tops of discs, hindering direct comparison of these fossils. The Discovery Surface on Bonavista Peninsula preserves both basal and top views of Aspidella-type discs on the same fossil surface, and thus serves as a morphological link between these preservational modes and permits reconstruction of these circular holdfasts in three-dimensions. We find a significant positive correlation between disc size and frond size within each frondose species, which is consistent with the purported function as holdfasts, tethering the frondose organisms to the seafloor. This supports the notion that discoid fossils relatable to Aspidella and its junior synonyms, and to Hiemalora, are the holdfasts of frondose forms whose petalodia escaped preservation, and not whole organisms or microbial colonies as has been suggested by some authors.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
LncRNA LUCRC Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis by Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is well known for its strong invasiveness, rapid recurrence, and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the development of various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Here, through transcriptomic analysis and functional screening, we reported that lncRNA LUCRC (LncRNA Upregulated in Colorectal Cancer) is highly expressed in colorectal tumor samples and is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cultured cells and tumorigenesis in xenografts. LUCRC was found to regulate target gene expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as BIP. The clinical significance of LUCRC is underscored by the specific presence of LUCRC in blood plasma of patients with colorectal cancers. These findings revealed a critical regulator of colorectal cancer development, which might serve as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

Field of study: Biology
Late Development of Diabetes mellitus after Interferon-Alfa and Ribavirin Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C: A Case Report

To report the late development of immune-mediated diabetes mellitus after completion of alfa-interferon therapy for hepatitis C in an Asian patient.  A 50-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C received treatment with alfa-interferon and ribavirin for 52 weeks. He developed immune-mediated diabetes mellitus with low C-peptide and positive antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody after completion of therapy. The hepatitis C infection was eradicated, but he continued to be diabetic requiring insulin therapy during the follow-up.  This report shows thatimmune-mediateddiabetes mellitus can occur as a late complication of alfa-interferon therapy.

Field of study: Medicine
The Publius Paradox

At the Philadelphia convention assembled to draft a new Constitution, Alexander Hamilton argued “[e]stablish a weak government and you must at times overleap the bounds. Rome was obliged to create dictators.” Publius then expands upon this argument in several ways in the Federalist. I suggest that Publius identifies a dynamic or mechanism, the “Publius Paradox,” that warrants great attention: Under particular conditions, excessive weakness of government may become excessive strength. If the bonds of constitutionalism are drawn too tightly, they will be thrown off altogether when circumstances warrant. After illustrating and then analysing this “Publius Paradox,” I will turn briefly to its implications, the main one being that constitutional law should be cast as a loosely-fitting garment — particularly the executive component of the constitution and the scope of executive powers.

Field of study: Law
Microbiota in non-flooded and flooded rice culms.

Rice plants are the habitat for large and diverse populations of microbes, which play important roles on rice health and productivity. However, the response of microbiome on rice culm to water flooding is poorly understood. In this study, the bacterial community on non-flooded (RSA) and flooded (RSB) rice culms was investigated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that RSA and RSB had significantly distinct bacterial communities. In RSA, Gammaproteobacteria and Pantoea were the most abundant class (57%), genus (37.06%), respectively, while in RSB, the most abundant phylum and genus was Firmicutes (54%) and Bacillus (52.63%), respectively. Compared with RSA, the abundance of 27 genera significantly increased and 21 genera significantly decreased in RSB, and some remarkably changed species, such as Aeromonas, Bacillus were identified, which are sensitive to non-flooded or flooded conditions. In addition, rare operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was much more than abundant OTUs in all samples, and RSB had significantly higher bacterial richness than RSA due to having more rare taxa. Our study would advance the insights into the microbiome of rice culms and its response to flooding, which would help to identify potential beneficial bacteria for improving crop health and sustainable productivity in agroecosystems.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
For Life in Their Time

W E ARE a people of action. Action is external, but external action proceeds from within, from our feeling and our thinking, and whatever conditions these springs of action controls our destiny. Religion having by constitutional mandate been excluded from the sphere of state activity, education remains the most vitally significant of all state functions. It affects the present and determines the future. It underlies all other concerns of public polity-convenience, progress, welfare, even justice. As the twig is bent, so grows the tree. The leadership of our state's largest educational institution is a solemn responsibility of which I am deeply conscious. I accept the responsibility, not in reliance upon my own strength, nor even upon the cooperative strength and wisdom of the company of scholars who will labor with me. I believe this university to be an instrument of social progress, and I accept its leadership in reliance upon that unseen Power which gives to man his ceaseless yearning for a better life. Weighty though the burden, I am happy to bear it in association with the people of my native state. Their friendly loyalty and their loyal friendship are a tradition-and a prophecy. "Verily the lines are fallen unto us in pleasant places." But we in Ohio would not live unto ourselves alone; we would not if we could. This present occasion is an earnest of our desire to reach out toward the fellowship of scholars everywhere. We mean to bear our part in the broad advance of learning. We shall strive to sense the rhythm of the march. We are grateful to you and to the institutions you represent for the friendly interest which your presence here bespeaks. The people of Ohio at great cost

Field of study: Education