nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of a Cobaltocenium/ferrocene Bilayer-like Film Acting as a Solid State Diode

Two-step electropolymerization involving reduction of Fe(C5H4CH2Cl)2 catalyzed by a poly[Co(C5CH4Cl=CHCHO)2]+/0 electrode film affords a cobaltocenium/ferrocene bilayer-like film. A device fabricated by sandwiching this film between electrodes shows diode-like i-V characteristics under a dry nitrogen atmosphere.

Field of study: Chemistry
Background value of soil nutritive elements in tea gardens in the north of Sichuan Province

By using the ICP-AES,the content of 16 kinds of inorganic nutritive elements were mensurated for the soils of 133 tea gardens in 25 counties or sections in the north of Sichuan Province,the characters of the background value of nutritive elements were emphasized.The result showed that the contents of S,P,K,Ca and Ti were all inadequate evidently.Sb and Se were enrichment relatively,the coefficients of enrichment were 9.47 and 5.38 respectively.The content of other elements such as Al,Mg,Mn were corresponded to the background of soil in China.The background value of nutritive elements changed in the different soils.Sb and Zn were significant differently for the different soils.The content of S and Sb were high in the gritstone soil,K,Mg,Ca,Se,Ti were high in the acidic purple soil,the Al and Mo were high in the yellow soil,and the P,Mn,V,B,Zn,Co and N were high in the brown soil,respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Furrowed mud waves on the western Bermuda Rise

A deep-tow sonar and photographic survey of 75 km 2 of the western Bermuda Rise, supported by limited coring and bottom-current measurements, mapped several types of bed forms molded by a northeasterly Antarctic Bottom Water current. Large-scale mud waves as much as 30 m high and 4 to 6 km apart are oriented 30° to the left of the mean current, and preferential deposition on their northwest faces has caused slow migration in that direction. Most of these faces have been dissected by straight parallel troughs or large furrows, as much as 50 m wide and 10 m deep, which form strips of roughened sea floor with anomalously high acoustic bottom loss. The “smooth” sea bed on the opposite faces of the mudwaves is lineated by lower amplitude, closely spaced “small furrows.” The distribution of these intermediate-scale, furrow bed forms may correlate with variations in sediment erodibility or in current strength over the surface of the large-scale mud waves. Some recent current ripples, tool marks, and current-smoothed sea bed indicate continued local current activity. However, the site is exposed to variable and generally weak bottom currents, which now may only maintain furrows that formed under a different flow regime.

Field of study: Geology
Development of a Stress-Inducible Controlled Expression (SICE) system in Lactococcus lactis for the production and delivery of therapeutic molecules at mucosal surfaces.

In recent years, recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used as safe mucosal delivery vectors. Herein, we report on the development of a Stress-Inducible Controlled Expression (SICE) system in L. lactis for the production and delivery of proteins of health interest (both therapeutic and vaccine related) at mucosal surfaces. This system is episomal in nature and is composed of a vector carrying an expression cassette under the transcriptional control of a stress-inducible promoter. The functionality of the SICE system was validated in vivo using two different routes of administration: oral and intranasal, and in two different murine models of human pathologies: (i) a model of therapy against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and (ii) a model of vaccination against human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16).

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
An efficient heuristic for selecting active nodes in wireless sensor networks

Energy saving is a paramount concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A strategy for energy saving is to cleverly manage the duty cycle of sensors, by dynamically activating different sets of sensors while non-active nodes are kept in a power save mode. We propose a simple and efficient approach for selecting active nodes in WSNs. Our primary goal is to maximize residual energy and application relevance of selected nodes to extend the network lifetime while meeting application-specific QoS requirements. We formalize the problem of node selection as a knapsack problem and adopt a greedy heuristic for solving it. An environmental monitoring application is chosen to derive some specific requirements. Analyses and simulations were performed and the impact of various parameters on the process of node selection was investigated. Results show that our approach outperforms a naive scheme for node selection, achieving large energy savings while preserving QoS requirements.

Field of study: Computer science
Vertically Aligned Al-Doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays as Efficient Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In this communication, we report on the synthesis of vertically aligned aluminium (Al)-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) nanowire (NW) thin films on FTO-coated glass substrates and their use as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Very thin Al layers (∼3 nm, ∼6 nm and ∼10 nm) were deposited onto chemically synthesized ZnO nanowire film by electron-beam evaporation. The films were then subjected to rapid thermal annealing to incorporate different amounts of Al (∼0.98 at.%, 1.94 at.% and ∼2.89 at.%) into the ZnO nanowires. Optical, microstructural and compositional study of the films confirmed the growth of highly transparent and well-aligned ZnO:Al nanowires with a hexagonal crystal structure. The basic DSSC structure was fabricated using both undoped ZnO nanowire and ZnO:Al nanowire thin films as photoanode. In both cases, commercially available N3 dye was used as a photosensitizer, iodide/tri-iodide solution as electrolyte and FTO-coated glass as counter electrode. A significant increase in short-circuit current was observed, from 1.3 mA cm −2 for the pristine ZnO nanowire film-based DSSC to 4.4 mA cm −2 for the ZnO:Al (2.89 at.%) nanowire film-based DSSC. The overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) was also found to increase from 0.13% (for pristine ZnO nanowire thin film) to 0.49% for the ZnO:Al thin film-based DSSC.

Field of study: Materials science
First insights into the microbiome of a carnivorous sponge.

Using 454 pyrosequencing, we characterized for the first time the associated microbial community of the deep-sea carnivorous Demosponge Asbestopluma hypogea (Cladorhizidae). Targeting the 16S rRNA gene V3 and V6 hypervariable regions, we compared the diversity and composition of associated microbes of two individual sponges of A. hypogea freshly collected in the cave with surrounding seawater and with one sponge sample maintained 1 year in an aquarium after collection. With more than 22 961 high quality sequences from sponge samples, representing c. 800 operational taxonomic units per sponge sample at 97% sequence similarities, the phylogenetic affiliation of A. hypogea-associated microbes was assigned to 20 bacterial and two archaeal phyla, distributed into 45 classes and 95 orders. Several differences between the sponge and seawater microbes were observed, highlighting a specific and stable A. hypogea microbial community dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and Thaumarchaeota phyla. A high relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and a dominance of sulfate oxidizing/reducing bacteria were observed. Our findings shed lights on the potential roles of associated microbial community in the lifestyle of A. hypogea.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Gauss type preconditioning techniques for linear systems

Many researchers have considered preconditioners chosen to eliminate the off-diagonal elements of the coefficient matrix of a linear system. In this work, we generalize the left Gauss type preconditioners [Y. Zhang, T.Z. Huang, X.P. Liu, Modified iterative methods for nonnegative matrices and M-matrices linear systems,  (2005) 1587–1602] which eliminate the strictly lower triangular elements. Right Gauss type preconditioners that eliminate strictly upper triangular elements are proposed in this paper. These Gauss type preconditioners are partly derived from the LU factorization method. Theoretic analysis on spectral radii of the two kinds of Gauss type preconditioners is given. Numerical experiments are used to show the performance of the improved inbuilt left and right Gauss type preconditioning algorithms associated with Jacobi type and Gauss–Seidel type iterative methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
Single daily dose treatment of psychiatric patients with phenothiazine derivatives.

The development and technique, in this hospital, of administering phenothiazine derivatives to psychiatric patients in single daily doses is described. The types of patient treated by this method are reported together with the criteria used in assessing the results of the treatment. The overall results were 23 very good, 28 good, 29 fair, 5 no change and 1 worse. The incidence of side-effects was found to be low, occurring in 14 per cent. of the patients. These results are discussed together with the possible disadvantages of the methods and the advantages which were found to accrue during the nine months over which the study was conducted.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Ontario's Mustard Report: Its Implications For Family Physicians.

IN AN ISSUE DEVOTED TO THE THEME OF RUNNING A PRACTICE: Politics, Philosophy and Economics, it's necessary to look at current developments which may change methods of practice. The following article is drawn from several sources: firstly, there are direct quotations from sections of the Ontario Report of the Health Planning Task Force which deal specifically with primary care; secondly, there are comments from Dr. Fraser Mustard, chairman of the Task Force, made to delegates of the College's Ontario Chapter at a special workshop convened in Toronto to look at the Chapter's role in speaking for that province's family physicians. Finally, College member Dr. Martin Humphrys, himself a member of the Task Force, comments on some of the implications for family practice as he sees them.

Field of study: Medicine
Develonment and application of TaqMan MGB probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for rapid detection of Helicobacter hepaticus

To develop a TaqMan MGB probe-based,sensitive and specific real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for rapid detection of Helicobacter hepaticus. Primers and probes specific toflaB gene of Helicobacter hepaticus were designed.A TaqMan MGB probe-based,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was established.The specificity,sensitivity and stability of the assay were assassed.Then,the established TaqMan MGB probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was applied to detect Helicobacter hepaticus in 1081 clinical specimens during 2008-2011,compared with bacterial isolation and culture method and conventional PCR assay. The specificity of this established TaqMan MGB probe-based real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was high and there were no cross-reactivity with Helicobacter pylori,Campylobacter jejuni,Clostridium piliforme,Pasteurella pneumotropica,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The detection limits was 8.3 copies.The correlation coefficient and slope value of standard curve were 0.999 and -3.227,respectively and the efficiency of TaqMan MGB-based probe realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was 100％.The TaqMan MGB-based probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and conventional PCR were preformed to detect Helicobacter hepaticus in 1081 clinical specimens,a total of 86 specimens were positive for Helicobacter hepaticus.However,there was only 4 specimens were positive by bacteria isolation and culture method.The results showed that TaqMan MGB -based probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for Helicobacter hepaticas was more sensitive than bacteria isolation and culture method,and it could detect Helicobacter hepaticus DNA from clinical specimens directly,and detection time is only 2 hours. The TaqMan MGB-based probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was a reliable,specific,sensitive and useful tool for rapid detection of Helicobacter hepaticus. 
 
 
Helicobacter hepaticus;  Minor groove binder (MGB) probe;  Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR;  Detection

Field of study: Biology
Self-consistent calculations of the electric giant dipole resonances in light and heavy nuclei.

While bulk properties of stable nuclei are successfully reproduced by mean-field theories employing effective interactions, the dependence of the centroid energy of the electric giant dipole resonance on the nucleon number A is not. This problem is cured by considering many-particle correlations beyond mean-field theory, which we do within the quasiparticle time blocking approximation. The electric giant dipole resonances in 16O, 40Ca, and 208Pb are calculated using two new Skyrme interactions.

Field of study: Physics
The Market Reaction to the Appointment of Women on Corporate Boards: Evidence from the Italian Listed Companies

During the 2012-2016 period, a large number of Italian companies appointed women directors in their boards, an unusual and unpredictable fact in the Italian industrial system. This paper investigates if any significant reaction has consequently occurred in the Italian stock market. It assumes that a significant market reaction would indicate the investors view the female board members as a strategic value added at the decision making level. To achieve the objective, it was collected a database consisting of 76 appointments of women directors in 67 Italian listed companies over the period 2012-2016 and then it was investigated the stock price performance of those companies in that five years span. The research hypothesis is examined empirically through the event study methodology in order to check the existence of abnormal returns on the appointment of women directors. Findings suggest that investors do not strongly believe that the simple appointment of women directors would have a positive effect on the future performance of firms.

Field of study: Business
The Fresh Ideas in the Receivable Account Guarantee Principle

As to small and medium-sized enterprises, whose account receivable transferred to the bank, realize selling and withdrawing form circulation ahead of time win convenient financing. and they can raise convenient first financing channel more. Enterprises of funds or account can transfer the account receivable which sell the goods on credit conditionally to the bank and the bank provides funds to enterprises with taking charge of managing. With pressing for assuring with the bad account, enterprises can borrow this and retrieve funds on account to accelerate the turnover of the fund.

Field of study: Economics
Ice-slurry production using direct contact heat transfer

An ice slurry generation system was developed using direct contact heat transfer between water and the coolant, Fluroinert FC-84. The location of the coolant nozzle is an important design consideration to avoid clogging due to freezing of water. An ice fraction of up to about 40 percent was obtained with the nozzle located at the bottom of the ice slurry tank and the jet directed upwards into the water. Two simplified model were developed to extract the heat transfer coefficient between the coolant drops and the water. The first model requires as input the average drop diameter and the residence time while the second model uses the measured drop diameter distribution. The estimated heat transfer coefficients are much smaller than those computed using single-sphere correlations.

Field of study: Engineering
Electronic Transitions and Dispersion Parameters of Annealed TiO 2 Films Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation Technique

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were successfully grown on glass substrates using vacuum evaporation technique. Optical measurements were studied by UV-VIS technique in the wavelength ranges 300–900 nm. The optical properties and dispersion parameters of the films have been studied as a function of annealing temperature, results show that the annealing temperature has a significant effect on the transparency of the thin films. The optical energy gap decreased from 3.25 to 2.95 eV as the annealing temperature increases to 250 � C. The density of localized states increased by this process and causes an expanding in the Urbach tail and consequently decreases the energy gap. The changes in dispersion parameters and Urbach tails were investigated. The single-oscillator parameters have been reported.

Field of study: Materials science
Leaky polarizing beam splitter with adjustable leak ratio for operation in the wavelength range of 440-690 nm.

We discuss the optomechanical design and fabrication of a novel wideband (440-690-nm), leaky polarizing beam splitter with an adjustable leak ratio. This beam splitter is an important component of a multiwavelength dynamic testbed that we have constructed for testing optical disks. The multilayer thin-film structure of the beam splitter is essentially a stacked pair of narrow-band dielectric reflectors that have been fine tuned for optimal performance. The characteristics of the fabricated device are in good agreement with our theoretical calculations.

Field of study: Physics
PALYNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

A brief survey of the possibilities and problems of palynology as a contributor to the progress of palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology is presented. Also shown is how these fields and other branches of the earth sciences which contribute to environmental geology may, in their turn, help to advance palynology. The paper constitutes an introductory text to a collection of papers which fill a special issue of the journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, entitled “Palynological contributions to environmental geology”.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
The Art of Administration. Flexibility and Modifiability Are Its Essential Characteristics.

On the wall of the administration building of almost any college or university there may be seen hanging the framed blue print, with its rectangles and connecting lines which schematically present "the channels of authority, responsibility and contact" which are, in their totality, the organization of the institution. It is a small school whose organization chart is so clear and simple that its meaning, and the relationship of the parts, can be grasped with brief study. In general, rather, the first glance gives the impression of a forbidding maze; there is an involved network of relationships. Much attention has been paid by administrators to the development of efficient systems of organization. Even as in the world of business, the chief executive of an educational institution knows that his ultimate purposes can be achieved only if he has a well-organized staff of subordinates. It is desirable to consider carefully the question of organization, but in doing so it should not be overlooked that charts and diagrams alone do not mean success. For every square on the blue print there is a human individual or group of individuals. There may be a science of administration, but there is also, paralleling it, the art of administration. The central problem in the art of administration is that of maintaining flexibility of organization. Two pertinent and preliminary truisms must be mentioned: as any social grouping grows in numbers (both of individuals and functions), the need for organization develops, and the organization becomes more intricate. The other truism is that organization patterns tend to become fixed, and rigidity of the pattern develops. It is this inflexibility that precludes necessary change or makes it difficult.

Field of study: Education
Provably Sublinear Point Multiplication on Koblitz Curves and Its Hardware Implementation

We describe algorithms for point multiplication on Koblitz curves using multiple-base expansions of the form k = Sigmaplusmntaua(tau-1)b and k = Sigmaplusmntaua(tau - mu)b(tau2 - mutau - 1)c. We prove that the number of terms in the second type is sublinear in the bit length of k, which leads to the first provably sublinear point multiplication algorithm on Koblitz curves. For the first type, we conjecture that the number of terms is sublinear and provide numerical evidence demonstrating that the number of terms is significantly less than that of tau-adic nonadjacent form expansions. We present details of an innovative FPGA implementation of our algorithm and performance data demonstrating the efficiency of our method. We also show that implementations with very low computation latency are possible with the proposed method because parallel processing can be exploited efficiently.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
芫花酯甲是蛋白激酶C Phorbol esters受体的特异性拮抗剂

本文用DE-52离子交换、Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤和phenyl-Sepharose亲和层析等柱层析,从大鼠脑中分离和纯化蛋白激酶C,并应用~3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate( 3 H-PdBu)结合蛋白激酶C的试验方法,研究了芫花酯甲对蛋白激酶C的结合特性。芫花酯甲对Ca 2+ ,PS激活蛋白激酶C催化组蛋白Ⅲ-s磷酸化无任何影响,但它可以完全拮抗在同样测试系统中PdBu对蛋白激酶C的激动作用,结果提示芫花酯甲与PdBu作用在蛋白激酶C的相同部位,是后者的特异性拮抗剂。

Field of study: Chemistry
Ben Pimlott Memorial Lecture 2018 The Women's Suffrage Movement in the Balfour Family.

Given on the centenary of women's suffrage, this lecture explores the tensions and conflicts the claim for the vote raised among elite women already enmeshed in parliamentary and political circles. Drawing on the unbuttoned and sometimes angry correspondence among A.J. Balfour's suffragist sisters-in-law Lady Frances Balfour and Lady Betty Balfour, Frances' collaborator (and suffragist leader) Millicent Fawcett, Lady Betty's militant suffragette sister Lady Constance Lytton, and their old friend (and wife of the anti-suffragist Prime Minister) Margot Asquith, it explores the appeal but also the costs of this democratic claim for such "incorporated" women - and explains why some nevertheless supported it.

Field of study: History
Isometric embedding of a smooth compact manifold with a metric of low regularity

Nash [7] proved that if GEC ~ there is an isometric embedding UECI(X, R N) provided that N>-n+2 and that there is a differentiable embedding of X in R N, in particular i f N~2n. Nash also indicated that the condition N>=n+2 could be weakened to N>=n+I, which was proved by Kuiper . It should be observed that (I. I) in local coordinates means n(n + I)/2 equations for N variables. For G E C k, k=>3, Nash [8] also showed that there is an embedding UECk(X,R N) if N>=n(3n+ll)/2. The condition on N has been improved for smooth metrics to N>--n(n+l)/2+3n+5 by Gromov and Rokhlin , who also gave lower estimates for the embedding dimension of the same order of magnitude for k_>-2. This result of Nash was extended by Jacobowitz  to HOlder classes H ~ with a > 2 , and he also showed that there are metrics GEH p, f l>2, such that (1.1) has no solution UEH~(35, RN), ~>~, for any N. The result of Nash--Kuiper shows in particular that there is always a local embedding of 35 in R n+l. Borisov  has announced that if G is analytic there is a local isometric embedding UEH'(X, R n+l) with any ~< 1 + 1/(n~+n + 1). Thus is close to 1 if n is large. The low regularity seems to be caused by the demand for a low codimension, for by permitting large values of N we shall prove

Field of study: Mathematics