nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Information Security Management System Efficiency with Organizational Agility Case Study: Isfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the system of information security management and organization agility in Mobarakeh Steel Company of Isfahan. The descriptive-correlational research method was used and the documentary method also was used to formulate the theoretical framework of the research. The statistical population included those expert, employees of Mobarakeh Steel Company who dealt with information systems in performing their work processes. The number of the aforementioned employees was reported to be 2150 in 2014. In this research, the Standard Organizational Agility Scale by Zhang and Sharifi and the substantive questionnaire of the system of information security management were employed. The obtained data was analyzed using statistical methods named correlation coefficient and one-way variance analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between the efficiency of the system of information security management and organizational agility at p=0.029 (p 0.05) significance level. The variance analysis showed no significant difference in the sample population’s perception of the relationship between the system of information security management and organizational agility in terms of variables including job position, years of service, and place of service. However, a significant difference was observed in terms of academic level.

Field of study: Business
Chronology of the pleistocene oxygen isotope record: 0–1.88 m.y. B.P

Detailed oxygen isotope records from various ocean basins and representing the last 1.88 m.y. are correlated using nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleomagnetic stratigraphy. These correlations establish the global nature of oxygen isotope stages 23 through 63 in the early Pleistocene to latest Pliocene. A composite isotope record for the last 1.88 m.y. reveals that the mid-Pleistocene change in climate regime was a complicated response that lasted from approximately 0.9 to 0.6 Ma and not a simple shift from one climate mode to another. The proposed chronology for the extended isotope stages provides a chronostratigraphic framework for detailed studies of paleoceanographic processes in the early Pleistocene and paves the way for application of oxygen isotope stratigraphy to early Pleistocene deep-sea and continental margin drilled sections.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Secure Similarity Coefficients Computation with Malicious Adversaries

Similarity coefficients play an important role in many application aspects. Recently, a privacy-preserving similarity coefficients protocol for binary data was proposed by Wong and Kim (Computers and Mathematics with Application 2012). In this paper, we show that their protocol is not secure, even in the semi-honest model, since the client can retrieve the input of the server without deviating from the protocol. Also we propose a secure similarity coefficients computation in the presence of malicious adversaries, and prove it using the standard simulation-based security definitions for secure two-party computation. We also discuss several extensions of our protocol for settling other problems. Technical tools in our protocol include zero-knowledge proofs and distributed ElG amal encryption.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
n Man wat sy melk ken

Na 22 jaar in die bedryf, kan Chris Vosloo met reg se dat hy melk ken. As voltydse melkboer sedert 1986, weet Vosloo dat om 'n produsentdistribueerder (PD) te wees bitter harde werk is, maar ook dat die vrugte van sukses baie soet smaak.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A novel strategy for dissecting goal-directed action and arousal components of motivated behavior with a progressive hold-down task.

Motivation serves 2 important functions: It guides actions to be goal-directed, and it provides the energy and vigor required to perform the work necessary to meet those goals. Dissociating these 2 processes with existing behavioral assays has been a challenge. In this article, we report a novel experimental strategy to distinguish the 2 processes in mice. First, we characterize a novel motivation assay in which animals must hold down a lever for progressively longer intervals to earn each subsequent reward; we call this the progressive hold-down (PHD) task. We find that performance on the PHD task is sensitive to both food deprivation level and reward value. Next, we use a dose of methamphetamine (METH) 1.0 mg/kg, to evaluate behavior in both the progressive ratio (PR) and PHD tasks. Treatment with METH leads to more persistent lever pressing for food rewards in the PR. In the PHD task, we found that METH increased arousal, which leads to numerous bouts of hyperactive responding but neither increases nor impairs goal-directed action. The results demonstrate that these tools enable a more precise understanding of the underlying processes being altered in manipulations that alter motivated behavior.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Perfectionism and burnout in R&D teams.

We evaluated whether previously reported latent profiles of burnout among health-care workers (Leiter & Maslach, 2016) would generalize to a new sample of research and development (R&D) workers. We also extended recent reviews (e.g., Harari, Swider, Steed, & Breidenthal, 2018) by using a multilevel approach to the study of perfectionism and burnout in R&D teams in Taiwanese companies. Following a stress-generation model, we examined the association between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and burnout based on data collected from 760 R&D employees and their 195 team leaders. The latent profiles that emerged differed more by level than kind; therefore, we implemented more parsimonious latent-variable modeling to test worker-level models involving perfectionistic strivings, concerns, and their interaction in predicting 3 dimensions of worker burnout. The latent interaction was significant only in the prediction of cynicism and revealed a general buffering effect of strivings on the negative effects of concerns. However, multilevel analyses that included leader perfectionism as a cross-level predictor revealed only conditional effects and no significant interactions. Overall, perfectionistic strivings had positive effects in association with lower levels of burnout, and perfectionistic concerns had negative effects and seemed to be a strong risk factor for burnout. High levels of perfectionistic concerns from leaders further increased the risk for 2 of the 3 dimensions of worker burnout. The results are discussed in light of theoretical and practical implications and future research into work-related contextual considerations, including culture and work environment, that might increase or decrease the effects of perfectionism on important outcomes.

Field of study: Psychology
Investigations on MgO-dielectric GaN/AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs by using an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition technique

This work investigates GaN/Al0.24Ga0.76N/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) grown on a Si substrate with MgO gate dielectric by using the non-vacuum ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD) technique. The oxide layer thickness is tuned to be 30 nm with the dielectric constant of 8.8. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), C–V, low-frequency noise spectra, and pulsed I–V measurements are performed to characterize the interface and oxide quality for the MOS-gate structure. Improved device performances have been successfully achieved for the present MOS-HEMT (Schottky-gate HEMT) design, consisting of a maximum drain-source current density (I DS, max) of 681 (500) mA/mm at V GS = 4 (2) V, I DS at V GS = 0 V (I DSS0) of 329 (289) mA/mm, gate-voltage swing (GVS) of 2.2 (1.6) V, two-terminal gate-drain breakdown voltage (BV GD) of −123 (−104) V, turn-on voltage (V on) of 1.7 (0.8) V, three-terminal off-state drain-source breakdown voltage (BV DS) of 119 (96) V, and on/off current ratio (I on/I off) of 2.5 × 108 (1.2 × 103) at 300 K. Improved high-frequency and power performances are also achieved in the present MOS-HEMT design.

Field of study: Materials science
Studies on the two-photon pumped upconverted fluorescence and superradiance of a new organic dye material in solutions.

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of a new organic dye, trans-4-[p-(N-ethyl-N-ethylamino)-styryl]-N-methyl-pyridinium tris(thiocyanato) cadmates (II), are reported in this paper. When pumped with a picosecond laser at the wavelength range of 850-1200 nm, intense upconversion fluorescence can be obtained. The upconversion efficiencies at different pump energies were measured when pumped with a 1064-nm laser beam from a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The highest upconversion efficiencies were measured to be 5.8% and 7.6% in dimethyl formamide (DMF) and methanol. The lifetime of the dye in DMF was measured to be 75 ps. The strongest nonlinear absorption was at the wavelength of 940 nm, and the highest upconversion efficiency was at the wavelength of 1030 nm. The difference of the two wavelengths was caused by excited state absorption in the dye at wavelengths shorter than 1000 nm. The dye solution in DMF and methanol show a clear optical power limiting effect.

Field of study: Physics
Reflection dependence on frequency of overmoded slow wave structure and the influence of resonant cavity

The reflection properties of the TM01,TM02 modes of the circular waveguide by overmoded SWS are investigated by solving the Sparameters matrix with the method of the finite element method, and the difference between the reflection characteristics of two ports due to the asymmetry because of the introduction of the resonant cavity into one end of the SWS are analyzed. The numerical calculation results show that the reflection to the TM01 mode inputted into the port without resonant cavity increases while the reflection to the TM01 mode inputted into the port with resonant cavity decreases. The reasons that the introduction of the resonant cavity can reduce the needed period number of the SWSs and enhance the output microwave power efficiency are also demonstrated.

Field of study: Physics
TU‐E‐110‐01: Inverse Geometry CT

Computed tomographic imaging has made tremendous progress in recent decades but challenges remain, including dose efficiency and avoiding cone beam artifacts in rapid volumetric imaging. The goal of this research is to explore Inverse Geometry CT (IGCT) as a potential solution to these problems. Rather illuminating the entire object with a single source, IGCT uses a distributed array of sources, each illuminating a portion of the volume. Two approaches have been studied, one using a scanned anode source (SS‐IGCT) and another using an array of discrete sources each with its own electron emitter (MS‐IGCT). The sequential illumination of subvolumes allows a “virtual bowtie” wherein each source has its own optimized intensity as a function of angle.  Results show that distributed sources in the axial direction can readily control cone beam artifacts. A gantry‐based MS‐IGCT system has been built and initial images have been collected. Compared to a conventional system, the virtual bowtie concept can significantly reduce effective dose for the same image quality. A key challenge with IGCT is achieving high x‐ray statistics since only a fraction of the object is illuminating in any instant. Thus, the method is well suited to lower dose scanning.  IGCT uses distributed x‐ray sources to ensure sufficient sampling and to sculpt the illuminating x‐ray field. Initial results are promising. Research sponsored by GE Healthcare. The learning objectives are to familiarize the audience with 1. Principles of Inverse Geometry CT (IGCT) 2. Advantages of IGCT 3. Challenges and disadvantages of IGCT 4. Progress in IGCT

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Riemannian Optimization and Approximate Joint Diagonalization for Blind Source Separation

We consider the blind source separation (BSS) problem and the closely related approximate joint diagonalization (AJD) problem of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices. These two problems can be reduced to an optimization problem with three key components: the criterion to minimize, the constraint on the solution, and the optimization algorithm to solve it. This paper contains two contributions that allow us to treat these issues independently. We build the first complete Riemannian optimization framework suited for BSS and AJD handling three classical constraints, and allowing to use a large panel of general optimization algorithms on manifolds. We also perform a thorough study of the AJD problem of SPD matrices from an information geometry point of view. We study AJD criteria based on several divergences of the set of SPD matrices, provide three optimization strategies to minimize them, and analyze their properties. Our numerical experiments on simulated and pseudoreal electroencephalographic data show the interest of the Riemannian optimization framework and of the different AJD criteria we consider.

Field of study: Engineering
Green and Orange Crystalline Forms of [VO{N-salicylidene-N′-3-ethoxysalicylidene-(R,R)-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine}], Separation of the Diastereomeric Pair, and Isomerization between Them in the Solid State

A pair of diastereomers, I and II, of the titled complex were separated by liquid chromatography, and each of them crystallized in two different colors, green and orange. I(green) and II(green) were assigned to a mononuclear square pyramidal structure, while I(orange) and II(orange) to a polynuclear linear chain structure. The orange complexes turned green by heating at 195 °C in a few minutes. All of the four complexes undergo isomerization at 195 °C in the solid state to give an equilibrium mixture, I : II ≈ 1 : 1.

Field of study: Chemistry
Poster — Thur Eve — 22: Monte Carlo Inverse Planning and Site‐Specific Integration in HDR Brachytherapy

In HDR brachytherapy, the presences of air gaps, bones and applicator are neglected in the TG43 dose calculation algorithm and therefore no commercial treatment planning system (TPS) can take into account these factors. This approximation could cause major dosimetric divergences. This work demonstrates the combine use of Monte Carlo(MC)dose calculations with inverse planning based on simulated annealing in order to incorporate heterogeneities at the optimization stage in brachytherapy. Each DK consists in an independent simulation with a full representation of the setup: CT‐based reconstruction of the patient anatomy and applicator model in Geant4. Two different HDR source model were used for the study: Nucletron's 192Ir microSelectron and the axxent electronic source (Xoft inc.), for 50 kVp. This method is tested with two different anatomies. The first one is an interstitial breast treatment and the second case is a rectum applicator boost. A research version of the inverse planning algorithm IPSA was chosen as the optimization method. IPSA reads and analyzes the DKs, replacing the TG43 formula for the cost function evaluation.  The impact of the water approximation is found to be energy dependent, with a greater effect for the x‐ray source compared to Iridium. For the breast case, an underdosage of 5.4 % versus 2% on the CTV V100 is found. These deviations are corrected using the MC approach.  This novel technique is shown to improve the dosimetry and the planning in HDR brachytherapy.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
On Glacial Phenomena in Canada

Introductory Note .—In the following paper, Canada means more than the narrow strip along the eastern part of the northern border of the United States, with which the name was once familiarly associated in the minds of the citizens of the latter country. Leaving out Alaska, Canada now means the northern half of this continent. The extent of the area in the northern hemisphere which has undergone glaciation during the drift period has now been pretty well ascertained, and the greater part of it proves to lie within the Dominion of Canada. Considering this fact and also the diversity in topography and climate presented by a country which stretches from the temperate zone to the north pole, it must be admitted that we Canadians have a splendid field for the study of the ancient glacial phenomena. In 1863 the writer prepared the chapter on surface geology in the “Geology of . . .

Field of study: Geology
Visualizing Medieval Medicine and Natural History, 1200–1550 (review)

eighteenth-century savants concerning resistance and stability were often particularly abstruse, involving complex relationships between abstract mathematical points that don’t really exist (like centers of gravity and buoyancy), described in the language of the calculus. The difficult nature of this subject matter would seem to have cried out for a chronological approach in which basic concepts could be patiently explained as they were introduced, debated, and later codified in mathematical terms. Here, the explanations of the crucial theoretical concepts generally lack depth and clarity, and are generally marred by a too-easy recourse to equations. The lack of attention to the explanations of theory may result from the author’s spreading himself too thin by misconstruing his subject. The main subject matter is buried under an avalanche of extraneous material on topics that, since no one can be expert on so many things, the author frequently mischaracterizes. This extraneous material includes a rambling first chapter purporting to give histories of all European navies, a very peculiar fifth chapter giving the tables of contents of books previously discussed in the text, and a weak sixth chapter purporting to describe the professionalization of naval architecture in numerous countries. This sixth chapter may offer a clue to the author’s misconception of his subject and the consequent disorganization of the book. All engineering professions have disciplinary histories. These are generally mythical. This book represents an attempt to retell the modern naval architect’s mythical disciplinary history in more detail than usual. The actual history would not fit into this straightjacket. The author (who is a naval architect) does not seem to realize this and structured his book accordingly. An intellectual biography of Bouguer would have been less ambitious, but much preferable. DAVID MCGEE Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Field of study: History
Components Analysis of Biochar Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

This study aims to establish a rapid quantitative analysis method for biochar based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. Near infrared spectra of 163 samples in the 10000–3800 cm–1 (1000–2632 nm) range were collected, and the contents of fixed carbon (FC), volatile matter (VM) and ash of samples were also analyzed. A partial least square (PLS) model for FC, VM and Ash was established after the model spectral ranges were optimized, the optimal factors were determined, and the raw spectra were pretreated by multiple scatter correction and second derivative (MSC + SD) method. Finally, the prediction performance of predictive model was evaluated. The results showed that the PLS model had a good prediction ability, and the predicted coefficient R2p of actual values vs prediction values for FC, VM and ash were 0.9423, 0.9517 and 0.9265, respectively. Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.1074, 0.1201 and 0.1243, and ratios of prediction to deviation (RPD) were 3.51, 4.28 and 2.03, respectively. The PLS model had good accuracy and precision for both of FC and VM, and could be used as a quantitative method for FC and VM contents analysis. Nevertheless, PLS model need to improve the precision for Ash analysis according to RPD value. This method provides a fast and effective technical means for the quantitative analysis of biochar components.

Field of study: Chemistry
Measurement of fusion excitation functions of 27, 29, 31Al + 197Au

A systematic study of the sub-barrier fusion reactions with neutron-rich projectiles has been carried out for three isotopes 27,29,31Al bombarding a 197Au target. A target chamber equipped with a target stack and sets of MWPC was employed in order to enhance the efficiency of the radioactive beam experiment. Coupled-channel calculations including the quadrupole excitations do not well fit the measured fusion excitation functions, whereas flat barrier distributions to represent the coupling to the neutron transfer largely account for the observed enhancement of the sub-barrier fusion cross-sections.

Field of study: Physics
Maldistribution in air-water heat pump evaporators. Part 2: Economic analysis of counteracting technologies

In this study a methodology is applied to quantify the effect of evaporator maldistribution on operating costs of air–water heat pumps. The approach is used to investigate the cost-effectiveness of two technologies enabling to counteract maldistribution: a flash gas bypass setup and the individual superheat control in parallel evaporator channels. In the total cost of ownership analysis, different scenarios for climatic conditions, severity of maldistribution, and economic framework are considered. Results show that the flash gas bypass system is cost-effective only in a few conditions, namely severe maldistribution, high electricity prices, and colder climate. Investment in the individual superheat control technology, however, can be quickly amortized in many scenarios. For the warmer climate zone with a small number of operating hours counteracting of maldistribution does not pay off under the used economic assumptions.

Field of study: Engineering
Cave deposits as a sedimentary trap for the Marine Isotope Stage 3 environmental record: The case study of Pod Hradem, Czech Republic

Pod Hradem Cave, located in the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic, offers an excellent opportunity for environmental reconstructions of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) in Central Europe due to its detailed sedimentary record dated 50,000 to 28,000 cal BP. Identifying the natural environments of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) transition is necessary to understand the settlement strategies and related behaviour of both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans, both of whom may have occupied the region at the same time. A multidisciplinary excavation was carried out between 2011 and 2016. Detailed analyses of the sediments, vertebrate microfauna, pollen and charcoal revealed minor but observable fluctuations in climate, with little change in the surrounding vegetation. The Pod Hradem palaeoenvironmental dataset is complex, but generally reflects a predominantly glacial climate with a range of vegetation types and habitats during the Late Pleistocene, followed by the warmer and more humid Holocene. The MUP transition as recorded in Pod Hradem Cave was a glacial environment interrupted by two relatively warmer periods. Central Europe experienced extreme climate fluctuations during MIS3, as recorded from different sedimentary archives, but it seems that the Pod Hradem Cave environment may have acted as a buffer zone, ameliorating those extremes, and providing a suitable refuge for both bears seeking winter hibernation dens and occasionally visiting humans.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography