nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of mullite-silica-enstatite composites fibers by sol-gel method

Mullite-silica-enstatite composites fibers were prepared using aluminum nitrate, magnesia and tetraethyl orthosilicate as rawmaterials, lactic acid as complexing agent. Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectra,X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the properties of the gel and ceramic fibers. The composites fibers were obtained by sintering gel fibers at 1200iÂ°C for 2h, with a smooth surface and dense microstructure.

Field of study: Materials science
Exactly solvable pairing models inspired by high-T_c superconductivity

The BCS theory models electron correlations with pure zero-momentum pairs. I consider a family of pairing Hamiltonians, where the electron correlations are modelled with pure arbitrary-momentum pairs. I present exact solutions to this family. The BCS pairing, the \eta pairing and the d -wave pairing in T_c superconductivity are the family members. These models, expect for the BCS model, are legitimate only on an xy plane defined by the electron spin S_z, compatible with the two dimensionality of high temperature superconductivity. Surprisingly, all parings are on equal footing in the xy plane, suggesting a unification of the s-wave and d-wave theoretical mechanisms in high T_c superconductivity. I also give the extension that includes all members of this family.

Field of study: Physics
Modeling for size distributions of flocculating yeast cell flocs during continuous ethanol fermentation

The focused beam reflectance measurement probe (FBRM) was directly inserted into a stirred fermentor, and the size distributions of self-flocculating yeast strain SPSC01, a fusant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe for ethanol fermentation, was online monitored.In a simulated system composed of the floc-buffer suspensions, it was found that the floc size distributions could be characterized by a lognormal function.The characteristic parameter,M,could be correlated with the stirring speed of fermentor,r, by a logarithmic function.Therefore, the designated size distributions of the flocs could be achieved by controlling the stirred speed. Interference by CO_2 bubbles generated during cell metabolism was observed in a real yeast floc ethanol fermentation system.The floc chord length distribution was measured with the FBRM for intrinsic kinetics investigation during which the floc size needed to be controlled at a level of micrometer scale to eliminate inner mass transfer limitations. Using the established model, the CO_2 bubbles interference was climinated by data processing to give the floc size distributions.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
تأثير تمرينات اليوغا في تطوير مستوى أداء لاعب التنس وعلاقته بنتيجة المباراة

كانت اهمية البحث في استخدام تمرينات اليوغا التي تساعد على تطوير الجوانب المهمة التي يحتاجها لاعب التنس, اما مشكلة البحث فكانت ان مناهج التدريب المتبعة لتدريب لاعبي التنس الشباب تفتقر الى عناصر البرنامج التدريبي المتكامل، وبالنسبة لاهداف البحث فكانت: التعرف على تأثير تمرينات اليوغا في تطوير مستوى أداء لاعب التنس، التعرف على العلاقة بين تطوير مستوى أداء لاعب التنس ونتيجة المباراة، وفروض البحث فكانت: هنالك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين قيم مستوى اداء لاعب التنس للمجموعتي البحث، هنالك علاقة بين تطور مستوى اداء لاعب التنس ونتيجة المباراة. أما منهج البحث فأستخدم المنهج التجريبي ذو المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة وبلغت عينة (8) من لاعبي التنس الشباب المتقدمين، وتم اجراء المباريات القبلية للاعبي عينة البحث ومن ثم مرحلة تحليل احصائيات المباريات تلاها تطبيق التجربة الرئيسة للبحث ولمدة (8 اسابيع)، وتم اجراء المباريات البعدية للعينة البحث وتم بعدها استخراج البيانات ومعالجتها احصائيا, وظهرت عدت استنتاجات ضمن الباب الخامس كان اهمها أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط بين تطوير مستوى اداء اللاعبين ونتيجة المباريات، وكان من اهم التوصيات التأكيد على استخدام اليوغا كنظام تدريبي مكمل للنظام التدريبي للاعبي المنتخب الوطني للتنس.

Field of study: Education
Children’s Disaster Reactions: the Influence of Exposure and Personal Characteristics

This paper reviews children’s reactions to disasters and the personal and situational factors that influence their reactions. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress reactions are the most commonly studied outcomes, though other conditions also occur including anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and substance use. More recently, traumatic grief and posttraumatic growth have been explored. New research has delineated trajectories of children’s posttraumatic stress reactions and offered insight into the long-term consequences of their disaster experiences. Risk factors for adverse outcomes include pre-disaster vulnerabilities, perception of threat, and loss and life disruptions post-disaster. Areas in need of additional research include studies on the timing and course of depression and anxiety post-event and their interactions with other disorders, disaster-related functional and cognitive impairment, positive outcomes, and coping.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Design and Implementation of Blog Search Engine Based on Lucene

Proposes a blog search engine based on high performance and scalable Lucene to achieve real-time,effective searching of the blog resources.Blog Searcher exploits RSS technology and Website spider technology for implementing fast gathering blog resources.Basic tests indicate that the Blog Searcher can support well for blog resources,and achieve a more satisfactory level in efficiency and cost of the gathering,index generating and retrieval.

Field of study: Computer science
On the theory of stripping reactions into the continuum

A formulation of stripping reactions into the continuum is given taking the(d, p)-reaction as a specific example. We use the DWBA and the assumption that contributions from the nuclear interior are negligible. Under these assumptions we show that the cross section can be split into a “distortion matrix element” and a term depending on the neutron target interaction only through the phase shifts of the corresponding elastic neutron scattering. The interference with the “pure break-up” process is discussed. The connection between stripping to bound and unbound states in the limit of zero binding energy is established. A comparison with recent experimental results is given, where the “distortion matrix elements” are calculated, for the sake of simplicity, in the “Butler approximation”.

Field of study: Physics
Resistin-binding peptide antagonizes role of resistin on white adipose tissue

To investigate the direct effects of resistin and resistin-binding peptide (RBP) on lipid metabolism and endocrine function in adipose tissue.Rat white adipose tissue was cultured in vitro and incubated for 24 h with 30 ng/mL recombinant rat resistin protein (rResistin) or combined with RBP of varying concentrations(1×10−12mol/L, 1×10−10mol/L, 1×10−8mol/L). Free fatty acids (FFA) released into medium was measured by a colorimetric kit. The levels of protein secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α and adiponectin were detected by ELISA kit and RT-PCR respectively.The levels of FFA released into medium were significantly increased after 24 h of exposure to rResistin, but significantly decreased after RBP was applied, although there was no difference between the 3 concentrations. The protein level and gene expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue were significantly increased after 24 h of exposure to rResistin, but only obviously decreased after incubated with 1×10−8mol/L RBP. The levels of protein secretion and mRNA expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue were significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to rResistin, but increased after incubated with RBP with the higher concentrations.RBP can effectively antagonize the role of resistin on the lipid metabolism and endocrine function of adipose tissue.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Decomposing legacy programs: a first step towards migrating to client-server platforms

A solution to the problem of salvaging the past investments in centralised, mainframe-oriented software development, while keeping competitive in the dynamic business world, consists of migrating legacy systems towards more modern environments, in particular client–server platforms. However, a migration process entails costs and risks that depend on the characteristics of both the architecture of the source system and the target client–server platform. We propose an approach to program decomposition as a preliminary step for the migration of legacy systems. A program slicing algorithm is defined to identify the statements implementing the user interface component. An interactive re-engineering tool is also presented that supports the software engineer in the comprehension of the source code during the decomposition of a program. The focus of this paper is on the partition of a legacy system, while issues related to the re-engineering, encapsulation, and wrapping of the legacy components and to the definition of the middleware layer through which they communicate are not tackled.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Fast neutrons effect on the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of PVA/HPC blend

The frequency-dependent dielectric dispersion of a thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol)/ hydroxypropyl cellulose (80/20 wt/wt%) blend prepared by the solution-cast technique is investigated in the frequency range 1-100 kHz. The effect of different fast neutron fluencies in the range 105-108 n/cm2 on the prepared film is also studied. Dielectric relaxation has been analyzed based on the examination of the wide range of molecular mobility of the amorphous phase of the blend system. The obtained results noticed that, measureable changes in the behavior and values of the dielectric properties are detected. These changes may be attributed to degradation and/or crosslinking process by the presence of HPC with PVAor by the irradiation with fast neutron which may be suggested that the observed dispersion depends on composition and irradiation of the blend matrix.

Field of study: Materials science
A multiple penalty function method for solving Max-Bisection problems

A continuation algorithm for the solution of Max-Bisection problems is proposed in this paper. Unlike available relaxation algorithms for Max-Bisection problems, the Max-Bisection problems are converted to an equivalent continuous nonlinear programming by employing NCP functions, and the resulting nonlinear programming problem is then solved using the augmented Lagrange penalty function method. The convergence property and finite termination property of the proposed algorithm are studied, and numerical experiments and comparisons on the simple circuit partitioning problems are made. Results reported in section ''Numerical experiments'' show the algorithm generates satisfactory solutions to test problems.

Field of study: Mathematics
Application of Alizarin/Graphene-Chitosan Modified Electrode on Detection of Human Telomere DNA

In this work, the glassy carbon electrode modified by alizarin (AR) hybridized with graphene (CRG) and chitosan (CS) was prepared. The AR/CRG-CS electrode exhibited a pair of well-defined reversible redox peaks in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) with the oxidation peak at −0.573 V and the reduction peak at −0.652 V. It exhibited a two-proton and two-electron redox process and a fast heterogeneous electron transfer rate with the rate constant ( K s ) of 1.69 s −1 using the cyclic voltammetry. Based on the characteristics of alizarin with the decreased current and negative potential shift after binding with human telomere DNA, a sensitive, simple, reliable and stable electrochemical method for the detection of human telomere DNA using the AR/CRG-CS electrode was developed. The electrochemical response showed a linear relationship with DNA concentration in the range of 8.0 × 10 −8 −1.4 × 10 −5 M ( R = 0.9995) with the linear regression equation as Δ I pc (μA) = 8.4860 + 0.5366 C (μmol) and the detection limit ( S/N ) as 2.0 × 10 −8 M.

Field of study: Chemistry
Circadian genes differentially affect tolerance to ethanol in Drosophila.

There is a strong relationship between circadian rhythms and ethanol (EtOH) responses. EtOH consumption has been shown to disrupt physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms in mammals (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005b, 29, 1550). The Drosophila central circadian pacemaker is composed of proteins encoded by the per, tim, cyc, and Clk genes. Using Drosophila mutant analysis, we asked whether these central components of the circadian clock make the equivalent contribution toward EtOH tolerance and whether rhythmicity itself is necessary for tolerance.



We tested flies carrying mutations in core clock genes for the capacity to acquire EtOH tolerance. Tolerance was assayed by comparing the sedation curves of populations during their first and second sedation. Animals that had acquired tolerance sedated more slowly. Movement was also monitored as the flies breathe the EtOH vapor to determine if other facets of the EtOH response were affected by the mutations. Gas chromatography was used to measure internal EtOH concentration. Constant light was used to nongenetically destabilize the PER and TIM proteins.



A group of circadian mutations, all of which eliminate circadian rhythms, do not disrupt tolerance identically. Mutations in per, tim, and cyc completely block tolerance. However, a mutation in Clk does not interfere with tolerance. Constant light also disrupts the capacity to acquire tolerance. These lines did not differ in EtOH absorption.



Mutations affecting different parts of the intracellular circadian clock can block the capacity to acquire rapid EtOH tolerance. However, the role of circadian genes in EtOH tolerance is independent of their role in producing circadian rhythmicity. The interference in the capacity to acquire EtOH tolerance by some circadian mutations is not merely a downstream effect of a nonfunctional circadian clock; instead, these circadian genes play an independent role in EtOH tolerance.

Field of study: Medicine
The Consumption Binge Is a Myth

It is widely believed that one of the fundamental problems of the U.S. economy has been a "spending binge' ' by American consumers. Proponents cite as proof the behavior of certain selected indicators, such as the high percentage of national income devoted to consumption expenditures and the corresponding decline in the official personal saving rate in 1985-1988. This low saving rate is often blamed for many of the nation's economic ills, ranging from declining international competitiveness to slow productivity growth to stagnant real wages. In response to the supposed "saving shortfall" in the private sector, it is argued that the country needs to adopt more consumption taxes (e.g., excise taxes or a value added tax) or saving incentives (e.g., tax breaks for capital gains or Individual Retirement Accounts). Of course, it is true by definition that a country with a current account (trade) deficit must be spending in excess of its income. But no causal inferences can be drawn

Field of study: Economics
Impact of dyes and finishes on the microfibers released on the laundering of cotton knitted fabrics.

The influence of common textile finishes on cotton fabrics on the generation of microfibers during laundering was assessed. Microfiber release was determined to be in the range of 9000-14,000 particles per gram of cotton fabric. Cotton knitted fabrics treated with softener and durable press generate more microfibers (1.30-1.63 mg/g fabric) during laundering by mass and number than untreated fabric (0.73 mg/g fabric). The fabrics treated with softener generated the longest average microfiber length (0.86 mm), whereas durable press and water repellent treatments produced the shortest average microfiber length (0.62 and 0.63 mm, respectively). In general, the changes in the mechanical properties of the fibers and fabrics due to the finishing treatments are the main factor affecting the microfiber release. The abrasion resistance of the fabrics decreases for durable press treatments and water repellent treatments due to the brittleness in the structure originated by the crosslinking treatment. In the case of the softener treatment, the fabric surface is soft and smooth decreasing the friction coefficient between fibers favoring the fibers loosening from the textile and resulting in a high tendency for fuzz formation and microfiber release. These findings are useful for the textile industry in the design and selection of materials and treatments for the reduction of synthetic or natural microfiber shedding from textiles.

Field of study: Environmental science
Topiramate moderately reduces the motivation to consume alcohol and has a marked antidepressant effect in rats.

In recent human studies, the anticonvulsant drug topiramate (TPM) has shown efficacy in treating alcohol craving and mood disorders. However, preclinical evidence supporting such effects is surprisingly sparse. Three experiments were conducted here to assess possible anticraving and antidepressant effects of TPM using animal models.



In Experiment 1, rats were given 23 weeks ad libitum access to food, water, and either beer (4.44% ethanol v/v) or "near-beer" (a calorie-matched nonalcoholic beer, 0.44% ethanol) in their home cages. They were then restricted to daily 1 hour operant sessions in which they licked for water and either beer or near-beer under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in a lickometer apparatus. The acute effects of TPM on the motivation to consume beer or near-beer were then assessed. The effects of naloxone were also assessed (as a positive control) after TPM testing. In Experiment 2, rats were given 11 weeks of ad libitum home-cage access to food, water, and beer. They then received repeated daily injections of TPM and effects on beer consumption under ad libitum home cage access conditions were monitored. In Experiment 3, the effects of TPM were assessed in the modified Porsolt forced swim test, emergence test, and elevated plus-maze (EPM) using alcohol naïve rats.



Topiramate (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) significantly reduced the motivation to lick for beer, although the maximal effect was moderate in comparison with naloxone (10 mg/kg). However, naloxone, unlike TPM, also reduced responding for near-beer suggesting an alcohol-specific effect of TPM. In Experiment 2, TPM (40 and 80 mg/kg) tended to transiently reduce alcohol consumption in the home cage under ad libitum access but this effect disappeared with repeated administration of the drug. TPM (10 to 80 mg/kg, given twice over 4 hours before test) produced a robust dose-dependent decrease in immobility and increase in active coping strategies in the forced swim test similar to that seen with desipramine (2 x 20 mg/kg). There were modest anxiolytic effects of TPM on the EPM and emergence tests.



With acute administration, TPM is moderately effective and relatively selective in reducing the drive to consume alcohol in Wistar rats. This anti-alcohol effect is modest in comparison with naloxone and appears to dissipate under conditions of chronic treatment and ad libitum alcohol access. A marked antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test and partial anxiolytic effects in other animal models suggests that TPM may be a beneficial treatment for affective disorders. These preliminary results suggest further research is warranted to resolve the mechanisms involved in TPM modulation of both mood and alcohol consumption.

Field of study: Medicine
Thermomagnetic instability evolution along a superconducting wire

Steady state propagation of a magnetic perturbation along a monofilament superconducting wire in circumstances of thermomagnetic instability was investigated. At temperature T=4.2K and magnetic field 
B=0.5-0.7T the propagation velocity is v = 2.5 - 3.5 km/sec in NbTi wire and this one exceeds a 9 km/sec in NbZr wire.

Field of study: Physics
License Plate Recognition using Hopfield Neural Networks

Vehicle Number Plate Recognition system has gained wide popularly with the continuous increase in the number of vehicle related offences. Its research is becoming challenging and interesting day by day. VNPR is designed to help in recognition of number plates of vehicles .Number plate recognition is the term used to unique identify road vehicles without human intervention. VNPR system is a step by step process involves image enhancements and binarization , segmentation of text using Hope Field Neural network and comparing information with already stored information .The objective of the paper is to successfully located standard number plate and recognizing . VNPR system is not region specific and is based on segmenting characters from image by using Hope field Neural Network .

Field of study: Engineering
The plasma membrane transporter SLC5A8 suppresses tumour progression through depletion of survivin without involving its transport function.

SLC5A8 (solute carrier gene family 5A, member 8) is a sodium-coupled transporter for monocarboxylates. Among its substrates are the HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitors butyrate, propionate and pyruvate. Expression of SLC5A8 is silenced in cancers via DNA methylation, and ectopic expression of SLC5A8 in cancer cells induces apoptosis in the presence of its substrates that are HDAC inhibitors. In the present study we show that ectopic expression of SLC5A8 in cancer cells translocates the anti-apoptotic protein survivin to the plasma membrane through protein-protein interaction resulting in depletion of nuclear survivin and also decreases cellular levels of survivin through inhibition of transcription. These SLC5A8-induced changes in the location and levels of survivin result in cell-cycle arrest, disruption of the chromosome passenger complex involved in mitosis, induction of apoptosis and enhancement in chemosensitivity. These effects are seen independently of the transport function of SLC5A8 and histone acetylation status of the cell; in the presence of pyruvate, a SLC5A8 substrate and also an HDAC inhibitor, these effects are amplified. Ectopic expression of SLC5A8 in the breast cancer cell line MB231 inhibits the ability of cells to form colonies in vitro and to form tumours in mouse xenografts in vivo. The suppression of survivin transcription occurs independently of HDAC inhibition, and the underlying mechanism is associated with decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). The observed effects are specific for survivin with no apparent changes in expression of other inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins. The present study unravels a novel, hitherto unrecognized, mechanism for the tumour-suppressive role of a plasma membrane transporter independent of its transport function.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Recent observations including temperature dependence of axisymmetricjet screech

Clark, J., "A New Way for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag." private communication, April 1941, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Wattendorf, F.L., private communication, March 1974, Paris, France. Chang, I.-Sh. and Chow, W. L., "Mach Disk from Underexpanded Axisymmetric Nozzle Flow," AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, Aug. 1974, pp. 1079-1082. McLaughlin, D. K. and McColgan, C. J., "Hot-wire Measurements in a Supersonic Jet at Low Reynolds's Numbers," AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, Sept. 1974,

Field of study: Physics