nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Boccaccio: Medieval Contexts and Global Intertexts. Olivia Holmes and Dana E. Stewart, eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. xii + 440 pp. $95.

Landino’s, and critical interventions, including Bembo’s. Chapters 3 and 4 then investigate Dante’s place in Florentine academies in the second half of the century, while chapters 5 and 6 explore Venetian print culture and commentary in the same period. Throughout these chapters, Gilson brings new attention to Dante’s non-Commedia works, especially the Convivio, illuminating the significance of the various paratextual features that distinguish different editions. The examination of these publishing contexts reveals the intriguing mix of liturgical, philosophical, and literary contexts in which Dante circulated and the specific audiences for whom editions were produced, including female readers. Gilson is especially adept at identifying unspoken engagements, such as when a given commentator criticizes another interpretation without explicitly mentioning the source. Examining the impact of the questione della lingua, religious reform, and Neo-Aristotelian classicism on Dante’s reception, this analysis of Dante’s fortuna in sixteenth-century Florence and Venice offers both a valuable guide and a stimulus for future research.

Field of study: History
Antipyrétiques en prophylaxie pour prévenir les convulsions fébriles après la vaccination

La fievre est l’une des manifestations indesirables les plus courantes apres l’immunisation; elle touche en effet 1 a 10 % des enfants americains, l’incidence variant en fonction du type de vaccin[1][1].

Les convulsions febriles sont l’evenement convulsif le plus frequent chez les

Field of study: Medicine
Tooling Design of Welding Deformation Safe Box Structure

Aiming at the thin-walled open-style box safe box structure,the welding deformation is difficult to control,which can not meet the requirements of the drawings. The performance of the product state assembly can be affected. The welding deformation was tested by the analysis of different conditions. Using welding deformation theory,the influential factors of welding deformation were studied. According to experience and advance scientific research,the welding process measures was formulated,and the welding deformation was controled,which can ensure the assembly quality of weldment.

Field of study: Materials science
Assessing perceived crowding of diving sites in Hong Kong

This study has explored perceived crowding of an underwater environment. Two dimensions were assessed: the number of divers seen and the proximity of divers to each other. Data were obtained from a survey of 216 divers who undertook diving in Hong Kong during 2013–14. Photographs depicting four levels of crowding (number of divers) and four levels of diver proximity in different combinations were shown to the respondents for assessing acceptability. Between the two variables, the “number of divers” was the most influential factor to divers' perceived crowding. Divers' begin to feel unacceptably crowded if 7∼8 divers are visible to them at one time. Based on this, it is likely that the usage of Hong Kong diving sites has already exceeded its social carrying capacity. Implications for future research and diving tourism management for Hong Kong diving sites are also discussed in the paper.

Field of study: Environmental science
西尼罗病毒外膜蛋白的表达及其抗原性鉴定

西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)属黄病毒科、黄病毒属,血清学分类与乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)同属JEV复合组.该病毒主要引起人和哺乳动物的西尼罗热和西尼罗脑炎,是近年来倍受关注的新发虫媒传染病之一[1].WNV基因组核酸为单股正链RNA,由约11 kb核苷酸组成.病毒蛋白包括3种结构蛋白和7种非结构蛋白.其中外膜(E)蛋白是WNV最重要的结构蛋白,有较强的免疫原性[2].我国1987年在广西沙田、大路的居民中曾发现WNV抗体阳性者[3],但之后未见相关的研究报道,且缺乏有效的血清学诊断方法。

Field of study: Biology
SDSS-IV MaNGA IFS Galaxy Survey-Survey Design , Execution , and Initial Data Quality Journal Item

The MaNGA Survey (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) is one of three core programs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV. It is obtaining integral field spectroscopy for 10,000 nearby galaxies at a spectral resolution of R ∼ 2000 from 3622 to 10354 A. The design of the survey is driven by a set of science requirements on the precision of estimates of the following properties: star formation rate surface density, gas metallicity, stellar population age, metallicity, and abundance ratio, and their gradients; stellar and gas kinematics; and enclosed gravitational mass as a function of radius. We describe how these science requirements set the depth of the observations and dictate sample selection. The majority of targeted galaxies are selected to ensure uniform spatial coverage in units of effective radius (Re) while maximizing spatial resolution. About two-thirds of the sample is covered out to 1.5Re (Primary sample), and one-third of the sample is covered to 2.5Re (Secondary sample). We describe the survey execution with details that would be useful in the design of similar future surveys. We also present statistics on the achieved data quality, specifically the point-spread function, sampling uniformity, spectral resolution, sky subtraction, and flux calibration. For our Primary sample, the median r-band signal-to-noise ratio is ∼70 per 1.4 A pixel for spectra stacked between 1Re and 1.5Re. Measurements of various galaxy properties from the first-year data show that we are meeting or exceeding the defined requirements for the majority of our science goals.

Field of study: Physics
Deriving Gene Networks from SNP Associated with Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Fractions from Ribeyes of Angus Cattle

The fatty acid profile of beef is a complex trait that can benefit from gene-interaction network analysis to understand relationships among loci that contribute to phenotypic variation. Phenotypic measures of fatty acid profile from triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions of longissimus muscle, pedigree information, and Illumina 54 k bovine SNP genotypes were utilized to derive an annotated gene network associated with fatty acid composition in 1,833 Angus beef cattle. The Bayes-B statistical model was utilized to perform a genome wide association study to estimate associations between 54 k SNP genotypes and 39 individual fatty acid phenotypes within each fraction. Posterior means of the effects were estimated for each of the 54 k SNP and for the collective effects of all the SNP in every 1-Mb genomic window in terms of the proportion of genetic variance explained by the window. Windows that explained the largest proportions of genetic variance for individual lipids were found in the triacylglycerol fraction. There was almost no overlap in the genomic regions explaining variance between the triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. Partial correlations were used to identify correlated regions of the genome for the set of largest 1 Mb windows that explained up to 35% genetic variation in either fatty acid fraction. SNP were allocated to windows based on the bovine UMD3.1 assembly. Gene network clusters were generated utilizing a partial correlation and information theory algorithm. Results were used in conjunction with network scoring and visualization software to analyze correlated SNP across 39 fatty acid phenotypes to identify SNP of significance. Significant pathways implicated in fatty acid metabolism through GO term enrichment analysis included homeostasis of number of cells, homeostatic process, coenzyme/cofactor activity, and immunoglobulin. These results suggest different metabolic pathways regulate the development of different types of lipids found in bovine muscle tissues. Network analysis using partial correlations and annotation of significant SNPs can yield information about the genetic architecture of complex traits.

Field of study: Biology
Hydration Is an Important Factor to Regulate Thermodynamic Stability of a DNA Duplex under Molecular Crowding Conditions

By using a DNA duplex, (5'-GTTACTATATGA-3'/5'-TCATATAGTAAC-3') under molecular crowding conditions, it was revealed that hydration plays a significant role in the stability of the duplex, in contrast to viscosity and dielectric constant which have little effect.

Field of study: Chemistry
Chemical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 12, Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry. Part I: Dynamics and VUV Spectroscopy. Part II: X-ray Applications. Edited by Tsun-Kong Sham. Pp. 1304. Singapore: World Scientific, 2002. Price USD 198, GBP 132, ISBN 981-02-4480-0 (set).

The goal of this Advanced Series in Physical Chemistry is to provide texts to support the teaching of graduate courses that are focused on modern topics and new developments in experimental and theoretical physical chemistry. The reviews presented are set in the context of the applications of synchrotron light sources over the past 50 years, to the present, so-called third-generation, sources that are versatile and powerful radiation sources from the below-red to the X-ray regions. Given the wide applicability of synchrotron light and the potential signi®cance of the new investigations that are possible, it is timely to examine the impact that synchrotron light has made and will continue to make on chemical research, in its widest sense. With this objective in mind, the editor of this two-part volume invited contributions from practitioners who are at the forefront of particular aspects of this ®eld of research. The authors and editor are congratulated on achieving their individual and collective aims. Thus, the individual chapters summarize most of the signi®cant developments in the last decade in chemical and related research that have been achieved using synchrotron light sources. The utilization of the radiation as a probe as well as an energy source is emphasized. This book is organized in order of increasing photon energy. Part I deals with the applications of low-energy photons and covers areas such as gas-phase photodissociation reactions and dynamics, soft X-ray ̄uorescence, IR and photoemission analysis of surfaces, spectroscopy of organic and polymeric materials, catalysts, electronic and magnetic materials, and spectromicroscopy. Part II encompasses applications using soft to hard X-rays, including spectroscopy of surface and thin ®lms, XAFS, diffraction and scattering, and several technological applications, namely the microprobe, photoetching and tribology. The material is presented in a clear, concise and authoritative manner and each chapter contains ®gures that complement the text, together with a comprehensive list of relevant references. This text is essential for library purchase and, for those engaged in this ®eld of research and/or teaching graduate courses that cover the chemical applications of synchrotron radiation, personal purchase is recommended.

Field of study: Physics
Proportional Boundary Finite-element Method Applied to Two-dimensional Elastostatic Problem

The control equation of the plane elastostatic problem under the scaled boundary coordinate system is derived by method of virtual work principle, and the solution of the governing equation is expounded. In a small example with a theoretical solution, we apply the proportional boundary finite element method to calculate and find that the accuracy of the result is very high.  Proportional boundary finite-element method was first applied to continuum analysis as a novel semi-analytical approach by Wolf and Song[1-2]and particularly suitable for fracture mechanics and unbounded domains[3-5].The governing equation from the virtual work principle does not require fundamental solution in the proportional boundary finite element method. We establish a coordinate system consisting of circumferential and radial directions. The circumferential boundary is discretized by finite elements and the governing equation is reduced to a radial ordinary partial differential equation[6].It is also suitable for elastic static problems[7].An example of applying proportional boundary finite element method to two-dimensional bounded plane elastic static problems is given in the paper. Two-dimensional Elastic Mechanics Governing Equations in Scaled Coordinate System Governing Equations Equilibrium equation for two-dimensional elastic problem as following: 0 ] [    f L  (1) A proportional boundary coordinate system introduces by a scaling centre ( 0 0 , y x ) selected within the domain(figure 1) in proportional boundary finite-element method.  The scaling centre seleted within the domain.  runs from the scaling centre towards the boundary is the normalised radial coordinate , so the value at the center of the scale is 0, and the boundary is 1.Circumferential coordinate s specifies any value distance from the original boundary. So Cartesian coordinate ( y x, ) is expressed by coordinates of the scaling center as follow: 173 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 , s s y y y x x x       (2) ] [L can be expressed as following in proportional boundary coordinate system

Field of study: Engineering
An Enhanced SYN Cookie Defence Method for TCP DDoS Attack

With the development of network, the issues of network security are rapidly becoming a serious problem, and the Denial of Service (DoS) attack has already become the greatest threat to the network. SYN Flood attack is one of the most common distributed denial of service attack way (DDoS). This paper presents an improved SYN Cookie method, designing a novel attack detector processing and a enhanced attack respondor with a new cookie verification algorithm and changing the definition of cookie field, to reduce algorithm complexity with the ensurance of security. The experiment results show that the proposed method provided an average computational complexity reduction of 30% compared with the traditional method. The new method can be an effective defense against the TCP SYN Flood attack with a lower complexity.

Field of study: Computer science
Different immunosuppressive mechanisms in multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis and non‐tuberculous mycobacteria patients

Previous studies have demonstrated that cells from both multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) and non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) patients respond poorly to mycobacterial antigens in vitro. In the present study, we compared the in vitro response of cells isolated from sensitive TB (NR‐TB)‐, MDR‐TB‐ and NTM‐infected patients. Analysis of T cell phenotype ex vivo revealed that both MDR‐TB and NTM patients present an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+‐ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ and CD4+CD25+CD127− regulatory T (Treg) cells when compared to NR‐TB. Increased numbers of Treg cells and interleukin (IL)‐10 serum levels were detected in MDR‐TB, whereas elevated serum transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β was found in the NTM group. Cells of MDR‐TB patients stimulated with early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)‐6, but not purified protein derivative (PPD), showed a lower frequency of CD4+/interferon (IFN)‐γ+ T cells and enhanced CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, CD4+CD25+CD127− and CD4+CD25+IL‐10+ T cell population. In addition, increased IL‐10 secretion was observed in cultured MDR‐TB cells following ESAT‐6 stimulation, but not in NR‐TB or NTM patients. In vitro blockade of IL‐10 or IL‐10Rα decreased the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ frequencies induced by ESAT‐6 in MDR‐TB, suggesting a role of IL‐10 on impaired IFN‐γ responses seen in MDR‐TB. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes restored the capacity of MDR‐TB T cells to respond to ESAT‐6 in vitro, which suggests a potential role for Treg/T regulatory 1 cells in the pathogenesis of MDR‐TB. Together, our results indicate that although the similarities in chronicity, NTM‐ and MDR‐TB‐impaired antigenic responses involve different mechanisms.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Resilience and Subjective Well-being among survivors of Dengue Fever

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between resilience and subjective well-being among the survivors of dengue fever. It was hypothesized that there would be significant positive relationship between resilience and subjective well-being among the dengue fever. It was correlation study in which cross-sectional research design was used. The sample size was one hundred (N=100) survivors which comprises of fifty male and fifty female dengue survivors. The sample was drawn by using purposive sampling strategy which is a technique of non-probability sampling because it is the nature of population which is survivors so this type of sampling is helpful for recruit sample in the study. Two scales Trait Resilience Checklist (Hiew, et al 2000) and Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, 1999) were used to measure resilience and subjective well-being respectively. SPSS-20 was used to run statistical analyses. The results showed that there is significant positive correlation between resilience and subjective well-being among survivors of dengue fever. Furthermore, a significant gender difference was found on subjective well-being that males are happier than females. The results are discussed in the light of already existing literature. Keyword; Resilience, subjective well-being ,

Field of study: Education
Role of Synbiotics in Improvement of Feed Tolerance and Weight Gain in the Newborns

To study the effect of Synbiotics on weight gain and feed tolerance of newborns.  This prospective interventional trial included 50 newborns treated with a dietary supplement containing Synbiotics in addition to the routine treatment and 48 newborns served as control without Synbiotics supplement. The primary outcome was weight gain and feed tolerance.  Newborns in the Synbiotics group reached the full feeds earlier as compared to those in Control group (7.5 ± 4.26 days Vs 14.02 ± 7.88 days p=0.532) along with better weight gain(14.61 ± 9.6 grams per day Vs 2.97 ± 3.81 grams per day p=0.0000001).  Newborns receiving Synbiotics are more likely to reach full feeds earlier and show better weight gain.

Field of study: Medicine
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Profiling Developmental DNA Methylation Patterns in Central and Peripheral Tissues

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can alter the development of neurobiological systems, leading to lasting neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and neurobehavioral deficits. Although the etiology of this reprogramming remains unknown, emerging evidence suggests DNA methylation as a potential mediator and biomarker for the effects of PAE due to its responsiveness to environmental cues and relative stability over time. Here, we utilized a rat model of PAE to examine the DNA methylation profiles of rat hypothalami and leukocytes at four time points during early development to assess the genome-wide impact of PAE on the epigenome and identify potential biomarkers of PAE. Our model of PAE resulted in blood alcohol levels of ~80–150 mg/dl throughout the equivalent of the first two trimesters of human pregnancy. Hypothalami were analyzed on postnatal days (P) 1, 8, 15, 22 and leukocytes at P22 to compare central and peripheral markers. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing.  PAE resulted in lasting changes to DNA methylation profiles across all four ages, with 118 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) displaying persistent alterations across the developmental period at a false-discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. In addition, 299 DMRs showed the same direction of change in the hypothalamus and leukocytes of P22 pups at an FDR < 0.05, with some genes overlapping with the developmental profile findings. The majority of these DMRs were located in intergenic regions, which contained several computationally-predicted transcription factor binding sites. Differentially methylated genes were generally involved in immune function, epigenetic remodeling, metabolism, and hormonal signaling, as determined by gene ontology analyses.  Persistent DNA methylation changes in the hypothalamus may be associated with the long-term physiological and neurobehavioral alterations in observed in PAE. Furthermore, correlations between epigenetic alterations in peripheral tissues and those in the brain will provide a foundation for the development of biomarkers of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Finally, findings from studies of PAE provide important insight into the etiology of neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders, as they share numerous phenotypes and comorbidities.

Field of study: Biology
Secret Key Leakage from Public Key Perturbation of DLP-Based Cryptosystems

Finding efficient countermeasures for cryptosystems against fault attacks is challenged by a constant discovery of flaws in designs. Even elements, such as public keys, that do not seem critical must be protected. From the attacks against RSA [5,4], we develop a new attack of DLP-based cryptosystems, built in addition on a lattice analysis [26] to recover DSA public keys from partially known nonces. Based on a realistic fault model, our attack only requires 16 faulty signatures to recover a 160-bit DSA secret key within a few minutes on a standard PC. These results significantly improves the previous public element fault attack in the context of DLP-based cryptosystems [22].

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Chitosan nanoparticles based nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy based on tumor vaccine is very promising and intriguing for carcinoma treatment. Herein, antitumor nanovaccines consisting of self-assembled chitosan (CS) nanoparticles and two-component mucin1 (MUC1) glycopeptide antigens were reported. Two different kinds of polyanionic electrolyte [sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and γ-poly-L-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)] were combined with chitosan polymers to fabricate the diameter of nearly 400–500 nm CS nanoparticles by electrostatic interactions. The nanovaccines were constructed by physically mixing MUC1 glycopeptide antigens with CS nanoparticles, which reduced vaccine constructing complexity compared with traditional chemical total synthetic vaccines. Immunological studies revealed that the CS/γ-PGA nanoparticle could dramatically enhance the immunogenicity of peptide epitope and produce significantly high titers of IgG antibody which was even better than Freund’s adjuvant-containing vaccines.

Field of study: Chemistry
Efficiency of organic rice farming in Bantul Regency Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

The impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that can disrupt health and environment has encouraged the development of organic cultivation systems. The objectives of the study are to identify the effectiveness of the implementation of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) of organic rice. In addition, it also aims to analyze the technical efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of organic rice farming. The research was conducted under a survey design located in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Census sampling was applied to all organic rice farmers who joined the union farmer group named ‘Mitra Pertanian’ as the respondents. The Cobb-douglass frontier production function was used to analyze the technical efficiency. The results show that the level of effectiveness of SOP implementation of organic rice farming by farmers was high that equals to 71.26%. Factors production area of land, seed and manure have significant effect on the production of organic rice with positive coefficient, while petroganic fertilizer has significant effect with the negative coefficient. The average level of technical efficiency of organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is 0.71, which means that the organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is efficient enough. To improve the technical efficiency of organic rice farming, farmers are suggested to use more organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the level of farmers’ education shows significant effect on technical inefficiency in the organic rice farming. On the other hand, farmers’ age, farming experience and the land status do not significantly affect the technical inefficiency. Therefore, in organic rice farming, it is necessary to increase knowledge and skills through non-formal education rather than that of through formal one.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences