nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the allelic variant of alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1B*2 on ethanol metabolism.

It has been known that ADH1B*2 allele has a protective effect against the development of alcohol dependence. However, the protection mechanism is still unknown. We investigated whether ADH1B gene polymorphism affects ethanol (EtOH) metabolism.



In a parent study, we conducted a randomized crossover trials on 24 healthy male subjects who were selected by genotyping: 12 with ALDH2*1/*1 (active form) and 12 with ALDH2*1/*2 (inactive form). In the present study, the 24 subjects were reclassified into 2 groups of 11 with ADH1B*1/*2 and 13 with ADH1B*2/*2 according to the ADH1B genotypes. Each subject was administered 1 of 3 doses of EtOH (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 g/kg) or a placebo in 4 trials. After the administration of alcohol, blood EtOH and acetaldehyde concentrations were measured 9 times over 4 hours.



In the case of EtOH, the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 hours (AUC0-4 ) and the peak blood concentration of EtOH (Cmax ) in subjects with ADH1B*2/*2 were significantly higher than those in subjects with ADH1B*1/*2 at all 3 dosages before stratifying by ALDH2 genotype. However, after stratifying by ALDH2 genotype, a statistically significant difference between ADH1B*2/*2 and ADH1B*1/*2 was found only at the 0.5 g/kg dosage regardless of ALDH2 genotype. In the case of acetaldehyde, the AUC0-4 and Cmax of acetaldehyde of ADH1B*2/*2 after administration of 0.25 g/kg alcohol and the AUC0-4 of acetaldehyde of ADH1B*2/*2 at 0.5 g/kg were significantly higher than corresponding values of ADH1B*1/*2 only in the group of ALDH2*1/*2.



Our findings indicate that the blood EtOH concentrations of ADH1B*2/*2 group are higher than those of ADH1B*1/*2 group regardless of ALDH2 genotype, and the blood acetaldehyde concentrations of ADH1B*2/*2 are also higher than those of ADH1B*1/*2 only in the ALDH2*1/*2 group. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the association of ADH1B*2 allele with blood EtOH and acetaldehyde levels in humans, and these results suggest that higher blood EtOH and acetaldehyde concentrations in ADH1B*2/*2 may constitute the mechanism of protection against alcoholism by ADH1B*2/*2.

Field of study: Medicine
Linking Sustainability to Quality Management and Firm Performance

Environmental management practices have evolved significantly over the past two decades. During that time, sustainable operations management practices have purportedly made positive contributions to overall firm performance. This paper develops two conceptual frameworks regarding the relationships among specific elements of environmental management, quality management, and firm performance. We suggest that innovation in quality management mediates the relationship between design for environment and firm performance, and that statistical process control techniques moderate the relationship between environmental management systems and firm performance. We identify future research possibilities, based on these frameworks, to inform scholarly research and practice in environmental management and quality management.

Field of study: Business
Polarographic Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones. I. General Reduction Scheme

Reduction scheme of polarographic reduction of aryl alkyl ketones is discussed. Schemes are summarised for the reduction of the protonized form in acid media, for the two-electron reduction in medium pH-range and for the one-electron steps in alkaline solutions. Kinetics currents resulting in protonations, antecedent the electrode process or interposed between two electrode processes, which play a role in the transition regions of pH, are discussed. The effect of cations on the reduction waves is interpreted. Studied examples of reductions of various types of carbonyl compounds are summarised.

Field of study: Chemistry
Differential Diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

Differentiating bipolar (BP) disorders (in particular BP II) from borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common diagnostic dilemma. We sought to critically examine recent studies that considered clinical differences between BP II and BPD, which might advance their delineation. Recent studies focused on differentiating biological parameters—genetics, epigenetics, diurnal rhythms, structural and functional neuroimaging—with indicative differences not yet sufficient to guide diagnosis. Key differentiating factors include family history, developmental antecedents, illness course, phenomenological differences in mood states, personality style and relationship factors. Less differentiating factors include impulsivity, neuropsychological profiles, gender distribution, comorbidity and treatment response. This review details parameters offering differentiation of BP II from BPD and should assist in resolving a frequent diagnostic dilemma. Future studies should specifically examine the BP II subtype directly with BPD, which would aid in sharpening the distinction between the disorders.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Study on synthesis of n-butyl acetate using inorganic salt as catalyst

The catalytic behaviors of FeCl 3·6H 2O, CuCl 2·2H 2O, CuSO 4·5H 2O, CuSO 4, FeSO 4·7H 2O, ZnSO 4·7H 2O in esterification of n butyl alcohol with acetic acid are studied. It is shown that FeCl 3 CuCl 2 has better catalytic properties; in a continuous esterifying-distillating system the catalyst has good stability and activity after 150 hours reacted.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION ON CABLE ATTACHMENTS TO MAXIMIZE TWIST STIFFNESS OF CABLE-SUPPORTING SYSTEM

The static mechanical model of a cable-supporting system for Large Radio Telescope is derived on the basis of the elastic expression of a catenary. From the model,the static stiffness matrix is deduced according to the nonlinear relationship between the end force of the cable and the cabin displacement,and then we obtain the analytical expression for twist stiffness. In order to enhance the twist stiffness,a method adding a star-shaped frame on cabin is proposed and the structural parameters of the star-shaped frame are optimized. The numerical result shows that a star-shaped frame with proper parameters will enhance the twist stiffness significantly.

Field of study: Engineering
Third Party's Petition on Forcible Insurance of Responsibilities for Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents

Article 76 of law on road traffic safety regulates compensation of insurance company for personal casualty and property loss induced by traffic accidents.However the subject of compensation is uncertain.Neither do regulations on forcible insurance of responsibilities for motor vehicle traffic accidents promulgated.For the purpose of the interests of victims,it is recommended to modify law on road traffic safety to identify direct compensation responsibility for the insurer to victims of motor vehicle traffic accidents and indentify the direct petition for compensation for the third party to the insurance company.

Field of study: Economics
Fracture toughness of Sm123 bulk superconductors evaluated by tensile and bending tests

The effects of test temperature and Sm211 (Sm/sub 2/BaCuO/sub 5/) secondary phase particles on the fracture toughness of the Sm123 (SmBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/) single grain bulk superconductors were investigated by tensile and bending tests using the V-notched specimens. The correlation between the obtained fracture toughness by tensile and bending test was not necessarily good. The fracture toughness obtained by the indentation method was lower than them. The tensile fracture toughness for the crack propagation in the c-axis, 1.2-1.3 MPa m/sup 1/2/, was higher than that in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis, 1.0-1.1 MPa m/sup 1/2/. Although the former increased with increase in the Sm211 molar fraction, the latter did not increase. There was no appreciable difference between the fracture toughness obtained by the tensile tests at LNT and that at RT, while the fracture toughness from the indentation method at LNT was slightly lower than that at RT.

Field of study: Physics
The Realization of Ball Pulverizer Fuzzy Control with INFI-90 System

This paper analyzed the problem about the ball pulverizer automatization control,and introduced a kind of algorithm which is about how to realize decomposition of multivariable fuzzy control、PID fuzzy control with INFI-90 distributed control system in 300MW unit,with this kind of algorithm the automatization control system of pulverizer load、entrance press、outlet temperature can run steadily. Its control is of high quality.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Behavioural Studies on Aphis craccivora Koch. Following Exposure to Aphid Alarm Pheromone

Aphis craccivora Koch, responded mainly by falling or walking from its feeding site on groundnut plant when it was exposed to alarm pheromone. This phenomenon was increased or decreased to a certain limit with the increase in period or distance of exposure. The dispersion of aphid through falling decreased and walking increased, with the increase in distance of alarm pheromone source. The adult aphids responded more than its immature stages to alarm pheromone. The higher amount of alarm pheromone caused aphid response mainly by falling. The aphids were dislodged by alarm pheromone within distance of 20 cm. The recolonization of aphids dispersed by alarm pheromone to their original sites was 78.61 per cent after 24 hours of exposure.

Field of study: Biology
Approximation and information topologies

In this paper approximation properties of finite dimensional parametric models are described in terms of an information metric: the Hellinger distance. Under conditions on the parametric family given solely in terms of a comparison of the Hellinger distance with the parameter metric, optimal rates of convergence are described. It is also shown how to use these conditions on the parametric family to determine whether consistent estimation is possible. We give applications of the theorems to regular and non-regular parametric families, and to nonlinear regression.

Field of study: Mathematics
On the Aloofness of Journey to the West from Both Buddhism and Taoism

The paper aims at analyzing how the radical religion movement of wiping out Buddhism changes into the coexistence and interpenetration of Buddhism and Taoism in Journey to the West. Form the historical fact of "three Wu emperors and one Zong emperor", the paper probes into the conception transition of Buddhism and Taoism from the perspectives of culture and economy, based on the examples of the fusion of Buddhism and Taoism quoted form Journey to the West. The paper concludes that it is the fact that Buddhism and Taoism had dropped behind the date and the economy of tempers had suffered a lot that has led to the result that the relation between Buddhism and Taoism became gentle and the limit between them became foggy.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
NMR investigation of how free composite fermions are at nu=1 / 2.

NMR measurements of the electron spin polarization (P) have been performed on a 2D electron system at and around half-filled lowest Landau level. Comparing the magnetic field and the temperature dependence of P to models of free and interacting composite fermions (CF), the imbalance of spin-up and spin-down CF Fermi seas is mapped as a function of Zeeman energy. Independent measurements of the CF effective mass, g factor, and Fermi energy are obtained from the thermal activation of P in tilted fields. The filling factor dependence of the P for 2 / 5<nu<2 / 3 reveals a broken particle-hole symmetry for the partially polarized CF Fermi sea.

Field of study: Physics
Utilization of Innovations and Techniques of Educational Technology in Delivering of Educational Practicum and its Impact on Increasing Academic Achievement among Pre-Service Teachers

The current study aims to identify the utilization of innovations and techniques of educational technology in teaching of educational practicum and its impact on increasing academic achievement among pre-service teachers. The study sample consisted of (60) pre-service teachers (student teachers) randomly selected from public middle and secondary schools. The study adopted the descriptive method; a questionnaire and observation cards designed as tools of the study to achieve the study objectives. The study concluded that the availability of innovations and techniques of educational technology in the schools of educational practicum was low. It also showed that there were challenges of utilizing innovations and techniques of educational technology among student teachers of educational practicum.  Innovations, educational technology, practicum, academic achievement.

Field of study: Education
Electrical conduction by interface states in semiconductor heterojunctions

Electrical conduction in semiconductor heterojunctions containing defect states in the interface region is studied. As the classical drift-diffusion mechanism cannot in any case explain electrical conduction in semiconductor heterojunctions, tunnelling involving interface states is often considered as a possible conduction path. A theoretical treatment is made where defect states in the interface region with a continuous energy distribution are included. Electrical conduction through this defect band then allows the transit of electrons from the conduction band of one semiconductor to the valence band of the second component. The analysis is initiated by electrical measurements on n-CdS/p-CdTe heterojunctions obtained by chemical vapour deposition of CdS on (111) oriented CdTe single crystals, for which current-voltage and capacitance-frequency results are shown. The theoretical analysis is based on the numerical resolution of Poisson's equation and the continuity equations of electrons, holes and defect states, where a current component corresponding to the defect band conduction is explicitly included. Comparison with the experimental curves shows that this formalism yields an efficient tool to model the conduction process through the interface region. It also allows us to determine critical values of the physical parameters when a particular step in the conduction mechanism becomes dominant.

Field of study: Materials science
Caracterização de biopolímeros produzidos por Beijerinckia sp. 7070 em diferentes tempos de cultivo

Biopolymers are microbial polysaccharides. The biopolymer produced by Beijerinckia sp 7070 has pseudoplastic behaviour and shows high viscosity at low deformation rates, giving to polymer excellent suspension characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize the biopolymer produced at different culture times by Beijerinckia sp 7070 in relation to total production, production of short and long fiber polymers, productivity, viscosity and chemical composition. The polymers produced in liquid YM medium were recovered at different culture times, dried and weighted for determination of the production and productivity. Fiber type produced during the culture times was evaluated microscopically. Apparent viscosities of the 1% (w/v) aqueous solutions were determined at 6, 12, 30 and 60rpm, at 25o C, in a Brookfield viscosimeter. Biopolymer composition was determined by comparative thin layer chromatography. The highest total biopolymer productions was found at 30 and 72h, the highest productivity was at 48h and the highest viscosity was at 72h. The long fiber polymer showed a tendency of becoming longer with time. The viscosity of long fiber polymer was higher than the short fiber one. All polymers showed the same components (glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid) but at different concentrations.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Coronary artery aneurysm: management and association with abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a dilatation that exceeds 1.5 times the diameter of a normal adjacent coronary artery. Several studies suggest that pathogenetic mechanisms involved in this disease and in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are similar. Surgery for CAA is mandatory when the aneurysm is three to four times larger than the original vessel diameter. We reviewed our experience in the surgical treatment of this unusual disease and analyzed its association with AAA.



Between October 1993 and March 2005, 11 patients (9 men; mean age=66 years) underwent surgery for CAA. In all cases, coronary aneurysms were diagnosed as incidental findings in coronary angiographies. The coronary aneurysms were isolated and longitudinally incised: the proximal and distal openings were identified and sutured. The sacs were obliterated with running sutures. Myocardial protection was achieved by retrograde cardioplegia only. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed distally to the excluded aneurysms in all patients.



One patient died of respiratory failure early after the operations; all other patients are alive, asymptomatic for angina, and free from repeated acute myocardial infarction after a median follow-up of 76 months (range=4-141 months). A total of six patients underwent surgical repair or endoprosthesis implantation because of AAAs.



Our operative techniques ensured durable results. We recommend screening for abdominal aneurysms in all affected patients because of the frequent association between CAA and AAA as a result of their similar pathogenetic mechanism.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Delayed up-regulation of Zac1 and PACAP type I receptor after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

The Zac1 gene encodes a zinc finger protein that regulates both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Furthermore, Zac1 protein seems to trans-activate the gene encoding the type I receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Northern blot analysis revealed high levels of Zac1 mRNA in the rodent brain. In the present study, we demonstrate by in situ hybridization histochemistry a progressive increase in Zac1 transcripts in the mouse brain from day 1 to day 3 following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Moreover, we observed an up-regulation of PACAP type I receptor mRNA expression showing a similar temporospatial distribution. Late induction of cell death promoting Zac1 in the post-ischemic brain may be attributed to delayed or secondary cell death. Co-induction of the type I receptor for neurotrophic PACAP however, points to a role in restorative processes.

Field of study: Biology
VP8* antigen produced in tobacco transplastomic plants confers protection against bovine rotavirus infection in a suckling mouse model.

Group A rotavirus is a major leading cause of diarrhea in mammalian species worldwide. In Argentina, bovine rotavirus (BRV) is the main cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves. VP4, one of the outermost capsid proteins, is involved in various virus functions. Rotavirus infectivity requires proteolytic cleavage of VP4, giving an N-terminal non-glycosilated sialic acid-recognizing domain (VP8*), and a C-terminal fragment (VP5*) that remains associated with the virion. VP8* subunit is the major determinant of the viral infectivity and one of the neutralizing antigens. In this work, the C486 BRV VP8* protein was produced in tobacco chloroplasts. Transplastomic plants were obtained and characterized by Southern blot, northern blot and western blot. VP8* was highly stable in the transplastomic leaves, and formed insoluble aggregates that were partially solubilized by sonication. The recombinant protein yield was 600 μg/g of fresh tissue (FT). Both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the VP8* plant extracts were able to induce a strong immune response in female mice as measured by ELISA and virus neutralization test. Most important, suckling mice born to immunized dams were protected against oral challenge with virulent rotavirus. Results presented here contribute to demonstrate the feasibility of using antigens expressed in transplastomic plants for the development of subunit vaccines.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Permian Vertebrates from West Virginia

The material on which this paper is based is at present the property of the West Virginia Geological Survey and is later to become the property of the Department of Geology, West Virginia University. It is presented for discussion with the approval of Dr. I. C. White, State Geologist. So far as known, it is the only Permian vertebrate material that has been found within the limits of the State. Because of the rarity of such material, it is thought it would prove a desirable exhibit, and it is hoped that some of the specimens may be of use in correlation of strata in West Virginia with strata in Texas and Arizona. The writer wishes to acknowledge the photostat work of Prof. George W. Grow in preparation of the plate. Footprints of a Stegocephalian or Reptile, Waynesburg Sandstone LOCATION The footprints 2 here illustrated and described came from 19 1/2 . . .

Field of study: Geology
On aberrations in saw-tooth refractive X-ray lenses and on their removal.

The X-ray lens, which is composed of opposing canted saw-tooth structures, originally assembled from cut-out pieces from long-playing records, is understood by recognizing that an incident plane X-ray wave will traverse a varying number of triangular prisms in them. The refraction will deflect any beam towards the prism tips and the variation of the deflection angle, which grows linearly with the number of traversed prisms, can result in X-ray focusing. The structure offers focusing flexibility by simply changing the taper angle. This report will discuss the aberrations arising in the saw-tooth structure in its simplest form with identical prisms. It is found that the saw-tooth structures in low-Z materials with focal length below 1 m provide less flux density in the focal spot than stacks of one-dimensionally focusing refractive lenses with identical transmission function. This is due to excessive aberrations in the regular structure, which are absent in stacks of concave lenses, and which limit the focusing to spot sizes of just submicrometre dimensions, as measured experimentally for some lenses. It will be shown that this limitation can be overcome by appropriately modifying the prism shape. Then the image size could be reduced by about an order of magnitude to the diffraction limit with competitive numbers even below 0.1 µm. Microfabrication techniques are identified as the appropriate means for producing the structures.

Field of study: Physics
Thellungiella: an Arabidopsis-related model plant adapted to cold temperatures.

Thellungiella salsuginea, a wild crucifer that grows in subarctic Canada and is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, was examined for its suitability as a model plant for studies of tolerance to cold and freezing temperatures. Thellungiella completed its life cycle at 5 degrees C, demonstrating that temperature-sensitive processes such as seed germination and the production of pollen and seeds were resistant to cold temperatures. Moreover, the plant exhibited dramatically different vegetative and flowering phenotypes in response to growth at cold temperature and shifts to cold temperature. Northern analyses showed that genes induced by cold in Arabidopsis, including CBF1, the transcriptional activator for the cold-regulated (COR) genes COR15a and COR47, were also expressed in Thellungiella. Freezing tolerance, assayed by the regrowth of intact plants, increased from -13.0 to -18.5 degrees C after cold treatment. The plants lacked endogenous ice nucleation or anti-freeze activity, indicating a potential for supercooling. As a close relative to Arabidopsis, Thellungiella exhibits extreme cold tolerance and should be an important model system in the elucidation of stress tolerance mechanisms.

Field of study: Environmental science