nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Job Satisfaction of Public School Teachers: Moonlighting, Locus of Control, and Stress

A study by Lester and Genz (1978) showed that job satisfaction of police officers is related to subjectively perceived stress and to belief in an external locus of control. The present study explored such effects among public school teachers. In all, 46 teachers ( a return rate of 39%) completed questionnaires anonymously. There were 21 men and 24 women (and one subject who did not check sex) : their mean age was 36.0 yr. (SD = 8.9 yr.). They had taught for an average of 10.4 yr. (SD = 6.9 yr.). 17 moonlighted an average of 13.7 hr. per week (SD = 6.4 hr.). The questionnaire included Rotter's (1966) measure of belief in an external locus of control, a measure of subjective perceived stress (in physical or psychological symptoms) (Wilcher, 1980), and a job dissatisfaction scale (Brayfield & Rothe, 1951). Job dissatisfaction and subjective stress scores were unrelated to age, whether the respondents' spouses worked, years spent as teachers, whether the respondents had second jobs, and, if so, for how many hours per week. Job dissatisfaction was related to a belief in an external locus of control (product-moment T = 0.38, one-tailed p = 0.005) and to subjective stress scores ( 7 = 0.28, p = 0.03). Stress scores were nor related to belief in an external locus of control ( 7 = 0.11, p = 0.23). Looking at the sexes separately, job dissatisfaction was related to belief in external locus of control for the men ( r = 0.63, p = 0.001) but not for women ( 7 = 0.13, p = 0.27). In contrast, job dissatisfaction was related to subjectively ~erceived stress for women ( T = 0.44, p = 0.02) but not for men ( T = 0.25, p = 0.14). In this srudy, psychological variables were stronger correlates of job dissatisfaction than demographic and moonlighting variables. Confirmation by replication is appropriate.

Field of study: Psychology
Paleomagnetism applied to lateritic profiles to assess saprolite and duricrust formation processes: the example of Mont Baduel profile (French Guiana)

Based on the fact that a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) can be acquired during the lateritization, the paleomagnetic signal was used to interpret the succession of horizons, from the weathering front to the top of the duricrust surface of a thick bauxitic profile in French Guiana. The 54-m-thick profile is composed of a saprolite capped by a duricrust comprising successively a mottled zone, a massive facies and a pisolitic facies at the top. At the base of the saprolite the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is composed of a superimposed magnetite and hematite contribution, the magnetite showing an apparently inherited Proterozoic direction. Within the profile, the main magnetic carrier is hematite; goethite does not provide any significant contribution. Five magnetic reversals have been identified within the saprolite and through comparing the reversal sequence with the reference geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) it has been possible to deduce the saprolitization rate; thus the Bruhnes/Matuyama (780 ka) transition is observed at 8.8 m above the weathering front, giving a 11.3±0.5 m/Ma saprolitization rate. The duricrust is significantly divided into two levels within the massive facies; the base of the duricrust shows paleomagnetic directions that fit with the present-day situation, whereas the upper part records directions of the South American apparent pole wander path (APWP) older than 10 Ma. The study shows that hematite precipitation was not uniform within the duricrust during lateritization, and seems to preserve traces of successive and distinct lateritization phases; thus the lower massive duricrust formed during a recent lateritization period, whereas the upper duricrust has preserved a paleomagnetic signal of an older lateritization phase. Our duricrust paleomagnetic interpretation is supported by SEM observations of changes in hematite morphology.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
RESEARCH ON THE THERMAL FATIGUE BEHAVIORS OF THE COMPOSITES MATERIAL SiCp/A356 USED ON THE HIGH-SPEED TRAIN

Thermal fatigue tests are carried out to the notch specimens made of particle-reinforced composites entitled SiCp/A356 between 20℃ and 300℃.The test results show that the thermal fatigue crack initiation lives of different specimens are relative to the notch radius and specimen thickness.The thermal elastic-plastic finite element method is used to simulate the stress and strain response at the notch root of the thermal fatigue test specimen,and thus the formation mechanism of residual stress is revealed.Then according to the thermal fatigue crack initiation life tests and finite element simulation of the stress-strain,the thermal fatigue strain life curves of SiCp/A356 material are given considering the residual stress.This can give the basis for the thermal fatigue property study of the particle reinforced composite SiCp/A356 used in high-speed train brake disc.

Field of study: Engineering
Saline distribution during multicomponent salting in pre-cooked quail eggs

The relationship of NaCl with problems of arterial hypertension has led to a reduction in the levels of this salt in food production. KCl has been used as a partial substitute for NaCl since it cannot be completely substituted without affecting the acceptability of the end product. In this study, the diffusion that occurs during quail egg salting in static and stirred brine was simulated. The mathematical model used was based on a generalization of the Fick’s 2 nd law, and the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the diffusion in the NaCl-KClwater system. The deviations in the simulated data and experimental data were 2.50% for NaCl and 6.98% for KCl in static brine, while in the stirred brine they were 3.48% for NaCl and 4.72% for KCl. The simulation results presented good agreement with the experimental values and validated the predictive capacity of the model.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Stimulated emission mechanism of a copper vapor laser

An investigation is made of the elementary processes and characteristics of a pulsed nanosecond discharge plasma in a copper vapor–buffer gas mixture and of their correlation with the laser energy parameters. It is shown that the saturation of the stimulated emission power with rising pressure must be associated with a drop in the effective electron temperature. The complex dependence of the stimulated emission energy on the buffer gas (neon) pressure is identified and explained. It is established that at high operating pressures the pulse repetition frequency is governed by the electron cooling rate and by the plasma recombination in the afterpulse interval. At low pressures and for small laser tube apertures the pulse frequency is governed by the quenching of the metastable states by the walls. The excitation conditions are optimized and an efficiency of 2.1 % is achieved.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science.

An appraisal of David Easton ' s contribution to political science must come to terms with the self-assessment that emerges in his own writings. If we consider what Easton says, first, about the relation of the behavioral movement to earlier political science and, second, about the standing of his systems approach among behavioral approaches generally, we are led to the conclusion that his systems theory is the towering achievement of an effort, now almost 2500 years old, to develop a philosophical or scientific understanding of political life. While I shall call this high assessment into question, my estimate of Easton ' s work is by no means wholly unfavorable. His theory of the political system, developed in great detail over the course of two decades, stands as the most imposing theoretical structure yet to emerge from the behavioral movement in political science. No other behavioral theorist has spoken to so broad a range of issues, both methodological and theoretical. I intend to show, however, that there are fundamental difficulties in Easton ' s methodology and theory which undercut his claim to have advanced decisively beyond traditional political philosophy.

Field of study: Political science
Testing strictly concave rationality

We prove that the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests the existence of a strictly quasiconcave (in fact, continuous, generically C(infinity), strictly concave, and strictly monotone) utility function generating finitely many demand observations. This sharpens earlier results of Afriat, Diewert, and Varian that tested ("nonparametrically") the existence of a piecewise linear utility function that could only weakly generate those demand observations. When observed demand is also invertible, we show that the rationalizing can be done in a C(infinity) way, thus extending a result of Chiappori and Rochet from compact sets to all of R(n). For finite data sets, one implication of our result is that even some weak types of rational behavior -- maximization of pseudotransitive or semitransitive preferences -- are observationally equivalent to maximization of continuous, strictly concave, and strictly monotone utility functions.

Field of study: Economics
Servant of the Renaissance: The Poetry and Prose of Nicolaus Olahus (review)

tions to the social unrest that accompanied its appearance in parts of Switzerland. In some ways Yoder’s portrayal of the beginnings of Swiss Anabaptism is surprisingly current. His treatment of church history as a branch of theology and the picture he paints of early Swiss Anabaptism blends well with some recent post-revisionist scholarship in the field, especially Andrea Strübind’s Eifriger als Zwingli: Die frühe Täuferbewegung in der Schweiz (2003). And his focus on interconfessional dialogue as the point to capture theological developments parallels recent focus in the field on the importance of conflict in the formation of confessional identity, as, for example, in Michael Driedger’s Obedient Heretics: Mennonite Identities in Lutheran Hamburg and Altona during the Confessional Age (2002). On the whole, however, Yoder’s analysis of early Swiss Anabaptism shows its age. His insistence on the normative nature of Swiss Anabaptism and denial of any connections between it and the great social movements of the age remain out of step with some of the most important research in the field in the last thirty-five years. Nonetheless, this is still an impressive book. The translation flows well while remaining true to the meaning of the original German text. Snyder’s editor’s preface does an excellent job of laying out the history of the text and placing it in the historiographical context from which it came. No less valuable is Neal Blough’s introduction that focuses more on Yoder the theologian and the relationship between history and theology in his thought. Given Yoder’s status as a theologian and the importance of history in his theology, making this work available to an English-speaking audience is a valuable undertaking. This is, then, an important publication, although, in the end, it will likely be of greater interest to students of twentieth-century Christian theology than scholars of the Renaissance and Reformation. GEOFFREY DIPPLE Augustana College,

Field of study: History
Thoughts on Enhancing Teacher's Moral Construction

The construction of teacher's moral is vital importance to the student moral quality, the moral idea in the educational fields, the level of the social moral thought and the practice of the strategy of"administering a country by the rule of virtue". In the new century, under the condition of the marketing economy, the policy, economy and the moral idea have changed greatly. Also changed the contents of the teacher's moral construction. The strategy of "administering a country by the rule of virtue" presented by Comrade Jiang Ze-min shows the teachers a higher request and aim. So to enhance and improve the teacher's moral construction is one of the important problems to be researched and solved in the education fields.

Field of study: Education
Science with an ngVLA: Probing Obscured MBH Accretion and Growth since Cosmic Dawn

Most of the stars today reside in galactic spheroids, whose properties are tightly tied to the supermassive black holes (MBHs) at their centers, implying that the accretion activity onto MBHs leaves a lasting imprint on the evolution of their host galaxies. Despite the importance of this so-called MBH-galaxy co-evolution, the physical mechanisms responsible for driving this relationship - such as the dominant mode of energetic feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) - remain a poorly understand aspect of galaxy assembly. A key challenge for identifying and characterizing AGN during the peak epoch of galaxy assembly and beyond is the presence of large columns of gas and dust, which fuels the growth of their MBHs but effectively obscures them from view in optical and X-ray studies. The high sensitivity of the ngVLA will capture emission from AGN in an extinction-free manner out to $z \sim 6$ and beyond. At lower-redshifts ($z \sim 2$), the high angular resolution of the ngVLA will enable spatially-resolved studies capable of localizing the sites of actively growing MBHs within their host galaxies during the peak epoch of cosmic assembly.

Field of study: Physics
Coalescent patterns in diploid exchangeable population models

A class of two-sex population models is considered with N females and equal number N of males constituting each generation. Reproduction is assumed to undergo three stages: 1) random mating, 2) exchangeable reproduction, 3) random sex assignment. Treating individuals as pairs of genes at a certain locus we introduce the diploid ancestral process (the past genealogical tree) for n such genes sampled in the current generation. Neither mutation nor selection are assumed. A convergence criterium for the diploid ancestral process is proved as N goes to infinity while n remains unchanged. Conditions are specified when the limiting process (coalescent) is the Kingman coalescent and situations are discussed when the coalescent allows for multiple mergers of ancestral lines.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
CATALYTIC FUNCTION OF A HOST–GUEST COMPLEX DERIVED FROM OCTOPUS AZAPARACYCLOPHANE AND HYDROPHOBIC VITAMIN B12 AS A HOLOENZYME MODEL

The isomerization reaction accompanied with carbon-skeleton rearrangement, as typically catalyzed by the vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, was simulated by employing the host–guest complexes formed with an octopus azaparacyclophane having eight hydrocarbon chains and hydrophobic vitamin B12 derivatives.

Field of study: Chemistry
Comprehensive Objectives for PPP Projects: Case of Beijing Olympic Stadium

This paper is concerned with issues relating to the need for clear and comprehensive objectives by parties toPublic- Private Partnership Projects: the case of Beijing Olympic Stadium, which is the first Public–PrivatePartnership project (PPPs) sporting complex in china. The discussion is illustrated by reference to the numerousrisks encountered throughout the development and construction of the project and also revealing theconcessional agreement that lead to the use of public private partnerships in building the 2008 Beijing OlympicStadium. The paper begins by discussing the definition of PPP, nature, development, competitive bidding, totalinvestment and sharing formula of the project partners, structure, operation process of the Beijing OlympicStadium (Bird’s Nest), the disagreement between the Project Company and Beijing Municipal Government(BMG) and also elucidate the three major disputes associated with the project and then give an overview of thedisputes resolution process in China.This case study also highlighted the intricacies seen, both in the implication of cancelling the retractable roofand the critical lessons learnt from the PPP project, as regards to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium. However,even with all the numerous disputes, risks , negotiation and re-negotiation, the project was completed within thestipulated period with a touch of unimaginable structural design at a reasonable cost, which happens to go a longway in assisting the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.The recommendation and lessons learnt from this case study includes that government support and commitmentare very vital for any unique project especially in innovative and complex design structure such as the BeijingNational Stadium (Bird’s Nest). Hence, during the signing of the preliminary agreement any project, awell-defined project scope must be visibly stated, formulated and clearly defined prior before signing theagreement. That the sharing of comprehensive common project aims and objectives must be the ultimate priorityof all stakeholders associated in the venture. And also the importance of engaging in a proper and effective riskmanagement strategy because private and public sector interests must work together at all times, for successfulcompletion of the project such as hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Field of study: Business
The adjuvant effects of chicken IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ and CpG DNA on HA DNA vaccines against H5 sub-type of avian influenza virus delivered by attenuated Salmonella

To evaluate the adjuvant effects of chicken IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γand specific CpG DNA on HA DNA vaccines against H5 subtype of avian influenza virus delivered by attenuated Salmonella. Meth- ods The recombinant expression plasmids and pVAX1 were transformed by electroporation into an attenuated Sal- monella typhimurium strain SL7207, and the recombinant bacteria were screened and designated as SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-IL2), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-IL18), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-IFN-γ), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-CpG), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA) and SL7207 (pVAX1) respectively. One-day-old commercial ISA brown chickens were im- munized orally and intranasally twice with the different recombinant Salmonella at dosage of 5×10~9 CFU at a two- week interval.  The significant increased of IgA titers were found in immunized groups of SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-CpG), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-IFN-γ) and SL7207 (pVAX1-HA)+SL7207 (pVAX1-IFN-γ) group. The titers of serum specific antibodies in positive control group were significantly higher than those of other groups three weeks at second PI (P0.05). After intranasally and orally challenged with virulent strain of H5 subtype of avain influenza virus, the protective index of SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-CpG), SL7207 (pVAX1-HA-IFN-γ) and posi- tive control groups were significantly higher than those of negative control groups (P0.01).  The adjuvant effects of CpG DNA are better than those of chicken IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-2 was not effective.

Field of study: Biology
Migration of a Meniscal Repair Implant Mimicking Meniscal Injury

Complications after arthroscopic meniscal suture repair have been reported. Migration of a meniscal repair implant mimicking meniscal injury is rare. A 28-year-old female had undergone Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction at another hospital 12 years ago . The remaining instability after ACL reconstruction resulted in medial meniscal damage, wear and narrowing in the posterior third. The H-fix that was used in the meniscal repair became detached, exposing the inside of the knee joint. Meniscal repair is a successful procedure in conjunction with ACL reconstruction. However, when knee instability after ACL reconstruction remains, the choice of meniscal repair implants may lead to potential complications even after long-term clinical follow-up.

Field of study: Medicine
On social relations of knowledge product in the productive process

In modern society, the process of producing is not only a process of material product to be produced， distributed, exchanged and consumed, but also a process of knowledge products to be produced, distributed, spread and applied. Not only the social relations that are formed among people during the process of material product to be produced, distributed, exchanged and consumed exist, but also the social relations that are formed among people during the process of knowledge products to be produced, spread and applied exist as well. With the development of socialist market－ economy system in our county, the social relations that are formed during the process of producing knowledge product will convert from unpaid, indirect and unprofitable to paid, direct and mutual profitable under planned－ economy system.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
When Does Responsiveness Pique Sexual Interest? Attachment and Sexual Desire in Initial Acquaintanceships

Three studies examined the contribution of attachment orientation and perceived partner responsiveness to sexual desire in initial acquaintanceships. In all studies, participants discussed a recent negative event with an unfamiliar, opposite-sex partner and then rated how responsive this partner had been during the interaction and their desire to have sex with him or her. Study 1 examined the association between perceived partner responsiveness and sexual desire in randomly paired strangers. Studies 2 and 3 experimentally manipulated partner responsiveness by standardized Instant Messages (Study 2) and a confederate’s responsive or unresponsive reactions during face-to-face interviews (Study 3). Results indicated that perceiving a partner as responsive was associated with heightened interest in sex with this partner, primarily among less avoidant people. These results are consistent with research showing that secure individuals see sex as a means of becoming close to relationship partners, whereas avoidant individuals tend to approach sex in distancing ways.

Field of study: Psychology
The water relations of the root–soil interface

The difference in hydrostatic pressure between the xylem of the leaf and the soil depends, for a given transpiration rate, on the series of hydraulic resistances encountered along this pathway. Many studies have shown that the sum of the resistances in the plant and the soil is too small to account for the fall in water pressure between the leaf xylem and the soil, especially when plants are growing in sandy soils, which are prone to dry rapidly. A resistance at the root-soil interface, caused possibly by poor contact between the roots and the soil, has been proposed to account for the discrepancy. We explored the resistance in the pathway from soil to leaf using a technique that allows precise and continuous non-destructive measurement of the hydrostatic pressure in the leaf xylem. When the soil was leached with water, the fall in leaf water status as the soil dried was reasonably well described by a simple physical model without the need to invoke an interfacial resistance. However, when the soil was flushed with a nutrient solution with an osmotic pressure of 70kPa, the hydrostatic pressure in the leaf xylem fell several times faster than that in the soil. We suggest that solutes accumulated either in the root or just outside it, creating large osmotic pressures, which gave the appearance of an interfacial resistance.

Field of study: Environmental science
Mobility of electrons in nondegenerate semiconductors considering electron-electron scattering

Spitzer andHärm  have investigated the velocity distribution of electrons in the presence of a weak electric field in an ionized gas. Introducing the concept of time of relaxation τ′, due to electron-ion and electron-electron scattering, and using the results ofSpitzer andHärm , the authors have obtained an expression for τ′ which is applicable to semiconductors with little modification. In this paper the authors have used this expression for τ′ to obtain the mobility of electrons in nondegenerate semiconductors, taking into account the scattering by lattice vibrations, electron-ion interactions and electron-electron interactions.

Field of study: Physics