nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
PRR11 Overexpression Facilitates Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through Activation of the PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin Pathway

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, mainly due to the advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients and high rate of relapse. Thus, it is still essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the diagnostic and therapeutic targets of OC. Recent studies have revealed that proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) is dysregulated in different cancers, participating in their initiation and progression; however, it remains unclear whether PRR11 is involved in OC.  Immunohistochemical staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and western blotting were performed to evaluate PRR11 expression in OC tissues and cells. The relationship between PRR11 expression and the clinicopathologic data of patients were analyzed. We upregulated and downregulated PRR11 expression using a PRR11 overexpression vector and PRR11-specifc small interfering RNA, respectively, to further clarify its role in the malignant biological behavior of OC in vitro.  Overexpression of PRR11 in OC tissues and cells significantly correlated with advanced FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and large tumor size. Downregulation of PRR11 inhibited cell proliferation and prevented the invasion and migration of HO-8910 OC cells, whereas opposite results were observed in Caov3 cells upon PRR11 upregulation. Further analyses showed that PRR11 positively regulated cell proliferation-related proteins, including c-myc and cyclin D1, and increased and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, respectively. Additionally, our preliminary results demonstrated that PRR11 expression was mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.  The results of this study provide evidence that PRR11 plays a critical role in the progression and metastasis of OC, and as such, may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in OC.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Changes of soil bacterial communities in bamboo plantations at different elevations.

The effect of altitude on the distribution of plants and animals has been well studied. In contrast, the response of microbes to elevation is poorly understood. To determine whether soil bacterial communities respond to altitudinal gradients, moso bamboo forest soils along a gradient of six elevations from 600 to 1800 m were investigated using the barcoded pyrosequencing method. The results revealed that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria predominated in the six communities, although the relative abundances were different. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis with the abundant OTUs showed that the community composition possessed a complex relationship with elevation. The communities at 1000 and 1200 m were similar and possessed higher levels of diversity than the communities at both lower and higher elevations, giving the diversity a hump-backed trend with elevation. By contrast, the soil C and N and microbial biomass properties increased linearly with elevation. Thus, the complex response of the bacterial community composition and diversity across elevation could not be explained as a simple response to elevation and presumably results from interactions between multiple factors such as soil organic matter content and temperature.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
The Curriculum Development in Training Teachers Providing Mainstreaming Programs for Children with Special Needs in Primary School Level, Southern Thailand

In Thailand, children with special needs have fewer benefits in inclusive education mainly because instructors are not trained as special education teachers. The ultimate goal of this research was to construct training curriculum for the instructors, providing them with knowledge to better manage these children. The purposes of this research were to study the present situation of the special education services among special needs children at primary level in Area 1, Songkhla Province, South Thailand, identify barriers and needs of teachers within the mainstream programs, construct a training curriculum for teachers and to assess the effectiveness of the proposed curriculum.The curriculum development program comprised four steps. First, the present situation in providing special education services was studied; the barriers and the needs of teachers were identified. Second, the curriculum for training purposes was written. Third, the trial training curriculum and its assessment were carried out. Fourth, the curriculum was revised. The research design was one group pretest - posttest. The sample consisted of 20 representative teachers. The results of the research showed that the effectiveness of the curriculum was scored as 82.07/81.17, slightly higher than the set criteria of 80/80 indicating that the curriculum was appropriate for implementation. There was a significant different at the.01 level among the average posttest and pretest scores of the participants. The results of the test indicated that this curriculum improved knowledge of the teachers. Positive teacher comments included: increase of knowledge, understanding the benefits of the training, ability to apply knowledge, better skills in the management of teaching children with special needs and increased self confidence. This training course has been promoted to other inclusive schools in the area. It should be noted that the development of the training course needs to be conducted on a continuous basis.  10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p124

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Dependence of Corneal Epithelial Cell Proliferation on Modulation of Interactions Between ERK1/2 and NKCC1

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor stimulation or protein kinase C (PKC) activation enhances corneal epithelial cell proliferation. This response is needed to maintain corneal transparency and vision. We clarify here in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) the cause and effect relationships between ERK1/2 and NKCC1 phosphorylation induced by EGF receptor or PKC activation. Furthermore, the roles are evaluated of NF-ĸB and ERK1/2 in mediating negative feedback control of ERK1/2 and NKCC1 phosphorylation through modulating DUSP1 and DUSP6 expression levels. Intracellular Ca2+ rises induced by EGF elicited NKCC1 phosphorylation through ERK1/2 activation. Bumetanide suppressed EGF-induced NKCC1 phosphorylation, transient cell swelling and cell proliferation. This cause and effect relationship is similar to that induced by PKC stimulation. NKCC1 activation occurred through time-dependent increases in protein-protein interaction between ERK1/2 and NKCC1, which were proportional to EGF concentration. DUSP6 upregulation obviated EGF and PKC-induced NKCC1 phosphorylation. NF-ĸB inhibition by PDTC prolonged ERK1/2 activation through GSK-3 inactivation leading to declines in DUSP1 expression levels. These results show that EGF receptor and PKC activation induce increases in HCEC proliferation through ERK1/2 interaction with NKCC1. This response is modulated by changes in DUSP1- and DUSP6-mediated negative feedback control of ERK1/2-induced NKCC1 phosphorylation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
The Second Hochschild Cohomology Group for a Class of One-Parametric Self-Injective Algebras

In this paper we determine the second Hochschild cohomology group for a class of self-injective algebras of tame representation type namely, those which are standard one-parametric but not weakly symmetric. These were classifed up to derived equivalence by Bocian, Holm and Skowro\'nski. We connect this to the deformation of these algebras.

Field of study: Mathematics
Study on production of Geotrichun candidum in high concentration inosine wastewater

The fermentation medium of GC1 strain which was isolated from pickle-slurry was selected through a series of tests.The compositions of optimal medium were as follows: molasses 2%,ammoniums tartrate 1% and initial pH5.5.The optimal medium volume in 250 mL flask was 100 mL.23.32 g dry cell/L medium and 19.81 g single cell protein/L medium were produced by strain GC1 with above mentioned conditions after growing at 28 ℃ for 2 days,and approximately 30% of COD removal and 27% of decolorization were achieved.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
PURIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL BIOFLOCCULANT

This paper mainly discussed a flocculant-producing bacteria isolated from soil and the flocculating substance secreted into the medium.Preliminary studies identified the bacteria CCTCC M201005 as Nocardia species.Its growth and metabolism were studied.More than 80% of the flocculating activity was detected in the culture broth.A new bioflocculant--REA-11 was purified by repeated ethanol precipitation,ion exchange and gel chromatography from the culture broth.Its molecular mass was estimated to be over 10 5?g·mol -1 by the gel filtration method.The results of investigation on the purified REA-11 and its acid hydrolysate by colcrimetric analysis,paper chromatography,HPLC and GC-MS suggested that REA-11 was a novel acidic polysaccharide mainly composed of galactocuronic acid with little acetic acid but no hexosamine detected.Protein was not a necessary part for the flocculating activity of REA-11,but mainly assisting in connecting the monosaccharides in the macromolecule or maintaining the dimensional conformation of the active biopolymer.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A Comparison of Three Age-based Formulae of Estimating Weight in Nigerian Children

In children drug doses, fluid therapy and other treatment modalities are calculated on the basis of weight. In some clinical situations weight measurement becomes impracticable and estimation has to be made. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of the Advance Paediatric Life Support(APLS), Luscombe and Argall formulae in estimating the weight of children in developing environment of Southern Nigerian. Children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the Children Outpatient Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar were recruited into the study. The weights of these children were measured using standard procedure. These were then compared with the values obtained by the Advanced Paediatric Life Support, Luscombe and Argall formulae. One hundred and fourteen (114) children (63 males and 51 females) were recruited. There was no significant difference between the sexes in regards to their mean age, measured weight and estimated weights differences. The APLS formula under estimated the weights while Luscombe and Argall formulae overestimated the weights. However the mean percentage difference between the measured weight was least with the Argall formula in children above five years while children one to five years had the least mean percentage weight difference with APLS formula.  The APLS formula significantly underestimated the weight in children above five years while Luscombe formula significantly overestimated the weights in all age groups. The Argall formula minimally overestimated the weight in all the age groups but had the least mean weight difference in children above five years. In our environment, the APLS formula might be more accurate for weight estimation in children 1-5 years and Argall formula for 6-14 years.

Field of study: Medicine
ANALYSIS OF SCREW DISLOCATION IN LAYER PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL

The electro-elastic interaction of a piezoelectric screw dislocation with interface is discussed in this paper. The elastic and electrical fields produced by a straight screw dislocation in layered piezoelectric half-space are derived through the use of Fourier transform. Based on the derived solutions, the distribution characteristics of the stresses and electric displacements are plotted. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the influences of dislocation location, piezoelectric effect and material properties on the interfacial stresses and image force. The obtained results show that: the piezoelectric effect is able to change the interaction of a screw dislocation with an interface and a free boundary; the difference of elastic constants has obvious influence on the interfacial stress.

Field of study: Engineering
Inhibitory effects of exosomes derived from human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells on the maturation and function of dendritic cells in mice

To investigate the effects of exosomes derived from human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (hDPSC-exosomes) on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DC) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to evaluate their regulatory effects on the immune system. 
 
 
 
Adult permanent teeth-derived dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro to extract exosomes in the cell culture medium. The morphology and sizes of the exosomes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Expression of CD9 and CD63 on the surface of the exosomes was detected by Western blot. PBS, LPS and LPS+ hDPSC-exosomes were respectively used to stimulate mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC2.4) for 24 h. A blank control group was set up accordingly. Expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Expression of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB at mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Changes in the functions of DC were evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). 
 
 
 
Adult permanent teeth-derived dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated. Up-regulated CD73 and CD90, and down-regulated CD45 were detected on the surface of the cells. Under electron microscopy (SEM), hDPSC-exosomes showed round or oval microcapsule bodies about 50-80 nm in diameter with positive surface markers of CD9 and CD63. hDPSCs-exosomes could significantly reduce the LPS-induced expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD11c and CD86 on DC surface. Moreover, hDPSCs-exosomes increased TGF-β expression and decreased IL-4. They could also significantly inhibit the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes that was induced by DC after LPS stimulation. Compared with the blank control group, hDPSC-exosomes could promote the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on DC surface and up-regulate the expression of NF-κB. 
 
 
 
This study showed that hDPSC-exosomes could inhibit the activation and functional maturation of DC, promote the development towards tolerant DC through TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway, and induce immune tolerance to regulate immune balance. 
 
 
 
Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell; Exosome; Dendritic cell; Immunoregulation

Field of study: Biology
Rotational and Contracting Tilings of Ordinary Images in Hyperbolic Limit Disk

To construct the limit disk patterns with hyperbolic symmetries from ordinary images,we set the computing regions,which are corresponding to images,and the hyperbolic limit disks in the same Euclidian plane.We regard the ordinary images as strange attractors of some IFS iterated function systems.We investigate the relative positional relations between a vertex or the midpoint of one border about central lattice of the hyperbolic limit disk and the farmost point from the original in the strange attractors so that the compression ratios and rotational angles can be automatically obtained to compress images into the central lattice of a hyperbolic plane with p-rotational symmetry.We compress the point selected randomly from the image into the hyperbolic plane by choosing hyperbolic symmetric matrixes according to cumulative probabilities,which were calculated about the area compression ratios for every matrixes in the Euclidian plane.The research shows that our method to generate the hyperbolic limit disks with symmetry + or presented in this paper is simple and effective.

Field of study: Computer science
Validation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC level 2 "atmPrf" global temperature data in the stratosphere

GPS radio occultations by Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) provide bending angle profiles, which are further processed to give profiles of temperature and water vapour in the lower atmosphere and electron density in the upper atmosphere. The level 2 "atmPrf" (atmospheric profile) product of version 2010.2640 gives temperature from surface to 0.2 hPa (~ 60 km). This is a dry temperature data product that does not include relative humidity in the inversion process and hence is reliable at altitudes

Field of study: Environmental science
THE BIAS IN CERTAIN ESTIMATES OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE EXTREME-VALUE DISTRIBUTION

This paper is mostly concerned with a modification of the maximumlikelihood estimate of the scale parameter of the extreme-value distribution for which the bias can be explicitly obtained. A formula for computing this bias is derived, and bias factors are tabulated for sample sizes from n = 2 to n = 112. A brief comparison is made between this estimator and the optimum linear estimator for a sample of size n = 6. Attention is called to a bias which results from the maximum-likelihood estimate of the second parameter, and formulas for the bias and the variance of this estimate are obtained. In the concluding section, the significance of certain aspects of the maximum-likelihood estimate of the scale parameter in practical applications is briefly discussed. 1. The equations for the maximum-likelihood estimate of the parameters. Given the extreme-value distribution of Type I

Field of study: Mathematics
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Ultra-High-Quality AlGaAs/GaAs Heterostructures: Enabling Physics in Low-Dimensional Electronic Systems

Among very-low-disorder systems of condensed matter, the high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)–gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterostructures holds a privileged position as a platform for the discovery of new electronic states driven by strong Coulomb interactions. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), an ultra-high vacuum (UHV), thin-film deposition technique, produces the highest quality 2DEGs and has played a central role in a number of discoveries that have at their root the interplay of reduced dimensionality, strong electron-electron interactions, and disorder. This review attempts to describe the latest developments in heterostructure design, MBE technology, and the evolution of our understanding of disorder that result in improved material quality and facilitate discovery of new phenomena at ever finer energy scales.

Field of study: Physics
Reviewing Conservative Relationship between Accounting and Corporate Governance Mechanisms

This research has the aim of reviewing relationship between some corporate governance mechanisms and conservatism in financial reports. Conservatism is potentially useful for corporate governance in some ways: first it reduce opportunistic engagement of management against itself. Second, it results in management report about loss from selling assets and ceases operation and finally it prevents continuity of management investment in projects with negative net present value. Estimated coefficient of independent variable of ownership concentration is positive and their p-value is less than 5%, so it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between ownership concentration and conservative accounting and the first sub-hypothesis is accepted. Estimated coefficient of independent variable of BD (Board of directors) size is positive and its p-value is higher than 5%, so it can be said that there is no significant relationship between BD size and conservative accounting then the second sub-hypothesis is rejected. Estimated coefficient of independent variable of BD composition is positive and its p-value is less than 5%, so it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between BD composition and conservative accounting then the third sub-hypothesis is accepted. Estimated coefficient of independent variable of shareholder directors is negative and its p-value is higher than 5%, so it can be said that there is no significant relationship between shareholder directors and conservative accounting then the forth sub-hypothesis is rejected.

Field of study: Business
Counting statistics of charge pumping in an open system

Electron counting statistics of a current pump in an open system has universal form in the weak pumping current regime. In the time domain, charge transmission is described by two uncorrelated Poisson processes, corresponding to electron transmission in the right and left direction. Overall noise is super-poissonian, and can be reduced to poissonian by tuning the amplitude and phase of driving signal so that current to noise ratio is maximized. Measuring noise in this regime provides a new method for determining charge quantum in an open system without any fitting parameters.

Field of study: Physics
Almost a Century of “Imaging” Clouds Over the Whole-Sky Dome

Meteorological whole-sky photography can be traced back to just after the turn of the century. Capturing an objective and well-determined view of the cloud cover over the whole-sky dome has been one of the principal goals of subsequent developments. Three types of photographic systems have been devised: refracting, reflecting, and moving film systems. A moving film apparatus seems to have been the first to capture a whole-sky view, but the technology has not advanced far since then. Reflecting systems are the cheapest for do-it-yourself enthusiasts, but refracting systems are readily purchased. The problem of selecting the most useful method for projection of the sky onto the film has arisen many times in the last 70 yr. Although an equidistant projection system makes relative distance determination easier, cloud amount can be most readily determined from a photograph produced by an equal-area projection system. If such a system is not used, the grid superimposed on the image must correct for are...

Field of study: Environmental science
Structural chemistry of Si-H compounds

The structural chemistry of SiH compounds is a vast topic. I shall touch on only a few aspects of its complexity in this lecture, which could be divided into two parts. The first part deals with some attempts to determine the geometry of molecular silicon compounds, and the second with the application of n.m.r. spectroscopy to some problems of silicon chemistry. In each of these fields, it is a real advantage to work with SiH compounds. In the determination of the structure of a molecule by almost any method, it is easiest to work with the simplest derivative possible; thus SiHa-compounds are much easier to study than SiRa-derivatives, whether by electron diffraction, microwave spectroscopy, or vibrational spectroscopy. In n.m.r., the resonance of H directly bound to Si should give more direct information about the other groups bound to silicon, because the proton is closer to the active site than are protons in alkyl groups attached to the silicon atom.

Field of study: Chemistry