nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Matching Algorithm for Isodensity Contours of Faces Based on its Chain Coded Description and The Interpolation of Isodensity Contours

A personal identification system based on isodensity maps in which the properties of a face is well reflected has been proposed. In the conventional method, however, there were problems in terms of memory requirements for registration of facial images and the processing time. To improve these problems, a new matching scheme using chain coded isodensity maps is proposed. Isodensity contours are the line pictures. Therefore, it can be convert to chain codes. By using the coded isodensity contours, the improvement of the processing performance can be expected in terms of the processing time and the memory size required. In this paper, a robust personal identification system for angled faces based on the chain coded isodensity maps is presented.

Field of study: Computer science
How perfect can graphene be?

We have identified the cyclotron resonance response of the purest graphene ever investigated, which can be found in nature on the surface of bulk graphite, in the form of decoupled layers from the substrate material. Probing such flakes with Landau level spectroscopy in the THz range at very low magnetic fields, we demonstrate a superior electronic quality of these ultralow density layers (n_{0} approximately 3 x 10;{9} cm;{-2}) expressed by the carrier mobility in excess of 10;{7} cm;{2}/(V * s) or scattering time of tau approximately 20 ps. These parameters set new and surprisingly high limits for intrinsic properties of graphene and represent an important challenge for further developments of current graphene technologies.

Field of study: Physics
Enhanced Dielectric Properties and High-Temperature Microwave Absorption Performance of Zn-Doped Al2O3 Ceramic

To improve the dielectric and microwave absorption properties of Al2O3 ceramic, Zn-doped Al2O3 ceramic was prepared by conventional ceramic processing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that Zn atoms successfully entered the Al2O3 ceramic lattice and occupied Al sites. The complex permittivity increased with increasing Zn concentration, which is mainly attributed to the increase in charged vacancy defects and densification of the Al2O3 ceramic. In addition, the temperature-dependent complex permittivity of 3% Zn-doped Al2O3 ceramic was determined in the temperature range from 298 K to 873 K. Both the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity increased monotonically with increasing temperature, which can be ascribed to the shortened relaxation time and increasing electrical conductivity. The increased complex permittivity leads to a great improvement in microwave absorption. In particular, when the temperature is up to 873 K, the 3% Zn-doped Al2O3 ceramic exhibited the best absorption performance with a maximum peak (−12.1 dB) and broad effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss less than −10 dB from 9.3 GHz to 12.3 GHz). These results reveal that Zn-doped Al2O3 ceramic is a promising candidate for use as a kind of high-temperature microwave absorption material.

Field of study: Materials science
Student Participation in the University Decision-Making Process.

It is apparent that the roles of faculty, students, and administrators in campus governance are poorly defined, and that the organizational structures in which these roles are performed are loosely constructed. Growth in higher education in the sixties was a process of multiplication and duplication, and the process worked reasonably well in an earlier day when institutions were less complex. In those days most faculty members knew each other personally and were engaged in the institution's primary mission of teaching. Perhaps such conditions continue to predominate in some colleges and universities, but for the rapidly expanding state colleges and multiversities, a new set of problems has been created. Clark states that if a society is to exist in the gigantic campus, it must be planned for and worked at.1 At present, growth is too fast and specialization too fragmented for informal channels of university communication to survive. Clark contends that we need to develop substructures that promote informal

Field of study: Education
The re-stocking of captive-bred ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) into the Betampona Reserve, Madagascar: methodology and recommendations

Since November 1997 the Madagascar Fauna Group has released 13 captive-bred black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) into the Betampona Reserve in eastern Madagascar. The release programme has three major aims: (1) to assess the ability of captive-bred V. v. variegata to adapt to life in their natural habitat; (2) to investigate the contribution that such a release programme can make to reinforcing the existing small wild population of V. v. variegata in Betampona; and (3) to contribute to the long-term protection and conservation of the reserve. Criteria for the selection of release candidates, veterinary screening and pre-release experience in naturalistic environments are described and discussed. Methods for post-release monitoring of health and behaviour are covered in detail. The importance of considering the social dynamics of the species involved is emphasised. The survival of five of the releasees, plus successful reproduction and integration with the wild population have led to the conclusion that the release was a success.

Field of study: Environmental science
Structural phase transition of monoclinic crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme.

Two monoclinic crystals (space group P2(1)) of hen egg-white lysozyme, a type I crystal grown at room temperature in a D2O solution with pD 4.5 containing 2%(w/v) sodium nitrate and a type II crystal grown at 313 K in a 10%(w/v) sodium chloride solution with pH 7.6, were each transformed into another monoclinic crystal with the same space group by dehydration-induced phase transition. Changes in X-ray diffraction were recorded to monitor the progress of the crystal transformation, which started with the appearance of diffuse streaks. In both crystals, the intensity of h + l odd reflections gradually weakened and finally disappeared on completion of the transformation. X-ray diffraction in the intermediate state indicated the presence of lattices of both the native and transformed crystals. In the native type I crystal, two alternate conformations were observed in the main chain of the region Gly71-Asn74. One conformer bound a sodium ion which was replaced with a water molecule in the other conformer. In the transformed crystal, the sodium ion was removed and the main-chain conformation of this region was converted to that of the water-bound form. The transformed crystal diffracted to a higher resolution than the native crystal, while the peak width of the diffraction spots increased. Analysis of the thermal motion of protein molecules using the TLS model has shown that the enhancement of the diffraction power in the transformed crystal is mainly ascribable to the suppression of rigid-body motion owing to an increase in intermolecular contacts as a result of the loss of bulk solvent.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effects of theophylline on CD4+ T lymphocyte, interleukin-5, and interferon gamma in induced sputum of asthmatic subjects.

To investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of theophylline on asthma.



Nineteen asthmatic subjects were administered 200 mg sustained-release theophylline twice daily for 4 weeks. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in sputum pre- and post-administration were measured by direct immunofluorescene technique, Wright's stain and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The symptom scores and lung function were also evaluated.



Theophylline treatment significantly improved symptom scores and FEV1.0, FEV1.0 % (P < 0.05) and reduced sputum eosinophils (P < 0.01) in asthmatic subjects. These were accompanied by a decrease in sputum IL-5 level (P < 0.01), but sputum CD4+ T lymphocytes and IFN-gamma had no significant change (P >0.05). The mean (range) serum theophylline concentration in final steady state was 7.9 (3.9 - 12.9) mg/L.



The anti-inflammatory action of theophylline in asthma may result from reduction of IL-5 production in the airways.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Soft mode sound velocity of A 15 compounds in high magnetic fields

Sound velocity measurements in strong magnetic fields can be used to obtain information about the shape of the electronic density of states in systems where it is strongly peaked in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. This is shown by comparing the observed soft mode stiffening of V3Si in high fields with theoretical results based on different models for the density of states. Other materials expected to show similar effects, are proposed.

Field of study: Physics
Varying the costs of sunk costs: optimal and non-optimal choices in a sunk-cost task with humans.

Twelve adult human subjects were exposed to a sunk-cost procedure with two options: a mixed-ratio schedule of points later exchangeable for money, and an escape schedule that cancelled the current trial and initiated a new one. The mixed ratio included four values, arranged probabilistically in such a way that the expected ratios favored either persistence or escape. These probabilities were varied systematically on a within-subject basis across conditions. Absolute ratio size was thus varied across four groups of three subjects each, yielding unique combinations of expected ratios from escaping and persisting. When the differences between escaping and persisting differed the least, subjects tended to persist, committing the sunk-cost error. When the differences between persisting and escaping differed by a larger margin, choice patterns tended toward optimal-escaping or persisting as a function of the contingencies. These findings demonstrate that sunk-cost decision-making errors in humans are sensitive to their relative costs and benefits, and illustrate a promising set of methods for bringing such behavior under experimental control in the laboratory.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Effects of Copper Stress on the Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Induction Kinetics of Amaranthus mangostanus L.

The effect of Cu-added nutrient fluid on the root of Amaranthus mangostanus L.was investigated in this experiment.Also,the function changes of the photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ) reaction center in Amaranthus mangostanus L.,and the influences of copper in donor and acceptor sides of this system were investigated by the method of fluorescence induction kinetics.The results showed that copper stress inactivated the PSⅡreaction center in the leaves of Amaranthus mangostanus L.,decreased the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(FV/FM),and damaged the acceptor side of PSⅡseriously and inhibited the transfer of linear electrons,and also did harm to the oxygen evolving complexes(OEC) of the donor side of PSⅡ.It could be concluded that the damage of copper stress in Amaranthus mangostanus L.was begun from the donor and acceptor sides of PSⅡin leaves.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Managers' Perceptions of Information System Project Success

The adequate measurement of information system project success is a yet unsolved problem. Although researchers agree on the concept's multi-dimensionality, a generally accepted definition does still not exist. This article presents findings from a confirmatory study with 86 projects to test three alternative approaches to measure information system project success using the project managers' subjective perceptions of project success and its potential dimensions. Our results suggest that the traditional way of assessing project success is inadequate to assess the overall success of an information system project. Project management should focus on process efficiency and on best satisfying customers' needs instead of solely on keeping plans.

Field of study: Computer science
The Study on Mediating Effect of Logistics Industry on Manufacturing Competitiveness

Based on the panel data of logistics industry and manufacturing industry in China from 2003 to 2015, this paper demonstrates the influence of logistics development on the scale of production and the impact of production cost through the empirical test of intermediary effect, so as to determine the existence of transmission mechanism of manufacturing competitiveness. The results show that the development of the logistics industry has a significant effect on the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing industry; and the scale of production and the cost of production are partly related to the influence of the logistics industry on the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry; within it the intermediary effect of the production scale is more obvious. And last the logistics industry is to promote the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector.

Field of study: Engineering
Different Strokes for Different Folks: Examining Additive and Complimentary Effects of the Advisory Working Alliance and Research Team Cohesion on Trainees’ Research Outcomes

A primary task of scientific and scientist-practitioner training programs is to assist graduate students in acquiring research skills and, ultimately, developing research and scientific acumen. Informed by Gelso’s (1979) model of effective research training environments (RTEs), we assessed the effect of the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion on trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity. With a sample of 76 counseling psychology doctoral trainees nested within 34 advisors, we examined the association between the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion and trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity. Next, we used polynomial regression and response surface analysis to test the additive and complementary effects between the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion on trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity. Univariate analyses indicated that the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion were positively associated with trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity. Moreover, polynomial regression models and response surface analyses indicated an additive effect between the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion on trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity, such that trainees’ research self-efficacy and research activity were highest when the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion were consistent and high. Lastly, we found a complementary effect between the advisory working alliance and research team cohesion for trainees’ research self-efficacy, meaning research self-efficacy was highest when students perceived either (a) high advisory working alliance and low research team cohesion or (b) low advisory working alliance and high research team cohesion. Training implications and future directions are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
The Effectiveness of Teams in Teaching COBAL Programming: an Empirical Study

A structured team approach in learning introductory COBOL programming was empirically assessed with a sample of 215 undergraduate business administration majors. For each assigned program, students in the experimental group read and critiqued team members’ program listings. COBOL proficiency was measured by a final examination testing knowledge of language rules, ability to read a program, and the ability to write a program. Analysis of multiple covariance was used to statistically adjust test scores for age and conditional reasoning scores. For the program writing variable, a significant difference favoring the experimental group was found. The language rules variable showed no significant difference, while the reading variable did not satisfy the required assumptions of the proposed statistical model. However, the experimental group showed higher mean scores for both of these variables. The findings provide empirical support for incorporating team activities into the programming learning process to more...

Field of study: Education
Regeneration of amino compounds from the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl derivatives by treatment with hydrazine

2,4,6-Trinitrophenylalanine gave free alanine and 1-hydroxy-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole by treating with aqueous solution of hydrazine at pH 7–9 and 30 °C. Applying the reaction to partially trinitrophenylated derivative of lima bean trypsin inhibitor, the fully active protein could be regenerated almost quantitatively.

Field of study: Chemistry
Filtered modules on moment graphs and periodic patterns

We define and study a certain category that naturally arises from the quotient of an affine moment graph by the action of a root lattice. We show that it contains enough projectives and that the standard multiplicities of indecomposable projectives are given by Lusztig's periodic polynomials, if the characteristic of the ground field is zero or big enough. Then we relate it to the combinatorial category defined by Andersen, Jantzen and Soergel (and hence to the theory of G_1T-modules).

Field of study: Mathematics
Effects of Perinuclear Chromosome Tethers in the Telomeric URA3/5FOA System Reflect Changes to Gene Silencing and not Nucleotide Metabolism

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences that protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Telomeres also recruit histone deacetylase complexes that can then spread along chromosome arms and repress the expression of subtelomeric genes in a process known as telomere position effect (TPE). In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, association of telomeres with the nuclear envelope is thought to promote TPE by increasing the local concentration of histone deacetylase complexes at chromosome ends. Importantly, our understanding of TPE stems primarily from studies that employed marker genes inserted within yeast subtelomeres. In particular, the prototrophic marker URA3 is commonly used to assay TPE by negative selection on media supplemented with 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5FOA). Recent findings suggested that decreased growth on 5FOA-containing media may not always indicate increased expression of a telomeric URA3 reporter, but can rather reflect an increase in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) function and nucleotide metabolism. Thus, we set out to test if the 5FOA sensitivity of subtelomeric URA3-harboring cells in which we deleted various factors implicated in perinuclear telomere tethering reflects changes to TPE and/or RNR. We report that RNR inhibition restores 5FOA resistance to cells lacking RNR regulatory factors but not any of the major telomere tethering and silencing factors, including Sir2, cohibin, Mps3, Heh1, and Esc1. In addition, we find that the disruption of tethering pathways in which these factors participate increases the level of URA3 transcripts originating from the telomeric reporter gene and abrogates silencing of subtelomeric HIS3 reporter genes without altering RNR gene expression. Thus, increased 5FOA sensitivity of telomeric URA3-harboring cells deficient in telomere tethers reflects the dysregulation of TPE but not RNR. This is key to understanding relationships between telomere positioning, chromatin silencing, and lifespan.

Field of study: Biology
Magnetic Field Optimization of an In-Vacuum Undulator at NSLS-II Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

A 3.0 m long In-Vacuum Undulator (IVU) is employed at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) for the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) beamline providing structural and X-ray fluorescence imaging with world-leading spatial resolution. On July 1st 2018 a gearbox shaft in the gap drive train assembly sheared due to corrosion fatigue caused by stress due to mechanical misalignment. The device was extracted from the storage ring and measured. The magnetic field measurements detected a degradation of the magnetic performance as well as a localized demagnetization of the magnetic modules of the first 3 upstream periods. This paper describes the mechanical repairs and the magnetic phase shimming optimization implemented to restore the spectral performance of the device.

Field of study: Physics
Research of Security for P2P Network Technology

P2P network technology offers information resource for people, it increases availability and robustness of P2P network, but brings new security problems of network too. First, this paper introduces security advantage of P2P network, then analyses security threatening of P2P network facing, finally introduces how to design prevention model of P2P network, and provides some prospect of P2P network technology about P2P network security.

Field of study: Computer science
[Modern studies of the role of the vomeronasal system in the perception of pheromones and their impact on social and sexual behavior].

The vomeronasal system (VNS) provides regulation of a wide range of autonomic and affective functions, behavioral reactions in response to the specific chemical stimuli pheromones secreted by mammals, including humans. The results of experimental studies confirming the existence of VNS and explaining the basic mechanisms of its functioning are presented. The results of studies of healthy volunteers, explaining the effect of pheromones on a number of functions of the human body, are considered.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Glacier-fed(?) sandstone sheets in the Weller Coal Measures (Permian), Allan Hills, Antarctica

The upper member of the Weller Coal Measures (Permian) at Allan Hills, Victoria Land, Antarctica, consists of repetitive coal layers separated by sheetlike bodies of predominantly sandstone and subordinate siltstone and conglomerate, all of fluvial origin. Investigation of the lowermost inter-coal sheet (WC1) reveals abrupt planar basal contacts, persistent upward fining, and a strong westward palaeocurrent trend. Three lithofacies are recognized in the WC1 sheet: (A) small-scale cross-bedded pebbly sandstone, which occupies most of the basal portions of the sheet, (B) large-scale cross-bedded medium-coarse sandstone, confined to a linear NE–SW belt overlying or locally replacing facies A, and (C) siltstone and rippled fine-grained sandstone, which drapes and overlaps facies A and B and contains Glossopteris leaves and Vertebraria root traces. Facies distribution patterns indicate the WC1 body initiated as an abrupt sheetlike incursion of coarse sediment over a low-lying mire (facies A), followed by entrenchment and confinement of flow as the sheet extended distally (facies B). Facies C represents low-energy floodplain sedimentation co-existing with and later succeeding facies B as deposition evolved toward abandonment and eventual renewal of peat deposition. Relatively rapid deposition of the sandstone sheet is implied by the lack of any significant hiatus markers. Outsized clasts up to 45 cm in diameter, one observed to display prominent striations, occur sporadically throughout the WC1, including within siltstone beds of facies C. These are inferred to be ice-rafted deposits which, together with other evidence, suggest meltwater influence, possibly glacial, on sediment transport and deposition. Preliminary examination of other sandstone sheets in the upper Weller indicates attributes similar to the WC1, including abrupt bases, upward-fining character, and predominantly westward palaeocurrent patterns. The Allan Hills exposures are believed to represent a succession of low-lying mire complexes interrupted by abrupt but infrequent incursions of coarse sediment, possibly by extreme meltwater floods.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography