nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-range symmetry breaking induced structural collapse and Tc enhancement in 122-type iron pnictide superconductors

In this paper, we investigate analytically the experimental observations of structural collapse and Tc enhancement in the rare earth-doped 122-type iron-based pnictide superconductors [S. R. Saha et.al. Phys. Rev. B 85, 024525 (2012),  (2011); B. Lv et al. PNAS 108, 15705 (2011).]. Based on the real-space effective c-axis lattice constant theory of superconductivity [X. Q. Huang, ], it is shown that the abrupt c-axis reduction of the superconductors is due to the structural phase transition (an ultra-short-range symmetry breaking) of the charge stripe lattice. The existence of this phase transition corresponds to the change from the full-doped superconducting planes to the half-doped superconducting planes in the studied superconductors. It is estimated that this phase transition may help to promote the superconducting transition temperature of the 122 family up to as high as 80 K.

Field of study: Physics
Late Pleistocene glacial forest of Humaitá—Western Amazonia

Glacial-aged vegetation dynamics of the Humaita—Western Brazilian Amazonia were studied by pollen, sedimentary facies, 14 C dating, δ 13 C org and C/N molar . Two sediment cores were taken to a depth of 10 and 8 m from areas covered by grassland and dense/open forest, respectively. The deposits represent a succession of sediment accumulation in active channel (> 42,600 cal yr B.P.), abandoned channel/floodplain (> 42,600 to ~ 39,000 cal yr B.P.), and oxbow lake sedimentary environments (~ 39,000 cal yr B.P. to modern). The predominance of mud sediments, depletion of δ 13 C org and decrease in C/N molar values identify the lake establishment. In these settings, low energy subaqueous conditions were developed, locally favoring preservation of a pollen assemblage representing herbaceous vegetation, some modern taxa from Amazonia and cold-adapted plants from the Andes represented by Alnus (2–11%), Hedyosmum (2–17%), Weinmannia (0–18%), Podocarpus (0–4%), Ilex (0–4%) and Drymis (0–1%), at least between > 42,600 and Alnus with other cold adapted plants from the Andes during the late Pleistocene indicates that Alnus probably penetrated the Western Amazonia lowland or was growing closer to the study site due to cooler temperatures during glacial times. The present study presents the first report of a glacial age forest containing Alnus in areas of the Brazilian Amazonian lowlands. In addition to its palaeogeographical importance, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of using a combination of proxies for reconstructing sedimentary environments associated with vegetation.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale in Japanese Undergraduate Women

The Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale is a self-report measure of gender attitudes. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the scale with 213 Japanese university female students who completed the Japanese version. Exploratory factor analyses yielded the same two factors, Employment Skepticism and Traditional Roles Preference, as previously identified. A reliability estimate of internal consistency of Employment Skepticism and Traditional Roles Preference was acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Japanese version in another group of 245 university female students showed the construct validity of the 2-factor model of the 7-item scale. This study supported the generalization of the previous findings in American samples and the multicultural utility of the scale. The Japanese version of the Multidimensional Aversion to Women Who Work Scale seems a useful measure of employment-related gender attitudes.

Field of study: Psychology
Model-Free Feature Screening for Ultrahigh-Dimensional Data

With the recent explosion of scientific data of unprecedented size and complexity, feature ranking and screening are playing an increasingly important role in many scientific studies. In this article, we propose a novel feature screening procedure under a unified model framework, which covers a wide variety of commonly used parametric and semiparametric models. The new method does not require imposing a specific model structure on regression functions, and thus is particularly appealing to ultrahigh-dimensional regressions, where there are a huge number of candidate predictors but little information about the actual model forms. We demonstrate that, with the number of predictors growing at an exponential rate of the sample size, the proposed procedure possesses consistency in ranking, which is both useful in its own right and can lead to consistency in selection. The new procedure is computationally efficient and simple, and exhibits a competent empirical performance in our intensive simulations and real data analysis.

Field of study: Mathematics
Translocase and major signal peptidase malfunctions affect aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces lividans.

Deficiency in the translocase complex (SecG mutant strain) or in the major type I signal peptidase (SipY mutant strain) function in Streptomyces lividans resulted, as expected, in a drastic reduction of secretory protein production and in a bald phenotype. The transcriptional profiling of both strains showed that the expression of a set of genes involved in the morphological differentiation process was down regulated in both mutant strains (bldG, bldN and bldM), whereas bldA and bldH were only down-regulated in the SipY mutant strain. Consistently, low temperature scanning electron microscopy revealed that the disruption of sipY had a more noticeable effect in the growth/morphological aspect of the mycelium than that of secG, suggesting that in the sipY mutant, the blockage of the export process might have more severe consequences than in the secG mutant. In both cases, the likely degradation of the proteins that cannot be secreted might provide nutrients that might be responsible for the lack of induction of the bald cascade, which is thought to be triggered under conditions of nutritional limitation.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
The Liberal-National Government and Youth: ‘Training for Real Jobs’

The Liberal-National party government is making major changes to a number of policy settings. It pledged a commitment to a strict program of budgetary restraint in its first Budget of August 1996. Its Workplace Relations and Other Legislation Amendment Bill (1996) signified its intention to introduce a ‘revolutionary new era’ in Australian industrial relations. This involved introducing individual employment contracts, limiting the Australian Industrial Relations Commission's (AIRC) powers and reducing unions' role in enterprise bargaining. Less noticeable has been the government's pursuit of major reforms to Australia's education and training policies. These education and training initiatives are taking place in a context of seemingly permanent unemployment or what has been called ‘the end of work’ (Rifkin 1995). If such claims overstate the case, the training and education initiatives are occurring in the wake of ‘normal, autonomised processes of modernisation’ which are opening paths to a new post-industrial order (Beck 1994: 3). But there are a number of questions to be raised about the extent to which a concern for equity and the protection of those most at risk in such a process may be compromised by complete faith in, and too eager a support for, market processes.

Field of study: Political science
Study of an integrated personalized ventilation and local fan-induced active chilled beam air conditioning system in hot and humid climate

A novel integrated personalized ventilation and local fan-induced active chilled beam (PV-ACB) air conditioning system is proposed and analyzed through energy and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation methods. Energy performance and indoor environmental conditions of this system are investigated via Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) and ANSYS Fluent respectively. Energy simulation results illustrate that PV-ACB system, compared with the conventional variable air volume (VAV) system, could achieve 16% energy savings at 100% peak cooling load. A maximum 42% energy savings is obtained at 25% part cooling load, indicating the superior energy saving potential under part load conditions. Vertical thermal stratification is observed in CFD simulation results, 23–24 °C at the occupant level (0–2 m) and 26–27 °C in the upper zone (2–4 m). Horizontally, temperature around occupants is 22–23 °C, lower than the temperature of 26–27 °C in other areas, demonstrating the horizontal temperature difference caused by the conditioned outdoor air from personalized ventilation. Both energy and CFD simulation results illustrate that this novel PV-ACB air conditioning system is able to achieve considerable energy savings, superior occupant thermal comfort and enhanced indoor air quality (IAQ).

Field of study: Engineering
The effects of punishment intensity on squirrel monkeys.

Responses of squirrel monkeys were maintained by a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. Concurrently, punishment consisting of a brief electric shock followed each response. As has been found for pigeons and rats, punishment did not produce extreme, all-or-none reactions. By gradually increasing the punishment intensity it was possible to produce response rates intermediate to no suppression and complete suppression. Similarly, the moment-to-moment response rate was free of extreme fluctuations. A "warm-up" effect occurred in which the punished responses were especially suppressed during the initial part of a session. The pre-punishment performance was negatively accelerated within a session, and punishment reduced the degree of negative acceleration. When punishment was discontinued, responding recovered immediately except when suppression had been complete or prolonged. When the punishment intensity was decreased gradually, more suppression resulted at a given intensity than when intensity was increased gradually. This suggests a "behavioral inertia" effect wherein behavior at a new punishment intensity is biased toward the behavior at the previous value. A corollary generalization is that the larger the change in intensity, the less the behavior at the new value will be biased toward the behavior at the previous value.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Geographic patterns of species richness of diurnal raptors in Venezuela

Knowledge of a species’ geographic distribution is crucial to assessing its vulnerability. It is also important to know if protected areas provide effective protection for raptor species. Here, we examine the species richness (S) patterns, factors predicting S and the effectiveness of protected areas (EPA) in the conservation of diurnal raptors in Venezuela. We modeled geographic distributions (SDM) of 64 raptor species using ecological niche models. Nine climatic and seven landscape metrics were used as environmental predictors. SDM were stacked to examine S and predictors of S were investigated using regression models. This study evaluated S patterns in the 13 bioregions defined for Venezuela. A gap analysis was performed to evaluate the EPA in the conservation of raptor diversity. Forty species showed a continuous distribution, whereas as disjunct distributions were observed in 24 species. Species richness differed among bioregions; six pairwise compared bioregions did not show differences. Guyana Massif and the mountains of northern Venezuela had the highest species richness. Landscape features, specifically canopy height, land cover and terrain slope explained most of the species richness. Environmental heterogeneity affected the distribution of S and is therefore important in conservation planning for Neotropical raptors. Responses from environmental variables used to predict S were scale dependent; it is necessary to standardize methods/experimental design to study the biogeography of raptors. Priority-setting for the conservation of raptors in Venezuela must consider restricted range species, even if they are not threatened. A new territorial ordering is urgent to improve the protection of this group of birds.

Field of study: Environmental science
Terrorism and Insecurity in Nigeria: Moral, Values and Religious Education as Panaceas

The act of terrorism and general insecurity situations in Nigeria require that solution be sought to safe-guard the nation against balkanization and the educational system from collapse. Every nation’s educational system is to help it overcome her peculiar problems.  If this is a truism, then Nigeria’s educational system is supposed to help her overcome the problem of terrorism that is shaking it to its foundation. It is in the light of this that this paper examines terrorism and insecurity in Nigeria and proffered moral, values and religious education as panaceas. In doing this, the paper discusses the central role that security plays in the development of nations for which Nigeria cannot be an exception. The paper further explains the concepts of terrorism and insecurity with instances of terrorist acts in Nigeria. The possible causes of insecurity in Nigeria such as bad governance, corruption, graduate unemployment, among others pointed out by other writers were highlighted. These factors were according to this paper symptomatic rather than causative. The paper therefore, queries false values, bad morality and misleading or inadequate religious education as cardinal causative factors and recommendations were given in this regard.  Terrorism, Insecurity, Moral, Values and Religious Education, Direct Instruction, Selective Reinforcement

Field of study: Education
Mean life of k-to-l-out-of-n systems with nonidentical Weibull distribution components

A k-to-l-out-of-n system is a noncoherent system in which no fewer than k and no more than l out of n units are to function for the successful operation of the system. Examples of noncoherent systems are found in communication, multiprocessor and transportation systems. A noncoherent system is very general and includes the parallel, series and N-Modular Redundancy (NMR) systems as special cases. In this paper presents the formulas for calculating the reliability and the mean life of a k-to-l-out-of-n system with non-identical weibull distribution components.

Field of study: Engineering
Publier ou périr

![Figure][1] 

Ce mois-ci, Le Medecin de famille canadien publie un commentaire intitule « Les revues predatrices. Mise en garde a l’intention des auteurs et des lecteurs » ( [page 97][2] )[1][3]. L’auteure, Dre Cathy Vakil, y souligne les aleas associes a la publication de textes

Field of study: Medicine
Modulation of intense relativistic electron beams by an external microwave source.

A novel mechanism capable of efficiently modulating intense relativistic electron beams is reported. This mechanism uses unique properties of slow and fast charge-density waves on an intense beam of a finite transverse dimension. The mechanism was investigated with use of an external microwave energy to excite these waves on a beam. Large-amplitude coherent and monochromatic current oscillations were detected on the electron beam at the same frequency as the external source. With use of this mechanism it becomes possible to construct efficient microwave amplifiers suitable for large rf accelerators.

Field of study: Physics
Confidence bands in nonparametric regression

New bias-corrected confidence bands are proposed for nonparametric kernal regression. These bands are constructed using only a kernel estimator of the regression curve and its data-selected bandwidth. They are shown to have asymptotically correct coverage properties and to behave well in a small-sample study. One consequence of the large-sample developments is that Bonferroni-type bands for the regression curve at the design points also have conservative asymptotic coverage behavior with no bias correction.

Field of study: Mathematics
The Angle of View of the Depiction of the City

Guo Ming -hui tells us of the city .In his novels ,city and characters are h armonious.He doesn' t write abnormal characters,he doesn' t write his thought on purpose and he d oesn' t express his feelings.It seem as if he just express-es the lives of the city.He records as a spectator.But,the popular conten t is not the same to the popular positi on.It seems that he enters the text as the position of the common people.But we can see Guo Ming -hui ' s factual position from the identificication of the leading characters in his novels and his attidude of the plot arrangement etc.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Can Accountability Produce Independence? Goals as Determinants of the Impact of Accountability on Conformity

People routinely confront the social pressure of being accountable to audiences whose preferences are known. Prior research indicates that these conditions create conformity, which often leads to sub par decision making. The authors hypothesized that conformity is the usual consequence of accountability when people are motivated to get along with others, but independence can occur when accountable people are motivated to make accurate decisions. Participants went through a priming procedure to focus them on the goal of compatibility or accuracy and then worked on a business decision task. They learned that another member of their group advocated a specific (actually sub par) solution and expected to explain their own decision to this person or not (accountable vs. unaccountable condition). The predicted interaction revealed that those who were accountable and had an accuracy goal displayed independence and made higher quality decisions than those in the other conditions, who displayed a conformity effect.

Field of study: Psychology
Improved upper contacts PMMA on P3HT PTFTS using photolithographic processes

In this work we present a new polymeric thin film transistor (PTFT), fabrication process where standard photolithographic and dry etching techniques are used to place gate contact on the upper surface of the device, and to access in an easy and reliable way the buried bottom drain and source contacts from the upper surface of the device. This fabrication technique benefits of all the advantages that photolithographic processes report, as device isolation, patterning of small dimensions and possibility of device integration on both rigid and flexible substrates. We also show that, since PMMA is placed as the outermost polymeric layer, it serves both as dielectric and as protective layer, allowing devices to work in ambient conditions with significantly less degradation than other PTFTs structures previously reported. Electrical characterization of the devices showed that this technological approach provides mobility values an order of magnitude higher than those previously reported by us, using the same polymeric layers, but with buried drain and source contacts.

Field of study: Engineering
A Comparative Study on Minority High School Teachers Incentive Measures between China and Ghana

The study was mainly conducted to evaluate the effects of incentive schemes on the performance of teachers in minority high schools between China and Ghana. To ensure job satisfaction and job security among teachers, an analysis was made to determine factors that militate against teacher incentives in these areas. Professional teachers were selected from schools to respond to the questionnaire and the Misener Teacher Practitioner Incentive Satisfaction Scale (MTPISS) was used to analyze their responses.  Approximately 79 % and 84 % out of 100 % participated in the survey respectively. This survey yielded a very satisfactory return rate of 68% and 79 %, 40.7 % and 51 % respectively complained about their pay being low. To all other questions, there were no significant differences noted. The results of the study show that there will be a direct positive effect on the performance of both teachers and students; if government review incentives policies and improve on working conditions of teachers. Recommendations to adopt best incentive measures for the present and future research. The study was carried out in two countries and in two regions purposely to save time and the resources to be spent on data collection.  teacher incentives, minority high schools, measures and performance.

Field of study: Education
The bias of the commonly-used estimate of variance in meta-analysis

The authors discuss the bias of the estimate of the variance of the overall effect synthesized from individual studies by using the variance weighted method. This bias is proven to be negative. Furthermore, the conditions, the likelihood of underestimation and the bias from this conventional estimate are studied based on the assumption that the estimates of the effect are subject to normal distribution with common mean. The likelihood of underestimation is very high (e.g. it is greater than 85% when the sample sizes in two combined studies are less than 120). The alternative less biased estimates for the cases with and without the homogeneity of the variances are given in order to adjust for the sample size and the variation of the population variance. In addition, the sample size weight method is suggested if the consistence of the sample variances is violated Finally, a real example is presented to show the difference by using the above three estimate methods.

Field of study: Mathematics
An efficiently outsourcing Attribute Based Encryption using SPs

Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a cryptographic elementary which extremely enhances the flexibility of access control mechanisms. Due to the high expressiveness of ABE policies, the computational complexities of ABE key-issuing and decryption are getting remarkably high. An efficiently Outsourced ABE system, which supports both secure outsourced key-issuing and decryption. This method offloads all access policy and attributes related operations in the data storing process or decryption to a Decryption Service Provider (DSP) and authorization to Key Generation Service Provider (KGSP) or Attribute Authority (AA), respectively. This leaving only a constant number of simple operations for the attribute authority and eligible users to perform locally. In addition, outsourced ABE construction which provides checkability results in an efficient way.  Attribute-based encryption, access control, outsourcing computation

Field of study: Engineering
Interleukin-7 receptor Thr244Ile gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus

Recently, the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) C>T (rs6897932) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which causes a Thr244Ile substitution in the IL-7R α‑chain, has been suggested as a risk factor for SLE.  Using high‑resolution melting curve analysis we studied the distribution of the IL-7R C>T polymorphism in SLE patients (n = 281) and control subjects (n = 541) in the Polish population.  We did not find significant differences in the distribution of the IL-7R C>T genotype and alleles between SLE patients and controls. However, in the dominant model (T/T and C/T vs C/C genotypes), we observed a protective effect of the IL-7R C>T polymorphism against the presence of neurological manifestations of SLE [OR = 0.3631 (95% CI = 0.1895–0.6954), p = 0.0017, pcorr = 0.0323] and the presence of anti‑Scl-70 antibodies (Ab) [OR = 0.3141 (95% CI = 0.1503–0.6561), p = 0.0014, pcorr = 0.0266].  Our studies suggest that the IL-7R C>T (rs6897932) polymorphism might be involved in the neurological manifestations and the presence of anti‑Scl-70 Abs in patients with SLE.

Field of study: Medicine