nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The CircRNA-ACAP2/Hsa-miR-21-5p/ Tiam1 Regulatory Feedback Circuit Affects the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colon Cancer SW480 Cells

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA that is widely expressed in human cells, have essential roles in the development and progression of cancer. CircRNAs contain microRNA (miRNA) binding sites and can function as miRNA sponges to regulate gene expression by removing the inhibitory effect of an miRNA on its target gene.  We used the bioinformatics software TargetScan and miRanda to predict circRNA-miRNA and miRNAi-Mrna interactions. Rate of inhibiting of proliferation was measured using a WST-8 cell proliferation assay. Clone formation ability was assessed with a clone formation inhibition test. Cell invasion and migration capacity was evaluated by performing a Transwell assay. Relative gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and relative protein expression levels were determined with western blotting. circRNA and miRNA interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays.  In the present study, the miRNA hsa-miR-21-5p was a target of circRNA-ACAP2, and T lymphoma invasion and metastasis protein 1 (Tiam1) was identified as a target gene of hsa-miR-21-5p. CircRNA-ACAP2 and Tiam1 were shown to be highly expressed in colon cancer tissue and colon cancer SW480 cells, but miR-21-5p was expressed at a low level. SW480 cell proliferation was suppressed when the expression of circRNA-ACAP2 and Tiam1 was decreased and the expression of miR-21-5p was increased in vivo and in vitro. SW480 cell migration and invasion were also inhibited under the same circumstance. The circRNA-ACAP2 interaction regulated the expression of miR-21-5p, and miR-21-5p regulated the expression of Tiam1. Down-regulation of circRNA-ACAP2 promoted miR-21-5p expression, which further suppressed the transcription and translation of Tiam1.  The present study shows that the circRNA-ACAP2/hsa-miR-21-5p/Tiam1 regulatory feedback circuit could affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells. This was probably due to the fact that circRNA-ACAP2 could act as a miRNA sponge to regulate Tiam1 expression by removing the inhibitory effect of miR-21-5p on Tiam1 expression. The results from this study have revealed new insights into the pathogenicity of colon cancer and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of colon cancer.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Pressure effect on the release of supercooled water with dissolved air

It is proposed that vapor has been elucidated to having relation to the release of supercooled water. In this study, considering that the vapor has a relation to dissolved air, a supercooling experiment is performed to test tubes of pure water with three patterns of initial dissolved oxygen (DO i  = 4.1, 7.5, and 12.6 mg L −1 ), i.e. dissolved air. The initial DO in each test tube is kept to the value as constant as possible during supercooling. And the pressure effect on supercooling release of pure water is observed by measuring supercooling degree and by visualizing bubbles enclosed to the ice after full crystallization of the pure water. From this study, it appeared that the factors such as cooling rate, initial DO and pressure of pure water are related to the release of supercooling (supercooling degree and supercooling time). Moreover, the initial DO was confirmed to the confined bubble in fully frozen ice of pure water.

Field of study: Engineering
Analysis of self-excited combustion instabilities using decomposition techniques

Proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition are evaluated for the study of self-excited longitudinal combustion instabilities in laboratory-scaled single-element gas turbine and rocket combustors. Since each proper orthogonal decomposition mode comprises multiple frequencies, specific modes of the pressure and heat release are not related, which makes the analysis more qualitative and less efficient for identifying physical mechanisms. On the other hand, dynamic mode decomposition analysis generates a global frequency spectrum in which each mode corresponds to a specific discrete frequency so that different dynamics can be correlated. In addition, proper orthogonal decomposition results are found to be inaccurate when only a limited amount of spatial information is provided in contrast with dynamic mode decomposition results, which provide more reliable results. Overall, dynamic mode decomposition analysis proves to be a robust and systematic method that can give consistent interpretati...

Field of study: Physics
Is water consumption embedded in crop prices? A global data-driven analysis

Agricultural production exploits about 70% of all water withdrawals around the globe, but to date, it is not clear if and how this water consumption is taken into consideration in the price of the agricultural primary goods. To shed light on this point, we analyze the farm gate prices of twelve representative crops in the period 1991-2016, considering data from 162 countries in total. The crop price dependence on the water footprint is investigated, also accounting for the country’s water scarcity as a possible additional determinant of the price, and of the land footprint as a possible confounding factor. We find that prices of staple crops (e.g. wheat, maize, soybeans, and potatoes) typically embed the amount of water used for their production. Differently, food products that do not contribute in an essential way to the human diet and whose production is more export-oriented (e.g. coffee, cocoa beans, tea, vanilla) exhibit weaker or negligible water-price links. These variations may be ascribable to specific market dynamics related to the two product groups. Staple crops are often produced in markets where many producers have more space for price setting and may have an incentive to include also the value of water in the final crop price. In contrast, cash crops are cultivated in situations where few producers are ‘price takers’ with respect to the international market. This mechanism may decrease the influence of the water used on crop farm gate price composition. The understanding of different water impacts on crop prices may be useful for increasing efficiency in water allocation and governance decisions, with the aim of improved environmental sustainability in this domain.

Field of study: Environmental science
A GINÁSTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR E O ENSINO ABERTO

This study, of a descriptive character, had as objective the analysis of how gymnastics can be carried out in the physical education teaching in the open schooling methodology. By applicating general gymnastic classes to fundamental schooling students from a public school in the city of Maringa, Parana state, we present the methodological pathways to deal with this knowledge. The present research was performed in four stages: a study of the important methodological approaches in the area of physical education and the selection of one of them – in this case, the open teaching; the location of gymnastics in the chosen methodological approach; elaboration and application of eight classes of general gymnastic to fifth grade students; and, interpretation of the teaching experiences with gymnastics in the schooling physical education. Some difficulties were verified in the docent action using this methodological approache, most by the absence of a pedagogic practice that valorizes the subjectivity and the student reflection. However, the experiences indicate gymnastics viability as a subject in physical education knowledge and point s out the need to understand it in the educational dimension.

Field of study: Education
The French Communication Industry Defined and Analyzed through the Social Fabric Matrix, the Filiere Approach, and Network Analysis

The purpose of this article is to evaluate public policy in the French telecommunication sector (and more specifically the market for digital telephone switching units). What kind of policy was developed? Why was that particular form chosen, and was it effective? In order to answer these questions we must describe the strategies of the different actors (enterprises, government agencies, research institutions) and try to analyze the forces behind the dynamics of the subsystem of the telecommunication industry. Several elements have to be taken into account:

Field of study: Economics
Potential health benefits of controlling dust emissions in Beijing.

Although the adverse impact of fine particulate matter (i.e., PM2.5) on human health has been well acknowledged, little is known of the health effects of its specific constituents. Over the past decade, the annual average dust concentrations in Beijing were approximately ∼14 μg m(-3), a value that poses a great threat to the city's 20 million residents. In this study, we quantify the potential long-term health damages in Beijing resulting from the dust exposure that occurred from 2000 to 2011. Each year in Beijing, nearly 4000 (95% CI: 1000-7000) premature deaths may be associated with long-term dust exposure, and ∼20% of these deaths are attributed to lung cancer. A decomposition analysis of the inter-annual variability of premature deaths in Beijing indicates that dust concentrations determine the year-to-year tendency, whereas population growth and lung cancer mortality rates drive the increasing tendency of premature death. We suggest that if Beijing takes effective measures towards reducing dust concentrations (e.g., controlling the resuspension of road dust and the fugitive dust from construction sites) to a level comparable to that of New York City's, the associated premature deaths will be significantly reduced. This recommendation offers "low-hanging fruit" suggestions for pollution control that would greatly benefit the public health in Beijing.

Field of study: Environmental science
Acute Single-Stage Reconstruction of Multiligament Knee Injuries Using the Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System

The purpose of the study was to report our early outcome in the management of multiligament knee injuries with the ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS).  Between 2007 and 2010, 9 of 11 patients operated on for multiligament knee injuries were included in this study; 2 patients were excluded due to complicated neurovascular injuries, open knee dislocations and severe comorbidities. All patients were managed acutely (<3 weeks) by reconstructions of the cruciate and collateral ligaments with LARS ligament and were followed up for an average of 30 months (18-46 months).  The mean Lysholm score of the 9 patients at final follow-up was around 90 (range 88-94) with an average Tegner activity score of 5.5. The postoperative function of 1 case of KD-11 and 2 cases of KD-111 was rated as ‘A,' while the remaining cases were rated ‘B'. At final follow-up, minor osteoarthritic degeneration was detected in 1 case of KD-III and 2 cases of KD-IV. Superficial infection developed in 1 case, and no cases of knee synovitis and premature osteoarthritis were recorded.  A creditable outcome at mean of 30 months' follow-up was obtained in acute single-stage reconstruction of uncomplicated multiligament knee injuries with LARS ligament.

Field of study: Medicine
Visualization study of the effect of surface contact angle on frost melting process under different frosting conditions

Frost melting is closely related to solid surface characteristics and initial frost layer. In this paper, visualization study of frost melting processes on different surfaces, from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic, was carried out under different frosting conditions. On the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, the whole frost layer is divided into several blocks accompanying with melting, and the frost-water mixed blocks finally shrink into water droplets because of the surface tension and surface free energy. However, frost layer directly sheds from the superhydrophobic surface and only several spherical water droplets remain on the surface. The surface coverage ratio and frost-melting water mass all decrease with the increase in surface contact angle, which are smallest on the superhydrophobic surface. The frosting time and multiple frosting cycles show significant effects on frost melting of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces while frosting time and multiple frosting cycles have no influence on that of the superhydrophobic surface.

Field of study: Engineering
Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace

Preface Part I: The Logic of Strategy 1. The Conscious Use of Paradox in War 2. The Logic in Action 3. Efficiency and the Culminating Point of Success 4. The Coming Together of Opposites Part II: The Levels of Strategy 5. The Technical Level 6. The Tactical Level 7. The Operational Level 8. Theater Strategy I: Military Options and Political Choices 9. Theater Strategy II: Offense and Defense 10.  Interdiction and the Surprise Attack 11.  Naval, Air, Nuclear 12. The Renaissance of Strategic Air Power Part III: Outcomes: Grand Strategy 13. The Scope of Grand Strategy 14. Armed Suasion 15. Harmony and Disharmony in War 16. Can Strategy Be Useful?  The Gulf War

Field of study: Political science
LONG WAVES IN BUILDING IN THE BRITISH ECONOMY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

How good is the evidence for long waves of building activity in Great Britain and the U.S.A. during the nineteenth century? Can such fluctuations be seen clearly in data for the whole period? Or are they evident only in the latter part? And is the picture the same for both countries in this respect? Lastly, how are we to explain the inverse relationship — during at least part of the century — of the waves of activity in building the two countries ? The answers to these questions will obviously help to determine our explanation of long waves in building activity. More broadly, they will also influence our ideas about the relationship between the developing economies of the two countries since building accounted for a large part of domestic fixed investment at a time when Britain was exporting increasing amounts of capital and the U.S.A. was a large importer.

Field of study: Economics, History
Exclusive charge exchange reaction pD↦n(pp) within the Bethe-Salpeter formalism

The exclusive charge exchange reaction pD↦n(pp) at intermediate and high energies is studied within the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. The final-state interaction in the detected pp pair at nearly zero excitation energy is described by the 1S0 component of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude. Results of numerical calculations of polarization observables and differential cross-section persuade that, as in the non-relativistic case, this reaction i) can be utilized as a “relativistic deuteron polarimeter” and ii) delivers further information about the elementary nucleon-nucleon charge exchange amplitude.

Field of study: Physics
Application of Capillary Electrophoresis in Enzyme Inhibitors Screening

Capillary electrophoresis plays an irreplaceable role in the field of enzyme inhibitors screening with unique features of high-efficiency separation, short analysis time, minimal sample consumption, high sensitivity, ease to realize automatization etc. This review gives an overview of the applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitors screening, and summarizes both the widely used off-line (pre-capillary) enzyme assay and on-line (in-capillary) enzyme assay. Finally, some future trends are briefly addressed.

Field of study: Chemistry
Daily growth and tidal rhythms in Miocene and modern giant clams revealed via ultra-high resolution LA-ICPMS analysis — A novel methodological approach towards improved sclerochemistry

We present a novel approach for ultra-high resolution laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) analysis, which not only allows us to clearly resolve Tridacna (giant clam) shells. Daily element/Ca variability preserved within microscopically visible growth increments is resolved by utilizing the combined capabilities of a rotating rectangular aperture (spot size on target 4 × 50 μm), the rapid signal washout of a Laurin two-volume laser ablation cell and slow compositional profiling (≤ 1.5 μm/s). Striking co-variation between oscillating cycles in B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca is discernible, yet also tantalizingly, sub-daily shifts between these element/Ca ratios can be observed. In comparison to a lower-resolution, seasonally-resolved δ 18 O–Mg/Ca record (Warter et al., 2015), the ~ 10–20 μm element/Ca cycles are determined to be daily in origin, and a further ~ 14–15 day cyclicity is superimposed on the daily cycles. The latter is interpreted to reflect (Miocene) tidal periodicity. Changes in pixel intensity during thin section observation associated with micro- and macroscopically visible low and high density bands have been quantified via image processing analysis. This reveals close correspondence to the measured trace elemental cyclicity, indicating a coupling between the geochemical composition of the shell and the incremental growth pattern. A comparison between the elemental and image processing results reveals that ultra-high-resolution LA-ICPMS analysis surpasses the latter in detecting environmental rhythms, including daily and tidal cycles. Highly-resolved LA-ICPMS analysis is a viable alternative to nanoSIMS and opens up routine investigation of long-term (deep-time) paleoenvironmental records at daily resolution.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Diagenesis, sediment strength, and pore collapse in sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone

A minor amount of opal cement inhibits consolidation of sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1173 and 1177. Secondary and backscattered electron images of sediments from Site 1173 reveal a low-density, silica phase (opal-CT) coating grain contacts. The grain-coating cement is more widespread in the upper Shikoku Basin facies than in the lower Shikoku Basin facies. Numerical models of opal-CT content display increases with depth through the cemented upper Shikoku Basin section. Once temperature increases above ∼55 °C, the rate of opal-CT dissolution outpaces precipitation, the cement can no longer support the overburden, and the open framework of the sediment begins to collapse. Cementation followed by cement failure is consistent with observed anomalies in porosity, seismic velocities, and shear rigidity. Porosity is anomalously high and nearly constant near the base of the upper Shikoku Basin facies, whereas seismic velocity increases with depth in the same interval. Across the boundary between the upper Shikoku Basin facies and the lower Shikoku Basin facies, there are step decreases in porosity from ∼60% to ∼45%, P-wave velocity from ∼1800 m/s to ∼1650 m/s, and S-wave velocity from ∼550 m/s to ∼300 m/s. Similar cementation and porosity collapse may be important in other locations where heating of hemipelagic deposits, with minor amounts of opal, is sufficient to trigger opal diagenesis.

Field of study: Geology
Factors affecting choice of signaled or unsignaled food schedules.

Choice between signaled and unsignaled food schedules was assessed in two experiments using a shuttlebox. Experiment 1 examined preference with both a five-second signal and a thirty-second signal. Subjects preferred the unsignaled side with a five-second signal but preferred the signaled side with a thirty-second signal. Experiment 2 assessed preference using either a commitment procedure (a shuttle response resulted in exposure to the schedule for a fixed time) or a noncommitment procedure (each shuttle response changed the schedule in effect). Subjects preferred the signaled condition with the commitment procedure but the unsignaled condition with the noncommitment procedure. These results indicate that the discrepant findings of earlier studies are due to procedural differences involving signal duration and choice commitment. The data are consistent with a conditioned reinforcement interpretation of choice.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Selection of Salt Tolerance in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) at Germination Stage

Twenty-four melon cultivars were used to evaluate the salt tolerance by determining the salt tolerance coefficient of germination percentage,germination rate,germination index,bud length,bud fresh weight under salt stress by the method of subordinate function,and a cluster analysis was made on the salt tolerance,according to the sum subordinate function.It was observed that the appropriate concentration of NaCl for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 150 mmol/L.Four varieties resistance to salt and 7 varieties sensitive to salt were selected.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Neuropsychology: One Way To Go

Dr. Reed’s presentation is somewhat surprising at this time in the history of special education. He expends a great deal of effort to make a case that has long been accepted by most knowledgeable special educators. Dr. Reed’s opening premise is that &dquo;ignorance of the relationships between biological handicaps and learning ability has frequently led both physicians and educators to assume that such relationships do not exist.&dquo;

Field of study: Education
Suppression of random-ratio and acceleration of temporally spaced responding by the same prereward stimulus in monkeys.

A 1-min tone and light signal that preceded two free pellets of food suppressed the random-ratio responding of four rhesus monkeys, but accelerated the same subjects' responding on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule in separate sessions. Both schedule-specific interactions occurred during the first presentations of the signal that previously had been paired with food outside the operant sessions. Thus, neither effect was adventitiously produced. In two subjects, both the direction and magnitude of the prereward change in differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate responding appeared related to baseline response rates: the more rapid the baseline responding, the less was the acceleration during the signal. Suppression and acceleration did not appear as dichotomous effects with separate parameters, but as related effects at least partly determined by the characteristics of the baseline operant performance.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Interface Properties of the Ternary Boride Cladding Materials with Atomic Vacancy Defects

In the paper, the interface models of Mo2FeB2 (100)/α-Fe (001) with different atomic vacancy defects are constructed. The formation energies of different atomic vacancy defects and the interface binding energies of the models are studied. The research results show that the formation energy of B atomic vacancy defect in the interface is the smallest and that of Fe atomic vacancy defect in the clad layer is the biggest. The interface binding energy of the model with B atomic vacancy defect in the interface is the biggest and that with Mo atomic vacancy defect in the interface is the smallest.

Field of study: Engineering