nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
214: Type-I interferon controls its own production in immune homeostasis by inducing PPAR-γ expression and an inhibitory PPAR-γ/IRF7 complex

Type-I interferon (IFN) is important for anti-viral immunity, but its over-production is linked to the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. Production of type-I IFN is under the control of the transcription factor IRF7. How type-I IFN signals to attenuate its own production in immune homeostasis is not known. Here we show that type-I IFN induces expression of PPAR-gamma, which forms an inhibitory interaction with IRF7, attenuating type-I IFN production via the virus-activated (MyD88-independent) pathways in fibroblasts and TLR-activated (MyD88-dependent) pathways in pDCs, and type-I IFN-dependent responses in autoimmunity. Thus all aspects of the type-I IFN system, its production in innate and adaptive immunity and associated immunopathology, are self-controlled through a two-step process of (i) type-I IFN-induced PPAR-gamma expression and (ii) formation of an inhibitory PPAR-gamma/IRF7 complex.

Field of study: Medicine
The Constraints to the Application of Self-assessment of the Academic Programmes at Al- Balqa Applied University from the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members

This study aimed at identifying the constraints to the application of self-assessment of the academic programmes at Al-Balqa Applied University ( BAU) from the point of view of faculty members. The sample of the study consisted of  (75) faculty members, who had experience in quality works and the self-assessment report, and the participants of the quality committees of colleges and academic programmes that were internationally adopted and some locally. To achieve the objectives of the study, a 12- paragraph questionnaire was prepared. The study results showed that the  of "the length of time required by the self-assessment report writing process" was ranked first, with the highest mean reached (4.40) with a (high) degree, while the constraint of "the ambiguity of self-Assessment criteria" came in the last rank, with the lowest mean reached (3.13) with a (medium) level. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributable to the gender variable of the faculty members (male) and (female) from their point of views to identify mean to the application of the self-assessment of academic programmes at the BAU.  self-assessment, BAU (Balqaa Applied University), members of quality committees.

Field of study: Education
Arrested development: Erosional equilibrium in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, maintained by feedbacks between channel incision and hillslope sediment production

Tributary creeks of the southern Sierra Nevada have pronounced knickpoints that separate the landscape into an alternating sequence of gently sloped treads and steeply sloped risers. These knickpoints and the surrounding “stepped topography” suggest that the landscape is still responding to Pleistocene changes in base level on main-stem rivers. We tested this hypothesis using cosmogenic nuclides and uranium isotopes measured in stream sediment from widely distributed locations. Catchment-scale erosion rates from the cosmogenic nuclides suggest that the treads are relict surfaces that have adjusted to a previous base level. Nevertheless, erosion rates of relict interfluves are similar to canyon incision rates, implying that relief is unchanging in the lower Kings and San Joaquin Rivers. In addition, our results suggest that much of the southern Sierra Nevada is in a state of arrested development: the landscape is not fully adjusted to—and moreover is not responding to— changes in base-level lowering in the canyons. We propose that this can be explained by a paucity of coarse sediment supply, which fails to provide sufficient tools for bedrock channel incision at knickpoints. We hypothesize that the lack of coarse sediment in channels is driven by intense weathering of the local granitic bedrock, which reduces the size of sediment supplied from hillslopes to the channels. Our analysis highlights a feedback in which sediment size reduction due to weathering on hillslopes and transport in channels is both a key response to and control of bedrock channel incision and landscape adjustment to base-level change.

Field of study: Geology
A GIS model-based assessment of the environmental distribution of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in European soils and waters.

The MAPPE GIS based multimedia model is used to produce a quantitative description of the behaviour of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) in Europe, with emphasis on continental surface waters. The model is found to reasonably reproduce gamma-HCH distributions and variations along the years in atmosphere and soil; for continental surface waters, concentrations were reasonably well predicted for year 1995, when lindane was still used in agriculture, while for 2005, assuming severe restrictions in use, yields to substantial underestimation. Much better results were yielded when same mode of release as in 1995 was considered, supporting the conjecture that for gamma-HCH, emission data rather that model structure and parameterization can be responsible for wrong estimation of concentrations. Future research should be directed to improve the quality of emission data. Joint interpretation of monitoring and modelling results, highlights that lindane emissions in Europe, despite the marked decreasing trend, persist beyond the provisions of existing legislation.

Field of study: Environmental science
Monoclonal antibodies against human Tudor-SN.

Tudor-SN is a multifunctional regulator of gene expression that has been shown to function as a transcriptional co-activator, regulator of miRNA processing, mRNA splicing, and stability. Tudor-SN has also been identified as a component in RNA-induced silencing complex. Here we have produced and characterized seven monoclonal antibody (MAb) clones against human Tudor-SN. Antibodies were generated against the fourth staphylococcal nuclease-like domain (SN4) and the Tudor domain of human Tudor-SN. The MAbs recognize the Tudor-SN protein in Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation, and detect the specific antigen in immunohistochemistry assays. One of the antibody clones also recognizes the Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio Tudor-SN. Immunocytochemistry of HeLa cells revealed Tudor-SN localization in nucleolus, suggesting a possible new function for the protein in the compartment. An extensive expression analysis in human tissue arrays shows moderate to high expression of Tudor-SN in a wide range of organs and tissues, especially in epithelial cell types.

Field of study: Biology
Propagation Behavior of Fatigue Crack for Ti-1023 Alloy

The rule of fatigue crack propagation for Ti-1023 alloy were studied. The effects of sampling orientation and stress ratio on the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rate was investigated. The results show that, at the same stress intensity factor range, the fatigue crack growth rate becomes higher with the increase of stress ratio. While sampling orientation has no effect on fatigue crack growth behavior. The validate of the law of the full range of crack growth rate are validated, which can provide the foundation for predicting the fatigue life.

Field of study: Materials science
Bandits With Heavy Tail

The stochastic multiarmed bandit problem is well understood when the reward distributions are sub-Gaussian. In this paper, we examine the bandit problem under the weaker assumption that the distributions have moments of order 1 + ε, for some ε ∈ (0,1]. Surprisingly, moments of order 2 (i.e., finite variance) are sufficient to obtain regret bounds of the same order as under sub-Gaussian reward distributions. In order to achieve such regret, we define sampling strategies based on refined estimators of the mean such as the truncated empirical mean, Catoni's M-estimator, and the median-of-means estimator. We also derive matching lower bounds that also show that the best achievable regret deteriorates when ε <; 1.

Field of study: Computer science
$L_1$ -Regularized STAP Algorithms With a Generalized Sidelobe Canceler Architecture for Airborne Radar

In this paper, we propose novel l1-regularized space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms with a generalized sidelobe canceler architecture for airborne radar applications. The proposed methods suppose that a number of samples at the output of the blocking process are not needed for sidelobe canceling, which leads to the sparsity of the STAP filter weight vector. The core idea is to impose a sparse regularization (l1-norm type) to the minimum variance criterion. By solving this optimization problem, an l1-regularized recursive least squares (l1-based RLS) adaptive algorithm is developed. We also discuss the SINR steady-state performance and the penalty parameter setting of the proposed algorithm. To adaptively set the penalty parameter, two switched schemes are proposed for l1-based RLS algorithms. The computational complexity analysis shows that the proposed algorithms have the same complexity level as the conventional RLS algorithm (O((NM)2)), where NM is the filter weight vector length), but a significantly lower complexity level than the loaded sample covariance matrix inversion algorithm (O((NM)3)) and the compressive sensing STAP algorithm (O((NsNd)3), where N8Nd >; NM is the angle-Doppler plane size). The simulation results show that the proposed STAP algorithms converge rapidly and provide a SINR improvement using a small number of snapshots.

Field of study: Engineering
The role of the surface in the dispersion of powders in liquids

The overall process of dispersing a powder into a liquid involves a number of stages incorporation, wetting, disagglomeration, flocculation which in practice overlap. Implicit to an understanding of these stages is a study of the solid/liquid interface, and of the variety of interactions that take place at that interface. This paper reviews these interactions, their measurement, and their relevance to the dispersion process.

Field of study: Chemistry
Drift of Levitated/Suspended Body in High- $T_{c}$ Superconducting Levitation Systems Under Vibration—Part I: A Criterion Based on Magnetic Force-Gap Relation for Gap Varying With Time

Levitation drift in the high-Tc superconducting levitation systems is directly related to the safe operation of the systems. In these levitation systems, the gap between a superconductor and a permanent magnet may decrease, increase, or keep unvarying with time. Based on the numerical simulations of the magnetic force-gap hysteresis relations of two different physical processes in field cooling, and the dynamic features at some given positions on major magnetic force-gap loops, a criterion described by the slopes of the given position on minor and major loops is proposed in this study. According to the suggested criterion, the drift phenomenon can be characterized by judging gap varying with time for a given levitation system. In addition, the characteristic of continuous space range of the equilibrium position of levitated/suspended body has been further exhibited from the numerical results.

Field of study: Physics
Convergence to equilibrium rarefaction waves for discontinuous solutions of shallow water wave equations with relaxation

The purpose of this paper is to study the discontinuous solutions to a shallow water wave equation with relaxation. The typical initial value problem of discontinuous solutions is the Riemann problem. Unlike the homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws, due to the inhomogeneity of the system studied here, the solutions of the Riemann problem do not have a self-similar structure anymore. This problem can be formulated as a free boundary problem. We show that the Riemann solutions still have a piecewise smooth structure globally and converge to the rarefaction waves of the equilibrium equation as time tends to infinity.

Field of study: Mathematics
Functionality of resistance gene Hero, which controls plant root-infecting potato cyst nematodes, in leaves of tomato.

The expression of host genomes is modified locally by root endoparasitic nematode secretions to induce the development of complex cellular structures referred as feeding sites. In compatible interactions, the feeding sites provide the environment and nutrients for the completion of the nematode's life cycle, whereas in an incompatible (resistant) interaction, the host immune system triggers a plant cell death programme, often in the form of a hypersensitive reaction, which restricts nematode reproduction. These processes have been studied in great detail in organ tissues normally infected by these nematodes: the roots. Here we show that host leaves can support a similar set of programmed developmental events in the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis life cycle that are typical of the root-invading nematodes. We also show that a gene-for-gene type specific disease resistance that is effective against potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in roots also operates in leaves: the expression of the resistance (R) gene Hero and members of its gene family in leaves correlates with the elicitation of a hypersensitive response only during the incompatible interaction. These findings, and the ability to isolate RNA from relevant parasitic stages of the nematode, may have significant implications for the identification of nematode factors involved in incompatible interactions.

Field of study: Environmental science
Quantification of safety factors for simplified heating and cooling demand calculation methods for Vienna

The method used in Austria for calculating building heating and cooling demand is a monthly quasi-steady-state calculation. This method is presented in the European draft ISO/FDIS 13790. The simplified monthly calculation method is based on utilization factors. For these factors there is no specific mathematical derivation. The factor is based on an empirical formula. For increasing the practicability of the simplified calculation methods, the precision of the method is important, as well as the prediction accuracy by modifying the building parameters. Both requirements for a simplified calculation method are verified in this investigation. A simplified investigation of the calculation method precision for the cooling demand for offices leads to a 40 percent margin of error when using the simplified method for Vienna climate. The prediction accuracy of the monthly balanced method for changing the building parameters was verified for a six zone office model. At the end, the precision of the simplified method was quantified for an office model for the heating and cooling demand. Safety factors for the simplified method resulted from the investigation of the office model. The imprecision of the simplified method is greater than the validation of the monthly calculation method, as is exposed in the draft ISO/FDIS 13790. For the cooling demand for Vienna, the safety factor is 1.25 for the one zone method and 1.15 for the multi-zone method. For the heating demand no safety factor is necessary if the simplified method is not used for low air change rates and uncoupled models.

Field of study: Engineering
Tracker: Security and Privacy for RFID-based Supply Chains

The counterfeiting of pharmaceutics or luxury objects is a major threat to supply chains today. As different facilities of a supply chain are distributed and difficult to monitor, malicious adversaries can inject fake objects into the supply chain. This paper presents TRACKER, a protocol for object genuineness verification in RFID-based supply chains. More precisely, TRACKER allows to securely identify which (legitimate) path an object/tag has taken through a supply chain. TRACKER provides privacy: an adversary can neither learn details about an object’s path, nor can it trace and link objects in the supply chain. TRACKER’s security and privacy is based on an extension of polynomial signature techniques for run-time fault detection using homomorphic encryption. Contrary to related work, RFID tags in this paper are not required to perform any computation, but only feature a few bytes of storage such as ordinary EPC Class 1 Gen 2 tags.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Systems Building for Campus Facilities.

The "systems approach" is the current in-phrase in the building and design field, as in many other professions and disciplines. This curious meld of holistic thinking, anticipatory planning, incremental analysis, and testing helps us understand more fully how things work alone and together and how to use the pieces in new and more goal-oriented ways. It manifests itself as "systems building" in the building and design professions and cites a growing list of successful applications, especially in educational facilities. In July, 1970, the Coordinating Board, Texas College and University System, commissioned the Architecture Research Center of Texas A&M University's College of Architecture and Environmental Design to undertake a year-long study of possible benefits in cost, time, and utilization of a systems building approach for Texas's college and university construction. The study was supported by a comprehensive planning grant from the U.S. Office of Education.

Field of study: Education
COLLISION PROBLEM OF A FOUT-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRO-IMPACT SYSTEM

A mathematical model of a four-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system is established,deriving the eight-dimensional Poincare maps of periodic motion in the system,calculating the centre manifold and showing the steps for the reduction of high-dimensional maps to a two-dimensional one.The stability of periodic motion is studied,the Hopf bifurcation and period-doubling bifurcation phenomena of periodic motion in the system are analyzed based on the suitable parameter combination,and the existence of the Hopf bifurcation is verified in a four-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system.The evolution process of the system to chaos and the system invariant torus are simulated numerically.Consequently,the formation process of instability and chaos of invariant torus in the vibro-impact system are revealed.

Field of study: Engineering
Short Synthesis of Chiral 4-Substituted (S)-Imidazolinium Salts Bearing Sulfonates and Their Use in γ-Selective Reactions of Allylic Halides with Grignard Reagents

A one-pot reaction of Boc-protected amino alcohols and 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride followed by the addition of a wide variety of primary amines has allowed rapid access to diverse libraries of amidosulfonates 1,2-C6H4(SO3–)(COCHR1CH2NH2+R2) (R1 = Bn, iPr, Ph; R2 = aryl, CHMePh, 1-adamantyl), of which two examples have been characterised by X-ray crystallography. These reactions proceed by SN2 opening of unisolated oxazoline intermediates. The amidosulfonates have been converted to imidazolinium sulfonate zwitterions (N-heterocyclic carbene precursors) in a two-step process, which involved reduction with BH3·SMe2 and cyclisation with HC(OEt)3. Two examples (R1 = Bn, R2 = 2,6-iPrC6H3 and R1 = iPr, R2 = 3,5-Me2C6H3) have been crystallographically characterised, the latter as a PF6 salt. The imidazolinium sulfonate zwitterions (1 mol-%) catalysed additions of RMgBr (R = alkyl) to (E)-ArC(R)=CHCH2Br (R = H, Me). Additions to cinnamyl bromides showed high γ (SN2′) selectivity (up to 18.4:1) and provided significantly enantiomerically enriched products (up to 82 % ee).

Field of study: Chemistry
Applications of neuro-fuzzy system to data processing of microwave effects

This paper describes a neuro fuzzy system to process the data of microwave effects on the computers. Base on the neuro fuzzy system, the evaluation model of microwave effects is developed. Compared with the original experiment sample, the neuro fuzzy system gave very close results. Meanwhile, the evaluation model developed in this paper can predict the interference threshold for similar effect events if sufficient data have been analyzed. The neuro fuzzy system has potential application to data processing of microwave effects.

Field of study: Physics
The relationship between social support and psychological distress among Hispanic elders in Miami, Florida.

This study compared 5 psychological models of the relationship between social support (SS) and behavioral health. These theoretical models, which have garnered some level of prior empirical support, were as follows: (a) main effects, (b) buffering effects, (c) social exchange, (d) equity, and (e) protective health outcomes of providing SS. A population-based sample of 273 community-dwelling Hispanic elders drawn from East Little Havana, Florida (ages 70-100 years old; 86% Cuban) completed self-report measures of SS, financial strain, and psychological distress (PD). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the competing SS models. Results indicated that satisfaction with received SS was, as specified in the main-effects model, associated with lower PD, whereas received SS was unexpectedly associated with heightened PD. Reciprocal exchanges of SS (equity model) or exchanges where Hispanic elders provided more SS than they received (protective health outcomes of providing SS model) were also associated with lower PD. The feasibility of a 6th model in which the effects of SS are contingent upon the elder's preexisting PD level is proposed.  and directions for future research are discussed.

Field of study: Psychology
Genetic variants in the PLS3 gene are associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women

Plastin 3 (PLS3) has been identified as a candidate gene for bone fragility in the Rotterdam study (RS) population. So far, however, whether PLS3 polymorphisms are genetic risk factors for osteoporosis in Asian population remains unclear. In order to investigate the association between genetic variants in PLS3 and the risk of fragility fracture and/or bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Chinese women, we conducted a case-control association study. A total of 1083 postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic fractures and 2578 unrelated non-fracture controls in Shanghai were enrolled. Seven SNPs, including six tagSNPs in PLS3 and one identified genetic risk factor (rs140121121) for osteoporosis in the RS population, were genotyped in all the participants. BMD at lumbar spine and hip sites were measured in 2578 controls. Association between SNPs and the risk of osteoporotic fractures and/or BMD were analyzed. The GC genotype of rs757124 and AC genotype of rs10521693 were associated with lumbar vertebral fracture (P = 0.020 and 0.046, respectively). The association between tagSNPs and BMD were analyzed only in 2546 controls to avoid biased conclusion. rs757124 was significantly associated with BMD at lumbar spine and hip sites. GG genotype had the highest BMD at lumbar spine (L1-4), while CC genotype had the highest BMD at hip sites. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in PLS3 are genetic loci for osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine