nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing of the critical temperature of an in-plane FFLO state in heterostructures by the orbital effect of the magnetic field

It is well-known that the orbital effect of the magnetic field suppresses superconducting Tc. We show that for a system, which is in the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (FFLO) state at zero external magnetic field, the orbital effect of an applied magnetic field can lead to the enhancement of the critical temperature higher than Tc at zero field. We concentrate on two systems, where the in-plane FFLO state was predicted recently. These are equilibrium S/F bilayers and S/N bilayers under nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution. However, it is suggested that such an effect can take place for any plane superconducting system, which is in the in-plane FFLO state (or is close enough to it) at zero applied field.

Field of study: Physics
Progress in crystalline multijunction and thin-film photovoltaics

Photovoltaics are important in terrestrial applications such as remote power and renewable energy but are the primary source of electrical power for space systems. Here, priorities are high conversion efficiency and resistance to radiation-induced degradation and emphasis is on III-V multijunction solar cells and lower efficiency but flexible, lightweight thin-film solar cells. Triple junction III-V solar cells have reached conversion efficiencies of 30% at air mass zero (AM0). New lattice mismatch techniques and nitride materials hold promise for further efficiency increases. Thin-film solar cells generally have less than 15% efficiency but greater radiation resistance, lower cost, and lower mass.

Field of study: Materials science
栀子提取物ZG对单纯疱疹病毒1型吸附后宿主细胞膜电位的影响

经我试验组反复验证栀子提取物ZG在体内外均有明显的抗病毒感染作用,其作用机理之一可能是通过抑制病毒吸附来发挥抗病毒作用[1].通常情况下,稳定的膜电位是维持细胞正常功能所必需的;而在病毒感染过程中,细胞膜跨膜电位差(△φ)则作为促使病毒内化的主要能态来源。

Field of study: Biology
Dysfunction of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis: a possible pathogenetic factor.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the effect of interferon on NK activity was investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. NK activity measured against K-562 tumour cell line was found to be significantly low in MS patients, and this was most pronounced in the group of male patients with definitive disease. The response of NK cells to interferon proved to be impaired and almost no activation could be demonstrated in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Preliminary data obtained by the determination of interferon production in several definitive MS cases reflect a defect in the interferon producing capacity of lymphocytes. The possible involvement of impaired NK cell function in the aetiopathogenesis of MS is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
A Generic Construction of Predicate Proxy Key Re-encapsulation Mechanism

Proxy re-encryption (PRE), formalized by Blaze et al. in 1998, allows a proxy entity to delegate the decryption right of a ciphertext from one party to another without obtaining the information of the plaintext. In recent years, many studies have explored how to construct PRE schemes that support fine-grained access control for complex application scenarios, such as identity-based PRE and attribute-based PRE. Besides, in order to achieve more flexible access control, the predicate proxy re-encryption (PPRE) is further studied. However, existing PPRE is restricted with the inner product predicate function. Therefore, how to realize the PPRE of arbitrary predicate function is still a problem to be solved. In this manuscript, we propose a secure generic construction of predicate proxy key re-encapsulation mechanism built from a “linear” predicate key encapsulation mechanism. Since the secure key encapsulation mechanism can be used as a building block to construct public key encryption, we can obtain a PPRE from our construction. As a result, the results open up new avenues for building more flexible and fine-grained PPRE.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Peperomin E Induces Promoter Hypomethylation of Metastatic-Suppressor Genes and Attenuates Metastasis in Poorly Differentiated Gastric Cancer

Peperomin E (PepE), a natural secolignan isolated from the whole plant of Peperomia dindygulensis, has been reported by ourselves and others to display potent anti-cancer effects in many types cancer cells, especially gastric cancer. However, the effects of PepE on the metastasis of poorly-differentiated gastric cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated.  We evaluated PepE effects on gastric cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro via wound healing and transwell assays and those on growth and metastasis in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft NOD-SCID mouse model. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity was determined using a colorimetric DNMT activity/inhibition assay kit. PepE binding kinetics to DNMTs were determined using the bio-layer interferometry binding assay. Gene and protein levels of DNMTs, AMPKα-Sp1 signaling molecules, and metastatic-suppressor genes in PepE-treated gastric cancer cells were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR arrays and western blotting. The effect of PepE on Sp1 binding to the DNMT promoter was determined by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. Global DNA methylation levels were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The methylation status of silenced metastatic-suppressor genes (MSGs) in gastric cancer cells was investigated by methylation-specific PCR.  PepE can dose-dependently suppress invasion and migration of poorly-differentiated gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity against normal cells. Mechanistically, PepE not only covalently binds to the catalytic domain of DNMT1 and inhibits its activity (IC50 value 3.61 μM) but also down-regulates DNMT1, 3a, and 3b mRNA and protein expression in in gastric cancer cells, by disruption of the physical interaction of Sp1 with the DNMT1, 3a, and 3b promoter and mediation of the AMPKα-Sp1 signaling pathway. The dual inhibition activity of PepE toward DNMTs renders a relative global DNA hypomethylation, which induces MSG promoter hypomethylation (e.g., E-cadherin and TIMP3) and enhances their expression in gastric cancer cells.  Collectively, our data indicated that PepE may represent a promising therapeutic lead compound for intervention in gastric cancer metastasis and may also exhibit potential as a DNA methylation inhibitor for use in epigenetic cancer therapy.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Variability in Spatially and Temporally Resolved Emissions and Hydrocarbon Source Fingerprints for Oil and Gas Sources in Shale Gas Production Regions.

A gridded inventory for emissions of methane, ethane, propane, and butanes from oil and gas sources in the Barnett Shale production region has been developed. This inventory extends previous spatially resolved inventories of emissions by characterizing the overall variability in emission magnitudes and the composition of emissions at an hourly time resolution. The inventory is divided into continuous and intermittent emission sources. Sources are defined as continuous if hourly averaged emissions are greater than zero in every hour; otherwise, they are classified as intermittent. In the Barnett Shale, intermittent sources accounted for 14-30% of the mean emissions for methane and 10-34% for ethane, leading to spatial and temporal variability in the location of hourly emissions. The combined variability due to intermittent sources and variability in emission factors can lead to wide confidence intervals in the magnitude and composition of time and location-specific emission inventories; therefore, including temporal and spatial variability in emission inventories is important when reconciling inventories and observations. Comparisons of individual aircraft measurement flights conducted in the Barnett Shale region versus the estimated emission rates for each flight from the emission inventory indicate agreement within the expected variability of the emission inventory for all flights for methane and for all but one flight for ethane.

Field of study: Environmental science
Lai-Massey Scheme Revisited

Lai-Massey scheme is a well-known block cipher structure which has been used in the design of the ciphers PES, IDEA, WIDEA, FOX and MESH. Recently, the lightweight block cipher FLY applied this structure in the construction of a lightweight 8× 8 S-box from 4× 4 ones. In the current paper, firstly we investigate the linear, differential and algebraic properties of the general form of the S-boxes used in FLY, mathematically. Then, based on this study, a new cipher structure is proposed which we call generalized Lai-Massey scheme or GLM. We give upper bounds for the maximum average differential probability (MADP) and maximum average linear hull (MALH) of GLM and after examination of impossible differentials and zero-correlations of one round of this structure, we show that two rounds of GLM do not have any structural impossible differentials or zero-correlations. As a measure of structural security, we prove the pseudo-randomness of GLM by the H-coefficient method.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Scattering of laser radiation on molecules and in solids /Review/

A review is given of the scattering of coherent optical radiation in gaseous, liquid, and solid media. The spontaneous and stimulated scattering effects are considered. The direct methods for the measurement of the energy relaxation time and of the phase of the vibrations of the scattering particles are discussed. A review is also given of indirect methods based on the measurement of the frequencies, widths, and intensities of the scattering lines and of the corresponding quantities in the stimulated scattering. Practical aspects of the scattering investigations are considered, including the development of new tunable lasers.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Methodological aspects of the electron-beam investigation of dielectric target charging

The basic characteristics of dielectric target charging with (2–30)-keV electron beams were investigated using the example of a typical insulator, Al2O3. A new hypothetical scenario of dielectric charging, based on the reduction of secondary-electron current due to the formation of polarized excitons in the positive layer of a charged target, is proposed on the basis of modeling calculations and the experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Psychiatric aspects of chronic lung disease

Chronic lung diseases continue to be common and cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is a complex interplay between psychiatric issues and pulmonary diseases. This review aims to summarize the recent literature and advances involving psychiatric aspects of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, restrictive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. The authors include the latest findings in epidemiology, impact, etiology, screening, and management of psychiatric and pulmonary comorbidity. The relationship between mental health and lung disease, as it is between mental health and other physical illnesses, is multifactorial. Further studies continue to clarify issues and treatment guidelines for this comorbidity.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Civic Foreign Policy: Human Rights, Faith-Based Groups and U.S.-Salvadoran Relations in the 1970S*

El Salvador, the smallest but most densely populated country of Central America, experienced one of Latin America's bloodiest civil wars, accompanied by widespread human rights violations. State repression was especially brutal against opposition groups such as peasant associations, unions, students, and religious people. Twenty-five church people were murdered and many religious workers were persecuted, expelled, or tortured. Several U.S. missionaries were among those murdered or expelled victims. Although the number of religious victims is relatively small in comparison to the tens of thousands of people who were killed in the three civil wars of El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala, the murders of religious personnel had a profound impact on the religious community in Central America, and particularly in El Salvador. This impact also reached religious groups in the United States. Given the traditional alliance between the Catholic Church and the political and economic elites throughout most of Salvadoran history, the murders of religious leaders by government or government-linked forces symbolized a remarkable shift.

Field of study: History
Role Identity, Organizational Experiences, and Volunteer Performance

The central focus of this research is on the development and testing of a theoretical framework to understand performance and retention of volunteers. The framework is centered on identity theory and includes both general and specific role identity as well as organizational variables. Data were obtained from two samples of volunteers for the American Cancer Society (ACS). Specific role identity as an ACS volunteer is predicted from general role identity and several factors related to perceived experiences in the organization. Specific role identity explains significant amounts of variance in the number of hours worked for ACS and other organizations as well as intent to remain an ACS volunteer. Results also suggest that volunteers may experience conflicts between the demands of their general and specific role identities. Finally, the effects of ACS role identity on volunteer behavior are compared with those of organizational commitment.

Field of study: Psychology
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrical and Thermal Stability of Semiconducting π-Conjugated Polyazomethines Containing a Tetraphenylthiophene-Oxazole Unit

A series of polyazomethines (PAM-01, PAM-02, PAM-03) containing various amounts of tetraphenylthiophene-oxazole (TPTP-o) moieties were produced by the polycondensation of a diamine precursor (TPTP-o) with equimolar proportions of two aromatic dialdehydes [isophthalaldehyde (1,3 IPA) and terephthalaldehyde (1,4 TPA)]. The TPTP-o precursor was successfully synthesized in three steps. The synthesized TPTP-o and the polymers (PAM-01, PAM-02, PAM-03) were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), 1H-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The effects of the TPTP-o units in the PAM on the insertion with azo linkages were studied with respect to conductivity and thermal stability. The room-temperature DC electrical conductivity of the PAM films was found to range from 9.59 × 10−7 S/cm to 9.73 × 10−7 S/cm. UV absorption at 342 nm confirmed the formation of azo (–C=N–) linkages in the polymer, which is helpful for electron conductivity throughout the polymer network. All three PAMs had a glass transition temperature (Tg) between 260°C and 267°C, and T10% thermal degradation values of thermally stable polyazomethines were in the range of 517–530°C. All three PAMs showed moderate solubility in organic solvents and inherent viscosity of between 0.31 dL/g and 0.35 dL/g. The XRD study indicated that all three PAMs were amorphous in nature, with a broad peak in the vicinity of 20°.

Field of study: Materials science
Glastonbury: managing the mystification of festivity

The realm of music festivity has grown into a global circuit that responds to the demand for emotive experiential products and taps into postmodern themes that celebrate a lifestyle attitude of extended youth. This paper investigates the phenomenon of festival culture through a case study of Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts. It highlights how modern music festivals have become sites of mediated brand management where commodified hyper-experiences are considered as new forms of contested cultural capital. Through a critical conceptual matrix that combines the work of Bourdieu, Pine and Gilmore, and Jensen the authors critically explore the interplay between the experiential dimension, mystical and fantasy narratives and the political contestation of festivity. Focusing on Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts 2010 the study presents an innovative interpretation of festivity through multi and social media. The authors argue that, while promoted as an ethical festival that celebrates its anti-commercial countercultural cool, Glastonbury reflects a modern cathedral of consumption where experiences are the mediated and managerially puppeteered capital of the field. However, festivity is moving beyond management as it is increasingly dependant on the co-creative social media activity of consumers to perpetuate the fantasy and capital of festivity.

Field of study: Sociology
Kinetics of phase separation in fluid mixtures by relaxation methods: Pressure-jump experiments and selected results

The investigation of a physico-chemical system in a ñn-eü1librium state as a function of time needs carefully designed experimental methods. The present paper refers to an adaption of relaxation techniques to the investigation of the kinetics of phase separation in fluid mixtures by the use of a fast oressure jump technique. Methods and experimental set-ups are described that allowed us to investigate the transmitted and scattered light intensities as closely as possible to the first formation of droplets after a pressure-jump induced pha— se separation. By evaluation of transient Mie scattering spectra from phase separation processes the existence of a kinetic barrier inside the coexistence region was established and its location inside the phase diagram could be determined. In addition an apparatus for the phenomenological investigation of late stages of phase separation (like aggregation and segregation) with the use of micro and macro photography is described. Recent developments will be reported on applying pressure jump techniques togas-liquidmixtures and improving them to the performance of differential pressure jumps with nearly arbitrary initial and final pressures. Applications on isopycnic systems are discussed in order to simulate the absence of gravitational forces.

Field of study: Chemistry
Effects of Individualized and Cooperative Learning Strategies on Performance of Students in Economics in Lagos State

The study compared the effects of the two learning strategies on the academic performance of students in economic achievement test. 400 students, from five secondary schools were selected in Lagos state. Instruments use was; Economic Achievement Test (ECOAT). Three hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance. Data collected were subjected to t-test statistics. The results showed that students in cooperative class performed better than individualized class and there is significant difference between academic performance of male and female students exposed to group learning. Based on these findings, it was recommended that cooperative learning strategies should be introduced at the secondary school level of education to enhance high academic performance of students, Social and emotional benefits should be built into individualized class so that learning becomes attractive  Individualized, Cooperative, Strategies, Achievement, Economics Students

Field of study: Education
Comparison of multispectral modeling of physiochemical attributes of greengage: Brix and pH values

Greengage, which currently grows mainly in the coastal areas of Southeast China, is nutritional and categorized as one of the strong alkaline forming foods. It is useful in neutralizing the acidity of blood and keeping the body fluids alkalescent. Besides, it can be used to alleviate the acidification of body fluids and reduce the risk of diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis, kidney stones, arthritis, gout, and cancer (Tian et al., 2018). Greengage fruit has a long history of being used in traditional Chinese foods as pulp served dried or salted, or as an ingredient in fruit wine, as well as for traditional Chinese medicine. But these simple-processed products have low added values. Currently, the surplus supply of greengage due to its increasing growing area in the past decades has already saturated the market of conventional greengage processing industry. Therefore, there is an urgency to upgrade the greengage processing industry with new products of more added values.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic terrane interactions in north-central British Columbia

Five clearly defined terranes, comprising from northeast to southwest, Ancestral North America, Slide Mountain, Quesnellia, Cache Creek, and Stikinia, are the dominant tectonic elements of north-central British Columbia. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, plutonic, metamorphic, and structural data show that the Slide Mountain Terrane evolved as a subduction, accretion, and island-arc complex during Permian time. Sedimentological data hint at the demise of the Slide Mountain and Cache Creek oceanic environments in the Permian or Early Triassic and Late Triassic, respectively. Subduction led to the development of volcanic–plutonic island arcs on Stikinia, Quesnellia, and locally on the Cache Creek Terrane in Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic time. Marked inter- and intra-terrane contraction in the Middle Jurassic resulted in the south westward thrusting of the Cache Creek Terrane onto Stikinia, the subsequent development of the Bowser Basin on Stikinia, and possible coeval culmination of the emplacement of Que...

Field of study: Environmental science
Excitation functions for complete fusion and transfer reactions in the interaction of 6He with 197Au nuclei

The excitation functions for the fusion reactions with subsequent neutron evaporation, 197Au(6He, xn)203 − xnTl (x = 2−7), and the neutron transfer reactions with production of the 196Au and 198Au isotopes have been measured. Unusually high cross section of the 198Au isotope production at energies below the Coulomb barrier has been observed. Possible mechanisms of production and decay of the transfer reaction products are considered.

Field of study: Physics
Redox reactions and inward cationic diffusion in glasses caused by CO and H2 gases

We find that inward diffusion of network-modifying cations can occur in an iron-containing silicate glass when it is heat-treated in CO/CO 2 (98/2 v/v) or H 2 /N 2 (1/99 v/v) gases at temperatures around the glass transition temperature. The inward diffusion is caused by the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions and this diffusion leads to formation of a silica-rich surface layer with a thickness of 200–600 nm. The diffusion coefficients of the network-modifying divalent cations are calculated and they are different for the glasses treated in the CO and H 2 gases. At the applied partial pressures of CO and H 2 , the H 2 -bearing gas creates the silica-rich layer more effectively than the CO-bearing gas. The layer increases the hardness and chemical durability of the glass due to the silica network structure in the surface layer.

Field of study: Materials science