nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability of Corylus Avellana, L. CorA and profilin pollen allergens expression

Corylus avellana is the source of inhalant allergies induced by hazel pollen as well as food allergies induced after ingestion of hazelnuts. In this study, real-time PCR approach was used to analyse expression of hazel pollen allergens on the molecular level. Relative quantity of hazelnut allergens Corylus avellana, L. CorA and Corylus avellana, L. pollen profiling in samples from different Ukraine areas were determining and comparing. Differences among the levels of both analysed allergen transcripts were found for hazel CorA and profillin. In both cases, the expression within the urbanized growth conditions was higher when compared to the sample from village area. The average expression for CorA was 0.84 times higher than for profilin and the results are very variable depending on the place of growth. Expression levels here were within the range of 2.957 up to the 52.936. Profilin expression was the highest in the sample from the polluted place of growth—cement plant area with the value of 52 times higher when compared to the sample from the village area. In this study, comparison of expression levels of hazel CorA and profiling pollen allergens was performed for the first time. Real-time PCR assay developed in this study proved the sensitivity for detection of the changes of the hazel pollen allergens expression levels and could benefit labs by fast and reproducible detection method of these allergens.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Roman volcanic province tephra in the Tiber River valley: Age calibration of middle Pleistocene sea-level changes

The close proximity of the Roman volcanic province to the Tyrrhenian Sea coastline provides a unique opportunity to combine clastic stratigraphy with 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology to constrain the timing of Pleistocene sea-level oscillations. The main eruptions from the Monti Sabatini volcanic district occurred during the interval 560–280 ka, and the Alban Hills volcanic district main eruptions span 560–350 ka. The interfingering of volcanics from these two centers with fluvial and shallow-marine sediments of the Tiber River and delta provides a datable relative sea-level record for this portion of middle Pleistocene time. We calculate the timing of glacial terminations using analytical errors only, then assess age uncertainties that include analytical plus systematic errors; the latter is required to compare 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages with those from other dating methods. Terminations III, V, and VI occur at 278 (261, 285) ka (95% confidence interval), 430 (422, 442) ka, and 534 (520, 541) ka, respectively, when only analytical uncertainties are used to calculate the ages of bracketing volcanic horizons. The confidence interval expands significantly when full external errors are considered, with predicted ages of 276 (258, 289) ka, 430 (416, 448) ka, and 533 (512, 548) ka for the terminations. The resultant 40 Ar/ 39 Ar chronology is generally consistent with the deep-sea δ 18 O record of sea-level change tuned to Earth9s obliquity cycle for glacial terminations VI, V, and III. In addition, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar constrained Tiber River delta sea-level record has the added benefit of identifying when coastal sections respond to complex (multistep) terminations.

Field of study: Geology
Enantioselektive Terpensynthesen durch Diels-Alder-Reaktion von 1-(1-arylalkoxy)-2-methyl-1,3-butadien mit Isopren

Terpene Syntheses by Diels-Alder Reaction of 1-(1-Arylalkoxy)-2-methyl-1,3-butadiene with Isoprene 
 
 
 
The (R)- and (S)-1-(1-arylalkoxy)-2-methyl-1,3-butadienes 6 undergo [4 + 2] cycloadditions with excess isoprene (7) under pressure to yield not only the expected (4S,6R)- and (4R,6S)-trans-carveol (8) with up to 96% e.e. but also up to 40% of (R)- and (S)-limonene (9) with up to 93% e.e. Asymmetric induction is proposed to arise from a transition state involving definite π stacking of one molecule of isoprenyl ether and two molecules of isoprene.

Field of study: Chemistry
STEM/EDX microanalysis of compositional fluctuations in semiconductor multi-quantum-well structures

Specimens of a GaAs/GaAlAs multiple-quantum-well structure grown by MOCVD have been examined in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) fitted with a field emission gun. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been used to identify chemical non-uniformities of about 1 nm in width, which can be seen in STEM imaging. Although accurate quantification is difficult, analysis has shown these features to be regions of increased Al concentration. These findings are consistent with results obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy with multi-slice image simulation.

Field of study: Materials science
[Genotype features of norovirus associated with acute gastroenteritis through sentinel surveillance in Guizhou Province, 2011].

To study the genotype of Norovirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province 2011, the patients' fecal specimens were collected from the Guizhou Province People's Hospital in the period of May to December 2011. Noroviruses in specimens were detected by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). VP1 genes of norovirus-positive strains were then cloned and sequenced. Out of 70 clinical samples, the positive rates for norovirus G I (1 strain) and G II (34 strains) were 1.43% and 48.57, respectively. The VP1 sequencing results of seven norovirus G II showed thatthree strains were genotype G II . 4 and four strains were genotype G II . 3 Those genotype GIL . 4 strains were new variants (GII . 4 2011),closest to GII . 4 2006b variant. One amino acid appeared back mutation. Those genotype G II . 3 strains were divided into 2 gene clusters. One cluster was closest to Korean strain (HM635118) and Shanghai strain(GU991355). One cluster was closest to Japaness strain (AB629943) and 2007 Indian strain (EU921389), Four amino acids appeared back mutations.

Field of study: Biology
Determination on 24 organochlorine pesticides residue in chicken

To detect 24 kinds of organochlorine pesticide in chicken,gel permeation chromatography-capillary gas chromatography were applied.The pesticide of chicken can be seperated by gel permeation chromatography.The interfering matters can be well eliminated in this condition and analysis is rapid.The residues of 24 organochlorine pesticides can be identified and quantified simultaneously by GC-ECD.This standard recovery rate was between 87.87% and 126.34%.Relative standard deviation was less 12.48%.This method was fast,simple,suitable for rapid detection of organochlorine pesticide in chicken.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Production spectrum of gamma rays in high energy interactions and high energy gamma ray intensity at 2900 m

An extended array of emulsion and lead plates has been exposed at Zugspitze for 6 months. The results of the measurements carried out on individual high energy cascades, and families of cascades allow the following conclusions to be drawn:a)The vertical intensity of electrons andγ-quanta with energy > 1000 GeV on Zugspitze (2900 m) is 4.5/8.8 × 10−10 cm−2sec−1ster−1.b)The energy spectrum of these particles has the shape of a power law with exponent — 1.85.c)The production spectrum of secondary particles in individual interactions is derived, and it steepens with increasing primary energy. Using other evidence one may then conclude that this is due to an increase of multiplicity with primary energy.

Field of study: Physics
A Music Assignment to Develop Pharmacy Students’ Empathy Toward People with Opioid Use Disorder

To determine the effectiveness of using music to assist pharmacy students in developing empathy toward patients with opioid use disorder.  Students were given an extra credit assignment as part of an elective course in neuropsychiatry. Students were to listen to the autobiographical album, The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack, about the life of rock music star Nikki Sixx and his struggles with heroin addiction. They were then required to write a reflection about how the lyrics and music from the album affected their personal views on persons with opioid use disorder.  Eighteen of 25 students in the course completed the assignment. Students’ response to the assignment was universally positive. Many commented on their previous views that opioid use was a choice and a problem for law enforcement to manage. Students stated how their perspectives changed significantly after listening to the music and developing an appreciation for the symptoms and problems related to opioid use disorder and attempts to abstain. Many students remarked how the musical accompaniment to the lyrics and narration helped shape their emotional response.  Health professions students often have difficulty understanding mental illnesses, including substance use disorders. Music can be used to enhance student's empathy toward patients with mental health and substance use disorders. Music and other art forms may be especially useful when teaching subject matter related to the affective domain.

Field of study: Education, Medicine
Pirate Novels: Fictions of Nation Building in Spanish America. By Nina Gerassi-Navarro. (Durham: Duke University Press, 1999. Pp. x, 251. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $17.95.)

Kelsey's conclusions are sure to stimulate further discussion. He holds that Drake was simply a pirate. He raided vessels with foreign flags, confiscated their cargo, then sold it for himself. He was an autocratic officer. Although frequently placed in a situation of shared command, he always wrested total power to himself. He was uncomfortable with shared command and sought to undermine those who might have claimed support themselves, even to the point of executing a member of his command staff on the world-encompassing voyage. Kelsey contends that contrary to many Protestant depictions, Drake was not a particularly religious man, although he frequently used religion as an excuse or a justification. The cause and persona of Drake, nevertheless, were to provide many authors with vessels into which to pour their own values. Yet, contrary to the vision of the Spanish and their colonists, Dcake was probably not as fierce, nor as effective a foe as he has been painted. Spanish claims of his depredations were frequently exaggerated, and, in fact, Drake was probably a mediocre commander, but he more than compensated for that by sheer audacity.

Field of study: History
BISINDOLES. 42. SYNTHESIS OF A NEW BISSPIROPYRAN SYSTEM DERIVED FROM INDOLO[4,5 e ]INDOLE

How to Cite Samsoniya, Sh. A.; Trapaidze, M. V.; Nikoleishvili, N. N.; Japaridze, K. G.; Maisuradze, J. P.; Kazmaier,   For this article in the English edition see DOI 10.1007/s10593-010-0618-7

Field of study: Chemistry
Multitrophic interactions in the rhizosphere microbiome of wheat: from bacteria and fungi to protists.

Plants modulate the soil microbiota by root exudation assembling a complex rhizosphere microbiome with organisms spanning different trophic levels. Here, we assessed the diversity of bacterial, fungal and cercozoan communities in landraces and modern varieties of wheat. The dominant taxa within each group were the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria; the fungi phyla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota; and the Cercozoa classes Sarcomonadea, Thecofilosea and Imbricatea. We showed that microbial networks of the wheat landraces formed a more intricate network topology than that of modern wheat cultivars, suggesting that breeding selection resulted in a reduced ability to recruit specific microbes in the rhizosphere. The high connectedness of certain cercozoan taxa to bacteria and fungi indicated trophic network hierarchies where certain predators gain predominance over others. Positive correlations between protists and bacteria in landraces were preserved as a subset in cultivars as was the case for the Sarcomonadea class with Actinobacteria. The correlations between the microbiome structure and plant genotype observed in our results suggest the importance of top-down control by organisms of higher trophic levels as a key factor for understanding the drivers of microbiome community assembly in the rhizosphere.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Increased levels of serum galectin-3 in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: associated with interstitial lung disease.

To explore the potential values of serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels in diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) for patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).



The concentrations of serum Gal-3 and interleukin (IL)-17 were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 87 patients with pSS and 30 healthy controls (HC). The levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulin (Ig)G, complement (C3), albumin (ALB) and Fibrinogen (FIB) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. ILD was identified on high-resolution computed tomography.



The levels of serum Gal-3 and IL-17 were significantly higher in pSS patients than in HC. Stratification analyses indicated significantly higher levels of Gal-3 in pSS patients with ILD and in those with positive ANCA. In comparison with that of pSS patients without ILD, significantly higher levels of ESR, CRP, FIB, IgG, C3 and lower ALB were detected in pSS patients with ILD. The levels of galectin-3 were correlated positively with the values of CRP, FIB, IgG or IL-17 in patients with pSS.



These findings suggest that higher levels of serum galectin-3 may be associated with the development of pSS, particularly with ILD.

Field of study: Medicine
Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Ca0.97La0.03MnO3 Manganites

In spite of many previous studies on electron-doped CaMnO3 perovskite manganites, detailed investigations into the influence of low-doping concentrations on their magnetic and magnetocaloric (MC) properties have not been carried out yet. Additionally, there is still the lack of the comparison between single-crystal (SC) and polycrystalline (PC) materials. Dealing with these problems, we prepared orthorhombic Ca0.97La0.03MnO3 SC and PC samples. Magnetization measurements versus the temperature and magnetic field revealed remarkable differences in the magnetic property, particularly around the antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase-transition region. The analyses of the magnetization versus magnetic field, M(H), data indicated a weak MC effect with magnetic-entropy changes less than 0.1 J kg−1 K−1 for an applied field interval H = 10 kOe because ferromagnetic interactions between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions are insignificant. The differences in the magnetic and MC properties of the SC and PC samples are ascribed to the effects of grain boundary, magnetic anisotropy, and nonstoichiometry in oxygen.

Field of study: Materials science
Effect of aluminum speciation and structure characterization on preferential removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by aluminum hydroxide coagulation.

Humic acid was coagulated by aluminum chloride and pokyaluminum (PACl) at different pH conditions. Aluminum speciation was investigated in details through combining electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) with solid-state 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). Freeze-dried flocs from coagulation precipitates were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR. This study also evaluated removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by PACI and AlCl3 coagulation during coagulation process. Particular emphasis was paid to the role of aluminum speciation and structure characterization in the preferential removal of precursors by coagulation. The results indicated that prehydrolyzed or in situ formed Al13 species during coagulation process exhibited preferential removal for corresponding DBP precursors with relative structures. On one hand, for DBP precursors with aromatic and carboxylic structures, in situ Al13 species were preferentially bound to these DBP precursors. Thus, more DBP precursors with aromatic and carboxylic structures were removed by AlCl3 than those by PACl at pH 5.0. On the other hand, for DBP precursors with aliphatic structures, aluminum coagulation was not responsible for reducing these precursors. However, oligomeric aluminum species and preformed Al13 species were weak preferentially bound to DBP precursors with aliphatic structures.

Field of study: Environmental science
New progress on reform of talent cultivating pattern in research universities in China

With the development of social economy and technology in our country, more innovative talents are needed. It is imperative for universities to reform talent cultivating pattern. in recent years, research universities in our country have attempted to break through the traditional education pattern, and accumulated plenty of practical experiences in target orientation of talent cultivation, major and curriculum reform, innovative talent cultivating construction and so on. We should follow the laws of university education and innovative talent cultivation, fully mobilize the reform enthusiasm of both teachers and students, make orientation of talent cultivating target scientifically, give both consideration to general education and professional education and impel the exploration of talent cultivating diversification.

Field of study: Education
Response of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, to a magnetic barrier simulating a beach net

Beach nets are preventative devices used to minimize interactions between potentially harmful sharks and unsuspecting swimmers. Quantitative studies demonstrated that beach nets drastically reduced local elasmobranch populations, as well as caused considerable bycatch mortality. For this experiment, a beach net-like device was constructed and the behaviors of six juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) were analyzed. Induced by olfactory and gustatory cues, sharks were given the choice to swim through a magnetic or control opening in the net. In the first trial, all six sharks avoided the magnetic region and significantly preferred to swim through the control region of the fence. The magnetic stimulus no longer affected the swimming behavior of three sharks retested after resting 24 h. Results from the retested sharks were correlated with those from repeated tonic immobility trials, which demonstrated a linear decrease in sensitivity to repeated magnetic stimulation. This study serves as a baseline experiment demonstrating that permanent magnets may substantially decrease elasmobranch mortality within beach nets.

Field of study: Environmental science
Differential gene expression in WKY and SHR brain following acute and chronic air-puff stress.

This study determined the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and prepro-neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the brain following acute and chronic air-puff stress. Acute stress increased TH gene expression in the locus coeruleus of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (+80%), but only modestly in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; +19%). Hypothalamic AVP mRNA in SHR was persistently elevated in the supraoptic nucleus (+24% acute; +19% chronic), but reduced in the magnocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (-15% acute; -20% chronic). In the arcuate nucleus, NPY mRNA expression increased by 60% and 81% in response to acute and chronic air-puff stress, respectively, in SHR. These data suggest differential adaptation to air-puff stress between WKY and SHR.

Field of study: Biology
Kames and Kame Terraces of Central Massachusetts

The numerous valleys of north central Massachusetts are bordered by more or less continuous terraces at elevations varying from 200 feet above sealevel in the lower part of the Nashua Valley northeast of Pepperell to more than 1,000 feet in the upper reaches of Millers River Valley north of Winchendon. These terraces vary in areal extent from mere discontinuous fringes in some of the valleys to broad sand plains a mile or more in width, such as the plains surrounded by the 260-foot contour south of Ayer and south and east of Shirley village; Many of these terraces have kames associated with them, either broad areas of knob-and-basin topography like that of Bakers Brook Valley east of Fitchburg, or single scattered hillocks jutting out into the valley like those along Millers River west of Orange. During the past few years extensive road and concrete construction has brought about the . . .

Field of study: Geology
Investigation on the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Polytetrafluoroethylene

Strain rate sensitivity of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) across strain rate range from 10-3 to 106 s-1 was investigated. For quasi-static state of strain rates from10-3 to 10-1 s-1, the samples were tested using universal material testing machine. The values of compression strength and Young’s Modulus were calculated from the experimental results. And exponential fitting and linear fitting were done to the experimental data of compression strength and Young’s Modulus, respectively. The quasi-static experimental results are compared with Zerillie-Armstrong model for polymers, which shows better agreement at large strains. For 102~103 s-1, the samples were tested using traditional split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPBs). The experimental result was compared with other test of as-received sample. For 105~106 s-1, the PTFE dynamic pressure experiment was conducted using pressure-shear-plate-impact (PSPI) facility. The polymer-specific Lennard-Jones model was used to analyze the results of ultra-high strain rate.

Field of study: Engineering
Losses in the Saturated Iron-Core Superconducting Fault Current Limiter For VSC-HVDC System

This paper presents the loss analysis on the saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiter (SISFCL) for a VSC-HVDC transmission system. The numerical model of SISFCL as well as its loss calculation on superconducting parts were carried out by the finite-element method (FEM) using the H-formulation merged into the commercial package COMSOL. The SISFCL model was established for a practical ±10 kV VSC-HVDC system, and the fault current situation was simulated using the PSCAD with a SISFCL. The capability of fault current limiting was verified using the analysis of electromagnetic characteristics, and the corresponding patterns of magnetic field in the iron-core were studied. During the process of fault current limiting, the instantaneous power losses in the superconducting components were studied with the increasing DC bias current. Even in a DC grid system, results proved there were considerable amounts of losses occurred in the superconducting parts, when the SISFCL encountered the fault currents.

Field of study: Physics
Measurement of a double spin asymmetry in the photoproduction of $\pi^{-}$π--mesons on deuterons

The paper presents results of a double polarization experiment to extract an asymmetry of the $\pi^{-}$π--meson photoproduction on a tensor-polarized deuteron by a linearly polarized photon. The energy of photons lies in the range (300-700) MeV. The measurements were performed on the internal tensor-polarized deuterium target in the VEPP-3 electron-positron storage ring for the electron beam energy equal to 2 GeV. In the experiment, two protons and a scattered electron were detected in coincidence. The results of the measurement are compared with theoretical predictions made in the framework of impulse approximation, taking into account the $\pi N$πN and NN-rescattering in the final state.

Field of study: Physics