nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Dimension Selection using a Blue Noise Spectrum

Unsupervised dimension selection is an important problem that seeks to reduce dimensionality of data, while preserving the most useful characteristics. While dimensionality reduction is commonly utilized to construct low-dimensional embeddings, they produce feature spaces that are hard to interpret. Further, in applications such as sensor design, one needs to perform reduction directly in the input domain, instead of constructing transformed spaces. Consequently, dimension selection (DS) aims to solve the combinatorial problem of identifying the top-$k$ dimensions, which is required for effective experiment design, reducing data while keeping it interpretable, and designing better sensing mechanisms. In this paper, we develop a novel approach for DS based on graph signal analysis to measure feature influence. By analyzing synthetic graph signals with a blue noise spectrum, we show that we can measure the importance of each dimension. Using experiments in supervised learning and image masking, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over existing techniques in capturing crucial characteristics of high dimensional spaces, using only a small subset of the original features.

Field of study: Computer science
ESTABLISHING CRITERIA FOR DESIGNING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USING SELF- ORGANIZING NEURAL NETWORKS

Production systems required much information to be properly design. Artificial neural networks seems to be perfect solution for analysis of such amount of data. However to gain useful output from artificial networks data have to be correctly prepared. This article shows a thinking-process of obtaining correct criteria for each step of systems designing process. Research goes through basics of knowledge management in production companies that gives further ideas for criteria prioritizing. Different criteria was dedicated to different management approach based of production unit complexity.

Field of study: Engineering
Indice des sous-alg\`ebres biparaboliques d'une alg\`ebre de Lie simple classique

We generalize the results in  giving a reduction algorithm allowing to compute the index of seaweed subalgebras of classical simple Lie algebras. We thus are able to obtain the index of some interesting families of seaweed subalgebras and to give new examples of large classes of Frobenius Lie algebras among them.

Field of study: Mathematics
Hon v. Stroh Brewery Company: what do we mean by "moderate" and "heavy" drinking?

Although widely used, drinking terms such as "light,"' "moderate," and "heavy" are unstandardized and, as a result, public health messages using these terms may convey confusing information. As an initial attempt in providing such standardization, the present study surveyed public definitions for these terms. "Light" drinking was operationally defined as 1.4-2.4 drinks/day; "moderate" drinking was defined as 2.5-3.6 drinks/day; and "heavy" drinking was defined as 3.7 drinks/day and above. These ranges, however, were dependent on the respondent's gender, age, socioeconomic status, and especially the respondent's self-reported tolerance. Males had a higher threshold of consumption for "moderate" and "heavy" drinking than women. Older respondents likewise assigned a higher threshold for these terms than younger respondents. As respondent income increased, the threshold for "heavy" drinking decreased. The heaviest drinkers had a higher threshold for assigning the "heavy" label than did any other group. Ethnicity did not significantly affect these ranges, and religion only affected the threshold for "heavy" drinking. Because reseachers ultimately rely on terms such as "moderate" or ":heavy" to communicate their findings to colleagues and the public, it would seem apposite for them to agree on operational definitions for such terms. It would also seem appropriate to consider the operational definitions the public uses when referring to these terms to promote credibility of research findings and appropriate changes in behavior.

Field of study: Medicine
Influence of C,V Content on Peak Strain of Deformed Austenite in Micro-alloyed Steel

The models of errorback propagation(BP) neural network,which was the relationship between the content(C,V) and peak strain(ep),were established on the basis of the data in Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulated experiment on the condition of isothermal compression at 1000℃,1050℃ and strain rate range of 0.01～10s-1 for3 micro-alloyed steel with 0.05wt%C～0.33wt%C,0.004wt%～0.099wt%V.The effects of C,V content on ep of vanadium micro-alloyed steel were researched using BP neural network models.The results show that the influences of C,V content on ep are related to strain rate.The influence law at high strain rate is different from that at low strain rate.

Field of study: Materials science
Construction of a large superconducting spectrometer dipole magnet with negative curvature

The construction of a large superconducting dipole magnet with a negative curvature side is described. The cryostable coils consist of 350 turns each and operate at 500 A. Support links which support the coil and minimize bobbin deflections have been built and tested. A mapping system which follows the beam trajector is being built. The coil winding, the support links, the assembly, and the field mapper are discussed.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Glacial changes in the Hunza Basin, western Karakoram, since the Little Ice Age

Glaciers have remained relatively stable in the Karakoram over the past few decades, in contrast to rapid retreat in other regions of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains. This study investigated glacial changes in the Karakoram since the Little Ice Age (LIA) to examine if this relatively stable scenario has occurred for a longer term. We mapped 432 contemporary glaciers and their corresponding 313 LIA glaciers in the Hunza Basin, western Karakoram, using Google Earth and Landsat images. We also derived geomorphometric parameters for each glacier using the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission digital elevation model and reconstructed the equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) for both contemporary and LIA glaciers based on the toe-to-ridge altitude method. Our results revealed 6.6% decrease in the total area, 14.5% shortening in the total length along the flowline of each LIA glacier, and approximately 98 m rising in the mean ELA since the LIA. The relative area reduction was strongly affected by geomorphometric factors and small glaciers tended to experience relatively large areal reductions. In contrast, the change in ELA was not strongly affected by glacial area but had some correlations with slope and mean elevation. Compared to other areas on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains, glacial changes have been less extensive in the Hunza Basin since the LIA. These findings confirmed a relatively stable behavior of glaciers in this area since the LIA and a strong control of local geomorphometric characteristics on glacial change.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
An Analysis of Related Law Problems in Sxual Harassment

In recent years, many cases of sexual harassment have taken place, which has become a serious social problem arousing widely concern. Nowadays, sexual harassment has changed a lot, which is beyond people previous recognition and understanding. In order to decrease and prevent the occurance of sexual harassment, We should rethink its definition and other related problems. By analyzing the concept of sexual harassment, the subjects, the suffered objects and the situation of the case, the paper try to reveal its essence.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Logic of Belief and Belief Change: A Decision Theoretic Approach

Savage [L. Savage, ‘‘The Foundations of Statistics,’’ Wiley, New York, 1954] showed how properties of a decision maker’s probabilistic beliefs can be deduced from primitive consistency axioms on preferences. This paper extends that approach and shows how logical properties of beliefwhich underlie economists’ models of information and knowledgecan be related to properties of preferences.

Field of study: Economics
[The prevalence of autism: genuine and imaginary].

In this review, the authors analyze the causes of the high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in recent decades. It is shown that the expansion of the boundaries of the 'autistic spectrum' concept led to a significant spread of data on its prevalence, depending on the time, diagnostic criteria, country and region. Stability of the diagnosis of ASD is not high and depends on the age of the child. Diagnostic practice in comorbid psychiatric disorders unfairly shifted toward ASD. At the same time, the hypothesis on the uniqueness of autistic manifestations in infancy is not convincingly confirmed. The practical aspect of the problem of the epidemiology of autism does not exclude, but on the contrary, presupposes early detection of nonspecific mental disorders followed by medical-psychological-pedagogical correction.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey—Data Release 3

We present observations of 50 deg2 of the Mopra carbon monoxide (CO) survey of the Southern Galactic Plane, covering Galactic longitudes l = 300–350° and latitudes |b| ⩽ 0.5°. These data have been taken at 0.6 arcmin spatial resolution and 0.1 km s−1spectral resolution, providing an unprecedented view of the molecular clouds and gas of the Southern Galactic Plane in the 109–115 GHz J = 1–0 transitions of 12CO, 13CO, C18O, and C17O. We present a series of velocity-integrated maps, spectra, and position-velocity plots that illustrate Galactic arm structures and trace masses on the order of ~106 M⊙ deg−2, and include a preliminary catalogue of C18O clumps located between l = 330–340°. Together with the information about the noise statistics of the survey, these data can be retrieved from the Mopra CO website and the PASA data store.

Field of study: Physics
Efficacy of Different Fungicides for the Control of Grey Mildew (Ramularia areoja Atk.) of Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L)

Among the seven fungicides tested, carbendazim, benomyl and tridemorp at 0.05 per cent concentration were proved effective in controling the disease. The disears intensity in carbendazim, benomyl and tridemorph was only 2.99, 3.86 and 4.51 as against 51.60 in check. The disease intensity in these three treatments was significantly lower then check and at par with each other. The yield in all the three treatments was significantly improved, in comparison to check.

Field of study: Biology
Effects of institutional changes on land use: agricultural land abandonment during the transition from state-command to market-driven economies in post-Soviet Eastern Europe

Institutional settings play a key role in shaping land cover and land use. Our goal was to understand the effects of institutional changes on agricultural land abandonment in different countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union after the collapse of socialism. We studied 273 800 km 2 (eight Landsat footprints) within one agro-ecological zone stretching across Poland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania and European Russia. Multi-seasonal Landsat TM/ETMC satellite images centered on 1990 (the end of socialism) and 2000 (one decade after the end of socialism) were used to classify agricultural land abandonment using support vector machines. The results revealed marked differences in the abandonment rates between countries. The highest rates of land abandonment were observed in Latvia (42% of all agricultural land in 1990 was abandoned by 2000), followed by Russia (31%), Lithuania (28%), Poland (14%) and Belarus (13%). Cross-border comparisons revealed striking differences; for example, in the Belarus‐Russia cross-border area there was a great difference between the rates of abandonment of the two countries (10% versus 47% of abandonment). Our results highlight the importance of institutions and policies for land-use trajectories and demonstrate that radically different combinations of institutional change of strong institutions during the transition can reduce the rate of agricultural land abandonment (e.g., in Belarus and in Poland). Inversely, our results demonstrate higher abandonment rates for countries where the institutions that regulate land use changed and where the institutions took more time to establish (e.g., Latvia, Lithuania and Russia). Better knowledge regarding the effects of such broad-scale change is essential for understanding land-use change and for designing effective land-use policies. This information is particularly relevant for Northern Eurasia, where rapid

Field of study: Environmental science
Corporate Board Educational Qualification Diversity and Performance of Quoted Companies in Nigeria: A Methodological Shift

The board of directors plays an important role in the management of organizations resources. Educational qualification of the directors therefore constitutes a major consideration for appointing members of the board as this is important for decision making. This study examined the relationship between board educational qualification diversity and performance of 53 manufacturing companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2015.Descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted. Secondary data used were sourced from the annual reports of the companies under consideration. The method of analysis was descriptive and inferential statistics. The multiple regression results did not establish any significant relationship between board educational qualification diversity and performance of quoted companies in Nigeria. However, the results show significant relationships between board educational qualification diversity and performance metrics of Tobin’s Q and ROA when controlled for board size and firm leverage. This study recommends that relevant stakeholders involved in board composition should always endeavour to consider and harness value enhancing factors in the selection and appointment of the members of corporate board for optimal performance.

Field of study: Business
Domain structure in magnetic films with a saturation magnetization higher than the anisotropy field

The domain structure (DS) of yttrium-iron garnet films with uniaxial anisotropy fields higher than ∼120 Oe was found to have a 3D character: there is a stripe domain structure of a certain type in the surface layer and a structure of another type in the film bulk. It was revealed that in the absence of an external magnetic field, the boundaries of both DSs are almost perpendicular, whereas with an increase in an external field applied in the film plane along the boundaries of the interior-volume DS, the boundaries of the surface DS are gradually reoriented along the external field. This phenomenon is theoretically explained on the basis of the micromagnetic model, which describes DS formation in ferrite films.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of Fat Reduction and Curd Dipping Temperature on Viscoelasticity, Texture and Appearance of Gaziantep Cheese

The effects of varying fat content (from 13.5 to 50.4% w/w) and curd dipping temperatures (75, 85 and 95°C) on changes in viscoelastic properties, texture and appearance of Gaziantep cheese were examined. Viscoelastic properties of cheeses were studied using creep and recovery tests. Creep measurements showed that fat reduction from 50.4% (w/w) to 13.5% (w/w) decreased viscoelasticity while dipping into hot whey increased that of low-fat cheeses. Textural characteristics (hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, springiness) were determined by texture profile analysis (TPA). Hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness and springiness values increased with decreasing fat content (P < 0.05). The application of curd dipping also increased hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness and springiness. Textural parameters were correlated with each others, except cohesiveness. Fat in dry matter correlated only with hardness and springiness, however curd dipping process correlated with all TPA parameters considered in this study. Colour of the cheese samples was affected by fat content as L value and b value decreased with decreasing fat content (P < 0.05). The decrease in curd dipping temperature increased the L value (P < 0.05) and decreased the b value.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Soil bacterial diversity in a loblolly pine plantation: influence of ectomycorrhizas and fertilization.

We studied the effect of ectomycorrhizas and fertilization on soil microbial communities associated with roots of 10-year-old loblolly pine. Ectomycorrhizas were identified using a combination of community terminal restriction fragment profiling and matching of individual terminal restriction fragments to those produced from ectomycorrhizal clones and sequences recovered from roots and sporocarps. Differences between bacterial communities were initially determined using cluster analysis on community terminal restriction fragment profiles and through subsequent recovery of 16S rDNA clones. Analysis of bacterial clones revealed that terminal restriction fragment length was often shared between taxonomically dissimilar bacterial types. Consequently, we could not reliably infer the identity of peaks in the bacterial community profile with some exceptions, notably chloroplast rDNA that generated an approximate peak size of 80.2 bp. Fertilization increased the frequency of a Piloderma-like ectomycorrhiza. However, we did not detect clear effects of fertilization or the presence of viable ectomycorrhizas on bacterial communities. Bacterial communities seemed to be determined largely by the carbon and nitrogen content of soil. These results suggest that important soil microbial groups respond differently to soil conditions and management practices, with ectomycorrhizal communities reflecting past nutrient conditions and bacterial communities reflecting current environmental conditions of soil microsites.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
In-process verification of MLC substrates

Circuit features on multi-layered ceramic (MLC) substrates used in microwave applications, such as wireless handheld devices, are decreasing in size and pose significant challenges to manufacturers. Features of 50 μm lines and spaces on MLC substrates are now common and the circuits on the substrates are more complex. These trends towards miniaturization and circuit density emphasis the changing requirements of the verification and monitoring of registration tolerances throughout the manufacturing process. To effectively manage yields, manufacturers must verify that punching and printing is consistent and uniform while maintaining careful process controls to avoid substrate shrinkage and print screen stretch. The common method of visual inspection cannot achieve the precision or consistency that is necessary to assure the precise registration of dense multi-layer circuitry. Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) addresses the shortcomings of visual inspection and provides additional process improvements. This method of inspection verifies print integrity against a digitized standard, confirms print registration and detects common print defects such as voids, shorts, mouse bites, and other print process defects. Employing AOI during critical stages of the manufacturing proves to be instrumental in providing critical feedback necessary to correct in-process errors. This feedback is essential for manufacturers specializing in shorter productions runs that must identify and understand process abnormalities immediately.

Field of study: Engineering
Study on parameters and performances of SBS medium C_4Cl_6

The stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) medium hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene(C_4Cl_6) with little absorption coefficient is studied in terms of the absorption theory of medium to the light.Through basic physical parameters,the SBS parameters of C_4Cl_6 with the incident beam wavelength of 1 064 nm are determined.The absorption coefficient is 0.003 cm~(-1),the phonon lifetime is 0.25 ns and the gain coefficient is 4.9 cm·GW~(1).Whereas the Brillouin frequency is inversely proportional to the incident beam wavelength and the phonon is proportional to its square,the gain coefficient is wavelength-independent.In the single-cell SBS system pumped by Nd:YAG Q-switched laser,the SBS performances of C_4Cl_6 are studied.The results show that the saturation energy reflectivity of C_4Cl_6 is above 55%,well exceeding that of H_2O.As to the SBS pulse,the width is broader than that of H_2O and the rise time is shorter than that of CS_2.The characteristics of small absorption coefficient and short phonon lifetime,making C_4Cl_6 suitable for the amplifier medium,will be of importance in optimizing the choice of SBS medium and improving the SBS system performance.

Field of study: Physics
Sex Ratios and Occupational Prestige: Three Failures to Replicate a Sexist Bias

An experiment reported by John Touhey (1974) suggests that as people come to expect increases in the proportion of women in a high status profession, their ratings of the prestige and desirability of that profession decreases. The present study reports three failures to replicate this finding. These failures to replicate should caution researchers regarding the generalizability of the original finding and the extent to which it can be cited as an explanation for fluctuations in occupational prestige.

Field of study: Psychology
Biomimetic growth of flower-like calcite morphology

The crystal growth of calcium carbonate was investigated in presence of para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) at different experimental conditions. Calcite phase with newflower-like morphologywas obtained biomimetically at roomtemperature after 24 hrs of crystal growth at pH8.0 and 0.2mMconcentration of PABA. On the other hand complex bundles of plate-like nano subunits were dominant at pH 3.0. PABAplayed an important role in directing the crystal phase and growth morphology of calcium carbonate. The products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

Field of study: Materials science
The Effect of Recombinant Hump Erythropoietin Therapy in Anemic Kidney Patients: A Nutritional Emphasis

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone critical to erythroid development. Produced in the kidney, EPO stimulates erythroid precursors, regulates hemoglobin synthesis, and accelerates the production of red blood cells. During normal renal function EPO production increases with anemic conditions. In contrast, the damaged kidney of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unable to maintain this homeostatic balance. Thus, as kidney failure progresses, the severity of anemia increases. The recent development of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) brings hope to the hemodialysis population suffering from ESRD-associated anemia. Clinical trials indicate that several biochemical, hematological, and physiological parameters are improved with r-HuEPO therapy. The quality of life for patients is improved with r-HuEPO treatment; they report increased energy and appetite. The requirements of several nutrients important to erythropoiesis are increased as a result of r-HuEPO therapy. Serum concentrations of iron, folate, and vitamin B 12 should be monitored during treatment, and supplementation is often recommended. Hematocrit is increased with treatment of r-HuEPO. Amino acid concentrations may improve with r-HuEPO therapy. The blood levels of several minerals may become altered in the hemodialysis patient receiving r-HuEPO therapy. Hyperkalemia has been observed in some patients. Elevated aluminum blood levels interfere with erythropoiesis and ferrokinetics; however, desferrioxamine therapy has been used to treat this condition. Major advances have been made in treating the anemia of renal failure; however, the nutritional requirements of r-HuEPO patients warrant further investigation.

Field of study: Medicine