nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ НЕФТЯНОГО СЕКТОРА

Российский нефтяной сектор вышел на максимальные уровни добычи и экспорта. Добыча нефти достигла наивысшего уровня за период с 1990 г., а нефтяной экспорт - исторического максимума. Вместе с тем перспективы развития сектора определяются ухудшением условий добычи нефти, связанным с истощением эксплуатируемых ме- сторождений в освоенных регионах и существенно более высокими затратами на разработку новых месторождений и трудноизвлекаемых запасов. Осложняют развитие нефтяного сектора и введенные по отношению к России секторальные технологические санкции и низкие мировые цены на нефть.

Field of study: Economics
Identification of gas-phase pyrolysis products in a prescribed fire: first detections using infrared spectroscopy for naphthalene, methyl nitrite, allene, acrolein and acetaldehyde

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from many sources, including
wildland fire. VOCs have received heightened emphasis due to such gases'
influential role in the atmosphere, as well as possible health effects. We
have used extractive infrared (IR) spectroscopy on recent prescribed burns
in longleaf pine stands and herein report the first detection of five
compounds using this technique. The newly reported IR detections include
naphthalene, methyl nitrite, allene, acrolein and acetaldehyde. We discuss
the approaches used for detection, particularly the software methods needed
to fit the analyte and multiple (interfering) spectral components within the
selected spectral micro-window(s). We also discuss the method's detection
limits and related parameters such as spectral resolution.

Field of study: Environmental science
Analysis of an Efficient Dynamic Probability Broadcasting Algorithm Based on Probabilistic Model Checking

Broadcasting is a common operation in Ad Hoc networks.The efficiency of broadcasting algorithm can dramatically affect the performance of the entire network.Based on dynamic probability broadcasting(DP)algorithm,border-node-first dynamic probability broadcasting(BN-DP)algorithm is presented.The influence of nodes density,package counter and distance between sender and receiver on the performance of broadcasting algorithm is considered in BN-DP algorithm.Nodes located at the radio border of the sender are set with higher rebroadcast probability.Analyses with PRISM reveal that BN-DP algorithm operates more efficiently than the FP(fixed probability)algorithm and DP algorithm do.With the same reachability,it saves more rebroadcasts and reduces overheads.

Field of study: Computer science
Between Peacebuilding and Statebuilding, Between Social Engineering and Post-Colonialism

Taken together, these two volumes represent variations on the mainstream of peace and conflict research in international relations, normatively based on liberal assumptions, and focused on the key areas of peacebuilding and statebuilding. They equate sustainable peace with a state framework for market democracy and civil society, and will no doubt be widely read and appreciated for some good reason. In the case of the Paris and Sisk volume, this will be so especially in North America where the language and methodology employed is perhaps most resonant. The work of many of the authors included in these two books has been influential. Chapters summarise the range of issues in mainstream debates well, bringing together an interesting range of papers. Yet, to my mind the dilemma that they represent for scholars and practitioners involved in international intervention, whether conflict management, resolution or transformation, mediation and negotiation, peacekeeping, peacebuilding or statebuilding, is an old one which these two volumes, able and scholarly though they are, ultimately skirt around. Somewhere between peacebuilding as an activity focused on a ‘sustainable peace’ often understood as grass-roots, locally owned and resonant, and statebuilding as an institutional activity backed by the mainly western international community for its own interests and to consolidate its security and normative systems, a very unsatisfactory form of peace has emerged, which has had a minimal impact on its many recipients, and appears alien, distant, heavy handed or uncaring. Echoes of colonialism and of local everyday resistance, hidden and obvious, have arisen within the span of these agendas. It is the set of problems that emerge from these tensions, which these two volumes address in timely fashion. These tensions are between ‘liberal’ and ‘local’, between distant ‘governmentality’ and local political, social, economic systems, often influenced by custom or class and dynamics that fall outside of the liberal canon. These are often assumed to be without agency or capacity, but liberal experiences of statebuilding and peacebuilding have shown this not to be the case, in my view. These hidden tensions have caused a post-colonial critique of these ‘peace projects’ to become very

Field of study: History, Sociology
Manipulation via Capacities in Two-Sided Matching Markets

We study manipulation of solutions by hospitals via underreporting their capacities in the context of centralized two-sided matching markets. We show that the solution that is used to match medical interns and hospitals in United States is manipulable in this way. Our main result is that there is no solution that isstableandnon-manipulable via capacities. Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C71, C78, D71 D78.

Field of study: Economics
DLTS investigation of deep levels in bulk GaAs under uniaxial stress

This work reports uniaxial stress DLTS measurements on the EL2, EL3 and EL6 levels in n-type bulk GaAs. The stress was parallel to the (111) axis. The defect state EL6 seems unaffected by stresses up to 1.5 kbar. EL2 exhibits a pressure coefficient of 1.3 meV kbar-1. EL3 shows a low-stress (2.8 meV kbar-1) and a high-stress (4.6 meV kbar-1) pressure coefficient. These results are discussed in connection with previously reported data published in the literature. An anomalous electric field dependence of the emission rate of the EL3 level is also reported.

Field of study: Materials science
Timing of K-alkaline magmatism in the Balkan segment of southeast European Variscan edifice: ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS study

The Variscan orogen in southeast Europe is exposed in isolated remnants, affected by a subsequent Alpine tectono-magmatic overprint. Unlike the central European Variscides, in SE Europe the juxtaposition and correlation of the events and products are impeded by the scarcity of Variscan domains with preserved magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentological and structural characteristics. To reveal the particular evolution of the Variscan orogen in Balkan Mts, we present the results of ID-TIMS and LA-ICP-MS dating of three potassic-alkaline intrusions: Svidnya, Buhovo–Seslavtsi and Shipka. The age determinations from the plutons do not permit to establish their unequivocal ages, but they bracket the time interval of emplacements. Based on geochronological, tectonic and stratigraphic evidence the emplacement interval for plutons could be: 317–310 Ma for Svidnya, 330–310 Ma for Buhovo–Seslavtsi and 320–303 Ma for Shipka. These results show that the generation of potassic-alkaline magmas was post-Visean and is contemporaneous with the adjacent numerous calc-alkaline granitoid plutons. Thus, the Variscan orogen in the Balkan Mts is not characterized by a time-dependent geochemical evolution of magma generation. Hence, the observed differences in the rocks’ compositions can be interpreted solely by distinction between the magma sources. The available data for both potassic-alkaline and calc-alkaline rocks indicate that the major episodes of crustal stacking and shearing in the Balkan part of the Variscan edifice are pre-Visean (~330 Ma). The present study reveals that the potassic-alkaline rocks from the Balkan Mts are younger than the central European potassic granitoids (durbachites). It suggests that melting of enriched mantle source took place at different times throughout the Variscan orogen. In spite of the alkaline character of the magmas, the studied zircons show a complex nature, with inherited cores and magmatic overgrowths. The observed heterogeneities in the zircons imply the presence of much older materials in the petrogenesis of the rocks from the potassic-alkaline plutons.

Field of study: Environmental science
Structural and functional variation in soil fungal communities associated with litter bags containing maize leaf.

Soil fungi are key players in the degradation of recalcitrant organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems. To examine the organisms and genes responsible for complex organic matter degradation in soil, we tracked changes in fungal community composition and expressed genes in soil adjacent to mesh bags containing maize leaves undergoing decomposition. Using high-throughput sequencing approaches, changes in fungal community composition were determined by targeting 18S rRNA gene sequences, whereas community gene expression was examined via a metatranscriptomic approach. The majority of the 93 000 partial 18S rRNA gene sequences generated, were affiliated with the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Fungal diversity was at least 224 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cutoff level. During litter degradation, the relative proportion of Basidiomycota increased, with a decrease in Ascomycota : Basidiomycota ratios over time. The most commonly detected decomposition-associated fungi included Agaricomycetes and Tremellales as well as unclassified Mucoromycotina. The majority of protein families found in the metatranscriptomic data were affiliated to fungal groups described to degrade plant-derived cellulose, such as Mucoraceae, Chaetomiaceae, Sordariaceae, Sebacinaceae, Tremellaceae, Psathyrellaceae and Schizophyllaceae. The combination of high-throughput rRNA gene-based and metatranscriptomic approaches provided perspectives into the organisms and genes involved in complex organic matter in soil.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
AutoGluon-Tabular: Robust and Accurate AutoML for Structured Data

We introduce AutoGluon-Tabular, an open-source AutoML framework that requires only a single line of Python to train highly accurate machine learning models on an unprocessed tabular dataset such as a CSV file. Unlike existing AutoML frameworks that primarily focus on model/hyperparameter selection, AutoGluon-Tabular succeeds by ensembling multiple models and stacking them in multiple layers. Experiments reveal that our multi-layer combination of many models offers better use of allocated training time than seeking out the best. A second contribution is an extensive evaluation of public and commercial AutoML platforms including TPOT, H2O, AutoWEKA, auto-sklearn, AutoGluon, and Google AutoML Tables. Tests on a suite of 50 classification and regression tasks from Kaggle and the OpenML AutoML Benchmark reveal that AutoGluon is faster, more robust, and much more accurate. We find that AutoGluon often even outperforms the best-in-hindsight combination of all of its competitors. In two popular Kaggle competitions, AutoGluon beat 99% of the participating data scientists after merely 4h of training on the raw data.

Field of study: Computer science
Initial Validation of IBD KNOW-IT: Measuring Patient and Caregiver Knowledge of a Child’s Disease and Treatment Regimen

The present study describes the development and initial validation of a newly developed measure of child and caregiver knowledge of the child’s own IBD and treatment, called IBD KNOW-IT. One hundred and fifty-five children and their caregivers completed the IBD KNOW-IT as well as a scale designed to compare each dyad’s perceived knowledge to their actual knowledge. Initial psychometric evaluation of IBD KNOW-IT was completed by conducting factor analysis and determining internal consistency, convergent validity, and associations with demographic and medical characteristics. Results supported the validity of a 12-item measure with 4 subscales including Symptoms, Medication Regimen, Disease Monitoring, and Medical Team. Support for the internal consistency of IBD KNOW-IT was obtained. Evidence of validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between child and caregiver scales, and high congruence between perceived and actual knowledge across all subscales. The reliability of the measure was demonstrated by good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Preliminary psychometric evaluation suggests that IBD KNOW-IT is reliable and valid.

Field of study: Psychology
Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rats Fed with Heavy Metaled Fish after Exposure to a 47mT Oscillating Magnetic Field

This study investigated the effect of oscillating magnetic field (OSMF) of 47mT on the haematological and biochemical parameters of rats fed with heavy metaled fishes obtained from Alape River and the Atlantic Ocean of Ilaje local government of Ondo state. Thirty rats and two species of fishes, Tilapia and Catfish, were the animals used for this study. The rats were divided into three groups of ten animals each. The first was the control group and were not fed with the fishes neither were they exposed to OSMF, and the other two were the experimental groups. The rats in the second group were fed with a mixture of the powdered form of the Tilapia and Sea catfish for twenty days, there after exposed to oscillating magnetic field for thirty days. The rats in the third group were fed with the powdered form of the fishes but were not exposed to OSMF. The rats in the three groups were sacrificed after the chosen period of exposure and their blood and liver samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical indices respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in hematologic parameters in the groups. However, there was significant increase (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde levels as well as reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver and serum of rats in experimental groups, when compared to the control group, but alanine aminotransferase activities were unaffected. This suggests that there are additive, injurious effects in the combined exposure of the animals to heavy metals and oscillating magnetic field by hampering their ability to detoxify free radicals.

Field of study: Medicine
Species richness is a surrogate for rare plant occurrence, but not conservation value, in boreal plant communities

Rare species are an ecologically important component of biological communities, but may be at risk of decline as a result of human disturbance and other sources of environmental change. Rare species are also ecologically idiosyncratic, making their occurrence difficult to predict a priori, and leading to efforts to find surrogate measures of rare species occurrence to inform conservation decisions. Using floristic data collected at 602 sites in the western Canadian boreal forest, we studied relationships between rare species occurrence, species richness and habitat type, with rarity defined according to the classification system developed by Rabinowitz (in: Synge (ed) The biological aspects of rare plant conservation, Wiley, Somerset, 1981). Relative to similar studies in other temperate regions, we found that a smaller proportion of species were classified as rare in our study region, and that common species dominate the flora. Regional-scale relationships were positive between richness and the occurrence of rare species; however, due to variation in these relationships among habitat types, richness is not a suitable surrogate for a site’s conservation value with respect to species rarity.

Field of study: Environmental science
Intracardiac fibroblasts, but not bone marrow derived cells, are the origin of myofibroblasts in myocardial infarct repair.

Origin of myofibroblasts in infarcted myocardium was examined by using rats in which bone marrow of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice had been transplanted. GFP was not detected in myofibroblasts at either 3 or 7 days after infarction, suggesting that proliferating myofibroblasts in infarcted myocardium are derived from resident fibroblasts rather than circulating precursor cells of bone marrow origin.



Myofibroblasts play important roles in the repair process of myocardial infarct, and their origin has been assumed to be interstitial fibroblasts in the heart. However, bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts have recently been identified in pathological fibrosis in extracardiac tissues. In this study, we aimed to determine whether some of the myofibroblasts in infarcted myocardium are derived from circulating precursor cells of bone marrow origin.



Bone marrow (BM) of GFP-transgenic mice was transplanted into nude rats, and their coronary arteries were occluded for 60 min and reperfused for 3 or 7 days. Non-BM-transplanted rats served as controls. At 3 days after infarction, some endothelial cells were GFP-positive, indicating that they were of bone marrow origin. Predominant cells in infarcted regions were macrophages and neutrophils, and there were only a small number of vimentin-positive cells and fewer myofibroblasts, both of which were GFP-negative. At 7 days after infarction, there were numerous myofibroblasts in granulation tissue replacing necrotic myocytes, and none of them showed GFP signals, whereas some cells were positive for both GFP and vimentin. Appearance of myofibroblasts and extent of the infarct repair in BM-transplanted and those in non-transplanted rats were similar.



The findings in this study suggest that proliferating myofibroblasts in infarcted myocardium are derived from resident fibroblasts rather than circulating precursor cells of bone marrow origin.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Sanitation from Above: Yellow Fever and Foreign Intervention in Peru, 1919–1922

N recent years, the history of Latin American medicine in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has been renewed by an increasing number of works focusing on the interweaving of disease, politics, and society.' These studies are providing an understanding of modern demographic patterns, little-known aspects of the local culture, and the interactions of well-organized international public health campaigns with incipient national public health systems.

Field of study: History
ELASTIC ADJUSTMENT-QR METHOD FOR SYSTEM RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF TALL BUILDING STRUCTURES

Elastic adjustment-QR method for system reliability analysis of tall building structures is presented. First of all, the QR method for the analysis of tall building structures is introduced. Next, elastic adjustment-QR method for plastic limit analysis of tall building structures is presented. This method is based on the theorem of lower limit, elastic compensation and QR method, and it is a new method for plastic limit analysis of structures, overcoming the defects of analyzing tall building structures by plastic hinge-finite element method. At last, a new method for system reliability analysis of tall building structures is presented. The principle is as follows: Find the plastic limit load by the elastic adjustment-QR method; Establish limit state expression in terms of plastic limit load; Find reliability index of structures; Find system reliability by reliability index. This method avoids the difficulties and defects of finding collapse mechanism for tall building structures, and simplifies the computation of failure probability.

Field of study: Engineering
The effect of type and vascular access quality on the outcome of chronic hemodialysis treatment.

The function of vascular access has a key significance in hemodialysis treatment results. An overview of factors contributing to successful arteriovenous fistula (AVF) constructions and the effect of vascular access quality on the outcome of renal replacement therapy were analyzed, including our study observations. On the basis of the data obtained in the study, the creation of autogenous AVF was reported to be possible in 92.9% of the 213 investigated patients. In 81.2% of the patients, vascular access was found to be located on the forearm. Comorbidities, especially congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease, were the main factors that had a negative effect on AVF construction and quality. AVF abnormalities were detected on physical examination in 37% of the patients. Results from the physical examination were found to be consistent with those obtained from Doppler ultrasound, thermodilution, and intra-access pressure measurement. AVF stenosis significantly increased the risk for access thrombosis, catheter insertion, and vascular access-related hospitalization.

Field of study: Medicine
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF GAS-LIQUID-SOLID THREE-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW BASED ON E/E/L MODEL

A closed Eulerian/Eulerian/Lagrangian mathematical model(E/E/L model) for simulating gas-liquid-solid three-phase local flow was established by combining Two Fluid Model(TFM) and District Element Method(DEM).This model was based on the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics. The motion of particles was described in the Lagrangian coordinates, while the gas phase and the liquid phase were dealt with in the Eulerian coordinates.Based on IPSA and PSIC solution techniques, the program of simulating gas-liquid-solid local flow was achieved. The predicted results of local gas holdup and local solid holdup as well as local axial liquid velocity agreed well with the experimental data in gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed,and the applicability and reliability of this model were validated.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Non-linear mathematical model for integrated global positioning/inertial navigation systems

In recent years there has been a major upsurge of interest in the integrated global positioning system (GPS)/inertial navigation system (INS) as a cost-effective way of providing accurate and reliable navigation aid for civil and military vehicles (ships, aircrafts, land vehicles). In this paper an error model is developed which can be used for GPS/INS filter mechanization. It is shown that the model has a linear and a non-linear part. The latter consists of a quadratic function of system states and may be approximated by a noise term thereby allowing the use of the well-known Kalman filter (KF) design technique. The KF algorithm suitable for this application is also developed; and preliminary computer simulation results are given. Filter implementation issues for system operation under varying measurement set (such as for state-6 and state-3 operation, selective availability condition, and variable satellite constellation) are discussed.

Field of study: Mathematics
Superfluid density in a highly underdoped YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6+y} superconductor.

The superfluid density rho_{s}(T) identical with1/lambda;{2}(T) has been measured at 2.64 GHz in highly underdoped YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{6+y}, at 37 dopings with T_{c} between 3 and 17 K. Within limits set by the transition width DeltaT_{c} approximately 0.4 K, rho_{s}(T) shows no evidence of critical fluctuations as T-->T_{c}, with a mean-field-like transition and no indication of vortex unbinding. Instead, we propose that rho_{s} displays the behavior expected for a quantum phase transition in the (3+1)-dimensional XY universality class, with rho_{s0} proportional, variant(p-p_{c}), T_{c} proportional, variant(p-p_{c});{1/2}, and rho_{s}(T) proportional, variant(T_{c}-T);{1} as T-->T_{c}.

Field of study: Physics