nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of the expression of fast-type sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase by thyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the L6 muscle cell line.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the thyroid-hormone (L-tri-iodothyronine, T3)-induced elevation of fast-type sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1) levels in L6 myotubes and the potentiating effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) [Muller, van Hardeveld, Simonides and van Rijn (1991) ]. T3 increased the SERCA1 protein level (per microgram of DNA) by 160%. The concomitant increase in the SERCA1 mRNA level was somewhat higher (240%). IGF-I also increased SERCA1 protein (110%) and mRNA levels (50%), whereas IGF-I + T3 increased SERCA1 protein and mRNA levels by 410% and 380% respectively. These SERCA1 mRNA analyses show that the more-than-additive action of T3 and IGF-I on SERCA1 expression is, at least in part, pre-translational in nature. Further studies showed that the half-life of SERCA1 protein in L6 cells (17.5 h) was not altered by T3. In contrast, IGF-I prolonged the half-life of SERCA1 protein 1.5-1.9-fold, which may contribute to the disproportional increase in SERCA1 protein content compared with mRNA by IGF-I. Measurements of SERCA1 mRNA half-life (as determined by actinomycin D chase) showed no difference from the control values (15.5 h) in the presence of T3 or IGF-I alone. When T3 and IGF-I were both present, the SERCA1 mRNA half-life was prolonged 2-fold. No significant effects of T3 and IGF-I were observed on the half-life of total protein (37.4 h) and total RNA (37.0 h). The absence of an effect of T3 on SERCA1 protein and mRNA stability, when it was present alone, suggested transcriptional regulation, which was confirmed by nuclear run-on experiments, showing a 3-fold increase in transcription frequency of the SERCA1 gene by T3. We conclude that the synergistic stimulating effects of T3 and IGF-I on SERCA1 expression are the result of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. T3 acts primarily at the transcriptional level by increasing the transcription frequency of the SERCA1 gene, whereas IGF-I seems to act predominantly at post-transcriptional levels by enhancing SERCA1 protein and mRNA stability, the latter, however, only in the presence of T3.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Runoff and Erosion Characteristics of Surface-Mined Sites in Western North Dakota

A rainfall simulator was used to measure runoff and erosion from rangeland, spoil and topsoil sites. Measured soil losses were greatest on bare top-soil plots and least on the non-cultivated rangeland site. Application of a straw mulch reduced erosion on topsoil by over 90 percent. However, the measured erosion and runoff values from the mulched topsoil sites were still over 50 percent higher than from the rangeland site.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Isolated Effects of Renal Failure, Anthropometric Indices, and Serum Total Iron-Binding Capacity as Determinants of Muscle Performance in Hemodialysis Patients.

We quantified the isolated impact of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on physical performance under contemporary hemodialysis treatment independent of comorbid diseases, characterized principal anthropometric components, and adjusted for their influence and compared associations of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) with muscle function.



A case-control cross-sectional study.



University medical hospital and outpatient hemodialysis units.



Ninety prevalent hemodialysis patients without important comorbidities and 140 controls.



Handgrip strength (HGS) and 10-repetition sit-to-stand time (STS-10).



Principal component analysis revealed 3 representative anthropometric measures to be included in explanatory models of muscle performance additional to body height: lean body mass, fat mass, and joint size. Controlling for these covariates, age, sex, and residual comorbidity, ESRD was associated with a modest 7.5% reduction in HGS (B = -2.57 kg; 95% confidence interval: -4.81 to -0.39; P = .005; model R(2) 0.74) and a relatively larger prolongation of 27% in STS-10 time (B = 4s; 95% confidence interval: 2.61 to 5.4; P < .001; model R(2) 0.53). Lean body mass and height significantly predicted both tests, fat mass, and wrist size predicted HGS. In the subgroup of dialysis patients, only TIBC showed a significant association with HGS independently from age, sex, wrist size, whereas CRP and albumin did not. STS-10 time was not associated with any of these biomarkers. Results remained stable in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with reported chronic regional motor difficulties and aches.



ESRD with contemporary hemodialysis therapy has a relatively modest negative comorbidity-free association with HGS and a larger effect on STS-10 lower extremity performance. Nonmodifiable anthropometric indices (body height and for HGS wrist size) have a significant independent impact and should be consistently adjusted for in future studies. In low-comorbidity dialysis patients, TIBC is a superior predictor of HGS compared with albumin and CRP.

Field of study: Medicine
A superposition principle for a system of analytic ordinary differential equations

Given a set of analytic differential equations Eta (t) = summation from i to lambda of=1 g sub i (Eta(t) t) with Eta (t sub o) = Eta sub o; it is then shown that if one knows the closed form solution Chi sub i (t) to the set of equations Chi sub i = g sub i (Chi sub i, t) for some of the i, it is possible to write a series expansion for Eta(t) which is a better approximating series than the Taylor series of Eta(t) about t=t sub o.

Field of study: Mathematics
Nonemergent emergency department visits under the National Health Insurance in Taiwan.

To explore the magnitude of nonemergent emergency department visits under the Taiwan National Health Insurance program and to identify significant factors associated with these visits.



A cross-sectional analysis of the 2002 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify nonemergent emergency department conditions according to the New York University algorithm. The data contained 43,384 visits, of which 83.89% could be classified. Multivariate logistic regression identified individual and contextual factors associated with nonemergent emergency department visits.



Nearly 15% of all emergency department visits were nonemergent; an additional 20% were emergent-preventable with primary care. Patients likely to make nonemergent emergency department visits were older, female, categorized as a Taiwan National Health Insurance Category IV beneficiary, and without major illness. Hospital accreditation level, teaching status, and location were associated with an increased likelihood of nonemergent emergency department visits.



Understanding the factors leading to nonemergent emergency department visits can assist in evaluating the overall quality of a health care system and help reduce the use of the emergency department for nonemergent conditions. Policy makers desiring cost-effective care should assess emergency department visit rates in light of available resources for specific populations.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
An approach to minimize aircraft motion bias in multi-hole probe wind measurements made by small unmanned aerial systems

A multi-hole probe mounted on an aircraft provides the air velocity vector relative to the aircraft, requiring knowledge of the aircraft spatial orientation (e.g., Euler angles), translational velocity and angular velocity to translate this information to an Earth-based reference frame and determine the wind vector. As the relative velocity of the aircraft is typically an order of magnitude higher than the wind velocity, the extracted wind velocity is very sensitive to multiple sources of error including misalignment of the probe and aircraft coordinate system axes, sensor error and misalignment in time of the probe and aircraft orientation measurements in addition to aerodynamic distortion of the velocity field by the aircraft. Here, we present an approach which can be applied after a flight to identify and correct biases which may be introduced into the final wind measurement. The approach was validated using a ground reference, different aircraft and the same aircraft at different times. The results indicate a significant reduction in wind velocity variance at frequencies which correspond to aircraft motion.

Field of study: Environmental science
Reversible recovery of excess current in $Y(Ho)-Ba-Cu-O$-normal metal point contacts under high voltages

A polarity-dependent reversible change in the current-voltage characteristics between states corresponding to different values of the excess current ${{I}_{exc}}$ is observed for bias voltages of several hundred millivolts in $Ag-ReB{{a}_{2}}C{{u}_{3}}{{O}_{7-x}}$ $\left( Re\text{ }=\text{ }Y,\text{ }Ho \right)$ point contacts in the current-carrying state. The observed effect has a high intensity (right up to a complete suppression or recovery of ${{I}_{exc}}$) and is not accompanied by a noticeable variation of the energy gap or the critical temperature in the point contact region. It is also established that the states with intermediate values of $I_{exc}$ are stable for zero bias voltages across the point contacts, at least up to $110 \ K$. It is assumed that the variation of ${{I}_{exc}}$ and the corresponding modification of IVC are due to the oxygen migration processes induced by the electric field and current, resulting in a local variation of the superconducting parameters in the point-contact region.

Field of study: Physics
The effects of acute stress on the regulation of central and basolateral amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key mediator of the behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine responses to stress. CRF binds two receptors and a CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP), which may inactivate or modulate the actions of CRF at its receptors. The amygdala is an important anatomical substrate for CRF and contains CRF, its receptors, and CRF-BP. Few studies have examined the effects of acute stress on the regulation of amygdala CRF-BP with other CRF system genes. Therefore, we examined the time course of the effects of acute restraint stress on central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala CRF system genes. Consistent with our previous study, acute stress increased BLA CRF-BP mRNA shortly after stress offset. Surprisingly, BLA CRF-BP mRNA remained elevated up to 21 h after the stressor. This effect was selective in the BLA as stress did not alter CeA CRF-BP mRNA, and there were no changes in CRF or CRF receptor mRNAs in either amygdala nucleus. These results suggest that alterations in BLA CRF-BP gene expression are a primary response of the BLA/CeA CRF system to acute stress. Because CRF-BP can modulate CRF action, changes in amygdala CRF-BP levels after stress exposure may affect the ability of an organism to adapt to future stressors.

Field of study: Biology
"Petit suisse" cheese from kefir : an alternative dessert with microorganisms of probiotic activity Queijo "Petit suisse" de kefir: uma alternativa de sobremesa com microorganismos de ação probiótica

“Petit Suisse” is a creamy cheese. Kefir is a symbiotic mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts with probiotic activity including immunomodulation and balance of intestinal microflora. The present study aims to develop “Petit Suisse” cheese from kefir . Kefir grains were grown in pasteurized cow milk, and after the separation of kefir the serum was discarded and the “Petit Suisse” cheese was prepared using strawberry, mangaba, herbs, and dried tomatoes. The acceptance of the different preparations was evaluated using a nine-point hedonic scale followed by ANOVA. The sweet and salty products were compared by the Student’s t-test. Purchase intent was evaluated by the means test and frequency distribution. All products were well accepted by the judges. The product was characterized by low yield, but it can be prepared at home at low cost. The nutritional composition analyses and the variety of flavors as well as the range of age of the judges are alternatives for further studies.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Temporal constraints for the Late Wisconsinan deglaciation of western Canada using eolian dune luminescence chronologies from Alberta

Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) covered most of Canada during the Last Glacial Maximum. Sometime after 20 cal. ka BP, the LIS began to recede from western Canada and, by 11 cal. ka BP, it had retreated from most of the province of Alberta. Due to the scarcity of datable contemporaneous organic materials, the precise timing of the retreat of the ice sheet from the region remains poorly constrained so that the chronology of the sequential positions of the ice sheet margin between 20 and 11 cal. ka BP is largely tentative. In this study, we use luminescence dating of postglacial eolian deposits, sourced primarily from glaciolacustrine and deltaic sediments in central and northern Alberta, to provide an updated chronology for the retreat of the LIS from the region. We examine 14 new and 13 previously published quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages, as well as 19 previously published K-feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence ages. The chronologies are used to constrain successive regional ice sheet margin positions that are geomorphically recognizable across the region between 16 and 11 ka (calendar years). These data suggest that the LIS may have retreated from central Alberta earlier than portrayed in radiocarbon derived deglaciation models. We propose that the OSL chronology from postglacial dunes constrains the deglaciation of the region more accurately because luminescence dating does not rely on the development of vegetation to produce material for dating. Implications for the revised chronology include an improved timing of the emergence of an ice-free corridor that may have been used for Paleoindian migration into the Americas as well as enhanced age constraints on when meltwater drainage routes to the Arctic became open in relationship to the Younger Dryas. The chronology could also provide improved constraints for geophysical models that reconstruct regional isostatic rebound which followed deglaciation.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Novas Abordagens da Avaliação do Comportamento Tático no Futebol: Análise do Centroid e Índice de Estiramento

A tendencia evolutiva do futebol determina as necessidades de produzir ferramentas inovadoras que aumentam substancialmente a eficiencia da analise de jogo. Considerando os metodos tradicionais notacionais como limitados para a interpretacao dos processos de jogo, a investigacao carece de novos metodos onde prevaleca a analise do processo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho propoem-se a analisar novas metricas quantitativas e automaticas de avaliacao tatica no futebol, nomeadamente o centroid de equipa e o indice de estiramento.Palavras-chave: Analise de Jogo. Futebol. Treino.

Field of study: Education
Ametallographic study of several alloys and of their pre-solder and post-solder joints used in dental prostheses

Prosthesis frameworks are usually the assemblage of successive alloys. One of themcan present amechanical weakness, e.g. due to internal defects, which can cause an untimely rupture. The aim of this study is to perform metallographic investigations on several parent alloys and pre- and postsolders in order to reveal a possible heterogeneity of properties, aswell as to number themetallurgical phenomena thatmay locallyweaken a framework in real situation. Eight parent alloys belonging to three different classes were investment cast. Two pieces of a same parent alloy were soldered together and the assemblage underwent a heat treatment. Internalmetallurgical health and microstructure of both alloy and solder were studied and their microhardness was measured. Internal defects were noticed in several parent alloys and solder joints, inside samples which reproduce real conditions of use. The microstructures of all parent and solder alloys were characterized, as well as the inter-diffusion zone. The pre-soldering leads to an inter-diffusion which is more extended than for post-soldering, due to a higher soldering temperature. The composition and the microstructure of the solder joint are not changed in a main part of its thickness, and its microstructure remains different from the parent alloyÂÂs one.

Field of study: Materials science
Linking offshore stratigraphy to onshore paleotopography: The Late Jurassic-Paleocene evolution of the south Norwegian margin

The temporal link between onshore topography and offshore stratigraphy is of key importance for understanding the long-term development of continental margins. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic landscape topography of southern Norway has long been a matter of debate due to the absence of concrete data reflecting ancient onshore relief. We here present quantitative estimates of paleotopography in southern Norway during three key time intervals (Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous, and Paleocene) based on the observed volume of sediment stored in point-sourced depocenters along the margin. The aim is to determine the syndepositional paleolandscapes that are in best agreement with the observed distribution, geometry, lithology, and volume of different offshore depositional units. Probability ranges of estimated paleorelief are based on Monte Carlo simulations of a relief prediction model. The results suggest that the late Phanerozoic sedimentary successions along the margin best reflect: (1) a Late Jurassic landscape with a maximum relief of ∼1.6 km; (2) a more subdued Late Cretaceous topography of <0.5 km in the south and up to ∼0.5 km in the north; and (3) a Paleocene topography of up to ∼1.1 km in the north and ∼0.5 km in the south. The temporal and spatial variability in offshore deposition and the linked onshore topography strongly suggest that relief must have been rejuvenated several times during the late Phanerozoic in response to tectonic activity along major fault systems. This quantitative assessment not only sheds new light on the topographic evolution of the south Norwegian margin, it also provides a potential tool with which to investigate the topographic evolution of continental margins and the close coupling between onshore relief and offshore stratigraphy in nearby sedimentary basins.

Field of study: Geology
Assessment of PCDD/Fs levels in soil at a contaminated sawmill site in Sweden--a GIS and PCA approach to interpret the contamination pattern and distribution.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) were analysed in soil from a Swedish sawmill site where chlorophenols (CPs) had been used more than 40 years ago. The most contaminated area at the site was the preservation subarea where the PCDD/F WHO2005-TEQ level was 3450 times higher than the current Swedish guideline value of 200 ng TEQ/kg soil for land for industrial use. It was also shown that a fire which destroyed the sawmill might have affected the congener distribution at the concerned areas. To get a broader picture of the contamination both GIS (spatial interpolation analysis) and multivariate data analysis (PCA) were applied to visualize and compare PCDD/F levels as well as congener distributions at different areas at the site. It is shown that GIS and PCA are powerful tools in decisions on future investigations, risk assessments and remediation of contaminated sites.

Field of study: Environmental science
XANES study of interatomic interactions in (CoFeZr)x (SiO2)1–x nanocomposites

Analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure of (Co45Fe45Zr10)x(SiO2)1–x nanocomposites has shown the presence of interaction between atoms of the metallic and dielectric components in the nanocomposite. In this process, d-metal ions (Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+) play the most active role. They interact with oxygen ions of the dielectric component and form not only Fe2O3 × CoO nanoferrites but also silicates of d metals.

Field of study: Physics
Practical Superconductors for High Energy Physics (HEP) Magnets

The magnet designer has a large choice of materials and conductor configurations to choose from. His choice is based on electrical and magnetic performance, mechanical properties, ease in winding, reliability and cost. This paper attempts to review and clarify standard NbTi and multifilament bronze Nb3Sn configurations of interest to HEP magnet designers. Emerging variations of these basic materials, such as NbTiTa and in-situ Nb3Sn are described and compared on a cost basis with each other. New techniques for manufacturing large quantities of high amperage conductors are described.

Field of study: Physics
Generation of solutions of linear differential equations

In  Moseley derived some nonseparable solutions of the Helmholtz equation, and in  he demonstrated how these solutions could be generated by applying a certain differential operator to a separable solution. In the present paper we point out that Moseley's method applies in greater generality to any linear partial differential equation, and, indeed, to any linear operator equation. Suppose L is a linear operator and that w is any solution to the equation

Field of study: Mathematics
Factors influencing human visitation of southern California rocky intertidal ecosystems

In highly urbanized regions, rocky intertidal habitats attract a large number of visitors for recreation, education, and subsistence harvesting. The collecting, trampling, and handling activities of visitors can have detrimental impacts on intertidal flora and fauna, including reduced abundances and biodiversity and alteration of community structure and function. Despite the large human population in southern California, USA, the level of visitor use at accessible rocky intertidal locations can vary greatly. The goal of this study was to investigate a suite of factors that may influence the number of visitors a site receives. Thirty-two rocky intertidal sites interspersed along ∼175 km of shoreline between Los Angeles and San Diego County in southern California were established and the relative visitor use intensity determined during four aerial surveys conducted during low tide periods. Site-specific characteristic, including cost and availability of parking, physical exertion in reaching a site, popularity of site for educational field trips, density of local human population, and the presence of local attractions, were examined and related to relative use intensity. Popularity of a site for educational field trips was the most significant driver, followed by physical exertion and presence of non-tidepooling attractions. Results from this study may be used as a potential management tool to reduce use and protect anthropogenically-disturbed rocky shores by, for example, regulating educational field trips and manipulating attributes that could alter the degree of physical exertion needed to reach a site.

Field of study: Environmental science