nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies for different proximity potentials applied to sub-barrier fusion reactions

Coulomb barrier heights calculated by using 14 different versions of proximity potentials are studied and applied for experimental data of fusion in terms of a recently proposed energy scaling approach. The results show that the descriptions of proximity potentials 77 and 88 for the barrier heights seem to be closest to the values required by the systematics. On the basis of proximity potential 77, the parameterized formulas of the barrier height and radius are obtained. These formulas can calculate the barrier positions and barrier heights reasonably well within the error, respectively. Thus it provides a simple and direct way to calculate the barrier positions and barrier heights for heavy-ion fusion reactions.

Field of study: Physics
Awareness and Use of Community Services among Primary Care Physicians.

Primary care physicians play an important role in care coordination, including initiating referrals to community resources. Yet, it is unclear how awareness and use of community resources vary between physicians practising with and without an extended healthcare team. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians practising in Toronto, Canada, to compare awareness and use of community services between physicians practising in team- and non-team-based practice models. Team-based models included Community Health Centres and Family Health Teams - settings in which the government provides funding for the practice to hire non-physician health professionals, such as social workers, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, registered nurses and others. The survey was mailed to physicians, and reminders were done by phone, fax and e-mail. We used logistic regression to compare awareness between physicians in team-based (N = 89) and non-team-based (N = 138) models after controlling for confounders. We found that fewer than half of the physicians were aware of five of eight centralized intake services (e.g., ConnexOntario, Telehomecare). For most services, team-based physicians had at least twice the odds of being aware of the service compared to non-team-based physicians. Our findings suggest that patients in team-based practices may be doubly advantaged, with access to non-physician health professionals within the practice as well as to physicians who are more aware of community resources.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
On a reaction-diffusion system modeling the dengue transmission with nonlocal infections and crowding effects

In this paper, we intend to understand the influences of the spatial heterogeneity, crowding effect and non-local infection caused by the movements of the latent mosquitoes on the dynamics of dengue transmission. For this purpose, we modify the homogeneous system provided in Esteva and Vargas (1998) to obtain a nonlocal and time-delayed reaction-diffusion system with the Neumann condition on the boundary. Then the basic reproduction number R 0 is defined for the model system, and it can be obtained explicitly when all model parameters are constants. Finally, we show that the global threshold dynamics of the model system can be determined by R 0 .

Field of study: Mathematics
Reconstructive phase transitions and physical properties of mixed LiK0.9Na0.1SO4 crystals

LiK0.9Na0.1SO4 mixed crystals were grown using the slow evaporation method, and their properties were compared with those of pure LiKSO4 crystals. The physical properties and phase transition temperatures of the LiK0.9Na0.1SO4 mixed crystals were obtained by performing 7Li, 39K, and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the changes in the splitting of the NMR lines and the dependence of the relaxation time on temperature, the molecular motions for each ion in pure LiKSO4 and mixed LiK0.9Na0.1SO4 crystals were different by partial replacing of K ions with Na ions. And, the partial substitution of Na for K changes the phase behavior, and disappears the ferroelastic properties.

Field of study: Materials science
Field Oxide n-channel MOS Dosimeters Fabricated in CMOS Processes

This paper presents a new technique to build MOS dosimeters using unmodified standard CMOS processes. The devices are n-channel MOS transistors built with the regular Field Oxide as a thick radiation-sensitive gate. The devices were fabricated in two different commercial 0.6 μm CMOS processes, gate oxide thicknesses of ~600 nm and ~400 nm. Responsivities up to 4.4 mV/rad with positive bias, and 1.7 mV/rad with zero gate bias were obtained in the thicker oxides. The effect of charge trapped in the oxide and interface states on the shift in the threshold voltage are analyzed.

Field of study: Physics
Inter-Organizational Strategic Cooperation: An Analysis of Pakistani Commercial Banking Sector

Intense competition of this post computer era has made many organizations to come together and to collaborate in different fields where they have a competitive edge. Banks are also not left behind in this area and like other business ventures, are exploring new ways of having strategic alliances with other businesses. Keeping this growing strategic partnership trend in view, a study was designed to focus upon the nature of various business strategic ties of banks operating in Pakistan with the other active corporate business units of the region. Data were collected from the representative branches of the following four main categories of banks; nationalized / government owned banks,  private banks, foreign banks and Islamic banks, located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan.  Branch Managers of the said branches were interviewed through an interview guide developed for the present study that included open ended questions regarding the main research problem. The researcher was given access to secondary data too like promotion material published by the banks highlighting their inter-organizational business collaborations. Data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The findings of the study indicate that out of the four categories of banks, foreign banks were found to have maximum strategic collaborations and specially in consumer products. They opted for such inter-organizational cooperation to capture a bigger market share. Private banks had such partnerships in fewer products. The data revealed that very low or no collaborations were found in case of nationalized and Islamic banks.

Field of study: Business
Investigation of Proliferative Activity in the Developing Human Tooth Using Ki-67 Immunostaining

The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation of the developing human tooth germ and its surrounding tissues using Ki-67 immunostaining.  Sections of mandibular dental arch tissues collected from 4 cadaveric human fetuses of 13, 16, 21 and 30 weeks of gestation were used. The immunoreactivity of Ki-67 in the tissue sections was assessed visually under a light microscope. Immunohistochemical controls were performed by replacing the primary antibody with phosphate-buffered saline or normal rabbit lgG.  The control sections did not display Ki-67 immunoactivity. Specimens of 13 weeks of gestation revealed intense Ki-67 immunostaining throughout the entire developing mandibular primary molars. At 16 weeks of gestation, immunostaining was observed in the inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla, in conjunction with the dental lamina showing decreased immunostaining. At 21 weeks, Ki-67 immunostaining was observed only in the inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla. The immunoreactivity of active ameloblasts and odontoblasts decreased, along with the proliferation capacity of the dental lamina. At 30 weeks, both enamel and dentin formation was observed along the cusped aspect of the tooth germ. Ameloblasts and odontoblasts were no longer immunoreactive in this region, while both types of cells were immunoreactive at the cervical regions of the crown. Dental lamina cells showed disintegration and were totally Ki-67-negative at 30 weeks of gestation.  The Ki-67 immunoreactivity of the dental lamina decreased during intrauterine tooth development. Positive immunostaining was observed at specific sites in the enamel organ and dental papilla during the cap and bell stages.

Field of study: Medicine
Regulation of Myosin Light Chain Function by BMP Signaling Controls Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling

Actin cytoskeleton dynamics support and coordinate signaling events that control cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Growth factors provide essential signals that act on multi-protein complexes that regulate actin assembly with myosin. We previously analyzed the action of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and now extend our studies to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7, an important regulator of stem cell function and bone differentiation.  Using a well-established cell model of actin dynamics, Swiss3T3 fibroblasts, we applied cell biological and biochemical approaches to monitor the pathway that links the BMP-7 receptors to the acto-myosin complex.  We demonstrate that BMP-7 induces actin and focal adhesion remodeling in starved fibroblasts as potently as TGF-β. BMP-7 mediates changes of actin dynamics via the kinase ROCK1 and induces rapid activation of RhoA and RhoB with concomitant inactivation of Cdc42. These molecular events correlate well with induction of phosphorylation on Ser19 of the myosin light chain, but not with LIMK1 kinase activation. Depletion of endogenous myosin light chain inhibits actin remodeling induced by BMP-7. This novel pathway regulates fibroblast migration without affecting cell proliferation.  We establish a BMP-Rho-ROCK1 pathway, which targets myosin light chain to control actin remodeling in fibroblasts.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Fiber Michelson interferometer with loss compensation

A fiber amplifier containing a waveguide activated with Er3+ ions was used for the first time to reduce the losses and thus improve the resolving power of a fiber Michelson interferometer. An interferometer with a path difference between the arms amounting to 5 km was constructed and the losses in this interferometer were fully compensated by the use of such an amplifier.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Fostering Scarcity Resource and Embedding Value Chain to Realize the Transformation of Subcontracting Mode

Under the Effect of specific open strategy,the steady relationship of international subcontracting between China's enterprises and MNCS came into being.The growing mode of this kind has impelled economy prosperous,brought about some problems,either.But the existing document care more about the change of industry organization tache in the developed countries than subcontract behavior in the developing countries,which made it necessary for us to research on the corresponding strategies,to push China's international subcontracting mode transform.This paper tries to bring forward the different tracks to realize international subcontracting mode by means of fostering scarcity resource and deepening global embedding value chain.

Field of study: Economics
Study on Control of Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker

The study on control of kiwifruit bacterial canker indicated that the curing effect by cutting some lines on the bark of infections trunks and branches and smearing DTMz on these lines in later winter and early spring and scraping the spot completely in summer reached 80%～90%.The result also showed that the DTMz was a good bacteriocide to control this kind of disease.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the human calcium-binding protein MRP14 (S100A9).

MRP14 is a protein that is specifically expressed in myeloid and epithelial cells during the stages of acute or chronic inflammatory states such as rheumatoid arthritis or sarcoidosis. MRP14 has EF-hand motifs as Ca(2+)-binding sites and belongs to the S100 family of proteins. This paper deals with the sample preparation (cloning, overexpression and purification), crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of recombinant human MRP14. Crystals of MRP14 were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. MRP14 crystals belong to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 57.59, b = 178.44, c = 61.23 A, beta = 113.17 degrees, and diffract to 2.1 A resolution.

Field of study: Chemistry
[The use of L-lysine aescinat in the treatment of microcirculatory disturbances in patients young and middle age with violation of the intracranial venous outflow].

To study the efficacy of L-lysine aescinat in the treatment of vascular and microvascular disorders in patients with cerebral venous dystonia.



Sixty-eight patients, 25 male and 43 female, aged from 25 to 56 years, with disturbances of venous cerebral blood circulation and venous outflow difficulties were examined. The examination included the assessment of cerebral hemodynamics using the algorithm of complex ultrasound examinations and functional status of the microcirculation by the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at baseline and 10 days after treatment with L-lysine aescinat.



L-lysine aescinat improves intracranial venous outflow, significantly improves the functioning of microcirculation, while not affecting the normal type of microcirculation or changing it in the direction of improvement of hemodynamic parameters, has a modulating effect on the autonomic response, and can be recommended in the complex treatment of young and middle aged patients with disturbances of cerebral venous blood circulation with the predominance of vagotonia as well as hypersympathicotonia.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The transition from a passive margin to an Upper Cretaceous foreland basin related to ophiolite emplacement in the Oman Mountains

The Upper Cretaceous Muti Formation in the Oman Mountains exemplifies the transition from a passive continental margin to a foreland basin related to thrusting and ophiolite emplacement. Field data largely substantiate theoretical models that depict a flexural forebulge moving continentward of an advancing thrust-load, followed by flexural downwarping and collapse as nappes override a continental margin. Five units of the Upper Cretaceous (? late Cenomanian–late Campanian) Muti Formation depositionally, or structurally, overlie Mesozoic passive-margin paleoenvironments ranging from abyssal plain to continental rise, slope, and carbonate platform. The Arabian continental margin and Tethys ocean rifted in Permian and Triassic time, giving rise to a mature passive margin in the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. At the end of Lower Cretaceous time, northeastward subduction apparently began, and the Semail ophiolite formed, probably in a marginal basin setting. As subduction continued, the trench migrated toward the Arabian continent preceded by a flexural fore-bulge that soon reached the adjacent Arabian continent (Cenomanian-Turonian; ca. 90−88.5 Ma), halting deposition regionally (“Wasia-Aruma break”). Flexural uplift was greatest near the shelf edge, with removal of as much as 600 m of the platform edge succession, and redeposition onto the base of slope as slump sheets, debris flows, and lithoclastic turbidites. As the advancing thrust-load impinged on the edge of the Tethys ocean, the crust was downflexed (late Coniacian–Campanian time; 88.5−73 Ma), creating a foredeep that partly filled with terrigenous clastics, olistostromes, detached blocks of rift-related carbonate build-ups, seamount volcanics and continental basement rocks. The basin depocenter migrated inboard with time, collapsing, in turn, Mesozoic abyssal plain, base of slope, and slope settings to establish a foreland basin on the foundered shelf. Terrigenous sediments accumulated in deep water below the carbonate compensation depth (CCD), together with lithoclastic limestones and detached blocks shed from submarine fault scarps. Successive foreland basins were overridden by the advancing nappes. During the later stages of thrusting onto the continent, Mesozoic sediment decollement nappes were bulldozed ahead of the Semail nappe, ploughing into the existing foreland basin. In conjunction with the final emplacement of the Semail ophiolite, the foreland basin migrated to its most continentward location and filled with clastics derived by subaerial erosion of the Semail nappe and other units. The nappes were submerged again in late Maastrichtian time, possibly in response to flexural relaxation, followed by re-establishment of a carbonate platform. Further compression and thrusting in the Paleocene-Eocene gave rise to a successor foreland basin adjacent to the northern Oman Mountains front.

Field of study: Geology
Levels and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Zebra mussels (D. polymorpha) from Lake Maggiore (Italy).

Several congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were monitored in 14 different sampling stations of Lake Maggiore, the second largest Italian lake in regard to surface, volume and average depth, using the sentinel-organism Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Results revealed a moderate contamination with summation operatorPBDE levels (BDE-17, -28, -47, -66, -71, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183, -190 and -209) ranging from 40 to 447ngg(-1) lipid weight which are similar to those found in environments polluted by deposition or atmospheric transport. The general order of decreasing congener contribution to the total load was BDE-47>-99>-100>-209, which closely reflected patterns observed in mussels collected in freshwater ecosystems worldwide.

Field of study: Environmental science
Optical spin-orbit torque in Rashba ferromagnets

We study the optically induced torques on thin film ferromagnetic layers under excitation by circularly polarized light. We include Rashba spin-orbit coupling and assume an out-of-plane magnetization, and consider incident light with an in-plane component of angular momentum (e.g. light with an oblique angle of incidence). Solving the semiconductor Bloch equations, we find simple expressions for the torque per optical absorption rate in the limits of weak and strong spin-orbit coupling. For weak spin-orbit coupling, the torque is bounded by the optical angular momentum injection rate. For strong spin-orbit coupling, the torque can exceed the angular momentum injection rate by a factor $\Delta\tau/\hbar$, where $\Delta$ is the magnetic exchange splitting and $\tau$ is the carrier scattering time.

Field of study: Physics
NbTi0.5Ni0.5O4 as anode compound material for SOFCs

NbTi 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 (NTNO) has been prepared using solid state synthesis and investigated as a potential anode material. The oxide form of NTNO has single phase rutile-type structure with tetragonal (P42/mnm) space group. The reduced form is a composite of nano-scaled particles of metallic Ni and Nb 1.33 Ti 0.67 O 4 phase. Reduced NTNO showed high electronic conductivity up to 280 S.cm − 1 at 900 °C in reducing atmosphere, but suffers from low CTE equal to 3.78 10 − 6  K − 1 . Studies of NTNO as anode material were carried out in a three electrode – electrochemical half cell configuration under pure humidified H 2 at 900 °C using a 2 mm thick zirconia electrolyte and without any additional current collector material. The results show a reasonable series resistance (R s ) equal to 2.7 Ωcm 2 (about 50% higher than for metallic gold layers) indicating a good current collection performance for a 10 μm layer of material. The polarization resistance (R p ) was equal to 33 Ωcm 2 and is attributed to a poor density of three phase boundaries (TPB) and shortage of oxide ion conduction in the anode layer. The results show the potential of NTNO as an anode material, especially after optimization of the microstructure towards the increase of TPB length.

Field of study: Materials science
Oligodeoxyguanylates: A case of self-assembly leading to lyotropic liquid crystals

The guanosine derivatives d(Gp) 1-5G, dissolved in water, give rise to choles- teric and hexagonal mesophases. The results of X-ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, Circular Dichroism and Small Angle Neutron Scattering measurements indicate that the building block of the liquid-crystalline phases is a chiral rod, composed of a stacked array of Hoogsteen-bonded guanosine tetramers. The concentration at which the cholesteric phase appears increases with the oligomerisation degree, a pattern that seems to be related to the change of the ratio of negative charge/guanine units along the series.

Field of study: Chemistry
Cytolysis of neuraminidase-treated autochthonous lymphoid cells by autologous serum.

Rabbit lymph node cells treated with bacterial neuraminidase become susceptible to cytolysis by autologous antibody and complement. Cytolysis of cells can be prevented by absorbing out the antibodies, probably IgM antibodies, from the autologous serum using neuraminidase-treated autochthonous lymph node cells. The significance of this mechanism is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Influence of refractive-index mismatch in high-resolution three-dimensional confocal microscopy.

The effects of the refractive-index mismatch in confocal laser scanning microscopy were extensively studied. The axial aberration induced in the case of fluorescent microspheres was measured. The data were used to take into account the mismatch-induced aberrations and to consider object-size influence. Then we focused on the effect of refractive-index mismatch on the effective system's point-spread function under different mismatch conditions and on depth of focusing. We experimentally verified that the peak of the point-spread function intensity profile decreases and the point-spread function itself progressively broadens as a function of the combined effect of the refractive-index mismatch and of the penetration depth, leading to a worsening of the system's overall performances. We also performed these same measurements by embedding subresolution beads in an oocyte's cytoplasm, which can be considered a turbid medium. We found evidence consistent with the previously developed theoretical model; in particular we found a strong dependence of the intensity peak on the focusing depth.

Field of study: Physics
Development and Validation of Workshop Based Process Skill Test in Metal Grinding for Assessing Students in Technical Colleges for work

The study focused on the development and validation of Workshop-Based Process Skill Tests (WBPST) for assessing students in metal grinding trade in technical colleges.  The study adopted the instrumentation design and was carried out in Nasarawa State.  The population for the study was 25 NTC III students comprising of 3 ability groups (8 high, 12 average and 5 low abilities).  A 74 draft copy of workshop-based process skill items were generated, validated and utilized to develop WBPST. The developed test was used in assessing the students in governmental technical college Assakio. The data collected were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha, Kendall coefficient of concordance and Scheffe test. The  reliability of the WBPST revealed coefficient of of 0.76. It was found out that there were differences in the mean scores of 3 ability groups (high, average and low). The inter-rater reliability coefficient of the WBPST was 0.57. It was therefore recommended that examination bodies (NABTEB and WAEC) should integrate the workshop –based process skill test items in their examination process for certification of NTC students.  Development, Validation,  Process assessment,  Students,  Metal grinding,  Technical college.

Field of study: Education