nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties and Structure of In Situ Transformed PAN-Based Carbon Fibers

Carbon fibers in situ prepared during the hot-pressed sintering in a vacuum is termed in situ transformed polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN-based) carbon fibers, and the fibrous precursors are the pre-oxidized PAN fibers. The properties and structure of in situ transformed PAN-based carbon fibers are investigated by Nano indenter, SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman. The results showed that the microstructure of the fiber surface layer was compact, while the core was loose, with evenly-appearing microvoids. The elastic modulus and nanohardness of the fiber surface layer (303.87 GPa and 14.82 GPa) were much higher than that of the core (16.57 GPa and 1.54 GPa), and its interlayer spacing d002 and crystallinity were about 0.347 nm and 0.97 respectively. It was found that the preferred orientation of the surface carbon layers with ordered carbon atomic arrangement tended to be parallel to the fiber axis, whereas the fiber core in the amorphous region exhibited a random texture and the carbon atomic arrangement was in a disordered state. It indicates that the in situ transformed PAN-based carbon fibers possess significantly turbostratic structure and anisotropy.

Field of study: Materials science
Glomerular Filtration Rate as a Prognostic Factor for Long-Term Mortality after Acute Pulmonary Embolism

In-hospital mortality for patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported to be up to 7 times higher for patients with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, few studies have assessed its effect on long-term mortality.  To determine the impact of eGFR and creatinine clearance (CrCl) on long-term all-cause mortality following acute PE in association with other routine laboratory analyses and comorbidities.  The prospective study enrolled 141 consecutive patients presenting with objectively confirmed acute PE. Demographic, clinical data, comorbidities, and laboratory values were recorded. CrCl and GFR were estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD, and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-EPI equations. Patients were followed up at 90 days and 1 year after the event.  In univariate analyses, age, active cancer, PE severity index (PESI), CrCl and eGFR, D-dimer value, and high-density lipoprotein level were found to be significantly associated with mortality in 90 days and 1 year. Additionally, body mass index was significant in the 1-year follow-up. CrCl by Cockcroft-Gault (90-day: area under the curve [AUC] 0.763; 1-year: AUC 0.718) demonstrated higher discriminatory power for predicting mortality than eGFR by the MDRD (AUC 0.686; AUC 0.609) and CKD-EPI (AUC 0.697; AUC 0.630) equations. In multivariate analyses, active cancer, CrCl by Cockcroft-Gault (90-day: hazard ratio [HR] 0.948, 95% CI 0.919–0.979; 1-year: HR 0.967, 95% CI 0.943–0.991), eGFR by CKD-EPI (90-day: HR 0.948, 95% CI 0.915–0.983; 1-year: HR 0.971, 95% CI 0.945–0.998) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. eGFR by MDRD, D-dimer, and PESI value were significant prognostic factors for 90-day mortality.  Decreased renal function is a prognostic factor for increased all-cause mortality 90 days and 1 year after acute PE.

Field of study: Medicine
Magnetic field modulation-a method for measuring the Hall conductance with a Corbino disc

For the first time a method is given to determine the Hall conductivity on a Corbino disc with an electrical transport experiment. Use has been made of a time-modulated magnetic field to induce currents in the disc. First measurements were carried out on GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions in the quantised Hall regime. Instead of the expected plateaus, oscillations as a function of the magnetic field were found. It is shown that an inhomogeneous electron gas density can account for the observations.

Field of study: Materials science
Calculating the adsorption of components of binary metal systems upon the formation of stable АnBm-type compounds by components of the system

Procedures for analytically describing surface tension isotherms and calculating the adsorption of the components of a binary melt with stable compounds in the system were proposed. The considerable effect the emergence of complexes related to the formation of compounds of the system’s components has on the courses of the surface tension and adsorption isotherms is shown.

Field of study: Physics
Green chemistry in India

Our environment, which is endowed by nature, needs to be protected from ever-increasing chemical pollution. The challenge for the institution and industries is to come together and pursue development in the field of greener chemistry by reducing or eliminating the use and generation of hazardous substances. We have organized a national and international symposium for promoting green chemistry in India, which has provided the platform for interaction of concepts among the leading scientists. The main idea behind this to activate work toward green chemistry for which involvement of academic, industrial, and governmental and non-governmental bodies is needed collectively, which will help the designing and development of environment-friendly chemistry practices in India.

Field of study: Chemistry
Naltrexone modification of drinking effects in a subacute treatment and bar-lab paradigm: influence of OPRM1 and dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) genes.

Naltrexone is moderately effective for the treatment of alcohol dependence, but there is great individual variability. The opioid receptor (OPRM1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) asn40asp has been shown to alter alcohol and naltrexone response in animals and humans. In addition, the brain opioid and dopamine systems interact and might underlie drinking and craving. This study investigated the effects of the OPRM1 SNP and dopamine transporter (DAT) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genetic differences on drinking, alcohol effects, and naltrexone response under controlled conditions in nontreatment-seeking alcoholics.



Two hundred and sixty-five nontreatment-seeking individuals with alcohol dependence were genotyped a priori for the OPRM1 asn40asp SNP and post hoc for DAT (SLC6A3) 9 and 10 VNTRs. Asp40 carriers (n = 43) and matched asn40 homozygotes (n = 40) were randomized to naltrexone or placebo for 7 days before receiving a priming drink and limited-access alcohol consumption in a bar-lab setting. Effects of genotypes on natural drinking as well as drinking, alcohol effects, and response to naltrexone in the bar-lab setting were examined by genotype.



There were no significant main effects of naltrexone or OPRM1 genotype, or any medication by OPRM1 interaction, on drinking variables. However, in individuals who had at least one DAT 9 VNTR, and who were also OPRM1 asn40 homozygotes, naltrexone reduced drinks/d consumed under natural conditions (p = 0.006), but not in the bar-lab. OPRM1 asn40 homozygotes (p = 0.028) and DAT 9 VNTR carriers (p = 0.032) had more stimulation to alcohol after the priming drink.



This study does not support a salient role for the OPRM1 asp40 alone in predicting drinking or naltrexone effects. However, although exploratory and in need of replication, it introduces the possibility that epistasis between the OPRM1 gene and DAT gene might need to be taken into account when examining differential genetic response to alcohol or medication treatment, especially in early-stage alcoholics.

Field of study: Medicine
Changes in a multiple-response repertoire during response-contingent punishment and response restriction: Sequential relationships.

A multiple-response baseline of four activities was established using gerbils as subjects. When one of the baseline responses was punished (Experiment 1) or restricted (Experiments 2 and 3), only the most probable of the alternative baseline responses increased. The response most likely to follow the punished or restricted responses during baseline sessions was also suppressed during subsequent punishment or response-restriction treatment.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Capacity matching in heat-pump membrane liquid desiccant air conditioning systems

Two improvements for liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) systems are recently gaining much attention. First, one heat pump is used to simultaneously cover the solution heating and cooling loads, instead of using separate cooling and heating equipment. Second, liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEEs) are being investigated for use as the dehumidifier and regenerator to eliminate the carryover of desiccant droplets by the air streams. These two improvements are combined in the current work in a heat-pump membrane LDAC (H-M-LDAC) system. The focus of this paper is on matching the capacities of the heat pump evaporator and condenser to meet the solution cooling and heating needs. A comprehensive review is presented and a novel capacity matching index (CMI) is proposed. A parametric study and sensitivity analysis are performed to quantify the influences of six key design and operating parameters on the CMI and coefficient of performance (COP) of the H-M-LDAC system.

Field of study: Engineering
Determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron in mushrooms by kinetic method and high-performance liquid chromatographic method

In the present study, a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflubenzoil)urea] is proposed. The method is based on the inhibited effect of diflubenzuron on the oxidation of sulphanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer in presence Cu(II) ion. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.31 to 3.1 μg mL−1 and from 3.1 to 31.0 μg mL−1. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.18 μg mL−1corresponding to 0.036 mg Kg−1mushroom sample based on the 3Sb criterion. The RSD is 5.03–1.83 % and 2.81–0.71 % for the concentration interval of diflubenzuron 0.31–3.1 μg mL−1and 3.1–31.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at 370 nm. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported, and the rate equations are suggested. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the rapid determination of diflubenzuron in spiked mushroom samples of different mushroom species. The HPLC method was used like a comparative method to verify results.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A Fuzzy Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimized TS Fuzzy Logic Congestion Controller for Wireless Local Area Networks

A Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Congestion Detection (TSFLCD) mechanism is proposed for IEEE 802.11 wireless Local Area Networks. A Fuzzy Preference based Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (FPMOPSO) mechanism, for tuning the input membership functions and the output scalars, is also proposed. An online adaptation mechanism that fine tunes the output scalars based on system dynamics is implemented. Compared to the Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED) and the Mamdani inference based Fuzzy Logic Congestion Detection (FLCD) mechanisms, simulation resulsts show that the TSFLCD mechanism leads to more than 40% reduction in packet loss rate. It also leads to more than 25% and up to 14% reductions in jitter and delay respectively for real time traffic. This work lays a foundation for the development of simple multiobjective fuzzy congestion controllers in wireless LANs.

Field of study: Computer science
The Durability of Concrete Modified by Waste Limestone Powder in the Chemically Aggressive Environment

The idea of sustainable development assumes that natural resources must be treated as limited goods and that waste must be managed rationally. This idea and the constant striving to reduce production costs make the use of waste materials as substitutes for traditionally used raw materials from non-renewable sources increasingly popular. In cement concrete technology, there are many possibilities to use waste as components of mortars and concretes. The subject of this paper is a fine-grained material, obtained as a by-product during the preparation of aggregate for mineral-asphalt mixtures. The aim of the research was to test the suitability of the selected type of powder, namely limestone powder, as a component of cement composites. The paper presents an evaluation of the potential of using the limestone powder as a substitute for the fine aggregate, focusing on the impact of such a modification on aspects of durability. The sulfate degradation and chloride ion diffusion in concrete were investigated. The overall desirability function has been determined. It was demonstrated that the satisfactory value of the general desirability can be attributed to most of the investigated concretes. Positive test results support the potential of replacing part of natural fine aggregate with the tested waste limestone dust without a negative impact on the durability of concrete.

Field of study: Materials science
Why are we not getting any closer to preventing suicide

In humanistic domains such as ethics, philosophy and anthropology the debate on the legitimacy of preventing suicide seems to have proceeded in parallel with the history of human development (Minois, 1999). Even in the medical world, where suicide has been acknowledged as a primary public health problem within the past century, and where the World Health Organization declared the fight against suicide as a priority for the first time in the year 2000, there is disagreement about the effectiveness of preventive efforts (Wilkinson, 1994). There are many reasons for such scepticism, all of them more or less centred on the extreme complexity of the suicide phenomenon and its relative rarity. A recent World Health Report (World Health Organization, 2001) calculated the number of recorded suicide deaths to be 815 000 worldwide (0.0135% of the global population), a burden slightly lower than the estimate of 1 million published in an earlier technical report dedicated to suicide (World Health Organization, 1999).

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Pristinamycin-inducible gene regulation in mycobacteria.

In this work the Pip-inducible system, already used in eukaryotes, was tested in mycobacteria. This system is based on the Streptomyces coelicolor Pip repressor, the Streptomyces pristinaespiralis ptr promoter and the inducer pristinamycin I. By cloning in an integrative plasmid the ptr promoter upstream of the lacZ reporter gene and the pip gene under the control of a constitutive mycobacterial promoter, we demonstrated that the ptr promoter activity increased up to 50-fold in Mycobacterium smegmatis and up to 400-fold in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in dependence on pristinamycin I concentration, and that the promoter was fully repressed in the absence of the inducer. Three mycobacterial genes were cloned under pptr-Pip control, both in sense and antisense direction; both proteins and antisense RNAs could be over-expressed, the antisenses causing a partial reduction of the amount of the targeted proteins. This system was used to obtain two M. tuberculosis conditional mutants in the fadD32 and pknB genes: the mutant strains grew only in the presence of the inducer pristinamycin I. Thus it showed to be an effective inducible system in mycobacteria.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Money-Manager Capitalism and the End of Shared Prosperity

Hyman Minsky often stated that there are "as many varieties of capitalism as Heinz has pickles." The capitalism in place in America at the end of World War II produced nearly a quarter-century of economic growth, relative stability, and shared prosperity. Today's capitalism, however-what Minsky called "money-manager" capitalism-is different in both character and outcomes. This article traces the development of Minsky's ideas on postwar structural change, outlines his conception of the current era, and discusses the connection between the rise of the present period and the end of shared prosperity.

Field of study: Economics
Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 5‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyloxymethyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine, a Modified Nucleoside in the DNA of Trypanosoma Brucei

The synthesis of the recently discovered modified DNA base 5-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (β-dJ, 1) is described. TMSOTf mediated β-glucosylation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (5-HMdU) derivative 10 (obtained in 20% from 2′-deoxyuridine) with trichloroacetimidate 12 gave dimer 13 in 47% yield. On the other hand, condensation of 12with N3-POM-protected derivative 20, readily available from thymidine in 48%, afforded the fully protected nucleoside 22 in 96% yield. The latter compound was converted into phosphoramidite 3 which was applied in the automated solid phase synthesis of several biological interesting β-dJ containing DNA fragments.

Field of study: Chemistry
Polyelectrolyte and silver nanoparticle modification of microfiltration membranes to mitigate organic and bacterial fouling.

Membrane fouling remains one of the most problematic issues surrounding membrane use in water and wastewater treatment applications. Organic and biological fouling contribute to irreversible fouling and flux decline in these processes. The aim of this study was to reduce both organic and biological fouling by modifying the surface of commercially available poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes using the polyelectrolyte multilayer modification method with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), and silver nanoparticles (nanoAg) integrated onto the surface as stable, thin (15 nm) films. PSS increases the hydrophilicity of the membrane and increases the negative surface charge, while integration of nanoAg into the top PSS layer imparts biocidal characteristics to the modified surface. Fouling was simulated by filtering aqueous solutions of humic acid (5 and 20 mg L(-1)), a suspension of Escherichia coli (10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) mL(-1)), and a mixture of both foulants through unmodified and modified PES membranes under batch conditions. Filtration and cleaning studies confirmed that the modification significantly reduced organic and biological fouling.

Field of study: Environmental science
Application features of the frozen eggs

The eggs possess good functionalities in processing of egg sponge cake, angel cake and mayonnaise products. This paper studied the application superiority of the frozen eggs, contrast to the fresh egg. Experiment results showed that there was no significant difference between frozen egg products and fresh egg products, apart from that the frozen whole egg needs a long rise time (P0.05) and the frozen egg yolk mayonnaise has a significantly higher viscosity compare with the fresh egg yolk mayonnaise, and all the products obtained people’s willing to buy.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Stimulus functions in some chained fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement.

For two pigeons, behavior was compared in equivalent two-link chained and tandem schedules in which 100 responses were required for food reinforcement but the responses required in the two links of the chained schedule were varied over the values 2-98, 50-50, and 98-2. Initial pausing, response rate in each link, and the total time to complete each ratio were recorded. In chained components, initial-link pausing (for both birds) and total time to complete the ratio (for one bird) were generally shorter when the response requirement was 2-98 than when it was 50-50 or 98-2; for terminal-link pausing this relationship was reversed for both birds. There were also systematic changes in behavior in tandem components, and in the relationship between behavior in chained and tandem components. The results are discussed in terms of conditioned reinforcement.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Editorial Note for Materials Science: An Indian Journal

An Indian Journal I am pleased to mention that during the year 2019, all issues of volume 17 were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online.  An Indian Journal during this year also brought out International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering, 25th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Engineering & Scientific Exploration on Magnetism and Magnetic Material Research conference proceedings. The JNPPR Impact factor for the year 2018 was 0.50 and ISSN No:0974-7486. During the calendar year 2019, TSMS received a total of 30 papers, out of which 17 articles (57%) were rejected in the preliminary screening due to plagiarism or being out of the format and peer review process. During 2019 around 13 articles were subjected for publication after they are accepted in the peer review process. In the 1 issues of Volume 17 published during the year 2019, a total of 6 articles were published (at process) of which, articles were published from authors all around the world. A total of 110 research scientists from all over the world reviewed the 17 articles published in volume 17. Average publication lag time of an article was further reduced to 2-3 weeks. During the calendar year 2019, a total of 5 Editors, 30 Reviewers joined the board of TSMS and contributed their invaluable services towards contribution as well as publication of articles. I take this opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Editor-in-ChiefAntti S. korhonenduring the final editing of articles published and the support rendered by the editorial assistant, Prof. Dr. Bien Tan in bringing out issues of TSMS in time. I would also like to express my gratitude to all the authors, reviewers, the publisher, the advisory and the editorial board of TSMS, the office bearers for their support in bringing out yet another volume of TSMS and look forward to their unrelenting support to bring out the Volume 18 of TSMS in scheduled time.

Field of study: Materials science
Conjugacy classes of $n$-tuples in semi-simple Jordan algebras

Let $J$ be a finite-dimensional semi-simple Jordan algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. In this article, the diagonal action of the automorphism group of $J$ on the $n$-fold product $J\times\ldots \times J$ is studied. In particular, it is shown that the orbit through an $n$-tuple $x=(x_1,,\ldots,x_n)$ is closed if and only if the Jordan subalgebra generated by the elements $x_1,\ldots, x_n$ is semi-simple.

Field of study: Mathematics
Biological aspects of the genus Brachistosternus (Bothriuridae) in the Atacama Desert (Chile), with the description of a new type of pedipalp macroseta

New data about several aspects of the biology of scorpions of genus Brachistosternus of the Atacama Desert are provided. Predatory techniques on tenebrionid larvae, and large spiders in their burrows are described, as well as the method used to transport large preys. The habitat of Brachistosternus mattonii Ojanguren-Affi lastro 2005, by the tide line, is described for the fi rst time. Finally a new type of pedipalp macroseta of Bothriuridae is described.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science