nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
IGIDA:Internet General IDentity Architecture

Identity of users and hosts are necessary in mobile environment and in network management of Internet,and the reality of the identity is even more import in security and trust-worthiness of Internet communication. As there exists some problem in current identity research,such as not supporting global single sign-on and the absence of identity reality,this paper defines a general identifier GID to describe the identity of a user or a endpoint device,and proposes a new Internet architecture based on GID,called IGIDA. This paper also proposes the authenticaion protocol and control mechanism of GID and gives some possible applications in future on IGIDA.

Field of study: Computer science
Romantic Partners in a Market Perspective: Expectations about What Ensures a Highly Desirable Partner

This study used the biological market perspective and influential statistical models from the marketing field to investigate males' and females' expectations regarding which combination of characteristics are most relevant in ensuring desirable partnerships for same-sex individuals. Thus, 358 Brazilian undergraduates assessed eight descriptions of same-gender stimulus targets (formulated with different levels of physical attractiveness, social skills, and current or prospective social status) and evaluated the overall desirability of the targets' expected or probable partners. From the possible combinations, three groups emerged: for one group, mainly composed of men, status characteristics were the most important attributes; for the others, mostly composed of women, social skills or physical characteristics were identified as most important in appealing to a desirable partner. This work expands the understanding of variability in male and female romantic expectations, and its implications are discussed from an evolutionary perspective.

Field of study: Psychology
Desensitization of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in NG 108 15 cells by (-)-adrenaline and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.

alpha 2-Adrenergic receptors on NG 108 15 cell membranes were identified by [3H]rauwolscine binding: Bmax. = 661 +/- 81 fmol/mg of protein, Kd = 6.9 +/- 2.5 nM (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6). On intact cells, stimulation of these receptors by (-)-adrenaline inhibited the prostaglandin-E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by about 60%. The effect of (-)-adrenaline was pertussis-toxin-sensitive, indicating the involvement of an inhibitory G protein. (-)-Adrenaline/[3H]rauwolscine competition-binding experiments revealed that only 50% of the alpha 2 receptors were coupled to G proteins (i.e. displayed high agonist affinity). Pre-treatment of the cells with 20 microM-(-)-adrenaline provoked homologous desensitization of the alpha 2 receptors. The alpha 2-adrenergic response decreased after a time lag of about 2 h, to reach a minimum after 12 h. The bradykinin and muscarinic responses were not affected. The alpha 2-receptor concentration decreased without time lag. The high-agonist-affinity sites disappeared more rapidly (t1/2 = 42 min) than did the low-affinity uncoupled sites (t1/2 approx. 20 h). In contrast, pertussis-toxin-mediated [32P]ADP-ribosylation of inhibitory G proteins was unaffected by the pre-treatment. Pretreatment of intact NG 108 15 cells with 1 microM-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) provoked a rapid decrease of the alpha 2-adrenergic response. The effect was nearly complete after 40 min. PMA also decreased the bradykinin response, suggesting a heterologous desensitization process. The alpha 2-receptor concentration, the (-)-adrenaline competition-binding curves and the pertussis- and cholera-toxin-mediated [32P]ADP-ribosylation of their respective G proteins were not affected.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
[Principles of early rehabilitation of patients with stroke].

Basing on general pathophysiological data, the main outlines and principles of early rehabilitation of patients with acute disturbance of cerebral blood flow are considered. Clinical ENMG analysis of peripheral neuromuscular apparatus in 32 patients with right- and left-side location of the lesion in acute and early rehabilitation periods of ischemic stroke is presented. Different variants of ENMG interrelations between paretic and intact extremities and their correlations with functional rehabilitation degree are shown. Different sanogenetic mechanisms of movement functions rehabilitation in patients with right- and left-side lesions are hypothesized. The results of early rehabilitation of patients with stroke in neurological clinic of Russian State Medical University (General Municipal Hospital N20) are presented.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Tetrakis(thiadiazolo)porphyrazines. 3. Acid-base Properties and Stability of Tetrakis-3,4-(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)porphyrazine in Sulfuric Acid Solutions

AM1 calculations gave the proton affinities of different types of donor sites in tetrakis-3,4-(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)porphyrazine, H2{[SN2)4PA}, and protonation of the meso-nitrogen atoms was found to be favored. A spectrometric study showed that the basicity of the meso-nitrogen atoms of the porphyrazine macrocycle is strongly diminished and these atoms in CF3CO2H are involved in an incomplete acid-base interaction (ABI) to give acid solvates, while a complete ABI (protonation) is found only in the presence of sulfuric acid. The basicity constants of the meso-nitrogen atoms were determined spectrophotometrically in CF3CO2H-H2SO4. The kinetics of decomposition of the macrocyclic chromophore in concentrated sulfuric acid was studied and a possible mechanism for this process was proposed.

Field of study: Chemistry
PREPARATION OF PHOTO-CATALYTIC TiO_2 BY SUPERCRITICAL ETHANOL (I) SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCATALYSIS

Photo-catalytic TiO 2 was prepared from tetraisopropyl titanate (TPT) in supercritical ethanol. It was found that TPT in supercritical ethanol could be effectively converted into the anatase-form of TiO 2 crystallites. The anatase-form of TiO 2 as a photo-catalyst was evaluated for its adsorptivity and subsequent photo-catalytic activities on formaldehyde, one of the harmful air pollutants in the environment. As a result, the supercritically treated TiO 2 had a high decomposing ability. Under the same condition, the experiment was repeated for 5 times,and photocatalysis of the samples did not decrease. This indicated that the supercritical treatment was effective to prepare photo-catalytic TiO 2, which was feature by stability, longevity and high photo-catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde for environmental cleaning. Meanwhile, unlike conventional chemical reaction, which is complex and time-consuming, supercritical treatment is easy to operate, saving both time and labor.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
Clinical Analsys of Surgical Treatment of Rectal Carcinoma in 63 Senile Case

To study prope perioperative management of senile patients with rectal carcinoma. Clinical data of 63 patients with rectal cacinomal over 68 years old from Apr 1995 to May 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Results of the 63 case,51 underwent redical resection (81%), 8 Hartmann operation, 4 simple leakage. There was no operative death. Also in these case, postoperative complications occurred in 26 case (41.2%),death in 2 case (3.2%).Conclusion Thoughtful perioperative mangment,clinical nutritional support and proper selection of surgical method are the key in reducing complication and improving cure rate.

Field of study: Medicine
The Reliability and Consistency Indicator of the Modified Picture of the Jordanian Environment from Verbal Aptitude Tests

The aim of this study is to examine and derive the reliability and consistency indicator of the modified picture of the Jordanian environment from verbal preparation tests and evaluate these indicators for this test after its development and its application to members of the age group (16-18) in Jordan, and then derive the appropriate criteria for the interpretation of performance for the examined sample on this test. the targeted population of the study consisted of all individuals belonging to the age group (16-18) in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and since this battery is only for the educated class within the age group (16-74 years),so students in the Ministry of education schools has been selected as an (accessible population) as a representative of the target population of the study which is all ages group between (16-18) years old in Jordan. The study recommends that with respect to the total exclusion of customary and prevailing view associated with the selected students with higher academic achievement in all its branches and specially science branch, and the selection of others with low achievement in literary as well as professional, vocational and technical training centers branches, without considering the potential and aptitudes and interests of these students, perhaps he got high assessment have specific non-academic preparations, or a low estimate may not have the desire to study disciplines Various professional posed the real appreciation. At the same time working to change the perception of inferiority to study disciplines in apprenticeship and professional training centers for the needs of the labor market by, on the other hand, contribute to reducing unemployment. Keyword: reliability, consistency, indicator, modified picture, environment.

Field of study: Education
Two-Proton Virtual Decay of the 19Mg Nucleus in the Superfluid Model

The two-stage two-proton virtual nuclear decay theory and superfluid atomic nucleus model are used to investigate the total and partial widths, and the angular distributions of the emitted protons, for the two-proton diagonal virtual decay of the ground state of the $${}^{{19}}{\text{Mg}}$$ nucleus into the ground state of the 17Ne nucleus. It is shown there is a set of parameters of the proton shell potential and superfluid proton–proton interaction for which the calculated total width of the two-proton decay of the $${}^{{19}}{\text{Mg}}$$ nucleus agrees with its experimental value.

Field of study: Physics
Building Trusted Hash Tree Based on TPM

This paper proposes a scheme for building trusted hash tree based on TPM.Hash tree has the property of measuring lots of data by protecting small amount of data.TPM can be used to protect small amount of data of a hash tree.If the processes which access the TPM and the TPM are protected from attack,a trusted hash tree can be implemented with the support of TPM measurement mechanisms.The hash tree based on TPM is called T_Hash tree.In the scenarios where measurement is concentrated on specific data,TF_Hash tree and TFC_Hash tree can be designed for efficiency.Analysis shows that these hash trees are temper-evident.The experiment shows that TF_Hash tree is more efficient than T_Hash tree in specific scenarios,and TFC_Hash tree improves efficiency further.

Field of study: Computer science
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Cooled electron-beam-controlled laser based on two-quantum transitions in CO molecules

Stimulated emission at the first overtone of the CO molecule (λ =2.7–5 μ) was obtained for the first time using the electron-beam-controlled method. When the temperature of the active medium was 100 °K and the specific energy input was 120 J liter −1 amagat−1, the overall efficiency of the CO laser with a selective resonator was ~30% and of this, 3% of the energy was emitted as a result of the two-quantum transitions. The maximum radiation energy in the 2.7–3 μ range was 9

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Taphonomy of ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) associated with their burrows within a middle Miocene mud volcano complex of Persian (Arabian) Gulf, Kuwait

Shallow-marine strata of the Ghar Formation exposed along the Kuwait arch in the north of Kuwait contains fields of mud volcanoes associated with an assemblage dominated by pectinid bivalves and callianassid ghost shrimps. The depositional palaeoenvironment is interpreted to be intertidal to subtidal with the water depth not exceeding 50 m and with normal to hypersaline conditions. Based on the microfossil assemblage a middle Miocene age (early Langhian) is inferred, suggesting a longer stratigraphic span of the formation despite the previous studies treating the Ghar Formation as strictly early Miocene. Callianassid body fossils and numerous trace fossils assignable to Ophiomorpha have been identified. Ghost shrimp remains consisting of isolated cheliped elements are assigned to Neocallichirus (s.l.), which is the likely producer of Ophiomorpha burrows as documented by cheliped elements present within burrows and in the substrate around them. Stable isotopes discrimination modelling confirmed that fluids in the substrate were derived from at least two sources implying the presence of active mud volcanoes in the environment inhabited by ghost shrimps. Effusive activity of mud volcanoes further enhanced disarticulation and fragmentation of callianassid remains. The micritic matrix of ghost shrimp exoskeletons is indicated to have resulted from a mixture of local seawater with fluid of continental origin. This ghost shrimp occurrence is the first formal report of fossil decapod crustaceans from Kuwait.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Convection heat transfer from a hybrid circuit

Accurate values of heat transfer coefficient are needed for simulation of the thermal characteristics of a thick film resistor. In this paper, the results of an investigation are presented where an optical technique is used to study the convection plumes from a horizontally positioned hybrid resistor package. The observations have shown that simplifying approximations to the convection coefficients may be made in thermal analysis of such devices. Using these approximations and an optimization technique, values have been estimated for the coefficients.

Field of study: Materials science
Impact of Teacher Absenteeism on Student Achievement: A Case of South Punjab District Muzaffargarh, Pakistan

In a recent few decades years, there has been a substantial attempt by emergent countries to put their children in the school. Basic education and educational achievement are apparent as one of the major vehicles for spurring economic development and improving the living standard of the under developing countries. Therefore, the educational accomplishment in the under developing countries is at a standstill, because of certain factors of which absenteeism in school is also contribute. An exploratory research was conducted in district Muzaffargarh to explore the factor behind the absenteeism, their effect on the student’s performance. For this purpose we had collected data through simple questionnaire method of 200 teachers, where government and private school teachers were equally distributed, in a descriptive statistics by using SPPS (21) statistical package, we had to find out their monthly income status, leaving chart, causes of absenteeism school-related problem, and personal problem as well. It was found out that most of the government school teacher avail more leave then the private school teacher, weather problem, transport problem, emergency work at home, are the main reason for teacher absenteeism. Government teacher as compare the private teacher feel more secure job, and working environment at school.  Emergent, absenteeism, student, significant

Field of study: Education
Random Initial Heterogeneity and Degradation in Brittle Materials

The question of implementation of the initial state of the material is addressed. The problem is tackled by assuming random initial values for a relevant variable, within a prespecified range. The numerical implementation shows that the lower the initial assigned degradation in the material the higher the rate of dissipated energy. This numerical result agrees with relevant experiments. The analysis has revealed the importance of the internal material length, e.g. for assigning the initial random variables according to a material dependent fluctuation scale. Different possibilities for its estimation and/or evolution have been suggested. Symbolic computations by computer that resulted in the analytical solution of an instability problem are presented. Such analytical solution without computer had not been obtained in the past because the analytical work is tedious and error prone making it very difficult to pursue. The analytical solution, made possible through symbolic computations, provides significant insight into the problem of skin effects in brittle materials and internal length estimation.

Field of study: Engineering
TU‐EF‐303‐04: Multi‐Modal in Vivo Cellular Imaging of Embryonic Heart Morphogenesis

Many medical physics diagnostic and therapeutic developments have significant overlap with biophysical approaches to measuring and modeling molecular and cellular systems. Although these methods may differ dramatically in terms of temporal and spatial scales, many of the underlying concepts are identical, suggesting potential synergies across the scales. For example, while clinical imaging is typically in the (sub)millimeter and second regime, biophysical imaging technologies reach sub-nanometer and sub-picosecond scales. Despite these scale differences, the use of molecular labeling, resulting large datasets, and need for quantitative analysis methods are similar, and solutions developed for one application are easily translated to others. Similarly, mathematical models used to understand clinical responses are often based on molecular and cellular networks that have been elucidated by biophysical studies. In turn, such models are directly useful for guiding on-going biophysical and biomedical research. Relevant biophysical applications are found in the cancer, neuroscience, and cardiac fields, which are also research focus areas for many AAPM members. Presentations by physicists working in biophysics will explore potential synergies with diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics, as well as help identify areas of common interest that would be ripe for novel collaborations.

1. 
1.To learn about differences in temporal and spatial scales of medical physics and biophysics
2. 
To learn about common methods used in medical physics and biophysics
3. 
To learn about synergistic opportunities between medical physics and biophysics

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Carbohydrate epitope defined by an antitumor monoclonal antibody detected on glycoproteins and a glycolipid by immunoblotting.

The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) MOv2 was found to be directed against the carbohydrate moieties of different kinds of molecules expressed on a human ovarian cystoadenocarcinoma. To define further the glycoconjugates carrying the MOv2-defined epitope, different procedures were used to analyze materials from surgical specimens and carcinoma cell lines. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting showed glycoprotein molecules migrating in the gel as high and intermediate molecular weight components. A low-molecular-weight band, migrating approximately with the dye front, was also immunostained by MOv2. On the other hand, the immunostaining of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of the total glycolipid extract and its neutral and acid fractions, after DEAE chromatography, showed selective reactivity with a neutral glycolipid. Reanalysis by immunoblotting of this glycolipid band scraped off the HPTLC plate indicated that it corresponds to the low-molecular-weight component. Periodate oxidation and Pronase digestion further demonstrate the saccharide nature of the determinant on both types of glycoconjugates. In conclusion, we report evidence that with a single analytical procedure, i.e., immunoblotting, it is possible to recognize the same carbohydrate determinant carried on both protein and lipid molecules.

Field of study: Biology
The impact of climatic change on butterfly geography: does climatic change produce coincident trends in populations, distributions and ranges?

With climatic warming is the expectation of coincident changes in distributions and range limits driven by population changes. An outstanding question is whether such coincident changes (positive or negative) occur, especially in smaller regions in which management for change tends to be conducted. Using atlas and survey monitoring data (BMS) we studied population and distribution changes in 31 butterfly species in North West England over three recording periods (1940–1994, 1995–2001, 2001–2007). We found that since the first recording period many more species have shifted their centres of gravity significantly northwards and uphill than have increased in population abundance (density) and distribution cover. At the same time, far fewer species have effectively shifted southwards and downhill than have decreased in density and distribution cover. A significant association between change in distribution cover and density is divorced from the weaker association between shifts in altitude and northing; whereas many species are gaining northwards and at higher altitude, they are doing so from a failing base at lower altitude and at the core of their distributions. Usually losses at lower altitudes are ascribed to loss of biotopes. But, declines in some species, such as Lasiommata megera, are occurring at a much faster rate than physical changes to the landscape and in land uses. The findings of this study indicate that changes in populations, distributions and ranges are a great deal more complex than hitherto considered. Currently, the basis for such rapid changes is not being supported by detailed autecology on species.

Field of study: Environmental science
Investigation of the 6He structure in quasi free scattering reactions

Momentum correlations inherent to the 6He constituents in the ground state of this nucleus were studied in the quasi-free scattering (QFS) reaction 4He(6He, 2α)2n at 6He beam energy of 25 MeV/nucleon. A detailed study of nucleus structure was performed for the first time in QFS reactions with an unbound spectator. The Plane Wave Impulse Approximation was used in analyzing the experimental data. It was shown that the experimental data are described by model calculations in which the two neutron final state interaction is taken into account. t + t and t + d + n configurations were also studied in the 4He(6He, tα)t and 4He(6He, tα)dn QFS reactions.

Field of study: Physics
Performance increase of tandem amorphous/microcrystalline Si PV devices under variable illumination and temperature conditions

Wear out in the maximum power point condition of tandem microcrystalline Si/amorphous Si thin film PV modules due to extended light soaking is a well-known effect due to the Staebler–Wronski mechanism . However, several studies [  ,  ,  ,  ,  , [7] ,  ] on a-Si:H single junction and tandem solar cells, have shown that, under suitable conditions of electric field in reverse bias, illumination, especially at well-defined wavelengths (700–800 nm), and temperature conditions, an improvement of the cell main electric parameters is possible. In this work, we report on new stress tests performed on tandem amorphous Silicon PV devices (both non-stabilized and stabilized), highlighting the improvement of their electrical performances, founded both in the tests performed on non-stabilized samples (essentially due to the reverse bias stresses carried out in these tests) and in the outdoor tests on stabilized samples (not subjected to reverse bias stresses) going from morning to afternoon illumination. In the latter tests, the efficiency improvement observed in the afternoon is stable overnight and observed also in the early stages of the morning outdoor test in the following day. Possible causes of such effect are discussed.

Field of study: Engineering