nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Household adaptation and intention to adapt to coastal flooding in the Axios - Loudias - Aliakmonas National Park, Greece

As a consequence of sea-level rise, coastal areas will more often experience extreme flooding in the future. Household-level adaptation is a form of accommodation that reduces vulnerability to flooding and can complement, or provide an alternative to, coastal protection. In this study we examine anticipatory adaptation to coastal flooding at household-level in the Axios – Loudias – Aliakmonas National Park, located at the Thermaic Gulf in Greece. A questionnaire survey was conducted and respondents (n = 491) were asked about actual adaptation behaviour as well as cognitive, socio-economic and housing variables. Additionally, they were asked to indicate their adaptation intention for the year 2050, for a range of narrative climate-change scenarios. Results show that coastal households in the region are currently adapting in different ways, primarily concentrating on low-effort measures. This behaviour is correlated to cognitive rather than socioeconomic and housing characteristics. In the future, respondents intend to adapt in a similar way, with a tendency to implement higher-effort and more costly measures when confronted with significant changes in climate. We argue that promoting household-level adaptation is an easy-to-implement and effective way of reducing vulnerability to coastal flooding, which should be integrated into coastal risk management strategies in Greece.

Field of study: Environmental science
Perfect Secure Computation in Two Rounds

We show that any multi-party functionality can be evaluated using a two-round protocol with perfect correctness and perfect semi-honest security, provided that the majority of parties are honest. This settles the round complexity of information-theoretic semi-honest MPC, resolving a longstanding open question (cf. Ishai and Kushilevitz, FOCS 2000). The protocol is efficient for \({\mathrm {NC}}^1\) functionalities. Furthermore, given black-box access to a one-way function, the protocol can be made efficient for any polynomial functionality, at the cost of only guaranteeing computational security.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Influence of solder bump arrangements on molded IC encapsulation

This paper presents a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis of ball grid array (BGA) package encapsulation. Real-time and simultaneous FSI analysis is conducted by using finite volume code (FLUENT) and finite element code (ABAQUS), which are coupled with MpCCI. A BGA integrated circuit (IC) package with different solder bump arrangements is considered in this study. In the FSI analysis, effects of solder bump arrangements on pressure distribution, void, deformation, and stress imposed on the IC structures are investigated. The maximum deformation and maximum stress on the silicon chip and solder bumps are evaluated. The findings indicate that the full-array solder bump package encounters lower stress and deformation during encapsulation. The void formation of each solder bump arrangement is examined. Scaled-up encapsulation is performed and the predicted flow front advancements are substantiated by experimental results. Results demonstrate the excellent capability of the proposed modeling tools for predictive trends of IC encapsulation. Thus, better understanding of IC encapsulation is provided to engineers and package designers in the microelectronics industry.

Field of study: Engineering
SU-F-BRD-11: Prediction of Dosimetric Endpoints From Patient Geometry Using Neural Nets.

The previously-published overlap volume histogram (OVH) technique lends itself naturally to prediction of the dose received by a given volume of tissue (e.g. D90) in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans. Here we extend the OVH technique using artificial neural networks in order to predict the volume of tissue receiving a given dose (e.g. V90) in both prostate IMRT and conventional breast radiotherapy.



Twenty-nine prostate treatment plans and forty-three breast treatment plans were analyzed. The spatial relationships between the prostate and rectum and between the breast and ipsilateral lung were characterized using OVHs. The OVH is a cumulative histogram representing the fractional volume of the risk organ overlapped by a series of isotropic expansions of the planning target volume (PTV). Seven cases were identified as outliers and replanned. OVH points were used as inputs to a one hidden layer feed forward artificial neural network with quality parameters of the corresponding plan, such as the rectum V50, as targets. A 3-fold cross-validation was used to estimate the prediction error.



The root mean square (RMS) error between the predicted rectum V50s and the planned values was 2.3, which was 35% of the standard deviation of V50 for the twenty-nine plans. The RMS error of prediction of V20 of the ipsilateral lung in breast cases was 3.9, which was 90% of the standard deviation of the V20 values in the breast plan database.



This study demonstrates that artificial neural nets can be used to extend the OVH technique to predict dosimetric endpoints taking the form of a volume receiving a given dose, rather than the minimum dose received by a given volume. Prediction of ipsilateral lung dose in breast radiotherapy using the OVH technique remains a work in progress.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Development of the Concept of ‘Core Resident Species’ for Quality Assurance of an Insect Reserve

Awareness in the eyes of the public is important for involving the wider community in conservation. A dragonfly awareness trail was developed and implemented in the year 2000 at a national botanical garden in South Africa. Such a trail is not likely to always have the same number of dragonfly species either throughout the year or from one year to the next. The aim was to assess dragonfly assemblage changes that occurred along the trail over 3 years, so as to fine-tune expectations that the public may have as regards species to be seen at any particular time. A cumulative species variance for species and speciesenvironmental relations, strongly indicated that certain measured site variables were responsible for the main variation in dragonfly species patterns over time. Habitat requirements of an odonate species may be defined primarily in terms of marginal grasses, floating and submerged vegetation, marginal herbs, sedges and reeds, and pH. Additional variables were percentage shade, exposed rock, marginal forest and water flow characteristics. Both dragonfly species richness and abundance changed over the 3 years. One of the reasons for this was a single, major disturbance, in the form of dredging the reservoir site to reverse ecological succession in 2002. Despite an impact such as this, and after accounting for vagrancy, there were in all 24 ‘core resident species’ still to be seen along the trail from January to May. Another 11 species, including two migrants and one species lost temporarily to dredging disturbance, can be considered only as ‘possibilities’ on any one visit. Assurance that the 24 core species can be seen in the summer months (although only three in winter) is essential for maintaining the bona fide of such a trail, and hence conservation awareness, in the eyes of the public.

Field of study: Environmental science
Advances of Separation and Enrichment Approach in Phosphoproteome Research

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important reversible modifications in nature;it is involved in many cellular processes such as proliferation,differentiation,cellular signaling,transcriptional and translational regulation,interaction with other proteins,subcellular localization and the degradation of protein.So phosphorylation is one of the most common and best characterized post-translational modifications(PTM) of cellular proteins.The detection of phosphopeptides remains challenging because of the low abundance of phosphoproteins.The enrichment of phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides is one of the important ways to improve the MS response of phosphopeptide signals.This review summarizes the methods currently available for the enrichment of phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides,including immunopreciptation,affinity enrichment method,chemical modification method and affinity chromatography,on-plate specific enrichment method.

Field of study: Chemistry
[Research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of Coxsackievirus A16].

Epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have mainly been caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. CVA16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. Based on an analysis of the complete VP1 coding region, all CVA16 strains can be divided into genotypes A, B1, and B2. Furthermore, genotype B1 can be divided into subgenotypes B1a, B1b, and B1c. After 2000, no reports of genotype B2 virus strains have been reported. All of the CVA16 strains reported in mainland China have belonged to subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Most CVA16-associated infections cause only mild symptoms; however, some CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to control the transmission and infection rate of this virus. A number of research groups are studying various vaccine types, including inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and DNA vaccines, amongst others. In this review, an overview is provided of the research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of CVA16.

Field of study: Biology
An extension of DG methods for hyperbolic problems to one-dimensional semi-infinite domains

We consider spectral discretizations of hyperbolic problems on unbounded domains using Laguerre basis functions. Taking as model problem the scalar advection equation, we perform a comprehensive stability analysis that includes strong collocation formulations, nodal and modal weak formulations, with either inflow or outflow boundary conditions, using either Gauss–Laguerre or Gauss–Laguerre–Radau quadrature and based on either scaled Laguerre functions or scaled Laguerre polynomials. We show that some of these combinations give rise to intrinsically unstable discretizations, while the combination of scaled Laguerre functions with Gauss–Laguerre–Radau quadrature appears to be stable for both strong and weak formulations. We then show how a modal discretization approach for hyperbolic systems on an unbounded domain can be naturally and seamlessly coupled to a discontinuous finite element discretization on a finite domain. An example of one dimensional hyperbolic system is solved with the proposed domain decomposition technique. The errors obtained with the proposed approach are found to be small, enabling the use of the coupled scheme for the simulation of Rayleigh damping layers in the semi-infinite part. Energy errors and reflection ratios of the scheme in absorbing wavetrains and single Gaussian signals show that a small number of modes in the semi-infinite domain are sufficient to damp the waves. The theoretical insight and numerical results corroborate previous findings by the authors and establish the scaled Laguerre functions-based discretization as a flexible and efficient tool for absorbing layers as well as for the accurate simulation of waves in unbounded regions.

Field of study: Mathematics
Research on Entity-based Matching Technology Between Text and XML

Currently,large amounts of data are stored in XMLwithin many enterprises,such as aircraft enterprise,and there is hardly any relationship between them and other business text data. In the field of heterogeneous data integration,there is hardly any research on matching technique between text and XML. This paper first proposes an approach to integrate plain text data and XML document.The approach is constructed with a two-step framework: first,extracting entities of the text by conditional-random-fields based entity extraction tool; then,locating the closest semantic fragment within the XML file that covers all of the extracted entities and instances by Entity-based Closest Semantic Fragment( ECSF) search algorithm. Furthermore,the entity node should be the ancestor of the corresponding instance node. Our evaluation shows that ECSF algorithm performs efficiently and achieves good result,including rate of recall and accuracy.

Field of study: Computer science
New High Stopping Power Thin Scintillators Based on ${\rm Lu}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ and ${\rm Lu}_{3}{\rm Ga}_{5-{\rm x}}{\rm In}_{\rm x}{\rm O}_{12}$ for High Resolution X-ray Imaging

X-ray computed tomography devices and X-ray diffraction techniques are powerful tools: the former provide volumetric data of samples during a non-destructive examination for biology and material science, and the latter measure grain orientation and strain, as well as crystalline phase identification and structure refinement. Today, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) provides increasingly higher energy beams, up to 150 keV combined with higher brilliance (1013 X-ray photons/sec). This means that detectors suffer from low X-ray absorption at high spatial resolution (1-10 μm) and from radiation damage in tomography and diffraction applications. In addition, more and more experiments in medicine require the absorbed dose by the sample to be reduced. In this context, more efficient scintillators are developed and evaluated at the ESRF. In order to perform sub-micrometer and micrometer resolution imaging scintillators 1 μm to 500 μm thin are required. Single Crystal Film scintillators (SCF), 1 μm to 100 μm can be obtained via Liquid Phase Epitaxy for sub-micrometer resolution. Transparent ceramics, 100 μm to 500 μm thick are promising candidates for X-ray imaging requiring high X-ray absorption and good contrast with micrometer resolution. Commonly available scintillators, such as CdWO4 and YAG:Ce suffer from low efficiency, therefore new scintillators with higher light yield and stopping-power are required. A first test was carried out to evaluate an Europium doped Lutetium Oxide ceramic for micrometer resolution and new SCFs of Lu3Ga5-xInxO12:Eu for sub-micrometer resolution are investigated. Performance of Lu2O3 and LuInGG, i.e absorption, light yield, afterglow, spatial resolution will be presented and compared to standard screens (YAG, GGG). First results will be illustrated with X-ray images and will demonstrate the absorption efficiency improvement at high spatial resolution.

Field of study: Physics
The peculiarities of hypnotic states in patients with borderline mental disorders

: Two hundreds and eighteen patients with borderline mental disorders have been examined. After the first session of hypnosis suggesting therapy, 5 clinical variants of hypnotic states (physiological, asthenic, phobic, hysterical and mixed) were distinguished. Additionally, 40 patients have been interviewed for obtaining a formalized, according to adjectives used by the patients, description of experiences during the hypnotic session. Using cluster analysis, 5 groups were formed characteristics of which strongly correlated with earlier clinical description and therapeutical efficacy. The results allow better understanding of hypnotic states specificity as well as more precise prognosis of a therapeutic effect.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation plays an important role in the anti-breast cancer efficacy of the dithiocarbamate derivative TM208

To investigate the effects of a novel dithiocarbamate derivative TM208 on human breast cancer cells as well as the pharmacokinetic characteristics of TM208 in human breast cancer xenograft mice.Human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with TM208 or a positive control drug tamoxifen. Cell proliferation was examined using SRB and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay. Protein expression was examined with Western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemical analyses. MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft nude mice were orally administered TM208 (50 or 150 mg·kg−1·d−1) or tamoxifen (50 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 18 d. On d 19, the tumors were collected for analyses. Blood samples were collected from the mice treated with the high dose of TM208, and plasma concentrations of TM208 were measured using LC-MS/MS.Results:Treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with TM208 dose-dependently inhibited the cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro (the IC50 values were 36.38±3.77 and 18.13±0.76 μmol/L, respectively). TM208 (20–150μmol/L) dose-dependently induced apoptosis of both the breast cancer cells in vitro. In MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft nude mice, TM208 administration dose-dependently reduced the tumor growth, but did not result in the accumulation of TM208 or weight loss. TM208 dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 in both the breast cancer cells in vitro as well as in the MCF-7 xenograft tumor.Inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation plays an important role in the anticancer effect of TM208 against human breast cancer.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Second Career for Grayanotoxins

Natural products are not necessarily gentle medicines. A famous example is the so-called “Chinese nephropathy”. In 1993, nephrotoxicity of more than 100 women under the age of 50 was observed in Belgium as a consequence of herbal poisoning. The use of Chinese herbs containing aristolochia acid in a slimming regime resulted in extensive interstitial fibrosis of the kidney, which led to renal failure and in some cases to renal urotheliomas . Although not all potentially toxic substances cause such strong side effects, there is still uncertainty about herbal products and reports about contaminations and adverse side effects might sometimes leave a bad after taste about the use of herbal products [3,4].

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Spanish Arbitration of the Ecuador-Peru Dispute

Although a border question had existed between Ecuador and Peru since independence, it was not until 1887 that they made serious efforts to resolve their mutual frontiers. The formative first phase of the dispute extended from the creation of Ecuador in 1830; the second began August 1, 1887, with the Bonifaz-Espinosa agreement and concluded in 1910 with the total collapse of the settlement procedures therein pacted. The intervening twenty-three years saw the development of arguments destined to be used to some extent even down to the present, witnessed the futile attempt of the mother country to arbitrate, and brought the major American powers into the matter for the first time.

Field of study: History
Primary care in Baltic countries: a comparison of progress and present systems.

This study aims to compare the organisation of primary care (PC) systems in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, focusing on the structure and process of service delivery, and to discuss the suitability of the PHAMEU instrument for international comparison of PC systems.



The data were collected in the framework of PHAMEU project during 2009-2010. The selected indicators were used to describe and compare the structure and process of PC in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.



The results showed that the coordination of PC services, legislative framework, service delivery, quality requirements and PC financing principles are rather similar in all three Baltic countries. Population coverage for PC services, cost sharing for some services, and the employment status of family doctors differs by country. The PHAMEU instrument was most applicable for the description and comparison of the structure of PC and some aspects of the process. Information about patient outcome and quality of care was neither available nor reliable enough.



The development of PC systems in Baltic countries has been rather similar, but some aspects also differ between the countries. Use of a standardized instrument allows for international comparison, but assumes standardised data collection procedures in comparable countries.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Dependence of quantum dot Auger carrier relaxation on barrier dimensionality: an experimental study

We present picosecond time resolved photoluminescence measurements of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot structures—grown by modified droplet epitaxy—where the dimensionality of the barrier states has been varied from 2D to 3D. This is realized by the insertion of a variable thickness quantum well at the quantum dot base. We find a fast carrier relaxation, which is made faster by the increase of the photogenerated carrier injection in all the samples due to Auger-like mechanisms. Hence the dimensionality of the electronic states in the barrier is not relevant in determining the quantum dot capture, in contrast with the conclusions of several models so far presented in the literature. Our findings suggest that the Auger-like processes only involve the zero-dimensional levels of the quantum dots.

Field of study: Materials science
A Study on the Reform of State-owned Grain Enterprise

Through the analysis on the multiple characteristics of government and state-owned grain enterprise's aims,this paper shows that aims of them is a paradox,which results in the course of state-owned grain enterprise's reform being more complicated.In general,the reform of state-owned grain enterprise is a marketing oriented reform.The first stage is from ambiguity of responsibility between the government and state-owned grain enterprise to explicit responsibility of them,the second stage is how to realize to separate efficiently,the reform is focused on such fields as optimization of the grain marketing structure,making a point of the benefit of peasantry and improvement on government's adjusting measure,in the future.

Field of study: Economics
Construction and Application of Users′ Behavior Model in the Video on Demand System

By studying the behavior of Video-On-Demand users,a mathematical behavior model can be bulit,which may guide the improvement of the video data caching algorithms.This paper investigates the common mathematical models of the users′ behavior,analyzes a batch of video data and finds that the stretched exponential model can better match the real demanding frequencies of videos than the Zipf model.It also implement the stretched exponential model to model the playback length of videos and gets very good fitting,which confirms the correctness of the obtained playback length model.Moreover,it proposes a method to predict the upper bound of the hitting rate of video data caching algorithms based on the achieved video demanding frequency model and the playback length model.That upper bound plays an important role in quantitatively evaluating video data caching algorithms.

Field of study: Computer science
The Reformation and Perfection of the System of Discontinuation of Execution

In practice, because of the flaw in legislation and randomness in discontinuation of execution, a lot of cases applied in discontinuation of execution result in the court's burden. At the same time, the existing system of discontinuation of execution bears the weight of parties' misunderstanding and discontentment. This article puts forward the tentative plan in discontinuation of execution in the future such as the purification of particulars, the renewal of conception in execution and the construction of an obligatory right's voucher.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences