nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The rapid access chest pain clinic: unmet distress and disability.

To determine the characteristics, clinical needs and level of health-care use of patients with non-cardiac (NCCP) and cardiac-chest pain (CCP) attending a Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic in an inner-London Hospital.



A cross-sectional comparison of NCCP and CCP patients on measures of pain, mood, beliefs, somatic symptoms and use of services completed by patients attending the Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic over an 18-month period.



There were no significant differences between NCCP and CCP patients in terms of chest pain frequency, duration or severity or associated distress; however, NCCP were younger (53 vs. 60, OR = 1.05) and reported 'atypical' pain more frequently (82% vs. 50%, OR = 3.72). The NCCP group reported more panic-type beliefs about chest pain (5.8 vs. 4.3, P < 0.05) and lower 'illness coherence' (a patient's belief that the illness 'makes sense') (3.5 vs. 4.7, P < 0.05). Anxiety and depression scores were similar in both groups. Both groups had similar levels of health-care use but patients with NCCP saw more types of health-care worker (mean 1.7) than those with CCP (mean 1.4, P < 0.05).



Patients with NCCP are as disabled and distressed as patients with CCP however current services fail to meet their needs. We suggest that a biopsychosocial approach should be explored.

Field of study: Medicine
Air Chemistry and Boundary Layer Studies with AURORA

An experimental technique for measuring air conductivity using AURORA is described. Experimental results for dry air and N2 are presented and compared with theory. A simple theory of the boundary layer that forms at the negative plate of the instrument is developed. The results for dry air and N2 appear to agree well with the theory, although there is some uncertainty in the absolute calibration of the data. A refined version of the experiment will eliminate most of the uncertainties in the calibration of the early results and will also be used to obtain wet air data.

Field of study: Physics
Lower Bounds for Differentially Private RAMs

In this work, we study privacy-preserving storage primitives that are suitable for use in data analysis on outsourced databases within the differential privacy framework. The goal in differentially private data analysis is to disclose global properties of a group without compromising any individual’s privacy. Typically, differentially private adversaries only ever learn global properties. For the case of outsourced databases, the adversary also views the patterns of access to data. Oblivious RAM (ORAM) can be used to hide access patterns but ORAM might be excessive as in some settings it could be sufficient to be compatible with differential privacy and only protect the privacy of individual accesses.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
RADIATION TRANSFER OF MODELS OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION. II. EFFECTS OF THE OUTFLOW

We present radiation transfer simulations of a massive (8 M ☉) protostar forming from a massive (M c = 60 M ☉) protostellar core, extending the model developed by Zhang and Tan. The two principal improvements are (1) developing a model for the density and velocity structure of a disk wind that fills the bipolar outflow cavities, based in part on the disk-wind model of Blandford and Payne; and (2) solving for the radially varying accretion rate in the disk due to a supply of mass and angular momentum from the infall envelope and their loss to the disk wind. One consequence of the launching of the disk wind is a reduction in the amount of accretion power that is radiated by the disk. We also include a non-Keplerian potential appropriate for a growing, massive disk. For the transition from dusty to dust-free conditions where gas opacities dominate, we now implement a gradual change as a more realistic approximation of dust destruction. We study how the above effects, especially the outflow, influence the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and the synthetic images of the protostar. Dust in the outflow cavity significantly affects the SEDs at most viewing angles. It further attenuates the short-wavelength flux from the protostar, controlling how the accretion disk may be viewed, and contributes a significant part of the near- and mid-IR fluxes. These fluxes warm the disk, boosting the mid- and far-IR emission. We find that for near face-on views, i.e., looking down the outflow cavity (although not too close to the axis), the SED from the near-IR to about 60 μm is very flat, which may be used to identify such systems. We show that the near-facing outflow cavity and its walls are still the most significant features in images up to 70 μm, dominating the mid-IR emission and determining its morphology. The thermal emission from the dusty outflow itself dominates the flux at ~20 μm. The detailed distribution of the dust in the outflow affects the morphology, so the model can be constrained by considering detailed intensity profiles along and perpendicular to the outflow axis. For example, even though the outflow cavity is wide, at 10-20 μm, the dust in the disk wind can make the outflow appear narrower than in the near-IR bands.

Field of study: Physics
Drilling for Information

Click on a number in a financial report and get all the details. In the late 1980s, most accountants put aside their columnar pads and calculators and advanced to computers. In some respects, that was a big step, but in reality, very little actually changed: The financial reports were simply transferred from paper to the computer screen. Although the efficiency of report generation was improved, the reports were still static and what you saw on the screen, just as what you saw on the paper, was what you got. Unless extra information was added in a footnote or an addendum, there was no way such a static report--whether it was prepared on paper or on the computer--would show where any of the numbers came from or how they were calculated. Today's technology has given financial managers the opportunity to make reports both interactive and multidimensional. Mind you, we're not talking about leading-edge or tomorrow's technology. Set up properly, Microsoft Excel call allow financial report viewers to dig below the surface of a statement and uncover the source of any number and how it was calculated--in effect, to add new dimensions to otherwise static reports. The technique is commonly called drill-down functionality. Previously, we described how to distribute financial reports throughout an organization electronically rather than on paper (see "Financial Reports in a Snap," JofA, Apr. 00, page 31). Once freed from the paper medium, reports also can become dynamic and interactive. This article demonstrates how to achieve drill-down functionality by creating an interactive selling, general and administrative (SGA exporting as a comma-delimited flat file works well. The minimum fields you need to export are month, department number, account number, account description, transaction description and transaction amount. Import this file into an Access table to which you keep appending the current month's data. The table should contain all the fields you export from the general ledger. …

Field of study: Business
Die grasperk van die Overberg : MPO aktueel

Uitstekende vordering is sedert Maart vanjaar met die Elimmelkeryprojek in die Wes-Kaap gemaak. Die projek staan onder die leiding van 'n komitee bestaande uit strategiese vennote en funksioneer onder die voorsitterskap van die Melkprodusente-organisasie (MPO) Wes-Kaap. The Dairy Mail het gaan ondersoek instel.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Involvement of phytochrome A in suppression of photomorphogenesis in rice seedling grown in red light.

Plants have evolved a remarkable capacity to track and respond to fluctuations of light quality and intensity that influence photomorphogenesis facilitated through several photoreceptors, which include a small family of phytochromes. Rice seedlings grown on germination paper in red light for 48 h having their shoot bottom exposed had suppressed photomorphogenesis and were deficient in chlorophyll. Seedlings grown under identical light regime having their shoot bottom covered were green and accumulated chlorophyll. Further, etiolated seedlings with their shoot bottom exposed, when grown in 4 min red/far-red cycles for 48 h, accumulated chlorophyll demonstrating the reversal of suppression of photomorphogenesis by far-red light. It implicates the involvement of phytochrome. Immunoblot analysis showed the persistence of photolabile phytochrome A protein for 48 h in seedlings grown in red light with their shoot bottom exposed, suggesting its involvement in suppression of photomorphogenesis. This was further corroborated in phyA seedlings that turned green when grown in red light having their shoot bottom exposed. Calmodulin (CaM) antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulphonamide or trifluoperazine substantially restored photomorphogenesis both in the wild type (WT) and phyA demonstrating the involvement of CaM-dependent kinases in the down-regulation of the greening process. Results demonstrate that red light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis, perceived in the shoot bottom, is a red high irradiance response of PhyA.

Field of study: Environmental science
Health outcomes and infectious disease control.

With the development of improved health systems, antibiotics and vaccines throughout the 20th century, the prospects of control of infectious diseases improved. During the same time-frame, an approach to disease control was developed which used the health outcomes resulting from various interventions to choose, guide and modify those interventions. Despite these major advances in the control of diseases, infectious diseases have (with occasional exceptions) not only continued to occur but in many instances the situation had deteriorated with the emergence and re-emergence in recent years of a range of infectious diseases. In this paper we consider why infectious disease control has not benefited from the move towards a health outcomes approach, why infectious disease control might benefit from such a move, and the differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases when considering health outcomes. We follow-up with some practical approaches to the use of health outcomes. We argue that appropriate use of health outcomes when planning and evaluating infectious disease control programs will improve human health.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Factor Models for High-Dimensional Tensor Time Series

Large tensor (multi-dimensional array) data are now routinely collected in a wide range of applications, due to modern data collection capabilities. Often such observations are taken over time, forming tensor time series. In this paper we present a factor model approach for analyzing high-dimensional dynamic tensor time series and multi-category dynamic transport networks. Two estimation procedures along with their theoretical properties and simulation results are presented. Two applications are used to illustrate the model and its interpretations.

Field of study: Mathematics
Testosterone influences spatial cognition in older men.

Testosterone plays a role in the organization of behavior during development. The authors examined whether testosterone could play a maintenance role in behavior as well. In a double-blind manner, verbal and visual memory, spatial cognition, motor speed, cognitive flexibility, and mood in a group of healthy older men who were supplemented for 3 months with testosterone were assessed. The increase in testosterone levels to 150% of baseline levels resulted in a significant enhancement of spatial cognition, but no change in any other cognitive domain was found. Testosterone supplementation influenced the endogenous production of estradiol, and estradiol was found to have an inverse relationship to spatial cognitive performance. These results suggest that testosterone supplementation can modify spatial cognition in older men; however, it is likely that this occurs through testosterone's influence on estrogen.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO FÍSICO, BASEADO EM AVALIAÇÃO ERGOESPIROMÉTRICA, NA CAPACIDADE AERÓBIA DE ATLETAS DE VOLEIBOL - TREINAMENTO FÍSICO EM VOLEIBOLISTAS

The prescription of the exercise training intensity based on ventilatory thresholds, determined by ergoespirometric evaluations, has been very useful for athletes. The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of a short period of exercise training, based on the ventilatory thresholds on physical capacity of volleyball players. Six male volleyball players (25±4 years) were studied during the competitive phase of the State Championship. The players were submitted to two maximal ergoespirometric evaluations on the treadmill with a three-month interval. In this period, the aerobic training was performed with an intensity between the anaerobic threshold and the respiratory compensation point, and the anaerobic training on an intensity above the respiratory compensation point. Exercise training caused a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (48.6±3.0 vs. 51.0±3.0 ml.kg -1 .min -1 , p < 0.05), but without significant alteration in maximal power, maximal heart rate and maximal ventilation. The values of oxygen uptake and heart rate, in which the ventilatory thresholds were achieved, tended to be higher after exercise training. In conclusion, a short period of three months of exercise training based on the ventilatory thresholds is effective in increasing the maximal oxygen uptake in volleyball players and tends to increase the ventilatory thresholds.

Field of study: Education
A reaction–diffusion malaria model with incubation period in the vector population

Malaria is one of the most important parasitic infections in humans and more than two billion people are at risk every year. To understand how the spatial heterogeneity and extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of the parasite within the mosquito affect the dynamics of malaria epidemiology, we propose a nonlocal and time-delayed reaction–diffusion model. We then define the basic reproduction ratio $${\mathcal{R}_0}$$ and show that $${\mathcal{R}_0}$$ serves as a threshold parameter that predicts whether malaria will spread. Furthermore, a sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee that the disease will stabilize at a positive steady state eventually in the case where all the parameters are spatially independent. Numerically, we show that the use of the spatially averaged system may highly underestimate the malaria risk. The spatially heterogeneous framework in this paper can be used to design the spatial allocation of control resources.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Archean volcanism and sedimentation in the Bousquet gold district, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec: Implications for stratigraphy and gold concentration

Research on the nature and distribution of Archean rock types in the Bousquet gold district, Abitibi, Quebec, provides new constraints on deposition, stratigraphy, and gold concentration. Facies changes and textures indicate that within the Blake River Group of the district, basalt to the east is more proximal to an eruptive center which shoaled upward, andesite was deposited in relatively shallow subaqeuous conditions as pyroclastic flow deposits and turbidites around volcanic complexes formed on the basalt eruptive center, and dacite accumulated as lava which erupted into a very shallow subaqueous setting. Turbidites in the Kewagama and Cadillac groups originated from the volcanic complexes and accumulated in the form of subaqueous fans, whereas those in the Pontiac Group are from an unknown source and accumulated on an abyssal plain. In this context, the Cadillac-Larder break formed initially as a low-angle normal fault zone. Field relations and petrography of the rocks in the district indicate that the stratigraphic section consists of generally well preserved and largely informable rock units. Opposing stratigraphic tops in the volcanic rocks of the Blake River and Piche groups suggest that they could be correlatives disposed on opposite limbs of a regional-scale syncline, the axial plane of which passes through the Cadillac Group. Accordingly, the rocks of the Blake River, Piche, and Cadillac groups may be part of a vast, largely subsided and reworked volcanic complex. The shallow subaqueous depositional environment of the andesite and dacite in the Blake River Group could have economic significance because boiling of hydrothermal fluid may have contributed to the concentration of gold in the Bousquet gold district.

Field of study: Geology
Piezoelectric Transducer Diagnostics via Linear Reciprocity for Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring

Guided waves using spatially distributed piezoelectric transducers are being applied to many structural health monitoring applications. These surface-mounted transducers, which are typically lead zirconate titanate, are generally assumed to be both undamaged and properly bonded to the host structure during usage. However, this assumption may not be valid, particularly after long-term operation under realistic environmental conditions. The transducer integrity becomes even more critical for aerospace applications because of the inevitably harsh operational conditions. In this study, a methodology for piezoelectric transducer diagnosis is developed to identify both damaged and poorly bonded transducers by quantifying the degree of signal reciprocity for guided waves propagating between pairs of surface-mounted transducers. The proposed method does not require direct comparison of signals to baselines, and it is independent of structural complexities such as geometrical features and boundaries. The method is also insensitive to environmental and operational conditions, such as temperature and applied loads, and is therefore not susceptible to false alarms caused by such variations. The efficacy of the proposed diagnostic technique is evaluated via two-dimensional simulations followed by experiments under varying environmental and operational conditions for piezoelectric transducers mounted on an aluminum plate.

Field of study: Physics
Research Progress and Application of Ion Funnel Technique

Ion funnel is a new-style ion guider which can reduce spatial divergence and energy dispersity of the transmission ions by using radio frequency (RF) electric field to confine the ions radially and the direct current (DC) axial electric field to move the ions toward the exit, and thus it can greatly increase the ion transmission efficiency and improve the sensitivity of the mass spectrometry. Since ion funnel was invented in 1997, it has attracted a close attention of mass spectrometry scientists all over the world. Ion funnel has been used in various kinds of mass spectrometry, and built a bridge with high efficiency ion transmission between low vacuum ionization source and high vacuum mass analyzer. In this paper, the principle, technology development, and application progress of ion funnel are reviewed, and the future prospects are prospected.

Field of study: Chemistry
Deletion mutants of human interleukin 1 beta with significantly reduced agonist properties: search for the agonist/antagonist switch in ligands to the interleukin 1 receptors.

The existence of an endogenous high affinity interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) suggests that this molecule lacks some structural motif(s) which are present in the closely homologous agonist interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and which serve as the 'agonist switch' causing signal transduction by the agonist-receptor complex. The primary sequence alignment of IL-1 beta and IL-1ra sequences from different species reveals a six amino acid long motif that is quasi conserved among IL-1 beta sequences, but is missing from the IL-1ra sequences. The three-dimensional structure of human IL-1 beta was used as a template for building structural models of deletion mutants (delta SND 52-54 and delta EESNDK 50-55) using molecular graphics. These models indicated that the middle three residues SND 52-54 from the EESNDK 50-55 loop may be deleted without causing major changes in the tertiary structure of the mutant as compared to that of IL-1 beta. Residues SND 52-54 from the above loop were deleted. When compared with IL-1 beta the IL-1 beta-delta SND analog (delta SND 52-54) binds with the same affinity to type 2 IL-1 receptor but with a more than 10-fold lower affinity to type 1 IL-1 receptor. Despite of this small decrease in affinity at the type 1 receptor the delta SND 52-54 has a 1000-fold lower biological activity than IL-1 beta when tested in a thymocyte activating factor assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Field of study: Medicine
In Search of "the Jew" in Djuna Barnes's Nightwood: Jewishness, Antisemitism, Structure, and Style

This essay examines Djuna Barnes's transformation of the figure of the Jew in Nightwood from a racial and religious category into a narratological category. I argue that this transformation loosens Jewishness from Nightwood's actual Jewish characters, establishing a paradoxical equivalence between the statements "Jewishness is everywhere" and "Jews are nowhere," a paradox that is crucial to the structure of Nightwood itself. Drawing on letters that Barnes wrote to her friend and fellow writer, Emily Coleman, I show how this alteration reflects a complex convergence between essentialist and anti-essentialist conceptions of Jews in Barnes's work, and in modernism more generally.

Field of study: Art
Neonatal bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination inhibits de novo allergic inflammatory response in mice via alteration of CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cells

The hygiene hypothesis suggests a lack of bacterial infections would favor the development of allergic diseases. Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infection can inhibit allergen-induced asthma reactions, but the underlying mechanism of this infection on the immunological responses is unclear. T-regulatory (Treg) cells are thought to play a role as a crucial immunoregulatory cells that are capable of regulating adaptive immune responses. We conducted this study to investigate whether the protective effect of the BCG vaccination on allergic pulmonary inflammation is associated with the alteration of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in a murine asthma model and the mechanisms of Treg cells.Newborn C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated 3 times with BCG on d 0, 7, and 14 and subsequently sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Eosinophil infiltration was investigated. The frequencies of spleen CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and the expression of specific transcriptional factor Foxp3 were assayed. The cytotoxic lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 expression and cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels were measured.We showed that treatment of mice with BCG inhibited de novo allergic inflammatory response in a mouse model of asthma. BCG treatments are associated with the increase of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and Foxp3 expression, accompanied by an increased CTLA-4 expression and cytokine IL-10 and TGF-β levels (P<0.05).Conclusion:Neonatal BCG vaccinations ameliorate de novo local eosinophilic inflammation induced by allergen and increase the numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and Foxp3 expression. The cell–cell contact inhibition and regulatory cytokine production may be involved in the regulatory mechanism.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine