nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the tribological characteristic of vane–roller interface of HC290 rotary compressor with mineral oil

As a natural refrigerant, HC290 is considered as an excellent long-term alternative refrigerant applied in room air-conditioners (RAC). In this paper, the experimental study on tribological characteristics of the vane–roller friction pair in HC290 rotary compressors was carried out and friction coefficients and wear depths were measured under the pure HC290 atmosphere, pure mineral oil and HC290/mineral oil mixture environment, respectively. In order to obtain the experimental conditions as close as possible to the actual operating conditions of a HC290 rotary compressor, the mass-produced vanes and rollers were adopted, and all tests were performed with a high-pressure tribometer under various sliding speeds, loads and temperatures which were set to simulate the different actual operating conditions of rotary compressors. Furthermore, the scuffing tests were performed and the Scanning Electron Microscopic has been used to investigate morphological changes occurred after test. The experiment results with the HC290/mineral oil mixture showed that better anti-scuffing ability but a higher friction coefficient of vane–roller interface were acquired compared to HFC410A/polyolester. The results obtained here may provide some guides for further investigations on tribological characteristics of the vane–roller interface of HC290 rotary compressors.

Field of study: Engineering
Genomic prediction in an admixed population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Reliability of genomic selection (GS) models was tested in an admixed population of Atlantic salmon, originating from crossing of several wild subpopulations. The models included ordinary genomic BLUP models (GBLUP), using genome-wide SNP markers of varying densities (1–220 k), a genomic identity-by-descent model (IBD-GS), using linkage analysis of sparse genome-wide markers, as well as a classical pedigree-based model. Reliabilities of the models were compared through 5-fold cross-validation. The traits studied were salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) resistance (LR), measured as (log) density on the skin and fillet color (FC), with respective estimated heritabilities of 0.14 and 0.43. All genomic models outperformed the classical pedigree-based model, for both traits and at all marker densities. However, the relative improvement differed considerably between traits, models and marker densities. For the highly heritable FC, the IBD-GS had similar reliability as GBLUP at high marker densities (>22 k). In contrast, for the lowly heritable LR, IBD-GS was clearly inferior to GBLUP, irrespective of marker density. Hence, GBLUP was robust to marker density for the lowly heritable LR, but sensitive to marker density for the highly heritable FC. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by historical admixture of different founder populations, expected to reduce short-range lice density (LD) and induce long-range LD. The relative importance of LD/relationship information is expected to decrease/increase with increasing heritability of the trait. Still, using the ordinary GBLUP, the typical long-range LD of an admixed population may be effectively captured by sparse markers, while efficient utilization of relationship information may require denser markers (e.g., 22 k or more).

Field of study: Biology
Fast cation conductivity by percolation in alkali sulfate compositions

The results of ac electrical conductivity measurements on the compounds Na 2 SO 4 , Ag 2 SO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 and LiNaSO 4 incorporating the isovalent guest ions WO 2 2− , MoO 4 2− , Rb + , K + or the aliovalent guest ions SiO 4 4− , Cd 2+ , Gd 3+ in their respective sublattices are presented. In all cases, except K + , an increase in cation conductivity was observed. The higher cation conductivity is attributed to lattice expansion and/or incorporation of ion vacancies by guest ion presence and structural transformation. The results are interpreted in terms of a percolation-type transport mechanism and cannot be reconciled to the proposed anion-rotation “paddle-wheel” mechanism.

Field of study: Materials science
ATITUDES DE GRADUANDOS EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO CEFID EM FACE DA INCLUSÃO DE PESSOAS COM NECESSIDADES EDUCACIONAIS ESPECIAIS

The increase in life expectancy has a direct effect on the functional and muscular capacity. With the aging it is lost 2.3 kg of muscle, The aim of this study was to verify the attitudes of physical education undergraduate students from the institution named Centro de Educacao Fisica, Fisioterapia e Desportos (CEFID) concerning the inclusion of people with special educational needs in regular teaching. This is a descriptive-exploratory study. A hundred and twenty five physical education students from CEFID, enrolled on the fifth and eighth semesters, took part in this research. Sanchez & Alonso’s (1985) questionnaire on attitudes was used for data collecting, embracing 30 items, each one of them with 5 alternatives, like “Likert” technique, varying from “complete disagreement” to “complete agreement”. 86.4% of the academics showed a positive attitude concerning the inclusion. However, it can be concluded that there is a need of providing experience and knowledge of the deficiencies to the academics, so that they can act in an inclusive way.

Field of study: Education
Quantum Confined Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid in MoSe2 Twin Domain Boundaries

There have been conflicting reports on the electronic properties of twin domain boundaries (DBs) in MoSe2 monolayer, including the quantum well states, charge density wave, and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL). Here we employ low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy to reveal both the quantum confinement effect and signatures of TLL in the one-dimensional DBs. The data do not support the CDW at temperatures down to ~5 K.

Field of study: Physics
Private and public patients in public hospitals in Australia.

The nature of the private-public mix in health insurance and in health care is a major issue in most health systems.



To compare the hospitalization characteristics of private and public patients hospitalized in public hospitals.



We focused on planned, overnight and same-day admissions, discharged during 2004-2005 from the public New South Wales hospitals, and run fixed-effects regressions in order to identify the effect of accommodation status (private/public) on the hospitalization characteristics.



Private patients have one third less waiting days than public patients, and they are assigned higher urgency of admission. Length of stay and length of visit are both unrelated to the accommodation status, however, private patients tend to have more hours in ICU and more procedures performed during the hospitalization. In-hospital mortality and the number of transfers (wards) are not affected by the accommodation status.



Private patients are treated differently than public patients in public hospitals, reinforcing the private health insurance-related inequity in inpatient care identified by others. Two health policy issues emerge from the findings: the role of private health insurance in the Australian socialized medicine system, and in particular, in the public hospitals; and the way public hospitals are reimbursed for private patients.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Zur Theorie der Elektronen-Plasmaschwingungen

ZusammenfassungEs wird gezeigt, wie man durch eine Verbindung der Potentialgleichung und der Bewegungsgleichung entweder mit der Kontinuitätsgleichung für die Elektronenströmung oder mit dem Ansatz für den aus Verschiebungsstrom und Konvektionsstrom bestehenden Gesamtstrom zu der Langmuirschen Schwingungsgleichung der Plasmaelektronen kommt, wie diese beiden Betrachtungsweisen miteinander zusammenhängen, und daß sie vollkommen äquivalent sind.

Field of study: Physics
The long-term prognosis of nephropathy in operated reflux.

To investigate the postoperative long-term prognosis and the factors predicting the renal function of patients with reflux nephropathy. As the serum creatinine (s-Cr) level tends to increase during infancy, the degree of reflux and renal parenchymal damage are thought to be more important factors in pediatric patients than in older patients.



This study examined s-Cr, urinary protein, and blood pressure of patients who underwent anti-reflux surgery 10 years before. It also calculated the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and examined the correlation between the eGFR and preoperative factors (age, gender, number of urinary tract infections [UTIs], primary diagnosis, reflux grade, percentage of dimercaptosuccinic acid uptake, degree of renal parenchymal damage, s-Cr abnormality, proteinuria, and hypertension), and analyzed the factors associated with the long-term prognosis.



The study population was 51 infants (37 boys and 14 girls). The mean age of the patients before surgery and at the follow-up examination was 3.41 ± 3.61 and 14.63 ± 3.74 years, respectively. After surgery, the s-Cr, urinary protein, and blood pressure values showed (44.7%, 26.7%, and 18.2%, respectively) were abnormal. The postoperative eGFR was a mean 90.27 ± 20.42 ml/min/1.73 m2 and primary correlated with an older age (P = 0.0361), no UTI at the primary diagnosis (P = 0.0044), reflux grade ≥8 (P = 0.0180), degree of renal parenchymal damage (group ≥2b, P < 0.0001), s-Cr abnormality (P < 0.0001), and proteinuria (P = 0.0001) at baseline. A total of 20 patients had chronic kidney disease (CKD; . The multiple regression analysis of these factors revealed that an older age (P = 0.0021), reflux grade ≥8 (P = 0.0134), and degree of renal parenchymal damage (group ≥2b, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with the long-term postoperative prognosis of reflux nephropathy. Using these three factors, this study derived a multiple regression equation estimating eGFR in the 10th year after surgery .



In this study, severe vesico-ureteral reflux (reflux grade ≥8) and severe renal parenchymal damage (group ≥2b) were associated with a long-term decrease in the eGFR. In particular, renal parenchymal damage was closely correlated with the postoperative eGFR; thus, this was clearly a critical factor. The age at surgery showed a better correlation with the postoperative eGFR in the multiple regression analysis; thus, age was regarded as an independent prognostic factor.



The age, reflux grade, and degree of renal parenchymal damage at baseline were factors that affected the long-term postoperative prognosis of reflux nephropathy. Patients with high-grade reflux and severe renal parenchymal damage were more likely to show a reduced CKD level at 10 years after anti-reflux surgery.

Field of study: Medicine
Transcontinental crustal sections of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent areas

Transcontinental sections of the earth's crust and Upper Mantle from the Kuril Islands to the Carpathians, and along other principal directions, in all about 15 000 km long, show the following features:(1) The depth of an asthenosphere horizon agrees well with the position of a high-conductivity layer in the Upper Mantle.(2) Hypocenters of earthquakes are located in fault zones. In the zone of the Kuril Island arc, they plunge into the Upper Mantle to depths of hundreds of kilometers, dipping towards the continent.(3) Boundary velocities along the Mohorovicic discontinuity are not dependent on its depth, for they are always in the range 8.0–8.2 km/s; velocities within the crust are correlated with the depths of layers; in the roots of high mountains a layer of 7.5–7.8 km/s has been distinguished near the base of the crust.(3) The crustal thickness in folded areas is in a certain accordance with the altitude of the surface of the earth's solid cover, with Bouguer anomalies and amplitudes of neotectonic mov...

Field of study: Environmental science
Systemic aspects of biological evolution.

In recent years molecular mechanisms and natural strategies have been explored that spontaneously generate genetic variations at low rates without seriously affecting genetic stability at the level of populations. Thereby acquired knowledge suggests systemic aspects of evolutionary interdependences both in the past and in future evolutionary developments. The natural strategy of DNA acquisition by horizontal gene transfer interconnects different branches of the tree of evolution at random times. This makes in principle the entire global gene pool of the biosphere available to any kinds of living beings for their further evolutionary development. The relevance of this knowledge for risk assessments of genetically engineered organisms is discussed.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Sizes and Kinematics of Extended Narrow-line Regions in Luminous Obscured AGN Selected by Broadband Images

To study the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on the galactic ISM, we present Magellan long-slit spectroscopy of 12 luminous nearby type 2 AGN (L_bol~10^{45.0-46.5} erg/s, z~0.1). These objects are selected from a parent sample of spectroscopically identified AGN to have high [OIII]{\lambda}5007 and WISE mid-IR luminosities and extended emission in the SDSS r-band images, suggesting the presence of extended [OIII]{\lambda}5007 emission. We find spatially resolved [OIII] emission (2-35 kpc from the nucleus) in 8 out of 12 of these objects. Combined with samples of higher luminosity type 2 AGN, we confirm that the size of the narrow-line region (R_NLR) scales with the mid-IR luminosity until the relation flattens at ~10 kpc. Nine out of 12 objects in our sample have regions with broad [OIII] linewidths (w_80>600 km/s), indicating outflows. We define these regions as the kinematically-disturbed region (KDR). The size of the KDR (R_KDR) is typically smaller than R_NLR by few kpc but also correlates strongly with the AGN mid-IR luminosity. Given the unknown density in the gas, we derive a wide range in the energy efficiency {\eta}=dot{E}/L_bol=0.01%-30%. We find no evidence for an AGN luminosity threshold below which outflows are not launched. To explain the sizes, velocity profiles, and high occurrence rates of the outflows in the most luminous AGN, we propose a scenario in which energy-conserving outflows are driven by AGN episodes with ~10^8-year durations. Within each episode the AGN flickers on shorter timescales, with a cadence of ~10^6 year active phases separated by ~10^7 years.

Field of study: Physics
Decreasing Shear Stresses of the Solder Joints for Mechanical and Thermal Loads by Topological Optimization

A methodology for obtaining the optimal structure and distribution for the gradient properties of a material in order to reduce the stress level in a soldered joint was constructed. The developed methodology was based on a combination of topological optimization methods (the moving asymptotes method) and the finite elements method; it was first implemented to solve problems of optimizing soldered joints. Using the proposed methodology, a number of problems were solved, allowing one to obtain optimal structural characteristics, in which a decrease in stress is revealed. Designing compounds using this technique will provide more robust designs. The proposed technique can be applied to a wide class of practical problems.

Field of study: Materials science
Prenatal cocaine exposure induces deficits in Pavlovian conditioning and sensory preconditioning among infant rat pups.

Offspring derived from Sprague-Dawley dams that received daily subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg.3 cc-1 cocaine hydrochloride (C40) or saline (LC) from Gestational Days 8-20 were tested for first-order Pavlovian conditioning and sensory preconditioning at Postnatal Days 8 (P8), P12, and P21. Although C40 dams gained significantly less weight than LC dams, pup body weights did not differ between the two groups. Significant sensory preconditioning was obtained at P8 and P12 (but not at P21) in LC offspring, confirming previous reports of decline in performance in this task during ontogeny. In contrast, C40 offspring failed to exhibit sensory preconditioning at any test age. In addition, C40 pups tested at P8 did not display significant first-order conditioning. Taken together these results suggest a more general deficit in cognitive functioning rather than a delay in cognitive development in prenatally cocaine-exposed offspring.

Field of study: Biology, Psychology
Palladium(0)‐ and Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Co‐Cyclization Reactions of Bicyclopropylidene with Alkenes

Bicyclopropylidene (1) readily undergoes a palladium(0)-catalyzed [3 + 2] co-cyclization with electron deficient alkenes (methyl acrylate, methyl trans-crotonate, methyl cinnamate and diethyl fumarate) as well as with some strained alkenes (norbornene, norbornadiene) by distal ring cleavage of one of the three-membered rings of 1. All these co-cyclizations are regioselective with respect to 1 as well as regio- and stereoselective with respect to the alkenes to give the corresponding 4-methylenespiro[2.4]heptane-trans-6-carboxylates 2a−5 with the electron deficient alkenes and the cycloadducts 6 and 7 with the strained alkenes in acceptable to good yields (56 to 83%). In contrast to palladium(0) catalysts nickel(0) complexes catalyze both distal ring opening of 1 and oxidative coupling of the two double bonds when 1 is reacted with e.g. diethyl fumarate. The result is a mixture of the methylenecyclopentane derivative 5 with the [2 + 2] cycloadduct 8 and the cotrimer 9.

Field of study: Chemistry
Energy efficient strategies for object tracking in sensor networks: A data mining approach

In recent years, a number of studies have been done on object tracking sensor networks (OTSNs) due to the wide applications. One important research issue in OTSNs is the energy saving strategy in considering the limited power of sensor nodes. The past studies on energy saving in OTSNs considered the object's movement behavior as randomness. In some real applications, however, the object movement behavior is often based on certain underlying events instead of randomness completely. In this paper, we propose a novel data mining algorithm named TMP-Mine with a special data structure named TMP-Tree for efficiently discovering the temporal movement patterns of objects in sensor networks. To our best knowledge, this is the first work on mining the movement patterns associated with time intervals in OTSNs. Moreover, we propose novel location prediction strategies that utilize the discovered temporal movement patterns so as to reduce the prediction errors for energy savings. Through empirical evaluation on various simulation conditions and real dataset, TMP-Mine and the proposed prediction strategies are shown to deliver excellent performance in terms of scalability, accuracy and energy efficiency.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
The Rio Principles and our responsibilities of ocean stewardship

The 1992 Rio Principles confirm the responsibilities of all countries to prevent damage outside their borders, to use the precautionary approach, to internalize environmental costs, to prepare environmental impact assessments with full public participation, and to consult with other affected countries whenever planned activities may cause harm to others. These Principles are primarily procedural, however, and they ignore the need to protect biodiversity and rare and fragile ecosystems, as well as the substantive ideas encompassed in the Public Trust Doctrine. Principle 13 chides nations for their reluctance to develop mechanisms to ensure liability and facilitate compensation for environmental damage caused to areas beyond national jurisdiction. Recent initiatives at the World Bank and through NAFTA provide useful examples of how environmental concerns can be incorporated into international decision making.

Field of study: Environmental science
Computing the partial volume of pressure vessels

The computation of the partial and total volume of pressure vessels with various type of head profiles requires detailed knowledge of the head profile geometry. Depending on the type of head profile the derivation of the equations can become very complex and the calculation process cumbersome. Certain head profiles require numerical methods to obtain the partial volume, which for most application is beyond the scope of practicability. This paper suggests a unique method that simplifies the calculation procedure for the various types of head profiles by using one common set of equations without the need for numerical or complex computation methods. For ease of use, all equations presented in this paper are summarized in a single table format for horizontal and vertical vessels.

Field of study: Engineering
The difference of immunology index between SARS patients of mild type and severe type

目的 研究免疫学指标在严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS)患者病程中的变化趋势及轻/重症患者各指标的差异. 方法收集1291例SARS患者的临床资料,建立病历数据库,记录轻症及重症患者发病1～5周各周的白细胞(WBC)计数,淋巴细胞计数,CD3+、CD4+及CD8+ T淋巴细胞绝对值,C3、C4、血沉(ESR)及C反应蛋白(CRP)等数据,研究各免疫学及炎性指标在轻/重症SARS患者中的不同及意义. 结果 SARS患者的淋巴细胞数、CD8+ T细胞绝对值在发病初期即达到最低值,随病程的进展缓慢回升,CRP、C4在发病初期即维持较高水平,随时间的进展缓慢下降,重症患者淋巴细胞水平及CD8+ T细胞绝对值明显低于轻症患者(P<0.01),而CRP、C4水平明显高于轻症患者(P<0.01). 结论淋巴细胞,CD8+ T细胞绝对值及CRP、C4等免疫炎性指标均可作为评价病情轻重及变化的基本指标用于指导临床诊断及治疗。

Field of study: Biology
TH-F-209-00: Pitfalls: Reliability and Performance of Diagnostic X-Ray Sources.

Performance and reliability of medical X-ray tubes for imaging are crucial from an ethical, clinical and economic perspective. This lecture will deliver insight into the aspects to consider during the decision making process to invest in X-ray imaging equipment. Outdated metric still hampers realistic product comparison. It is time to change this and to comply with latest standards, which consider current technology. Failure modes and ways to avoid down-time of the equipment shall be discussed. In view of the increasing number of interventional procedures and the hazards associated with ionizing radiation, toxic contrast agents, and the combination thereof, the aspect of system reliability is of paramount importance.



A comprehensive picture of trends for different modalities (CT, angiography, general radiology) has been drawn and led to the development of novel X-ray tube technology.



Recent X-ray tubes feature enhanced reliability and unprecedented performance. Relevant metrics for product comparison still have to be implemented in practice.



The speed of scientific and industrial development of new diagnostic and therapeutic X-ray sources remains tremendous. Still, users suffer from gaps between desire and reality in day-to-day diagnostic routine. X-ray sources are still limiting cutting-edge medical procedures. Side-effects of wear and tear, limitations of the clinical work flow, costs, the characteristics of the X-ray spectrum and others topics need to be further addressed. New applications and modalities, like detection-based color-resolved X-ray and phase-contrast / dark-field imaging will impact the course of new developments of X-ray sources.



1. Understand the basic requirements on medical diagnostic X-ray sources per modality 2. Learn to select the optimal equipment employing state-of-the-art metric 3. Know causes of failures, depending on the way X-ray sources are operated 4. Understand methods to remediate critical situations 5. Understand the meaning of different warranty models I am employee of Royal Philips; R. Behling, No external funding. I am employee of Royal Philips.

Field of study: Medicine, Physics
Bifurcation from a limit cycle in a two predator-one prey ecosystem modeled on a chemostat

A three dimensional system of ordinary differential equations modeling two predators competing for a renewable resource is analyzed and a periodic solution established in the open octant by a bifurcation from a two dimensional limit cycle. The basis equations are similar to those of the chemostat. This result confirms numerical evidence from [7], partially answering a question raised there.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics