nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Card Check or Mandatory Representation Vote? How the Type of Union Recognition Procedure Affects Union Certification Success

Cross-section time-series analysis of nine Canadian jurisdictions over nineteen years is used to identify the effect of mandatory votes/card check on certification success. The results indicate that mandatory votes reduce certification success rates by approximately 9 percentage points below what they would have been under card check. This result is robust across specifications and significant at above the 99% confidence level.

Field of study: Economics
Modeling Nonlinear Optical Processes in a Periodically Poled Nonlinear Crystal

Three nondegenerate processes are considered: the parametric and simultaneous generation of sum frequencies in a periodically poled nonlinear crystal. The behavior of the average number of photons of interacting modes and their mutual correlations of orders 3, 4, and 5 are studied numerically. A new effect of inversion of the mutual correlation of the modes of the generated radiation is observed at certain length of interaction.

Field of study: Physics
Clustering Based Bidding Price Ratio Recommendation Approach in Civil Engineering

Bidding price ratio (BPR) is the ratio of the bidding price to the allocated budget, which its magnitude influences tender award probability and project execution risk. In view of this, this study performed statistical analysis on 66,932 tendered civil engineering projects in Taiwan from year 2010 to 2016. Crucial information fields were extracted and analyzed with data mining approaches, namely k-means and two-step data clustering methods. This is to investigate the bidding price ratio clustering characteristics of the tendered projects under different bidder amount. This study also implemented C5.0 method to evaluate influence factors among data clusters and their corresponding decision tree rules. Outcomes from this study may serve as references to the bidders during decision making of tender submission.

Field of study: Engineering
Ausbildung und Fauna der mesozoischen Ablagerungen in der andinen Geosynklinale im Bereich der argentinischen Kordillere

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Field of study: Environmental science
Localization of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform PMCA3 in rat cerebellum, choroid plexus and hippocampus.

mRNA encoding rat plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform PMCA3 was localized in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum and in choroid plexus by in situ hybridization with an 35S-labelled oligodeoxynucleotide probe. In order to examine whether this isoform is expressed as a protein in brain, polyclonal antibodies were raised against a peptide corresponding to a C-terminal 18 amino acid sequence of PMCA3 which had been conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Using immunoblot analysis with affinity-purified antibodies, PMCA3 protein was found in rat brain microsomes and cultured neurons. The translated protein had an observed molecular mass of approximately 135 kDa, as predicted from molecular cloning studies. The pattern of localization of PMCA3 in brain using anti-peptide antibodies was consistent with findings from in situ hybridization. PMCA3-like immunoreactive sites were found in the granule cell and molecular layers of rat cerebellum and in choroid plexus, and the pattern of staining suggests that immunoreactive sites are associated with granule cell processes. This conclusion was supported by the finding that growth-associated protein-43, a protein known to be present in axons and nerve terminals, had a pattern of distribution similar to PMCA3 in the molecular layer of cerebellum. Very low levels of PMCA3-like immunoreactivity were associated with Purkinje cell soma or processes, consistent with the low levels of PMCA3 mRNA found in these neurons. PMCA3-like immunoreactivity was lower in hippocampus than in cerebellum; hippocampal CA1 region immunoreactivity was primarily associated with dendritic fields rather than with pyramidal cell bodies. The results demonstrate that a PMCA3-like protein is expressed in neurons of rat brain and is localized primarily in cell processes.

Field of study: Biology
High proton mobility in hydrogenated yttrium-barium cuprate with both normal and increased oxygen content (H2m + hBa2YCu3O6.5m + d'm = 0; 1; 2, h≥ O, d ≤ 1)

The two-step procedure for preparing yttrium-barium cuprates described by the general formula H 2m + h Ba 2 YCu 3 O 6.5 + m+d' ( m = 0; 1; 2, h ≥ O , d ≤ l ), is considered. The kinetic of hydrogen charging Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7 and the oxidation of hydrogenated samples is described. The proton migration in the bulk and hydrogen exchange with a gaseous phase have been studied by the isotope exchange method. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen at 470 K is estimated to be 10 − 8 cm 2 s − 1

Field of study: Materials science
An assessment of the optimal air-side thermal-hydraulic performance of wavy-fin compact heat exchangers

An optimal assessment of heat transfer and friction power performance is investigated to address a robust method for facilitating performance evaluation of different wavy-fin arrangements. Two benchmark geometries are presented to compare the performance of all the reported wavy-fin arrangements with and without considering heat exchanger compactness. New 21 wavy-fin geometries are numerically studied to represent the unreported arrangements in the literature. The performance results of 105 geometries showed that the reference standard geometries of Kays and London could be used as benchmarks to evaluate the airside arrangements, with and without considering the compactness effect, respectively. Heat transfers versus friction power plots are found to be a useful approach for performance evaluation purpose. The surface GK2 is found to have the optimal thermal-hydraulic performance when comparing the heat exchanger compactness, whereas GI1 and GK1 might represent the geometries having optimal performances when neglecting the compactness importance.

Field of study: Engineering
Assessment of the efficiency of the local application of hemostatic drug Geprocel in the treatment of patients with deep burns

The work is based on the analysis of the treatment results of 35 patients with burn trauma (10 women and 25 men) aged 15 to 55 years who were treated in the burn department of Republican Scientific Centre of Urgent Medical Aid (RSCUMA) between 2017 and 2018. In this study, we report on the use of the hemostatic preparation Geprocel with an autodermoplasty on a wound after necroectomy with subsequent autodermoplasty in all cases contributed to the complete healing of donor sites for 7 days, and the complete engraftment of the skin autotransplant with full recovery of the defect by 12 days after surgery. This preliminary data suggests the potential role of Geprocel in the clinical management of burn treatment. The work is based on the analysis of the treatment results of 35 patients with burn trauma (10 women and 25 men) aged 15 to 55 years who were treated in the burn department of Republican Scientific Centre of Urgent Medical Aid (RSCUMA) between 2017 and 2018. In this study, we report on the use of the hemostatic preparation Geprocel with an autodermoplasty on a wound after necroectomy with subsequent autodermoplasty in all cases contributed to the complete healing of donor sites for 7 days, and the complete engraftment of the skin autotransplant with full recovery of the defect by 12 days after surgery. This preliminary data suggests the potential role of Geprocel in the clinical management of burn treatment.

Field of study: Medicine
A sixteen-country mobilization for sustainable fisheries in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) extending from Bissagos Island (Guinea Bissau) in the north to Cabinda (Angola) in the south defines the shared transboundary waters off the coast of western Africa, which embodies some of the major coastal upwelling sub-ecosystems of the world and is an important centre of marine biodiversity and marine food production. The GCLME is characterized by distinctive bathymetry, hydrography, chemistry, and trophodynamics and represents the number 28 Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) ranked among the most productive coastal and offshore waters in the world with rich fishery resources. However, over-exploitation of fisheries, pollution from domestic and industry sources, habitat destruction and poorly planned and managed coastal developments and near-shore activities are resulting in a rapid depletion of the rich fisheries resources and degradation of vulnerable coastal and offshore habitats putting the economies, productivity and health of the populace at risk. Recognizing the urgency of the fisheries decline and the environmental and socio-economic consequences for the region, the 16 countries bordering the ecosystem have mobilized complementary resources to the funding from the Global Environment Facility and United Nations Industrial Development Organization to implement priority management actions agreed in the preliminary Strategic Action Programme for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and restoration of degraded habitats for the advancement of the achievement of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg Plan of Implementation targets for recovery of fish stocks.

Field of study: Environmental science
Gentlemen Reformers in the Quaker City, 1870-1912

Philadelphia's municipal affairs in the Gilded Age, like those of many American cities, were mired in corruption. Election frauds, graft, and political jobbery were the order of the day. A succession of artful political leaders-J. Donald Cameron, James McManes, Matthew Quay, and Israel Durham were the most illustrious-ran the city in the interest of the Republican party and its financial backers. Although Philadelphians were characterized by Lincoln Steffens as contented with this corruption, in the late nineteenth century a modest band of genteel reformers in their midst mounted earnest campaigns to enthrone integrity at City Hall. Conspicuous among these reformers-derisively labeled "Mugwumps"-were members of the Society of Friends. The operations of boss rule clearly violated standards basic to the Quaker ethos. Some Friends were anxious to destroy the bosses' hold upon the municipal government. This impulse for political action would have borne more fruit had it not been for two significant inhibiting factors grounded in Quaker experience. The first of these was the Friends' tradition of avoiding active participation in politics; the second was their attachment to the Republican party. Unable to resolve the dilemmas posed by these traditions, the Quakers proved hesitant and ineffectual as political reformers and thereby contributed to the failure of the Mugwump movement in Philadelphia.

Field of study: Political science
Fingerprint retrieval by spatial modelling and distorted sample generation

In this study, the authors extend and refine the process of fingerprint retrieval, with the goal of boosting recognition rates for the first rank candidate and low penetration rates. On top of a baseline retrieval system which extracts Gabor features in multiple directions from fingerprint images, the authors propose spatial modelling techniques to generate artificial samples for training the system. Translational modelling, rotational modelling and distorted sample generation techniques are used to augment the original training set in order to boost the accuracy of fingerprint retrieval. The effectiveness of the models is evaluated using the well-known National Institute of Standards and Technology database 4. Experimental results, with reference to some leading fingerprint retrieval rates reported in the literature, confirm that the authors’ proposed system is promising in recognition performance.

Field of study: Computer science
Vortex core excitations in superconductors with frustrated antiferromagnetism

Motivated by recent discovery of cobalt oxide and organic superconductors, we apply an effective model with strong antiferromagnetic and superconducting pairing interaction to a related lattice structure. It is found that the antiferromagnetism is highly frustrated and a broken-time-reversal-symmetry chiral d + id′-wave pairing state prevails. In the mixed state, we have solved the local electronic structure near the vortex core and found no local induction of antiferromagnetism. This result is in striking contrast to the case of copper oxide superconductors. The calculated local density of states indicates the existence of low-lying quasiparticle bound states inside the vortex core, due to a fully gapped chiral pairing state. The prediction can be directly tested by scanning tunneling microscopy.

Field of study: Physics
Good Guest, Bad Guest: The Micro-Geographies of Violence in Urban Kenya

This article analyses the 2007–08 postelection violence in Kenya arguing that there were significant socio-spatial variations to the conflict in urban areas that can be better understood through an analysis of localised framing processes. It argues that, in some urban neighbourhoods, an underlying frame of autochthony is (re)produced through lived experience, facilitating the casting of ethnic others as either good or bad guests in times of political transition. The flawed elections of 2007 justified the violent eviction of ‘bad’ guests in these settings. This frame of autochthony, however, is absent in other urban neighbourhoods, and so these spaces remained relatively calm for the duration of the crisis. The article further argues that the flexibility of the good guest/bad guest frame enabled its reconfiguration at the local level, leading to variations in the fault lines of conflict across both time and space. It concludes that frame analysis can help to elucidate these micro-geographies of conflict.

Field of study: History, Sociology
Das Neokom in Polen und seine paläogeographische Bedeutung

ZusammenfassungDie geologische Geschichte Nordwest-Polens zur Zeit der unteren Kreide kann in allgemeinen Zügen folgenderma\en dargestellt werden:Gegen Ende des Jura, ungefähr zur Zeit des Münder Mergels, sind hier Bewegungen eingetreten, die das Land teilweise trockengelegt und der Denudation preisgegeben haben. In den durch die Bewegungen gebildeten Senken blieben Lagunen erhalten, deren einige brackisches Wasser führten, während in anderen durch Eindampfung Gipslager abgesetzt wurden. Der Serpulit brachte eine positive Meeresbewegung mit, die sich im Infravalanginian derart verstärkte, da\ sich seine Ablagerungen nicht nur in den alten Senken kontinuierlich auf dem Serpulit abgesetzt, sondern auch auf denudierte, früher gehobene Schollen transgressiv ausgebreitet haben. Die Infravalanginian-See war brackisch und hat in NW-Polen typische Wealdenablagerungen abgesetzt, bei Tomaszów aber, etwas südlicher, ist das Infravalangian zwar litoral, aber rein marin ausgebildet, wobei es viele ähnlichkeit mit dem Infravalangian der Teschener Karpathen aufweist. Die Wealdensee und das karpathische Meer waren durch einen Sund verbunden, der sich über Tomaszów längs dem Polnischen Mittelgebirge gegen die Karpathen hinzog. Im Valanginian erreicht die neokome Transgression ihren Höhepunkt, es werden dunkle Tone mit reicher Hilsfauna abgesetzt; wahrscheinlich hat sich diese Transgression von Ru\land über die Polesje-Schwelle und über das westliche Polen nach Deutschland und weiter bis nach Ost-England erstreckt. Das polnische Becken stand in direkter Verbindung mit dem nordwestdeutschen; es war ebenfalls, obwohl dürftiger, mit dem karpathischen Meere verbunden; gerade hier ist der Weg zu suchen, den die Migrationen der nördlichen Elemente ins alpine Becken eingeschlagen haben. Im oberen Valanginian fängt eine Regression an, die in Zentral-Ru\land einsetzt und zu dessen Trockenlegung und zum Abschlu\ der Verbindung des polnischen Beckens mit dem Osten führt. Mit dem Anfang des Hauterivians macht sich die Regression auch in Polen fühlbar und verursacht die Verflachung des Meeres in Polen sowie den Abbruch der Verbindung mit dem karpathischen Meere, in welchem von nun ab keine nordischen eingewanderten Faunenelemente mehr erscheinen. Im oberen Hauterivian zieht sich das Meer von Polen und NO-Deutschland zurück. Auf dem neuen Lande herrscht mächtige Denudation, deren gröbere Produkte sich als sehr mächtige Flu\- und Seesande anhäufen. Das Landstadium dauert während des ganzen BarrÊme, Apt und eines Teiles des Albians an, bis zum Anfang der gro\en Gault-Transgression, die wieder in die Senken vordringt.

Field of study: Environmental science
SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL 2-ADAMANTYL-5-ARYL-2 H -TETRAZOLES

The reaction of 5-aryl- NH -tetrazoles with adamantan-1-ol in concentrated sulfuric acid proceeds regioselectively with the formation of the corresponding 2-adamantyl-5-aryl-2 H -tetrazoles. Nitration of these compounds leads to 2-(adamantan-1-yl)-5-(3-nitroaryl)-2 H -tetrazoles. The structures and composition of the obtained novel 2-adamantyl-5-aryltetrazoles were proven by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and also by X-ray structural analysis. According to the simultaneous thermal analysis data, the obtained compounds are thermally stable up to a temperature of about 150°C. In vitro studies have shown that some of the 2-adamantyl-5-aryltetrazoles exhibit moderate inhibitory activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus. The antiviral selectivity index (SI) of 2-[2-(adamantan-1-yl)-2 H -tetrazol-5-yl]-6-bromo-4-nitroaniline is significantly higher (SI 11) than that of the reference drug rimantadine (SI 5).

Field of study: Chemistry
An Evaluation of the EPIC Model for Soybeans Grown in Southern Piedmont Soils

The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was designed to evaluate the loss of crop productivity due to soil erosion. EPIC uses information on weather, soils, nutrients, topography, and other site characteristics to estimate crop growth and yields. In this study, the EPIC model was applied to the problem of estimating soybean yields from the Southern Piedmont of Georgia. Measured yields from a two-year period with 24 farm fields per year were compared to predicted yields. The measured data included triplicated results from slight, moderate, and severe erosion class soils on each field. The model predicted correctly relative differences in crop yields between erosion classes and between years. However, the model tended to under predict for high yields and over predict for low yields. Within treatment variances were higher for the measured data than for the predicted data, indicating that the model did not represent the natural variability present in the data. The model was shown to be insensitive to certain soil variables which had been previously shown to be correlated to yields using the same data set as in this study, suggesting a possible avenue for improving soybean yield predictions for conditions in the Southern Piedmont.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF VISCOUS LAYERS IN OBLIQUE STRESS FIELDS

Alternating layers of soft viscous wax and asphalt were squeezed in various orientations within a constant-strain squeeze box. Compression produced folds and small wrinkles whose axial orientation is determined solely by the intersection of the plane normal to the direction of maximum shortening with the layer surface. Formation of folds in viscous materials appears to be a function of the strain rate.

Field of study: Geology
Compactons in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices with strong nonlinearity management.

The existence of compactons in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of fast periodic time modulations of the nonlinearity is demonstrated. In the averaged discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the resulting effective interwell tunneling depends on the modulation parameters and on the field amplitude. This introduces nonlinear dispersion in the system and can lead to a prototypical realization of single- or multisite stable discrete compactons in nonlinear optical waveguide and Bose-Einstein condensate arrays. These structures can dynamically arise out of Gaussian or compactly supported initial data.

Field of study: Physics
Strength-Cementitious Material-Water Relationship for Proportioning of Fly Ash-Based Concrete

Under identical conditions of mixing, curing, compaction, and testing, the relationship between the compressive strength of concrete (f c ) and water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) is critical to proportion a workable concrete mixture for specified target properties. The relationship between strength and w/cm is developed in the generic format for fly ash-based concrete involving nondimensional parameters; strength ratio (f c /f m ), and w/cm The f c /f m is the ratio of f c and compressive strength of the standard mortar (f m ). The standard mortar is proportioned with the cementitious material of the same composition and fine aggregates that will be used in the concrete mixture. The f m is tested following the standard procedure to test the compressive strength of cement. The hydration characteristics of cementitious materials are incorporated in the relation. The test results confirm the satisfactory performance of a new relation in proportioning a fly-ash-based concrete mixture.

Field of study: Materials science
Fredholm-Volterra integral equation with singular kernel

In this paper, under certain conditions, a series in the Legendre polynomials form is used to obtain the solution of Fredholm-Volterra integral equation of the second kind in L"2(-1,1)xC(0,T),T<~. The uniqueness of the solution is considered. The kernel of Fredholm integral term is established in a logarithmic form in position, while the kernel of Volterra integral term is a positive continuous function in time and belongs to the class C(0,T),T<~. The solution by series leads us to obtain an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, where the convergence of this system is studied. In the end of this paper, the Fredholm-Volterra integral equation of the first kind is established and its solution is discussed.

Field of study: Mathematics