nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Yield and Sugar Characteristics in Transgenic Sugarcane Mediated with SrMV-P_1 Gene from Sugarcane Mosaic Virus

Yield and sugar characteristics of transgenic sugarcane mediated with SrMV-P1 were evaluated for two years based on the pilot experiment of patented transgenic plants approved by National Safety Committee of Genetically Modified Organisms.The results showed that the resistance to ScMV was improved effectively in the transgenic sugarcane mediated with SrMV-P1 gene.ScMV incidences of all transgenic clones,which were investigated for 2 years,were 5% or less,significantly lower than the receptor cultivars(FN95-1702,CK1)and the transgenic clones mediated with only marker gene but without SrMV-P1 gene(P7,CK2).The transgenic sugarcane clone TF64 was not infected by SrMV virus.Besides,the characteristics of yield and sugar in six transgenic sugarcane were much better than those of CK1 and CK2.Furthermore,the results from the fuzzy comprehensive analysis also revealed that transgenic sugarcane clones,compared with FN95-1702 and the P7(CK1 and CK2),had great performance for two years.The transgenic sugarcane TF53 showed the highest yield and sugar contents.Compared to the controls(CK1 and CK2),the yield of TF53 was increased by 32.9%(CK1)and 46.3%(CK2),and sugar content in cane was increased by 2.1%(CK1)and 1.7%(CK2)(absolute value).The highest sugar content in cane was found in TF37 with 15.6%(absolute value).From all the above,we drew the conclusion that resistance of sugarcane mosaic virus could be improved by mediation of SrMV-P1 gene,and the corresponding yield and sugar content was higher than those of control(CK1 and CK2).

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Link between global cooling and mammalian transformation across the Eocene–Oligocene boundary in the continental interior of Asia

Evidence in the world’s ocean current system indicates an abrupt cooling from 34.1 to 33.6 Ma across the Eocene–Oligocene boundary at 33.9 Ma. The remarkable cooling period in the ocean, called the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT), is correlated with pronounced mammalian faunal replacement as shown in terrestrial fossil records. For the first time within Asia, a section is magnetostratigraphically dated that also produces mammalian fossils that span the Late Eocene—Early Oligocene transition. Three fossil assemblages revealed through the EOT (34.8, 33.7, and 30.4 Ma) demonstrate that perissodactyl faunas were abruptly replaced by rodent/lagomorph-dominant faunas during climate cooling, and that changes in mammalian communities were accelerated by aridification in central Asia. Three fossil assemblages (34.8, 33.7, and 30.4 Ma) within the north Junggar Basin (Burqin section) tied to this magnetostratigraphically dated section, reveal that perissodactyl faunas were abruptly replaced by rodent/lagomorph-dominant faunas during climate cooling, and that changes in mammalian communities were accelerated by aridification in central Asia. The biotic reorganization events described in the Burqin section are comparable to the Grande Coupure in Europe and the Mongolian Remodeling of mammalian communities. That is, the faunal transition was nearly simultaneous all over the world and mirrored global climatic changes with regional factors playing only a secondary role.

Field of study: Environmental science
Control of porosity and composition in large-area YBCO films to achieve micrometer thickness and high J/sub c/ on sapphire substrates

Relatively thick YBCO thin films (thickness d>0.5 /spl mu/m) ideal for fault current limiter as well as microwave applications have been successfully prepared by large-area pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on CeO/sub 2/-buffered sapphire substrates. The attainment of an unusually high film thickness (up to 2.0 /spl mu/m) without microcracking is attributed in part to the presence of pores correlated with yttrium-rich composition in the films. The effect of using YBCO targets with varied Y:Ba:Cu ratios on film porosity and surface morphology was investigated in detail. Using the optimum target composition, uniform critical current densities (J/sub c/) ranging from /spl sim/4.5 MA/cm/sup 2/ at d/spl sim/0.23 /spl mu/m to /spl sim/1.75 MA/cm/sup 2/ at d/spl sim/0.6 /spl mu/m have been achieved. Characterization of a film with d/spl sim/0.5 /spl mu/m showed low microwave surface resistance values [R/sub s/(77.3 K)/spl ap/2.09 m/spl Omega/ and R/sub s/(20 K)/spl ap/227 /spl mu//spl Omega/ at 22 GHz] comparable to the best YBCO films reported by other studies.

Field of study: Physics
Common psychiatric syndromes and pharmacologic treatments of traumatic brain injury

Psychiatric syndromes are common in patients with traumatic brain injury. Patients may develop typical disorders of mood, anxiety, or psychosis, in addition to changes in personality and cognition. The frequency of these syndromes and potential pharmacologic treatments for these psychiatric syndromes are just coming to light. There are, unfortunately, a dearth of placebo-controlled trials to guide treatment, although numerous treatments are suggested in the literature. This article reviews the existing studies of clinical syndromes related to brain injury and possible pharmacologic treatments.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Achieving Maximum Power in Thermoelectric Generation 
with Simple Power Electronics

A thermoelectric generator typically delivers a relatively low power output, and hence it is of great practical importance to determine a design and operating condition close to those which can provide the maximum attainable power. To maintain a favorable condition for the maximum power output, power electronics circuits are usually applied. One of the simplest methods is to control the operating voltage at half the open-circuit voltage, assuming that the typical impedance-matching condition, in which the load and internal resistances are matched, yields the maximum power output. However, recent investigations have shown that, when external thermal resistances exist between the thermoelectric modules and thermal reservoirs, the impedance-matching condition is not identical to the condition for the maximum power output. In this article, it is argued that, although the impedance-matching condition is not the condition for maximum power output, the maximum power is still achievable when the operating voltage is kept at half the open-circuit voltage. More precisely, it is shown that the typical V–I curve for thermoelectric generators must show approximately linear behavior, which justifies the use of a simple strategy in thermoelectric power generation applications. The conditions for the validity of the approximation are mathematically discussed, supported by a few examples. Experimental evidence at room temperature is also provided.

Field of study: Materials science
Hematological and histopathological changes in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes) exposed to clomazone herbicide in the Madre River, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil

This study evaluated the influence of the clomazone herbicide (2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) contamination on the hematological parameters and histological changes in gills and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) from Madre River, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Fish were collected between March 2010 and January 2012 at two different sites of the Madre River, one site receiving residual water (contaminated site) from rice culture (n = 49) and another that do not receive residual water (reference site) (n = 48). The herbicide clomazone analysis detected 3.40 ± 1.70 μg/L in the contaminated site and 1.1 ± 0.33 μg/L in the reference site. Fish from contaminated site showed increased (P < 0.05) number of monocytes suggesting the possible defense response as a result of chronic exposure to clomazone. On the other hand, no difference was found in the hematocrit percentage, red blood cell count, total thrombocyte number, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, and neutrophils number. Fish from both sites showed histopathological changes in gills and liver, possibly caused by chronic exposure to contamination. The influence of herbicide sub doses on fish health is also discussed.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
TlBr Gamma-Ray Spectrometers Using the Depth Sensitive Single Polarity Charge Sensing Technique

Pixellated thallium bromide (TlBr) gamma-ray spectrometers were fabricated and evaluated with the depth sensitive single polarity charge sensing technique. The detectors exhibited energy resolutions of 2.22%, 1.22% and 1.11% for 356 keV, 662 keV and 1.33 MeV, respectively, at room temperature. Direct measurements of electron mobility-lifetime products in TlBr detectors were performed. An electron mobility-lifetime product of 4.1times10-3 cm2/V was obtained from a TlBr detector.

Field of study: Physics
Monoclonal antibodies to human pancreatic procolipase: production and characterization by competitive binding studies.

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human pancreatic colipase were established and 11 clones were selected by using a dot immunobinding assay. Characterization of the MAbs was carried out by using direct and competitive epitope mapping methods, including ELISA and inactivation of colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase. Monoclonal antibodies showed four distinct patterns of reactivity. Monoclonal antibody 5.30 (group I) inhibited colipase-dependent lipase activity. The dissociation constant of the inactive antibody-antigen complex was 10(-9) M. Monoclonal antibodies 48.30, 66.24, and 153.23 (group II) had no effect on activity although they bound competitively with MAb 5.30 to antigen as shown by their capacity to displace MAb 5.30 from the antibody-antigen complex and by ELISA additivity test. Dissociation constants calculated from the displacement curves were 0.9 10(-9) M, 0.6 10(-9) M, and 2 10(-9) M, respectively. Noninhibitory MAbs 13.29, 16.25, and 33.30 bound competitively with MAbs of group II but not with MAb 5.30 (group I). Monoclonal antibodies of group IV (MAbs 17.6, 18.1, 37.39, and 169.29) had no effect on activity and did not react with immobilized antigen. None of the MAbs reacted in ELISA with reduced and carboxymethylated human procolipase, indicating that epitopes involved conformationally dependent determinants on protein antigen. Anti-human colipase MAbs showed no cross-reactivity with porcine or equine procolipases. Monoclonal antibodies described here appear to be useful tools for studying surface hydrophobic domain of colipase and/or interaction between colipase and lipase in its active conformation (open lid).

Field of study: Biology
Critical Thinking as an Educational Ideal

Critical thinking arrives at a judgment on a question by looking back in a reasonable way at the relevant evidence;it is "reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do".Its key component skills are those of clarifying meaning,analyzing arguments,evaluating evidence,judging whether a conclusion follows,and drawing warranted conclusions.An ideal "critical thinker" is open-minded and fair-minded,searches for evidence,tries to be well-informed,is attentive to others' views and their reasons,proportions belief to the evidence,and is willing to consider alternatives and revise beliefs.The process of thinking critically involves problem identification and analysis,clarification of meaning,gathering the evidence,assessing the evidence,inferring conclusions,considering other relevant information,and making an overall judgment.Critical thinking differs from the logical appraisal of arguments in extending beyond a single argument,having a creative component,and involving critical assessment of evidence.Any educational system should aim to teach the knowledge,develop the skills,and foster the attitudes and dispositions of a critical thinker: someone who thinks critically when it is appropriate to do so,and who does so well.It can do so either by infusion in subject-matter courses or through a stand-alone course.Each method has advantages and disadvantages;a combination is theoretically better,but hard to achieve.In a stand-alone course,one should adapt to one's situation,communicate the course goals,motivate one's students,use a checklist as a course framework,foster a critical spirit,prefer depth to breadth,use bridging,take advantage of salient issues,use real or realistic examples,pick one's examples with care,give students lots of guided practice with feedback,check for understanding,encourage meta-cognition,think about context,watch for empty use of technical terms,and design multiple-choice items carefully if one uses them.

Field of study: Education
The measurement and improvement of maternity service performance through inspection and rating: An observational study of maternity services in acute hospitals in England

Highlights • The performance of maternity departments varies and is a policy concern.• Inspection and ratings is a possible means to increase performance.• Routinely collected data may help measure the performance of maternity departments.• Using routine data, post-inspection performance was not associated with inspection scores.• Inspection and rating do not stimulate improvement on the performance measures studied.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
Attendees Preference Modelling for an International Art Festival Based on Show Attendances

Falassi (1997) regards festivals as a time of celebration. Can festivalsbe considered catalysts for experiencing local art and culture or do they serve to promote an internationalised version of culture? This paper explores the role of arts festivals on local cultural consumption through festival attendees’ preferences to particular styles of cultural performances. Using data from the 2009 Hong Kong Arts Festival the paper seeks to identify the factors underlining attendee preferences. Findings show that there is a demand for a balance of local and international cultural experiences. This result highlights the dual role of major festivals of both bringing the best of international art to local residents while also showcasing the traditional and contemporary culture of the region.

Field of study: Business
Implications of Liebig’s Law of the Minimum for Tree-Ring Reconstructions of Climate

A basic principle of ecology, known as Liebig's Law of the Minimum, is that plant growth reflects the strongest limiting environmental factor. This principle implies that a limiting environmental factor can be inferred from historical growth and, in dendrochronology, such reconstruction is generally achieved by averaging collections of standardized tree-ring records. Averaging is optimal if growth reflects a single limiting factor and noise but not if growth also reflects locally variable stresses that intermittently limit growth. In this study a collection of Arctic tree ring records is shown to follow scaling relationships that are inconsistent with the signal-plus-noise model of tree growth but consistent with Liebig's Law acting at the local level. Also consistent with law-of-the-minimum behavior is that reconstructions based on the least-stressed trees in a given year better-follow variations in temperature than typical approaches where all tree-ring records are averaged. Improvements in reconstruction skill occur across all frequencies, with the greatest increase at the lowest frequencies. More comprehensive statistical-ecological models of tree growth may offer further improvement in reconstruction skill.

Field of study: Environmental science
Primary hepatic pregnancy.

A case report of primary hepatic in a peripheral hospital in Oman, Dr K.V.S.Prasad, Dr.Monisha Seth, Dr. Rupa Umesh, Dr. Farag al Farag, Dr.Shivakumar Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Ministry of Health Hospital,  3, Postal Code: 418, Sinaw, Sultanate of Oman.  Pregnancy is a potentially fatal condition if not diagnosed and treated on time. The incidence of Abdominal Pregnancy is 1.4% of all ectopic pregnancy, of which Primary Intrahepatic Pregnancy constitutes only 0.03 %. Clinical suspicion is important in the early diagnosis of an Ectopic Pregnancy. Following a positive urine or serum B-HCG, a transvaginal ultrasonography should be performed early to rule out an ectopic gestation. IUCD use marginally increases the ectopic risk. Undetected Ectopic Pregnancy of 6 to 8 weeks gestational age may suddenly with acute abdominal pain, followed by a syncopal attack. This sequence usually heralds rupture of Ectopic Pregnancy and intraperitoneal hemorrhage, requiring aggressive management. We attempt here to present a similar case of undiagnosed Primary hepatic Pregnancy presenting in a collapsed state at our peripheral hospital, on 5.2.2003. Case Report A 30Year old G4P2 L1A1 presented to the ER in a collapsed state on 05-02-03 with history of sudden onset of severe pain in the Right flank and lower abdomen. Patients LMP was on? 05-01-03(scanty flow lasting for 2days). Patient had visited a the previous day, urine pregnancy test was positive and a pelvic ultrasound showed evidence? Shadow of early intrauterine gestational sac with normal adnexa and was advised to follow-up in the hospital the next day. History of IUCD usage present, removed one year back.  A living male 5years old, history of IUD at eight months and history of evacuation and curettage for missed abortion.  Pallor present, Tachycardia, and BP: 90/70mmhg.  Severe tenderness present in the right flank and lower abdomen with guarding. P/V: Os closed, Uterus normal size. Tenderness was present in the Right fornix with fullness in both fornices, cervical excitation test was positive. No evidence of any bleeding per vagina.  showed evidence of free fluid in the pelvis, right paracolic gutter and sub hepatic space. As the patient started deteriorating, patient was posted for laparotomy after initial resuscitation in view of hemoperitoneum with positive pregnancy test.  Laparotomy was done by a midline incision. About three liters of blood was found in the peritoneal cavity. Uterus and both the adnexa were normal. No evidence of any bleeding/tubal abortion. On exploration the source of bleeding was found to be from the inferior margin of right lobe of liver. Fetus was seen floating in close proximity to the liver and profuse bleeding from the site of implantation in the liver.

Field of study: Medicine
Exotic Multigap Structure in UPt_{3} Unveiled by a First-Principles Analysis.

A heavy-fermion superconductor UPt_{3} is a unique spin-triplet superconductor with multiple superconducting phases. Here, we provide the first report on a first-principles analysis of the microscopic superconducting gap structure. We find that the promising gap structure is an unprecedented E_{2u} state, which is completely different from the previous phenomenological E_{2u} models. Our obtained E_{2u} state has in-plane twofold vertical line nodes on small Fermi surfaces and point nodes with linear dispersion on a large Fermi surface. These peculiar features cannot be explained in the conventional spin 1/2 representation, but is described by the group-theoretical representation of the Cooper pairs in the total angular momentum j=5/2 space. Our findings shed new light on the long-standing problems in the superconductivity of UPt_{3}.

Field of study: Physics
Electrostatic micromotor and its reliability

Research and development in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have made remarkable progress since the advent of the first electrostatic micromotor in 1987. Considerable efforts have been directed to the investigation of the failure mechanisms and reliability of electrostatic micromotors. This paper provides a brief overview of failure modes and mechanisms and solving methods in electrostatic micromotors that are commonly met. It focuses on the introduction of the failure modes and mechanisms with numerical and experimental methods as well as the recent methods for reducing the failures and the development in future. In addition, the paper illustrates our investigation on the contact dynamics between the rotor and bearing hub and the effects of gas-lubricated bearing which decrease the possibility of friction, contact, and wear in electrostatic micromotors.

Field of study: Engineering
The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Correlations with Depression in College Students with Learning Disabilities

Interpretations of depression in children and adolescents with learning disabilities have tended to be neuropsychological or motivational. Some research has related various cognitive-behavioral constructs with depression and other problematic outcomes for this population. Research with nonlearning-disabled college students has provided correlations for scores on the Self-oriented and the two social scales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with those on depression. No such work has been done with college students having learning disabilities. Measures for multidimensional perfectionism, anxiety, and depression were administered to 110 learning-disabled undergraduate men and women. Analysis showed that scores on only one of the social scales of perfectionism were positively correlated with depression scores, and this relation was weaker than previously found for nonlearning-disabled students. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research and a motivational interpretation of depression in learning-disabled college students.

Field of study: Psychology
A STUDY OF HEATING AND COOLING OF THE ISM IN NGC 1097 WITH HERSCHEL-PACS AND SPITZER-IRS

NGC 1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm lines and mid-infrared H_2 emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 μm+[O I]63 μm)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 μm PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158 μm/PAH(5.5-14 μm) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G_0 ~ 10^(2.3) and n_H ~ 10^(3.5) cm^(–3) in the ring. For these values of G_0 and n_H, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H2 emission. Much of the H2 emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.

Field of study: Physics
Functional properties of subsets of T lymphocytes defined by specific antigens.

Heteroantisera raised to the acute lymphocytic T (ALL) cell line HSB2 and to Sézary cells react with distinct subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Each antiserum reacts with a different T cell antigen and defines a distinct subpopulation that represents approximately 50% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The anti-HSB2-positive subpopulation contained suppressor cells for pokeweed mitogen-dependent immunoglobin (Ig) synthesis whereas the anti-Sézary cell serum-positive population included helper cells for Ig synthesis and mixed lymphocyte responder cells.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine