nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of different operating conditions on cycle performance of double-effect air-cooled absorption refrigeration

Air-cooled absorber and condenser is one of the most significant methods to reduce the bulk volume of absorption refrigeration system and to extend its range of application.In this paper,lumped parameter model for four double-effect air-cooled lithium bromide absorption refrigeration cycles was developed to analyze effects of varying heat reservoir temperature,cooling air temperature and evaporation temperature on system performance.The simulated result indicated that increased temperature of heat reservoir is essential to the air-cooled absorption system,and coefficient of performance of the cycle with parallel solution flow in which solution flow is distributed prior to low temperature solution heat exchanger is much lower than that of the other three cycles,thereby is unfit for absorber and condenser to be air cooled.

Field of study: Chemistry, Environmental science
A suite of Switch I and Switch II mutant structures from the G-protein domain of FeoB.

The acquisition of ferrous iron in prokaryotes is achieved by the G-protein-coupled membrane protein FeoB. This protein possesses a large C-terminal membrane-spanning domain preceded by two soluble cytoplasmic domains that are together termed 'NFeoB'. The first of these soluble domains is a GTPase domain (G-domain), which is then followed by an entirely α-helical domain. GTP hydrolysis by the G-domain is essential for iron uptake by FeoB, and various NFeoB mutant proteins from Streptococcus thermophilus have been constructed. These mutations investigate the role of conserved amino acids from the protein's critical Switch regions. Five crystal structures of these mutant proteins have been determined. The structures of E66A and E67A mutant proteins were solved in complex with nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues, the structures of T35A and E67A mutant proteins were solved in complex with GDP and finally the structure of the T35S mutant was crystallized without bound nucleotide. As an ensemble, the structures illustrate how small nucleotide-dependent rearrangements at the active site are converted into large rigid-body reorientations of the helical domain in response to GTP binding and hydrolysis. This provides the first evidence of nucleotide-dependent helical domain movement in NFeoB proteins, suggesting a mechanism by which the G-protein domain could structurally communicate with the membrane domain and mediate iron uptake.

Field of study: Chemistry
A review of research paradigms and hot topics in physical activity epidemiology abroad

By means of literature analysis,the authors probed into the origin of researches on physical activity epidemiology,examined research paradigms in this emerging interdiscipline,and revealed the following findings: 1) researches on physical activities have different thinking paradigms different from the ones used by researches on the science of physical education,they provide a new way of thinking for promoting fitness and health under the background of modern social ecology;the dose-effect relationship between physical activity and health,physical activity monitoring,physical activity intervention etc,have become hot topics in this research area;3) with the constant innovation of practical and high-tech measuring and evaluating tools,the integrated application of subjective measuring means and objective measuring means will become important methodological characteristics of research and practice intervention.

Field of study: Education
Conceptual Design of the Cryogenic System for a 12 MW Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator

A direct drive 12-MW superconducting wind turbine generator has been designed. The rotor of the generator is made of low temperature superconductor (LTS) coils, which are wound from NbTi/Cu cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) cooled with forced flow supercritical helium at 4 K. To ensure the stability of the generator rotor, it is necessary to design a reliable cryogenic system. With consideration of the radiation heat loads, ac loss, conduction heat leak by residual gas, current leads and torque tube, the heat load of the cryogenic system is analyzed. Aiming at decreasing the heat load of the cryogenic system and enhancing the overall efficiency of the generator, new structures of torque tube and thermal shields are proposed, and the main parameters of the cryogenic system are determined.

Field of study: Physics
Wild Local Structures of Automorphic Lie Algebras

We study automorphic Lie algebras using a family of evaluation maps parametrised by the representations of the associative algebra of functions. This provides a descending chain of ideals for the automorphic Lie algebra which is used to prove that it is of wild representation type. We show that the associated quotients of the automorphic Lie algebra are isomorphic to twisted truncated polynomial current algebras. When a simple Lie algebra is used in the construction, this allows us to describe the local Lie structure of the automorphic Lie algebra in terms of affine Kac-Moody algebras.

Field of study: Mathematics
Magnetic and magnetooptical properties of nanothick polycrystalline Co-P films

Features of the formation of chemically deposited polycrystalline Co-P films with nanometer thicknesses are established by magnetic measurements and analysis of film surface morphology. It is found that the specific value of the magnetooptical Faraday effect in Co-P films exceeds that in Co films by a factor of more than two. This is attributed to the magnetic polarization of a Pd underlayer. It is shown the Kerr effect in Co films is negligibly influenced by the embedding of phosphorus.

Field of study: Physics
Prevalence and Determinant of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder among Secondary School Female Students, Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Saudi Arabia

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by psychological and physiological function impairment and can pose threat on adolescents’ academic performance and well-being.  This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of PMDD among secondary school female students at Al-Iskan sector, Makkah Al-Mukarramah.  A cross-sectional study involving 246 secondary school female students in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Variables such as demographic characteristics and PMDD were determined.  A total of 246 respondents participated in the study. Their age ranged from 16 to 21 years with an average of 17.0±0.9, Saudi national (82.1%), single (98.8%), and have no children (99.6%). In terms of educational attainment, about 37.4% of the respondents are in primary level, followed by 35.4% in the tertiary level, and 27.2% in the secondary level. In terms of individual symptoms experienced by the respondents before menstrual cycle, more than 4 in every 5 participants have suffered from mood swings or nervousness (82.5%) and from lethargy (80.1%). In addition, more than half of females interviewed have suffered too much or too little sleep (74.8%), a change in appetite increase or decrease (69.9%), muscle and joint pain (67.1%), difficulty in concentration and lack of effectiveness and productivity at work (65.0%), low indifference to the usual activities (58.9%), depression (58.5%), headaches (54.5%), from a sense of bloating in the abdomen (52.4%), and aggression (51.2%). Based on the findings of this study, about 40.7% of the participants were found to experienced irregular menstrual cycles. Age was found to be statistically significant associated with regularity of menstrual cycles. In terms of educational level, chi-square test revealed significant statistical association between educational level and premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms, such as lethargy, too much or too little sleep, and breast pain or swelling. Lastly, significant association was found between menstrual cycle and change in appetite.  PMDD is characterized by substantial weakening of the ability to function socially or occupationally for a week prior to menstruation. It can be expressed through a combination of emotional, physical, and lifestyle symptoms. As such, management and treatment of PMDD must be made in accordance to the severity, types of symptoms, patient’s age, and preferences.

Field of study: Medicine
Sex differences in rats in the development of and recovery from ethanol dependence assessed by changes in seizure susceptibility.

Previous investigations have found sex differences in rats in response to chronic ethanol exposure. The most dramatic differences were observed with anticonvulsant treatment during ethanol withdrawal, when seizure susceptibility is significantly increased. Sex differences in this response were found for both GABAergic and glutamatergic compounds. This study was aimed at exploring whether sex also influences the timing for the development of and recovery from ethanol dependence.



Ethanol was administered in a liquid diet, with pair-fed animals receiving dextrose, substituted isocalorically for the ethanol. Ethanol dependence and withdrawal were assessed by measurement of seizure thresholds after abrupt removal of the ethanol diet. Seizure thresholds were determined by slow, tail vein infusion of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA-receptor antagonist bicuculline.



Male and female rats displayed differences in timing for both onset and recovery from ethanol dependence, as determined by changes in ethanol withdrawal seizure susceptibility. Female rats were slower to develop dependence and quicker to recover compared with male rats. Furthermore, acute ethanol administration did not alter seizure susceptibility in pair-fed control animals, but it was anticonvulsant in ethanol-withdrawn rats. Ethanol-withdrawn female rats showed a greater response to acute ethanol administration than did male rats.



This set of experiments uncovered additional sex differences in one measure of ethanol dependence and withdrawal. Proposed mechanisms for the development of ethanol dependence involve alterations in subunit assembly of gamma-aminobutyric acidA and NMDA receptors or various posttranslational modifications. In consideration of these findings, whatever mechanisms underlie the development of ethanol dependence, there is a different sequence of events in male compared with female rats. Studies are ongoing to determine associations between behavioral measures of ethanol dependence/withdrawal and selective neuronal adaptations.

Field of study: Medicine
Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus significantly reduces viability and alters the microbial community composition of activated sludge flocs and granules.

We recently isolated and characterised a predatory Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain from activated sludge (Ulu Pandan Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore), and this strain, B. bacteriovorus UP, was able to prey upon a broad spectrum of bacterial isolates from the activated sludge when grown as planktonic cells or as biofilms. Here, we have tested the effect of Bdellovibrio predation on floccular and granular sludge to determine if the spatial organisation, loosely or tightly aggregated communities, was protective from predation. The effect of predation was assessed using a combination of biomass quantification, cellular activity measurement and microscopic image analysis to determine community viability. Additionally, changes in the microbial communities due to predation by B. bacteriovorus UP were analysed through total RNA sequencing. Predation led to a significant reduction in microbial activity and total biomass for both floccular and granular sludge communities. Predation was also associated with significant changes in the microbial community composition in both communities, with >90% of the community members reduced in relative abundance after 24 h. Of those community members, the dominant organisms, such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were the most affected phylotypes. This suggests that predatory bacteria, which display indiscriminant feeding, could significantly shift the species composition and thus, may disturb the operational performance of wastewater treatment systems.

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Agency and Mental Models in Heterodox Economics

Agency is power-the power to act and the power to choose, the power to imagine and the power to understand, engage, and manipulate the surrounding biological and social environment. Mainstream economics adopts the western philosophy of entirely self-determined, autonomous, and efficacious agency in its employment of methodological individualism and optimizing, rational economic man. As such, agency is endowed without discretion to all individuals who independently choose to act based on the weight of objective costs and benefits (Davis 2003, 113). To the heterodox economist, agency cannot be captured or analyzed by this simple rendering of the individual. Rather, agency must be examined by its own internal logic and responses to external forces; how it came to be and how it evolves. The argument set forth is that the conceptualization of agency as a product of the individual's mental models and interaction with the surrounding structural environment unites otherwise seemingly disparate heterodox groups of thought. The procedure is simple: the concept of interactive agency is explored from the perspectives of five different heterodox groups of thought! with an eye toward possible common ground.

Field of study: Economics
Effect of particle size on adsorption of norfloxacin and tetracycline onto suspended particulate matter in lake.

Aquatic systems are important sinks of antibiotics; however, their final destination has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the adsorption behaviors of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in lakes to support the analysis of the migration and transformation of antibiotics in lacustrine environments. SPM was collected from Meiliang Bay (ML) and Gonghu Bay (GH) in Lake Taihu, China, which was sieved into four particle sizes of >300, 150-300, 63-150, and <63 μm for subsequent antibiotic adsorption experiments. All particles exhibited rapid and substantial adsorption of tetracycline and norfloxacin. Most size fractions fit a Langmuir model, indicative of monomolecular adsorption, except the <63-μm fraction, which fit a Freundlich model. Particle size had a substantial influence on antibiotic adsorption; the 63-150-μm fraction had the greatest adsorption capacity, while the >300-μm fraction had the lowest capacity. The influence of particle size on adsorption was mainly related to SPM physicochemical properties, such as cation exchange capacity, surface area, and organic matter content, rather than types of functional groups. Considering the mass ratios, the <63-μm fraction had the greatest contribution to adsorption. Antibiotics adsorbed onto the SPM from ML and GH exhibited different behaviors. The ML SPM settled more readily into sediment, and larger, denser particles were more resistant to resuspension. Conversely, the GH SPM was more likely to be found in the water column, and larger, less-dense particles remained in the water column. These results help improve our understanding of the interactions between SPM and antibiotics in aquatic systems.

Field of study: Environmental science
Chemical oxidative polymerization as a synthetic route to electrically conducting polypyrroles

Various transition metal compounds, specifically Fe (III) and Cu (II) complexes, are shown to function both as polymerization initiators and as dopants in converting pyrrole and substituted pyrroles into electrically conducting polymers. The resulting polypyrroles are produced as black powders having conductivities ranging from 10-6 to 102 ohm-1 cm-1 depending upon the specific reaction conditions. The FeCl3/pyrrole system is examined in some detail with respect to the critical reaction parameters which include reactant stoichiometry, temperature and the reaction medium. Mechanistic implications are discussed with respect to the role of a solvent-FeCl3pyrrole intermediate.

Field of study: Materials science
Sum of the periodic zeta-function over the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function

We consider the asymptotic of the sum of values of the periodic zeta-function L(s, λ) over nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function ζ(s). J. Steuding for rational λ obtained the main term. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis we calculate the next term.

Field of study: Philosophy
The Principles of Catholic Social Teaching: A Guide for Decision Making from Daily Clinical Encounters to National Policy-Making

Catholic social teaching (CST), a branch of moral theology, addresses contemporary issues within the political, economic, and cultural structures of society. The threefold cornerstone of CST contains the principles of human dignity, solidarity, and subsidiarity. It is the foundation on which to form our conscience in order to evaluate the framework of society and is the Catholic criteria for prudential judgment and direction in developing current policy-making. With knowledge of these social principles, in combination with our faith, we will be more armed and informed as to articulate the Catholic vision of reality, the truthful nature of the human person and society, to apply and integrate the social teachings in our everyday administrative and clinical encounters, and through the virtue of charity take action within the social, political, and economic spheres in which we have influence.  The Church's social encyclicals are a reflection upon the issues of the day using the light of faith and reason. They offer commentary on the ways to evaluate and address particular social problems—also using natural law principles—in the areas of politics, economics, and culture. Quotes were selected from the encyclicals that define and expand upon the primary principles for the purpose of representing them for study, reflection, and use in everyday personal and business encounters and decision making for healthcare professionals.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Guest editorial special issue on signal processing for data hiding in digital media and secure content delivery

T HE “Digital Revolution,” along with the recent developments in the Internet, have made the access of information convenient to users and has increased its consumption tremendously. However, this technological progress has also made digital data very vulnerable to unauthorized use and has caused significant economical losses for the content producers and rights holders. Therefore, there has been a flurry of research and development effort in the field of information security technology and systems for various applications spanning multimedia to military. Data hiding is one of the promising technologies helping to achieve the overall goal of secure delivery of information from its source to the authorized end-users. Although there are several early applications of data hiding (e.g., audio and video watermarking, broadcast monitoring, secret communications), we expect to see many other uses of data hiding technology in the future. The theoretical frameworks of data hiding are maturing, but its potential merit very much depends on the nature of a given application scenario. Therefore, subjective measures play a crucial role in the design of data hiding algorithms and their fine tuning. There are many ways to hide data in a cover. This fact makes it a very challenging task, theoretically and practically, to detect any hidden data in an arbitrary cover signal, given that the data hiding method is unknown at the detector. This special issue comprises contributions from researchers in data hiding. We would like to thank them, and the reviewers,

Field of study: Engineering
Correlation between Foot Arch Index and the Intensity of Foot, Knee, and Lower Back Pain among Pregnant Women in a South-Eastern Nigerian Community

The aim of this study was to assess the arch height index of pregnant women and its correlation with foot pain, anterior knee pain, and lower back pain.  Two hundred and fifteen consenting pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional study. The arch height index was assessed from their foot prints, while pain intensity was rated on a numerical rating scale. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation was used to determine correlations between the variables at p < 0.05.  Of the 215 pregnant women, 123 (57.2%) and 127 (59.9%) had low arch heights on the right and left feet, respectively, and the mean arch height indices were 0.27 ± 0.71 for the right foot and 0.28 ± 0.07 for the left foot. The prevalence of foot, knee, and lower back pain was 65 (30.2%), 43 (20.0%), and 93 (43.3%), respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis did not reveal any significant relationship (p > 0.05) between foot pain and each of the right (r = -0.010, p = 0.886) and left (r = 0.004, p = 0.955) arch indices as well as between knee pain and each of the right (r = 0.042, p = 0.536) and left (r = 0.045, p = 0.515) arch indices. A similar trend was observed for the lower back, which also did not show any significant relationship to each of the right (r = 0.026, p = 0.703) and left (r = 0.097, p = 0.157) arch indices.  The study participants had a high prevalence of low foot arches, indicating pes planus. Lower back pain was more common than foot and knee pain. The foot arch heights did not show any relationships between the intensities of foot, anterior knee, and lower back pain.

Field of study: Medicine
Variational calculation of the angular width of the multiple scattering distribution in foil transmission

A simple formula is derived for calculating the angular width of multiple scattering distributions for atomic particles traversing thin foils. The universal result is obtained by applying the variational method on standard multiple scattering theory. This procedure can be carried through in a straight-forward way, thus saving lengthy series expansions and Fourier transforms. In the case of power cross sections exact analytical expressions can be obtained. A remarkably good agreement is found between our calculation and previous theories, as well as with results from our computer simulations.

Field of study: Physics
Reflections on the Regional Characteristics and Sustainable Development of Hui Gardens

Hui gardens ,with their long history and distinctive regional characteristics, are the exotic flowers in the kingdom of Chinese classical gardns. Located in the south of Anhui province where lie rolling mountains and flow meandering rivers, Hui gardens are typical of mountainous village and country gardens. Characteristicsally, they make ingenious use of local mountains, rivers, materials and conditions,thus taking on the hue of simplicity and elegance. For the above reasons, they have the particular style of nature and unadornment, serenity and elegance.Hui gardens are of great historical and cultural values as well as tourism benefit. We should reap the benefits from their values by sustainable development under the principle of protection, and strengthen the protective force by evoking public consciousness.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences