nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dennis Gilbert, The Oligarchy and the Old Regime in Latin America, 1880–1970 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2017), pp. x + 292, £19.95, pb.

whether Wallace Fuentes herself appreciates the full extent of the merits of her work on APRA. Indeed, her hesitation becomes a blind spot. She refrains from seriously engaging with the growing scholarship on the APRA movement – the absence of important titles in her bibliography conspicuously reveals this blind spot – thereby missing out on methodological caveats that might have proved useful to her arguments in Parts 2 and 3. Wallace Fuentes too often takes at face value the published correspondence and testimonies of other major APRA leaders, such as those of Luis Alberto Sánchez, which are traversed by political goals and ambitions and thus would have required a more critical reading. This is a surprising mishap considering the extreme caution with whichWallace Fuentes reads Magda Portal’s sources. Ultimately, this lack of analytical rigour does not lead to any gross historical misinterpretation. It nevertheless thwarts the full revisionist potential of Wallace Fuentes’ analysis for the history of the APRA movement as a whole. Most Scandalous Woman details how intimate, often life-shattering, but also fundamentally liberating political engagement can be. It will be of interest to a large audience. Those interested in radical politics, the history of emotions, gender history and the history of anti-imperialist and anti-oligarchic movements in Latin America will find in this book food for thought. Most Scandalous Woman is above all a tour de force of historical writing. I cannot insist enough on the outstanding quality of Wallace Fuentes as a storyteller. She takes her readers so closely by the hand from beginning to end that her demonstration reads effortlessly. She weaves her historical arguments into a seamless and engaging narrative that takes on an air of fictional writing. Historians should read her book to learn the craft William Cronon called for in his 2013 presidential address, entitled ‘Storytelling’, to the American Historical Association. University professors should assign this book in their classes to have their students fall in love with history. Students in all disciplines involving narrative-based arguments should study this book carefully. They’ll understand the power of rigorous and sensitive historical work. They’ll realise that critical analyses, like novels, can move you to the bone.

Field of study: Political science
Combining Independent Chi-Squared Tests

Classes of Bayes tests for combining n independent noncentral chi-squared statistics Ti ∼ x2 ki(θi) are derived, including the simple sum test based on Σ Ti , and are compared in power to the common “omnibus” procedures such as Fisher's based on II Pi , the product of the attained significance levels. Linear Bayes statistics Σ biTi with appropriate weights bi are found to yield more powerful tests against prespecified alternatives (θ1, …, θ n ) than weighted Fisher procedures advocated by others, provided each ki , > 2. Over the range of alternatives considered, the test based on II Pi minimizes the maximum shortcoming in power relative to the other tests studied when each ki ≥ 2, while the sum test has this property when each ki = 1.

Field of study: Mathematics
Milton's Places of Hope: Spiritual and Political Connections of Hope with Land (review)

(32). While I am convinced that it was wise not to organize it more schematically, as a kind of quasi-reference work — in the tradition of Caroline Spurgeon’s Shakespeare’s Imagery (1935) or Sister Miriam Joseph’s Shakespeare’s Use of the Arts of Language (1947) — at times I still wondered whether the expectations of a monograph led me to anticipate more of an argument than McDonald usually seems willing to deliver. He readily admits a hesitancy along these lines: “As with most of the other poetic strategies, I normally decline to assign specific semantic functions” to any particular aspect of Shakespeare’s style (206). In part, this arises (once more) from the apparent superabundance of the late style, thereby making the “urge to formulate some general statements about the mature Shakespeare’s syntactical practice . . . frustrated by its immense variety, the idiosyncratic mixture of contradictory effects”: as a result, “almost any generalization about an important syntactic trait must be qualified immediately by acknowledgement of a complementary feature” (134). While McDonald favorably cites the work of Patricia Parker, he remains far more reluctant than she to press suppositional claims much beyond the scope of the plays themselves. (Parker, in contrast, explores rhetorical tropes and etymological traces in service of broader conjectures about early modern culture: scholarship by Joel Fineman, Jeffrey Masten, and Madhavi Menon would also fit this model.) One core contention that McDonald does feel comfortable asserting is that microformal patterns replicate — or echo, mirror, reinforce, mimic, correspond to — macroformal patterns. The Blakean “world in a grain of sand” comes to mind when McDonald argues for this “fractal” or “synecdochic” aspect to the plays (37), a “correspondence between minute grammatical particulars and broad organizational principles” (40). Generally a sophisticated way in which to convey a “mutual reinforcement” of style and genre (29), it becomes a somewhat repetitive observation in the final chapters, even verging on allegorization, culminating in: “The verse is new because the way of thinking is new” (220). But in these last sections, McDonald also begins to elaborate a provisional theory of audience complicity and response, a theory reliant on pleasure as a motivating factor in how the late style functions: we get pleasure from the artifice of elision, divagation, suspension, and various types of repetition and recognition; and we get pleasure from sensing that local (stylistic) effects are reinforced on a more global (plot-driven) scale as well. In this respect, McDonald’s book might be partaking in the turn, of sorts, that Jeff Dolven has tentatively termed a “New Aestheticism” in Shakespeare studies. SCOTT L. NEWSTOK Rhodes College

Field of study: History
TGF-β2 allows pluripotent human embryonic stem cell proliferation on E6/E7 immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts

In this study we report observations that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) capable of supporting expansion of pluripotent, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) fail to support after immortalization using E6/E7 oncogenes in serum conditions; however this can be reversed following addition of exogenous TGF-β2. Microarray analysis of immortalized and non-immortalized MEF revealed differential gene expression of several TGF-β related genes. By supplementing TGF-β2 into E6/E7 immortalized MEF cultures, this enabled proliferation of undifferentiated, pluripotent hESC as demonstrated by marker expression (Oct-4, SSEA-4, alkaline phosphatase) and teratoma formation representing three germ layers following hESC injection into immuno-deficient mice. Subsequent investigation using quantitative real-time PCR highlighted differential gene expression of several extracellular matrix related transcripts in primary and immortal (±TGF-β2) feeder cells including the induction of osteopontin following addition of TGF-β2. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β2 and its related genes in MEF play a role in the support of pluripotent hESC expansion.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
A deep learning approach to multiple kernel fusion

Kernel fusion is a popular and effective approach for combining multiple features that characterize different aspects of data. Traditional approaches for Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) attempt to learn the parameters for combining the kernels through sophisticated optimization procedures. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach that creates dense embeddings for data using the kernel similarities and adopts a deep neural network architecture for fusing the embeddings. In order to improve the effectiveness of this network, we introduce the kernel dropout regularization strategy coupled with the use of an expanded set of composition kernels. Experiment results on a real-world activity recognition dataset show that the proposed architecture is effective in fusing kernels and achieves state-of-the-art performance.

Field of study: Computer science
Self-Heating Effect in Intrinsic Tunneling Spectroscopy of Intercalated Single Crystals

intercalated (Bi2212) single crystals using photolithography and Ar ion milling techniques. Self-heating is the most common problem encountered in interlayer tunneling and it is likely to reduce the reliability of IJJ data. Although intercalation reduces heating a hundredfold, it still needs to be minimized substantially in order to approach the authentic superconducting energy gap observed by tunneling using more conventional junctions. We report tunneling characteristics of two mesas with the same height but different sizes ( and ) to show that heating effects are strongly related to IJJ stack size. For the smaller mesa, we observed an energy gap close to that seen in single SIN (S: superconductor, I: insulator, N: normal metal) and SIS break junctions as well as the dip and hump structures at high bias. The subgap data of mesa were successfully fit with a momentum averaged -wave model using convenient parameters. Thus our data is consistent with the predominant pairing symmetry suggested by point contact tunneling, break junction, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and angle resolved photoemission measurements in

Field of study: Physics
REACTIONS OF 9-PHENYLTHIOXANTHENE 10-OXIDE WITH ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENTS

It was proved that the reaction between 9-phenylthioxanthene 10-oxide (II) and organometallic reagents proceeds through the formation of 9-phenylthioxanthenyl radical. A new method of synthesis of thiaanthracene derivative was found by the reaction of II with aryllithium.

Field of study: Chemistry
Flash Wear Leveling Algorithm-OEBS

Flash memory is widely used after its birth,but it still staggers on the way,the main reason is that it has hardware shortcomings,the block erase counts are limited and over-writing must follow erasing.These two characters both affect flash's life cycle.To solve this problem,this paper presents the design and implementation of a novel wear leveling algorithm,OEBS(Outstanding Erase Block Set).Data exchange between high-frequent erased block and low-frequent erased block is adopted to even the erasure distribution;OEBs are protected in OEBS and exchange-swirl is avoided;OEBS and NOEBS(Non-outstanding Erase Block Set) are managed respectively to get better efficiency.The result comes out of simulation tests shows more even distribution,better efficiency and longer life cycle with a formula to measure the DFLCP(Degree of Flash Life Cycle Prolongation).

Field of study: Computer science
Measurements of isothermal vapour–liquid equilibrium for the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene + propane system at temperatures from 253.150 to 293.150 K

The vapour–liquid phase equilibrium was measured using an apparatus based on the recirculation method for the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene + propane binary system. A total of 55 data points were obtained over the temperature range from 253.150 to 293.150 K. The experimental standard uncertainties were less than 5 mK for the temperature, 800 Pa for the pressure, and 0.005 for the mole fraction. The experimental data were correlated by the PR-VDW model and PR-HV-NRTL model. Both models can present the experimental data well and the PR-HV-NRTL model achieves a higher degree of precision. The relative deviations of pressure are within ±0.50% and the maximum absolute deviation of vapour mole fraction is 0.006 for the PR-HV-NRTL model. A positive azeotropic behaviour can be observed for the binary system.

Field of study: Engineering
Gender role and child health care utilization in Nepal.

To study the gender role in child health care utilization in Nepal.



We analysed 8112 individual observations of age </=15 years from 2847 households in 274 communities, obtained from the 1996 Nepal Living Standard Survey. Four steps of a health seeking action, namely illness reporting, choosing an external care, choosing a specific health care provider, and spending money to treat the sick child, were examined using discrete/continuous choice models.



There was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls by demographic, socio-economic and geographical status in the sample. However, gender was associated with all four utilization decision steps. While the net effect of being a boy was modest in illness reporting (p<0.10), it appeared stronger in the choice of external care, in the choice of public provider and in the choice of expenditure with the private provider (p<0.05).



Gender role not only affects illness reporting but also affects the decision to choose a health care provider and how much to spend on the sick child, i.e. it affects the entire steps of a health seeking action.

Field of study: Medicine, Political science
The role of CD3+, CD4−, and CD8− T cells in mucosal immunoregulation

A large number of studies concerning recognition of antigen by T cells have been conducted during the past 5 years. T cells express a heterodimer T-cell receptor (TCR) that corecognizes antigen processed and a gene product of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Further, T cells can be divided into two subsets according to their expression of these disulfidelinked heterodimer proteins of TCR, e.g., those expressing ot (38 kD) 13 (43 kD) or ",/(35 kD) ~ (45 kD) heteroglycoproteins. Both forms of TCR are noncovalently associated with a cluster of proteins, the CD3 molecules (2). This cluster of CD3 molecules consists of four proteins, namely CD3--,/(21 kD), CD3-8 (28 kD), CD3-e (25 kD), and CD3-~ (16 kD), which are involved in mediation of signal transduction during T-cell activation (4). CD4 ÷ T helper (Th) or CD8 ÷ T cytotoxic (Tctx) cells use the or13 TCR heterodimer for recognition of antigens in association with Class II or Class I MHC molecules, respectively. On the other hand, T cells bearing TCR'y~ have been identified as a subset of T cells that do not possess CD4 or CD8 molecules (2, 4) and have been commonly termed double-negative (DN) cells. Although intensive investigation has resulted in a partial characterization of TCR~/bbearing T cells, the biologic function of CD3 ÷ DN T cells in the immune system is still not clear. In this article, we provide evidence that CD3 ÷ DN T cells do possess regulatory function; namely, they may mediate the balance between CD4 ÷ Th and CD8 ÷ T suppressor (Ts) cells in the mucosal immune system.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
Analytical Methods and Formulas for Modeling High Temperature Superconductors

The electrodynamics of type-II superconductors is considered in the quasi-static limit when the concept of the so-called critical state is well applicable to the superconductors. We review analytical techniques and formulas used to describe the critical states in the superconductors of the various shapes characteristic of high-temperature superconducting materials. In particular, it is explained how 3-D critical-state problems for thin planar superconductors can be reduced to more simple 2-D problems. Within this approach, the critical states in a thin infinitely long superconducting strip are analytically described not only in the simplest case of a constant critical current density jc but also in the case of anisotropic flux-line pinning and for simple model dependence of jc on the magnetic-field magnitude. We also present the analytical solutions of the critical-state problem for superconducting strips with ferromagnetic substrates and for various arrays of superconducting strips with a transport current or in an external magnetic field. In particular, one of the discussed configurations of the strips can model superconducting power transmission cables. We also describe some analytical solutions of the electrodynamic equations for type-II superconductors with power-law voltage-current characteristics.

Field of study: Physics
From Judicial Sovereignty to Collective Democracy: The Development of J.R. Commons’ Perspective on Progressive Institutional Change

This article clarifies the significance of “collective democracy” in the works of John R. Commons by comparing it with “judicial sovereignty” in terms of its contribution to “progress.” We can thus answer two issues that Paul D. Bush does not clearly address: (i) what setup for policy formation contributes to progress and (ii) what is the role of economists within a collective democracy? Based on the comparison, the answer to the first question is collective democracy, and regarding the second question, the roles of economists as both economists and “institutional” economists are extrapolated.

Field of study: Economics
A temporal assessment of vehicle use patterns and their impact on the provision of vehicle-to-grid services

With the emerging nationwide availability of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) at prices attainable for many consumers, electric utilities, system operators and researchers have been investigating the impact of this new source of energy demand. The presence of BEVs on the electric grid might offer benefits equivalent to dedicated utility-scale energy storage systems by leveraging vehicles’ grid-connected energy storage through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled infrastructure. It is, however, unclear whether BEVs will be available to provide needed grid services when those services are in highest demand. In this work, a set of GPS vehicle travel data from the Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC) is analyzed to assess temporal patterns in vehicle use. These results show that vehicle use does not vary significantly across months, but differs noticeably between weekdays and weekends, such that averaging the data together could lead to erroneous V2G modeling results. Combination of these trends with wind generation and electricity demand data from the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) indicates that BEV availability does not align well with electricity demand and wind generation during the summer months, limiting the quantity of ancillary services that could be provided with V2G. Vehicle availability aligns best between the hours of 9 pm and 8 am during cooler months of the year, when electricity demand is bimodal and brackets the hours of highest vehicle use.

Field of study: Environmental science
Agro-industrial plantations in Central Africa, risks and opportunities

Large-scale land-based investments in Central Africa are not new, and the first decade of the twenty-first century saw renewed interest in agriculture by foreign investors. The new rush for farm land has involved new multi-national holdings in the region and sometimes in the sector. This paper analyses the recent wave of investments in farm land, and discusses their specificity, the ways the host countries deal with investors, and the impacts of these large-scale projects on livelihoods and on forest cover. It focuses on the four countries that host most of the natural forests in the Congo Basin: Cameroon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo. The analysis was based on a historical review of the scientific literature and of media reports. Results are based on the assessment of large-scale land acquisitions for agricultural expansion and on field surveys conducted in 2012 and 2013, during which key stakeholders were interviewed in the four countries.

Field of study: Environmental science
A Tale of a Whiskey Rebellion Judge: William Paterson, Grand Jury Charges, and the Trials of the Whiskey Rebels

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 resulted in trials in the federal Circuit Court in Philadelphia in April–June 1795. US Supreme Court Justice William Paterson, who presided in several of those trials, has been represented as a partisan Federalist judge whose directed charge to the jury resulted in a treason verdict in two of those cases (U.S. v. Mitchell and U.S.v. Vigol). Sparse law reports, among other limited materials, provide little direct evidence of the trials or of the criticism of Justice Paterson's conduct of the trials. This paper provides evidence from grand jury charges that deal with the Whiskey Rebellion to add to our understanding of the trials and to test whether Justice Paterson has been fairly criticized or not. It argues, in addition, that his conduct in the trials was affected by a transition in American law from popular sovereignty to constitutional review by the courts.

Field of study: History
Serotoninergic mediator system in the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy

: The follow-up study of alcoholic psychoses in male patients admitted to a clinical department of a psychiatric hospital in 2005-2007 was carried out. Patients with alcoholic psychoses made up from 15 to 30% of all patients. The number of psychosis had seasonal variations with the elevations in spring and autumn, peaks in January, lune and October. Alcoholic delirium morbidity made up from 69 to 82% of the total number of alcoholic psychoses, alcoholic hallucinosis varied from 14 to 27%. Other forms were presented by single cases. In alcoholic delirium hallucinations had brighter, sated character. The most specific were visual hallucinations in the form of zoohallucinations, hallucinations of an oral cavity ("sensation of threads, hair etc"). The most often observable characters were "extraneous people, animal, demons". In alcoholic hallucinosis, verbal contrast hallucinations, making comment hallucinations, visual illusions were most frequent. The family history of mental disorders and alcoholism was noted in 30% of patients with alcoholic psychosis. The probability of occurrence of alcoholic psychoses depended on the quality of consumed drinks. The presence of a cranial-brain injury in the anamnesis considerably aggravated the disease forecast and increased the risk of seizure syndrome.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Operating Temperature Influence on Performance of 10 MW Wind Turbine HTS Generators

Magnetic flux density in vital parts of wind turbine high-temperature superconductor (HTS) generators is simulated. The calculated key parameters, including field leakage coefficient, maximum field current, and refrigerator power of wind turbine HTS generators (WTHG) with REBCO field pole windings, are studied with different operating temperatures of 40 K-77 K. Basic performance and cost of WTHG at different operating temperatures are comparatively investigated with counterparts of conventional generators. It is concluded that 68 K is a preferable operating temperature for 10 MW WTHG.

Field of study: Physics
Dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus.

The largest series of patients (n = 10) with dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus is described. The typical features, chest pain with odynophagia or dysphagia and minor haematemesis are usually present but not always elicited at presentation. If elicited, these symptoms should suggest the diagnosis and avoid mistaken attribution to a cardiac origin for the pain. Precipitating factors such as a forced Valsalva manoeuvre cannot be identified in at least half the cases. Early endoscopy is safe, and confirms the diagnosis when an haematoma within the oesophageal wall or the later appearances of a longitudinal ulcer are seen. Dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus has an excellent prognosis when managed conservatively.

Field of study: Medicine