nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients.

We investigated and compared diets and physical activity levels of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), and we identified clinical risk factors for AGT.



This study was cross-sectional and observational.



This study took place in a hospital's renal outpatient department.



Patients included adult RTRs with NGT and AGT.



All patients were assessed regarding age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (3-day diet diary), and physical activity (PA) levels (total minutes/week, using the Physical Activity Statewide Questionnaire).



The RTRs with AGT (n = 47) were significantly more obese (P = .04) and more centrally obese (P = .05) than RTRs with NGT (n = 35). The mean self-reported dietary macronutrient and energy intake was not significantly different between groups. However, the total amount of PA (median) was significantly lower in RTRs with AGT versus RTRs with NGT (255 [median, range 0 to 1940] versus 580 [median, 75 to 1095] minutes/week, respectively, P = .03), particularly in female RTRs (P = .007). After logistic regression analysis, total PA was identified as an independent predictor of AGT in all RTRs (beta = 0.940, R(2) = 0.090, P = .04). Percent body fat according to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was inversely associated with a high level of PA (>300 minutes/week) (beta = 0.906, R(2) = 0.211, P = .003).



A higher amount of PA is associated with a lower risk of AGT in RTRs (particularly in females). An emphasis on increasing PA should be encouraged for all RTRs.

Field of study: Medicine
The Appearance of Impairment: Veblen and Goodwill-Financed Mergers

During a bull stock market, accounting rules favor firms that engage in aggressive mergers. In the 1990s, this process helped reorganize the industries of media, telecommunications, and the Internet. In the aftermath and slow deflation of equity prices since 2000, some firms have not met their expectations of higher returns and have begun shedding the goodwill that inflated their asset accounts during the 1990s. WorldCom's write-down of its entire stock of goodwill, $45 billion, is only one example of this phenomenon. Applying Thorstein Veblen's theory of corporate finance to the current era of mergers and recent evolution of accounting standards provides insight into the accounting mechanisms that allow for the expansion, reorganization, and ultimate consolidation of ownership structures. Despite its original formulation to explain the circumstances of the late nineteenth century, Veblen's theory of corporate finance can still be usefully applied to the American economy of the late twentieth century. While the corporation of the late twentieth century is in many respects a much advanced legal creature, Veblen's analysis retains its usefulness because it explores the fundamental features of the corporation and corporate finance-qualitative features that have not changed during its evolution by degree. His theory of capital explains the positive relationship between stock market prices and the value of balance sheet assets that allows the expansion and contraction of corporate assets over the business cycle. In this paper, Veblen's theory of corporate finance will be developed and used to explain the inflation and deflation of goodwill and stock prices associated with the late 1990s business cycle expansion and following contraction. Specific attention will be given to the recent evolution of accounting standards and the

Field of study: Economics
Mindfulness Limits Compliance with the That's-Not-AU Technique

The authors assessed whether That's-Not-All (TNA) influence techniques are mindless phenomena. A psychology club gourmet chocolate sale displayed either large or small boxes of chocolate. When passersby asked for the price of the chocolate, they were given a TNA offer or a control offer Inquirers were also told no reason, a placebic reason, or a good reason for buying the chocolate. The box price increased mindfulness. People considering the large box were persuaded by the real reason more than by the placebic reason, whereas people considering the small box were equally persuaded by placebic and real reasons. The TNA offer was effective in selling the small box of chocolate (76% for TNA vs. 45% for control) but not the large box (18% for TNA vs. 24% for control). These findings suggest that the TNA effect works only when people are mindlessly considering the offer.

Field of study: Psychology
9,10-DICYANOANTHRACENE-SENSITIZED TWO-ELECTRON OXIDATION OF PHENYLCYCLOPROPANE AND AROMATIC OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF COPPER(II) ION

The photooxidation of phenylcyclopropane, styrene, and indene using 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-Cu(BF4)2 sensitizer system in acetonitrile-alcohol(3:1) solutions affords the corresponding 1,3-dialkoxy and 1,2-dialkoxy compounds.

Field of study: Chemistry
Correlation femtoscopy of Λ hyperons in the SELEX experiment

Study of the correlations of two identical particles with a small relative difference in their 4-momenta can provide information on the space-time behavior of a source and the shape of the potential between the particles. Our study of correlations is based on the SELEX experimental data. From a set of events involving Λ pairs, we selected the approximately ∼2600 such events with the best kinematical parameters, on the basis of which the preliminary results from our analysis of ΛΛ system correlations are presented.

Field of study: Physics
Mesozoic rift magmatism in the North Sea region: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Scanian basalts and geochemical constraints

More than 100 volcanic necks composed of basanites and melanephelinites occur in Scania, southern Sweden, at the junction of two major tectonic lineaments, the Phanerozoic Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) and the Proterozoic Protogine Zone. New 40Ar/39Ar isotope analyses of whole rock fragments of nine selected basalt necks suggest that the Mesozoic alkaline volcanism in the Scanian province commenced earlier than previously reported and comprised three separate volcanic episodes that span a total period of ca. 80 Myr: a first Jurassic (191–178 Ma), a second at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (ca. 145 Ma), and a final middle Cretaceous episode (ca. 110 Ma). The new results allow for precise time correlations between eruption events in the Scanian and those in the North Sea volcanic provinces. The older, early Jurassic event in Scania is largely synchronous with that in the Egersund Basin and the Forties field whereas the event at ca. 145 Ma is correlated with activity in the Central Graben. These volcanic episodes also correlate in age with Kimmerian tectonic activity. Volcanic activity in the middle Cretaceous period has also been dated in the triple junction in the North Sea and offshore in the Netherland Sector. The correlation of basalt volcanism in Scania with the Egersund nephelinites strongly suggest that volcanism was triggered by repeated tectonic activity along the STZ. Geochemical data of alkaline mafic rocks in the Scanian and the North Sea volcanic provinces imply that different provinces have largely unique geochemical signatures in favour of a heterogeneous mantle in the North Sea volcanic region. However, basalts of different generations in one and the same province cannot be readily separated on the basis of geochemistry, suggesting that the same lithospheric mantle was the source of repeated volcanism over time in each province. The data suggest a low degree of melting of a volatile-bearing mantle lherzolite enriched in incompatible elements with the exception of the Forties basalts in the rift centre, produced by larger degree of melting and evolved by fractional crystallization.

Field of study: Environmental science
Asperillium niger:can produce the OchratoxinA

Asperillium niger is the traditional fermentation species all over the world,its products containing acids and enzymes.Although the FDA considers the Asperillium niger as Generally Recognised As Safe(GRAS).Recently,some papers reported that some A.niger can produce the Ochratoxin A(OTA) in the suitable situation.So,in this condition,we review the safety and the appliance of the A.niger in the food industry based on the latest studies.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Neutrophil chemiluminescence and superoxide production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate and platelet-activating factor.

Previous study demonstrated that platelet activating factor (PAF) was a potent inducer of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation. This study used a luminometer to measure the chemiluminescence (CL) of peripheral blood (PB) PMNs in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Superoxide production from PB and synovial fluid (SF) PMNs was also determined by inhibiting reduction of ferricytochrome C with superoxide dismutase. Neutrophils obtained from 12 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HS) were used as controls. The results showed that PAF at both 1 microM and 10 microM significantly increased neutrophil CL in both RA (1.40 +/- 0.90 mv, 1.87 +/- 1.18 vs control 0.66 +/- 0.18) and HS (1.70 +/- 0.72, 2.22 +/- 1.25 vs control 0.67 +/- 0.13), with no significant difference between the two groups. Both PMA and zymosan also significantly enhanced PMN CL in both RA (41.51 +/- 17.42, 40.0 +/- 26.51) and HS (43.42 +/- 17.28, 39.91 +/- 27.24), and those values were much higher than those of controls or via PAF stimulation, but, again, there was no difference between RA and HS groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatant can induce neutrophil activity, too. Like CL, PAF had a weak effect on the generation of superoxide from PMNs. Neutrophils from seven RA SF stimulated with PMA or PAF showed a significant increase in superoxide production (76.05 +/- 2.14, 2.83 +/- 0.18) and these were higher than in PB of either RA patients (54.35 +/- 12.46, 1.03 +/- 0.74) and HS (55.70 +/- 17.9; 1.08 +/- 1.12) (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrated the PMNs were more activated in SF than those in PB of RA patients and HS, suggesting some unidentified factors in SF provoked PMNs activation.

Field of study: Biology
Association Studies Between XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 Polymorphisms and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

DNA HRR pathway and BER pathway play vital roles in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) development, thus we supposed that polymorphisms of XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 DNA repair genes are associated with thyroid cancer risk and progression.  We searched the NCBI database for relevant literatures to determine eight SNPs to be included in our study (XRCC1: rs25487, rs25489, rs1799782; XRCC2: rs3218536; XRCC3: rs1799794, rs56377012, rs1799796, rs861539).  SNP of rs25487 was linked with a 53% decrease in DTC risk (OR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.268-0.82; P = 0.01). For SNP of rs1799782, the homozygous TT genotype indicated a statistically significant 2-fold increased risk of DTC (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.27-3.43; P < 0.001) after multivariate adjustment. For SNP of rs861539, the homozygous TT genotype suggested statistically significant 3-fold increased risk of DTC (OR: 3.02; 95%CI: 1.68-5.42; P < 0.001). No significant association between the other five SNPs and DTC risk. Besides that, female was linked with 47% increase in DTC risk (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.062-2.04; P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. Similar results for most of the SNPs were obtained from subgroup analysis by different histological types of DTC. Haplotype analysis revealed that AGC and GGT haplotypes of XRCC1 polymorphisms were associated with DTC. Moreover, results from gene-gene interaction showed that XRCC1-rs25487, XRCC1- rs1799782 and XRCC3- rs861539 variants jointly contributed to a specifically increased risk of DTC, with the combination variant of rs1799782-CT heterozygote and rs861539-TT homozygote exhibiting a higher 3.66-fold risk of DTC (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 1.476-9.091, P = 0.005).  Polymorphisms of XRCC1 (rs25487, rs1799782) and XRCC3 (rs861539), may play a critical role in DTC development and progression. Furthermore, XRCC1 variant can interact with XRCC3 variant to significantly increase DTC susceptibility. Identifying these genetic risk markers could provide evidence for exploring the insight pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies for DTC.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Understanding the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Fuelling Multiple Sexual Partnerships Among the Zulus in Contemporary South Africa

HIV and AIDS continue to pose a global health and development challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa has one of the largest numbers of people living with HIV in the world. Despite accelerated efforts to combat the HIV and AIDS epidemic there remains an unabated challenge, i.e. continuing new infections, particularly among young African adults. Studies suggest that risky sexual behaviours, including multiple sexual partnerships, are responsible for the spread of HIV. This study sought, among other objectives, to identify underlying socio-economic factors fuelling multiple sexual relationships occurring in the context of casual sexual partnerships known as “ukujola”. A generic qualitative study approach was used, drawing on in-depth interviews (n = 20), focus groups (n = 4) and key-informant interviews (n = 8) conducted with IsiZulu-speaking participants (aged 21–34) from KwaZulu-Natal. The study found that there are various socio-economic factors, including poverty and high levels of unemployment, sexual desire and the need for social approval, which promote multiple sexual relationships. In order to curb the further spread of HIV and AIDS, prevention efforts must target the reduction of partner concurrency.

Field of study: Sociology
The social smart grid: Dealing with constrained energy resources through social coordination

HighlightsWe highlight the motivation and applicable use cases for a social overlay network for the smart grid.The social overlay network model dealing with formation and SLA negotiation and monitoring, is implemented using open standards only.We discuss the overall framework in course of an agent-based simulation to proof the feasibility of our social smart grid approach. The smart grid promises to improve the efficiency and reliability of tomorrow's energy supply. One of the biggest achievements of future smart grids will be their distributed mode of operation which effectively eliminates vulnerable nodes causing single points of failures in the grid. However, due to the lack of centralized energy production and control, the coordination of energy consumption becomes first priority. Because there do not exist technologies to store energy at large-scale yet, all energy that is required must be produced at the same time. The biggest challenge of energy producers is therefore to reliably predict and provide the right amount of required energy to avoid shortages and breakdowns. In this paper, we propose a novel way to let smart grid stakeholders, i.e., energy producers and consumers, coordinate their energy demands themselves. For that purpose we combine traditional social network models and service-oriented computing concepts with the smart grid to allow consumers to form communities according to their energy consumption behavior. These communities enable them to interact with other grid stakeholders to coordinate energy consumption plans and set up private energy sharing alliances. This way, the utility provider and industrial energy producers can rely on a better predictable and a smoother energy demand of customers. We introduce a software framework, making use of widely adopted standards, demonstrate its feasibility with an agent-based simulation, and discuss its overall applicability.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
The ionised, radical and molecular Milky Way: spectroscopic surveys with the SKA

The bandwith, sensitivity and sheer survey speed of the SKA offers unique potential for deep spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way. Within the frequency bands available to the SKA lie many transitions that trace the ionised, radical and molecular components of the interstellar medium and which will revolutionise our understanding of many physical processes. In this chapter we describe the impact on our understanding of the Milky Way that can be achieved by spectroscopic SKA surveys, including "out of the box" early science with radio recombination lines, Phase 1 surveys of the molecular ISM using anomalous formaldehyde absorption, and full SKA surveys of ammonia inversion lines.

Field of study: Physics
Optimal nonlinear income taxation with a finite population

In the standard optimal income taxation problem, tax payments depend only on each consumer's own actions. Piketty [ (1993) 23–41] shows that, if one individual's tax schedule depends on others’ actions and the government knows the exact ability distribution, it can implement any undistorted allocation as the unique revelation game outcome. If some individuals misreveal their types, Piketty's mechanism may assign infeasible allocations. We require that tax schedules must balance the government budget for every possible vector of revelations. When individuals reveal their type by simple announcements, all undistorted allocations can be still implemented, even with off-equilibrium feasibility constraints.

Field of study: Economics
La crescita economica dell’Occidente medievale: Un tema storico non ancora esaurito. Centro Italiano di Studi di Storia e d’Arte di Pistoia. Atti 25. Rome: Viella, 2017. ix + 488 pp. €33.

realize how mutually pervasive the interaction between man and water is. So pervasive, in fact, that it touches every aspect of human endeavor. Leonardi’s interdisciplinary effort, performed on two different yet surprisingly similar contexts such as Catania and Freiburg, has been described as a rare and virtuous example of “total history” (v), and rightfully so. It offers a vivid and precious picture of the many geographic, environmental, and cultural factors that shaped the intricate relationship between urban societies and water in Europe from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries.

Field of study: History
Brain abscess in children.

Although it is uncommon, pediatric brain abscess remains a serious, life-threatening neurological problem. Those with congenital heart disease, an ongoing infection, or an immunocompromised state are particularly at risk. The symptoms on presentation may include those associated with a space-occupying lesion in the brain, and neuroimaging has made the diagnosis of brain abscess more reliable. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are required to lessen neurological morbidity and the risk of death. Treatment includes medical management with appropriate and specific antimicrobials. Although the effectiveness of medical management has improved and some children may be treated with antimicrobial therapy alone, surgical evaluation remains an important component of the treatment algorithm for most pediatric patients.

Field of study: Medicine
Attachment and Jealousy: Understanding the Dynamic Experience of Jealousy Using the Response Escalation Paradigm

Jealousy is a complex, dynamic experience that unfolds over time in relationship-threatening situations. Prior research has used retrospective reports that cannot disentangle initial levels and change in jealousy in response to escalating threat. In three studies, we examined responses to the Response Escalation Paradigm (REP)—a 5-stage hypothetical scenario in which individuals are exposed to increasing levels of relationship threat—as a function of attachment orientations. Highly anxious individuals exhibited hypervigilant, slow escalation response patterns, interfered earlier in the REP, felt more jealousy, sadness, and worry when they interfered, and wanted to engage in more vigilant, destructive, and passive behaviors aimed at their partner. Highly avoidant individuals felt more anger when they interfered in the REP and wanted to engage in more partner-focused, destructive behaviors. The REP offers a dynamic method for inducing and examining jealousy and introduces a novel approach to studying other emotional experiences.

Field of study: Psychology
Helicobacter pylori infection increases subsequent ischemic stroke risk: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.

The association of Helicobacter pylori infection (HP-I) with ischemic stroke (IS) incidence has been studied, but conflicting results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between chronic HP-I and the risk of acute IS by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.



We identified17 332 patients with HP-I and 69 328 randomly selected age- and gender-matched controls from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010. Both cohorts were followed up until the occurrence of IS or until censored. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for assessing the association of HP-I with IS.



Compared with the control cohort, patients diagnosed with HP-I exhibited a higher incidence rate of IS (14.8 vs. 8.45 per 1000 person years) and a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40-1.65). The HRs for IS were 1.49 (1.37-1.62) in patients diagnosed with HP-I who had one admission, increasing to 2.26 (1.71-1.98) for those who had two or more admissions when adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities (P for trend < 0.0001). In addition, we observed a significantly positive association between nonembolic IS and increased admissions (P for trend < 0.0001) but negative association with embolic IS.



Chronic HP-I is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS, particularly nonembolic IS. Anti-HP therapy may be beneficial to IS prevention.

Field of study: Medicine
Development of Three-Channel HTS-SQUID Inspection System for Orthotropic Steel Decks of Expressway Bridges

We have developed a three-channel high-temperature superconductor (HTS) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) eddy current testing (ECT) system for detection of a fatigue crack which occurs in a steel deck plate used in expressway bridges. To avoid physical interference between adjacent channels, a dipole coil with compact design is employed. A field test using the three channel ECT system was performed on an expressway bridge having an orthotropic steel deck structure under traffic lane restrictions. Although a signal corresponding to existence of a fatigue crack was not detected due to a low occurrence rate of fatigue crack, we could demonstrate a stable and long-time operation in an urban area during the daytime and acquisition of correct data corresponding to some structural features of the expressway bridge.

Field of study: Physics
Low-Temperature, Strong SiO2-SiO2 Covalent Wafer Bonding for III–V Compound Semiconductors-to-Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits

We report a low-temperature process for covalent bonding of thermal SiO2 to plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO2 for Si-compound semiconductor integration. A record-thin interfacial oxide layer of 60 nm demonstrates sufficient capability for gas byproduct diffusion and absorption, leading to a high surface energy of 2.65 J/m2 after a 2-h 300°C anneal. O2 plasma treatment and surface chemistry optimization in dilute hydrofluoric (HF) solution and NH4OH vapor efficiently suppress the small-size interfacial void density down to 2 voids/cm2, dramatically increasing the wafer-bonded device yield. Bonding-induced strain, as determined by x-ray diffraction measurements, is negligible. The demonstration of a 50 mm InP epitaxial layer transferred to a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate shows the promise of the method for wafer-scale applications.

Field of study: Materials science