nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustering and Profiling IP Hosts Based on Traffic Behavior

The objective of this research is to study the behavior of IP Network nodes (IP hosts) from the prospective of their communication behavior patterns to setup hosts’ behavior profiles of the observed IP nodes by clustering hosts into clusters of similar communication behaviors. The problem of IP address behavior analysis and profile establishment is the one that not fully discussed and the results achieved are not good enough, there is no complete solution yet. There are many potential applications of this work, the results of this research will be useful to the network management and Network security situation awareness in addition to the applications in studying the network user behavior. The contribution of this paper includes: 1) discussion about the features or host behavior communication patterns to be utilized in hosts clustering to characterize accurately and efficiently groups of host behavior traffic. 2) We presented an algorithm to extract most significant IP nodes to be analyzed instead of analyzing the complete list of millions of IP nodes that exist in the trace. 3) We analyzed IP nodes traffic behavior on relatively long periods of traces, which help to extract a more stable host’s behavior. While previous studies focus only on host behavior for relatively short periods of 5 to 15 minutes, we extract host’s behavior patterns over a period of one hour which needs big data analysis to provide results in a reasonable time.

Field of study: Computer science
Proper authentication of ancient DNA is essential, yes; but so are undogmatic approaches.

1 Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00932; 2 Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA 93407; 3 Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA 93407; 4 Institute for Life Science Entrepreneurship, Union, NJ, USA 07083; 5 Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Division of Paleopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; 6 Center for Anthropological, Paleopathological and Historical Studies of the Sardinian and Mediterranean Populations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy

Field of study: Biology, Environmental science
Physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients: comparison of dialysis and nondialysis days.

To determine physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients with a specific emphasis on the difference between dialysis and nondialysis days.  A cross-sectional single-center study.



Vanderbilt University Outpatient Dialysis Unit.



Twenty current chronic hemodialysis patients: 10 male, 10 female; 15 black, 5 white; mean age, 50.1 +/- 9.9 years; height, 164.5 +/- 10.9 cm; weight, 82.5 +/- 15.4 kg; length on dialysis, 57.3 +/- 45.3 months.



Minute-by-minute physical activity was assessed over a 7-day period using a triaxial accelerometer, which consists of raw numbers or counts calculated by the 3 axes of the accelerometer (PA counts). PA counts were extrapolated on a daily and hourly basis. Physical functioning tests included: sit-to-stand, 6-minute walk, and 1-repetition maximal leg press exercise. Laboratory values for serum concentrations of albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol were also collected.



PA counts.



Total PA counts were significantly lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days (128,279 +/- 74,009 versus 168,744 +/- 95,168, respectively, P = .025). The average PA counts during the 4-hour dialysis time period were significantly lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days (3,086 +/- 3,749 versus 11,070 +/- 7,695, respectively, P = .001). At postdialysis hours 1 and 2, PA counts on dialysis days were significantly higher than on nondialysis days (11,410 +/- 5,340 versus 9,082 +/- 6,646, P = .008, and 14,048 +/- 9,728 versus 8,662 +/- 6,433, P = .016, respectively). By postdialysis hour 4, PA counts on dialysis days had significantly decreased when compared with nondialysis days (6,068 +/- 6,268 versus 10,512 +/- 7,420 PA counts, P = .01, respectively). From postdialysis hours 5 to 20, there was no significant difference in PA counts between dialysis and nondialysis days.



This study shows that physical activity is lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days, and this decrease is caused by the lack of activity during the 4-hour hemodialysis procedure. New behavior modification strategies involving physical activity, both during hemodialysis and on nondialysis days, must be examined in this patient population.

Field of study: Medicine
High-T/sub c/ superconducting EuBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ thin films and MgO and YAlO/sub 3/ for coplanar devices

The authors have studied the microwave properties of high-T/sub c/ superconducting EuBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ (EBCO) films on MgO and YAlO/sub 3/ substrates with low dielectric constants ( in =10 and 16, respectively), and a low loss tangent (tan delta <10/sup -5/). Measurements of surface resistance R/sub s/ at 50 GHz in a cavity show that EBCO films exhibit low R/sub s/ values (77 K) of 2-10 m Omega . A microstructural study using transmission electron microscopy showed that crystal defects related to the in-plane misorientation are observed for films with higher R/sub s/ values. The R/sub s/ values of the patterned films were measured in a coplanar transmission line resonator. A typical value for patterned films was 28 mu Omega at 4 GHz and 28 K.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Olanzapine in the Treatment of Behavioral Problems Associated with Autism: An Open-Label Trial in Kuwait

To study the efficacy and safety of olanzapine for the treatment of children with autism associated with disruptive behavior problems.  A prospective open-label trial was conducted on 40 male children (mean age 12.2 ± 2.2 years, range 7–17 years) meeting Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV criteria for autism. After a washout period from previous medications (2–14 days), patients received olanzapine (5–10 mg/day) for a 13-week treatment period. The primary efficacy measures were Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) done at baseline and end of treatment. At the beginning and end of treatment, patients underwent laboratory and physical investigations: ECG, chest X-ray, urinalysis, serum chemistry, blood glucose and lipid profile, hematology and hepatitis B serology.  Paired comparison of baseline and 13-week endpoint scores showed significant reductions in ABC subscale scores for irritability (p < 0.0001), lethargy (p < 0.0001), stereotyped behavior (p < 0.005), hyperactivity (p < 0.0001) and inappropriate speech (p < 0.005). Of 40 patients, 12 (30%) were considered as ‘improved’ on CGI-S scores compared to baseline, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). No liver enzyme elevation or any other serum biochemical changes resulted from treatment, which was not associated with significant body weight changes or any other treatment-emergent side effects.  The study shows that olanzapine treatment can be beneficial in alleviating some behavioral symptoms (irritability, hyperactivity/noncompliance and lethargy/withdrawal) associated with autism. The short period of this trial limits inferences about adverse effects such as body weight increase and tardive dyskinesia. Further long-term placebo-controlled studies of olanzapine are required.

Field of study: Medicine
Sequence stratigraphy, cyclic facies, and lagerstatten in the Middle Cambrian Wheeler and Marjum Formations, Great Basin, Utah

Recurrent taphofacies, including conservation lagerstatten, are identified within a spectrum of facies in fourth-order sequences in the Middle Cambrian Wheeler, and Marjum formations of the Drum Mountains and House Range, west-central Utah. These sequences are 3–20 m thick and commence with sharply-based compact, oncolitic, oolitic, or pelletal pack- and grainstones with sharply-defined, corroded and mineralized upper contacts that record drowning discontinuities and early transgressive systems tracts (TSTs). Overlying intervals of calcareous shale and thin-bedded wacke- to packstones with abundant, disarticulated polymerid and agnostoid trilobites represent late TSTs. These are commonly followed by lavender-gray mudstones rich in sponge spicules and comminuted fossil debris that reflect condensed maximum flooding zones. The overlying early highstand (HST) intervals of black, fissile shales are typically barren except for indistinct, circular carbonized algae, but in rare instances, include soft-bodied animal remains. A combination of lower dysoxic–anoxic conditions, with a fluctuating oxycline, and relatively rapid episodic influx of fine-grained detrital sediment favored repeated burial and preservation of abundant organic detritus and rarely soft-bodied animals. Interbedded dark gray, shales include abundant articulated agnostoid trilobites and diminutive polymerids (e.g., Jenkinsonia). Overlying platy, calcareous bedding planes covered with articulated bodies and molts of the polymerid Elrathia indicate rapid blanketing of undisturbed seafloors by calcareous mud layers. These beds grade upward successively into interbedded, sparsely fossiliferous platy to flaggy shale and thin, pale gray weathering calcisiltites, and burrow-mottled to nodular limestones, recording late HST to falling stage (FSST) carbonate shedding. Thin calcisiltites include fossil debris and articulated larger polymerid trilobites and the eocrinoid Gogia, preserved by obrutionary deposits. The repeated recurrence of these patterns provides the rudiments of a predictive model that not only explains the differing modes of preservation but may also aid in prospecting for new lagerstatten.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Threshold Implementations Are Not Provably Secure Against Fault Sensitivity Analysis

In an article presented at FDTC 2018, Arribas, De Cnudde, and Šijačić prove under mild conditions that threshold implementations (TIs) are secure against fault sensitivity analysis (FSA). Later in 2018, in the PhD thesis of De Cnudde, additional assumptions were imposed to provably withstand FSA, thereby increasing the required number of random bits. We point out that even under the latter, stronger conditions, the proof remains incorrect.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies - rebels of the AGN family

Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, with their extreme properties, defy our current knowledge of active galactic nuclei and relativistic jet systems. They excite, and might help us answer, many questions concerning the evolution and unification of AGN, but still remain a poorly studied class of AGN as such. 
We did an extensive study of a large sample of NLS1s using various statistical methods, for example, multiwavelength correlations and principal component analysis. We wanted to examine how and where in NLS1s different kinds of radiation are produced, and how the emission properties are connected to other intrinsic AGN properties. In addition we present the early results of our ongoing research about the large-scale environments of NLS1s. We also introduce the Mets\"ahovi Radio Observatory NLS1 survey and its first results, and show some early results for individual sources.

Field of study: Physics
No. 34721. International Atomic Energy Agency and Bahamas

Agreement between the commonwealth of bahamas and the international atomic energy agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. Vienna, 9 april 1997 and new york, 12 september 1997 [united nations, treaty series, vol. 2015, i-34721.

Field of study: Political science
Formation of supramolecular structures in organic solvents

The unusual interactions in organic liquids such as methane derivatives, arenes, and alkanes by the infrared (IR) method were revealed. The transformations of molecular shapes, arising from nonclassical hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds, as well as water factor provide the existence of supramolecular structures in organic fluids. The interpretation of the obtained results in terms of the quantum-chemical calculations has been suggested.

Field of study: Chemistry
Moral Reconation Therapy: A Systematic Step-by-Step Treatment System for Treatment Resistant Clients

Moral Reconation Therapy is a systematic treatment strategy designed to enhance ego, social, moral, and positive behavioral growth in a progressive, step-by-step fashion. It is based upon the assumption that fully functioning, reasonably content, happy persons have a strong sense of identity and that their behavior and relationships are based upon relatively high moral judgment levels. The therapist strives to reeducate clients socially, morally, and behaviorally and to instill appropriate goals, motivation, and values. Moral Reconation Therapy has slowly evolved in response to the unique needs of particular client populations who are considered resistant to treatment. The therapy is an adaptable and utilitarian treatment system. This article is a review of the treatment system and relevant personality theory, and a description of how the system is applied to drug abusers and clients with antisocial personalities. In addition, the article presents preliminary research on the system.

Field of study: Psychology
Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

Aerosols influence the Earth's radiative budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar radiation. The optical properties of aerosols vary as a function of wavelength, but few measurements have reported the wavelength dependence of aerosol extinction cross sections and complex refractive indices. We describe a new laboratory instrument to measure aerosol optical extinction as a function of wavelength, using cavity enhanced spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The instrument consists of two broadband channels which span the 360–390 and 385–420 nm spectral regions using two light emitting diodes (LED) and a grating spectrometer with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. We determined aerosol extinction cross sections and directly observed Mie scattering resonances for aerosols that are purely scattering (polystyrene latex spheres and ammonium sulfate), slightly absorbing (Suwannee River fulvic acid), and strongly absorbing (nigrosin dye). We describe an approach for retrieving refractive indices as a function of wavelength from the measured extinction cross sections over the 360–420 nm wavelength region. The retrieved refractive indices for PSL and ammonium sulfate agree within uncertainty with the literature values for this spectral region. The refractive index determined for nigrosin is 1.78 (± 0.03) + 0.19 (± 0.08)i at 360 nm and 1.63 (± 0.03) + 0.21 (± 0.05)i at 420 nm. The refractive index determined for Suwannee River fulvic acid is 1.71 (± 0.02) + 0.07 (± 0.06)i at 360 nm and 1.66 (± 0.02) + 0.06 (± 0.04)i at 420 nm. These laboratory results support the potential for a field instrument capable of determining ambient aerosol optical extinction, average aerosol extinction cross section, and complex refractive index as a function of wavelength.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hyaluronate is synthesized at plasma membranes.

The hybrid cell B6 line, which synthesizes large amounts of hyaluronate as the predominant glycosaminoglycan, was grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine. The [3H]hyaluronate has a high molecular weight and was excluded by Sephacryl S-1000. After disruption of the cells the [3H]hyaluronate could further be elongated by incubation with UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-[14C]GlcA, yielding a hybrid molecule of hyaluronate labelled with [3H]GlcNAc and [14C]GlcA. Treatment of the cells with hyaluronidase before disruption eliminated the large [3H]hyaluronate and elongation of nascent chains in vitro commenced from low-molecular-weight chains. Thus nascent hyaluronate chains were degraded extracellularly by hyaluronidase and were therefore synthesized at the inner side of plasma membranes and extruded to the cell surface.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
The overlooked association between lower urinary tract dysfunction and psychiatric disorders: a short screening test for clinical practice.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) often presents with other associated comorbidities such as urinary tract infections, constipation, fecal incontinence, and vesicoureteral reflux. However, the psychiatric conditions that can be associated with LUTD tend to go unnoticed. The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of LUTD and psychiatric disorders in children are difficult and time-consuming. Moreover, there is currently no accepted consensus on this subject.



In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the relationship between the subgroups of both LUTD and psychiatric disorders.



LUTD were divided into 4 groups by using voiding dysfunction symptom score (VDSS), bladder diary, and uroflowmetry/electromyography (UF/EMG) test. A short screening test for psychological problems was used to detect psychiatric disorders accompanying each LUTD group. In terms of psychiatric disorders, the patients were divided into two groups: externalizing and internalizing disorders.



A total of 156 children were diagnosed with LUTD. Seventy-six patients had overactive bladder (OAB), 53 had dysfunctional voiding (DV), 14 had primary bladder neck dysfunction (PBND), and 13 had underactive bladder (UAB). Psychiatric disorder was detected in 46 children (29.4%). Of these, 32 had an externalizing and 14 had an internalizing disorder. In terms of age, externalizing disorders were more common in children aged between 6 and 11 years (87.5%), whereas internalizing disorders were seen equally in both age groups. Among these, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most common psychiatric disorder (16.1%). The LUTD groups with the most frequent psychiatric disorders were UAB (53.8%), PBND (35.7%), and OAB (28.9%).



Most of the studies investigating the relationship between the lower urinary tract and psychiatric disorders so far have been concerned with the lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) (such as nighttime or daytime incontinence) and ADHD. However, the present study was performed according to the LUTD classification, which is primarily based on VDSS, bladder diary, and UF/EMG tests. Furthermore, psychiatric disorders were classified into their subgroups. The results have shown that around a quarter of children with LUTD also had comorbid psychiatric disorders. The relationship between LUTD and psychiatric disorders constitutes a critical point. Identifying this association can contribute to the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for these patients.



LUTD and psychiatric disorders can be seen together, and this can be detected by the short screening test for psychological problems. Therefore, the authors think that patients who applied with LUTS should undergo this short test along with the routine urinary system examination and tests.

Field of study: Medicine
Research on Intelligent Control Technology of Reactive Power Compensation

In the distribution network, reactive power is an important factor influencing voltage stability, and it is related to the safe and stable operation of whole power system. Reactive power compensation is to improve the reactive power, and it is one of the effective measures to ensure the high-efficiency and reliable operation of the power system. In order to improve the power supply capacity of equipment, improve the voltage quality, improve the power factor, reactive power compensation scheme is designed. The realization of reactive power compensation uses the parallel compensation capacitor and takes the ways of low-voltage centralized compensation. To the compensation control strategy, an improved Nine–zone diagram is used. Then choose a reasonable capacity of parallel capacitor according to the calculation of formula. Thus capacitor switching is controlled by software to complete real-time control of the transformer reactive power compensation.

Field of study: Engineering
Reaction of Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]germylene with Tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)methylium Ion: Formation of a Unique Germyl Cation Weakly σ-Coordinated to Aromatic Group

The reaction of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]germylene with tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)methylium TPFPB− in toluene produced an unexpected germyl cation, {[(Me3Si)2CH]Me2Si}{[(4-tert-BuC6H4)3C]Me2Si}-HCMe2Ge+, which was formed through several consecutive rearrangements of the methyl, bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl, and triarylmethyl groups.

Field of study: Chemistry
The total density profile of DM halos fitted from strong lensing

In cosmological N-body simulations, the baryon effects on the cold dark matter (CDM) halos can be used to solve the small scale problems in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, such as cusp-core problem and missing satellites problem. It turns out that the resultant total density profiles (baryons plus CDM), for halos with mass ranges from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters, can match the observations of the rotation curves better than NFW profile. In our previous work, however, we found that such density profiles fail to match the most recent strong gravitational lensing observations. In this paper, we do the converse: we fit the most recent strong lensing observations with the predicted lensing probabilities based on the so-called $(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)$ double power-law profile, and use the best-fit parameters ($\alpha=3.04, \beta=1.39, \gamma=1.88$) to calculate the rotation curves. We find that, at outer parts for a typical galaxy, the rotation curve calculated with our fitted density profile is much lower than observations and those based on simulations, including the NFW profile. This again verifies and strengthen the conclusions in our previous works: in $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, it is difficult to reconcile the contradictions between the observations for rotation curves and strong gravitational lensing.

Field of study: Physics
Do ownership Concentration and Leverage Influence Firms’ Value? Evidence from Panel Data in Jordan

Elevating firm performance to optimal levels in order to maximize the firm value has been one of the concerns in corporate finance, due to the challenges accompanied with the failure in corporate control that led to successive financial scandals in the last decade worldwide. Hence, this study extends previous researches that were interested in the investigations of the effect of the key ownership structures in the emerging markets, by depending mainly on panel data analysis applied on a sample that consists of 83 non-financial firms listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2005-2013; to form two firm’s value equations by relying on two dependent variables which are; Return on Assets (ROA), and Market to Book value (M/B). Regarding the explanatory variables there are four indicators representing various measures of ownership concentration depending mainly on the percentages of shares held by block holders in firms. In addition, the control variables in the two models consists of indicators for leverage; size, tangibility, business risk, and liquidity. The empirical findings are consistent with many prior studies that were applied on both Jordan and many emerging markets; in that, the concluding remarks support the existence of relationship between corporate concentration, leverage and firm’s value.

Field of study: Business