nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of MMPI Decision Rules in Establishing DSM III Diagnoses

The usefulness of MMPI decision rules in identifying corresponding DSM III diagnosis was explored. A study of 118 outpatient evaluations yielded a low degree of accuracy for both the Meehl-Dahlstrom and Henrichs decision rules. Given those results, a discriminant analysis was performed for three DSM III diagnostic categories (schizophrenic disorders, affective disorders, and no mental disorders); this analysis suggested potential usefulness for multivariate-based MMPI decision rules.

Field of study: Psychology
Children and youth in forensic-medical views of Edmund Chróścielewski (1914–1998). Recollections on the centenary of his birthday

Chrościelewski (1914–1998), professor, head of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School in Poznan (1952–1985), political prisoner in concentration camp of Auschwitz, a soldier of the Home Army, participant of Warsaw Uprising, author of approximately 200 publications, i.a. within scopes of forensic medicine, social problems, war and occupation, including martyrology of Polish children, participant in identification of bodies in Katyn graves, multi-year guardian of the University Sports Club (AZS).

Field of study: Medicine
Pipe Stiffness Prediction of Buried Gfrp Flexible Pipe

In this paper, we present the result of investigations pertaining to the pipe stiffness (PS) of glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic (GFRP) flexible pipes buried underground. PS formula for the parallel plate loading condition is derived based on the elasticity theory. Vertical and horizontal displacements are also derived. In the study, the mechanical properties and structural behavior of GFRP flexible pipes are investigated experimentally and the results are used in the analysis and design of these flexible pipes. Pipe stiffness of GFRP flexible pipe is investigated by the parallel plate loading test, the finite element analysis, and theoretical analysis. The results of pipe stiffness of the GFRP flexible pipe obtained by the experiment, theory, and the finite element analysis are compared and close agreements are observed.

Field of study: Materials science
Statistical prediction of dielectric single-surface multipactor discharge under mixed field

A statistical method is used to analyze the evolutions of the important physical values in the dielectric single-surface multipactor discharge process with the number of collisions,such as the number of second emission electron,DC field,deposited power on dielectric,and electron transit time,considering the emission energy and launch angles of the emitted electrons,the phase distribution of the RF field.How angles and reflection coefficients affect the multipactor is also studied.The results show that when a certain tilt dc field is imposed,the smaller the reflection coefficient is,and the longer the delay time of the avalanche breakdown and the greater the number of secondary emission electrons in the steady state are.When the dc field is parallel to the surface of the dielectric plate and the RF field is specified,the higher the electric field amplitude is,the longer the delay time of the avalanche breakdown is and the greater the number of secondary emission electrons in the saturation are,but if the amplitude exceeds a certain value,the multipactor will not occur.When the DC is vertical to the surface of the dielectric plate,the higher the electric field amplitude is,the longer the delay time of the avalanche breakdown is and the smaller the number of the secondary electron in saturation are.Similarly,if the amplitude exceeds a certain value,the multipactor will also not occur.

Field of study: Physics
Management of Adverse Effects of Mood Stabilizers

Mood stabilizers such as lithium and anticonvulsants are still standard-of-care for the acute and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of their adverse effects (AEs) and to provide recommendations on their clinical management. We performed a systematic research for studies reporting the prevalence of AEs with lithium, valproate, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine. Management recommendations were then developed. Mood stabilizers have different tolerability profiles and are eventually associated to cognitive, dermatological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immunological, metabolic, nephrogenic, neurologic, sexual, and teratogenic AEs. Most of those can be transient or dose-related and can be managed by optimizing drug doses to the lowest effective dose. Some rare AEs can be serious and potentially lethal, and require abrupt discontinuation of medication. Integrated medical attention is warranted for complex somatic AEs. Functional remediation and psychoeducation may help to promote awareness on BD and better medication management.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
REPD: Source code defect prediction as anomaly detection

In this paper, we present a novel approach for within-project source code defect prediction. Since defect prediction datasets are typically imbalanced, and there are few defective examples, we treat defect prediction as anomaly detection. We present our Reconstruction Error Probability Distribution (REPD) model which can handle point and collective anomalies. We compare it on five different traditional code feature datasets against five models: Gaussian Naive Bayes, logistic regression, k-nearest-neighbors, decision tree, and Hybrid SMOTE-Ensemble. In addition, REPD is compared on 24 semantic features datasets against previously mentioned models. In order to compare the performance of competing models, we utilize F1-score measure. By using statistical means, we show that our model produces significantly better results, improving F1-score up to 7.12%. Additionally, REPD’s robustness to dataset imbalance is analyzed by creating defect undersampled and non-defect oversampled datasets.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Image processing for laser speckle velocimetry using the 2-D fast Fourier transform.

An algorithm is described for the fringe analysis in laser speckle velocimetry. Based on the 2-D fast Fourier transform, the method relies on inherent features in the fringe pattern to remove efficiently the influence of the diffraction halo. A windowing operation is performed to enhance the reliability and reduce the influence of various noise contributions.

Field of study: Physics
Contractual Interpretation, Registered Documents and Third Party Effects

This article considers whether extrinsic material should be available in interpreting registered documents when these may be contractual in nature or relate to contractual agreements. Many registers, for example the current scheme for recording land title, are intended to facilitate the reliance of third parties on their content, an objective that suggests that extrinsic material should be excluded. Such an approach, however, could itself cause unfairness and conflicts with the way that contractual documents are normally interpreted. Exploring this question leads us to consider the contextual approach to contractual interpretation generally and whether it should take account of the contemplated effects of contractual language on third parties. After concluding in the affirmative, we then ask whether this is sufficient as an approach to interpreting contractual documents entered into a register.

Field of study: Law
Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensor Based on Corona Discharge

A novel gas sensor based on aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was developed for gas detection at normal temperature and atmosphere pressure. Controlled DC power supply is gradually applied between anode (AAO of aligned carbon nanotubes film) and cathode (Al plate), and the experimental data are measured through detecting circuit, which consists of HITACHI oscilloscope and amperemeter. Different types of gases have particular breakdown voltages and discharge current, so it is possible to detect one gas or a gaseous mixture. The results show that carbon nanotubes gas sensor based on corona discharge is effective, convenient, and can be prepared easily. The gas sensor is practical due to its particular characteristics.

Field of study: Chemistry
Evaluation of Self-healing Performance of Aging Asphalt Based on Dynamic Shear Rheometer

To evaluate the effect of aging on asphalt self-healing performance, repeated shear tests on 70# matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt aged through delayed rotating thin film oven test (RTFOT) are carried out under the stress control mode through dynamic shear rheological test (DSR). Intervals are drawn into the loading progress to make the self-healing phenomenon appear. The complex shear modulus of different ageing asphalt before and after healing is analyzed. The change ratio of complex shear modulus before and after healing (HI1) and the ratio of complex modulus before and after loading (HI2) are defined as selfhealing index of asphalt. These parameters are used to evaluate the self-healing property of asphalt. The results show that: the complex shear modulus of damaged asphalt can recover after self-healing thus the fatigue life is prolonged. The deeper the aging, the lower the self-healing ability of asphalt .The decrease rate of self-healing index with aging degree of 70# matrix asphalt is greater than that of SBS modified asphalt. Compared with HI2, it is more reasonable to evaluate the self-healing property by HI1.

Field of study: Engineering
Anomalously Low δ18O Values of High-Latitude Permo-Triassic Paleosol Siderite: Implications for the Hydrologic Cycle during Warm Climate Intervals

The most severe extinction in Earth history occurred during a time of extreme climate change, caused in part by a massive release of carbon into the atmosphere. Isotopic measurements of siderite occurring in paleosols during intervals of global warming suggest high-latitude depletions in δ 18 O of precipitation, often attributed to an amplified hydrologic cycle. Here, Late Permian and Early Triassic paleosol siderite from Alaska, Antarctica, eastern Australia, Siberia, and South Africa indicate similar or greater meridional gradients in siderite δ 18 O compared to other past warm intervals. An isotope-tracer-enabled version of the Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems (GENESIS) general circulation model (GCM) was used to compare to siderite δ 18 O data. The model, when deriving siderite δ 18 O at a specified paleoatmospheric CO 2 concentration of 12.7 × the preindustrial atmospheric level (PAL), matches a small subset of relatively less depleted high-latitude siderites but does not produce the conditions necessary to explain the most depleted siderite δ 18 O values. Siderite has been thought to record mean annual precipitation δ 18 O, though this study suggests that many may not. A seasonal bias, where siderite growth occurs in the summertime in wetlands that receive most of their recharge from melting winter precipitation, may be responsible. GENESIS indicates soil moisture recharge during the spring ahead of the rainy season for high-latitude Permo-Triassic (PT) siderite localities that reach below freezing winter temperatures. Drainage from high altitude regions throughout the growing season may also be responsible. Biological cloud feedbacks and monsoon-related amount effects are not likely the cause for low siderite δ 18 O because the enrichment of water vapor δ 18 O associated with warming is too significant.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Money and its use in medieval Europe

This is a full-scale study of the history of money, not merely of coinage, to have been written for medieval Europe. The book is not limited to one country, or to any one period or theme, but extracts the most important elements for the historian across the broadest possible canvas. Its scope extends from the mining of precious metals on the one hand, to banking, including the use of cheques and bills of exchange, on the other. Chapters are arranged chronologically, rather than regionally or thematically, and offer a detailed picture of the many and changing roles played by money, in all its forms, in all parts of Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Thus money is seen as having differing values for differing parts of individual societies. The book shows money moving and changing as a result of war and trade and other political, economic and ecclesiastical activities without regard for national barriers or the supposed separation between 'East' and 'West'.

Field of study: Economics, History
Common External Tariff and Dynamism of Economic and Regional Integration in the WAEMU Zone: An Analysis Based on the Econometric Approach of Panels

This article discusses the implications of the introduction of the Common External Tariff on the dynamism of economic and regional integration in the WAEMU zone. The sample includes eight countries and covers the period from 1990 to 2014. The study is based on the econometric approach of panels. The results suggest that the common external tariff has significantly contributed to strengthen the dynamism of the economic and regional integration in the Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa. These results show that the WAEMU countries have an interest in developing new Community mechanisms conducive to strengthen the integration within them. > Transformational leadership does not significantly affect technology transfer effectiveness. tor in Egypt. rsonal authority of the leader; On technology transfer effectiveness.

Field of study: Business
[Improving the contractility and metabolism of the isolated rat heart during post-ischemia reperfusion with phosphocreatine, tocopheryl phosphate and their combination].

: Within the framework of the multifactor programme of ischemic heart disease (IHD) prevention, among the male population aged 40 to 59 years, the total mortality rate is shown to increase with elevation of blood pressure caused not only by cardiovascular disease but by other disease as well. The incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke is also shown to increase. Active complex therapeutic and preventive measures among the persons with arterial hypertension (AH) detected during a mass examination, have led to reduction of the prognostic value of AH for the total mortality rate and that in cardiovascular disease, in IHD in particular. Persons under 50 years with concurrent AH and IHD were found to have more pronounced changes.

Field of study: Medicine
Miocene salmon (Oncorhynchus) from Western North America: Gill Raker evolution correlated with plankton productivity in the Eastern Pacific

Miocene salmon were more specialized than modern salmon in their feeding apparatus. Computed tomography scans of two late Miocene Pacific salmon reveal unusually long, closely-spaced, and numerous gill rakers (plankton straining structures in the pharynx). Middle Miocene Oncorhynchus rastrosus also has more numerous and more finely spaced gill rakers than living species. The fossils described here, including one new species, appear to be related to modern Sockeye Salmon and Chum Salmon, differing most in the numbers and morphology of gill rakers. These structural adaptations to plankton feeding in a group of fish otherwise adapted to fish predation are concordant with oceanographic evidence for remarkably high plankton productivity in the North Pacific Ocean during the middle Miocene.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Stable quantities in fixed price disequilibrium

Recent work in the area of non-Walrasian process analysis has focused on three primary deficiencies in the Walrasian tatonnement assumptions. These are the Walrasian neglect of endowment and spillover effects together with the failure to assign a special role for money. In detail: First, it has long been known that if trade takes place during the process of price adjustment, the resulting capital gains and losses coupled with the change in the distribution of commodities will tend to shift the position of the equilibrium. (For an early source, see 18, Book V, Chap. II].) This leaves the system with the problem of trying, so to speak, to close in on a moving target. This is the endowment effect. Surprisingly, Hahn, Negishi, and others (see 17; 1, Chap. 131) h ave found that stability follows in this class of models more readily than in Walrasian models. Second, Clower ]3] and Patikin [ 9, Chap. XIII] have argued that if trade takes place away from equilibrium, we should expect that non-zero excess demands in some markets will influence trading plans in other markets. This is the spillover effect. The classic case is that if a worker on the long side of the labor market cutting his planned consumption below its Walrasian level. Because of spillovers, the demands which actually get expressed in the marketplace can differ significantly, even in sign, from the demands which the Walrasian auctioneer responds to. Initially there was speculation that spillovers would generate instability and/or unemployment equilibria; but thus far the theoretical results are mixed (compare, for example, [ 11, IO]). Finally, Clower [4J has argued that the Patikinesque macromoney-general equilibrium models have not succeeded in formally distinguishing between money and other durables as a means of payment. Noting that the Walrasian budget constraint implicitly allows trading in any pair of commodities, he urges that a tighter restriction be introduced in the interest of enforcing the rule-“Money buys goods, and goods buy money; 302 0022.0531/81/050302-12502.00/O

Field of study: Economics
Latency reduction by dynamic channel estimator selection in C-RAN networks using fuzzy logic

Due to a dramatic increase in the number of 
mobile users, operators are forced to expand their networks 
accordingly.  was 
introduced to tackle the problems of the current generation of 
mobile networks and to support future 5G networks. However, 
many challenges have arisen through the centralised structure of 
C-RAN. The accuracy of the channel state information 
acquisition in the C-RAN for large numbers of remote radio 
heads and user equipment is one of the main challenges in this 
architecture. In order to minimize the time required to acquire 
the channel information in C-RAN and to reduce the end-to-end 
latency, in this paper a dynamic channel estimator selection 
algorithm is proposed. The idea is to assign different channel 
estimation algorithms to the users of mobile networks based on 
their link status (particularly the SNR threshold). For the 
purpose of automatic and adaptive selection to channel 
estimators, a fuzzy logic algorithm is employed as a decision 
maker to select the best SNR threshold by utilising the bit error 
rate measurements. The results demonstrate a reduction in the 
estimation time with low loss in data throughput. It is also 
observed that the outcome of the proposed algorithm increases at 
high SNR values.

Field of study: Computer science
Optical polarizability and the observation of dark np states in WSe2.

In a recent work Poellmann et al.  were able to probe, at room temperature, the dark excitonic energy level 2p in a transition metal dichalcogenide via the transition 1s-->2p between the two excitonic states. This is a remarkable experiment around which we developed in this paper a fully microscopic description of this type of dark excitonic transitions. We have used Fowler's and Karplus' methods to access the microscopic polarizability of a non-interacting exciton gas, where the ground state of the excitonic energy series is first populated by a pump laser, followed by a probe which allows excitation of the 1s-->2p transition. When compared with experimental data our theory accounts quantitatively for both the position of the resonance in the measured optical conductivity and the dispersion of the real part of the dielectric function.

Field of study: Physics
Study on Smelting SiFe Alloy From Waste Residue

Utilizng Jinchuang Corporation's waste slag and quartz sand as main raw materials and charred coal and charcoal as reducing agent,ferro-silicon alloy was reclaimed by mixed charging method in self-made DC arc furnace.The alloy was analysed by means of XRD and optical microscope.The results show that when the mass ratio of quartz sand is 20% and the ratio of material and reducing agent is 1.9,the recovery rate of SiFe is the highest,and Fe5Si3 and Fe3Si can be obtained.DC arc furnace has a unique advantage in smelting FeSi alloy and can tackle bottom rise in smelting process.The technology can not only utilize waste slag but also protect environment.

Field of study: Materials science
Exact solutions of relativistic perfect fluid hydrodynamics for a QCD Equation of State

We generalize a previously known class of exact analytic solutions of relativistic perfect fluid hydrodynamics for the first time to arbitrary temperature-dependent Equation of State. We investigate special cases of this class of solutions, in particular, we present hydrodynamical solutions with an Equation of State determined from lattice QCD calculations. We discuss the phenomenological relevance of these solutions as well.

Field of study: Physics
Love, Madness, and Scandal: The Life of Frances Coke Villiers, Viscountess Purbeck. Johanna Luthman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. xxii + 216 pp. $27.95.

further investigation. Much of her interpretation rests on the nature of the evil spirits, or “familiars,” that feature in the pamphlets. In the chapter on these creatures she acknowledges their fluid and problematic representation, while suggesting that they originated in the belief that the devil could appear in animal form. This may be true, but questions and ambiguities remain. It is hard to explain why this very particular manifestation of the demonic—small animals that suckled on human bodies—existed only in the context of witchcraft. Prudently, Millar points out that the precise nature of witches’ spirits was less important to contemporaries than it is to historians. Her broader argument that these unpleasant creatures had diabolical characteristics is well made. Ultimately, this book points to the messy and complicated relationship between learned ideas about evil spirits and the beliefs of ordinary people. By reassessing one of the major sources for English witch beliefs, Millar also offers an important and refreshing addition to scholarship on the subject. For this shemust be commended, and deserves to be widely read.

Field of study: History
The role of NF-κB in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 in intestinal epithelial cells

In inflammatory bowel disease, cells that infiltrate the mucosa regulate intestinal epithelial cell function partly through release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on normal mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Mode-K) in the absence or presence of IL-1. Western blotting assays and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the presence of IL-1 and IL-10 receptors on Mode-K cells; and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to study the activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Stimulation of Mode-K cells with IL-1 or IL-10 did not modify IL-1 and IL-10 receptor expression levels. IL-1 induced the synthesis of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through the activation and translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Inhibition of translocated p65 binding to DNA, inhibited COX-2 production and induced apoptosis. IL-10 inhibited IL-1-induced effects on IKB-α and IKB-β proteins through stabilizing these proteins; subsequently causing inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and any subsequent induction of COX-2. These data support a role for IL-10 in the regulation of IEC function under inflammatory conditions and the involvement of COX-2 in inhibiting apoptosis in mouse intestinal epithelial cells.

Field of study: Medicine