nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of oxygen vacancy types on SnO2 (110) surface by external strain

In tin dioxide nanostructures, oxygen vacancies (OVs) play an important role in their optical properties and thus regulation of both OV concentration and type via external strain is crucial to exploration of more applications. First-principle calculations of SnO2 (110) surface disclose that asymmetric deformations induced by external strain not only lead to its intrinsic surface elastic changes, but also result in different OV formation energy. In the absence of external strain, the energetically favorable oxygen vacancies(EFOV) appear in the bridging site of second layer. When -3.5% external strain is applied along y direction, the EFOV moves into plane site. This can be ascribed that the compressed deformation gives rise to redistribution of electronic wave function near OVs, therefore, formation of newly bond structures. Our results suggest that different type OVs in SnO2 surface can be controlled by strain engineering.

Field of study: Physics
Research and Development on Assistant Decision-making System for Power Plants Bidding

Currently,the world electricity market structure is divided into three parts: power generation market,power transmission market and electricity supply market.China builds up the power market on power generation side through separate power plants from power network and price competition As independent corporations,the power plants will connect to the power network by bidding and assume sole responsibility for its profits and losses.To get the maximum profits in one bidding period is the goal every plant pursues.The aim of this paper is to get a valid bidding strategy based on the real-time cost analysis and develop corresponding software for power plants.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Recent advances in the biology of addiction

Recent research into the biologic basis of drug addiction continues to offer considerable promise for understanding how neurochemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology relate to the reinforcing effects of abused drugs. One area of research is the development and pharmacologic and neurochemical characterization of cocaine and opiate polydrug abuse, a growing subset of the drug abuse population. Considerable advances have also been made in understanding how chronic and persistent drug use induces biochemical and molecular biologic adaptations in brain regions related to drug reinforcement.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Fully Private Revocable Predicate Encryption

We introduce the concept of Revocable Predicate Encryption (RPE), which extends current predicate encryption setting with revocation support: private keys can be used to decrypt an RPE ciphertext only if they match the decryption policy (defined via attributes encoded into the ciphertext and predicates associated with private keys) and were not revoked by the time the ciphertext was created. 
 
We formalize the notion of attribute hiding in the presence of revocation and propose an RPE scheme, called AH-RPE, which achieves attribute-hiding under the Decision Linear assumption in the standard model. 
 
We then present a stronger privacy notion, termed full hiding, which further cares about privacy of revoked users. We propose another RPE scheme, called FH-RPE, that adopts the Subset Cover Framework and offers full hiding under the Decision Linear assumption in the standard model. The scheme offers very flexible privacy-preserving access control to encrypted data and can be used in sender-local revocation scenarios.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
"Your Food Is Only as Good as It Looks": The Shenango China Collection at the Lawrence County Historical Society

The study of foodways refers to not only the role food plays in history but also how food is presented and the cultural and emotional responses it elicits. For many types of foods, preparation and presentation is not practical without a serving vessel, either flatware (plates, platters, and the like) or bowls of various shapes and sizes. To borrow from the Institute for Motivational Research, “sociological and psychological findings reveal that dinnerware serves a much deeper and more basic function than something from which to eat.”1 For many, the nostalgic image of dinner prepared by a mother or grandmother is not complete without being served on the family’s china. Others recall the excitement of dining out at diners and restaurants where the dinnerware invoked bright colors and patterns designed to complement the food on the plate. For nearly eighty years, much of this dinnerware came courtesy of the Shenango China plant in New Castle, Pennsylvania. Shenango was a leader of the industry into the late 1950s, when the company began to struggle from foreign competition and changing dining habits. Its story sheds an often unseen light on the history of dining auxiliaries. Indeed, for historians, very little in terms of archival information is available on American potters, especially those in food service. Shenango is one of the few potteries for which primary source records and physical collections remain. While the plant shut down in 1992, the memory of “The Pottery” remains, thanks in large part to the efforts of the Lawrence County Historical Society, located in New Castle. There, the Shenango China collection spans a wide variety of print and material sources to suit the interest of both casual observers and seasoned researchers. The most visible piece of the collection is the society’s vast holdings of actual product, much of it permanently on display at the Clavelli Mansion (the original home of tin plate magnate George Greer). The display rotates throughout the year to match either current exhibitions or seasonal changes

Field of study: History
Effects of power cycling test condition and test strategy on lifetime estimation of power modules in power electronic systems

One of the main purposes of an accelerated power cycling test is to develop a lifetime model for the lifetime prediction of power modules. It is important to select proper test conditions when the power cycling test is performed since it is closely related to the lifetime model parameters and also to the testing time. In this paper, the effects of power cycling test condition and test strategy on the lifetime estimation of power modules are studied. The lifetime models of the IGBT module are developed by the accelerated power cycling tests with different test conditions and also by calibrated accelerated power cycling test. As a case study, the lifetime of IGBT module in motor drive system is estimated with different lifetime models and the results are compared.

Field of study: Engineering
Effectiveness & Environmental Considerations for Countermeasures

Mechanical countermeasures for oil spill response have various effectiveness and operational limitations under certain spill situations. This has led to an interest in and use of alternative treatment methods. This chapter reviews the potential utility of one such group, non-dispersant chemical countermeasures, in controlling the adverse impacts from marine oil spills. The types of non-dispersant chemical countermeasures presented here include: herding agents, emulsion treating agents, solidifiers, elasticity modifiers, and shoreline cleaning agents. Each countermeasure group is discussed separately to provide a definition, mechanism of action, and effectiveness and environmental considerations for the group. Where ever possible, examples are given of countermeasure use during an actual spill. In addition to the groups mentioned above, a few other treating agents are briefly described under the section "Miscellaneous Agents" to illustrate other, less prominent types of chemical countermeasures. Non-dispersant chemical countermeasures appear to have discrete response niches, i.e., situations where the countermeasures are well-suited and offer potential benefits. The key is matching conditions for optimal effectiveness with the appropriate incident-specific characteristics and window of opportunity. The practical aspects of logistics are not addressed because, if their potential utility can be demonstrated, the resolution of these issues would follow.

Field of study: Chemistry
The efficacy of technology-based interventions for alcohol and illicit drug use among women of childbearing age: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alcohol and illicit drug use is prevalent among women of childbearing age and may lead to higher risk for substance-exposed pregnancy and related health consequences for both women and their offspring. Technology-based interventions are increasingly used to prevent or reduce substance use among women of childbearing age. The efficacy of these approaches, however, is unclear. This review critically reviewed existing research evidence from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of technology-based interventions in preventing and reducing alcohol and illicit drug use among childbearing-aged women.



Seven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. Robust variance estimation in meta-regression was used to estimate effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses.  Fifteen RCTs including 3,488 participants were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis results based on 13 RCTs suggest that technology-based interventions were efficacious relative to control conditions in preventing and reducing substance use among women of childbearing age (d=0.19, 95% CI= 0.02, 0.35). Preliminary moderator analysis results suggest that the efficacy of technology-based interventions might not vary by participant age, race/ethnicity, the type of technology used, or whether a virtual health assistant was used. Technology-based interventions' efficacy in terms of specific substance use types (alcohol use and illicit drug use), or control types (inactive control and active controls) was inconclusive, due to the limited number of studies in each category.



This systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence of technology-based interventions' efficacy in reducing alcohol and illicit drug use among women of childbearing age. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Field of study: Medicine
Advances in low temperature processing of silicon nitride based dielectrics and their applications in surface passivation and integrated optical devices

The passivation of silicon by low temperature processed dielectrics, particularly SiN, has recently received a great deal of attention for applications in photovoltaics technology. Low surface recombination velocity is a key issue for ongoing improvements of a large variety of silicon based microelectronic devices. This review discusses the various deposition techniques and also gives recent results of nitride passivation. Issues such as the impact of deposition parameters, thermal stability, interface traps and surface recombination velocity measurements are described. The benefits achieved by the passivation process on the photovoltaic device performance are also discussed. The potential of silicon oxynitride, a gradient index material, for the fabrication of integrated optical devices has been presented. Advances in the growth of SiON for application to integrated optics have been summarized. Based on optimized SiON technology the review reports on special purpose wave-guiding structures such as microcavity resonators, electrooptic modulators, polarization splitters and second harmonic generation devices. SiON technology offers a silicon-compatible technology, a waveguiding structure with high dielectric-index contrast, a low optical loss <0.15 dB cm-1, in the 1550 nm telecommunication window and a negligible polarization dependence.

Field of study: Materials science
Automatic Sequencing of an on-Line Gamma Spectroscopy System Using a Microprocessor Controller

A system has been designed for the automatic sequencing and control of spectroscopy experiments for fuel testing in reactors. The system was conceived as part of an integrated data management facility being implemented for the reactor complex at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. A brief description of the system is given and the implications of introducing local "intelligence" in the front-end equipment for automatic data acquisition and experiment control are discussed. A microprocessor unit controls the front end spectroscopy equipment and the experiment according to sequences defined by a remote computer. Experience suggests that commercially available CAMAC modules and spectroscopy equipment do not permit optimum functional partitioning to take full advantage of microprocessors.

Field of study: Physics
MuPAC: A new multi-power architecture for capacity enhancement in cellular networks

We have considered the problem of providing greater throughput in cellular networks. We propose a novel packet data cellular architecture, the Multi-Power Architecture for Cellular networks (MuPAC), based on multi-hop relaying with multiple channels. MuPAC has the unique capability of providing a coarse grained frequency reuse factor that contributes to its enhanced throughput. MuPAC utilizes multi-hop wireless relaying in the presence of the infrastructure nodes such as base station (BS) in order to provide a very high network capacity. Multiple data channels each of which is designated to operate at a different transmission power are used in order to provide a coarse grained frequency reuse factor. MuPAC also includes solutions to problems faced in multi-hop networks: performance degradation at high mobility, partitions, etc. MuPAC provides increased throughput compared to existing schemes such as the current day cellular systems which can be classified as single-hop cellular network (SCN), and the recently proposed multi-hop cellular network (MCN). We provide an analytical treatment of MuPAC to support its superiority over SCN and MCN. We also show using extensive simulations, that MuPAC performs well over a range of node densities, under high mobility, varying traffic generation characteristics and also improves fairness across a cell.

Field of study: Computer science
The extinction of slowly evolving dynamical systems

The time evolution of slowly evolving discrete dynamical systems xi + 1= T(ri,xi), defined on an interval [0, L], where a parameter richanges slowly with respect to i is considered. For certain transformations T, once ri reaches a critical value the system faces a non-zero probability of extinction because some xj ∋ [0, L]. Recent ergodic theory results of Ruelle, Pianigiani, and Lasota and Yorke are used to derive a simple expression for the probability of survival of these systems. The extinction process is illustrated with two examples. One is the quadratic map, T(r, x) = rx(1 − x), and the second is a simple model for the growth of a cellular population. The survival statistics for chronic myelogenous leukemia patients are discussed in light of these extinction processes. Two other dynamical processes of biological importance, to which our results are applicable, are mentioned.

Field of study: Biology, Mathematics
Late Quaternary history of continental climate and the Benguela Current off South West Africa

Late Quaternary sediments from the southwest African continental slope were analyzed for their coarse fraction, diatom and clay mineral content and composition. Changes in the flow pattern of the Benguela Current were inferred from the abundance and preservation of opaline microfossils and diatom species composition. The Benguela Current turned westward in the general latitude of 24°S during oxygen isotope stages 1 and 3; this flow pattern caused transportation of opaline microorganisms from the near shore area to the continental slope area or caused increased upwelling phenomena further offshore. During oxygen isotope stage 2, on the other hand, the westward deflection of the Benguela Current was moved further to the north. Two sources of terrigenous material were determined: one is local with supply from the Namib desert, the other one is distant with supply from the Orange River mouth; material from the Orange River mouth might have been transported to the north by the Benguela Current. The local terrigenous supply from the Namib desert increased during oxygen isotope stage 2 as evidenced by the increased amounts of terrigenous matter, by an increase of illite and by greater grain sizes. Occurrence of wood fibres in oxygen isotope stage 3 indicates a denser continental vegetation over the present Namib desert.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Comparison of effects of tetrahydropalmatine enantiomers on firing activity of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta.

Extracellular single unit recording techniques were used to elucidate the effects of enantiomers of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) on the firing activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC). (-)-THP rapidly reversed the apomorphine (Apo)-induced inhibition of the SNC DA cell firing activity (ED50 = 0.77, 0.52-1.14, mg.kg-1), while much larger doses of (+)-THP were required to reverse the Apo-induced inhibition (ED50 = 23, 15.2-34.7, mg.kg-1) and the maximal reversal caused by (+)-THP was 79 +/- 9% of the basal firing rate. In paralyzed rats, (-)-THP (0.5-16 mg.kg-1) significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate of SNC DA neurons dose-dependently, while (+)-THP did not until the dose reached 16 mg.kg-1. Pretreatment with (-)-THP 4 mg.kg-1 attenuated Apo-induced inhibition of SNC DA cell firing rate, while (+)-THP 32 mg.kg-1 revealed a similar potency to block the Apo-induced inhibition. In addition, (+)-THP did not potentiate the effect caused by d-amphetamine (Amp) as some behavioral experiments have shown, but large dose of (+)-THP (32 mg.kg-1) blocked the Amp-induced inhibition of SNC DA cell firing activity as (-)-THP (4 mg.kg-1) did. These results suggest that the interaction between D2 receptors and THP enantiomers has stereoselectivity and that (-)-THP is a D2 antagonist while (+)-THP seems to be not.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Aggregation of binary evaluations

We study a general aggregation problem in which a society has to determine its position (yes/no) on each of several issues, based on the positions of the members of the society on those issues. There is a prescribed set of feasible evaluations, i.e., permissible combinations of positions on the issues. This framework for the theory of aggregation was introduced by Wilson and further developed by Rubinstein and Fishburn. Among other things, it admits the modeling of preference aggregation (where the issues are pairwise comparisons and feasibility reflects rationality), and of judgment aggregation (where the issues are propositions and feasibility reflects logical consistency). We characterize those sets of feasible evaluations for which the natural analogue of Arrow's impossibility theorem holds true in this framework.

Field of study: Economics
Analysis of Five kinds of Vitamins Content in 11 Different Pineapple Fruits

Five kinds of vitamins' contents of fruits in eleven pineapple varieties were analyzed by using HPLC.The results showed that the contents of vitamin C,vitamin A and vitamin B3 were 99.9 ~230.9 μg/g,1.6~3.8 μg/g and 3.8~23.5 μg/g,respectively,and the content of Vitamin B6 was most varied(i.e.,4.5~67.1 μg/g).On the other hand,although the content of Vitamin B12 was varied between 2.0~12.1 μg/g,in the other varieties,it was not detected in the fruit of Comte de paris,Tainong 11,Golden Winter Sweet,Phuket and New Phuke.The contents of Vitamin B3 and vitamin B6 in the fruits of Golden Winter Sweet were the highest,the contents of vitamin C in the fruit of Tainong 11 and vitamin A in the fruits of Comte de paris were significantly higher than the other varieties.The highest content of vitamin B12 was founded in the fruit of Tainong 19.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
The Measure of Policy? Evaluating the Evaluation Strategy as an Instrument for Budgetary Control

This article reports recent research undertaken on the contribution of program evaluation to that part of the budget process for which the Australian public service has carriage. It examines the degree of success which the Labor government's evaluation strategy attained in serving budget agency information purposes. The research is not conclusive, only indicative. Based on two sets of evidence — interviews with officers in the Department of Finance1 and an analysis of survey results on the use of evaluation in the budget — it contends the evaluation strategy has had only a marginal impact on central budgetary processes. By documenting changes in the approaches of budget officials the article reports the impact of program evaluation on the core function of Finance — the provision of policy advice relating to the expenditure priorities of government.

Field of study: Political science
Dynamical plasma response during driven magnetic reconnection.

Direct measurements of a collisionless current channel during driven magnetic reconnection are obtained for the first time on the Versatile Toroidal Facility. The size of the diffusion region is found to scale with the electron drift orbit width, independent of the ion mass and plasma density. Based on experimental observations, analytic expressions governing the dynamical evolution of the current profile and the formation of the electrostatic potential that develops in response to the externally imposed reconnection drive are established. This time response is closely linked to the presence of ion polarization currents.

Field of study: Physics
Meta-Analytic Use of Balanced Identity Theory to Validate the Implicit Association Test

This meta-analysis evaluated theoretical predictions from balanced identity theory (BIT) and evaluated the validity of zero points of Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-report measures used to test these predictions. Twenty-one researchers contributed individual subject data from 36 experiments (total N = 12,773) that used both explicit and implicit measures of the social–cognitive constructs. The meta-analysis confirmed predictions of BIT’s balance–congruity principle and simultaneously validated interpretation of the IAT’s zero point as indicating absence of preference between two attitude objects. Statistical power afforded by the sample size enabled the first confirmations of balance–congruity predictions with self-report measures. Beyond these empirical results, the meta-analysis introduced a within-study statistical test of the balance–congruity principle, finding that it had greater efficiency than the previous best method. The meta-analysis’s full data set has been publicly archived to enable further studies of interrelations among attitudes, stereotypes, and identities.

Field of study: Psychology