nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Architecture of Feeding Behavior and Feed Efficiency in a Duroc Pig Population

Increasing feed efficiency is a major goal of breeders as it can reduce production cost and energy consumption. However, the genetic architecture of feeding behavior and feed efficiency traits remains elusive. To investigate the genetic architecture of feed efficiency in pigs, three feeding behavior traits (daily feed intake, number of daily visits to feeder, and duration of each visit) and two feed efficiency traits (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake) were considered. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the five traits using a population of 1,008 Duroc pigs genotyped with an Illumina Porcine SNP50K BeadChip. A total of 9 genome-wide (P < 1.54E-06) and 35 suggestive (P < 3.08E-05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Two pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on SSC 1 and SSC 7 were found to affect more than one trait. Markers WU_10.2_7_18377044 and DRGA0001676 are two key SNPs for these two pleiotropic QTLs. Marker WU_10.2_7_18377044 on SSC 7 contributed 2.16 and 2.37% of the observed phenotypic variance for DFI and RFI, respectively. The other SNP DRGA0001676 on SSC 1 explained 3.22 and 5.46% of the observed phenotypic variance for FCR and RFI, respectively. Finally, functions of candidate genes and gene set enrichment analysis indicate that most of the significant pathways are associated with hormonal and digestive gland secretion during feeding. This study advances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of feeding behavior and feed efficiency traits and provide an opportunity for increasing feeding efficiency using marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in pigs.

Field of study: Biology
[Progress of sleep studies in the age of electrophysiology. The visceral theory of sleep].

Electrophysiological methods of studying the nervous system have opened up new opportunities for investigations of sleep. Striking changes in the pattern of EEG during the transition from wakefulness to sleep made it's recording a mandatory element of any somnological research. It was also found that the frequency of neuronal firing in the cerebral cortex during sleep does not decrease, but can significantly exceed the average level of the cortical activity during wakefulness. But it remained the main mystery of sleep, what was associated with this high activity of cortical neurons at a time when the thresholds of sensory perception raised and the propagation of signals from the outside world and from the own body towards the cerebral cortex were almost blocked. The resolution of this paradoxical situation was suggested by the visceral theory of sleep. This theory was based on the assumption that during sleep interoceptive afferentation from all visceral systems of the body arrives for analysis into the cerebral cortex. This article offers an overview of the studies performed for direct experimental verification of non-trivial predictions of this theory.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Hotel Frontline Employee’s Affective Commitment and Service Creativity: the Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor

According to the investigation of three star hotels’ employees and 108 effective questionnaires, we study the relationship between the affective commitment and service creativity of employees and the mediating effect of emotional labor. The results showed that affective commitment has a significant positive relationship with emotional labor and employees’ service creativity; and emotional labor has a significant positive influence on the service creativity; deep acting plays a part of the mediating role between affective commitment and employees’ service creativity. Surface acting plays a completely mediating role in the relation between affective commitment and service creativity.

Field of study: Engineering
The Visible and Invisible Liga Patriótica Argentina, 1919-28: Gender Roles and the Right Wing1

R IGHT-WING nationalist groups have long fascinated scholars and observers of twentieth-century Argentina. Yet the Liga Patriotica Argentina, once described as "the most powerful political association in the country" between 1919 and 1922, has not received the attention that its size and influence warrant.2 The Liga's campaign against workers in the post-World War I years merits study not only because it weakened the labor movement, but also because it foreshadowed the antileftist tendencies of fuiture nationalistic leaders, including Juan Domingo Peron. Another important reason for examining the Liga is that it does not fit the image of the Argentine right that historians have created. According to most of the literature, the right wing has consisted exclusively of men; and it has devoted itself to ideological formulations, political maneuvers, and, on occasion, violence.

Field of study: History
Negative polarizability of 2D electrons in HgTe quantum well

The polarizability of electrons occupying the lowest subband of spatial quantization in CdTe/Cd$_x$Hg$_{1-x}$Te/CdTe quantum wells is calculated. It is shown that polarizability in the quantum well without cadmium is negative, i.e., the displacement of an electron in an electric field applied perpendicularly to the quantum well plane is opposite to the force acting on it. The negative polarizability of 2D electrons can reduce the dielectric constant of quantum wells by up to $(10-15)$ percent.

Field of study: Physics
na luo tong dui man xing fei yuan xing xin zang bing shi dai chang qi hu xi kun nan zheng zhuang gai shan ji n- nao na zuo qian ti biao da shui ping de ying xiang

目的：探讨纳络酮对慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期呼吸困难症状改善及N-脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)表达水平的影响。方法选取慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期患者120例，采用随机数字表法分为对照组(60例)和纳洛酮组(60例)；对照组患者采用常规对症支持治疗，纳洛酮组患者在此基础上加用纳洛酮静脉滴注治疗；比较两组患者临治疗前后博格(Borg)量表评分和NT-proBNP水平等。结果对照组和纳洛酮组患者治疗后Borg量表评分、NT-proBNP水平均显著低于治疗前，且纳洛酮组患者下降程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论纳络酮用于慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期患者可有效改善呼吸困难，降低N-脑钠肽前体表达水平，保护心脏功能。

Field of study: Medicine
Compound nucleus evaporative decay as a probe for the isospin dependence of the level density

The evaporative decay of the compound nucleus 139Eu produced by the 180MeV 32S + 107Ag reaction was studied with the aim to test the empirical isospin expressions of the level density, recently appeared in the literature. We measured light charged particle spectra and angular correlations in coincidence with the evaporation residues and the invariant velocity distribution of the evaporation residues. In addition, an independent experiment was performed on the reaction 32S + 109Ag at the same incident energy. Evaporation residue angular distribution was measured and the fusion-evaporation cross-section was determined. All the measured quantities are compared with the predictions of different level density prescriptions: a) isospin independence, b) a dependence from N - Z and c) a dependence from Z-Z0 as proposed by Al-Quraishi et al. Results show that the predictions of the Z-Z0 dependence are far off the experimental data for all the measured observables. Regarding the isospin independent prescription and the N - Z dependence, although no great differences appear between their predictions the N - Z prescription seems to better describe the experimental data.

Field of study: Physics
Push and Pull Factors of Child Work: Implications for Life Skills Development Among Children in Semi-Urban Centres in Cameroon

This study investigatedthe push and pull factors of child work among school-going children in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon. It was largely descriptive and adopted the mixed methods design. Data collected with the use of a questionnaire from a purposively selectedsample of seventy-six (76) school-going child workers. Among the 76 working children, five (05) were purposivelyselected and interviewed with the aid of an interview guide. The study was carried out in some semi-urban centres in Fako Division of Cameroon. Data wereanalysed by calculating frequencies, percentages; weighted means (μ) and standard deviations (σ). Among others, findings revealed that child workers engaged in work for economic, socialisation and responsible behaviour reasons. The study showed that child work in Africa is a reality for both cultural and economic reasons. Work inthe African culture aims at socialising, training and educating a child to become responsible inthe family, kin and community at large. Furthermore work contributes to child development and child workers who follow a proper school-and-work programme tend to acquire many life skills needed for survival in the changing world. It is therefore rewarding to focus on the benefits of child work and reconsider the fight against it. Parents and children should plan work activities such that theydonot interfere with school activities of workingchildren.  Child work; Push and pull factors of work; Life skills

Field of study: Education
Vegetation change in the Baringo Basin, East Africa across the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation 3.3–2.6 Ma

Vegetation in East Africa is generally thought to have shifted from forests to more open grasslands and savannas as global climate cooled and high-latitude ice sheets expanded during the Plio-Pleistocene. Such a shift would have greatly influenced landscape resources, and potentially hominin evolution as well. Existing records of African vegetation spanning these time-scales are generally derived from offshore marine records that record continental-scale changes, or paleosol carbonate records that record very local vegetation changes during the short time intervals of soil carbonate formation. Here we present a new record of basin-scale vegetation change from the late Pliocene (~3.3–2.6 Ma) derived from a drill core from the Chemeron Formation, located in the Baringo Basin/Tugen Hills region of the Kenya Rift Valley. Specifically, we present a new record of the relative abundance of C4 grasses and C3 vegetation based on the carbon isotopic composition of leaf wax biomarkers (δ13Cwax), which captures a signal of regional vegetation change. These data demonstrate that vegetation in the Baringo Basin varied greatly between C3 forests and C4 grasslands, and that vegetation exhibits both long-term (secular) trends and orbital-scale variations. The contribution of C3 plants was lower than estimates based on low-resolution carbon isotope data from paleosol carbonates and organic matter in the basin. C3 plants averaged ~53% of the vegetation during the late Pliocene, from ~3.3 to ~3.04 Ma, after which time δ13Cwax indicates more open vegetation and ~41% C3 plants. This transition may have been driven by changes in basin geomorphology, but also possibly occurred as part of larger-scale drying and expansion of C4 vegetation in East Africa. In addition to this secular change, we observe high amplitude variability in the δ13Cwax record including oscillations between ~80 and ~0% C3 plants. These vegetation changes are correlated with changes in precipitation inferred from δ2Hwax and lake level oscillations inferred from sedimentary facies, implying that high-amplitude, orbital-scale variations in precipitation drove significant changes in vegetation resources during the late Pliocene in the Baringo Basin. These variations have important implications for changes in terrestrial resources in light of the evolutionary innovations in the hominin fossil record related to changes in foraging strategies.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Measurement of the hadronic structure of semileptonic D0 and D+ decays.

Absolute branching fractions for the {ital D}{sub {ital l}3} and {ital D}{sub {ital l}4} decays {ital D}{sup +}{r arrow}{ital {bar K}} {sup 0}{ital e+}{nu}{sub {ital e}}, {ital D}{sup +}{r arrow}{ital {bar K}} {nu}{sub {mu}}, {ital D}{sup +}{r arrow}{ital {bar K}} 0}{ital e+}{nu}{sub {ital e}}, and {ital D}{sup 0}{r arrow}{ital K}{sup *{minus}}{ital e+}{nu}{sub {ital e}} are determined using completely reconstructed {ital D{bar D}} events at the {psi}(3770). Reconstructed {ital D}{sup 0}{r arrow}{ital K}{sup {minus}}{ital e+}{nu}{sub {ital e}} decays are used to determine the pole mass of the {ital f}{sub 4}({ital q}{sup 2}) form factor. Resonant {ital K}{sup *} production dominates the process {ital D}{r arrow}{ital K}{pi}{ital e}{nu}; the {ital K}{sup *} polarization is measured. Limits on several Cabibbo-suppressed channels are evaluated. A global fit imposing isospin symmetry is performed to the measured exclusive and inclusive semileptonic {ital D}{sup 0} and {ital D}{sup +} branching fractions to obtain an improved set of branching fractions.

Field of study: Physics
Systematic Identification Method for Secondary Environmental Risk

Environmental pollution accidents are always caused by manufacturing accidents. Recognition of secondary environmental risk once became a blind spot in the identification of environmental risks because of its difficulty,although it is actually the most important part of the identification process. Mechanism of secondary environmental pollution was studied,and recognizing methods of secondary pollution accident was built based on systematic analysis of characteristics of environmental risks in chemical industry and caused secondary environmental pollution. Taking nitrobenzene plant explosion and xylems tank leakage accidents in Nanjing Chemical Industry Park as examples,probability and equivalent of direct and secondary risks were calculated, risk levels which were bases for risk monitoring and risk control were determined and source of risks were identified as well.

Field of study: Environmental science
Tegnologie wat die suiwelbedryf verander

Stel jou voor, melkboere staan soggens voor sonop op om gereed te maak vir die dag se melkery. Honderde werkers kom vaak-vaak by die melkerye aan om die kudde met die hand, een vir een te melk. Hierna word die melk verwerk en deur dieselfde werkers gebottel waarna dit uiteindelik op die verbruiker se tafel te beland. Klink bietjie omslagtig, of hoe?

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
应用mRNA/PCR技术研究中国人常见的一种 β -地中海贫血基因(IVS-IInt.654 C→T)的剪接缺陷

应用扩增cDNA的直接序列测定,分析了中国人一种常见的 β -地中海贫血突变类型(ⅣS-Ⅱ nt. 654 C→T)的转录产物和mRNA的剪接缺陷,结果表明这一突变基因除了导致β-珠蛋白m RNA的加工错误外,仍然产生少量正常剪接加工的mRNA。从而导致β~+地中海贫血。本文报道的方法为在转录水平上研究基因的表达,以及为遗传性疾病的分子缺陷提供简便和灵敏的新途径。

Field of study: Chemistry
Persistence of Carbaryl and Quinalphos on Brinjal Solanum Melongena

Tho biological efficacy of quinalphos at 0.03 and 0.05 per cent was observed for a week against the pest complex of brinjal. The residues estimated biologically, could not be detected beyond 9 days, though the chemical estimates detected the residues below the tolerance limit after 14 days on fruits and after 40 days on leaves. Defferent formulations of carbaryl were not effect-tive against aphids, while carbaryl wettable powder spray was effective against jassids and borer and the residues persisted for about a week above the toleranee level.

Field of study: Biology
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of a New Prussian Blue Analog Composed of K0.9MnII1.05[MoI(CN)5(NO)]·5H2O·1.9MeOH

We have prepared a new molybdenum polycyanide K0.9MnII1.05[MoI(CN)5(NO)]·5H2O·1.9MeOH with a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of 10.72 A. This compound exhibited a spontaneous magnetization with a Curie temperature of 39 K and a saturated magnetization value (IS) of 3.8 μB. This IS value and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the magnetic coupling between MnII and MoI ions is antiferromagnetic.

Field of study: Chemistry
A sleep-mode interleaving algorithm for layered-video multicast services in IEEE 802.16e networks

In this paper we investigate efficient mechanisms to support layered-video multicast services in IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) networks. Given the bandwidth eager and energy hungry nature of layered-video multicast services, network systems should employ efficient bandwidth allocation and energy saving mechanisms. We first investigate how the WiMAX energy saving mechanisms significantly degrade the performance of multicast bandwidth allocation mechanisms for layered-video multicast services. Then, we present a theoretical model for illustrating this interaction problem. To the best of our knowledge, this paper offers the first investigation into and the first theoretical model of the interaction problem between multicast bandwidth allocation and WiMAX energy saving mechanisms. To solve the interaction problem, we propose a novel sleep-mode interleaving algorithm beyond the existing mechanisms. The proposed algorithm has full compatibility with the existing multicast bandwidth allocation mechanisms and with IEEE 802.16e standards. By appropriately adjusting one sleep mode parameter defined in the standard, the proposed sleep-mode interleaving algorithm effectively guarantees the bandwidth efficiency of the video multicast mechanisms while mobile users can execute the standard sleep mode operations. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of packet delivery ratio, user satisfaction, energy efficiency and computational complexity.

Field of study: Computer science
First Measurement of the Imaginary Part of the Transverse-Longitudinal Nuclear Response.

We have measured a new electron scattering observable, the fifth'' structure function, [ital f][sub 01][sup [prime]], which is the imaginary part of the transverse-longitudinal interference response. Its observation requires a longitudinally polarized beam and coincident, out-of-plane particle detection. [ital f][sub 01][sup [prime]] arises from interference between reaction channels and provides an additional means for their disentanglement. In the quasielastic [sup 12]C([ital [rvec e]],[ital e][prime],[ital p]) measurements reported here, [ital f][sub 01][sup [prime]] is driven by the interference of the direct knockout and rescattering amplitudes.

Field of study: Physics
Plate Tectonics and the Japanese Islands: A Synthesis

The hot-spot hypothesis of Wilson and Morgan and the recent success in worldwide correlation of marine magnetic anomalies by Larson and his co-workers have enabled us to depict the Mesozoic and Cenozoic movements of plates of the Pacific Ocean. The inferred movements show a good correlation with the tectonic history of Japan. The mid-oceanic Kula-Pacific Ridge probably collided with Japan and then descended beneath it in Late Cretaceous time. The succeeding events were similar to those that occurred during the descent of the East Pacific Rise (Farallon-Pacific Ridge) beneath western North America in middle Tertiary time. The similarity of the sequence of events that took place during ridge descent in Japan and western North America suggests that these events are genetically related to ridge descent. The first event was high-pressure metamorphism; it occurred before ridge descent, probably because of the high rate of plate convergence. This metamorphism halted about 30 m.y. before ridge descent, possibly because of the increase in temperature of the plate toward the ridge axis. For several tens of millions of years during ridge descent, magmatism occurred in an unusually wide area on the continental side of the subduction zone. This could be ascribed to the high temperature of the subducted “plate” near the ridge axis and presumably also to the activity of the submerged ridge axis. Finally, in both cases, the continental plate was subjected to tension after ridge descent. This resulted in generation of the Japan Sea and the extensional structure of the Basin and Range province of western North America. The formation of the Median Tectonic Line of southwest Japan may also be a result of the ridge submergence. According to Morgan, the Pacific plate changed its movement direction in middle Cenozoic time. This probably caused new orogenies in northeast Japan and in the eastern and southern margins of the Philippine Sea leading to the formation of the Izu-Bonin, Mariana, Yap, and Palau arcs. The western Philippine Basin was formed probably by spreading at a ridge within it.

Field of study: Geology
Prediction of Protein Interdomain Linker Regions by a Nonstationary Hidden Markov Model

Proteins have two types of regions: linker regions that connect active domains and nonlinker regions, which include domains and terminal residues. It is important to try to distinguish these regions using information in the sequence of amino acids that, when folded, form the protein. In this article we develop a nonstationary hidden Markov model to infer region boundaries. The approach is based on a latent variable defined on the sequence; this variable is a continuous index of the region type and affects the probabilities that specific amino acids will appear. We develop an efficient Bayesian estimate of the model using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, particularly Gibbs sampling, to simulate the parameters from the posteriors. We apply our method to protein sequences with domains and interdomain linkers delineated using the Pfam-A database. The prediction results are superior to simpler methods. Importantly, our method estimates the probability that each amino acid belongs to a linker region, giving insight into the properties of interdomain linkers.

Field of study: Mathematics
Producing Creative Generation through Nation Character Education

This study was conducted to get students’ perspective on their acceptance and the implementation of creative nation education at the lower secondary schools. The perspective focused on students’ acceptance of the nation characters inculcated by teachers in the classrooms, school environment and co-curricular activities. Samples of the study were 836 students from 22 secondary schools in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. A pilot study was conducted and the alpha cronbach was analysed. All constructs were at the high reliability level which was between 0.774 to 0.931. Data was analysed descriptively to get the mean and percentage. Inferential analysis involving Pearson Correlation and SEM were also conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 18.0. This study has found students’ acceptance towards nation character and its implementation of creative characters was at the satisfactory or modest level. Results also showed that students’ acceptance on Nation Character Education in the classrooms, school environment and during co-curricular activities has significant contribution towards the implementation of creative character education. The implication of this study shows that the implementation would be more successful if there are more parties involve in providing various efforts to strengthen creative nation characters among students. The findings have shown the importance of implementing nation character education across the curriculum, organising school programs and providing various co-curricular activities for the purpose of establishing holistic education. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n3p81

Field of study: Education, Sociology
Contemporary American Fiction, and: Facing Texts: Encounters between Contemporary Writers and Critics, and: Alive and Writing: Interviews with American Authors of the 1980s, and: Before Reading: Narrative Conventions and the Politics of Interpretation (review)

Malcolm Bradbury and Sigmund Ro, eds.  Ziegler,  Encounters between Contemporary Writers and Critics.  Duke UP, 1988. 301 pp. $40.00 cloth; pb. $16.95. Larry McCaffery and Sinda Gregory. Alive and Writing: Interviews with American Authors of the 1980s.  U of Illinois P, 1987. 287 pp. $22.50. Peter J. Rabinowitz. Before Reading: Narrative Conventions and the Politics of Interpretation.  Cornell UP, 1987. 29.95 cloth; pb. $8.95.

Field of study: Art