nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from glucose by introduction of synthetic scaffolds between isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase and glutamate decarboxylase in recombinant Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli were engineered for the direct production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from glucose by introduction of synthetic protein scaffold. In this study, three enzymes consisting GABA pathway (isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase and glutamate decarboxylase) were connected via synthetic protein scaffold. By introduction of scaffold, 0.92g/L of GABA was produced from 10g/L of glucose while no GABA was produced in wild type E. coli. The optimum pH and temperature for GABA production were 4.5 and 30°C, respectively. When competing metabolic network was inactivated by knockout mutation, maximum GABA concentration of 1.3g/L was obtained from 10g/L glucose. The recombinant E. coli strain which produces GABA directly from glucose was successfully constructed by introduction of protein scaffold.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Travels and Mobilities in the Middle Ages: From the Atlantic to the Black Sea. Marianne O’Doherty and Felicitas Schmieder, eds. International Medieval Research 21. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015. xliv + 342 pp. €90.

teract with each other or the general themes of the volume. Despite the introductory emphasis on digital tools (7–9), most contributors do not employ them, with Vannieuwenhuyze being the exception. Finally, and with respect to the notions of “premodernity” and “urban complexity” (14–15), the editors point to “practices,” a term that has become as fashionable these days as it remains ill-defined, yet virtually all research, across the ideological spectrum, points to the evolutionary nature of social change due to the emergence of capitalism from the late Middle Ages to the present, as, e.g., Spencer Dimmock, Steven Marks, and Markus Cerman emphasize. As such, this collection of essays will make you think hard about the individual case studies, but its general implications are, unfortunately, rather limited.

Field of study: History
Measurement of buried undercut structures in microfluidic devices by laser fluorescent confocal microscopy.

Measuring buried, undercut microstructures is a challenging task in metrology. These structures are usually characterized by measuring their cross sections after physically cutting the samples. This method is destructive and the obtained information is incomplete. The distortion due to cutting also affects the measurement accuracy. In this paper, we first apply the laser fluorescent confocal microscopy and intensity differentiation algorithm to obtain the complete three-dimensional profile of the buried, undercut structures in microfluidic devices, which are made by the soft lithography technique and bonded by the oxygen plasma method. The impact of material wettability and the refractive index (n) mismatch among the liquid, samples, cover layer, and objective on the measurement accuracy are experimentally investigated.

Field of study: Physics
Sum-of-Squares Meets Program Obfuscation, Revisited

We develop attacks on the security of variants of pseudo-random generators computed by quadratic polynomials. In particular we give a general condition for breaking the one-way property of mappings where every output is a quadratic polynomial (over the reals) of the input. As a corollary, we break the degree-2 candidates for security assumptions recently proposed for constructing indistinguishability obfuscation by Ananth, Jain and Sahai (ePrint 2018) and Agrawal (ePrint 2018). We present conjectures that would imply our attacks extend to a wider variety of instances, and in particular offer experimental evidence that they break assumption of Lin-Matt (ePrint 2018).

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
L’échelle analgésique de l’OMS convient-elle toujours?

La douleur demeure, partout dans le monde, l’une des principales raisons de consulter un medecin. De nombreuses organisations et associations scientifiques se sont efforcees de trouver des solutions a ce probleme et de faciliter le traitement de la douleur. En 1986, l’Organisation mondiale

Field of study: Medicine
Academic and Personal-Social Adjustment Challenges of University of Cape Coast Freshmen

This study was carried out to investigate the common adjustment challenges freshmen in the University of Cape Coast experience during their first year in school, and the coping strategies they used in response to the adjustment challenges. A mixed model research design was used in carrying out the study. A sample of 355 students made up of 235 males and 120 females was selected through purposive and proportional stratified random sampling techniques. Adapted forms of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) developed by Baker and Siryk (1999) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1988) were used along with a semi-structured interview. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found that freshmen in the University of Cape Coast encountered adjustment challenges such as difficulty handling the academic pressure and lack of involvement in social activities. In terms of coping, most respondents adopted Planful Problem Solving strategies which involved planning, concentrating and taking action to resolve issues. It was recommended that university authorities make the timetable of freshmen more flexible to enable them cope with the academic pressure.  Adjustment, Challenges, Coping, Strategies DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-18-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Field of study: Education
Effect of Microstructure on Static Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V-4Zr-1.5Mo Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V-4Zr-1.5Mo alloy was processed with three different heat treatment processes,and equiaxed,lamellar and bimodal microstructure separately can be obtained.The test of static tension and static compression experiments carried out on the alloy with different microstructure.The fracture morphology of tension and compression samples were observed by SEM.According to the results,the effect of microstructure of the alloy on the static mechanical properties is obvious.The alloy with equiaxed microstructure owns the best ductility,but the lowest strength.The alloy with lamellar microstructure show the highest strength,but the worst ductility.The alloy with bimodal microstructure exhibits good strength and ductility.

Field of study: Materials science
The Nature and Incidence of Workgroup Innovation in the Australian Public Sector: Evidence from the Australian 2011 State of the Service Survey

Using data from a nationally representative survey of all Australian Government employees, 
we explore the nature of innovation implemented at the workgroup level and assess the multidimensionality of the workgroup’s ‘most significant innovation’ (MSI). Of the 10222 survey 
respondents, 48% reported at least one innovation implemented by their workgroup, with 
an innovation more commonly reported with an increase in the respondent’s age, seniority, 
and service experience; among men and university graduates. The results reveal that 54% of 
the reported MSIs incorporate between two and five dimensions of innovation types (policy, 
service, service delivery, administrative/organizational, and conceptual), and most of these 
dimensions reinforce each other. Different dimensions of the MSI draw on different sources 
of ideas (with senior leaders having the broadest impact), face different ‘revealed’ barriers, 
require different levels of workplace creativity, and produce different beneficial effects. Our 
findings help strengthen an understanding of the influencing factors and the effects of multidimensional public sector innovations

Field of study: Political science
Parametric amplification of plasmons and demons in 2D systems with hot electrons

We theoretically investigate charged collective modes in a two-dimensional conductor with hot electrons where the instantaneous mode frequencies gradually increase or decrease with time. We show that the loss compensation or even amplification of the modes may occur. We apply our theory to two types of collective modes in graphene, the plasmons and the energy waves, which can be probed in optical pump-probe experiments.

Field of study: Physics
The Limits of Identity: Early Modern Venice, Dalmatia, and the Representation of Difference. Karen-edis Barzman. Art and Material Culture in Medieval and Renaissance Europe 7. Leiden: Brill, 2017. xvii + 316 pp. + 52 color pls. $167.

ments due to depression. While describing her bodily functions in great detail, he reveals that “she is extremely constipated, and when she evacuates without receiving any treatment, we rejoice as if she had given birth to a baby boy” (245). In another letter, her father, Lorenzo de’ Medici, is promised a red stone from a swallow’s stomach that he can sew under the left armpit of his jacket as a cure for joint pain. Another section contains the erotic description of a festive banquet in Constantinople. By the end of the sourcebook, the reader has been given a privileged view of life as it was experienced at the height of the Renaissance. For this reader, at least, the sourcebook goes beyond its modest aim to “illustrate the richness of diplomatic documents” to illuminate the craft of history itself (5–6). As each author mines the sources to explore a particular interest, the real show is not the source material itself, but rather the variety of ways historians have engaged with it. Italian Renaissance Diplomacy provides a vivid portrait of the old adage that what we bring to the source matters as much as what the source brings to us.

Field of study: History
Stable-isotope characterization of the Miocene lacustrine systems of Los Monegros (Ebro Basin, Spain): palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications

The lacustrine carbonate facies from three allostratigraphic units (N1, N2 and N3) of Miocene age in the Los Monegros region (Ebro Basin) are characterized isotopically. The dominant facies are marls, laminated limestones, stromatolitic limestones, massive limestones and bioturbated limestones. These are associated with lacustrine sulphate deposits and distal alluvial facies. Palaeohydrological reconstructions of the study area are supported by the isotopic and the mineralogical composition of the carbonates. Massive and bioturbated limestones occupy a very similar compositional domain and have the lowest isotopic compositions of all the facies (−9‰ < δ18OPDB < −4.5‰ and −6.4‰ < δ13CPDB < −0.4‰), reflecting a short residence time of the water and variable, commonly high influence of biogenic CO2. Laminated limestones and stromatolites define a comparatively enriched domain with δ18O values ranging from −6 to 0‰ and δ13C values ranging from −3.5 to 0‰ These values indicate stronger evaporation and enhanced 12C assimilation due to intense biological activity during periods of longer water residence time. Marls have isotopic values intermediate between these two domains and correspond to periods of lacustrine dilution. Dolomite-bearing samples, mainly laminated and stromatolitic facies, show a Δ18ODOL-CAL = 7.5‰ with respect to calcite from the same facies, while δ13C values show very little enrichment (up to 1‰). The positive correlation (r = 0.85) between 18O and dolomite contents suggests that dolomite resulted from the progressive evaporative concentration of a single water mass and not from the mixing of waters of different compositions. The dolomite is thought to be primary or, at most, the product of very early diagenetic processes. The isotopic composition of the facies and their spatial and temporal variations depend on the depositional environment and were constrained by changing regional paleogeography. Isotopic trends from units N1 to N3 (Upper Agenian-Vallesian period) display a regular depletion in heavy isotopes that indicates a climatic change towards wetter conditions.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Analysis of 3D TSV Vertical Interconnection Using Pre-applied Nonconductive Films

Much research has been carried out to realize through-silicon via (TSV) technology for three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking packaging. A vertical chip interconnection method using Cu/Sn-Ag bumps and nonconductive films (NCFs) is one of the most promising approaches for 3D TSV vertical interconnection. In this work, the relationship between the viscosity of pre-applied NCFs and loading forces was investigated to predict the gap change between a TSV chip and a substrate chip. Existing theories of squeeze flow are adapted to predict the gap change of a real TSV chip and a substrate chip during TSV bonding using a simplified model. The real gaps measured during bonding of test dies were matched to check the validity of the prediction model. Considering the thixotropy of NCFs, the prediction well matched the real gap changes between bumped TSV chips and substrate chips during bonding.

Field of study: Materials science
A Creativity Support System Based on Causal Mapping

Theory development is a very complex process that requires creativity and highly specialized analytical skills. This article presents a new algorithm, based on causal mapping, for assisting in the creation of qualitative theories. This algorithm is able to conjecture and prove new theorems, to test for consistency and completeness of the theory, and to derive meta-theorems comparing the different concepts in it. The use of the algorithm is exemplified in developing a theory to explain structural inertia in organizations.

Field of study: Computer science
A survey of two stage tests of hypotheses: theory and application

This article presents a unified treatment of the state of the art in two stage tests of hypotheses. These partial sequential tests also known as double sample tests offer a compromise between fixed sample size and pure sequential tests. Two stage tests offer many of the- benefits of pure sequential Lests while minimizing their logistical and scheduling problems. Each section contains a description of the test a nonmathematical discussion and a mathematical development.

Field of study: Mathematics
Study of high-temperature oxygen permeability in Sr1 − xLaxCo0.8 − yNbyFe0.2O3 − z perovskites

The oxygen permeability of ceramic SrCo0.8 − yFe0.2NbyO3 − z (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.2) and La0.3Sr0.7Co0.6Fe0.2Nb0.2O3 − z disc membranes as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure was studied. Kinetic analysis was performed based on the experimental data on oxygen permeability as a function of oxygen partial pressure.

Field of study: Physics
Maloalcoholic fermentation by immobilized Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe TMB 1138, which are capable of metabolizing-malate, was immobilized in calcium alginate gel to carry out maloalcoholic fermentation. Four milliliters of cell suspension containing about 2.0 X 10(7) cells were entrapped in 16 ml of sodium alginate solution in order to prepare 2% Na-alginate (w/v) gel bead. After activation by incubating at 28 degrees C for 24 h in grape juice, 300 beads of immobilized cells were inoculated into the fermentation medium. After fermentation was proceeded at 25 or 28 degrees C for 24 h by shaking, it could metabolize L-malate completely and the total acidity was also reduced. Under the same condition for batch fermentation, it was found that the utilization of L-malic acid was over 97% for the first 7 days in fermentation medium, 85% for the first 4 days in grape juice and 87% for the first 4 days in wine. Furthermore, for the continuous fermentation in wine, the conversion of L-malic acid reached 92% in 24 h and could be maintained at 75% in the following 9 days.

Field of study: Biology
Lasers with distributed feedback (review)

A review is given of the published literature and the work carried out by the present authors on distributedfeedback lasers, in which optical-frequency electromagnetic oscillations are generated using structures with spatially periodic inhomogeneities (of dimensions comparable with the emission wavelength). Various methods of fabrication of such structures are considered, calculations of the principal physical parameters of distributed-feedback lasers are discussed, and experimental results obtained using various active media and pumping methods are reviewed. Some possible technical applications of such lasers are indicated. Attention is concentrated on thin-film lasers (because more work has been done on them than on other lasers), in which the distributed feedback is achieved by periodic spatial variation of the parameters of an optical waveguide.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Astrocyte-Derived CCL2 is Associated with M1 Activation and Recruitment of Cultured Microglial Cells

Microglia are an essential player in central nervous system inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the astrocytic chemokine, CCL2, is associated with microglial activation in vivo. However, CCL2-induced microglial activation has not yet been studied in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to understand the role of astrocyte-derived CCL2 in microglial activation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s).  Primary astrocytes were pre-treated with CCL2 siRNA and stimulated with TNF-α. The culture medium (CM) was collected and added to cultures of microglia, which were incubated with and without CCR2 inhibitor. Microglial cells were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR to determine whether they polarized to the M1 or M2 state. Microglial migratory ability was assessed by transwell migration assay.  TNF-α stimulated the release of CCL2 from astrocytes, even if the culture media containing TNF-α was replaced with fresh media after 3 h. CM from TNF-α-stimulated astrocytes successfully induced microglial activation, which was ascertained by increased activation of M1 and enhanced migration ability. In contrast, CM from astrocytes pretreated with CCL2 siRNA showed no effect on microglial activation, compared to controls. Additionally, microglia pre-treated with RS102895, a CCR2 inhibitor, were resistant to activation by CM from TNF-α-stimulated astrocytes.  This study demonstrates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway of astrocyte-induced microglial activation is associated with M1 polarization and enhanced migration ability, indicating that this pathway could be a useful target to ameliorate inflammation in the central nervous system.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Molecular genetic basis of sudden cardiac death.

In this review, the up-to-date understanding of the molecular basis of disorders causing sudden death will be described. Two arrhythmic disorders causing sudden death have recently been well described at the molecular level, the long QT syndromes (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome, and in this article we will review the current scientific knowledge of each disease. A third disorder, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a myocardial disorder causing sudden death, has also been well studied. Finally, a disorder in which both myocardial abnormalities and rhythm abnormalities coexist, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) will also be described. The role of the pathologist in these studies will be highlighted.

Field of study: Biology, Medicine
METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENDOSULFAN CONTAMINATED ELUENT

Management of Endosulfan contaminated eluent (24 mg/l) resulting from a treatment process to remove Endosulfan from water with wood charcoal, was attempted using various methods viz. volatilisation, hydrolysis and sorption by viable cell bacteria with and without acclimatisation. Volatilisation failed in giving better result, as Endosulfan was not considerably volatile. It could achieve a removal efficiency of 1.4–2%. Hydrolysis resulted in 28.4% and 17.9% removal of Endosulfan in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Viable cell bacteria (aerobic) without prior acclimatization showed efficiency of 89.7% and after prior acclimatisation showed 96% removal efficiency. Sorption by the acclimatized biomass was found a suitable method for the removal of Endosulfan at a concentration of 24 mg/l.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
A new generalization of the KMOV cryptosystem

The KMOV scheme is a public key cryptosystem based on an RSA modulus $$n=pq$$n=pq where p and q are large prime numbers with $$p\equiv q\equiv 2\pmod 3$$p≡q≡2(mod3). It uses the points of an elliptic curve with equation $$y^2\equiv x^3+b\pmod n$$y2≡x3+b(modn). In this paper, we propose a generalization of the KMOV cryptosystem with a prime power modulus of the form $$n=p^{r}q^{s}$$n=prqs and study its resistance to the known attacks.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Glucose metabolism by human placental villi.

1. Glucose phosphorylation rates of about 1 mumole/g./min. have been measured at room temperature in homogenates of human placental chorionic villi, and these rates are relatively constant throughout gestation. 2. This reaction has an apparent K(m) for glucose of 3x10(-5)m both in early and term placenta. 3. Human foetal membranes, the amnion and chorion, also phosphorylate glucose at a rate about equal to that of the placenta. 4. On incubation of intact bits of villus tissue from 8-12-week or full-term placenta with labelled pyruvate, followed by paper chromatography of the tissue extract, the following distribution of label was observed: residual pyruvate, 40-60%; lactate, 30-50%; glucose, 6%; fructose, 7%; sorbitol, 0.6%. 5. The concept of the placenta acting as a foetal liver during early pregnancy is inconsistent with the observation that glucose production by this organ persists up to term.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Triband High-Temperature Superconducting Bandpass Filters Using Multimode Resonators

In this paper, a simple multimode resonator (MMR) is proposed to design a compact triband high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter (BPF). The MMR is constructed with three transmission line sections with different characteristic impedance, named asymmetric trisection stepped-impedance resonator (TSIR). Asymmetric TSIR can produce three controllable resonant modes, and its resonant characteristics are analyzed based on the transmission line theory. Meanwhile, some graphs for the relationship of size parameters and ratio of resonances are built for design conveniently. For demonstration, a second-order triband HTS BPF that centered at 1.5/3.5/5.8 GHz is well designed. The filters are fabricated on a 0.5-mm-thick MgO wafer with double-sided YBCO thin films and measured at the temperature of 77 K. Measured results agree well with the simulated ones and show that the insertion losses in all passbands are less than 0.16 dB, which exhibit superiority in midband insertion loss.

Field of study: Physics
A novel probabilistic risk analysis to determine the vulnerability of ecosystems to extreme climatic events

We present a simple method of probabilistic risk analysis for ecosystems. The only requirements are time series—modelled or measured—of environment and ecosystem variables. Risk is defined as the product of hazard probability and ecosystem vulnerability. Vulnerability is the expected difference in ecosystem performance between years with and without hazardous conditions. We show an application to drought risk for net primary productivity of coniferous forests across Europe, for both recent and future climatic conditions.

Field of study: Environmental science