nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Der sichtbare Teil des Nordlichtspektrums

ZusammenfassungDie in einer früheren Arbeit angegebenen Wellenlängen für den sichtbaren Teil des Nordlichtspektrums müssen wegen einer nachgewiesenen Störung des Vergleichsspektrums korrigiert werden. Die Korrektionstabelle und die korrigierten Wellenlängen sind angegeben. Nach der Korrektion ist der Unterschied zwischen den roten Linien 6303, 6368 und den Sauerstofflinien (1D2−3P2,1) nicht größer, als daß er auf Meßfehlern beruhen könnte. Zu einer Mitteilung von L. A. Sommer werden einige Bemerkungen gemacht.

Field of study: Physics
Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) protein isolate and organoclay nanocomposite coatings on shelf life and quality of fresh-cut pear.

Edible coatings may contribute to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits by reducing moisture and solute migration, gas exchange, respiration, and oxidative reaction rates, as well as by reducing or even suppressing physiological disorders. The objective of this study was to apply edible coatings from protein isolate of Whitemouth croaker with organoclay Montmorillonite in fresh-cut pear, throughout the storage of 12 days at 4±1°C, and assess their properties and verify the effectiveness of this coating as a barrier against the weight loss of pear, aiming to increase its shelf life. The different coatings applied with and without montmorillonite in freshcut pear were effective during the 12 days of storage. The CPI and montmorillonite coating applied to Fresh-Cut pear showed lower weight loss (4.68%), lower microbial growth and a smaller decrease of firmness, lightness and pH, and therefore showed the best results in coating of fresh-cut pear.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Current situation and developing countermeasures for the socialization of employee sports management systems in China

Basing his research object on Industrial Sports Association and Local Employee Sports Association and their management systems,the author analyzed the current situation of employee sports in China and the relation between sports community and management system in the process of socialization,and revealed that currently sports communities were still depending on their own resources,having weak capability for self-government,and difficult to survive without the original system,and that relevant laws and regulations were out of date. The author offered suggestions for actions,such as gradually implementing the mode of procurement of sports communities by the government,establishing the mechanism of legislation of sports community organizations,cultivating industry leading social sports organizations,and establishing dedicated funds.

Field of study: Education
On generalized property (v) for bounded linear operators

An operator T acting on a Banach space X has property (gw) if σa(T ) \ σ SBF− + (T ) = E(T ), where σa(T ) is the approximate point spectrum of T , σSBF− + (T ) is the upper semi-B-Weyl spectrum of T and E(T ) is the set of all isolated eigenvalues of T . We introduce and study two new spectral properties (v) and (gv) in connection with Weyl type theorems. Among other results, we show that T satisfies (gv) if and only if T satisfies (gw) and σ(T ) = σa(T ).

Field of study: Mathematics
Impact of Televised Songs on Children's and Young Adults' Memory of Educational Content

In two experiments, children's and young adults' memory of content presented via educational televised songs from School House Rock was examined. Single exposures favored verbal over sung presentations for recognition of important verbal content. After repeated exposure to a second vignette, children and adults remembered more educational material verbatim, and boys were better able to sequence important visual material, but participants still did not recognize significant verbal program content. The results suggest that songs improve verbatim memory, but spoken presentations improve verbal comprehension of content. Policy implications concerning the educational and informational requirements of the Children's Television Act are considered.

Field of study: Psychology
1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Induces Nitric Oxide Production in Cultured Endothelial Cells

Recently, 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (vitD) has received increasing interest for its effects on many tissues and organs other than bone. A number of experimental studies have shown that vitD may have an important role in modifying risk for cardiovascular disease.  This study was planned to test the effects of vitD on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and to study the intracellular pathways leading to NO release.  In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultures the effects of vitD on NO production and p38, Akt, ERK and eNOS phosphorylations were examined in absence or in presence of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME and protein kinases specific inhibitors SB203580, wortmannin and UO126.  VitD caused a concentration-dependent increase in NO production. The maximum effect was observed at a concentration of 1 nM and the optimal time of stimulation was 1 min. Effects induced by vitD were abolished by L-NAME and by pre-treatment with protein kinases inhibitors. To verify the effective involvement of vitD receptor (VDR) in the action mechanism of vitD, experiments were repeated in presence of the specific VDR ligands ZK159222 and ZK191784.  The results of this study demonstrate that vitD can induce a significant increase in endothelial NO production. VitD interaction with VDR caused the phosphorylation of p38, AKT and ERK leading to eNOS activation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Indirect evidence for strong coupling superconductivity in FeSe under pressure from first-principle calculations

Whether the pairing mechanism for superconductivity in iron-based superconductors is of itinerant or local character is a question still debated on. In order to investigate the influence of Fermi surface nesting, we calculate from first-principles the static susceptibility of FeSe under applied pressures, both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic. We show that the electronic band structures are highly sensitive to the way pressure is applied and confront our theoretical results with conclusions drawn from experiments. Given that the critical temperature of FeSe is quite universal as function of pressure, this is clear evidence that in FeSe the evolution of Fermi surface nesting cannot account for the evolution of the critical temperature with pressure. Hence we argue that the pairing in iron-chalcogenide compounds should be of strong-coupling spin fluctuation origin.

Field of study: Physics
An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping

Architectural prototyping is the process of using executable code to investigate stakeholders' software architecture concerns with respect to a system under development. Previous work has established this as a useful and cost-effective way of exploration and learning of the design space of a system and in addressing issues regarding quality attributes, architectural risks, and the problem of knowledge transfer and conformance. However, the actual industrial use of architectural prototyping has not been thoroughly researched so far. In this article, we report from three studies of architectural prototyping in practice. First, we report findings from an ethnographic study of practicing software architects. Secondly, we report from a focus group on architectural prototyping involving architects from four companies. And, thirdly, we report from a survey study of 20 practicing software architects and software developers. Our findings indicate that architectural prototyping plays an important and frequent role in resolving problems experimentally, but less so in exploring alternative solutions. Furthermore, architectural prototypes include end-user or business related functionality rather than purely architectural functionality. Based on these observations we provide recommendations for effective industrial architectural prototyping.

Field of study: Computer science, Engineering
Dance with a fish? Sensory human-nonhuman encounters in the waterscape of match fishing

This study sets out to explore human–nonhuman encounters in the leisure activity of match fishing. Informed by practice theory, studies on the body and the senses, and the human–animal literature, it focuses on analysing the practice-specific, embodied and sensory doings and sayings of both humans and nonhumans during match fishing. The findings from three-year sensory ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Finnish Lapland suggest that human–nonhuman encounters can be characterised as partner dancing. That is, this phenomenon is tantamount to a dance between a fish and an angler taking place in a dancehall of water, in which the weather acts as an orchestra framing the rhythm and tempo of the dance. Considering both fish and anglers, the study emphasises the agential and embodied quality of human–nonhuman encounters. It challenges the dominant position of the human, suggesting a move from anthropomorphism to zoomorphism – animalising the angler in a dance with a fish. The study also provides novel insights into the dynamic nature of a waterscape, highlighting its dual nature consisting of the underwater world and the above-water world. In summary, this study offers a detailed account of the dynamic interactions between humans, nonhumans and the natural environment.

Field of study: Sociology
A Global Map Construction Method of the Robot Football System Based on Support Degree

Due to the sensor accuracy and the unknown noises from the circumstance in the game,the accuracy of the observation of the robot will be more or less influenced,which lead to the inaccuracy of the global map construction in the game.So proposes a method of universal map construction based on support degree.This method uses the definition of relative distance and the advantages of the membership function in the fuzzy set theory,through the mining of the inter-support degree among the observations of the robots,reasonably distributes each observation with the weight in the fusing process,which attains the goal of constructing the global map accurately.Through simulation examples,verifies the validity of the method.

Field of study: Computer science
Carbonate oxygen isotope paleoaltimetry: evaluating the effect of diagenesis on paleoelevation estimates for the Tibetan plateau

Carbonate oxygen isotope paleoaltimetry is based on analysis of the d 18 O value of carbonate precipitated from surface water. Deciphering the diagenetic history is important for establishing whether particular carbonates are accurate recorders of paleosurface waters, which reflect paleoelevation. This study provides examples from southern, east–central, and northeastern Tibet of approaches aimed at evaluating the diagenetic history of lacustrine micrites and pedogenic carbonates. The most desirable technique for avoiding erroneous interpretations related to diagenetic overprinting is to analyze carbonates that are known to be primary, such as aragonitic shell material. In rocks that do not contain shell material, we have compared lacustrine micrites and pedogenic carbonates to diagenetic carbonate phases to determine the effects of diagenesis on the isotopic composition of primary carbonates. Where the potential effects of diagenesis are subtle or ambiguous, we have evaluated the fidelity of the carbonate record from systematic trends in C and O isotopes that agree with other interpretations of paleoenvironment, such as high frequency covariance in C and O that corresponds with changes in the Mg concentration of carbonates. Using these strategies, we have determined that diagenesis has not affected the isotopic composition of carbonates in the Late Miocene–Pliocene Thakkhola graben in southern Tibet and the Oligocene to Pliocene Linxia basin in northeastern Tibet. In the case of Paleogene basins in east–central Tibet, however, ambiguity in data precludes the determination of diagenetic effects. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
The key role of vasa vasorum inherited remodeling in QBS microcirculatory theory of atherosclerosis

In the present article, the Authors spread their clinical understanding of genetics and biology of heart failure directly from the bedside investigation of biological systems dynamics through an original diagnostic method with the simple use of the stethoscope, i.e., assessing the splenic arrhythmia (Stagnaro, 1985a) or Morosini's syndrome (Stagnaro and Caramel, 2012a). 
 
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), today's growing epidemic, is the first cause of death in world-wide. Despite all the current researches, there are still many open questions, such as the well-localized origin of initial endothelial dysfunction and the relationship between genetic causes and environmental risk factors (about 300!) in atherogenesis. For example, not all patients with intense hyper-dyslipidemia are atherosclerotic, and there are individuals suffering of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in spite of absent dyslipidemia and type 2 DM. 
 
On the other hand, one wonders why a large number of patients with hyperinsulinemia-insulin-resistance, hypertension, hyper dyslipidemia live to old age without getting CVD. On the contrary, even without environmental risk factors for atherosclerosis (ATS), in several patients we can see the onset of AMI and stroke. Notoriously, CVD occurs even in individuals without common risk factors, while the CVD may be absent in smoking subjects with impaired blood counts and hypertension.

Field of study: Biology
Arginine metabolism in insects. Role of arginase in proline formation during silkmoth development.

1. Ornithine delta-transaminase (l-ornithine-2-oxo acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13) and Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase [l-proline-NAD(P) 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.2] were demonstrated in fat-body and flight-muscle tissues of the silkmoth Hyalophora gloveri. Arginase (l-arginine ureohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) is also present in these tissues. 2. Arginase, ornithine transaminase and pyrroline-carboxylate reductase are generally considered to make up the catabolic pathway for the conversion of arginine into proline. The conversion of l-[U-(14)C]arginine into [(14)C]proline by intact fat-body tissue was used to show that the enzymes in insect fat body also function in this capacity. 3. Of the three enzymes of the catabolic pathway, only arginase increased during adult development and the increase coincided with the emergence of the winged adult moth. Since proline appears to be a major substrate utilized in insect flight metabolism, the increase in arginase activity at this stage suggests a major role for arginase in proline formation.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Zinc Borates: Functionalized Hard Nucleophiles for Coupling Reactions with Secondary Allylic Acetates

We have succeeded in developing zinc borates of the general structure 3 for coupling reaction with allylic acetates. The advantages of using compounds 3 are their compatibility with carbonyl groups such as aldehyde, ketone, and ester groups, and their high reactivity toward secondary allylic acetates. Zinc borates 3 were prepared from boronate esters 1 [RT = p-(CHO)C6H4, p-(Ac)C6H4, p-{Ac(CH2)2}C6H4, p-(AcOCH2)C6H4, p-{AcO(CH2)3}C6H4, p-{EtO2C(CH2)2}C6H4, (E)-CH=CH(CH2)4OAc] with MeZnCl; subsequent treatment with allylic acetates 4 [R = n-C5H11, c-C6H11, (CH2)2CH(−O(CH2)2O−)] in the presence of NiCl2(PPh3)2 (10 mol-%) in THF−DMI (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) (10 equiv.) at 40−50 °C overnight furnished the coupling products 5 in good yields. Among the products, 5bb, possessing one free and one protected aldehyde group, is a highlight of this type of reaction. The stereochemical aspects of the reaction were also examined. Thus, the alkenyl groups of (E)- and (Z)-alkenyl borates 3b and c were transformed with retention of the olefinic geometry into acetates 4a and b (R = n-C5H11, c-C6H11), while reaction of cyclic acetate 11 proceeded with inversion at the carbon center involved in the reaction. In addition, we found that the anions generated from (EtO)2P(=O)CH2CO2Et and (MeO)2P(=O)CH2Ac under Masamune’s conditions attacked the aldehyde carbon in the boronate 1d to produce — after reduction of the double bond — the boronate esters 1i and 1j, respectively, in good yields.

Field of study: Chemistry
Successive Approximation Procedures for Wheel-Turning Avoidance Learning

Attempts to establish high levels of wheel-turning avoidance in rats using the traditional avoidance paradigm have met with indifferent success. In this study, 3 new paradigms, each involving gradual transitions from escape to avoidance, were evaluated under both free-responding and discrete-trial conditions. All 3 programs tended to produce more frequent avoidances than the conventional one and the discrete-trial method proved superior to the free-response arrangement.

Field of study: Psychology
What is a safe waiting time for coronary artery bypass surgery?

To determine the factors that influenced doctors' prioritization and decisions on safe waiting time for coronary artery bypass surgery, 50 'paper patients', based on a random sample of cases who actually had surgery, were assessed by 33 clinicians. We used linear regression models to reflect the impact of clinical and non-clinical 'cues' on safe waiting time and priority decisions. The benefits of surgery tended to be over-estimated. For example, the average perceived gain in life expectancy for patients with left main-stem disease was 6.74 years. However, models incorporating only the perceptions of benefit as independent variables (i.e. the anticipated symptom reduction, MI risk reduction and life expectancy extension), had only modest explanatory power (mean R2 was 0.55 for safe waiting time, and 0.56 for priority decisions). Models which incorporated perceptions of benefit and the cases' clinical and non-clinical characteristics had generally much higher explanatory power (mean R2, 0.83 and 0.86, respectively). Lifestyle and demographic variables had much less impact on the doctors' judgements than the major clinical cues of angina severity and left main-stem stenosis. Demographic and lifestyle cues had different impacts on safe waiting time and priority for about 25% of doctors.

Field of study: Medicine
Economic Analysis of Thermal Power Plant Technological Transformation on the Steam Turbine Venting Part

The traditional straight condensing turbine possesses some defects such as backward in technique,low running efficiency and high coal consumption.In order to realize energy conservation and pollution emissions reduction,advanced full three-dimensional technology is used to transform its venting part and cylinder air-bleed hole.These transformations can not only avoid accidents but also possess flexible combined heat and power generation performance.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Several problems in analysis of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba by high performance liquid chromatography

The operating conditions in several key links for analysis of contents of flavonoids from the leaves of ginkgo biloba by high performance liquid chromatography( hplc) have been investigated, they included the composition of hydrolysis solution, the temperature and the time of the hydrolysis. the possibility of using only one standard of quercetin to evaluate the contents of three flavonoids, i.e. quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin at a wavelength of 370nm was demonstrated. the selected hydrolysis conditions were using of a 5.5%( w/v) hcl in methanol as hydrolysis solution at 85 similar to 90 degrees c oil bath where temperature hold slight boiling and to reflux for 1.3 hrs. hplc conditions were bio-sil ods,5 mu m, column, 150 x 4.0 mm i.d., meoh/0.4%( v/v) phosphoric acid aquious solution(57: 43) as the mobile phase and detection at 370 nm. the satisfactory recovery and analytical accuracy can be obtained under these operating conditions.

Field of study: Chemistry
Über zweiatomige Molekeln

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit wird ein empirischer Ausdruck für die Dielektrizitätskonstante der zweiatomigen Molekel an H Cl, H Br, CO, N2 geprüft und gezeigt, daß das Bohrsche Modell der zweiatomigen Molekel mit Erfolg auf die oben genannten Verbindungen anzuwenden ist. Endlich wird gezeigt, daß die allgemein angenommene Theorie der Dielektrika nicht imstande ist, durch Benutzung des oben erwähnten Modells den empirisch aufgestellten Ausdruck der Dielektrizitätskonstante wiederzugeben.

Field of study: Physics
ArchBean Method for Reusing Software at Design Stage

Currently,the main problem of reusing software architecture at software design stage is that it is difficult to reuse software architecture products,though they are valuable and plentiful in amount.This paper proposes a method called ArchBean supporting the reuse of architectural level designs.Based on reflection mechanism,the ArchBean method encapsulates reusing meta information and software architecture products into coarse granularity reusable resource which are self-description and self-containment.It also proposes a reflection mechanism RMRSA and a reflective software architecture supporting the method.It describes the PMB protocols based on formal specification language Object-Z.Moreover,this paper illustrates the design and implementation process of supporting tool ArchBean Studio based on ArchBean method in detail.

Field of study: Computer science
Adjustment on Global Value Chains of Enterprises and Corresponding Revaluation on Human Resource--from the New Financial Storm Perspective

Impacted by the new financial storm, enterprises open up the source and regulate the flow one after another in order to confront the crisis. One hand, they greatly cut management costs, especially those of human resource, as its costs account for large percent but show small effects. On the other hand, they make every effort to exploit market for smooth capital flow, i.e. rapid gain of short-term benefits. This temporary adjustment can help enterprises cross crisis temporarily, but it doesn’t benefit long-term development of enterprises. Particularly, when human resource is seriously under evaluated, it is harmful for cultivating of core competitiveness of enterprises, which will directly cause enterprises’ immersion in financial storm without getting through, and affect sustainable development of enterprises.

Field of study: Business
[Peripheral autonomic nervous system function in patients with hypothalamic insufficiency].

Peripheral vegetative nervous system state was estimated in 61 patients with constitutional acquired hypothalamic insufficiency by using non-invasive methods. Control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals. Cardiovascular tests application led to the evaluation of subclinical parasympathetic vegetative insufficiency. In was more prominent in patients with early neuroendocrine disorders debut as well as in those with more protracted disease durations. The authors suggest that these findings testify the constitutional acquired character of disturbances. Besides it was also found the conductivity velocity fall in sudomotor preganglionic fibers in arms and legs and the prevalence of such disorders in patients with expressed dysraphic status. The last observation may testify the defect in laying of these peripheral vegetative fibers. The study carried out permits to suppose that subclinical peripheral insufficiency occur to be one of the factors evoking rise either of permanent (tachycardia, arterial pressure elevation, hyperhidrosis) or of paroxysmal vegetative disturbances (panic attacks, migraine) in patients with hypothalamic insufficiency.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology