nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Silver-Antimony-Tin 
Alloys Determined from Electrochemical and Calorimetric Measurements

The thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag-Sb-Sn alloys were obtained through use of the drop solution calorimetric method and electromotive force (emf) measurements of galvanic cells with a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte. The experiments were carried out along Ag0.25Sb0.75, Ag0.5Sb0.5 and Ag0.75Sb0.25 sections of the ternary system in the temperature range from 973 K to 1223 K. From the measured emf, the tin activity in liquid solutions of Ag-Sb-Sn was determined for the first time. The partial and integral enthalpy of mixing were determined from calorimetric measurements at two temperatures. These measurements were performed along two cross-sections: Sb0.5Sn0.5 at 912 K and 1075 K, and Ag0.75Sb0.25 at 1075 K. Both experimental data sets were used to find ternary interaction parameters by applying the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu model of the substitutional solution. Consequently, the set of parameters describing the thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase was derived.

Field of study: Materials science
Technical considerations in transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery at the thoracolumbar junction: report of 3 cases.

In this study the authors describe the technical considerations and feasibility of transforaminal discectomy and foraminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in patients who have herniated discs at the thoracolumbar junction.  After institutional review board approval, charts from 3 consecutive patients with lumbar radiculopathy and T12-L1 herniated discs who underwent endoscopic procedures between 2006 and 2014 were reviewed.  Consecutive cases (n = 1316) were reviewed to determine the incidence and success of surgery performed at the T12-L1 level. Only 3 patients (0.23%) treated with endoscopic surgery for their herniated discs had T12-L1 herniated discs; the rest were lumbar or lumbosacral herniations. For patients with T12-L1 disc herniations, the average preoperative visual analog scale score was 8.3 (indicated in the questionnaire as describing severe and constant pain). The average 1-year postoperative visual analog scale score was 1.7 (indicated in the questionnaire as mild and intermittent pain).  Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy can be used as a safe yet minimally invasive technique for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in the setting of a thoracolumbar disc herniation.

Field of study: Medicine
Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors to focus hard X-rays in two dimensions as fabricated, tested and installed at the Advanced Photon Source.

The micro-focusing performance for hard X-rays of a fixed-geometry elliptical Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirrors assembly fabricated, tested and finally implemented at the micro-probe beamline 8-BM of the Advanced Photon Source is reported. Testing of the K-B mirror system was performed at the optics and detector test beamline 1-BM. K-B mirrors of length 80 mm and 60 mm were fabricated by profile coating with Pt metal to produce focal lengths of 250 mm and 155 mm for 3 mrad incident angle. For the critical angle of Pt, a broad bandwidth of energies up to 20 keV applies. The classical K-B sequential mirror geometry was used, and mirrors were mounted on micro-translation stages. The beam intensity profiles were measured by differentiating the curves of intensity data measured using a wire-scanning method. A beam size of 1.3 µm (V) and 1.2 µm (H) was measured with monochromatic X-rays of 18 keV at 1-BM. After installation at 8-BM the measured focus met the design requirements. In this paper the fabrication and metrology of the K-B mirrors are reported, as well as the focusing performances of the full mirrors-plus-mount set-up at both beamlines.

Field of study: Physics
Fabrication and test of a superconducting coil for SMES systems

To develop a stable and compact small-sized superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) coil, which provides electric power with high quality to sensitive electric loads, we fabricated a SMES coil and tested it. Because such a large-sized superconducting coil quenches far away from its critical current, the recovery current is frequently used as a stability criterion in the coil fabrication. Therefore, we first investigated the recovery current characteristics of the large current conductor, which was used in our SMES coil fabrication. The test results indicate that the recovery currents measured in the conductor are nearly identical to those based on the single wire. This implies that the recovery current is affected by the conductor's cooling condition rather than its size and current capacity. In the SMES coil test the first quench occurred at 1250 A, which is equivalent to the stored energy of about 2 MJ. It corresponds to the quench current density of about 130 A/mm/sup 2/. This value is much higher in comparison with that reported in the other work. In addition, the first quench current of the coil agrees well with the measured recovery current of the conductor having similar cooling condition with it. This means that to determine the recovery current of a conductor is, first of all, important in the design and fabrication of a large-sized superconducting coil.

Field of study: Physics
Effects of morphometric traits on body weight for juvenile Polyodon spathuln

The relationships between morphometric traits and body weight of juvenile Polyodon spathuln for 30 d and 41d were analyzed in this study.Nine morphometric traits including total length(X1),head length(X2),snout length(X3),body width(X4),head width(X5),interorbital distance(X6),body depth(X7),head depth(X8) and body weight(Y) from 120 P.spathuln were measured.The correlation coefficients and path coefficients were calculated by correlation analysis,path analysis and multiple regression analysis.The results showed that all the correlation coeffi-cients of each morphometric trait to body weight were all at extremely significant level(P0.01),excepting for the correlation coefficients of head length to body weight of 41 d P.spathuln.The path coefficients of total length,body width,head width and head depth for 30 d P.spathuln to body weight all achieved very significant level(P0.01).The path coefficients of total length,body depth,head width,interorbital distance and body width for 41d P.spathuln to body weight all achieved very significant level(P0.01).There were some difference in the direct effect of mor-phometric traits to body weight in different years old,but the path coefficients of total length,body width and head width to body weight for 30 d and 41 d P.spathuln all achieved very significant level(P0.01),among which total length was the most predominant variable to affect body weight.The diversification of determinant coefficients analysis was consistent with that of path analysis.The morphometric traits which reached level of significance(P0.05) were used to establish the multiple regression equations,which were LgY =-3.808 + 1.759 Lg X1 + 0.235 Lg X5 + 0.336 Lg X7 + 0.308 Lg X4 in 30 d P.spathuln and LgY =-3.374 + 1.328 Lg X1 + 0.591 Lg X8 + 0.253 Lg X4 + 0.231 Lg X6 + 0.198 Lg X5 in 41 d P.spathuln,respectively.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Multidimensional Data Visualization Using Aggregation Method of Differential Privacy Equipartition k-means

Privacy preserving data mining developed rapidly in recent years,on the other hand,there is a dearth of research on privacy preserving data visualization,w hich have w ide range of applications.Differential privacy is a new promising privacy-preserving paradigm,in fact,w e are not aw are of any existing multidimensional data visualization method under differential privacy.In this paper,w e study how to preserve priavcy in the process of data visualization.existing DP k-means algorithm is mainly of theoretical interest because it doesn't w ork at large k w hich is necessary in data aggregation.Motivated by this,w e propose e-Differential Privacy Equipartition k-means(DPE k-means),a method w hich w ork better at large k.w e find it eliminate a majority of data overlapping,greatly improve the visualization image quality under a certain privacy level.Our experiments show that at the same e,DPE k-means gets a much higher aggregation quality level than existing DP k-means method.

Field of study: Computer science
Twenty years after Jaffré et al. (1998), is the system of protected areas now adequate in New Caledonia?

Protected areas are the cornerstone on which conservation strategies are often built. Adapting systems of protected areas to rapid global changes is critical to meet the challenge of conservation in biodiversity hotspots. Twenty years ago, Jaffré et al. (Biodivers Conserv 7:109–135, 1998) warned that the system of protected areas in the global biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia was not adequate to conserve the threatened plant species. Here, we examine changes in major threats to the New Caledonian flora and whether the system of protected areas has been improved to address these threats. While some improvements have been made, many key shortcomings identified by Jaffré et al. (Biodivers Conserv 7:109–135, 1998) have not been addressed and the majority of threatened species remain outside protected area. During the same time, thousands of hectares of vegetation have burned outside and inside protected areas, a hundred new mining concessions were issued and the rate of nickel mining has doubled. Better protection of remaining natural vegetation on ultramafic substrates, which are severely impacted by both mining activities and fires, is urgently needed. Further convergence between research and conservation actions is needed to tackle increasing threats to the unique New Caledonian flora.

Field of study: Environmental science
Genetic Study of Severe Prolonged Lymphopenia in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Dimethyl Fumarate

In delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF)-treated patients, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) often declines in the first year and stabilizes thereafter; early declines have been associated with development of severe prolonged lymphopenia (SPL). Prolonged moderate or severe lymphopenia is a known risk factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); DMF-associated PML is very rare. It is unknown whether genetic predictors of SPL secondary to DMF treatment exist. We aimed to identify genetic predictors of reduced white blood cell (WBC) counts in DMF-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Genotyping (N = 1,258) and blood transcriptional profiling (N = 1,133) were performed on MS patients from DEFINE/CONFIRM. ALCs were categorized as: SPL, < 500 cells/µL for ≥6 months; moderate prolonged lymphopenia (MPL), < 800 cells/µL for ≥6 months, excluding SPL; mildly reduced lymphocytes, < 910 cells/µL at any point, excluding SPL and MPL; no lymphopenia, ≥910 cells/µL. Genome-wide association, HLA, and cross-sectional gene expression studies were performed. No common variants, HLA alleles, or expression profiles clinically useful for predicting SPL or MPL were identified. There was no overlap between genetic peaks and genetic loci known to be associated with WBC. Gene expression profiles were not associated with lymphopenia status. A classification model including gene expression features was not more predictive of lymphopenia status than standard covariates. There were no genetic predictors of SPL (or MPL) secondary to DMF treatment. Our results support ALC monitoring during DMF treatment as the most effective way to identify patients at risk of SPL.

Field of study: Biology
Involvement of p38 and p42/44 MAP kinases and protein kinase C in the interferon-gamma and interleukin-1alpha-induced phosphorylation of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2) in primary human bronchial epithelial cells.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) play an important role in the modulation of acute and chronic airway inflammation. Both IFN-gamma and IL-1 are known to increase the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from airway epithelial cells, suggesting that AA metabolites may mediate the cytokine-induced inflammation. This study was designed to examine the direct effect of IFN-gamma and IL-alpha on the phosphorylation of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and AA release in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Treatment with IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha for 15 min induced a rapid increase of AA release from NHBE cells, which was blocked by the cPLA(2) inhibitor MAFP (p<0.05) but not by the sPLA(2) inhibitor LY311727 or iPLA(2) inhibitor HELSS. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis showed that both IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha induced a rapid phosphorylation of cPLA(2). The IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha-induced cPLA(2) phosphorylation and AA release in the NHBE cells were inhibited by the p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, p42/44 MAPK inhibitor PD98059 and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. These results demonstrate the involvement of p38 and p42/44 MAPKs as well as PKC in the IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha-induced cPLA(2) phosphorylation and AA release in human airway epithelial cells.

Field of study: Medicine
RATCHETING-FATIGUE INTERACTION OF ANNEALED 42CrMo STEEL AND ITS FAILURE MODEL

The uniaxial ratcheting behavior and the ratcheting-fatigue interaction of annealed 42CrMo steel were studied by tests at room temperature. The ratcheting and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of the material were investigated in uniaxial cyclic stressing. It is shown that the ratcheting deformation produced in asymmetrical cyclic stressing decreases the fatigue life of the material, and that the LCF life of the material depends on the applied mean stress, stress amplitude, maximum stress and stress ratio. Based on the experimental results, a simple and reasonable failure model based on the applied maximum stress and stress ratio is constructed to simulate the fatigue life of the material in asymmetrical cyclic stressing. In the developed model, the effect of ratcheting on the failure life is addressed. The comparison with the experimental results shows that the model gives good predicted results for the fatigue life in asymmetrical cyclic stressing. All of the calculated fatigue lives are kept within the twice-error bounds.

Field of study: Engineering
Flow termination signaling in the centralized pre-congestion notification architecture

Pre-congestion notification (PCN) protects inelastic traffic by using feedback on network link loads on and acting upon this accordingly. These actions comprise to admission control and termination of flows. Two PCN architectures have been defined by IETF: the centralized and decentralized PCN architecture. The decentralized PCN architecture has received much attention in the literature whereas the centralized PCN architecture has not. In the decentralized architecture, feedback is sent from the egress nodes to ingress nodes, which then take and apply decisions regarding admission of new flows and/or termination of ongoing flows. Signaling occurs only between ingress and egress nodes. In the centralized architecture these decisions are made at a central node, which requires proper signaling for action and information exchange between the central node and the egress and ingress nodes. This signaling has been suggested by other authors, but is not fully defined yet. Our contribution is twofold. We define signaling in the centralized PCN architecture focussing on flow termination, which completes the definition of the signaling in the centralized PCN architecture. Secondly, we run extensive simulations showing that the proposed signaling works well and that the performances of the centralized PCN and the decentralized PCN architectures are similar. Hence, it is expected that results from existing research on the effectiveness of decentralized PCN are also valid when the centralized PCN architecture is used.

Field of study: Computer science
Über statistische Näherungen für Vielelektronenprobleme

ZusammenfassungZunächst wird gezeigt, daß man die Bohr-Sommerfeldsche Quantenbedingung für den radialen Impuls ausgehend von der statistischen Theorie des Atoms sehr anschaulich begründen kann: Diese Quantenbedingung erweist sich im Falle von Atomen als eine naturgemäße Normierungsbedingung. Im Anschluß hieran wird für das in einer früheren Arbeit entwickelte Zusatzpotential, welches im Falle von Elektronen dem Paulischen Besetzungsverbot der energetisch tiefer liegenden Quantenzustände Rechnung trägt, eine höhere Näherung hergeleitet.

Field of study: Physics
Preferential expression of an AAV-2 construct in NOS-positive interneurons following intrastriatal injection.

Most CNS studies using recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV-2) vectors have focused on gene delivery for the purpose of gene therapy. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using rAAV-2 vectors to study the regulation of preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) promoter activity in striatal medium spiny projection neurons. An rAAV-2 vector incorporating a PPT promoter fragment (shown previously to confer some cell-specificity of expression in vitro) coupled to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene was stereotaxically injected into the rat striatum. Since medium spiny projection neurons represent the predominant neuronal type (90-95%) in the striatum, we predicted that the vast majority of GFP-expressing cells would be of this phenotype. Surprisingly, the transgene was actually expressed in a similar number of medium spiny projection neurons and interneurons, while glial expression of GFP was not observed. A preponderance of GFP-expressing interneurons was immunoreactive for the marker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Our results suggest that viral vector-related events that occur during transduction are the determining factor in the pattern of transgene expression observed, while the influence of the transgene promoter appears to be secondary, at least under the conditions employed.

Field of study: Biology
[Effects of propafenone on electrophysiologic changes caused by alteration of left ventricular afterload in anesthetized rabbits].

To study effects of propafenone (Pro) on ventricular electrophysiologic changes caused by alteration of left ventricular afterload of rabbit heart.



Before and after i.v. Pro 3 mg.kg-1, changing afterload of left ventricle (LV), occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia, left ventricular diastolic thresholds (VDT), relative refractory period (RRP), effective refractory period (ERP), dispersion of refractory period, and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were recorded.



Increasing afterload of LV increased temporal dispersion of RRP and ERP [from 11 +/- 4 and 6 +/- 3 ms to 18 +/- 8 and 13 +/- 8 ms (+delta P = 8.4 +/- 2.9 kPa) individually (P < 0.05)] and decreased VFT [from 5.5 +/- 1.0 V to 3.9 +/- 0.9 V (P < 0.01)]; Ventricular arrhythmia was seen in all rabbits. But reducing left ventricular afterload did not alter the electrophysiologic parameters in LV and did not induce ventricular arrhythmia. Pro i.v. prolonged RRP and ERP, increased VDT and VFT (P < 0.01); Increasing or decreasing left ventricular afterload did not cause much alteration of ventricular electrophysiologic parameters (P > 0.05).



Pro inhibited increase of dispersion of refractory period and decrease of VFT caused by increase of left ventricular afterload and has an effect of anti-ventricular arrhythmia.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Self-Assembly of Zincporphyrin Dimer and Pyromellitimide Using Two Coordination Bonds and Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron Transfer

Zincporphyrin dimer-pyromellitimide supramolecule has been designed and assembled using two coordination bonds. Photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination in the supramolecule were observed by picosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements.

Field of study: Chemistry
Implementation of a Non-Contact X-Y Mover With High Temperature Superconductors

One of the unique characteristics of high temperature superconductors (HTS) is its flux trapping capability associated with the so-called type II superconductors, which enables a stable levitation/suspension over a permanent magnet (PM). In this paper, a non-contact X-Y mover that utilizes single-grained Y-Ba-Cu-O bulks and their flux trapping character is proposed and implemented. This X-Y table consists of a mover with three Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors (SCs) and a stator composed of a matrix of electromagnets and permanent magnets. Due to the magnetic levitation of the Y-Ba-Cu-O bulks (mover) above the stator, there is no mechanical contact or wear between the mover and the stator in the vertical direction. This passive stable levitation is achieved by a net balanced force in vertical direction including the gravitational force of SC and the repulsive/attractive forces between the PM and SC. In the horizontal direction, lateral moving forces can be achieved by exciting electromagnets during the positioning procedure. Due to this independent operation in horizontal axis, the mover can be manipulated to and positioned at any location in a 2-D hexagonal lattice. Implementation results show the basic concept of this new type of non-contact X-Y mover is validated.

Field of study: Physics
The affinity technology in downstream processing.

The quality criteria imposed on several biochemicals are stringent, thus, high-separation purification technology is important to downstream processing. Affinity-based purification technologies are regarded as the finest available, and each one differs in its purifying ability, economy, processing speed and capacity. The most widely used affinity technology is classical affinity chromatography, however, other chromatography-based approaches have also been developed, for example, perfusion affinity chromatography, hyperdiffusion affinity chromatography, high-performance affinity chromatography, centrifugal affinity chromatography, affinity repulsion chromatography, heterobifunctional ligand affinity chromatography and the various chromatographic applications of 'affinity tails'. On the other hand, non-chromatographic affinity technologies aim at high throughput and seek to circumvent problems associated with diffusion limitations experienced with most chromatographic packings. Continuous affinity recycle extraction, aqueous two-phase affinity partitioning, membrane affinity filtration, affinity cross-flow ultrafiltration, reversible soluble affinity polymer separation and affinity precipitation are all non-chromatographic technologies. Several types of affinity ligands are used to different extents; antibodies and their fragments, receptors and their binding substances, avidin/biotin systems, textile and biomimetic dyes, (oligo)peptides, antisense peptides, chelated metal cations, lectins and phenylboronates, protein A and G, calmodulin, DNA, sequence-specific DNA, (oligo)nucleotides and heparin. Likewise, there are several support types developed and used; natural, synthetic, inorganic and composite materials.

Field of study: Biology, Engineering
Structures and Properties of Cladding Layer by HM3 Electrode

HM3 welding electrodes were prepared with different contents of the coating,the structure and mechancical properties of the cladding layer were studied after heat treatment.The weld-core wires(4Cr5MoSiV1) were 4mm dia.And adding Mo and Nb into the coating of the electrodes,as to increase Mo and Nb contents.The processing behavior of the electrode and the microstructure,wear resistance,hardness etc.were tested by using JSM-550LV SEM,HRC-150 microhardness tester and X-ray diffraction.The microstructures of the clad layer are martensite,residual austenite and carbide.

Field of study: Materials science