nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae × S. eubayanus Hybrid Under Simulated Lager-Brewing Conditions

Saccharomyces pastorianus lager-brewing yeasts are domesticated hybrids of S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus that display extensive inter-strain chromosome copy number variation and chromosomal recombinations. It is unclear to what extent such genome rearrangements are intrinsic to the domestication of hybrid brewing yeasts and whether they contribute to their industrial performance. Here, an allodiploid laboratory hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus was evolved for up to 418 generations on wort under simulated lager-brewing conditions in six independent sequential batch bioreactors. Characterization of 55 single-cell isolates from the evolved cultures showed large phenotypic diversity and whole-genome sequencing revealed a large array of mutations. Frequent loss of heterozygosity involved diverse, strain-specific chromosomal translocations, which differed from those observed in domesticated, aneuploid S. pastorianus brewing strains. In contrast to the extensive aneuploidy of domesticated S. pastorianus strains, the evolved isolates only showed limited (segmental) aneuploidy. Specific mutations could be linked to calcium-dependent flocculation, loss of maltotriose utilization and loss of mitochondrial activity, three industrially relevant traits that also occur in domesticated S. pastorianus strains. This study indicates that fast acquisition of extensive aneuploidy is not required for genetic adaptation of S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrids to brewing environments. In addition, this work demonstrates that, consistent with the diversity of brewing strains for maltotriose utilization, domestication under brewing conditions can result in loss of this industrially relevant trait. These observations have important implications for the design of strategies to improve industrial performance of novel laboratory-made hybrids.

Field of study: Biology
Income inequality, human capital accumulation and economic performance

The author shows that greater income equality implies higher human capital accumulation and economic performance in an overlapping-generations model with heterogeneity in income and talent. Given liquidity constraints and declining marginal utility, individuals with a given level of talent receive eduation if their initial income is higher than a threshold level and the threshold is lower for more talented individuals. Assuming the more talented create more human capital when educated, greater initial income equality for one generation then implies not only higher aggregate human capital accumulated by that generation but an improvement in all subsequent generations' initial income distributions.

Field of study: Economics
Über die Photoleitung von Anthrazen

The dependence of the photocurrent on voltage, light intensity and electrode separation and also the decay-time of the photocurrent is measured. All these measurements are largely influenced by the electrode material. The results obtained with Cu I- and Al-electrodes and also with insulating electrodes are given and the different behavior is discussed by means of a model. Hereby conclusions are made about the mean ranges and the mobility of the holes which are mainly responsible for the photocurrent.Zusammenfassung1.Es wird festgestellt, daß die Art des Elektrodenmaterials die funktionale Abhängigkeit des Photostromes von Spannung, Elektrodenabstand und Strahlungsleistung stark beeinflußt. Das bei Verwendung von CuJ- bzw. Al-Elektroden auftretende unterschiedliche Verhalten wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß CuJ-Elektroden Defektelektronen nachliefern können, Al-Elektroden jedoch nicht.2.Die Bildung von Ladungsträgern erfolgt nur an den Grenzflächen Kristall-Elektrode.3.Die Schubwege der Ladungsträger beiderlei Vorzeichens sind bei fehlender Nachlieferung gleich dem Elektrodenabstand. Es wurden Werte bis zu 4 mm beobachtet. Wesentlich größere Werte kann der Schubweg der Defektelektronen annehmen, wenn für letztere die Möglichkeit der Nachlieferung besteht.4.Die ermittelte Abklingzeit des Photostromes ist bei Verwendung von CuJ-Elektroden von der Größenordnung 10−3 sec, dagegen bei Verwendung von Al-Elektroden ≦1,4 · 10−5 sec.5.Als untere Grenze der Defektelektronenbeweglichkeit kann der Wert υ+=2,3 cm2/Vs angegeben werden.

Field of study: Physics
Optimum operational strategies for a solar absorption cooling system in an isolated school of Mexico

In this work, we present the simulation study of a LiBr-H2O solar thermal absorption air conditioning system, installed in an isolated primary school in the community of Puertecitos, Mexico. The collection system consists of 110 m2 of evacuated tube solar collectors that produce the thermal energy needed to activate the chiller, while four cooling coils of 8.75 kW each cool the classrooms of the school with the chilled water produced. The characteristics of the system's equipment are used and a simulator is developed to determine the optimum operational strategies, given the conditions to which it will be subjected before the start-up of the plant. This is intended to ensure the comfort conditions of the students within the classrooms during the weekly class periods. The results show that the installed system is capable of satisfying the cooling needs of the school with the simulated strategies, but for a stable operation, periods of time must be dedicated for the recovery of energy inside the thermal storage tank. Some experiences are mentioned, both of the start-up and economic, related to an installation in an isolated community. The cost of the balance of plant was the highest with 36% of the total project, followed by the chiller and the solar field with 25 and 18%, respectively. The preliminary experimental results obtained during the implementation of the system are presented, where some of the operational strategies resulting from the simulation study can be confirmed.

Field of study: Engineering
Expression of NMDAR2D glutamate receptor subunit mRNA in neurochemically identified interneurons in the rat neostriatum, neocortex and hippocampus.

NMDA receptors are composed of proteins from two families: NMDAR1, which are required for channel activity, and NMDAR2, which modulate properties of the channels. The mRNA encoding the NMDAR2D subunit has a highly restricted pattern of expression: in the forebrain, it is found in only a small subset of cortical, neostriatal and hippocampal neurons. We have used a quantitative double-label in situ hybridization method to examine the expression of NMDAR2D mRNA in neurochemically defined populations of neurons. In the neostriatum, NMDAR2D was expressed by the interneuron populations marked by preprosomatostatin (SOM), the 67-kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), parvalbumin (PARV), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNAs but not by the projection neurons expressing beta-preprotachykinin (SP) or preproenkephalin (ENK) mRNAs. In the neocortex, NMDAR2D expression was observed in only a small number of neurons, but these included almost all of the SOM-, GAD67-, and PARV-expressing interneurons. In the hippocampus, NMDAR2D was not present in pyramidal or granule cells, but was abundant in SOM-, GAD67-, and PARV-positive interneurons. NMDAR2D expression appears to be a property shared by interneurons in several regions of the brain. The unique electrophysiological characteristics conveyed by this subunit, which include resistance to blockade by magnesium ion and long channel offset latencies, may be important for the integrative functions of these neurons. NMDAR2D-containing receptor complexes may prove to be important therapeutic targets in human disorders of movement. In addition, the presence of NMDAR2D subunits may contribute to the differential vulnerability of interneurons to excitotoxic injury.

Field of study: Biology
Foreclosure Crisis and Innovative Policy Responses: A Constructive Critique

This paper deals with the moral justification behind policy positions. Squeezed between the inevitability of having a welfare ideology and the mantra of value-neutrality (depoliticization), neoclassical policy economists tend to disguise their normative positions on policy matters as common sense. This attitude is particularly pronounced in what I will call "the rhetoric of worthiness," whereby the neoclassical approach justifies its advocacy that certain people should not be helped. This normative position is disguised by a vocabulary (e.g., moral hazard) claimed to be politically neutral. The present paper criticizes this neoclassical mode of policy evaluation in favor of a more socially conscious and innovative policy approach.

Field of study: Economics
Quantum support vector machine for big feature and big data classification

Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support vector machine, an optimized binary classifier, can be implemented on a quantum computer, with complexity logarithmic in the size of the vectors and the number of training examples. In cases where classical sampling algorithms require polynomial time, an exponential speedup is obtained. At the core of this quantum big data algorithm is a nonsparse matrix exponentiation technique for efficiently performing a matrix inversion of the training data inner-product (kernel) matrix.

Field of study: Physics
[Modern approaches to neuroprotective treatment of ischemic stroke].

The authors present the results of domestic clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of mexidol in patients with cerebrovascular disorders including ischemic stroke (IS). The use of mexidol is associated with complete and rapid regression of the focal neurological deficit. Mexidol is well tolerated with no significant side-effects. The drug is recommended for enteral and parenteral administration in patients with IS.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
An Overview of NWS Weather Support for the XXVI Olympiad

The 1996 Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, received weather support from the National Weather Service (NWS). The mandate to provide this support gave the NWS an unprecedented opportunity to employ in an operational setting several tools and practices similar to those planned for the “modernized” era of the NWS. The project also provided a glimpse of technology and practices not planned for the NWS modernization, but that might be valuable in the future. The underlying purpose of the project was to protect the life and property of the two million spectators, athletes, volunteers, and officials visiting and/or participating in the games. While there is no way to accurately account for lives and property that were protected by the NWS support, the absence of weather-related deaths, significant injuries, and damaged property during the games despite an almost daily occurrence of thunderstorms, high temperatures, and/or rain indicates that the project was a success. In fact, popular percep...

Field of study: Environmental science
Utilization of corn cob acid hydrolysate by gTME recombinant Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

The recombinant Saccharomyces Cerevisiae YPH499-3, which could highly utilize xylose and coferment xylose and glucose, was obtained using the gTME(global transcription machinery engineering) to restructure and improve the phenotype of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. The maximum xylose and glucose yield were 38.95 g/L and 4.85 g/L, respectively, with the pretreatment of corn cob under the condition as follows: 120 ℃, solid/liquid of 1:10(m/v), 3% HCl autoclaved for 2 hours. The gTME recombinant Saccharomyces Cerevisiae YPH499 -3 and the control strain Saccharomyces Cerevisiae YPH499 were inoculated in the 100 mL shaking flask containing 50 mL acid hydrolysate with different initial pH for anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that YPH499-3 grew more rapidly and had higher sugar utilization and ethanol yield, comparison to YPH499. YPH499 -3 reached the maximum xylose and glucose utilization of 65.7% and 86.6%, respectively, meantime the maximum ethanol concentration was 8.90 g/L,after 71 hours in the acid hydrolysate with the initial pH 5. YPH499 reached the maximum glucose utilization and ethanol yield of 67.4% and 2.38 g/L, respectively, after 71 hours in the acid hydrolysate with the initial pH 5.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Tautomerism of azine derivatives. 6. Tautomerism of 2-pyrimidinylmethane derivatives

The existence of a pyrimidinyl-pyrimidinylidene tautomeric equilibrium in solutions of 2-pyrimidinylcyanoacetic acid esters in CDCl3 was observed. Unsymmetrically substituted compounds form two types of ylidene tautomers that differ with respect to the position of the NH proton, the ratio between which is controlled by the substituents in the 4 (6) position. The introduction of both donor and acceptor substituents into the 5 position of the pyrimidine ring increases the amount of the pyrimidine form. The same thing occurs when the polarity of the solvent is decreased. The addition of DMSO or DMF to CDCl3 leads to conversion of the intrachelate ylidene tautomers to unchelated tautomers. Protonation (CF3COOH) shifts the equilibrium to favor the ylidene tautomer that has higher basicity.

Field of study: Chemistry
Accidental Ingestion of Risperidone in a Toddler with Autism

Risperidone (RIS) is an atypical antipsychotic which can be clinically used to treat certain specific symptoms of autism in children and adolescents as per international guidelines and scientific literature. However, globally sparse literature is available regarding accidental ingestion and toxicity of RIS despite the increasing frequency of its usage in children and adolescents. A rare case of accidental RIS ingestion in a toddler with autism has been reported. It has been reviewed and discussed with the support of relevant literature regarding the clinical aspects and management.

Field of study: Medicine
Breast cancer progression and expression of blood group-related tumor-associated antigens.

There is sufficient evidence that blood group related Lewis antigens are tumor-associated molecules. We have conducted immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of Lewis antigens in breast cancer tissue as an indicator of the degree of malignancy and as a prognostic factor. The studies were performed by examining 43 female patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Postoperative specimens were stained immunohistochemically using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for tumor-associated antigens: sialosyl LewisA, LewisA, LewisB, Lewisx, and LewisY. The aims of the study were to compare the appearance of metastases, degree of cancer stage (pTNM), and its histologic differentiation with the expression of Lewis phenotype. The evaluation of antigen expression was performed quantitatively and independently by two pathologists. Statistical significance was defined by Mann-Whitney test. The presented analysis of Lewis antigens showed higher expression of LeB and LeA (p = 0.03) in patients in stage N2 than in stage N1. The expression of LeB and LeY was higher in patients in stage T4 than in stage T1 (p = 0.02). No differences were observed for histologic differentiation. These data suggest that the expression of sialosyl-LeA and LeB antigens in breast cancer may predict metastases to lymph nodes.

Field of study: Biology
Tunnelling transmission resonances through a zero-dimensional structure

We have performed low-temperature conductance measurements on a quantum dot. For zero magnetic field we find transmission resonances in the regions between successive ballistic quantized conductance plateaus. The results of the conductance measurements are compared with single-particle transmission coefficient calculations for the estimated two-dimensional device potential. In accordance with the experimental results, the calculation predicts transmission resonances of similar lineshape and energy spacing. We also include, in a simple but realistic model, the effect of electron - electron interaction.

Field of study: Materials science
Evoking Shame and Guilt: A Comparison of Two Theories

Self-discrepancy theory associates shame with deviations from ideals that significant others hold for us and guilt with deviations from one's own moral guides. By contrast, Tangney posits that, although transgressions may engender both of these emotions, the nature of focus determines the specific reaction. Focusing upon the action committed engenders guilt, whereas focusing on the self who committed the action engenders shame. Participants recounted one of four types of discrepant actions and responded to measures of shame, guilt, anxiety, and depression. Consistent with Tangney's theorizing, across all types of discrepant actions, guilt was rated significantly higher than shame.

Field of study: Psychology
Perfect Structure on the Edge of Chaos

We construct trapdoor permutations based on (sub-exponential) indistinguishability obfuscation and oneway functions, thereby providing the first candidate that is not based on the hardness of factoring. Our construction shows that even highly structured primitives, such as trapdoor permutations, can be potentially based on hardness assumptions with noisy structures such as those used in candidate constructions of indistinguishability obfuscation. It also suggest a possible way to construct trapdoor permutations that resist quantum attacks, and that their hardness may be based on problems outside the complexity class SZK — indeed, while factoring-based candidates do not possess such security, future constructions of indistinguishability obfuscation might. As a corollary, we eliminate the need to assume trapdoor permutations and injective one-way function in many recent constructions based on indistinguishability obfuscation.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
DasL/K- und dasM/L-Einfangverhältnis von65Zink

We have investigated theL/K- and theL/M-capture ratio of65Zn. For the transitions to the first excited state of65Cu we obtained (NL/NK)A=0.120±3% and (NM/NL)A=0.153±13% and for both transitions to the groundstate and the first excited state simultaneously we found (NL/NK)G=0.118±3%. The values for (NL/NK) agree well with the results of Santos Ocampo and Conway but are higher than the results of Totzek and Hoffmann. All values are discussed in view of the different theoretical values obtainable.

Field of study: Physics
Application of Cloud Platform in Health Promotion-An Example of Improvement on Sugar-sweetened for Adolescents

APP-Cloud-based mobile healthcare has rapidly risen in recent years, which brings the disabled people, bad walker and dementia patients the chance to receive medical treatment opportunities without having to go to the hospital. The healthy people can also enjoy the benefit it brings to make ubiquitous monitoring for self-healthcare. In this paper, a pre-test to investigate the factors including the sources and drinking contexts which affect the intake of sugary drinks are made for the target group of adolescents. Next, the APP tool is designed to provide reminding and guidelines in real time. The early warning core implemented in the cloud can be used to monitor users' past drinking records and predict possible impacts as the time passes. The experimental results show this kind of health management mechanism indeed have considerable effect and which can achieve the indirect goal of reducing medical costs.

Field of study: Engineering
E-learners or E-actors: Exploring the Possible Cultural Barriers Impacting Learner’s Participation Originality in Online Collaborative Learning

Educationally, technology-enhanced collaborative learning is the use of technology to support/mediate online collaborative learning with some degree of ease. In other words, this paper focused on the notion that during online collaborative learning, learners are unconsciously compelled (as a result of their primary cultures) to forge a new self-identity to enable them participate and cope with learning with their peers.Using a literature review methodology, this paper argued using carefully selected literature and theories towards answering questions like the cultural barriers as well as the socio-technical dynamics that hinders the success of online collaborative learning. Although much remains to be explored, conclusions were drawn based on the findings that relate to the social and asocial character of online learning, the fear of fear of peers, the fear to be misunderstood, culture-dependent beliefs and a low order of discourse and challenges among peers.  Technology-enhanced, learning, collaborative learning, e-learners, e-actors, self-identity, culture, socio-technical, beliefs DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-11-01 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Field of study: Education
Shakespeare's Double Plays: Dramatic Economy on the Early Modern Stage. Brett Gamboa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. x + 292 pp. $99.99.

on Othello’s arrival into love for Desdemona, Hamlet’s arrival into a “readiness” for “what is to come” (136), of Macbeth into violence and evil, is occluded by quotations from Badiou, Žižek, Derrida, Bradley, and Hazlitt, among others. At some point—particularly in a book called Shakespearean Arrivals (as opposed to Badiouan Arrivals)—the emphasis must shift from critics and theorists to a reading of the plays in light of those theories and philosophies. The book is at its best, its most exciting and enjoyable, when focused on the texts at hand, which Luke makes new. There is a great deal to value here, especially for those who are looking for a philosophical and theoretical consideration of character as exemplified by Shakespearean tragedy. Shakespearean Arrivals is sure to excite debate and to force a reconsideration of character as dynamic and multiple, shifting and changing, and, hence, new.

Field of study: History
Quantum cryptography: a practical information security perspective

Quantum Key Exchange (QKE, also known as Quantum Key Distribution or QKD) allows communicating parties to securely establish cryptographic keys. It is a well-established fact that all QKE protocols require that the parties have access to an authentic channel.  Overlooking this fact results in exaggerated claims and/or false expectations about the potential impact of QKE. In this paper we present a systematic comparison of QKE with traditional key establishment protocols in realistic secure communication systems.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
An inequality between the James and James type constants in Banach spaces

We consider the James and Schäffer type constants recently introduced by Takahashi. We prove an equality between James (resp. Schäffer) type constants and the modulus of convexity (resp. smoothness). By using these equalities, we obtain some estimates for the new constants in terms of the James constant. As a result, we improve an inequality between the Zbăganu and James constants.

Field of study: Mathematics
Effect of Isothermal Parameter on the Microstructures of Preformed AZ91D Alloys in Semi-solid Process

Effect of isothermal paramtter on microstructureal evolution of preformed AZ91D alloys in semi-solid processis was investigated.The results show that the microstructures were affected mainly by recrystallization and local remelting,and increasing the holding temperature,it was prone to the formation of near-equiaxed microstructures,The best semi-solid microstructure of AZ91D alloys was obtained at 570℃ for 4 min.

Field of study: Materials science