nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser resonator for far vacuum ultraviolet

The construction of a resonator for the lambdaapprox. =300--700 A range is discussed. A description is given of two normal-incidence resonators in which radiation is coupled out either through a slit in a mirror or by a diffraction grating (in a nonzero diffraction order). It is shown that the use of laser plasma as the active medium imposes stringent requirements on the optical strength of the resonator mirrors.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Potential of Zero Charge of a Molybdenum Electrode by Laser Ablation Voltammetry

We found that a zero-current potential, ZCP, in the laser ablation voltammogram agreed with a potential at which a differential capacitance component showed a minimum in the corresponding phase-selective ac voltammogram at the Mo electrode in phosphate buffer. This fact suggests that the ZCP is identical with the potential of zero charge (pzc). A pH dependence of the ZCP for the Mo electrode is discussed in terms of specific adsorption of a hydroxide ion.

Field of study: Chemistry
Task Scheduling Model Based on Multi-Agent and Multi-Objective Dynamical Scheduling Algorithm

With the increasing number of nodes in distributed systems, the complexity of task scheduling also increases. Therefore, how to schedule tasks reasonably is becoming more and more significant. Most traditional algorithms only consider a single condition without thinking over dynamic characteristic of system and tasks and lack of comprehensive measures. Therefore they cannot meet the needs of distributed systems. To solve these problems, we establish a distributed task scheduling model based on multi-agent in this paper, build a negotiation scheduling mechanism based on the model and propose distributed multi-objective dynamical scheduling algorithm (DMOD). In the algorithm, each node is capable of independent decision-making and dynamical evaluation rules make a comprehensive evaluation of task completion time, system load and communication traffic. DMOD, MinMin and the algorithm based on tree structure (BTS) are compared through simulation experiments. Experimental results show that DMOD reduces communication traffic without increasing task completion time, avoids performance degradation caused by sharp increase of system load and communication traffic in distributed system and therefore improves system stability and task execution efficiency.

Field of study: Computer science
The determination of some less common anions

Developments in the determination of some less common anions and in the separation of anions of similar species are described. The anions which are considered are the Group Va hexafluorides, vanadates, tungstates, the per-acids. oxyanions of phosphorus and some organic acids. A new method for the determination of chloride, based on GLC, and capable of very high sensitivity is mentioned. This method could probably be applied to the simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide and iodide at very low concentrations.

Field of study: Chemistry
Confined coaxial nozzle flow with central lobed mixer at different velocity ratios

Measurements of turbulent, confined, coaxial nozzle flows with a central four-lobe forced mixer have been obtained by a two-component fibre-optic laser-Doppler anemometer at a Reynolds number of 5.1 x 104 (based on the baseline circular nozzle diameter, Dj = 30 mm, and bulk mean velocity, Ur> of the two streams at 1.7 m/s). Ratios of the annular mean to the core mean velocity (X) were kept at 0.4, 1.1 and 2.0 respectively. Results showed that the mixing processes were greatly enhanced by the formation and interaction of the normal and streamwise vorticity. In particular, the deformation and the subsequent stretching of the normal vortices shed at the nozzle walls by the streamwise vortices played an crucial role in the mixing processes. The higher speed stream appeared to determine the form of mixing downstream. At X = 2.0 and 1.1, the generation of the streamwise vorticity was found to originate from two sources: the geometry of the lobe and the gap between the lobe nozzle peaks and the inner annular wall. The former was important to enhance the mixing between the two co-flowing streams at both velocity ratios while the latter was more important for X, = 2.0 to the mixing between the annular flow and the surrounding still fluid. At X = 0.4, only the geometry of the lobe shed streamwise vorticity which was confined radially within each lobe as the flow traveled downstream. Mixing between the core and the surrounding fluid was better than that between the two co-flowing streams. For all the cases considered, streamwise vortices were dissipated within dDj from the nozzle exit plane.

Field of study: Physics
Research on the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Algorithm Based on Shellcode Code Analysis and Exploit Module Attack

The paper first introduces the basic principle of shellcode analysis and exploit attack module, what’s more, the paper makes a research on the independence and dependence between shellcode code and exploit attack module. Based on the unique relationship between the two modules, the paper explores the implementation of the two modules, and then proposes a new method based on attack tree theory. Experiments show that attack model performs better and effective. According to different exploits, the proposed transformation of the attack tree evaluation algorithm can give out corresponding threat degree evaluation, and eliminate the generated interference during the middle of executive body attack, so the detection is more accurate.

Field of study: Engineering
Microwave X-band permittivity measurements on 12-tungstophosphoric acid hexahydrate

Complex permittivity measurements of 12-tungstophosphoric acid hexahydrate (WPA·6H 2 O) have been performed in the X-band region at room temperature. Permittivity data were obtained by measuring reflection ( S 11 ) and transmission ( S 21 ) parameters with a network analyzer and also by using a short-circuited-waveguide. Results on powder samples are compared with the results on compressed samples using the model of mixtures. From Cole–Cole plots, a dipole relaxation time τ =1.9×10 −11 s was determined and attributed to polyatomic ion reorientation.

Field of study: Materials science
Are Perceptions of Emotion in the Eye of the Beholder? A Social Relations Analysis of Judgments of Embarrassment

College women watched each other perform an embarrassing or innocuous task in a study of emotion recognition using the social relations model. In groups of 5, 120 women judged the embarrassment and inferred the embarrassability of each of the other group members. The participants also reported the empathic embarrassment they felt while watching each of the other group members. There was considerable consensus among observers of strong embarrassment, but perception of weaker embarrassment was more idiosyncratic. The level of a performer's trait embarrassability was apparent to observers of the innocuous task, and, across both conditions, embarrassable observers assumed that others were embarrassable. Empathic embarrassment for others was clearly subjective, depending more on who was watching than on who was being watched.

Field of study: Psychology
Honeycombs and sums of Hermitian matrices

Horn's conjecture, which given the spectra of two Hermitian matrices describes the possible spectra of the sum, was recently settled in the affirmative. In this survey we discuss one of the many steps in this, which required us to introduce a combinatorial gadget called a {\em honeycomb}; the question is then reformulable as about the existence of honeycombs with certain boundary conditions. Another important tool is the connection to the representation theory of the group U(n), by ``classical vs. quantum'' analogies.

Field of study: Mathematics
Nitrogen acquisition, PEP carboxylase, and cellular pH homeostasis: new views on old paradigms

The classic biochemical pH-stat model of cytosolic pH regulation in plant cells presupposes a pH-dependent biosynthesis and degradation of organic acids, specifically malic acid, in the cytosol. This model has been used to explain the higher tissue accumulation of organic acids in nitrate (NO 3 ‐ )-grown, relative to ammonium (NH 4 + )-grown, plants, the result of proposed cytosolic alkalinization by NO 3 ‐ metabolism, and acidification by NH 4 + metabolism. Here, a critical examination of the model shows that its key assumptions are fundamentally problematic, particularly in the context of the effects on cellular pH of nitrogen source differences. Specifically, the model fails to account for proton transport accompanying inorganic nitrogen transport, which, if considered, renders the H + production of com‐ + provided N sources. We show that the model’s evidentiary basis in total-tissue mineral ion and organic acid analysis is not directly relevant to subcellular (cytosolic) pH homeostasis, while the analysis of the ionic components of the cytosol is relevant to this process. A literature analysis further shows that the assumed greater activity of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase under nitrate nutrition, which is a key characteristic of the biochemical pH-stat model as it applies to nitrogen source, is not borne out in numerous instances. We conclude that this model is not tenable in its current state, and propose an alternative model that reaffirms the anaplerotic role of PEP carboxylase within the context of N nutrition, in the production of carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis.

Field of study: Environmental science
Hepatotoxic Effect of Petrol and Kerosene Contaminated Diet on Albino Wistar Rats

The consumption of Petrol or kerosene contaminated food products by people in rural areas exposed to oil drilling regions could be dangerous. Thirty male albino wistar rats with an average weight of 150-200g were selected for this study. They were grouped into five (5) groups; Group A (6 rats) served as control, Group B (6 rats) were given high dose of petrol contaminated fish, Group C(6 rats) were given low dose of petrol contaminated fish, Group D received high dose of kerosene contaminated fish ,while Group E received low dose of kerosene contaminated fish. The feeding lasted for only two weeks. At the end of 2 weeks, blood samples were collected from the animals by cardiac puncture and their serum were used to conduct liver function test. The result from the analysis indicated that there was a significant increase in the Liver enzymes namely: Aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatise, alanin transferase in the animals exposed to both high and low doses of the food contaminated with kerosene and fuel. Also there was increase in the total bilirubin of the rats exposed to high dose of the food contaminated with kerosene (p<0.05). There was a slight increase in conjugated bilirubin in the animals that received high dose of Petrol and Kerosene contaminated food. It could be deduced from this research that kerosene and Petrol contaminated fish has a toxic effect on the liver, thus causing damage or inflammation to the liver.

Field of study: Medicine
A century of U.S. beach nourishment

This study analyzed decadal and regional trends in one type of shore protection method: beach nourishment, since its beginning in the U.S. nearly 100 years ago. While strategies such as managed retreat may be more feasible in the long-term, beach nourishment is a dominant method of shore protection in the U.S. today. During the last century, the beaches of over 475 U.S. communities have been restored with over 1.5 billion cubic yards (cy) (1.2 billion cubic meters (m3) of sand. Over 3200 individual nourishment events have occurred with many communities renourishing multiple times. Six states account for over 83% of the total volume of sand placed on beaches: California, Florida, New Jersey, North Carolina, New York, and Louisiana. New Jersey has been the most productive state in terms of sand volume per linear foot (meter) of shoreline, but has placed less than 3 cy along each foot (7 m3/m) of its oceanfront coasts annually. Growth in sand volume placed has been exponential over the last century, with the total annual volume of sand placed on U.S. beaches increasing to 37 million cy (28 million m3) per year in the last decade. Regionally, long-term beach management programs in California, Florida, and Louisiana reveal that despite significant differences in motivation, timelines and funding mechanisms, similarities are long-term beach management plans and dedicated funding sources at local, state, and/or federal levels.

Field of study: Environmental science
A glance at quality score: implication for de novo transcriptome reconstruction of Illumina reads

Downstream analyses of short-reads from next-generation sequencing platforms are often preceded by a pre-processing step that removes uncalled and wrongly called bases. Standard approaches rely on their associated base quality scores to retain the read or a portion of it when the score is above a predefined threshold. It is difficult to differentiate sequencing error from biological variation without a reference using quality scores. The effects of quality score based trimming have not been systematically studied in de novo transcriptome assembly. Using RNA-Seq data produced from Illumina, we teased out the effects of quality score based filtering or trimming on de novo transcriptome reconstruction. We showed that assemblies produced from reads subjected to different quality score thresholds contain truncated and missing transfrags when compared to those from untrimmed reads. Our data supports the fact that de novo assembling of untrimmed data is challenging for de Bruijn graph assemblers. However, our results indicates that comparing the assemblies from untrimmed and trimmed read subsets can suggest appropriate filtering parameters and enable selection of the optimum de novo transcriptome assembly in non-model organisms.

Field of study: Biology
Delusional infestation associated with post-herpetic neuralgia and EEG abnormalities.

An 80-year-old widow with delusional infestation in association with post-herpetic neuralgia and EEG abnormalities in the left anterior parietal lobe responded to combined pimozide and carbamazepine. Aetiological factors are reviewed in relation to the literature.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY OF ST. PAUL UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES USING THE FOUR PERSPECTIVES OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD

The study aimed to assess the institutional sustainability of St. Paul University Philippines (SPUP) using the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard, namely: internal processes; learning and innovation, customer and financial perspectives. Furthermore, it considered the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of SPUP in the balanced scorecard inorder to come up with proposed strategies. This study employed the quantitative descriptive method to assess the University?s performance along the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard. The primary data were obtained using a survey questionnaire. The secondary data includes the financial statements, enrollment summary, faculty profile, faculty performance evaluation, number of employees, and number of resigned full-time faculty for academic year, 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. One hundred ninety-three (193) participants were obtained through stratified sampling to include office staff and maintenance personnel, faculty, lay administrators, students and parents. Data were treated using frequency counts, mean, and ratios. Results show that the scorecard of SPUP has positive performance in the internal processes, learning and growth, and customers? perspectives. It adopted aggressive working capital management in its financial perspective of the balanced scorecard brought by low liquidity and short-term solvency. It has less performance in the financial perspective of the Balanced Scorecard.

Field of study: Business
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way - III. 139 new open clusters at high Galactic latitudes

An earlier analysis of the Milky Way Star Cluster (MWSC) catalogue revealed an apparent lack of old (t & 1 Gyr) open clusters in the solar neighbourhood (d. 1 kpc).  To fill this gap we undertook a search for hitherto unknown star clusters a ssuming that the missing old clusters reside at high Galactic latitudes|b| > 20 ◦ .  We were looking for stellar density enhancements using a star count algorithm on the 2MASS point source catalogue. To increase the contrast between potential clusters and the field, we applie d filters in colour-magnitude space according to typical colour-magnitude diagrams of nearby old open clusters. The subsequent comparison with lists of known objects allowed us to select so far unknown cluster candidates. For verification they were process ed with the standard pipeline used within the MWSC survey for computing cluster membership probabilities and for the determination of structural, kinematic and astrophysical parameters.  In total we discovered 782 density enhancements, 522 of which were classified as real objects. Among them 139 are new open clusters with ages 8.3 < log(t [yr]) < 9.7, distances d < 3 kpc and distances from the Galactic plane 0.3 < Z < 1 kpc. This new sample has increased the total number of known high latitude open clusters by about 150%. Nevertheless, we still observe a lack of older nearby clusters up to 1 kpc from the Sun. This volume is expected to still contain about 60 unknown clusters that probably escaped our detection algorithm, which fails to detect sparse overdensitie s with large angular size.

Field of study: Physics
Nanoscale thermally induced stress analysis by complementary Scanning Thermal Microscopy techniques

Thermally induced stress is determined using boundary values obtained by complementary Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy and Scanning Thermal Microscopy. The stress function is then solved with the Finite Element Method. Surface stress analysis as well as stress analysis of multilayered structures are performed in order to demonstrate the application of the developed measurement technique to reliability investigations.

Field of study: Engineering
Über die Periheldrehung der Bahnen des Leuchtelektrons in den wasserstoffunähnlichen Atomen

ZusammenfassungFür die Größen Δϕ der Periheldrehung der nicht eindringenden Bahnen des Leucht-elektrons eines wasserstoffunähnlichen Atoms wird die einfache Gleichung Δϕ=2 πC1/k2 abgeleitet, worinC1 eine dimensionslose Konstante undk die azimutale Quantenzahl bedeutet.

Field of study: Physics
Portland Cement/Acrocomia Aculeata Endocarp Bricks: Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties

In the last few decades, Portland/residue composites have been researched due to their technological and environmental advantages. In this study, residues of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd endocarp (AE) were introduced in the Portland cement–soil (PC) matrix in different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 wt%) to produce PC/AE bricks. The characterization of the microstructures of the bricks indicate agglomerates of AE particles with increased humidity in small regions distributed throughout the matrix. Mid-infrared and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, along with thermogravimetry, indicated that AE contained mainly lignin and cellulose, as well as inorganic chemical elements such as Mg and Si. X-ray studies revealed that AE did not affect the crystallographic properties of the Portland/AE bricks. The findings indicate that the use of AE improved the thermal insulation capability of the composites with a small impact on the compressive strength.

Field of study: Materials science
In vitro effects of pesticides and metals on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from different tissues of the blue mussel, Mytilus trossulus L.

The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive comparison of the effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from various tissues of Mytilus trossulus caused by in vitro exposure to several pesticides and metals, because results available in the literature are inconsistent, difficult to compare, and sometimes contradict each other. For this purpose, fraction S10 extracted from gills, digestive gland, mantle and muscles, and the whole soft tissue of the mussel was exposed to several pesticides (dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, carbofuran and carbaryl) and metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb) at a wide range of concentrations. AChE was inhibited in 50% or more in all the tissues exposed to dichlorvos, Cu, Hg and the mixture of Cu+Cd, and in some tissues exposed to carbaryl and carbofuran. The IC50 was calculated where possible. No inhibition was found in the case of chlorpyrifos, Cd, Pb, and Zn.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
[Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Analysis of Replicase Gene Sequence of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus].

The replicase genes of five isolates of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Beijing were amplificated, sequenced and analyzed. The similarities of nucleotide acid sequences indicated that 129 kD and 57 kD replicase genes of CGMMV-No. 1, CGMMV-No. 2, CGMMV-No. 3, CGMMV-No. 4 and CGMMV-No. 5 were 99.64% and 99.74%, respectively. The similarities of 129 kD and 57 kD replicase genes of CGMMV-No. 1, CGMMV-No. 3 and CGMMV-No. 4 were 99.95% and 99.94%, while they were lower between CGMMV-No. 2 and the rest of four reference sequences, just from 99.16% to 99.27% and from 99.04% to 99.18%. All reference sequences could be divided into six groups in neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees based on the replicase gene sequences of 129 kD, 57 kD protein respectively. CGMMV-No. 1, CGMMV-No. 3 and CGMMV-No. 4 were clustered together with Shandong isolate (Accession No. KJ754195) in two NJ trees; CGMMV-No. 5 was clustered together with Liaoning isolate (Accession No. EF611826) in two NJ trees; CGMMV-No. 2 was clustered together with Korea watermelon isolate (Accession No. AF417242) in phylogenetic tree of 129 kD replicase gene of CGMMV; Interestingly, CGMMV-No. 2 was classified as a independent group in phylogenetic tree of 57 kD replicase gene of CGMMV. There were no significant hydrophobic and highly coiled coil regions on 129 kD and 57 kD proteins of tested CGMMV isolates. Except 129 kD protein of CGMMV-No. 4, the rest were unstable protein. The number of transmembrane helical segments (TMHs) of 129 kD protein of CGMMV-No. 1, CGMMV-No. 2, CGMMV-No. 3 and CGMMV-No. 5 were 6, 6, 2 and 4, respectively, which were 13, 13 and 5 on the 57 kD protein of CGMMV-No. 2, CGMMV-No. 4 and CGMMV-No. 5. The glycosylation site of 129 kD protein of tested CGMMV isolates were 2, 4, 4, 4 and 4, and that of 57 kD protein were 2, 5, 2, 5 and 2. There were difference between the disorders, globulins, phosphorylation sites and B cell antigen epitopes of 129 kD and 57 kD proteins of tested CGMMV isolates. The current results that there was no significant difference between the replicase gene sequences, it was stable and conservative for intra-species and clearly difference for inter-species. CGMMV-No. 1, CGMMV-No. 3, CGMMV-No. 4 and CGMMV-No. 5 had. a close genetic relationship with Shandong and Liangning isolates (Accession No. KJ754195 and EF611826), they are potentially originate from the same source. CGMMV-No. 2 was closer with Korea isolate. High sequence similarity of tested samples were gathered for a class in phylogenetic tree. It didn't show regularity of the bioinformatics analysis results of 129 kD and 57 kD proteins of tested CGMMV isolates. There was no corresponding relationship among the molecular phylogeny and the bioinformatics analysis of the tested CGMMV isolates.

Field of study: Biology