nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum effects in thermal Fock state for mesoscopic left-handed transmission lines

A quantization scheme for an ideal loss-less mesoscopic left-handed transmission lines (LH TL) unit cell equivalent circuit is proposed and the fluctuations of the current and the voltage of the LH TL equivalent circuit in thermal Fock space are studied by thermal field dynamics (TFD) theory. In thermal Fock state the negative refractive index (NRI) of the LH TL unit cell equivalent circuit is discussed. The results indicate that the quantum fluctuations show the linear dependent of NRI at some temperature, while the frequency and the thermal photons are destructive dependent of NRI within the microwave frequency band. When the unit cell equivalent circuit operates at the rising temperature, the NRI is decreasing. The results demonstrates the ideal loss-less mesoscopic LH TL equivalent circuit operating at a lower frequency, temperature and with little thermal photons is more conducive to NRI, which coincides with the macroscopic real LH TL.

Field of study: Physics
Effect of self surrender practice on insulin resistance in individuals withtype 2 diabetes mellitus without depression: asingle-blinded randomized controlled trial

Self surrender practice (latihanpasrahdiri/LPD) is a form of relaxation therapy that has been increasingly used, not only in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases, but also of other non-psychosomatic diseases. Previous studies reported thatSSP shows modest improvement on clinical parameters of type 2diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients,not onlydepression symptoms improvement, but also glycemic control.However, the effect of LPD on insulin resistance has not been investigated. The study aimed to investigate the effect of LPD on insulin resistance in T2DM patients without depression. This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlledtrial conducted in outpatient unit of the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro General Hospital, Klaten, Central Java.The subjects of the study were T2DM patients aged over 30 yearsand had no depression.Fourthy-four T2DM patients were randomized into two groups as the controlgroup and the treatment group who underwent SSP group for eight weeks. The data of insulin resistancemeasured by HOMA-IR, perceived stress scale (PSS), fasting plasma glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and two hour plasma glucose (PPG)levels of both groups werecollected and statistically analysed.No significantly different in the patient’scharacteristics of both groups was observed.At the end of the study period, the LPD group showed reduction of HOMA-IR and HbA1c but not statistically significant, (ΔHOMA-IR = -0.39±1.52; p = 0.976; HbA1c=-0.55±0.85%; p = 0.189). The FBG and PPGincreased in the LPD group compared to control but also not statistically significant (ΔFBG=10.16±50.33; p=0.294; PPG=40.74±69.35; p=0.062). We also observed the decrease of stress level in LPD group compared to control groupbut it was no statistical significance (ΔPSS=-5.09±6.47; p=0.655).Self surrender practice (LPD) decreasesHOMA-IR, improves glycemic control (HbA1c) and reduces stress levels in T2DM patients without depressionAlthough the theyarenot statisticallysignificant, however they may be clinically significant.

Field of study: Medicine
Methodology and theoretical foundation for innovating Wushu routine exercises

Wushu is the product of human being's observation of the world by means of artistic thinking coupled with subjective innovative consciousness.By applying methods such as literature data approach and logic analysis,the authors studied the criteria and methodology for innovating Wushu routine exercises,and revealed the following findings: Wushu based its goal on winning;innovating and exceeding spirit was the fundamental driving force for Wushu exercises;basic characteristics of Wushu,such as its realistic,exaggerative,imitative and symbolic nature,were highlighted in the innovation of Wushu routine exercises.The authors expatiated on the concept,classification,principle and characteristics of Wushu methodologically,so as to provide a reference for probing into the pattern of and channels for innovating Wushu exercises.

Field of study: Education
Seasonal performance optimisation of thermally driven ejector cooling cycles working with R134a

Global energy consumption for cooling applications is increasing every year, accelerating the fossil fuels consumption and the CO2 emissions. To improve the performance of the vapour compression cycles, ejectors can use the low grade wasted energy as a means of heat recovery. Several proposals have been studied to improve the global Coefficient Of Performance of the ejector cycles. However, very few optimised the ejector geometry to obtain the maximum performance. A CFD-based multi-objective optimization of the ejector geometry and a thermodynamic model of the cooling cycle have been coupled to obtain the best performance of four types of thermally-driven ejector cycles. The results predicted improvements of up to 13% and 23% in the rated Coefficient Of Performance and the Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio, respectively, compared with the basic vapour compression cycle. Using geometrically optimised ejectors makes it possible to achieve a high level of performance that justifies the use of this technology.

Field of study: Engineering
Shakespeare and Politics (review)

depends on the quality of mercy, that is the nature of charity and faith, so, I would add, religion and love affect the legal and dramatic representations of the bond. The self-conscious nature of debate is a key element in the problem plays. All’s Well is no exception. Harmon calls attention to the metaphysics in this play and how it is a summing up of the three plays he has discussed because it shares qualities with each. It is designed as a play to fulfill its contract. Merchant and All’s Well share similar imagery between the bond and the marriage contract. Harmon sees in the bed-trick a fusion of the ends of a contract and of marriage: Helena gets the ring to beget a child. Deficiencies in contracts in these four plays need to be rectified to restore social integrity. This has a comic aspect to it: the structural imperatives of comedy demand this kind of new order. In aiming the discussion beyond these plays Harmon draws his argument together clearly, discussing Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, Twelfth Night, King Lear, and The Tempest, which he refers to as “his most metaphysical poem” (161). Harmon also concentrates on the marriage contract as an ordering principle, which was as true for Elizabethan and Jacobean law and religion as it was for Renaissance comedy. The marriage at the end of comedy is generative socially and dramatically. Harmon’s book leads up to the epiphany that Shakespearean characters have at their wisest and most patient moments: a fulfillment in “contentment in a genuine existence” (163). The law in these plays helps to find quotidian resolutions to the imperfect and problematic worlds of these dramas — except for Troilus and Cressida — that allow for generative paths to better times. The exception of Troilus creates its own implications for a double bind to the double name of nature that Harmon discusses in his exploration of eternal bonds and true contracts. This book, a useful contribution to Shakespearean studies and to law and literature, is clear, able and generative despite whatever problems it faces and embodies. JONATHAN HART University of Alberta

Field of study: History
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to NIAM: a nuclear interactor of ARF and Mdm2.

Nuclear interactor of ARF and Mdm2 (NIAM) is a newly discovered growth inhibitor that helps maintain chromosomal stability. It is functionally linked to the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway and is predicted to be a tumor suppressor, but the lack of antibodies capable of detecting the endogenous human protein has delayed efforts to define its role in human tumorigenesis. This study reports the development, screening, and characterization of several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that specifically recognize endogenous human NIAM protein by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. These MAbs are predicted to be important tools for evaluating the expression and physiological function of NIAM in normal versus neoplastic human cells and tissues.

Field of study: Biology
Profitability and Debt Capital Decision: A Reconsideration of the Pecking Order Model

This paper tests for the adherence of firms in third world nations to the pecking-order model (POM) in determining their debt level. We developed two econometric models to query the pecking-order model (POM) as it applies to firms’ financing decision in emerging economies. Cross-sectional dataset was constructed from the annual reports of 45 non-financial companies quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange in the year 2007. We employed Binary Logistic regression and Ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation techniques to estimate our models and to test the study hypotheses. Our results coherently reveal negative relationship between corporate profitability and debt utilization, and corporate debt limit relates positively to firms’ tangibility and size. It therefore suggests that the pecking-order model (POM) applies to firms in third world nations as to firms in developed economies. Therefore, the possibility of a firm attaining an optimal capital structure remains a mirage. Because this study has made used of both proxy and dummy variables, the usual caveats therefore apply. Furthermore, the results are specific to only the sampled firms, thereby may lack generalizability to firms outside the sampled firms. Researchers are encouraged to further extend the suggestions of this study.

Field of study: Business
A Simple and Effective Model-Based Variable Importance Measure

In the era of "big data", it is becoming more of a challenge to not only build state-of-the-art predictive models, but also gain an understanding of what's really going on in the data. For example, it is often of interest to know which, if any, of the predictors in a fitted model are relatively influential on the predicted outcome. Some modern algorithms---like random forests and gradient boosted decision trees---have a natural way of quantifying the importance or relative influence of each feature. Other algorithms---like naive Bayes classifiers and support vector machines---are not capable of doing so and model-free approaches are generally used to measure each predictor's importance. In this paper, we propose a standardized, model-based approach to measuring predictor importance across the growing spectrum of supervised learning algorithms. Our proposed method is illustrated through both simulated and real data examples. The R code to reproduce all of the figures in this paper is available in the supplementary materials.

Field of study: Computer science
FROM STARBURST TO QUIESCENCE: TESTING ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK IN RAPIDLY QUENCHING POST-STARBURST GALAXIES

Post-starbursts are galaxies in transition from the blue cloud to the red sequence. Although they are rare today, integrated over time they may be an important pathway to the red sequence. This work uses SDSS, GALEX, and WISE observations to identify the evolutionary sequence from starbursts to fully quenched post-starbursts in the narrow mass range logM(M⊙) = 10.3 − 10.7, and identifies “transiting” post-starbursts which are intermediate between these two populations. In this mass range, ∼ 0.3% of galaxies are starbursts, ∼ 0.1% are quenched post-starbursts, and ∼ 0.5% are the transiting types in between. The transiting post-starbursts have stellar properties that are predicted for fast-quenching starbursts and morphological characteristics that are already typical of early-type galaxies. The AGN fraction, as estimated from optical line ratios, of these post-starbursts is about 3 times higher (& 36 ± 8%) than that of normal star-forming galaxies of the same mass, but there is a significant delay between the starburst phase and the peak of nuclear optical AGN activity (median age difference of & 200±100Myr), in agreement with previous studies. The time delay is inferred by comparing the broad-band near NUV-to-optical photometry with stellar population synthesis models. We also find that starbursts and post-starbursts are significantly more dust-obscured than normal star-forming galaxies in the same mass range. About 20% of the starbursts and 15% of the transiting post-starbursts can be classified as the “Dust-Obscured Galaxies” (DOGs), with near-UV to mid-IR flux ratio of & 900, while only 0.8% of normal galaxies are DOGs. The time delay between the starburst phase and AGN activity suggests that AGN do not play a primary role in the original quenching of starbursts but may be responsible for quenching later low-level star formation by removing gas and dust during the post-starburst phase.  stellar content, galaxies: structure

Field of study: Physics
The supply of skilled labour and skill-biased technological progress

This paper presents a model in which the adoption of skill-biased or "unskilled-biased" technologies is endogenous. In this model of endogenous technology choice, an increase in the supply of skilled labour leads to a temporary fall in the skill premium, followed by an expanding gap between the wages of skilled and unskilled workers as technologies adjust towards the more skill-intensive mix appropriate for the greater skill of the workforce. The adjustment in the technology mix results in slower output growth along the transition path.

Field of study: Economics
Relationship between the Structure of Polydiphenylenephthalide Films and Their Physical Characteristics

Two types of structures are found in the bulk of polymer films up to 500 nm thick (globular homogeneous and in the form of molecular aggregates). The transition from one structure to another takes the form of changes in the surface roughness and physical and chemical characteristics of the material. The high anisotropy of the films’ refractive index (Δ n ~ 10 −2 ) and the results from polarization and optical studies are explained by the presence of large aggregates of macromolecules in the bulk of the films.

Field of study: Physics
Separating the tropospheric and stratospheric pathways of El Niño-Southern Oscillation teleconnections

The El Ni˜ no‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of Northern Hemisphere wintertime variability and, generally, the key ingredient used in seasonal forecasts of wintertime surface climate. Modeling studies have recently suggested that ENSO teleconnections might involve both a tropospheric pathway and a stratospheric one. Here, using reanalysis data, we carefully distinguish between the two. We first note that the temperature and circulation anomalies associated with the tropospheric pathway are nearly equal and opposite during the warm (El

Field of study: Environmental science
Purification of dialkylzinc precursors using tertiary amine ligands

Tertiary amines are useful for the production of high purity low-oxygen content R2Zn dopant sources. Trace oxygen levels in Me2Zn are significantly reduced by formation of the Me2Zn.NEt3 adduct, which is a more controllable and reproducible source than Me2Zn/H2 gas mixtures. Me2Zn and Et2Zn form 2∶1 adducts with the macrocyclic tertiary amines 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (N4-aza crown) and 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane (N6-aza crown), and the structure of these compounds has been determined by single crystal x-ray crystallography. Mild thermal dissociation of R2Zn-aza crown adducts yields base-free R2Zn, giving them potential applications in the purification of Me2Zn and Et2Zn dopant sources for the MOVPE of III–V materials.

Field of study: Materials science
MTEC1诱导胸腺髓质CD4 + CD8 - Qa-2 - 细胞表达Qa-2及功能分化

小鼠胸腺髓质CD4 + CD8 - Qa-2 - 细胞与小鼠胸腺髓质上皮细胞系(MTEC1)共育3d后,85％以上的细胞表达Qa-2抗原,明显高于MTEC1培养上清的诱导作用;抗LFA-1/ICAM一1对MTEC1诱导Qa-2表达的作用无影响;在MTEC1存在下,CD4 + CD8 - Qa-2 - 细胞对Con A刺激应答及诱导其合成细胞因子的能力与CD4 + CD8 - Qa-2 + 细胞比较,已无明显差异( p >0.05),即MTEC1能通过细胞间的直接相互作用诱导胸腺髓质CD4 + CD8 - Qa-2 - 胸腺细胞表达Qa-2,并促进其功能分化。

Field of study: Chemistry
Soft computing applied to the build of textile defects inspection system

The inspection of textile defects is challenging because of the large number of defects categories that are characterised by their imprecision and uncertainty. In this study, novel interval type-2 fuzzy system is proposed for resolving defects recognition problem of textile industries. The proposed system mixes interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning and swarm optimisation algorithm together in order to enhance the defects classification capabilities. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic is powerful in handling high level of indecisions in the human decision making process, including uncertainties in measurements of textile features and data used to calibrate the examination's parameters. Swarm intelligence algorithm is used to optimise parameters of the membership functions to increase the accuracy of fuzzy controller. Besides, the problem of fuzzy linguistic rules learning has been tackled by utilising ant colony meta-heuristic method to reduce the complexity of the inspection system. Excellent recogniser results on real textile samples, using this system, are demonstrated.

Field of study: Computer science
Eye-Tracking Analysis of Attention to an Electronic Storybook for Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

E-books may be particularly useful for differentiating instruction across a wide range of learners including those with autism spectrum disorder who are minimally verbal (MV-ASD). But the extent to which children with MV-ASD benefit from e-book instruction is unknown. Using eye-tracking equipment and software, we measured the duration of attention to print and pictures when presented with an e-book of 10 elementary-aged prereading children with MV-ASD and five prereading children with typical development. Furthermore, we analyzed eye-gaze duration, left-to-right gaze, and point-to-point correspondence from word to picture across different e-book stimuli (e.g., highlighting text, read-aloud). Results indicated different duration of attending to pictures and print between typically developing children and children with ASD. Although there were some indications that differing stimuli may influence attention to salient e-book components, most notable was that children with MV-ASD attended very little to literacy concepts within the e-book.

Field of study: Education
Chloroplast ultrastructure in two Crassulacean species and an F1 hybrid with differing biomass δ13C values

The chloroplasts of two species of the Crassulaceae and their F1 hybrid were compared by electron microscopy. The two species had contrasting leaf tissue δ13C values of −25°/∞ (Sedum greggii) and −13°/∞ (Cremnophila linguifolia), and the F1 hybrid had a value of − 18°/∞. S. greggii had a mean of 8.9 thylakoids per granum in contrast to C. linguifolia which had a mean of only 3.8 thylakoids per granum. The F1 hybrid had a mean of 6.4 thylakoids per granum. Crystaloids were observed in S. greggii and the hybrid but not in C. linguifolia

Field of study: Environmental science
The Impact of Depression in Heart Disease

Depression and heart disease affect millions of people worldwide. Studies have shown that depression is a significant risk factor for new heart disease and that it increases morbidity and mortality in established heart disease. Many hypothesized and studied mechanisms have linked depression and heart disease, including serotonergic pathway and platelet dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis imbalance, and psychosocial factors. Although the treatment of depression in cardiac patients has been shown to be safe and modestly efficacious, it has yet to translate into reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact and mechanisms behind the association of depression and heart disease may allow for the development of treatments aimed at altering the devastating consequences caused by these comorbid illnesses.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Integer part independent polynomial averages and applications along primes

Exploiting the equidistribution properties of polynomial sequences, following the methods developed by Leibman ("Pointwise Convergence of ergodic averages for polynomial sequences of translations on a nilmanifold.  (2005) ") and Frantzikinakis ("Multiple recurrence and convergence for Hardy field sequences of polynomial growth.  (2010), 79-135" and "Equidistribution of sparse sequences on nilmanifolds. ) we show that the ergodic averages with iterates given by the integer part of real-valued strongly independent polynomials, converge in the mean to the "right"-expected limit. These results have, via Furstenberg's correspondence principle, immediate combinatorial applications while combining these results with methods from "The polynomial multidimensional Szemeredi theorem along shifted primes.  (2013), no. 1, 331-348" and "Closest integer polynomial multiple recurrence along shifted primes. " we get the respective "right" limits and combinatorial results for multiple averages for a single sequence as well as for several sequences along prime numbers.

Field of study: Mathematics
[Somatosensory evoked potentials after depletion of monoamines by reserpine].

The components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) P7, Ne. P12 and Ni- were recorded from scalp when the right median nerve was stimulated by electrical pulses in conscious rabbits. The peak latencies of all the components were significantly prolonged at 27+SD 9.3h after im reserpine l-1.2 mg/kg. The amplitudes of P12 and Nis were also enhanced by reserpine significantly. These results suggest that the somatosensory afferent function could be involved after depleting the monoamines by reserpine and the monoamines might exert modulating effect on the somatosensory afferent function in normal condition.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
Effects of Fe-embedding on microstructure and electrical properties of diamond like carbon films

Fe-embedding diamond-like carbon(Fe: DLC) films with different Fe content were deposited by using a pulsed laser deposition(PLD) technique.An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to probe the composition of deposited Fe: DLC films.The effects of Fe-embedding on the microstructure and electrical properties of diamond-like carbon films were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Raman spectroscopy and current-voltage characteristics.The XPS,TEM and Raman spectra analyses indicate that the Fe nano-particles periodically embed in the amorphous carbon matrix and their embedding promote aromatic bond formation,and accordingly,the degree of order of the films increase gradually as the Fe content increase.The current-voltage characteristics show Fe-embedding increases the electrical conductivity of DLC films.

Field of study: Physics