nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS

A high-performance concrete masonry unit (CMU) was developed to replace the standard 38-lb (17.2-kg) unit used in modern construction. High-performance units were produced from several different trial mixes. This paper presents the results of tests conducted to determine the durability of the new units as compared to standard normal-weight CMUs. The units were tested for absorption and for freeze-thaw durability. High-performance units that were made with normal-weight aggregates had somewhat lower absorption rates than standard units, but the freeze-thaw durability was reduced. High-performance units produced with lightweight aggregates had absorption results comparable to standard normal-weight units. The freeze-thaw durability of these units varied, and for some, it was superior to that of standard normal-weight units. Admixtures were used in some mixes to increase durability and lower absorption. A lightweight mix that used a waterproofing admixture to precoat the aggregate before mixing resulted in the most durable units under freeze-thaw testing. These units also had very low absorption rates.

Field of study: Materials science
Evolution of part of the Nevadan orogen in northwestern Mexico

The geology of the polyorogenic El Fuerte region is described here, with particular reference to the effects of the late Mesozoic Nevadan orogeny. On a gneissose basement of probable Pre-cambrian age, possible upper Paleozoic sediments and silicic volcanic materials were deposited, isoclinally folded (D s 1) and eroded prior to the deposition of a thick sequence of Cretaceous mafic volcanic rocks and subordinate limestones. The West Mexican batholith is represented by prekinematic mafic plutons and late-kinematic to postkinematic granitoids. Upright isoclines (D N 1) dominate the structure, but two later fold phases are recognized. The youngest phase may be partly related to strike-slip displacement along the Torreon-Monterrey lineament. Granite emplacement contemporaneous with or postdating D N 3 folding has produced widespread contact metamorphism overprinting the lower greenschist facies assemblages that were stable during the earlier Nevadan folding. By Paleocene time, erosion had exhumed the granite-metamorphic complex, which was then covered by volcanic equivalents of still later granites, gently folded, eroded, and recovered by Miocene ignimbrite sheets. Quaternary basalts and fluviatile deposits complete the succession.

Field of study: Geology
Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressi ng Tomato Tm-2~2 Display Resistanc e Specificity to Tobamoviruses

The fact that the Tm-2~2 g ene expressed in the transgenic to bacco suggested that the Tm-2~2 res istance property functioned comple tely without any change in diffe rent genera of the Solanoideae fam ily.Tm-2~2-transformed tobacco plan ts were resistant to 5 strains of T obamoviruses and the resistance wa s overcome by the virus breaker To MV-GM65.This result indicated that amino acid variation in the movement protein of ToMV could affect the re sponse activity of R protein to ToMV infection.The infection symptoms d iffering in two types of transform ant suggested that the promoter co ntrolling the expression of Tm-2~2 gene played a significant role in the resistant reaction.

Field of study: Biology
Self-Efficacy of Filipino Senior High School Students: Differences Among Tracks/Strand and Type of School

The study sought to determine the self–efficacy of Grade 11 senior high school students in the academic (mastery of experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and somatic-emotional states), and health component in an urban school in the Philippines. Using a ten-point self-efficacy scale, administered to a sample of 150 students from three public and three private schools in Quezon City, Metro Manila, the study reveals that senior high school students have a moderate level of self-efficacy. Also, the general self-efficacy of students does not differ across school type; however, a significant difference occurs within the component of self-efficacy, i.e., vicarious experience and verbal persuasion across school type. The analysis reveals that students from public schools have high self-efficacy level regarding vicarious experience as compared to students from private schools. On the contrary, students from private schools yield a much higher self-efficacy score than their counterpart in the verbal persuasion component of the self-efficacy scale. Also, a significant difference across tracks/strand occurs in the verbal persuasion component. As a conclusion, Grade 11 students have a moderate self-efficacy, implying that they are confident of succeeding academically. Second, for a homogenous group, age and self-efficacy are not associated. Third, merely belonging to a particular school and a specific track generates or boosts self-efficacy in one way or the other.  self-efficacy, senior high school, Philippine education, K-12, test and scale DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-8-02 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Field of study: Education
Exotic shapes in 40Ca and 36Ar studied with Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics

The structures of the ground and excited states of sd‐shell nuclei: 40Ca and 36Ar were studied with a method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. Recently observed rotational bands were described with deformed intrinsic states which are dominated by excited configurations such as 4p‐4h, 8p‐8h and 4p‐8h states. The results showed the coexistence of various kinds of exotic shapes with oblate, prolate and large prolate deformatios in the low‐energy region of 40Ca. Possible cluster aspects in heavy sd‐shell nuclei were implied in these exotic shapes.

Field of study: Physics
Synthesis and Application of Graphene–Sodium Polyacrylate–Pd Nanocomposite in Amperometric Determination of Ciprofloxacin

Graphene–sodium polyacrylate–Pd (GN–PAAS–Pd) nanocomposite was synthesized and applied to the amperometric determination of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The electrochemical behaviour of CIP on the nanocomp...

Field of study: Chemistry
Palaeoecology of late Early Miocene fauna in the Namib based on 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios of tooth enamel and ratite eggshell carbonate

We explored the stable light isotope ecology of a sample of extinct Namibian mammals from the early Miocene, a period when conditions are believed to have been relatively warm and moist. Where possible we compared isotope values of mammalian tooth enamel (Rhinocerotidae, Suidae, Climacoceratidae, Pliohyracidae, Gomphotheriidae and Deinotheriidae) with those of eggshells of a co-existing Aepyornithoid (19–20 Ma). In general, the isotopic values of tooth enamel in all mammalian fauna, including likely mixed feeders/grazers, are consistent with C 3 diets as expected for this period, and the ratite eggshells are consistently enriched in both 13 C and 18 O compared to the mammals. High eggshell carbon and oxygen isotope values at the sites of Grillental and Elisabethfeld suggest that ratite birds occupied a dry niche that possibly included CAM plants, while results for Langental suggest moister, cooler conditions. Arrisdrift (ca. 17–17.5 Ma) mammalian tooth enamel values overlap those of the 19–20 Ma sites. The dataset for Arrisdrift reveals distinctive patterning between species. In particular the two suid species differ significantly in δ 18 O and δ 13 C, suggesting distinct ecological niches consistent with predictions from their dental morphology. On the other hand, two distinct data populations for one species of Prohyrax may suggest different environmental conditions during the period in which the site formed.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Bohr Institute Still Studies The Quantum and the Nucleus

The Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen is bigger today than it used to be when it was the Institute for Theoretical Physics. The name changed in 1965, when the founder's name was added, but the program remains about the same as it was in earlier days. The word “theoretical” was meant to mean “basic” as opposed to “applied,” and its disappearance implies no change.

Field of study: Physics
Risk Avoidance under Limited Liability

When the expected flow returns from an investment is positive, bankruptcy carries a cost in terms of the future profit opportunities forgone. This paper demonstrates that, under limited liability, the one-shot gain from taking risky projects is offset by the long-term loss resulting from a higher probability of bankruptcy. In a multi-period model, the incentive problems associated with limited liability is less severe than what static models would suggest. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D81, G33.

Field of study: Economics
A Routing Protocol based on Temporal-awareness Ordered-MPR for Dynamic Wireless Multi-hop Mobile Networks

Dynamic mobile Wireless Network is one important infrastructure for special environment or special applications. High delay and low delivery ratio are its major challenges because of the absence of a complete end-to-end path between source nodes to destination nodes. Although some protocols have been proposed, they usually ignore the action diversity, communication time and duration. In this paper we present a temporal-awareness dynamic routing protocol using order MPR (Multi Point Relays) methods for wireless multi-hop mobile networks. Ordered MPR is the minimum set of nodes that could connect one node’s 2-hop neighbors, in which nodes are ordered by temporal information. Each node has its order MPR and it could update it adaptively with some adaptive rules. When transferring data, the node selects nodes with higher evaluation value from its MPR to relay. Because of the dynamic topology and to avoid the local decision ineffectiveness, we make the node also select one node from non MPR randomly at the same time. Experiments show that our method can not only reduce the average end-to-end delay but also improve the delivery ratio.

Field of study: Computer science
Status of Foreign Electric Vehicle Development Strategy and Charge-Exchange Service

Based on extensive survey,this article introduces the latest electric vehicle(EV) development strategies of several developed countries and some EV standards.In view of rare papers of introducing foreign corporation's detailed strategy on EV charge-exchange service,this article researches three corporations' characteristic service strategies and analyzes the strategies' advantages and disadvantages,which could be a reference to developing EV charge-exchange service.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Interaction of 2-aryl-6-hydroxy-5,6-tetra-methyl-enepiperidine-3,3,4,4-tetracarbonitriles and 2-aryl-5,6-tetramethylene-3,3,4-tricyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxamides with ammonia

The interaction of 2-aryl-6-hydroxy-5,6-tetramethylenepiperidine-3,3,4,4-tetracarbonitriles and 2-aryl-5,6-tetramethylene-3,3,4-tricyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxamides with ammonia results in the formation of 5-aryl-1,7-tetramethylene-3-imino-4,8-dicyano-2,6-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8-carboxamides. In solvents, these latter compounds are converted to 3-amino-6-oxo-1,8-tetramethylene-2,7-diazabicyclo-[3.2.1]octa-3-ene-4,5-dicarbonitrile and 2-amino-3-cyano-5,6-tetramethylenepyridine-4-carboxamide.

Field of study: Chemistry
Orientation of a molecular gas by resonance radiation, optical detection, and their applications in laser spectroscopy

The results are reported of an investigation of resonant optical detection in molecular gases. An analysis is made of the mechanisms responsible for the additional permittivity and static polarization of a gas under the action of resonance radiation and a static electric field. Resonant optical detection of OsO4 and SF6 molecules, pumped by CO2 laser radiation, was observed experimentally.

Field of study: Engineering, Physics
Characterization of semi-interpenetrating polymer electrolytes containing poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and ether-modified polysiloxane

This work presents a detailed study of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polysiloxane-comb-propyl(triethylene oxide) (PSx) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) prepared by a solution casting technique. According to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), formation of the PVDF-HFPs crystalline phase is inhibited by the PSx which results in a significant improvement of tensile strain. A homogeneous distribution of PVDF-HFP and PSx in the membrane is analyzed using micro-FTIR mapping. Since no peak-shift due to mixing of PVDF-HFP and PSx was observed in FTIR second derivative analysis, computational models were applied to investigate the intermolecular interactions between the constituting domains of different polarity. An influence of PVDF-HFP on the Li+ transport in the ion-conducting PSx was determined by calculating the effective conductivities. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.7 × 10- 5 S cm- 1 at room temperature was reached with 15 wt.% LiTFSI. The electrochemical stability window ranges from 0.5 V to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+ reference electrode.

Field of study: Materials science
Faculty Entrepreneurship in Research University Environments.

Opportunities for entrepreneurship present themselves to faculty at research universities with increasing frequency. However, recent research suggests that universities are not the source of many new ventures . This article examines how faculty perceive and respond to entrepreneurial and commercialization opportunities. Implications can be drawn for university cultures and particularly administrators and faculty as well as for agents of economic development. Universities are some of the most enduring institutions in history. They are immense repositories of knowledge and expertise, primarily embedded in the resources of faculty. As the U.S. economy moves in the direction of entrepreneurial and technological development, the role of the university has diversified beyond traditional instructional and research missions. Commercial and political pressures coming primarily from outside universities seek to gradually adapt them into more flexible, economically responsive institutions. Current attention on "competitiveness" will only heighten these pressures and present universities with dilemmas involving different and changing values of various stakeholders. The purpose of this article is to explore one aspect of the current movement to redirect faculty resources and expand the role of faculty

Field of study: Education
Evolution of U.S. Household Agency Over Stages of Capitalism

We suggest ways to explore household agency over stages of capitalism as delineated by Hyman Minsky. We make a distinction between households as institutions and going concerns. Furthermore, we delineate two levels of household agency: (i) household going concerns operating through the institution of the household, and (ii) household going concerns operating through other institutions, such as the state and the business enterprise. Those layers of household agency are especially salient in money manager capitalism, where there is an illusionary agency for most households, and where actual agency increases mostly for those households that are able to operate as agents outside of the household institution.

Field of study: Economics
A single photon emission computerised tomography study of regional brain function underlying verbal memory in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia.

Ten patients with Alzheimer-type dementia and nine age-matched normal controls were examined with SPECT, using split-dose 99mTc-labelled exametazime. The baseline condition involved repetition of the word 'yes' or 'no'. The activation condition involved recognition (indicated by a 'yes' or 'no') of words from a previously learned list presented along with distractor words. Patients who performed this task successfully were selected, and efforts were made to match the patients with controls according to their performance on the task, although this was not fully achieved. Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime was estimated at baseline and during the word-recognition task for predetermined regions of interest drawn from a standard neuroanatomical atlas. The baseline task appeared to normalise tracer uptake for frontal, temporal and parietal cortex in the patient group. However, during the recognition task, controls but not patients showed activation effects. These were most prominent in dorsolateral frontal cortex and adjacent anterior cingulate cortex. Among patients, successful performance was correlated with activation of dorsolateral frontal and parietal cortex on the left side. The results confirm the central role of frontal mechanisms in a recognition memory task. The study highlights some of the difficulties of using cognitive challenge tests in clinical groups.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Contributions of Friends to Women's Fear of Success in College

In this study fear of success of 88 female college freshmen was examined in relation to their friends' interest in college. Subjects wrote stories to a cue designed to elicit fear of success imagery. Analysis showed more fear of success for women whose friends were not going to college than for women whose friends were interested in college. The results suggest that women who fear success in college fear the disapproval and rejection of their friends. More generally, the results in context of prior literature suggest that fear of success involves expected disapproval by significant others.

Field of study: Psychology
On the robustness of kernel-based pairwise learning

It is shown that many results on the statistical robustness of kernel-based pairwise learning can be derived under basically no assumptions on the input and output spaces. In particular neither moment conditions on the conditional distribution of Y given X = x nor the boundedness of the output space is needed. We obtain results on the existence and boundedness of the influence function and show qualitative robustness of the kernel-based estimator. The present paper generalizes results by Christmann and Zhou (2016) by allowing the prediction function to take two arguments and can thus be applied in a variety of situations such as ranking.

Field of study: Computer science
On the Foundations of Probability and Statistics

It's not surprisingly when entering this site to get the book. One of the popular books now is the foundations of probability and statistics. You may be confused because you can't find the book in the book store around your city. Commonly, the popular book will be sold quickly. And when you have found the store to buy the book, it will be so hurt when you run out of it. This is why, searching for this popular book in this website will give you benefit. You will not run out of this book.

Field of study: Mathematics
Errors in geological compass determinations of the attitude of planar structures

ZusammenfassungIn einer experimentellen Studie wurde durch wiederholte Messungen mit dem geologischen Kompaß die Fehlerverteilung bei der Messung von ebenen geologischen Flächen bestimmt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die dreidimensionale Verteilung der Fehler mit dem Einfallwinkel kaum zusammenhängt. Es gibt keine Beziehung zwischen der Variation des Streichens und des Einfallens. Die Variation bei der Bestimmung des Streichens nimmt mit abnehmendem Einfallwinkel stark zu. Eine reziproke Beziehung zwischen der Standardabweichung bei wiederholter Messung des Streichens und dem Sinus des Einfallwinkels kann nachgewiesen werden.AbstractAn experimental study has been carried out to establish the error distribution in the attitude of a planar geological surface, determined through repeated measurement with a geological compass. The three dimensional error distribution proves to be scarcely dependent on dip angle. Strike and dip variations are not related. The variation in strike determinations strongly increases with decreasing dip angle. The inverse proportionality of the standard deviation of repeated strike determinations and the sine of the dip angle is substantiated. It is a consequence of the variables chosen (strike and dip) to indicate the attitude of a planar surface.RésuméUne étude expérimentale a été entreprise pour déterminer la distribution avec des erreurs dans l'attitude des surfaces géologiques planes, à partier de mesures répétées avec une boussole géologique.La distribution tridimensionelle des erreurs ne dépend guère de l'inclinaison du pendage. Variations en direction et en pendage sont sans relation. La variation dans les déterminations de direction augmente fortement avec la diminuation de l'inclinaison du pendage. La proportionalité inverse de la déviation standard de déterminations répétées de la direction et le sinus de l'angle de l'inclinaison du pendage a été mise en relief. C'est Une des conséquences des variables choisies (direction et pendage) pour indiquer l'attitude d'une surface plane.кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕс пОМОЩьУ гЕОлОгИЧЕс кОгО кОМпАсА пРОВОДИ лИ МНОгОкРАтНыЕ ИжМЕРЕ НИь гЕОлОгИЧЕскИх плОскОстЕИ, ЧтОБы Уст АНОВИть ОшИБкИ МЕтОД А. ОкАжАлОсь, ЧтО тРЕхРАжМЕРНАь Ош ИБкА НЕ жАВИсИт От УглА пАДЕН Иь. сВьжИ МЕжДУ ВАРИАц ИьМИ пРОстИРАНИь И пАДЕНИ ь НА сУЩЕстВУЕт ВАРИцИь пРИ ОпРЕДЕлЕ НИИ пРОстИРАНИь УВЕл ИЧИВАЕтсь с УМЕНьшЕНИЕМ УглА пАД ЕНИь. ДОкАжАНО ОБРАтНОЕ сООтНОшЕНИ Е МЕжДУ РАжБРОсОМ ДАН Ных пРИ пОВтОРНых ИжМЕРЕНИь х И сИНУсОМ УглА пАДЕНИь.

Field of study: Environmental science
Differential regulation of natriuretic peptide receptors on ciliary body epithelial cells.

Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP) lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes of humans and rabbits. We examined the effects of natriuretic peptides on cGMP formation and 125I-labelled-ANP binding to cultured cells derived from ciliary body epithelium, the site of aqueous humour formation in the eye. ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) at 1 microM stimulated cGMP formation 8.2(+/-1.2)-fold, 4.8(+/-0.6)-fold and 87.3(+/-12.1)-fold respectively. 125I-ANP bound to intact cells at a single site, with a dissociation constant KD=0.30+/-0.01 nM. BNP was as effective as ANP in displacing 125I-ANP, whereas CNP displaced label with a slightly higher IC50. 125I-ANP binding was displaced >95% by c-ANP, a specific ligand for natriuretic peptide C receptors (NPR-C). Cross-linking of 125I-ANP to cells labelled predominantly a protein of Mr 62000. These data suggest that 125I-ANP binding was primarily to NPR-C, whereas cGMP stimulation occurred primarily via natriuretic peptide B receptors (NPR-B). Vasopressin and histamine, both activators of the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol phosphate pathway in non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, inhibited CNP stimulation of guanylate cyclase (NPR-B) and 125I-ANP binding (NPR-C) by 30-38%. Inhibition was mimicked by PMA, dioctanoylglycerol and phorbol didecanoate, whereas 4alpha phorbol didecanoate had no effect. Staurosporine and bisindolylmaleimide both blocked inhibition of 125I-ANP binding and cGMP formation by PMA. These results suggest that protein kinase C (PKC) down-regulates both NPR-B and NPR-C. PKC down-regulation of NPR-B varied inversely with CNP concentration. Inhibition by 1 microM PMA was 30.6(+/-4.0)% with 500 nM CNP, but 83.4(+/-8.8)% with 10 nM CNP, indicating that increasing CNP could partially overcome inhibition by PMA. Since extracellular CNP levels were not affected by PKC activation, the effect of PKC on NPR-B is best explained as a reduction in NPR-B affinity for CNP. NPR-C measured as 125I-ANP binding was likewise reduced 36.4(+/-5.1)% by exposure to PMA. In contrast with NPR-B inhibition, however, inhibition of NPR-C was due largely to a reduction in the number of receptor binding sites per cell rather than a reduction in receptor affinity for ligand. The data therefore suggest that both NPR-B and NPR-C are down-regulated by PKC, but that the mechanisms of down-regulation of the two receptors are different.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science