nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Impairments in learning and memory accompanied by neurodegeneration in mice transgenic for the carboxyl-terminus of the amyloid precursor protein.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive decline of cognitive functions is accompanied by neuropathology that includes the degeneration of neurons and the deposition of amyloid in plaques and in the cerebrovasculature. We have proposed that a fragment of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) comprising the carboxyl-terminal 100 amino acids of this molecule (APP-C100) plays a crucial role in the neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive decline in AD. To test this hypothesis, we performed behavioral analyses on transgenic mice expressing APP-C100 in the brain. The results revealed that homozygous APP-C100 transgenic mice were significantly impaired in cued, spatial and reversal performance of a Morris water maze task, that the degree of the impairment in the spatial learning was age-dependent, and that the homozygous mice displayed significantly more degeneration of neurons in Ammon's horn of the hippocampal formation than did heterozygous or control mice. Among the heterozygotes, females were relatively more impaired in their spatial learning than were males. These findings show that expression of APP-C100 in the brain can cause age-dependent cognitive impairments that are accompanied by hippocampal degeneration.

Field of study: Biology
Failure analysis of GaAs microwave devices with plastic encapsulation by electro-optical techniques

GaAs devices technology used for space applications have failed before the required 1000 h of the temperature humidity bias standard aging test. The results have shown that gate-source reverse bias is the most severe stress condition for transistors and also that capacitors are the most critical parts. This paper establishes an original method to analyze plastic encapsulated devices by combining different electro-optical techniques. Many of the possible faults in ICs are linked with local heat dissipation, such as shorts between lines, oxide or junction breakdowns. Infrared thermography is based on emissivity of a material at a given temperature in relation with Planck’s law. This kind of system generates a temperature map image with a micrometric spatial resolution. Thanks to the transparency property of GaAs to near-infrared wavelengths, we propose a backside failure analysis of encapsulated devices and a precise localization of physical defects, without altering the surface. This methodology enables to make the link between electrical failure signatures and failure mechanisms of GaAs devices during aging tests.

Field of study: Engineering
Europa heautentimorumene: es decir, que míseramente a sí misma se atormenta y lamenta su propia desgracia. Andrés Laguna , Miguel Ángel González Manjarréz

Charles and to the regent Empress Isabel. Lope's letters are, therefore, rich sources of information about the domestic life of the highest levels of Portuguese society, including marriage negotiations, illnesses, rivalries, and a whole world of intimate feuds and alliances. Lope also reports in detail on Portuguese operations in the Spice Islands and on far-flung incidents such as Cortez's effort to send five ships from Mexico to the Moluccas. Viaud provides a masterful overview, a meticulous transcription of Lope's 144 letters surviving from 1530 through 1532, as well as tables, charts, maps, bibliography, illustrations, and three indices. The book is testimony to the aesthetic and editorial excellence that a dedicated scholar can achieve with the support of a generous sponsor. HELEN NADER University of Arizona

Field of study: History
Nucleon-nucleon partial-wave analysis to 1.6 GeV.

An energy-dependent analysis and set of energy-independent analyses are presented for the nucleon-nucleon elastic-scattering data below 1.6 GeV. the database from which the energy-dependent and 25 pp (18 np) single-energy solutions are obtained consists of 11 880 pp and 7572 np data. A resonancelike structure is found to occur in the 1 D 2 , 3 F 3 , and 3 P 2 - 3 F 2 partial waves ; this behavior is associated with poles in the complex energy plane

Field of study: Physics
Three cytosolic NAD-malate dehydrogenase isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana: on the crossroad between energy fluxes and redox signaling

In yeast and animal cells, mitochondrial disturbances resulting from imbalances in the respiratory chain require malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities for re-directing fluxes of reducing equivalents. In plants, in addition to mitochondria, plastids use malate valves to counterbalance and maintain redox-homeostasis. Arabidopsis expresses three cytosolic MDH isoforms, namely cyMDH1, cyMDH2, and cyMDH3, the latter possessing an N-terminal extension carrying a unique cysteine residue C2. In this study, redox-effects on activity and structure of all three cyMDH isoforms were analyzed in vitro. cyMDH1 and cyMDH2 were reversibly inactivated by diamide treatment, accompanied by dimerization via disulfide-bridge formation. In contrast, cyMDH3 forms dimers and higher oligomers upon oxidation, but its low specific activity is redox-independent. In the presence of glutathione, cyMDH1 and cyMDH2 are protected from dimerization and inactivation. In contrast, cyMDH3 still dimerizes but does not form oligomers any longer. From analyses of single and double cysteine mutants and structural modeling of cyMDH3, we conclude that the presence of C2 and C336 allows for multiple cross-links in the higher molecular mass complexes comprising disulfides within the dimer as well as between monomers of two different dimers. Furthermore, nuclear localization of cyMDH isoforms was significantly increased under oxidizing conditions in isolated Arabidopsis protoplasts, in particular of isoform cyMDH3. The unique cyMDH3 C2–C2-linked dimer is, therefore, a good candidate as a redox-sensor taking over moonlighting functions upon disturbances of energy metabolism, as shown previously for the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) where oxidative modification of the sensitive catalytic cysteine residues induces nuclear translocation.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Instrument artifacts lead to uncertainties in parameterizations of cloud condensation nucleation

The concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) modulate cloud
properties, rainfall location and intensity, and climate forcings. This work
assesses uncertainties in CCN measurements and the apparent hygroscopicity
parameter ( κapp ), which is widely used to represent CCN
populations in climate models. CCN measurements require accurate operation of
three instruments: the CCN instrument, the differential mobility analyzer
(DMA), and the condensation particle counter (CPC). Assessment of DMA
operation showed that varying the ratio of aerosol to sheath flow from 0.05
to 0.30 resulted in discrepancies between the κapp values
calculated from CCN measurements and the literature value. Discrepancies were
found to increase from  % to 13 % for both sodium chloride and
ammonium sulfate. The ratio of excess to sheath flow was also varied, which
shifted the downstream aerosol distribution towards smaller particle
diameters (for excess flow   sheath flow) or larger particle diameters
(for excess flow  >  sheath flow) than predicted. For the CPC instrument,
undercounting occurred at high concentrations, resulting in calculated
 κapp lower than the literature values. Lastly, undercounting
by CCN instruments at high concentration was also assessed, taking the effect
of supersaturation on counting efficiency into account. Under recommended
operating conditions, the combined DMA, CPC, and CCN uncertainties in
 κapp are 1.2 % or less for 25 to 200 nm diameter
aerosols.

Field of study: Environmental science
Structural Evolution in Isothermal Crystallization Process of Poly(L-lactic acid) Enhanced by Silk Fibroin Nano-Disc

The nucleating effect of silk fibroin nano-disc (SFN) on the crystallization behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated by simultaneous synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. For the isothermal crystallization at 110 °C from the melt, the induction period of the PLLA specimens containing 1% SFN was reduced compared to that of the neat specimens, indicating the acceleration of the nucleation of PLLA. The final degree of crystallinity was also increased, and the crystallization half-time was decreased, which indicates that the overall crystallization process was accelerated. Furthermore, the final value of the crystallite size (the lateral size of the crystalline lamella) was slightly lower for the specimens containing 1% SFN than that for the PLLA neat specimen, although the crystallites started growing much earlier. However, it was found that there was no effect of SFN on the growth rate of the crystallite size. The lamellar thickening process was also accelerated with a clear overshooting phenomenon with the inclusion of 1% SFN. As for the polymorphism, the α’ phase is dominant with about 96%, but a small amount of the α phase (4%) is found to exist. It was found that the SFN can also accelerate the formation of the minor α phase as well as the major α’ phase.

Field of study: Materials science
An Investigation of Secondary School 7th Grade Students’ Awareness for Intangible Cultural Heritage

The aim of this study is to determine the secondary school students’ views about the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) elements, which are in the social studies curriculum, and to raise awareness of these elements if there is any intangible cultural heritage in their neighbourhood. This study, which is based on the qualitative research method, was conducted in phenomenology design. The study group of the research consists of 25 students studying in schools in Bartin Province centre and its villages. In the study, data were obtained from semi-structured interview forms. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research, students are confused about the concept of ICH elements. It is seen that students’ attention toward cultural events could not be transferred to practice, were negatively affected by technological developments and the experience of families about ICH elements are effective on students’ attitudes toward cultural heritage elements. According to another result obtained in the research, the students who participated in the study gave more examples about social rituals, festivals and children's games for ICH. When the given examples are examined, it is seen that there are examples for the ICH elements from the immediate surroundings of the students. In addition, students stated that the protection of cultural heritage is necessary for the protection of the national identity.  intangible cultural heritage, secondary school students, cultural awareness, social studies

Field of study: Education
Research on the Parcels Communication Mechanism of High Performance Parallel PIM Systems

Parallel systems based on PIM technology are expected to provide higher scalability, adaptability, robustness, fault tolerance and lower power consumption than current MPPs or commodity clusters. By Parcels, PIM parallel systems can easily implement message-driven computation, overlap computation and communication, reduce latency effects on performance of fine-grained parallelism applications and take advantage of the tremendous amount of internal bandwidth available on a PIM node and the locality exhibited by the application. This paper lays stress on the introduction of the parcels communication mechanism and the parcels communication model, and explores typical systems that using parcels. Finally we analyze existing problems about parcels and point the further research directions.

Field of study: Computer science
[An increase in the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions: combination and substitution of antidepressants].

To comprehensively analyze the possibilities of using the methods of correction of non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions.



Methods of potentiating, combination and substitution of non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions were studied.



Indications to the use and specific algorithms of substitution and addition of antidepressants in non-effective psychopharmacotherapy of late-onset depressions have been developed. These algorithms of combination therapy suggest the possibilities for choosing the individual combinations of antidepressants.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
The penumbra of thalidomide, the litigation culture and the licensing of pharmaceuticals

Fifty years ago several thousand children were born with severe limb defects after their mothers had been given thalidomide in pregnancy. This tragedy caused procedures for licensing new medicines to become much stricter. Where, nevertheless, significant side effects were found it became common to sue for damages. These consequences have caused possibly an even greater disaster damaging many more people and threatening ruin to health services everywhere. The huge increase in both time and cost in bringing medicines to market is increasing their price to unsupportable levels; and only wealthy companies are now able to do so. This requires reform as does litigation for ‘statistical’ harmful effects.

Field of study: Medicine
Sur la Propri\'et\'e (T) tordue par un produit tensoriel

In this article, we consider tensor products of unitary representations by irreducible non-unitary finite dimensional representations of topological groups to define a property that is a twisting of Kazhdan's Property (T). We use the uniform decay of the matrix coefficients of unitary representations, to show that for most of the real semi-simple Lie groups having Kazhdan's Property (T), any finite dimensional irreducible representation $\rho$ of $G$, is isolated among representations of the form $\rho\otimes\pi$, where $\pi$ ranges over the irreducible unitary representations, in a sense to be made precise.

Field of study: Mathematics
Electronic structure reconstruction by orbital symmetry breaking in IrTe2

We report an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study on IrTe2 which exhibits an interesting lattice distortion below 270 K and becomes triangular lattice superconductors by suppressing the distortion via chemical substitution or intercalation. ARPES results at 300 K show multi-band Fermi surfaces with six-fold symmetry which are basically consistent with band structure calculations. At 20 K in the distorted phase, topology of the inner Fermi surfaces is strongly modified by the lattice distortion. The Fermi surface reconstruction by the distortion depends on the orbital character of the Fermi surfaces, suggesting importance of Ir \(5d\) and/or Te \(5p\) orbital symmetry breaking.

Field of study: Physics
Research on Network Traffic Collecting Based on sFlow in Dual-Stack Circumstance

Based on sFlow,it is possible to design IPv4/v6 compatible traffic monitoring sytem.Introduces data format of sFlow datagram and the traffic information from sFlow datagram,explains the meaning and use of traffic information in details.Based on this,discusses the design of data-base and process of traffic collecting,involves compatible storage of IPv4/v6 information and performance optimization of data querying,and presents some traffic data collected by the system.

Field of study: Computer science
Late Albian ammonite biostratigraphy of the Kirchrode I borehole, Hannover, Germany

The ammonite biostratigraphy of the 245 m of sediments of Late Albian age traversed in the Kirchrode I (1/91) boring, situated in the south-eastern suburbs of the City of Hannover (Lower Saxony basin), is described. Correlation is made with the Actinoceramus (‘Birostrina’) bivalve-biostratigraphy in the part of the core of early Late Albian age and with the Inoceramus (Inoceramus) lissa-Aucellina gryphaeoides succession above. The earliest sediments of Late Albian age are of late Dipoloceras cristatum Subzone age with a good representation of the Hysteroceras orbignyi Subzone and an incomplete representation of the Hysteroceras varicosum Subzone. A notable feature of the succession is the presence of a considerable thickness (ca. 164 m) of sediments of Callihoplites auritus Subzone age. Sediments of Stoliczkaia dispar Zone age indicate the representation of the Mortoniceras (Mortoniceras) rostratum, Mortoniceras (Durnovarites) perinflatum and Arrhaphoceras (Praeschloenbachia) briacensis Subzones. The ammonite fauna of the borehole is listed and the ammonite biostratigraphy of the clay sediments traversed is discussed. A brief comparison is made with other surface and borehole sections in northern Germany and elsewhere and the more cosmopolitan Tethyan elements of the fauna are indicated and discussed.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Oxygen permeation and electrical transport properties of 60 vol.% Bi1.6Y0.4O3 and 40 vol.% Ag composite prepared by the sol-gel method

A composite material composed of 60 vol.% Bi 1.6 Y 0.4 O 3 and 40 vol.% Ag was directly fabricated by a citrate sol–gel method. Composite material constituting of metallic Ag and bismuth oxide phase with a high oxide ionic conductivity was formed by heating the precursor above 1073 K. A well-sintered material was fabricated using the precursor powder prepared via the sol–gel route. Oxygen permeation in the Bi 1.6 Y 0.4 O 3 –Ag composite was measured as a function of the partial pressure difference of oxygen between the two sides of a membrane and temperature. The rate-determining step in oxygen permeation is concluded to be oxide ion transport in the Bi 1.6 Y 0.4 O 3 component of the composite.

Field of study: Materials science
Multiple Directional Differentiation Difference of Neonatal Rat Fibroblasts from Six Organs

Fibroblasts are abundantly distributed throughout connective tissues in the body and are very important in maintaining the structural and functional integrity. Recent reports have proved that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells share much more in common than previously recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate comparative studies in fibroblasts on the differences in the expression of molecular markers and differentiation capacity from different organs.  Combined trypsin/collagenase enzymes digestion method was used to isolate and culture the fibroblasts derived from heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and skin. Cell activity was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Common molecular markers for fibroblasts such as vimentin, DDR2 and FSP1, stem cell markers nanog, c-kit and sca-1 were detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting. The osteogenic, adipogenic and cardiogenic differentiations of fibroblasts were performed by inductive culture in special mediums, and analyzed by Alizarin red, Oil red O and immunofluorescence staining of cTnT respectively.  The proliferation rate of fibroblasts in lung was faster than in other five organs. Common molecular markers for fibroblasts were expressed differently in different organs. DDR2 was strongly expressed in fibroblasts in the heart, partly expressed in the heart, skin, liver and spleen. Interestingly, no expression of DDR2 was detected in liver and kidney. However, vimentin and FSP1 were consistently expressed in fibroblasts from skin, liver, kidney, spleen and lung. nanog expression in fibroblasts from lung was less than that from heart, skin, liver and spleen (P < 0.01). c-kit expression in fibroblasts from heart, skin and kidney was higher than that from spleen (P < 0.05), while the c-kit positive fibroblasts from liver was obviously higher than that from spleen (P < 0.01). But sca-1 expression in fibroblasts from lung was the lowest among six organs (P < 0.01). Directed differentiation in vitro had demonstrated that skin fibroblasts had the strongest multiple differentiation potential, and the next was cardiac fibroblasts. And fibroblasts in liver and kidney had the advantage in myocardial differentiation, while fibroblasts in spleen only had the advantage in osteogenic differentiation.  There are obvious heterogeneity in molecular markers and muti-directional differentiation in fibroblasts from six organs.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
House dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus increases expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in human monocytic THP-1 cells.

The house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2)/IL-6/IL-8 (CXCL8) plays a pivotal role in mediating the infiltration of various cells into the skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of D. pteronissinus extract (DpE) on expression of MCP-1/IL-6/IL-8 mRNA and protein and the signal transduction in the human monocytic cell line, THP-1. The mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1/CCL2, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated by DpE in a time and dose-dependent manner in THP-1 cells. The increased expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 was not affected by aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor) or E64 (cysteine protease inhibitor). We found that MCP-1 and IL-6 expression due to DpE was related to Src, protein kinase C delta (PKC delta), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and IL-8 expression was involved in Src family tyrosine kinase, PKC delta, ERK. DpE increased the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK after 5min and peaked at 30min. The activation was significantly blocked by PP2, an inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinase and rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKC delta (p<0.01). DpE increases MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression and transduces its signal via Src family tyrosine kinase, PKC, and ERK in a protease-independent manner. This finding may contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism triggered by DpE .

Field of study: Medicine
Conservation status of Asian elephants: the influence of habitat and governance

Understanding the drivers of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) abundance and distribution is critical for effective elephant conservation, yet no such analysis exists despite decades of assessments and planning. We explored the influence of habitat- and governance-related drivers on elephant abundance across the 13 Asian elephant range countries. We tested competing statistical models by integrating a binary index of elephant abundance (IEA) derived from expert knowledge with different predictor variables including habitat, human population, socioeconomics, and governance data. We employed logistic regression and model-averaging techniques based on Akaike’s Information Criterion to identify the best-performing subset among our 12 candidate models and used the model-averaged results to predict IEA in other areas in Asia where elephant population status is currently unknown. Forest area was our strongest single predictor variable. The best performing model, however, featured a combination of habitat and governance variables including forest area, level of corruption, proportional mix of forest and agriculture, and total agricultural area. Our predictive model identified five areas with medium–high to high probability to have populations with >150 elephants, which we believe should be surveyed to assess their status. Asian elephants persist in areas that are dominated by forest but also seem to benefit from a mix of agricultural activities. A relatively low level of corruption is also important and we conclude that effective governance is essential for maintaining Asian elephant populations. Asian elephant populations cannot be maintained solely in protected areas but need well-managed, mixed-use landscapes where people and elephants coexist.

Field of study: Environmental science