nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody specific to recombinant dengue multi-epitope protein.

Monoclonal antibodies against novel dengue recombinant protein were produced following immunization of Balb/c mice with recombinant dengue multi-epitope protein (r-DMEP) expressed in Escherichia coli vector and purified in a single-step chromatography system. Antigenicity of r-DMEP was evaluated by dot enzyme immunoassay. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with five doses each of 100 microg of this novel antigen at 1-week intervals and a final intravenous booster dose prior to the fusion. Hybridomas resulted from fusion of myeloma cells and splenocytes using PEG-1500 as an additive. Selection of the hybrids was done using HAT medium, and the hybrids thus selected were finally screened qualitatively and quantitatively by dot and plate immunoassays, respectively. Five antibody secretory hybrid clones exhibited specific reactivity against r-DMEP by dot-ELISA, whereas a lone clone was found to be cross-reactive with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to r-DME protein recognized the envelope and non-structural epitopes by Western blot analysis. These MAbs were further checked for their diagnostic efficacy using dengue suspected clinical samples and found overall sensitivity and specificity for DRDE dipstick ELISA. MAb-based dipstick ELISA results were 85%, 75% and 85%, 90%, respectively.

Field of study: Biology
SELF-IDEAL DISCREPANCY AND THE CORRELATES SEX AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

A PSYCHOLOGICAL construct that seems to be directly related to personal adjustment is favorable ness of self-perception (11). Most discouraging from the standpoint of those concerned with the ed ucation of pr?adolescents are the indications that a sharp decrease in favorableness of self-perception occurs during grades three to five (5). In general, researchers in this area have con cerned themselves with two measures both con sidered measures of self-acceptance. One measure is simply the favorableness of self-perception, while the other self-acceptance measure is the degree of similarity between self-perception and perception of the "ideal-self". This latter perceptual entity con stitutes the perception an individual would prefer to have of himself. Both se If-acceptance measures have been shown to be related to personal adj us t ment (11).

Field of study: Education
Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having more than two conductive layers

According to a semiconductor device manufacturing method of the invention, a first polycrystalline silicon layer doped with an impurity, a thin oxide film, a second polycrystalline silicon layer, and a silicon nitride film are sequentially formed, one upon the other. The silicon nitride film, the second polycrystalline silicon layer, the thin oxide film, and the first polycrystalline silicon layer are then etched, in a self-aligned manner, by means of a photolithography process. A thick oxide film is formed on a side wall portion of the first polycrystalline silicon layer, using the silicon nitride film as a mask, and after the silicon nitride film is removed, a conductive film is formed on the entire surface. Since a film formation process advances without patterning the first polycrystalline silicon layer, the first polycrystalline silicon layer is not damaged by an RIE process and the like. A defect density of the oxide film formed on the first polycrystalline silicon layer can be reduced. Since the thick oxide film is formed on the side wall portion of the first polycrystalline silicon layer, a withstand voltage and reliability of this portion are largely improved.

Field of study: Engineering
Biogeographic hypothesis explaining the diversity of the genus Amphimallon Berthold, 1827, in the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Rhizotrogini)

In this paper, the analysis of the current distribution of species, or species-groups, of the Western–Palaearctic genus Amphimallon Berthold, 1827, based on a phylogenetic hypothesis recently provided and relevant paleogeographical events that occurred in the Mediterranean Basin from Late Paleogene (35 Myr BP) to the present, supports a biogeographical scenario to explain species diversity within this genus. The center of origin of this genus is hypothesized to be in the Iberian Peninsula. Microplate fragments drifting from the Iberian Peninsula, successive landmass suture events between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Basins, separation of Tethys and Paratethys Oceans, re-establishment of marine connections, uplift of the Alps, and drying out of the Mediterranean are hypothesized as the principal events allowing dispersal of populations throughout Mediterranean Basin and biogeographical vicariances within the genus Amphimallon.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Quality-Aware Cooperative Proxy Caching for Video Streaming Services

By applying a proxy mechanism widely used in WWW systems to video streaming systems, low-delay and high-quality video distribution can be accomplished without imposing extra load on the system. The video streaming system proposed in this paper consists of a video server and multiple proxy servers. In our mechanism, proxies communicate with each other and retrieve missing video data from an appropriate server by taking into account transfer delay and offerable quality. In addition, the quality of cached video data is adapted appropriately at a proxy to cope with the client-to-client heterogeneity in terms of the available bandwidth, end-system performance, and user preferences on the perceived video quality. Through simulation experiments, it is shown that our proposed mechanism can provide users with low-delay and highquality video streaming services. Furthermore, to verify our mechanism, we implement a real system for MPEG-4 video streaming services and show that our proxy caching system can provide users with a continuous video distribution under dynamically changing network conditions.

Field of study: Computer science
Cleavage resulting from intra-rabbit oviduct transfer of bovine gametes.

ウシの体外成熟培養卵子と前培養精子(カフェイン10mM,イオノホア0.1μMを含む修正PBS溶液で4時間)を偽妊娠家兎の卵管内に同時に移植し,48時間後の分割率を調ぺた。1404個の成熟培養卵子を50本の家兎卵管に移植し,800個の卵を回収した(回収率,57.0%)。回収卵の2~8細胞期への分割率は4.6%(37/800)であった。同一実験であっても,使用家兎間での分割率に変動(最大で0~36.4%)を認めた。

Field of study: Biology
New Comprehensive Recovery Technology for Gold-containing Waste Residue of Gold Beneficiation and Metallurgy Terminal Process

Focusing on gold-containing waste residue produced in the terminal process of gold beneficiation and metallurgy such as high carbon mud,carbon powder,waste slag and wastewater treatment pond mud etc,the technology of roasting-acid leaching-cyanidation was studied,the optimized condition was obtained and the technology accordance to industrial technology of fluidized roasting-acid leaching-cyanidation was researched.The results show that these two processes can match perfectly.By controlling right ratio of gold-containing waste residue to gold concentrate and matching corresponding dicyclic atomization feeding technology and calcination atmosphere,the recovery rate of Au and Cu is 94.37% and 85.07% respectively,which realizes high efficiency,energy saving and environmental production.

Field of study: Materials science
Upregulation of P21-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1)/CREB Axis in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

p21-activated Ser/Thr kinase 1 (PAK1) is essential for the genesis and development of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PAK1–cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) axis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis and its related mechanisms.  Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining were employed to investigate the PAK1 and CREB expression in the tissue microarray of human squamous NSCLC. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence confocal assays were performed to determine the link between PAK1 and CREB. NSCLC xenograft models were used to study oncogenic function of PAK1 in vivo.  We observed that PAK1 and CREB expression levels were significantly elevated in human squamous NSCLC-tissue specimens, compared with those in adjacent normal bronchial or bronchiolar epithelial-tissue specimens, as well as their phosphorylated forms, based on western blotting. We showed in vitro that PAK1 knockdown by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked CREB phosphorylation, whereas plasmid-based PAK1 overexpression resulted in CREB phosphorylation at Ser133, based on western blotting. In addition, PAK1 interacted with CREB in co-immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, our in vitro findings detected by flow cytometry revealed that PAK1 silencing attenuated cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis. Inhibition of PAK1 expression reduced tumor sizes and masses by modulating CREB expression and activation in xenograft models.  These results suggest a novel mechanism whereby the PAK1–CREB axis drives carcinogenesis of squamous-cell carcinomas, and have important implications in the development of targeted therapeutics for squamous-cell lung cancer.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
Poland: Command Planning in Crisis

The wave of strikes that took place in Poland in 1980 started as a protest against increases in food prices without corresponding adjustments in wages. The real cause was, however, much deeper. It was an expression of nonconfidence in the party and government leaders and their policies, and a protest against the system of planning and management which had not been able to secure improvements in the standard of living. The strikes were a sign that the workers, and the entire population, realized that Gierek and his group had no program and were not prepared to take the necessary risks to introduce bold systemic changes. There was general recognition that the economic situation would not improve without strong pressure from below without creating an emer-

Field of study: Economics
Udder health (part 5) : emergency treatment for SAG-mastitis : focus on mastitis

The eradication of Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG) from individual herds, is both practical and cost-effective. Mastitis due to SAG is still very responsive to intra-mammary antibiotic therapy. Past experience in South Africa has shown cure rates of 65-74%.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Operation Rescue: What Legacy of Disobedience?

On January 13, 1993 the United States Supreme Court overturned a lower court decision allowing the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act, enacted to protect blacks against conspiracies violating their civil rights, to be applied to the blockading of abortion clinics by Operation Rescue. While the anti-Klan law was a protection against organized hatred directed at blacks as a race, Justice Antonin Scalia's majority opinion in Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic rejected the notion that efforts to impede aborton were equivalent to animosity against the class of women.

Field of study: Medicine, Philosophy
Implementation and Research on the Construction of Medical Informatics Curriculum Group

The medical informatics curriculum group is at the core of curriculum groups in medical informatics research direction of computer science and technology in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.In conjunction with the implementation of experience,makes an analysis and discussion on the construction background and objectives,curriculum system reformation and construction.This kind of research in practice makes great efficiency and meets the professional's demand of medical information development process.

Field of study: Computer science
Density of vibrational states of a hyperquenched glass.

The vibrational density of states of a hyperquenched and an annealed glass has been measured using nuclear inelastic scattering. The hyperquenched sample shows a higher number of vibrational states in the low-energy region with respect to the annealed glass. It reveals, however, lower density and sound velocity and, therefore, smaller Debye energy. After rescaling the energy axes in Debye energy units and area renormalization, the density of states of both samples becomes identical. Thus, the effect of quenching is described by the transformation of the continuous medium.

Field of study: Physics
[Doctrine of psychopathies: the concept of M.O. Gurevich and M.Ja. Serejskij].

Understanding of psychopathies in the concept of Russian psychiatrists M.O. Gurevich and M.Ja. Serejskij is analyzed. These authors considered that the principal difference exists between neuroses and psychopathies (neurosis is a reversible disorder capable for development in normal personality). They used two systematics of psychopathies: the first one was focused on the rubric «Psychopathic personalities» of the last lifetime edition of E. Kraepelin's Textbook of Psychiatry, herewith the authors negated the existence of the «antisocial» psychopathy type, instead reckoning to psychopathies the perversions of drives. The second systematics of psychopathies represented the development of E. Kretschmer's constitutional typology, however, M.O. Gurevich, M.Ja. Serejskij, besides the psychopathies of schizoid and cycloid circles, also singled out epileptoid, hysteroid psychopathies, psychasthenia and sexual perversions. The authors believed that the polarity and contrast of character's properties are inherent to four types of constitutional psychopathies, including schizoid, cycloid, epileptoid and hysteroid. The concept of M.O. Gurevich and M.Ja. Serejskij is compared with preceding concepts of psychopathies, including P.B. Gannushkin and their contemporary V.A. Gilyarovsky.

Field of study: Medicine, Psychology
Prevalence, Detection and Correlates of PTSD in the Primary Care Setting: A Systematic Review

Research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common, debilitating and frequently associated with comorbid health conditions, including poor functioning, and increased health care utilization. This article systematically reviewed the empirical literature on PTSD in primary care settings, focusing on prevalence, detection and correlates. Twenty-seven studies were identified for inclusion. Current PTSD prevalence in primary care patients ranged widely between 2 % to 39 %, with significant heterogeneity in estimates explained by samples with different levels of trauma exposure. Six studies found detection of PTSD by primary care physicians (PCPs) ranged from 0 % to 52 %. Studies examining associations between PTSD and sociodemographic variables yielded equivocal results. High comorbidity was reported between PTSD and other psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety, and PTSD was associated with functional impairment or disability. Exposure to multiple types of trauma also raised the risk of PTSD. While some studies indicated that primary care patients with PTSD report higher levels of substance and alcohol abuse, somatic symptoms, pain, health complaints, and healthcare utilization, other studies did not find these associations. This review proposes that primary care settings are important for the early detection of PTSD, which can be improved through indicated screening and PCP education.

Field of study: Psychology
Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection and Immune Cell Regulation in Human Monocytes

Cryptococcus neoformans infections are becoming increasingly prevalent and remain a life-threatening clinical issue in immune-compromised hosts. The microorganism evades a variety of endogenous anti-fungal mechanims of host immune cells. The signaling pathways in human immune cells that become activated in response to Cryptococcus neoformans infection have yet to be fully characterized.  Human monocytes were incubated with Cryptococcus neoformans, and the whole transcriptome of monocytes was sequenced before and after exposure to Cryptococcus neoformans using mass parallel sequencing techniques. Based on the genes that demonstrated altered expression patterns, we performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis to further characterize the pathways involved in monocyte activation by Cryptococcus neoformans.  We found that immune and inflammatory responses, as well as chemotaxis, were the most heavily activated cellular events. Specifically, the toll-like receptor, tumor necrosis factor, NF-kB and Jak-STAT pathways were the most active pathways in response to Cryptococcus neoformans infection. The sequencing data of selected genes from the transcriptome analysis were further validated by real-time polymerase chain reactions.  Taken together, our study is the first characterization of the transcriptome alterations in human immune cells upon C. neoformans infection, providing additional information that may be helpful in discovering novel anti-fungal targets.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry
"J'ayme ces mots . . .": expressions linguistiques de doute dans les Essais de Montaigne, and: Les repentirs de l'Exemplaire de Bordeaux (review)

tions to the Petrarchan tradition. As a close critical reading of the Lyonnais’s poetry, however, the work disappoints. Among the 449 dizains of Délie, very few are ever scrutinized. Disappointing, too, is the neglect of the fifty Délie emblems in a study that supposes to underscore the place of “corps” in Scève’s verses. A discussion about these sensually graphic enhancements would have strengthened the critic’s arguments. ROBERTO E. CAMPO University of North Carolina, Greensboro

Field of study: History
The Effectiveness of the Modular Enrichment Activities Based on Gardner Multiple Intelligences and Sternberg Thinking Skills

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the modular enrichment activities which were developed based on multiple intelligences and thinking skills. The adoption of the four types of intelligence as introduced by Gardner (1983) consisted of verbal linguistic, logical mathematical, visual and kinesthetic intelligences. While the analytical, practical and creative thinking skills as raised by Sternberg (1985) in the triarchic theory of intelligence (Sternberg Triarchic Theory). A quasi-experimental research design was used which involved academically-gifted students from two Mara Junior Science Colleges (MRSMs) in Malaysia. Two instruments were used in this study, the Sternberg Triarchic Ability Test (STAT) and multiple intelligence test. ANCOVA analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test were then employed to analyze the data. The findings suggested that the integration of Gardner's multiple intelligence and Sternberg’s thinking skills through the modular enrichment activities stimulated the multiple intelligence profiles and the levels of the thinking skills of the treatment group significantly.  Multiple intelligences, Thinking skills, Enrichment activities

Field of study: Education
Langmuir-Blodgett films of long chain derivatives of carbazoledioxazines

Long chain derivatives of carbazoledioxazines with a linear and an angular type structures were synthesized. Monolayers were spread on water surface from toluene solution and deposited onto solid supports. From pressure-area isotherms and thickness together with polarized visible and IR spectra of multilayers, the molecular orientations in the films were investigated.

Field of study: Chemistry
Patent Reviews: 6,642,522; 6,654,121; 6,737,629; 6,794,659; 6,794,670; 6,795,175; 6,795,222; 6,795,224; 6,798,562; 6,800,855; 6,804,000; 6,804,002; 6,806,455; 6,806,460; 6,806,953; 6,809,828


Field of study: Physics
Towards a feasible and representative pan-African research infrastructure network for GHG observations

There is currently a lack of representative, systematic and harmonised greenhouse gas (GHG) observations covering the variety of natural and human-altered biomes that occur in Africa. This impedes the long-term assessment of the drivers of climate change, in addition to their impacts and feedback loops at the continental scale, but also limits our understanding of the contribution of the African continent to the global carbon (C) cycle. Given the current and projected transformation of socio-economic conditions in Africa (i.e. the increasing trend of urbanisation and population growth) and the adverse impacts of climate change, the development of a GHG research infrastructure (RI) is needed to support the design of suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies required to assure food, fuel, nutrition and economic security for the African population. This paper presents the initial results of the EU-African SEACRIFOG project, which aims to design a GHG observation RI for Africa. The first stages of this project included the identification and engagement of key stakeholders, the definition of the conceptual monitoring framework and an assessment of existing infrastructural capacity. Feedback from stakeholder sectors was obtained through three Stakeholder Consultation Workshops held in Kenya, Ghana and Zambia. Main concerns identified were data quality and accessibility, the need for capacity building and networking among the scientific community, and adaptation to climate change, which was confirmed to be a priority for Africa. This feedback in addition to input from experts in the atmospheric, terrestrial and oceanic thematic areas, facilitated the selection of a set of 'essential variables' that need to be measured in the future environmental RI. An inventory of 47 existing and planned networks across the continent allowed for an assessment of the current RIs needs and gaps in Africa. Overall, the development of a harmonised and standardised pan-African RI will serve to address the continent's primary societal and scientific challenges through a potential cross-domain synergy among existing and planned networks at regional, continental and global scales.

Field of study: Environmental science
Delineation of the arginine- and tetrahydrobiopterin-binding sites of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors. The enzyme consists of a central calmodulin-binding sequence flanked on the N-terminal side by a haem-binding region that contains the arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin sites and on the C-terminal side by a region homologous with NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase. By using domain boundaries defined by limited proteolysis of full-length enzyme, recombinant haem-binding regions of rat brain neuronal nitric oxide synthase were expressed and purified. Two proteins were made in high yield: one, corresponding to residues 221-724, contained bound haem and tetrahydrobiopterin and was able to bind Nomega-nitro-l-arginine (nitroarginine) or arginine; the other, containing residues 350-724, contained bound haem but was unable to bind tetrahydrobiopterin, nitroarginine or arginine. These results showed that rat brain neuronal nitric oxide synthase contains a critical determinant for arginine/tetrahydrobiopterin binding between residues 221 and 350. Limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin of the former protein resulted in a new species with an N-terminal residue 275 that retained the ability to bind nitroarginine, further defining the critical region for arginine binding as being between 275 and 350. Comparison of the sequences of nitric oxide synthase and the tetrahydrobiopterin-requiring amino acid hydroxylases revealed a similarity in the region between residues 470 and 600, suggesting that this might represent the core region of the pterin-binding site. The stoichiometries of binding of substrate and cofactors to the recombinant domains were not more than 0.5 mol/mol of monomer, suggesting that there might be a single high-affinity site per dimer.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science