nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High thermoelectric performance originates from the weak electron-phonon coupling in the distorted Bismuth (110) layer

The thermoelectric properties of the distorted bismuth (110) layer are investigated using first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport equation for both electrons and phonons. To accurately predict the electronic and transport properties, the quasiparticle corrections with the GW approximation of many-body effects have been explicitly included. It is found that a maximum ZT value of 6.4 can be achieved for n-type system, which is essentially stemmed from the weak scattering of electrons. Moreover, we demonstrate that the distorted Bi layer remains high ZT values at relatively broad regions of both temperature and carrier concentration. Our theoretical work confirms that the deformation potential constant charactering the electron-phonon scattering strength is an important paradigm for searching high thermoelectric performance materials.

Field of study: Physics
Spatio-temporal correlations for damages identification and localization in water pipeline systems based on WSNs

Pipeline leakages may conduct large excessive costs for reparation, infrastructure damage combined with environmental pollution. Consequently, the security and maintenance of the pipeline infrastructure are one of the major preoccupations for searchers. The most suitable are these solutions based on wireless sensors networks. However, WSNs are susceptible to noise effect, material defaults and malicious attacks from intruders. Therefore, it is essential to identify potential events like a leak, as well as erroneous and malicious attacks as defected sensors, occurred on the network. For that propose, we have presented a distributed one class classification technique for outliers detection based on WSNs. In addition, we have searched to improve our classifier by using a centered ellipsoidal technique to classify data. Then, we have demonstrated the importance of our improved technique comparing to other classifiers. Likewise, we have investigated the notion of the relationship existing between closed neighboring nodes and the existing correlation between historical observations to identify damages sources. These improvements led to increase the detection accuracy level and decrease the false alarm percentage by respecting WSNs constraints such as energy consumption.

Field of study: Computer science
Chronostratigraphy and Paleoclimatology of the Lodève Basin, France: Evidence for a Pan-Tropical Aridification Event Across the Carboniferous–Permian Boundary

Paleosols preserved within the Carboniferous–Permian succession of the Lodeve Basin, Massif Central, France change stratigraphically from Histosols to calcic Vertisols and Calcisols to gypsic Vertisols and ultimately back to calcic Vertisols and Calcisols. New high-precision U–Pb zircon ages (CA-IDTIMS) for tuff beds within the Lodeve and adjacent Graissessac basins significantly revise the chronostratigraphy of these and correlated Permian terrestrial basins of eastern Euramerica. Under the newly revised chronostratigraphy presented here these stratigraphic changes in morphology indicate a substantial drying of paleoenvironments across the Carboniferous–Permian boundary with a trend toward progressively more arid and seasonal climates through most of the early Permian. This newly-realized chronology provides a paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic timeline for eastern tropical Pangea that is contemporaneous with similar records in western Pangea and suggests pan-tropical, progressive climate change toward aridity and seasonality occurred from the Late Carboniferous through early Permian.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
The Venezuelan Sesquicentennial Publications, Part III

El Cabildo metropolitano de Caracas y la Guerra de Emancipacion. Edited and collected by MONS. NICOLkS EUGE;NIO NAVARRO. Caracas, 1960. Biblioteca de la Academia Nacional de la Historia. Sesquicentenario de la Independencia. Vol. 34.  Epistolario de la primera repu'(blica I.  Epistolario de la primera repi'blica II. Caracas,  Testimorios de la epoca emanetpadora.   La independencia de Venezuela ante las cancitllerias europeas. By FLORALIGIA GIMENEZ SILVA. Caracas,  El pensamiento constitucional hispanoamericano hasta 1830 I. Caracas,  El pensamiento constitucional hispanoamericano hasta 1830 II. Caracas,  El pensarmiento constitucional hispanoamericano hasta 1830 III. Caracas,  El pensamiento constitucional hispanoamericano hasta 1830 IV. Caracas,  El pvensamiento constitucional his panoamericano hasta 1830 V. Caracas,  Pp. 395. Paper. El movimiento emancipador de Hispanoamerici. Vols. I-IV.

Field of study: History
ID: 2: Paradoxical psoriasis – Unabated type I IFN production induced by TNF blockade

Paradoxical psoriasis is a well-known side-effect of anti-TNF therapy affecting 2–5% of treated patients. As this side effect often necessitates cessation of the anti-TNF therapy, there is an urgent need to understand its pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed a series of 25 cases of paradoxical psoriasis induced by all anti-TNF agents available. Underlying diseases, clinical presentation and histological patterns varied considerably among patients. However, we found a striking, uniform, and selective upregulation of type I interferons (IFN) in skin of paradoxical psoriasis as compared to classical psoriasis. The overexpression of type I IFN was paralleled by a massive accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within the skin. In-vitro, TNF blockade directly enhanced type I IFN production by pDCs, while TNF itself inhibited its production suggesting a crossregulation of TNF and pDC-derived type I IFN. In a skin injury mouse model, anti-TNF therapy increased and sustained type I IFN expression and skin infiltration by pDCs and was sufficient to induce a psoriatic phenotype in a type I IFN-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that anti-TNF therapy unleashes unabated type I IFN production by pDCs, thereby inducing a psoriasis-like skin phenotype. Thus, we unravel the pathomechanism of paradoxical psoriasis and provide a clinical relevance for the crossregulation of TNF and type I interferon.

Field of study: Medicine
Contributions of Psychophysiology to Media Research: Review and Recommendations

Despite the increasing use of psychophysiological measures in various research areas, there is a relative paucity of studies on communication, media, and media interfaces that have taken advantage of this approach. This article provides an overview of the use of psychophysiological measures of attention and emotion in media research with the focus on 3 most commonly used measures: heart rate, facial electromyography, and electrodermal activity. Selected media studies that have used psychophysiological methods to test theory-based predictions regarding the role of attentional and emotional factors in message processing are critically reviewed. The article also highlights some methodological and other issues critical for the successful application of psychophysiological methods to problems in media research. In particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a selective index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, is introduced as a measure that holds particular promise for media research, given that RSA is highly sensitive to changes in attention.

Field of study: Psychology
Energy-Efficient Coverage and Connectivity Maintenance for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a density control algorithm for wireless sensor networks to keep as few as possible sensors in the active state to achieve a connected coverage of a specific area of interest. Inactive sensors can turn off sensing modules to save energy. Unlike other algorithms, the proposed one does not rely on position information or ranging information of sensors. It just requires each active sensor to periodically send two beacons of different transmission ranges. Sensors can then decide to stay active or inactive according to received beacons. The proposed algorithm is fault-tolerant in the sense that one or more inactive sensors can switch to the active state to take over the surveillance responsibility when any active sensor runs out of energy or fails. Under the assumption of sufficiently high density of sensors and the assumption of RC ³ 2RS, the algorithm can approximate the optimal connected coverage, where RC and RS are the radio communication radius and the sensing radius of sensors, respectively. We also perform simulation experiments to demonstrate the algorithm’s performance.

Field of study: Computer science
Finite-wavevector phonon coupling to degenerate electronic states in LaSrCuO

We consider finite-k electron-phonon coupling appropriate for a superconductor with a very short coherence length and local intersite pairs. 
From group theoretical analyis we find that phonons with nonzero k can couple to degenerate electronic states in LaSrCuO and a Jahn-Teller-like distortion is found to be operative for E_u and E_g -symmetry O states. Experimentally observed anomalies in inelastic neutron scattering, ESR and EXAFS are found to be consistent with such an interaction of the tau_1 symmetry Sigma point mode with the planar O p_x and p_y states. The proposed interaction is found to naturally facilitate symmetry breaking associated with pairing and/or stripe formation.

Field of study: Physics
Influence of the chromium content on the as-cast microstructures of ternary alloys very rich in carbon: Part II: Ni-based and Fe-based alloys with 3 to 5 wt.%C

High fractions of carbides are favourable for high hardness but the possible presence of graphite for very high carbon contents may have the opposite effect. Limited modifications of the chemical composition may correct the microstructures to achieve the demanded properties. This was studied for three ternary alloys based on nickel and three other ones based on iron, all rich in carbon, by modifying their chromium contents (from 30wt.% Cr to new values comprised between 20 and 37wt.%). Preliminary thermodynamic calculations were first performed to explore the possible microstructures, and to select several chromium contents potentially allowing either to promote graphite, or on the contrary to avoid it, or to enhance the carbide fraction at constant carbon content. Second, alloys with the chromium contents selected above were really elaborated by foundry. Metallography samples were prepared and the as-cast microstructures observed. As in the first part of this work concerning cobalt alloys, the calculated and metallography results were compared to the ones previously obtained for the analogous nickel and iron containing 30wt.%Cr. Adding 4.5 and 7% of chromium to the graphite-rich nickel alloysNi-30Cr-4.5C andNi-30Cr-5.0C respectively, induces a significant decrease in graphite fraction while subtracting 4.5 %Cr to the graphite-free Ni-30Cr-3.0C is not sufficient to make graphite appear but it decreases the carbideÂÂs quantity. Removing 10.3% Cr and 3.9%Cr to the Fe- 30Cr-4.0C ant the Fe-30Cr-5.0C respectively, decreases the mass fraction of carbides but does not promote the appearance of graphite. In contrast adding 2.6%Cr to the Fe-3Cr-5.0C induces only a small increase in carbide quantity.

Field of study: Materials science
Structures of Legionella pneumophila NTPDase1 in complex with polyoxometallates.

Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are secreted or membrane-bound ectonucleotidases that hydrolyze the anhydride bonds of nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates. Mammalian cell-surface NTPDase enzymes are inhibited by various polyoxometallates. Here, the structures of NTPDase1 from the bacterium Legionella pneumophila (LpNTPDase1) in complex with the dodecatungstate POM-1, decavanadate and octamolybdate/heptamolybdate are described. The metal clusters are bound at different sites but always in a highly ordered fashion via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. For octamolybdate, covalent interactions after oxygen ligand exchange by a serine and histidine side chain are also observed. The potential inhibitory mechanism and the use of the metal clusters as phasing tools for new NTPDase structures are discussed. The binding mode of a tartrate ion at the catalytic centre suggests novel strategies for the structure-based design of NTPDase inhibitors, and the observation of the enzyme in an intermediate open state contributes to our understanding of NTPDase enzyme dynamics.

Field of study: Chemistry
GARRLiC and LIRIC: strengths and limitations for the characterization of dust and marine particles along with their mixtures

The Generalized Aerosol Retrieval from Radiometer and Lidar Combined data algorithm (GARRLiC) and the LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) provide the opportunity to study the aerosol vertical distribution by combining ground-based lidar and sun-photometric measurements. Here, we utilize the capabilities of both algorithms for the characterization of Saharan dust and marine particles, along with their mixtures, in the south-eastern Mediterranean during the CHARacterization of Aerosol mixtures of Dust and Marine origin Experiment (CHARADMExp). Three case studies are presented, focusing on dust-dominated, marine-dominated and dust–marine mixing conditions. GARRLiC and LIRIC achieve a satisfactory characterization for the dust-dominated case in terms of particle microphysical properties and concentration profiles. The marine-dominated and the mixture cases are more challenging for both algorithms, although GARRLiC manages to provide more detailed microphysical retrievals compared to AERONET, while LIRIC effectively discriminates dust and marine particles in its concentration profile retrievals. The results are also compared with modelled dust and marine concentration profiles and surface in situ measurements.

Field of study: Environmental science
Adaptive blind channel estimation by least squares smoothing

A least squares smoothing (LSS) approach is presented for the blind estimation of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) finite impulse response systems. By exploiting the isomorphic relation between the input and output subspaces, this geometrical approach identifies the channel from a specially formed least squares smoothing error of the channel output. LSS has the finite sample convergence property, i.e., in the absence of noise, the channel is estimated perfectly with only a finite number of data samples. Referred to as the adaptive least squares smoothing (A-LSS) algorithm, the adaptive implementation has a high convergence rate and low computation cost with no matrix operations. A-LSS is order recursive and is implemented in part using a lattice filter. It has the advantage that when the channel order varies, channel estimates can be obtained without structural change of the implementation. For uncorrelated input sequence, the proposed algorithm performs direct deconvolution as a by-product.

Field of study: Engineering
Adjacency Graphs, Irreducible Polynomials and Cyclotomy

We consider the adjacency graphs of linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) with reducible characteristic polynomials. Let l(x) be a characteristic polynomial, and l(x) = l1(x)l2(x) · · · lr(x) be a decomposition of l(x) into co-prime factors. Firstly, we show a connection between the adjacency graph of FSR(l(x)) and the association graphs of FSR(li(x)), 1 ≤ i ≤ r. By this connection, the problem of determining the adjacency graph of FSR(l(x)) is decomposed to the problem of determining the association graphs of FSR(li(x)), 1 ≤ i ≤ r, which is much easier to handle. Then, we study the association graph of LFSRs with irreducible characteristic polynomials and give a relationship between these association graphs and the cyclotomic numbers over finite fields. At last, some applications are suggested.

Field of study: Computer science, Mathematics
Carrier-Envelope-Phase Characterization for an Isolated Attosecond Pulse by Angular Streaking.

The carrier envelope phase (CEP) is a crucial parameter for a few-cycle laser pulse since it substantially determines the laser waveform. Stepping forward from infrared to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses, we propose a strategy to directly characterize the CEP of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) by numerically simulating the tunneling ionization of a hydrogen atom in a combined IAP and phase-stabilized circularly polarized IR laser pulse. The fine modulations of the combined laser fields, due to the variation of the CEP of the IAP, are exponentially enlarged onto the distinct time-dependent tunneling ionization rate. Electrons released at different time with distinct tunneling ionization rates are angularly streaked to different directions. By measuring the resulting photoelectron momentum distribution, the CEP of the IAP can be retrieved. The characterization of the CEP of an IAP will open the possibility of capturing sub-EUV-cycle dynamics.

Field of study: Physics
Late quaternary vegetation history of Wilcox Pass, Jasper National Park, Alberta

Five pollen zones are recognized in a radiocarbon and tephra dated core from an alpine site at an elevation of ca. 2355 masl in Wilcox Pass, Jasper National Park, and record Late Quaternary vegetation history. The two lower zones underlie material dated at 9600 ± 305 yr B.P. (GX-8785) and record early postglacial vegetation. The basal zone, WP1, containing an Artemisia dominated assemblage, represents tundra vegetation after deglaciation. In Zone WP2, arboreal pollen, mainly diploxylon pine, becomes dominant, and represents a lodgepole pine forest. The pollen assemblage of Zone WP3, which initially contains large amounts of haploxylon pine as well as Picea and Abies pollen, shows a transition from a forest with large amounts of whitebarkpine to vegetation resembling present-day subalpine forest. During this phase, temperatures were probably warmer than present. Zone WP4, beginning after the influx of Mazama tephra (6800 yr B.P.) to the site, records an expansion of the subalpine forest to higher elevations with a warmer climate. In Zone WP5, beginning about 2800 yr B.P., values of the main arboreal components fluctuate, indicating cooler temperatures and less favourable environmental conditions, probably associated with Neoglacial ice advances. The environmental trends observed from this record accord with those from other vegetation records in the Canadian Rockies.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
DETECTION INDICTOR OF STRUCTURAL NONDESTRUCTIVE DAMAGE BASED ON CURVATURE-FLEXIBILITY-DIFFERENCE MATRIX

For structural damage, the flexibility is more sensitive than its frequency or mode. The curvature difference matrix in flexibility is presented as a new index of nondestructive damage detection, derived from the change in structural flexibilities calculated before damaging and after damaging by means of difference calculation twice, firstly to columns, and then to rows. Therefore a new indicator called δFlexibility Curvature Matrix Diagonal (δ FCMD) is constructed through principal diagonal elements based on the curvature difference matrix in flexibility. Numerical simulation examples indicate that the damage location and severity in structures, with single damage, multiple ones, lighter ones and ones at the supports, can be detected efficiently for cantilever beams, fixed supported beams, simply supported beams, continuous beams and so on by δFCMD through only a few of the lower order modes. Compared to the aforementioned flexibility indicators and δ FCMD, such as the change in flexibility, the rate in flexibility, the curvature change in uniform load surface (ULSC), the effectiveness and advantage of δ FCMD, etc are shown.

Field of study: Engineering
Moving toward optoelectronic logic circuits for visible light: a chalcogenide glass single-mode single-polarization optical waveguide switch

In this paper, we propose an arsenic trisulfide (As-S) optical waveguide switch-based logic gate mainly comprised of a photorefractive Sn1As20S79 waveguide core and a LiNbO3 crystal substrate. In combination with the unique optical stopping effect of Sn1As20S79, this device can realize logical operations on an electrical signal and an optical signal, holding promises to be applied in optoelectronic logic circuits. While most of the previous research on As-S has focused on applications in the infrared regime, this device operates at the visible wavelengths of 632.8 and 441.6 nm, which are the specific wavelengths for optical stopping. As the kernel part of this logic gate, an optical waveguide switch based on an electro-optic coupler is employed to control optical signals by electrical signals, providing a solid foundation of operation for an electro-optic logic function. Some crucial design specifications of the switch are optimized by means of simulation analysis. It is found that less than 10 V of applied voltage is sufficient to realize a satisfactory function of the switch. A coupling efficiency of 90% and an extinction ratio of greater than 10 dB are achieved by simulating the lightwave propagation in the waveguide switch. Since the waveguide structure of the switch has no upper cladding, it is different from that of a ridge waveguide or a buried waveguide, and is, thus, convenient to fabricate by only using UV exposure without etching. Our work will open new possibilities for photoelectric hybrid logical operation in visible light, and, thus, provide fertile ground for applications in programmable optical chips.

Field of study: Physics
Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Nrf2 Activation in Rats

Tanshinone IIA is a chemical compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a perennial plant also known as red sage used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinone IIA has been shown to protect against various organ injuries. In this study, we hypothesized that Tanshinone IIA could play an anti-oxidative role in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) through enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation.  To test whether Tanshinone IIA can attenuate CIN, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, we utilized two models: an in vivo Sprague-Dawley rat model of ioversol-induced CIN and an in vitro cell model of oxidative stress in which HK2 cells, a human renal tubular cell line, are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6 per group): control group, ioversol group (ioversol-induced CIN), vehicle group (ioversol-induced CIN rats pretreated with vehicle), and Tanshinone IIA group (ioversol-induced CIN rats pretreated with 25mg/kg Tanshinone IIA). Renal functions, renal injuries and apoptosis were evaluated by using serum creatinine, histological scoring, and TUNEL staning respectively. Malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’ –deoxyguanosine, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were used for oxidative stress assessment. Levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured in vivo and in vitro.  Tanshinone IIA attenuated renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats and oxidative stress in HK2 cells. Furthermore, Tanshinone IIA activated Nrf2, and up-regulated HO-1 expression in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a reduction in oxidative stress.  Tanshinone IIA may protect against CIN through enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation.

Field of study: Biology, Chemistry