nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Supply Chain Operational Capabilities on Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia: A Preliminary Analysis

This study determines the underlying determinants of supply chain operational capabilities (SCOC) and empirically tests a framework that can be used to identify the relationship among those determinants and business performance with special emphasis on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The study is based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire survey from 135 Malaysian manufacturing SMEs. The empirical findings provide evidence on the relationship between structural and technological capability with business performance. However, it was found that there was no support on the impact of logistical capability on business performance. The most critical limitation of this study was its narrow focus on the manufacturing sector in Malaysian SMEs, thus, preventing the generalisation to other sectors and also to other countries that may gain the benefits from the responsiveness of SCOC. This study might offer several practical implications which could have some practical values for SMEs' practitioners and managers particularly in Malaysia.

Field of study: Business
On local aspects of topological weak mixing in dimension one and beyond

We introduce the concept of weakly mixing sets of order n and show that, in contrast to weak mixing of maps, a weakly mixing set of order n does not have to be weakly mixing of order n + 1. Strictly speaking, we construct a minimal invertible dynamical system which contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 2, whereas it does not contain any non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 3. In dimension one this difference is not that much visible, since we prove that every continuous map f from a topological graph into itself has positive topological entropy if and only if it contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 2 if and only if it contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of all orders.

Field of study: Mathematics
Paleobiogeographic distribution of Testudinata and neosuchian Crocodyliformes in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of North America: Evidence of habitat zonation?

Nearly 150 occurrences of turtles and neosuchian crocodyliforms in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation indicate that, by number of localities and number of specimens, both are preferentially preserved off the Colorado Plateau in deposits in the eastern and northern parts of the Morrison basin, suggesting that these latter areas contained wetter paleoenvironments and either were more populated with these semi-aquatic taxa or more frequently preserved their remains, compared with areas to the south and west. Cursorial crocodylomorphs occur at more sites and in greater numbers on the Colorado Plateau than to the east and north, but this pattern is only significant by number of specimens. Previous suggestions of wetter paleoenvironmental conditions on floodplains distal to the southwestern source areas on the Colorado Plateau, or western source areas for northern outcrops, based on geological and microvertebrate data, seem to be borne out by these data from semi-aquatic mesovertebrates.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
Trends in alcohol-related problems among whites, blacks, and Hispanics: 1984-1995.

The objective of this study was to report trends in alcohol problems among whites, blacks, and Hispanics between 1984 and 1995. Data were obtained from two nationwide probability samples of U.S. households, the first conducted in 1984 and the second in 1995. The 1984 sample consisted of 1777 whites, 1947 blacks, and 1453  The 1995 sample included 1636 whites, 1582 blacks, and 1585  On both occasions, interviews (average length, 1 hr) were conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers. The results indicate that between 1984 and 1995, alcohol problems were stable among white and black men and increased among Hispanic men. The rates of three or more alcohol problems for men of each ethnic group for 1984 and 1995 were: 12% and 11% for white men, 16% and 13% for black men, and 9% and 16% for Hispanic men, respectively. Problem prevalence was stable and relatively low among women in all three ethnic groups. Overall, the prevalence of alcohol problems continues to be high among men in the United States. Even though recent research has shown that rates of frequent heavy drinking among white men have declined, we found no corresponding decrease in problem prevalence. Rates of frequent heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems between 1984 and 1995 have remained especially high among black and Hispanic men, suggesting that men of these two ethnic groups should be specifically targeted for renewed prevention efforts.

Field of study: Medicine
New paleontological evidence of the Carnian strata in the Mežica area (Karavanke Mts, Slovenia): Conodont data for the Carnian Pluvial Event

The Carnian carbonate succession in the Mežica area called “Raibl Beds” (Karavanke Mts, Slovenia) on the north of the Periadriatic Line in the Eastern Alps includes three clastic horizons of marly–shaly rocks. The most interesting is the second clastic horizon that contains unique layers or lenses of micritic limestone. Although many samples were collected for conodonts, only one single sample yielded well preserved Carnian (Julian) specimens. The monospecific conodont fauna is marked by elements of Nicoraella ? budaensis that enables us to reconstruct a multielemental apparatus. The sporomorph associations of the first and the second clastic horizons are well correlated to the humid sub-phases in the “Raibl Beds”. The recovered conodont fauna verifies the Julian age of the second clastic horizon in the Mežica area and it provides new significant information for definition of the Carnian Pluvial Event in the Karavanke Mts.

Field of study: Environmental science, Geography
YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ superconductor microbolometer arrays fabricated by silicon micromachining

Linear arrays of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ transition edge microbolometers have been fabricated on silicon substrates using silicon micromachining to produce microbolometer structures with good thermal isolation. These bolometers, which are 85 mu m*115 mu m*1 mu m, have a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 9*10/sup -13/ W/Hz/sup 1/2/. (neglecting contact noise) and a thermal time constant of 24 ms. With contact noise, the NEP is 9*10/sup -12/ W/Hz/sup 1/2/. This performance indicates that a 2-D staring focal plane array of superconductor microbolometers could have a performance comparable to that of HgCdTe staring arrays without further improvements in the sharpness of the superconducting transition or reductions in the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ electrical noise. The use of silicon processing technology to fabricate the superconductor microbolometers results in a significant cost advantage over HgCdTe, and there is no long wavelength cutoff dependence in the sensitivity of a superconductor microbolometer.<<ETX>>

Field of study: Physics
Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency with Transient Thyroiditis Inducing an Adrenal Crisis

It was the aim of this study to describe a patient with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency presenting with a variety of involuntary movements who developed an adrenal crisis due to transient thyroiditis.  A 61-year-old man was hospitalized with a variety of involuntary movements that were suspected manifestations of metabolic encephalopathy. After admission, his general status rapidly deteriorated to a life-threatening condition that included a degree of hyponatremia. The hyponatremia and metabolic encephalopathy provided clues toward a definitive diagnosis. After corticosteroid and sodium supplementation improved the status of the patient, endocrinological examinations revealed that he suffered from isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency followed by transient thyroiditis that induced an adrenal crisis.  This case emphasizes the importance of considering hypoadrenalism when encountering hyponatremia or metabolic encephalopathy of unknown etiology.

Field of study: Medicine
Determination of sulfosulfuron residues in soil under wheat crop by a novel and cost-effective method and evaluation of its carryover effect

A novel and cost-effective method of sulfosulfuron extraction has been developed using distilled water as an extraction solvent. Using this method, the environmental fate of sulfosulfuron was investigated in soil under wheat crop. Studies were conducted under natural field conditions in randomized block design and herbicide (75% water dispersible granules (WG)) was applied after 24 days of sowing. The rates of applications were 25 and 50 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare. Soil samples were collected at predetermined intervals and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.001 μ g g− 1. The dissipation of sulfosulfuron followed first-order rate kinetics and dissipated with a half-life of 5.4–6.3 days. After harvest, field soil was used for conducting a pot experiment with bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) as test plants to study the carry over effect of sulfosulfuron. No phytotoxicity was observed to bottle gourd in pot experiment with harvest soil.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations modulated by laser-pulse deposited YBa2Cu3O7-x.

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations during pulsed laser ablation of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x on SrTiO 3 (100) substrates were measured. We have found for the first time that the oscillations are modulated by the laser-pulse repetition frequency. Each laser pulse deposits 0.14 nm of material. This causes the specularly reflected intensity to decrease instantaneously, but then it increases exponentially due to crystallization

Field of study: Physics
Early Cambrian problematic fossils near June Lake, Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T.

Compressed cylindrical remains of probable trace fossil affinities are described under the taxon Palaeophycus ferrovittatus n. sp. The structures are preserved as ornamented, reddish brown, rectilinear to curvilinear ribbons of iron oxide several centimetres long, several millimetres wide, less than 1 mm thick, and surrounded by an argillaceous envelope. They occur along bedding planes in greyish olive weathering mudstone interbedded with glauconitic quartz sandstone in the Backbone Ranges Formation straddling the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. They are associated with other fossils similarly preserved by iron oxides, including cf. "Helminthoidichnites? meeki" Walcott and Planolites montanus Richter.

Field of study: Environmental science
'Mathematics Experiments"- an Excellent Method of Improving Students' Mathematics Quality

The article puts forward the mathematics quality essential for being trained figures of 21 st century with the aid of exposition of the wide-ranging use of computers and mathematics in the present society. It tells the characteristics of the "mathematics experiments" and the general principles followed during selection of the experimental problems. It also emphasizes that "the mathematics experiments" is a kind of excellent methods for cultivating the students' abilities of fixed thinking quantity and creative power.

Field of study: Education
Variations of Major Chemical Constituents across the Central Sierra Nevada Batholith

A study of 193 chemical analyses of plutonic rocks from 132 localities in the central Sierra Nevada shows convincingly that K2O decreases systematically westward and suggests that Fe2O3 and TiO2 may also decrease westward and that FeO, MgO, and CaO may increase. The ratio K2O/SiO2 obviously decreases westward across six of eight provisionally established sequences of granitic rocks. Plots of analyses of rocks from each sequence form discrete fields that are strongly elongate toward zero K2O at 40 to 45 percent SiO2. The boundaries between fields on these plots and between fields on plots of normative minerals on triangular diagrams are sharp. Compositional trends within sequences are different than the compositional changes that take place across the batholith—rocks in the western Sierra Nevada probably are not compositionally identical with rocks that are present at depth beneath the eastern Sierra Nevada.

Progressive decrease of K2O in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic country rocks westward across the batholith is consistent with the anatectic model for its origin. However, it also is consistent with the hypothesis developed to explain chemical patterns in volcanic island arcs—that K2O increases toward continental land masses because of increasing depth of magma generation along landward-dipping seismic (Benioff) zones. The seismic-zone hypothesis encounters several difficulties, but it cannot be ruled out.

Field of study: Geology
SYNTHESIS AND RESOLUTION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE CARBONFUNCTIONAL ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS

Triorganosilylmethylanimes, Me(PhCH2)RSiCH2NH2 [R=C6H5(Ia), p-MeC6H4(Ib), m-MeC6H4(Ic), and o-MeC6H4(Id)] were resolved by fractional crystallization of the (+)-tartaric acid salts of the racemic triorganosilylmethylamines from methanol. The following optically active amines were obtained from the less soluble diastereoisomers; (+)-Ia([α]D21 +9.9 (c=5, in Et2O)), (−)-Ib ([α]D21−16.6 (c=5, in Et2O)), (+)-Ic([α]D22 +11.1 (c=5, in Et2O)), and (+)-Id ([α]D21 +7.0 (c=5, in Et2O)).

Field of study: Chemistry
Spray-Formed High-Tin Bronze—A Homogeneous Pre-Material for ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ -Based Superconductor Wire

The advantages of high-tin bronze which is produced by the innovative process "spray forming" and its commercial application in Nb3Sn superconductor wire are presented. An important decision in the processing of Nb3Sn superconductor wire after the bronze method is the choice of pre-material. As the bronze, together with the niobium, is subjected to hot and cold forming processes, homogeneous bronze pre-material is required. High-tin bronze produced by spray forming exhibits a high degree of homogeneity. Advantages of spray-formed bronze are the very fine, equi-axed grains, the homogeneous grain structure, the reduced delta phase particle size, the minimized delta phase volume fraction and the homogeneous element distribution. These advantages are given in all spray-formed bronze qualities with tin contents up to 20%. Spray-formed bronzes with tin contents of 14.5%, 15.5% and 16.0% and an additionally titanium content up to 0.3% are commercially produced and supplied to different superconductor wire manufacturers. The processing results show that the production process stability is excellent and the results of superconducting properties are reproducible. Bronzes with tin contents of 17% and 20% have also been successfully spray-formed and formed into tubes and rods. These bronzes are now subject of investigations regarding the use in future Nb3Sn superconducting magnets with increased magnetic field strength.

Field of study: Physics
Julio Estrada Ycaza: El puerto de Guayaquil (2 vols. Archivo Histórico del Guayas, 1972–1973, n.p.s.); Michael T. Hamerly, Historia social y económica de la anhigua provincia de Guayaquil 1763–1842 (Archivo Histórico del Guayas, 1973, n.p.s.).


Field of study: Political science
Uncontact Certification Using Video Hand Image by Morphology Analysis

This paper proposes a non-contacting certification system by using morphological analysis of contiguous hand images to access security control. The non-contacting hand image certification system is more effective than contacting system where psychological resistance and conformability are required. The morphology is applied to get useful individual characteristic even if the pose of a hand is changed. The experimental results show the more accuracy to certificate individuals was obtained by using contiguous frames compared to conventional method.

Field of study: Computer science
Abscisic acid-mediated modifications of radial apoplastic transport pathway play a key role in cadmium uptake in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone underlying plant resistance to toxic metals. However, regulatory effects of ABA on apoplastic transport in roots and consequences for uptake of metal ions are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate how ABA regulates development of apoplastic barriers in roots of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii and assess effects on cadmium (Cd) uptake. Under Cd treatment, increased endogenous ABA level was detected in roots of nonhyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) due to up-regulated expressions of ABA biosynthesis genes (SaABA2, SaNCED), but no change was observed in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE). Simultaneously, endodermal Casparian strips (CSs) and suberin lamellae (SL) were deposited closer to root tips of NHE compared with HE. Interestingly, the vessel-to-CSs overlap was identified as an ABA-driven anatomical trait. Results of correlation analyses and exogenous applications of ABA/Abamine indicate that ABA regulates development of both types of apoplastic barriers through promoting activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and expressions of suberin-related genes (SaCYP86A1, SaGPAT5, and SaKCS20). Using scanning ion-selected electrode technique and PTS tracer confirmed that ABA-promoted deposition of CSs and SL significantly reduced Cd entrance into root stele. Therefore, maintenance of low ABA levels in HE minimized deposition of apoplastic barriers and allowed maximization of Cd uptake via apoplastic pathway.

Field of study: Environmental science
Primary photochemical reactions in the photo-Fenton system with ferric chloride. 1. A case study of xylidine oxidation as a model compound

Environmental contamination in groundwater involving a variety of nonbiodegradable toxic xylidines from industrial or military effluents is a matter of growing concern. Besides the traditional nondestructive treating methods to remove these substances in water bodies, the application of advanced oxidation technologies such as Fenton photoassisted reactions seems a suitable way to remove and mineralize these contaminants and is the aim of the present study. Primary photochemical reactions in the water solutions of ferric chloride complexes in the absence and in the presence of H2O2 were examined by laser photolysis (λ = 347 nm) using xylidine (2,4-dimethylaniline, XYL) as probe molecule. The Cl2•- radicals are formed as a result of the reaction of Cl• atoms and OH• radicals produced during the photodissociation of ferric chloride and ferric hydroxy complexes in the presence of Cl- anion. The oxidation of xylidine by Cl• or Cl2•- lead to the formation of the XYL+ radical−cation [C8H9NH2]•+, having an absorp...

Field of study: Environmental science
Fission, cohabitation and the concern for future survival

. What does it take to satisfy my desire for continued survival? To borrow a term from David Lewis, a ‘platitude of common sense’ (1976a: 18) has it that my desire is satisfied iff the person I am now exists in the future; that is, iff there is a future person with whom I am identical. On this view, what matters in survival is personal identity (for brevity, simply ‘identity’). Derek Parfit has challenged this view by observing that one can imagine oneself undergoing certain processes that do not interrupt what matters, but do interrupt identity. One such process is fission: I divide into two people, each of whom is bodily and psychologically very similar to me, but neither of whom is identical with me.

Field of study: Philosophy
Isomerization of beta-HCH in aqueous solution.

beta-HCH was shaken with distilled water at 25 +/- 1 degree C for different time intervals and filtered. The ether extract of the filtrate on analysis by gas liquid chromatography showed the presence of four isomers, alpha, beta, gamma and delta, besides other compounds, thereby indicating isomerization of the beta-isomer in aqueous solution. Further, the ether extract, when dried and dissolved in acetone, showed high toxicity to mosquito larvae, flour beetle larvae and house-flies thereby indicating conversion of the inert beta-isomer to more toxic forms corroborating GLC analysis. Acetone solution of pure beta-HCH was found nontoxic against the insects tested.

Field of study: Agricultural and Food sciences
Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the JIP-JNK interaction.

JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1) plays a crucial role in the regulation of obesity-induced insulin resistance and is implicated in the pathology of Type 2 diabetes. Its partner, JIP1 (JNK-interacting protein 1), serves a scaffolding function that facilitates JNK1 activation by MKK4 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinase 4] and MKK7 (MAPK kinase 7). For example, reduced insulin resistance and JNK activation are observed in JIP1-deficient mice. On the basis of the in vivo efficacy of a cell-permeable JIP peptide, the JIP-JNK interaction appears to be a potential target for JNK inhibition. The goal of the present study was to identify small-molecule inhibitors that disrupt the JIP-JNK interaction to provide an alternative approach for JNK inhibition to ATP-competitive inhibitors. High-throughput screening was performed by utilizing a fluorescence polarization assay that measured the binding of JNK1 to the JIP peptide. Multiple chemical series were identified, revealing two categories of JIP/JNK inhibitors: 'dual inhibitors' that are ATP competitive and probably inhibit JIP-JNK binding allosterically, and 'JIP-site binders' that block binding through interaction with the JIP site. A series of polychloropyrimidines from the second category was characterized by biochemical methods and explored through medicinal-chemistry efforts. As predicted, these inhibitors also inhibited full-length JIP-JNK binding and were selective against a panel of 34 representative kinases, including ones in the MAPK family. Overall, this work demonstrates that small molecules can inhibit protein-protein interactions in vitro in the MAPK family effectively and provides strategies for similar approaches within other target families.

Field of study: Biology, Computer science
Detection of infalling hydrogen in transfer between the interacting galaxies NGC 5426 and NGC 5427

Using velocity tagging we have detected hydrogen from NGC 5426 falling onto its interacting partner NGC 5427. Our observations, with the GHaFaS Fabry-Perot spectrometer, produced maps of the two galaxies in Halpha surface brightness and radial velocity. We found emission with the range of velocities associated with NGC 5426 along lines of sight apparently emanating from NGC 5427, superposed on the velocity map of the latter. After excluding instrumental effects we assign the anomalous emission to gas pulled from NGC 5426 during its passage close to NGC 5427. Its distribution, more intense between the arms and just outside the disk of NGC 5427, and weak, or absent, in the arms, suggests that the infalling gas is behind the disk., ionized by Lyman continuum photons escaping from NGC 5427. Modeling this, we estimate the distances of these gas clouds- behind the plane: a few hundred pc to a few kpc. We also estimate the mass of the infalling (ionized plus neutral) gas, finding an infall rate of 10 solar masses per year, consistent with the high measured SFR across the disk of NGC 5427 and with the detected circumnuclear galactic wind.

Field of study: Physics